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Voeller M, Pohl CA. A novel for-credit DEI humanities co-curriculum. Med Educ 2024; 58:645. [PMID: 38362718 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
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3
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Rajagopalan A, Sim K. Reclaiming the 'person' and advocacy for good clinical care in psychiatric residency training through medical humanities. Med Educ 2024; 58:623-624. [PMID: 38362618 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
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4
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Shaw KA. What's Important (Arts & Humanities): Our Uniformed. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:746-747. [PMID: 38154002 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Aaron Shaw
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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Zhang X, Duan Z. Maturity model for assessing the medical humanities: a Delphi study. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:369. [PMID: 38570818 PMCID: PMC10993615 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Becoming a first-level discipline in China means access to more educational resources. The development of medical humanities in China has been going on for more than 40 years, and some medical schools have set up master's and doctoral programs in medical humanities. The demand for medical humanities-related knowledge in China is also growing after COVID-19. However, medical humanities is only a second-level discipline and receives limited resources to meet the needs of society. This study aims to establish a system of indicators that can assess whether the medical humanities has a first-level discipline and provide a basis for its upgrading to a first-level. METHODS A Delphi technique was used, with the panel of expert expressing their views in a series of two questionnaires. A coefficient of variation of less than 0.2 indicates expert agreement. RESULT A total of 25 experts participated in this Delphi study. Consensus was reached on 11 first-grade indices and 48 s-grade indices. The authoritative coefficient(Cr) of the experts was 0.804, which indicates that the experts have a high level of reliability. CONCLUSION This study provides a reliable foundation for the evaluation of medical humanities maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Mangement, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, TaiYuan, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- School of Mangement, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, TaiYuan, China.
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Barker NDJ, Tukkers C, Nelissen RGHH. What's Important (Arts and Humanities): Shouldn't Our GOAL! Be to Find a Better Way? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:639-642. [PMID: 38127839 PMCID: PMC10980174 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
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Osei-Tutu K. Redefining excellence in health care: uniting inclusive compassion and shared humanity within a transformative physician competency model. CMAJ 2024; 196:E381-E383. [PMID: 38527750 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kannin Osei-Tutu
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
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Collier KM. What is medicine for? BMJ Lead 2024; 8:55-58. [PMID: 37407067 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2022-000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Collier
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Fanali A, Giorgi F, Tramonti F. Thick description and systems thinking: Reiterating the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to mental health. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:309-315. [PMID: 36444133 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY AIMS The article aims at reiterating the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to mental health, taking stock of the critiques that have been raised and moving forward throughout a reconsideration of the theoretical background of systems thinking and emphasizing the relevance of the concept of thick description for the promotion of an adequate reflection on methodology and case formulation. LITERATURE REVIEW It is our opinion that the biopsychosocial approach is still a powerful framework for making sense of the growing data collected in the different fields related to mental health and for designing proper treatment plans. A crucial challenge for mental health is that of surpassing the dichotomies and ideological disputes that still contaminate the field with detrimental effects on the advancement of knowledge and on the integration and continuity of different kind of interventions. CONCLUSIONS The time is ripe for building bridges among neuroscience, humanities and social sciences, and this can only happen within the umbrella of a biopsychosocial perspective reinstated into its systems thinking background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franco Giorgi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Morrison W, Steinmiller E, Lizza S, Dillard T, Lipawen P, Ludwig S. Harnessing the Humanities to Foster Staff Resilience: An Annual Arts and Humanities Rounds at a Children's Hospital. J Med Humanit 2024; 45:113-119. [PMID: 37294377 PMCID: PMC10250846 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-023-09804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Working in healthcare can be fulfilling, meaningful, and sometimes exhausting. Creative endeavors may be one way to foster personal resilience in healthcare providers. In this article, we describe an annual arts and humanities program, the Ludwig Rounds, developed at a large academic children's hospital. The event encourages staff to reflect on resilience by sharing their creative work and how it had an impact on their clinical careers. The multidisciplinary forum also allows staff to connect and learn about each other. We discuss the development of the program, its format and logistics, and lessons learned over the past 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynne Morrison
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, HUB 13 (Palliative Care), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Steinmiller
- Department of Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sofia Lizza
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd Dillard
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Lipawen
- Child Life, Education and Creative Arts Therapy Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Ludwig
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Edwards ML, Morris NP. How Inpatient Psychiatric Units Can Be Both Safe and Therapeutic. AMA J Ethics 2024; 26:E248-256. [PMID: 38446730 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Inpatient psychiatric units should be therapeutic environments that support dignity and recovery. When adverse outcomes (eg, self-harm, violence) happen in these settings, clinicians and administrators can face litigation and other pressures to prioritize risk management over supporting patients' access to personal belongings, exercise equipment, and private spaces. This article describes these downward pressures toward sparser, controlling environments in inpatient psychiatric settings as a safety funnel and suggests strategies for balancing safety, humanity, and recovery in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edwards
- Assistant professor of psychiatry and an assistant training director of the General Psychiatry Residency Program in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California
| | - Nathaniel P Morris
- Assistant professor of clinical psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco
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Smith BR. Bonfire Abecedarian. J Med Humanit 2024; 45:123-124. [PMID: 37127836 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-023-09802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Robert Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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13
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Humanities in general practice medicine. Aust J Gen Pract 2024; 53:87. [PMID: 38437654 DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-03-24-1234e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
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14
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Fernyhough C. Entanglements in the medical humanities. Lancet 2024; 403:710-711. [PMID: 38364837 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
