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Lin Y, Shao WW, Wu D, Zhang T, Fei DN, Kong YN, Gao YF, Zhao SC, Liu RL. Spatially confined CuFe 2O 4 nanosphere in N/O-codoped porous carbon mimetics for triple-mode sensing of antibiotics and visual detection of neurotransmitters in biofluids. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1306:342598. [PMID: 38692791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon-based nanozymes have recently received enormous concern, however, there is still a huge challenge for inexpensive and large-scale synthesis of magnetic carbon-based "Two-in-One" mimics with both peroxidase (POD)-like and laccase-like activities, especially their potential applications in multi-mode sensing of antibiotics and neurotransmitters in biofluids. Although some progresses have been made in this field, the feasibility of biomass-derived carbon materials with both POD-like and laccase-like activities by polyatomic doping strategy is still unclear. In addition, multi-mode sensing platform can provide a more reliable result because of the self-validation, self-correction and mutual agreement. Nevertheless, the use of magnetic carbon-based nanozyme sensors for the multi-mode detection of antibiotics and neurotransmitters have not been investigated. RESULTS We herein report a shrimp shell-derived N, O-codoped porous carbon confined magnetic CuFe2O4 nanosphere with outstanding laccase-like and POD-like activities for triple-mode sensing of antibiotic d-penicillamine (D-PA) and chloramphenicol (CPL), as well as colorimetric detection of neurotransmitters in biofluids. The magnetic CuFe2O4/N, O-codoped porous carbon (MCNPC) armored mimetics was successfully fabricated using a combined in-situ coordination and high-temperature crystallization method. The synthesized MCNPC composite with superior POD-like activity can be used for colorimetric/temperature/smartphone-based triple-mode detection of D-PA and CPL in goat serum. Importantly, the MCNPC nanozyme can also be used for colorimetric analysis of dopamine and epinephrine in human urine. SIGNIFICANCE This work not only offered a novel strategy to large-scale, cheap synthesize magnetic carbon-based "Two-in-One" armored mimetics, but also established the highly sensitive and selective platforms for triple-mode monitoring D-PA and CPL, as well as colorimetric analysis of neurotransmitters in biofluids without any tanglesome sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Wan-Wan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Gao
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Shu-Chang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Rui-Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China.
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Beroukhim G, Esencan E, Seifer DB. Impact of sleep patterns upon female neuroendocrinology and reproductive outcomes: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:16. [PMID: 35042515 PMCID: PMC8764829 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is vital to human bodily function. Growing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation, disruption, dysrhythmia, and disorders are associated with impaired reproductive function and poor clinical outcomes in women. These associations are largely mediated by molecular-genetic and hormonal pathways, which are crucial for the complex and time sensitive processes of hormone synthesis/secretion, folliculogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and menstruation. Pathologic sleep patterns are closely linked to menstrual irregularity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, sub/infertility, and early pregnancy loss. Measures of success with assisted reproductive technology are also lower among women who engage in shift work, or experience sleep disruption or short sleep duration. Extremes of sleep duration, poor sleep quality, sleep disordered breathing, and shift work are also associated with several harmful conditions in pregnancy, including gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders. While accumulating evidence implicates pathologic sleep patterns in impaired reproductive function and poor reproductive outcomes, additional research is needed to determine causality and propose therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Beroukhim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Ecem Esencan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David B Seifer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Xiong Z, Yan J, Shi S. Val158Met polymorphisms of COMT gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters of ADHD in Chinese children and adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27867. [PMID: 34889236 PMCID: PMC8663844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study analyzed the Val158Met polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and adolescents.All the subjects (180 paired ADHD and non-ADHD children and adolescents) were genotyped for the Val158Met polymorphisms of the COMT gene, and determined by the difference of dopamine and noradrenalin from a 1:1 paired case-control study.The frequencies of methionine (A)/A, valine (G)/A, and G/G were 51.67%, 41.11%, and 7.22% in the case group, and 62.22%, 31.11%, and 6.67% in the control group. There was a significant difference in the distribution of all genotypes of the COMT gene between the 2 groups (odds ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.08; χ2 = 7.80, P < .05). The serum concentrations of dopamine and noradrenalin were 1.42 ± 0.34 ng/mL and 177.70 ± 37.92 pg/mL in the case group, and 1.94 ± 0.42 ng/mL and 206.20 ± 42.45 pg/mL in the control group. There were the significant differences in the levels of dopamine and noradrenalin between the 2 groups (dopamine: t = 4.30, P < .01; noradrenalin: t = 2.24, P < .05).Our study suggested that the Val158Met polymorphisms of the COMT gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters were associated with ADHD children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Xiong