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Butchart L, Parsa S. Narrative Medicine Theory and Practice: the Double Helix Model. Med Humanit 2024; 50:153-161. [PMID: 37852746 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The genesis of the medical humanities as a discrete academic discipline engendered a need for a theoretical framework, a function taken on by the growing narrative medicine movement. More recently, scholars have begun to develop a critical medical humanities, an analytical movement that emphasises the fundamental enmeshment of the sciences and humanities. Building on Helene Scott-Fordsmand's work on reversing the medical humanities, this paper develops an alternative to the current version of narrative medicine. We propose a new interpretive heuristic, the Double Helix Model, and place it in critical dialogue with the Columbia School's close reading based-approach. Through this new conceptual frame, we suggest that critical narrative medicine may empower clinicians to contribute to the reorientation of the roles of the sciences and humanities, benefiting providers, scholars and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Butchart
- Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Shabnam Parsa
- Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Hejaz N, Singh R. Narratives of childhood sexual abuse: healing through music in Ian McEwan's On Chesil Beach. Med Humanit 2024; 50:77-85. [PMID: 37932029 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Narratives of survivors or by survivors offer useful and compelling insights into the experiences of abuse and its consequent effect on health. Reading such narratives can help a physician or clinician to understand the complexities of abuse. Furthermore, the critical study of narratives can open multiple therapeutic options for survivors of abuse to cater both their mental health and medical problems. In this article, we deal with the genre of childhood sexual abuse survivor's narrative and its clinical application adding to the discourse of medical humanities and then critically examine one such narrative (On Chesil Beach by Ian McEwan) in particular and explore the therapeutics of music in abused victim's clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Hejaz
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Garisch D, Giddy J, Griffin G, Reid S. Can 'life writing' be therapeutic in response to trauma? An exploratory research project in Medical Humanities in South Africa. Med Humanit 2024; 50:162-169. [PMID: 37802648 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2021-012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of expressive writing has been well researched in the Global North but there is no literature from the Global South. Potentially healing interventions need to be investigated in different contexts, particularly where there is a need to build social cohesion. South Africa has a violent past and is a highly stressed society. An exploration of self-reports by a diverse group of South Africans on the effects of life writing on their health and well-being was conducted using qualitative methods. Twenty members of a writing collective, the Life Righting Collective (LRC: www.liferighting.co.za), were purposively sampled and interviewed by medical students as part of a Medical Humanities special study module. Five major interconnected themes emerged. The LRC as a specific intervention was central to the benefits described. The findings of this study indicated that life writing is a useful non-medical, cost-efficient method to improve resilience to trauma, as well as improving the psychological well-being of the participants. In addition, participants reported positive experiences regarding personal development, overall wellness and mental health, and that life writing can engender a sense of community. Resource-constrained countries in the Global South, like South Africa, where there have been historical and ongoing multiple traumas, need interventions for healing and wellness that are low cost and can be replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Garisch
- Life Righting Collective, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janet Giddy
- Life Righting Collective, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Steve Reid
- Primary Health Care, University of Cape Town FHS, Cape Town, South Africa
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Balbuena Rivera F. Laing and Rogers in London: An unfortunate meeting or something else? Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:6-12. [PMID: 37387461 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231183302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the summer of 1978 a large 1-day event was scheduled to take place in the Grand Ballroom at the Hilton Hotel in Park Lane, London between the psychotherapists Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987), and his associates, and Ronald D. Laing (1927-1989) and his group. From among all the eyewitness accounts of that meeting, I have found only the testimonies of Maureen O'Hara, Ian Cunningham, Charles Elliot, and Emmy van Deurzen. According to O'Hara, Laing behaved in a rude, impolite, and aggressive way toward his American colleague Rogers. For his part, Cunningham says that Rogers came over as he had expected: a genuinely nice, caring, humane person. Laing, though, was even more impressive in person than in his books. Similarly, Elliot observes that Laing and Rogers held a genuine encounter, one in which both sat like two real mutually respecting persons who asked each other questions, while the perspective of van Deurzen is more in line with that of O'Hara than that of Elliot. AIMS Taking into account the different versions given on the Laing-Rogers event, I will analyze whether this encounter was only an unfortunate meeting or something else. METHODS Narrative review; combining eyewitness accounts with the few sources found in the literature on this topic. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS As I will show here, all these accounts taken jointly paint a picture of Laing as a brilliant clinician and as a terrible man. Without exculpating Laing for committing all sorts of mischief, I will offer a tentative account of his behavior sustained by his own psychic dynamics. In doing so, I will attempt to explain why Laing reacted in so censurable a way, going beyond Thomas S. Szasz's (1920-2012) condemnation in his essay on antipsychiatry, which gives credence only to O'Hara's version without quoting more sources or posing more questions.
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Sommer J, Bideau M, Corajod JY. Agissons pour la santé de la planète en faveur de la santé de l’humanité. Rev Med Suisse 2024; 20:279-280. [PMID: 38299962 DOI: 10.53738/revmed.2024.20.859.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sommer
- Interniste généraliste, Institut universitaire de médecine de famille et de l'enfance, Faculté de médecine de Genève
| | - Martine Bideau
- Pédiatre, chargée d'enseignement, Institut universitaire de médecine de famille et de l'enfance, Faculté de médecine de Genève, co-présidente de la Société genevoise de pédiatrie
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Singh S, Kumar M, Kumar A, Verma BK, Abhishek K, Selvarajan S. Efficient pneumonia detection using Vision Transformers on chest X-rays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2487. [PMID: 38291130 PMCID: PMC10827725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a widespread and acute respiratory infection that impacts people of all ages. Early detection and treatment of pneumonia are essential for avoiding complications and enhancing clinical results. We can reduce mortality, improve healthcare efficiency, and contribute to the global battle against a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries by devising and deploying effective detection methods. Detecting pneumonia is not only a medical necessity but also a humanitarian imperative and a technological frontier. Chest X-rays are a frequently used imaging modality for diagnosing pneumonia. This paper examines in detail a cutting-edge method for detecting pneumonia implemented on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture on a public dataset of chest X-rays available on Kaggle. To acquire global context and spatial relationships from chest X-ray images, the proposed framework deploys the ViT model, which integrates self-attention mechanisms and transformer architecture. According to our experimentation with the proposed Vision Transformer-based framework, it achieves a higher accuracy of 97.61%, sensitivity of 95%, and specificity of 98% in detecting pneumonia from chest X-rays. The ViT model is preferable for capturing global context, comprehending spatial relationships, and processing images that have different resolutions. The framework establishes its efficacy as a robust pneumonia detection solution by surpassing convolutional neural network (CNN) based architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India
| | - Abhay Kumar
- National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | | | | | - Shitharth Selvarajan
- School of Built Environment, Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, LS1 3HE, Leeds, UK.
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Sprung C, Einav S, Singer P, van Heerden V, Bar-Lavie Y. Is neutrality superior to humanity? Lancet 2024; 403:142-143. [PMID: 38141629 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sprung
- General Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Einav
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hod HaSharon Maccabi Healthcare Services, Hod HaSharon, Israel
| | - Pierre Singer
- Intensive Care Unit, Herzlia Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vernon van Heerden
- General Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yaron Bar-Lavie
- Israeli Society of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel; Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
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Ling SD, Keane JP. Climate-driven invasion and incipient warnings of kelp ecosystem collapse. Nat Commun 2024; 15:400. [PMID: 38195631 PMCID: PMC10776680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is progressively redistributing species towards the Earth's poles, indicating widespread potential for ecosystem collapse. Detecting early-warning-signals and enacting adaptation measures is therefore a key imperative for humanity. However, detecting early-warning signals has remained elusive and has focused on exceptionally high-frequency and/ or long-term time-series, which are generally unattainable for most ecosystems that are under-sampled and already impacted by warming. Here, we show that a catastrophic phase-shift in kelp ecosystems, caused by range-extension of an overgrazing sea urchin, also propagates poleward. Critically, we show that incipient spatial-pattern-formations of kelp overgrazing are detectable well-in-advance of collapse along temperate reefs in the ocean warming hotspot of south-eastern Australia. Demonstrating poleward progression of collapse over 15 years, these early-warning 'incipient barrens' are now widespread along 500 km of coast with projections indicating that half of all kelp beds within this range-extension region will collapse by ~2030. Overgrazing was positively associated with deep boulder-reefs, yet negatively associated with predatory lobsters and subordinate abalone competitors, which have both been intensively fished. Climate-driven collapse of ecosystems is occurring; however, by looking equatorward, space-for-time substitutions can enable practical detection of early-warning spatial-pattern-formations, allowing local climate adaptation measures to be enacted in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Ling
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - John P Keane
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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van Hove M, Davey P, Gopfert A. Role of public health professionals in the climate and ecological crisis: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076280. [PMID: 38191257 PMCID: PMC10806806 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The climate and ecological emergency is the single biggest health threat facing humanity, yet it is not clear to what extent the public health workforce have been involved in work on this topic. This research aimed to establish what public health consultants working in local authorities in England perceive their role to be, whether the climate crisis is seen as a core component of public health and to identify barriers to action. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample (n=11) of local authority public health consultants in England. Participants were recruited via public health organisations, social media or snowballing. Thematic content analysis was used to identify codes and themes. RESULTS Public health professionals have started work on climate change but reported being unclear about their role and feeling isolated working on this topic. Barriers to action included shortage of financial resources, communication tools and capacity, limited sharing of best practice, lack of local expertise and conflict between the need for action on climate change and other urgent issues. CONCLUSION We highlight the need to urgently address existing barriers to enable this important part of the public health workforce to play their role in tackling the climate and ecological crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria van Hove
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, School of Medicine, Exeter, UK
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Davey
- Division of Population Health Health Services Research & Primary Care, Manchester, UK
| | - Anya Gopfert
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, School of Medicine, Exeter, UK
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Piccoli GB. Humans, humanism, humanities. A commitment. J Nephrol 2024; 37:1-2. [PMID: 38436889 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
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Cabey WV, Strand NK, Marshall E. What Might It Mean to Embrace Emancipatory Pedagogy in Medical Education? AMA J Ethics 2024; 26:E48-53. [PMID: 38180858 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
An emerging and important goal of professional health training and education is to develop a workforce that is equipped to address patients' social and structural determinants of health and to contribute to health equity. However, current medical education does not adequately achieve this vision. Emancipatory teaching, as described by scholars such as Paulo Freire and bell hooks, equips students with tools to identify and challenge oppressive systems. It helps students achieve freedom for themselves, thereby contributing to more emancipatory and humanistic patient care. Changing teaching in this way would help reverse implicit curricular values that tend to enshrine hierarchy and oppression. Humanities and bioethics scholars working within health professional schools thus should promote a more critical, emancipatory pedagogy in their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney V Cabey
- Assistant professor in the Center for Urban Bioethics at Temple University's Lewis Katz School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolle K Strand
- Associate professor in the Center for Urban Bioethics at Temple University's Lewis Katz School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin Marshall
- Research associate at Temple University's Center for Urban Bioethics at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Knopp MI, Warm EJ, Weber D, Kelleher M, Kinnear B, Schumacher DJ, Santen SA, Mendonça E, Turner L. AI-Enabled Medical Education: Threads of Change, Promising Futures, and Risky Realities Across Four Potential Future Worlds. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e50373. [PMID: 38145471 PMCID: PMC10786199 DOI: 10.2196/50373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) development and advancement is quickly outpacing society's ability to determine its future role. As AI continues to transform various aspects of our lives, one critical question arises for medical education: what will be the nature of education, teaching, and learning in a future world where the acquisition, retention, and application of knowledge in the traditional sense are fundamentally altered by AI? OBJECTIVE The purpose of this perspective is to plan for the intersection of health care and medical education in the future. METHODS We used GPT-4 and scenario-based strategic planning techniques to craft 4 hypothetical future worlds influenced by AI's integration into health care and medical education. This method, used by organizations such as Shell and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, assesses readiness for alternative futures and effectively manages uncertainty, risk, and opportunity. The detailed scenarios provide insights into potential environments the medical profession may face and lay the foundation for hypothesis generation and idea-building regarding responsible AI implementation. RESULTS The following 4 worlds were created using OpenAI's GPT model: AI Harmony, AI conflict, The world of Ecological Balance, and Existential Risk. Risks include disinformation and misinformation, loss of privacy, widening inequity, erosion of human autonomy, and ethical dilemmas. Benefits involve improved efficiency, personalized interventions, enhanced collaboration, early detection, and accelerated research. CONCLUSIONS To ensure responsible AI use, the authors suggest focusing on 3 key areas: developing a robust ethical framework, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and investing in education and training. A strong ethical framework emphasizes patient safety, privacy, and autonomy while promoting equity and inclusivity. Interdisciplinary collaboration encourages cooperation among various experts in developing and implementing AI technologies, ensuring that they address the complex needs and challenges in health care and medical education. Investing in education and training prepares professionals and trainees with necessary skills and knowledge to effectively use and critically evaluate AI technologies. The integration of AI in health care and medical education presents a critical juncture between transformative advancements and significant risks. By working together to address both immediate and long-term risks and consequences, we can ensure that AI integration leads to a more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous future for both health care and medical education. As we engage with AI technologies, our collective actions will ultimately determine the state of the future of health care and medical education to harness AI's power while ensuring the safety and well-being of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Knopp
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eric J Warm
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danielle Weber
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Kelleher
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Kinnear
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel J Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sally A Santen
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eneida Mendonça
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laurah Turner
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Abstract
Digitalisation has changed the way we understand and practice health. The recent pandemic has accelerated some of the developments in digital health and brought about modifications in public access to information. Taking this into consideration, this programmatic paper sets the stage for and conceptualises postdigital health practices as a possible field of inquiry within medical humanities. While delineating some central aspects of said practices, I draw attention to their significance in contemporary strategies of knowledge production. Spotlighting online environments as the point of ingress for the analysis of these practices, I propose three possible foci of critical and methodological engagement. By spotlighting the serialisation, multimodality, and transmediality of such environments, I argue, we have a chance to both augment and go beyond the field's long-standing preoccupation with narrative, attend to various strategies of communicating illness experience, and re-frame them within larger questions of systemic inequalities. On this basis, and taking as examples COVID-19 and Long COVID, I sketch some of the directions that future strands of medical humanities may take and some of the questions we still have to ask for the field to overcome its own biases and blind spots.
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Saffran L, Doobay-Persaud A. 'You just emotionally break': understanding COVID-19 narratives through public health humanities. Med Humanit 2023; 49:537-544. [PMID: 37419677 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2022-012607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
News reports that feature the experiences of healthcare workers have shaped public conversations about the pandemic from its earliest days. For many, stories of the pandemic have been an introduction to the way public health emergencies intersect with cultural, social, structural, political and spiritual determinants. Such stories often feature clinicians and other providers as characters in pandemic tales of heroism, tragedy and, increasingly, frustration. Examining three common categories of provider-focused news narratives-the clinician as a uniquely vulnerable front-line worker, clinician frustration with vaccine and masking resistance, and the clinician as a hero-the authors argue that the framework of public health humanities offers useful tools to understand and potentially shift public conversation of the pandemic. Close reading of these stories illuminates frames that relate to the role of providers, responsibility for the spread of the virus and how the US health system functions in a global context. Public conversations of the pandemic are shaped by and shape news stories and have important implications for policy. Acknowledging that contemporary health humanities in all its iterations considers how non-clinical factors, such as culture, embodiment and power, impact our understanding of health, illness and healthcare delivery, the authors locate their argument amid critiques that focus on social and structural factors. They argue that it is still possible to shift our understanding of and telling of those stories towards a more population-focused frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Saffran
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashti Doobay-Persaud
- Department of Medicine and Medical Education, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Medical humanities has tended first and foremost to be associated with the ways in which the arts and humanities help us to understand health. However, this is not the only or necessarily the primary aim of our field. What the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed above all is what the field of critical medical humanities has insisted on: the deep entanglement of social, cultural, historical life with the biomedical. The pandemic has been a time for reinstating the power of expertise of a particular kind, focusing on epidemiology, scientific modelling of potential outcomes and vaccine development. All of this delivered by science at speed.It has been challenging for medical humanities researchers to find purchase in these debates with insights from our more contemplative, 'slow research' approaches. However, as the height of the crisis passes, our field might now be coming into its own. The pandemic, as well as being productive of scientific expertise, also demonstrated clearly the meaning of culture: that it is not a static entity, but is produced and evolves through interaction and relationship. Taking a longer view, we can see the emergence of a certain 'COVID-19 culture' characterised by entanglements between expert knowledge, social media, the economy, educational progress, risk to health services and people in their socio-economic, political ethnic and religious/spiritual contexts. It is the role of medical humanities to pay attention to those interactions and to examine how they play out in the human experience and potential impact of the pandemic. However, to survive and grow in significance within the field of healthcare research, we need to engage not just to comment. There is a need for medical humanities scholars to assert our expertise in interdisciplinary research, fully engaged with experts by experience, and to work proactively with funders to demonstrate our value.