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Yan
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhua Shi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fathi D, Abulsoud AI, Saad MA, Nassar NN, Maksimos MM, Rizk SM, Senousy MA. Agomelatine attenuates alcohol craving and withdrawal symptoms by modulating the Notch1 signaling pathway in rats. Life Sci 2021; 284:119904. [PMID: 34453945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Alcohol abuse is a significant causative factor of death worldwide. The Notch1 signaling pathway is involved in alcohol tolerance, withdrawal and dependence. Agomelatine is a known antidepressant acting as a melatonin receptor (MT1/2) agonist and a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-2C antagonist. However, its effects on alcohol cravings and alcohol withdrawal symptoms have not been investigated. In this study, we assessed the possibility of using agomelatine for the treatment of these symptoms in a rat model of alcoholism and the possible role of Notch1 signaling. MAIN METHODS We induced alcoholism in rats using a free-choice drinking model for 60 days. From day 61, free-choice was continued until day 82 for the craving model, whereas only water was offered in the withdrawal model. Meanwhile, the treated groups for both models received agomelatine (50 mg/kg/day) orally from day 61 to 82, followed by behavioral, histopathological and biochemical assessment. KEY FINDINGS Agomelatine treatment caused significant decrease in alcohol consumption with a positive effect on anxiety-like behavior in the open field, memory in the Morris water maze and immobility in the forced swim test. Moreover, agomelatine induced the expression of Notch1 pathway markers, including Notch1, NICD, CREB, CCNE-2, Hes-1, both total and phosphorylated ERK1/2, MMP9, Per2and RGS-2 in the hippocampal formation. By contrast, NMDAR expression was reduced. Furthermore, agomelatine normalized the serum levels of BDNF, cortisol, dopamine and glutamate which were disrupted by alcohol consumption. SIGNIFICANCE Based on these findings, agomelatine reversed alcohol cravings and withdrawal symptoms associated with alcohol dependence by modulating the Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina M Maksimos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt; Institute for Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Burlina A, Giuliani A, Polo G, Gueraldi D, Gragnaniello V, Cazzorla C, Opladen T, Hoffmann G, Blau N, Burlina AP. Detection of 3-O-methyldopa in dried blood spots for neonatal diagnosis of aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency: The northeastern Italian experience. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:56-62. [PMID: 33744095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder of biogenic amine metabolism. Diagnosis requires analysis of neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, AADC enzyme activity analysis, or molecular analysis of the DDC gene. 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) is a key screening biomarker for AADC deficiency. METHODS We describe a rapid method for 3-OMD determination in dried blood spots (DBS) using flow-injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry with NeoBase™ 2 reagents and 13C6-tyrosine as an internal standard, which are routinely used in high-throughput newborn screening. We assessed variability using quality control samples over a range of 3-OMD concentrations. RESULTS Within-day and between-day precision determined with quality control samples demonstrated coefficients of variation <15%. 3-OMD concentrations in 1000 healthy newborns revealed a mean of 1.33 μmol/L (SD ± 0.56, range 0.61-3.05 μmol/L), 100 non-AADC control subjects (age 7 days - 1 year) showed a mean of 1.19 μmol/L (SD ± 0.35-2.00 μmol/L), and 81 patients receiving oral L-Dopa had a mean 3-OMD concentration of 14.90 μmol/L (SD ± 14.18, range 0.4-80.3 μmol/L). A patient with confirmed AADC was retrospectively analyzed and correctly identified (3-OMD 10.51 μmol/L). In April 2020, we started a pilot project for identifying AADC deficiency in DBSs routinely submitted to the expanded newborn screening program. 3-OMD concentrations were measured in 21,867 samples; no patients with AADC deficiency were identified. One newborn had a high 3-OMD concentration due to maternal L-Dopa treatment. DISCUSSION We demonstrated a rapid new method to identify AADC deficiency using reagents and equipment already widely used in newborn screening programs. Although our study is limited, introduction of our method in expanded neonatal screening is feasible and could facilitate deployment of screening, allowing for early diagnosis that is important for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