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Kieslich K, Fiske A, Gaille M, Galasso I, Geiger S, Hangel N, Horn R, Lanzing M, Libert S, Lievevrouw E, Lucivero F, Marelli L, Prainsack B, Schönweitz F, Sharon T, Spahl W, Van Hoyweghen I, Zimmermann BM. Solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a nine-country interview study in Europe. Med Humanit 2023; 49:511-520. [PMID: 37277183 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2022-012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Calls for solidarity have been an ubiquitous feature in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we know little about how people have thought of and practised solidarity in their everyday lives since the beginning of the pandemic. What role does solidarity play in people's lives, how does it relate to COVID-19 public health measures and how has it changed in different phases of the pandemic? Situated within the medical humanities at the intersection of philosophy, bioethics, social sciences and policy studies, this article explores how the practice-based understanding of solidarity formulated by Prainsack and Buyx helps shed light on these questions. Drawing on 643 qualitative interviews carried out in two phases (April-May 2020 and October 2020) in nine European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, German-speaking Switzerland and the UK), the data show that interpersonal acts of solidarity are important, but that they are not sustainable without consistent support at the institutional level. As the pandemic progressed, respondents expressed a longing for more institutionalised forms of solidarity. We argue that the medical humanities have much to gain from directing their attention to individual health issues, and to collective experiences of health or illness. The analysis of experiences through a collective lens such as solidarity offers unique insights to understandings of the individual and the collective. We propose three essential advances for research in the medical humanities that can help uncover collective experiences of disease and health crises: (1) an empirical and practice-oriented approach alongside more normative approaches; (2) the confidence to make recommendations for practice and policymaking and (3) the pursuit of cross-national and multidisciplinary research collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kieslich
- Centre for the Study of Contemporary Solidarity, Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelia Fiske
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Gaille
- Institut des sciences humaines et sociales, CNRS, Paris, France
- SPHERE (Sciences, Philosophie, Histoire), CNRS/Université de Paris/Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Galasso
- College of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susi Geiger
- College of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nora Hangel
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Leibniz Center for Science and Society, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Horn
- Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute for Ethics and History of Health in Society, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marjolein Lanzing
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Libert
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Lievevrouw
- Life Sciences & Society Lab, Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Lucivero
- Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luca Marelli
- Life Sciences & Society Lab, Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Centre for the Study of Contemporary Solidarity, Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Schönweitz
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamar Sharon
- Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies and Interdisciplinary Hub for Digitalisation and Society, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda Spahl
- Centre for the Study of Contemporary Solidarity, Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ine Van Hoyweghen
- Life Sciences & Society Lab, Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bettina M Zimmermann
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
This essay argues that emerging forms of translational work in the field of medical humanities offer valuable methods for engaging with communities outside of academic settings. The first section of the essay provides a synthetic overview of definitions and critical engagements with the concept of 'translation' in the context of medical humanities, a field that, in the wake of the COVID pandemic, can serve as an exemplar for other fields of the humanities. The second section explains the 'data/narrative' divide in medicine and health to demonstrate the need for new translational methodologies that can address this nexus of concern, particularly in collaboration with constituencies outside of academic settings. The third section maps out the sites and infrastructures where digital medical humanities is poised to make significant translational interventions. The final section of the essay considers data privacy and health ecology as conceptual frameworks that are necessary for bridging the data/narrative divide. Examples are drawn from the 'Translational Humanities for Public Health' website, which aggregates projects worldwide to demonstrate these emerging methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ostherr
- Medical Humanities Research Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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32
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Mellor N. Cripping the pain scale: literary and biomedical narratives of pain assessment. Med Humanit 2023; 49:593-603. [PMID: 37130743 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2022-012484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article analyses the literary representation of pain scales and assessment in two chronic pain narratives: 'The Pain Scale', a lyric essay by Eula Biss, and essays from Sonya Huber's collection Pain Woman Takes Your Keys, and Other Essays from a Nervous System Establishing first a brief history of methods attempting to quantify pain before my close reading, I read both Biss' and Huber's accounts as performative explorations of the limitations of using linear pain scales for pain which is recursive and enduring. Considering both texts as cripistemologies of chronic pain, my literary analysis attends to their criticism of the pain scale, including its implicit reliance on imagination and memory, and how its unidimensionality and synchronic focus prove inadequate for lasting pain. For Biss, this surfaces as a quiet critique of numbers and a disturbance of their fixity, while Huber's criticism employs the motif of pain's legibility across multiple bodies to spell out alternative meanings of chronic pain.Crucially, this article proposes a crip and embodied approach for reading and responding to accounts of chronic pain's measurement, including Biss' and Huber's literary accounts, and the biomedical account of pains scales which this article reads alongside them. The article's analysis draws on my personal experience of chronic pain, neurodivergence and disability to demonstrate the generativity of an embodied approach to literary analysis. Rather than bowing to the impulse to impose false coherence on my reading of Biss and Huber, my article foregrounds the impact of the re-reading, misreading, cognitive dissonance and breaks necessitated by chronic pain and processing delays on this analysis. In bringing an ostensibly crip methodology to bear on readings of chronic pain, I hope to invigorate discussions on reading, writing and knowing chronic pain in the critical medical humanities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neko Mellor
- School of English, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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33
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Pietrzak-Franger M, Elsner AM. Medical Humanities in Transition. Med Humanit 2023; 49:501-502. [PMID: 38114274 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Elsner
- School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
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34
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Achenbaum WA. Four Past Path-Builders Incorporated the Humanities and Arts Into Gerontology's Scientific Frontiers. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1575-1580. [PMID: 37070432 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Scholars and practitioners in the humanities and arts are collaborating with bio-medico-psycho-social scientists and clinicians in projects that illuminate current understandings of how "aging" processes unfold and what they may mean in creating the future of the Gerontological Society of America. Moving ahead by connecting backwards, we should emulate past path-builders who imagined an interdisciplinary agenda that incorporated humanistic perspectives as they imparted scientific age-based insights to experts and lay audiences. Elie Metchnikoff, G. Stanley Hall, Robert N. Butler, and Gene D. Cohen demonstrated critical humanist thinking about aging and dying in advancing gerontology's scientific frontiers.