| | - Antonella Giuliani
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Polo
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Gueraldi
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cazzorla
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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Krishnan RG, Saraswathyamma B. Murexide-derived in vitro electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of neurochemicals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6803-6812. [PMID: 33774711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights the protocol employed for the simultaneous electroanalysis of tryptamine, serotonin and dopamine using a conducting poly-murexide-based electrode. To date, this is the first-of-its-kind report of simultaneous electrochemical determination of these three targets. Features of the developed electrode were identified by employing FE-SEM analysis. Under optimized conditions, the analytes underwent an irreversible electro-oxidation at the modified electrode surface, with a linear range of 0.5-40 μΜ, 0.4-40.4 μΜ and 0.5-40 μΜ for dopamine, serotonin and tryptamine, respectively. The electrolytic medium employed for the sensing was a phosphate-buffered solution with pH 7. The specificity of the developed electrode was also satisfactory in the presence of other biomolecules including L-phenylalanine, L-serine, glucose and ascorbic acid. Thus, the developed murexide-derived conducting-polymer-based electrode was used for the simultaneous sensing of the neurochemicals dopamine, serotonin and tryptamine. Electroanalysis was also demonstrated for these targets in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree G Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
| | - Beena Saraswathyamma
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India.
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Kokulnathan T, Ahmed F, Chen SM, Chen TW, Hasan PMZ, Bilgrami AL, Darwesh R. Rational Confinement of Yttrium Vanadate within Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel: Electrochemical Analysis of Monoamine Neurotransmitter (Dopamine). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10987-10995. [PMID: 33624494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter levels is of tremendous technological demand, which requires more sensitive and selective sensors over a dynamic concentration range. As a use case, we report yttrium vanadate within three-dimensional graphene aerogel (YVO/GA) as a novel electrocatalyst for detecting dopamine (DA). This synergy effect endows YVO/GA nanocomposite with good electrochemical behaviors for DA detection compared to other electrodes. Benefiting from tailorable properties, it provides a large specific surface area, rapid electron transfer, more active sites, good catalytic activity, synergic effect, and high conductivity. The essential analytical parameters were estimated from the calibration plot, such as a limit of detection (1.5 nM) and sensitivity (7.1 μA μM-1 cm-2) with the YVO/GA sensor probe electrochemical approach. The calibration curve was fitted with the correlation coefficient of 0.994 in the DA concentration range from 0.009 to 83 μM, which is denoted as the linear working range. We further demonstrate the proposed YVO/GA sensor's applicability to detect DA in human serum sample with an acceptable recovery range. Our results imply that the developed sensor could be applied to the early analysis of dementia, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Kokulnathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O Box 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P M Z Hasan
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Darwesh
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Elshikh MS, Chen TW, Mani G, Chen SM, Huang PJ, Ali MA, Al-Hemaid FM, Al-Mohaimeed AM. Green sonochemical synthesis and fabrication of cubic MnFe 2O 4 electrocatalyst decorated carbon nitride nanohybrid for neurotransmitter detection in serum samples. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 70:105305. [PMID: 33126185 PMCID: PMC7786591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The binary nanomaterials and graphitic carbon based hybrid has been developed as an important porous nanomaterial for fabricating electrode with applications in non-enzymatic (bio) sensors. We report a fast synthesis of bimetal oxide particles of nano-sized manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) decorated on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) via a high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation method for C (30 kHz and 70 W/cm2). The nanocomposites were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, XPS, EDS, TEM to ascertain the effects of synthesis parameters on structure, and morphology. The MnFe2O4/GCN modified electrode demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity toward the neurotransmitter (5-hydroxytryptamine) detection with a high peak intensity at +0.21 V. The appealing application of the MnFe2O4/GCN/GCE as neurotransmitter sensors is presented and a possible sensing mechanism is analyzed. The constructed electrochemical sensor