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35
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Watkins S, Raisborough J, Connor R. Aging as Adaptation. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1602-1609. [PMID: 37098134 PMCID: PMC10724042 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional gerontological terms, adaptation is usually understood as the production of physical aids to mitigate the impairment effects caused by age-related disabilities, or as those alterations organizations need to make under the concept of reasonable adjustment to prevent age discrimination (in the UK, e.g., age has been a protected characteristic under the Equality Act since 2010). This article will be the first to examine aging in relation to theories of adaptation within cultural studies and the humanities. It is thus an interdisciplinary intervention within the field of cultural gerontology and cultural theories of adaptation. Adaptation studies in cultural studies and the humanities have moved away from fidelity criticism (the issue of how faithful an adaptation is to its original) toward thinking of adaptation as a creative, improvisational space. We ask if theories of adaptation as understood within cultural studies and the humanities can help us develop a more productive and creative way of conceptualizing the aging process, which reframes aging in terms of transformational and collaborative adaptation. Moreover, for women in particular, this process of adaptation involves engagement with ideas of women's experience that encompass an adaptive, intergenerational understanding of feminism. Our article draws on interviews with the producer and scriptwriter of the Representage theater group's play My Turn Now. The script for the play is adapted from a 1993 coauthored book written by a group of 6 women who were then in their 60s and 70s, who founded a networking group for older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Watkins
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jayne Raisborough
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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36
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Chivers S, Katz S, Kriebernegg U. What's New Is Old: Building Pathways Between the Humanities and Gerontology. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1571-1574. [PMID: 38102076 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Chivers
- Trent Centre for Aging & Society, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Katz
- Department of Sociology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulla Kriebernegg
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Aging and Care, University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
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37
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Wohlmann A. Critique and Postcritique: Analyzing Age Stereotypes in Literary Studies and Health Care. Gerontologist 2023; 63:1638-1644. [PMID: 37279539 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gerontological research shows that stereotypes about older people negatively impact the quality of health care they receive. Therefore, knowledge of ageism is particularly relevant for medical students. Narrative Medicine draws on theory and methods from literary studies to interlace the humanities and medical studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This paper first describes a Narrative Medicine intervention at the University of Southern Denmark where medical students learn about ageism and stereotypes through a presentation of gerontological research results. In addition, literary texts and methods of close reading and reflective writing are employed to help students identify problematic stereotypes. The results of a survey conducted during the intervention suggest that students' awareness about ageism increased. Yet, rather than exploring the results of the survey, this paper's second part uses the intervention as a springboard to self-critically ask what type of humanities approaches, methods and theories are best suited to convey knowledge about ageist stereotypes. The paper sketches 2 approaches within literary studies-critique and postcritique-and applies them to a poem about an older man. RESULTS The paper discusses the gains and limitations of each approach and makes suggestions for how they can be joined with research about age stereotypes. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS To create productive pathways between the humanities and gerontology, the heterogeneity of the humanities-with literary studies as the example-need to be acknowledged. That is, clarity about the differences in humanities-based methods is crucial to establish a firmer ground for their usability in interdisciplinary contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wohlmann
- Department of Language, Culture, History and Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Rasset P, Montalan B, Mange J. Only human after all? a pre-registered study on gaze behavior and humanity attributions to people with facial difference. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295617. [PMID: 38085709 PMCID: PMC10715648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great deal of indirect evidence suggesting that people with facial difference (FD) may be dehumanized. This research aimed to provide direct evidence of the dehumanization of people with FD based on the stigmatizing reactions they elicit. More precisely, previous findings revealed that the specific way people with FD are looked upon is related to the feelings of disgust they elicit. Since disgust fosters dehumanization, our aim was to confirm the modified pattern of visual attention towards people with FD and to determine whether it was also related to humanness perception. For that purpose, a preregistered eye-tracking study (N = 97) using a former experimental design extended to humanity attributions was conducted. This research replicates findings showing that the face of people with FD is explored differently in comparison with other human faces. However, the hypothesis that people with FD were given fewer humanity attributions was not supported. Therefore, the hypothesis of a "dehumanizing gaze" towards people with FD-beyond humanity-related attributions-is discussed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rasset
- Laboratoire de Psychologie: Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C), Université de Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Montalan
- Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (CRFDP UR 7475), Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Jessica Mange
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de Caen Normandie (LPCN UR 7452), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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Govender K, King J, Nyamaruze P, Quinlan T. The role of the social sciences and humanities in pandemic preparedness responses: insights gained from COVID-19, HIV and AIDS and related epidemics. Afr J AIDS Res 2023; 22:269-275. [PMID: 38117747 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2023.2262977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, particularly from 2020 to mid-2022, debilitated the management of the HIV epidemic in Africa. The multiple effects included well-documented HIV service interruptions, curtailment of HIV prevention programmes, the associated marked increase in both the risk for HIV infection among key populations and vulnerability of sub-populations (e.g. adolescent girls and young women) who are the focus of these programmes and - as importantly but less well-documented - the diverse negative socio-economic effects that accentuate HIV risk and vulnerability generally (e.g. loss of earnings, gender-based violence, stigma, police harassment of people during "lockdowns"). The global biomedical response to COVID-19 was necessary and remarkable for mitigating the bio-physical impacts of the pandemic (e.g. wide-spread surveillance coupled with rapid updates on the epidemiology of infections, rapid development of vaccines and revisions of treatment). However, drawing upon the widespread criticisms of state responses to the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and of "lockdowns" themselves, this article elaborates a core argument within those criticisms, namely that key lessons learnt during the HIV and AIDS and other pandemics were ignored, at least during the early stages of COVID-19. Our critique is that better integration of the social sciences and humanities in responses to pandemics can counter the reflex tendency to uncritically adopt a biomedical paradigm and, more importantly, to enable consideration of the social determinants of health in pandemic responses. At root, we re-assert a key value of 'integrated' interventions, namely the accommodation of context-sensitive considerations in the formulation of strategies, policies, plans and programme designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaymarlin Govender
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Patrick Nyamaruze
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tim Quinlan
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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40
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Moffat A. Serving humanity: Volunteering in event health services. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:1028-1029. [PMID: 37872842 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Moffat
- Emergency Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Miao JH. Review of The empathy exams: Essays. Fam Syst Health 2023; 41:550-552. [PMID: 38284975 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Reviews the book The empathy exams: Essays. Empathy is a universally important aspect of both life and medicine that helps cultivate a therapeutic relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, family and loved ones, community members and friends, and beyond. As the times have evolved, empathy has become increasingly essential in not only elevating the quality of patient-centered care but also nurturing meaningful relationships and compassionate bonds among communities and families. Empathy encompasses an emotional understanding of another's pain and suffering and also invites self-reflection and humility. In The Empathy Exams, the author sheds light on the meaning of empathy through her memoir of experiences and perspectives as a nonhealthcare professional, community member, patient, family member, and friend. Even though the author herself does not practice in the medical setting, from the bond between the physician and patient to the empathetic connection between patients and families, The Empathy Exams explores a thematic and insightful discussion on empathy as a lifelong exploration through multidimensional angles from experiencing personal illness to caring for a loved one. Ultimately, The Empathy Exams encourages all-both medical professionals, nonhealthcare communities and families-to reflect and rethink about empathy in themselves, patients, and loved ones, transforming individual pain and suffering into communal hope and humanity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Miao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University
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Wasmuth S, Pritchard KT, Belkiewitz J. Bridging the humanities and health care with theatre: Theory and outcomes of a theatre-based model for enhancing psychiatric care via stigma reduction. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2023; 46:285-292. [PMID: 36548066 DOI: 10.1037/prj0000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the rational, methods, implementation, and effectiveness of Identity Development Evolution and Sharing (IDEAS), an evidence-supported, narrative theater-based training that reduces stigma among health care providers to increase health care equity in psychiatric rehabilitation. METHOD The IDEAS model has been used to reduce provider bias toward patients. From May 2017 to January 2020, we interviewed people from three patient groups who have been harmed by stigma, including Black women, transgender, and gender-diverse people, and people with substance use disorders. These interviews informed the creation of three theatrical scripts that were performed by professional actors for audiences of health care providers from January 2020 to May 2022. The performances aimed to raise conscious awareness of implicit provider biases and to provide a reflective opportunity to ameliorate these biases. The purpose of IDEAS is to improve experiences in health care settings such as psychiatric rehabilitation of patients from groups who have been harmed by stigma. We used paired-samples t tests to compare pre/postprovider stigma, measured via the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S). RESULTS Sociodemographic factors for providers who viewed IDEAS were similar across all three performances. IDEAS significantly decreased AAQ-S scores (t = 11.32, df = 50, M = 13.65, 95% confidence limit: [11.32, 15.97], p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE IDEAS reduces provider stigma to support positive clinical encounters with diverse patient populations. These findings are relevant for psychiatric rehabilitation settings, which seek to establish positive rapport between providers and patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wasmuth
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School and Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Kevin T Pritchard
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Johnna Belkiewitz
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School and Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
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Aluri J, Ker J, Marr B, Kagan H, Stouffer K, Yenawine P, Kelly-Hedrick M, Chisolm MS. The role of arts-based curricula in professional identity formation: results of a qualitative analysis of learner's written reflections. Med Educ Online 2023; 28:2145105. [PMID: 36373894 PMCID: PMC9668275 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2145105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional identity formation is an important aspect of medical education that can be difficult to translate into formal curricula. The role of arts and humanities programs in fostering professional identity formation remains understudied. Analyzing learners' written reflections, we explore the relationship between an arts-based course and themes of professional identity formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cohorts of learners participated in a 5-day online course featuring visual arts-based group activities. Both cohorts responded to a prompt with written reflections at the beginning and end of the course. Using a thematic analysis method, we qualitatively analyzed one set of reflections from each cohort. RESULTS Themes included the nature of the good life; fulfilling, purposeful work; entering the physician role; exploration of emotional experience; and personal growth. Reflections written at the end of the course engaged significantly with art - including literature, poetry, lyrics, and film. One student disclosed a mental illness in their reflection. CONCLUSIONS Our qualitative analysis of reflections written during a visual arts-based course found several themes related to professional identity formation. Such arts-based courses can also enrich learners' reflections and provide a space for learners to be vulnerable. PRACTICE POINTS (five short bullets conveying the main points) Arts-based courses can support learners' professional identity formationReflection themes related to professional identity formation included entering the physician role, fulfilling clinical work, and personal growthAt the end of the course, learners' reflections included significant engagement with artReflective writing in small, arts-based learning communities can provide space for learners to be vulnerableThe Role of Arts-Based Curricula in Professional Identity Formation: Results of A Qualitative Analysis of Learner's Written Reflections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Aluri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University School of Medicine, University Mental Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joyce Ker
- Department of Medicine, Science, Humanities at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bonnie Marr
- Section of Palliative Medicine Division of General Internal Medicine Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Kagan
- Department of Medicine at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with a Secondary Appointment as an Instructor at Weill Cornell College of Medicine Maryland, USA
| | | | - Philip Yenawine
- Visual Thinking Strategies and an Independent Writer and Educator, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Margaret S. Chisolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Berry SL, Klugman CM, Adams CA, Williams AL, Camodeca GM, Leavelle TN, Lamb EG. Health Humanities: A Baseline Survey of Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in North America. J Med Humanit 2023; 44:463-480. [PMID: 37000293 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-023-09790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted a baseline survey of baccalaureate and graduate degree health humanities programs in the United States and Canada. The object of the survey was to formally assess the current state of the field, to gauge what kind of resources individual programs are receiving, and to assess their self-identified needs to become or remain programmatically sustainable, including their views on the potential benefits of program accreditation. A 56-question baseline survey was sent to 111 institutions with baccalaureate programs and 20 institutions with graduate programs. Respondents were asked about three areas: (1) program administration (managing unit, paid director, faculty lines, paid staff, funding sources); (2) educational program (curricular structure, CIP code usage, completion rates); and (3) views on accreditation for the field. A clear majority of respondents agreed that some form of accreditation or consultation service could address resource and sustainability issues. Overall, the survey responses to staffing, curricular structure, and support suggest the need for developing a sustainable infrastructure for health humanities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Berry
- English Department, Public Health Pathway, Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA.
| | - Craig M Klugman
- Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charise Alexander Adams
- Kingfisher Institute for the Liberal Arts and Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anna-Leila Williams
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Gina M Camodeca
- Liberal Arts Department, D'Youville University, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tracy N Leavelle
- Kingfisher Institute for the Liberal Arts and Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Erin G Lamb
- Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang CY, Yu H, Wang SZ, Chen P, Cheng H. The evaluation of online Modified Objective Structured Examination (MOSE) as postgraduate admissions re-examination: A report from Fujian Medical University, China. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1636-1644. [PMID: 37712298 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to explore the successful implementation of online postgraduate admissions re-examination in China, specifically focusing on the Modified Objective Structured Examination (MOSE). It introduced the specific practice of the online postgraduate admissions re-examination in China and investigated the perceptions of applicants, postgraduate supervisors and admissions staffs about the online MOSE re-examination. METHODS Surveys were administrated 3 years after the implementation of online MOSE postgraduate admissions re-examination in China. Separate surveys were conducted with applicants, postgraduate supervisors, and admissions staff members to gather their opinions and suggestions regarding the online MOSE re-examination. RESULTS A total of 65 applicants, 43 postgraduate supervisors and seven admissions staff members completed the surveys. Over 80% of the applicants agreed that the online MOSE comprehensively evaluated their medical humanities, communication, medical knowledge, and overall competence. Furthermore, 89.30% of postgraduate supervisors believed that the students recruited through online MOSE were either "not significantly different," "better," or "much better" compared to those recruited through on-site re-examination. Admissions staff members also expressed a favorable view of online MOSE re-examination. CONCLUSION The online MOSE re-examination is an effective, convenient, and affirmative evaluation method for postgraduate admissions re-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Zhi Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Kehoe TJ, May A, Holbrook C, Barker R, Hill D, Jones H, Moodie R, Varnava A, Westmore A. The past as present in health promotion: the case for a 'public health humanities'. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad163. [PMID: 38128084 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Health promotion is conceived as a unifying concept for improving the health of populations. This means addressing the socio-cultural, economic and commercial causes of ill-health, which are necessarily informed by past policies and socio-cultural contexts. However, historical scholarship has rarely figured in health promotion practice or scholarship. This gap resides in the determinants of health, and notably in the analyses of tobacco control and skin cancer prevention, two long-running campaigns that have shaped modern health promotion in Australia. Both highlight a need for understanding the profound impact of history on the present and the value of learning from past successes and failures. Doing so requires integrating historical analyses into existing health promotion scholarship. To achieve this aim, we present a new 'public health humanities' methodology. This novel interdisciplinary framework is conceived as a spectrum in which historical studies integrate with existing health promotion disciplines to solve complex health problems. We draw on the many calls for more interdisciplinarity in health promotion and derive this methodology from proposals in the medical humanities and cognate fields that have wrestled with combining history and present-focused disciplines. Using tobacco control and skin cancer prevention as case studies, we demonstrate how public health humanities uses interdisciplinary teams and shared research questions to generate valuable new knowledge unavailable with traditional methods. Furthermore, we show how it creates evaluation criteria to consider the powerful impact of issues like colonialism on current inequities that hinder health promotion strategies, and from which lessons may be derived for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kehoe
- Cancer Council of Victoria, 200 Victoria Pde., East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Andrew May
- School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Arts West Building, Arts West - North Wing, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Carolyn Holbrook
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Richie Barker
- School of Communications and Creative Arts, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - David Hill
- Cancer Council of Victoria, 200 Victoria Pde., East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Hayley Jones
- McCabe Centre for Law and Cancer, 200 Victoria Pde., East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Andrekos Varnava
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ann Westmore
- School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Arts West Building, Arts West - North Wing, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Bracken RC, Richman KA, Garden R, Fischbein R, Bhambra R, Ragina N, Dawson S, Cascio A. Developing Disability-Focused Pre-Health and Health Professions Curricula. J Med Humanit 2023; 44:553-576. [PMID: 38099998 PMCID: PMC10733220 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-023-09828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
People with disabilities (PWD) comprise a significant part of the population yet experience some of the most profound health disparities. Among the greatest barriers to quality care are inadequate health professions education related to caring for PWD. Drawing upon the expertise of health professions educators in medicine, public health, nursing, social work, and physician assistant programs, this forum showcases innovative methods for teaching core disability skills and concepts grounded in disability studies and the health humanities. Each of the essays offers practical guidance for developing curricular interventions appropriate for students at various levels of training and familiarity with disability to be implemented in classroom discussions, case-based learning, lectures, panels, and clinical simulations across the full spectrum of pre-health and health professions education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth A Richman
- Center for Health Humanities, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fischbein
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Raman Bhambra
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Neli Ragina
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Shay Dawson
- College of Education and Human Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ariel Cascio
- Center for Bioethics and Social Justice, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Zinilli A, Cerulli G. Link prediction and feature relevance in knowledge networks: A machine learning approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290018. [PMID: 38032965 PMCID: PMC10688692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a supervised machine learning approach to predict partnership formation between universities. We focus on successful joint R&D projects funded by the Horizon 2020 programme in three research domains: Social Sciences and Humanities, Physical and Engineering Sciences, and Life Sciences. We perform two related analyses: link formation prediction, and feature importance detection. In predicting link formation, we consider two settings: one including all features, both exogenous (pertaining to the node) and endogenous (pertaining to the network); and one including only exogenous features (thus removing the network attributes of the nodes). Using out-of-sample cross-validated accuracy, we obtain 91% prediction accuracy when both types of attributes are used, and around 67% when using only the exogenous ones. This proves that partnership predictive power is on average 24% larger for universities already incumbent in the programme than for newcomers (for which network attributes are clearly unknown). As for feature importance, by computing super-learner average partial effects and elasticities, we find that the endogenous attributes are the most relevant in affecting the probability to generate a link, and observe a largely negative elasticity of the link probability to feature changes, fairly uniform across attributes and domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zinilli
- IRCRES-Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth, CNR-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cerulli
- IRCRES-Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth, CNR-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Lowande WFF. Anthropocene, human sciences and historiography. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2023; 30:e2023067. [PMID: 38018638 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The article initially presents an increasingly significant move of discussions about the Anthropocene towards humanities and social sciences. Then, taking as a starting point the proposal that these fields could contribute to the understanding of the "consequential meta-level" of studies on the Anthropocene, it discusses how some works produced in humanities and social sciences have dealt with the relationship between causes, effects and consequences regarding the new planetary regime, with a special focus on the debate about the "technosphere." It concludes by indicating the potential of the "ontological turn" to expand the explanatory and communicative horizons of historiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Francisco Figueiredo Lowande
- Professor, Departamento de História /Universidade Federal de Alfenas; Programa de Pós-graduação em História Ibérica / Universidade Federal de Alfenas . Alfenas - MG - Brasil
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50
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Khwaja A, Bell I, Hadley D, Price H, Turnbull C. Gaza: a plea to reclaim our collective humanity. Lancet 2023; 402:1975. [PMID: 37956692 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khwaja
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK.
| | - Iona Bell
- Gastroenterology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Pembury, UK
| | - Daniel Hadley
- Brighton and Hove West Assessment and Treatment Service, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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