for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (STN) showed a wide working range (0.1-522.6 μM), high sensitivity (19.377 μA μM-1 cm-2), and nano-molar detection limit (3.1 nM). Moreover, it is worth noting that the MnFe2O4/GCN not only enhanced activity and also promoted the electron transfer rate towards STN detection. The proposed sensor was analyzed for its real-time applications to the detection of STN in rat brain serum, and human blood serum in good satisfactory results was obtained. The results showed promising reproducibility, repeatability, and high stability for neurotransmitter detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - G Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Jui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Jasielski P, Piędel F, Piwek M, Rocka A, Petit V, Rejdak K. Application of Citicoline in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3113. [PMID: 33053828 PMCID: PMC7601330 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citicoline is a chemical compound involved in the synthesis of cell membranes. It also has other, not yet explained functions. Research on the use of citicoline is conducted in neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry. Citicoline is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is often used to enhance cognitive functions. In our article, accessible databases were searched for articles regarding citicoline use in neurological diseases. This article has a systemic review form. After rejecting non-eligible reports, 47 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that citicoline has been proven to be a useful compound in preventing dementia progression. It also enhances cognitive functions among healthy individuals and improves prognosis after stroke. In an animal model of nerve damage and neuropathy, citicoline stimulated regeneration and lessened pain. Among patients who underwent brain trauma, citicoline has an unclear clinical effect. Citicoline has a wide range of effects and could be an essential substance in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Its positive impact on learning and cognitive functions among the healthy population is also worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Jasielski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (F.P.); (M.P.); (A.R.); (V.P.); (K.R.)
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Grosman-Rimon L, Kachel E, McDonald MA, Lalonde SD, Yip P, Ribeiro RVP, Adamson MB, Cherney DZ, Rao V. Association Between Neurohormone Levels and Exercise Testing Measures in Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Supports. ASAIO J 2020; 66:875-880. [PMID: 32740345 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) recipients exhibit impaired exercise capacity. Long-term continuous blood flow also elevates norepinephrine (NE) and aldosterone (Aldo) levels. However, the relationship between exercise capacity and neurohormonal activation has not been elucidated. Our study objective was to assess the association between cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPT) measures and neurohormonal levels in CF-LVAD recipients. Symptom-limited CPT on a treadmill, using the modified Bruce protocol was performed in 15 CF-LVAD recipients. Norepinephrine and Aldo levels were measured, and the association between their levels and CPT measures were assessed. Peak VO2 (13.6 ml/kg/min) and percent age, sex predicted VO2 max (49.4%), and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) (9.0 ± 4.0 ml/beat) were low, whereas minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) slope (35) was elevated. In addition, VO2 at anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT), and O2 pulse values negatively correlated with NE levels. Norepinephrine levels positively correlated with chronotropic responses and heart rate (HR) recovery. Aldo levels in CF-LVAD recipients were not related to any CPT measures. Continuous-flow left ventricular assist device recipients exhibited impaired exercise capacity and chronotropic incompetence (CI). Despite the association of NE levels with chronotropic responses at peak exercise, neither NE levels nor chronotropic responses predicted peak VO2. This suggests that CI may not be the primary factor responsible for the low peak VO2. O2 pulse, which is a combined measure for stroke volume and peripheral oxygen extraction during exercise, was an independent predictor of peak VO2. Future studies should examine the contribution of peripheral factors to exercise capacity limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Grosman-Rimon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Erez Kachel
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Michael A McDonald
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Spencer D Lalonde
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Paul Yip
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Roberto V P Ribeiro
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Mitchell B Adamson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - David Z Cherney
- Leviev Heart Center, Academic Medical Center Hospital, Sheba, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vivek Rao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
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Dou D, Chen QQ, Zhong ZQ, Xia XW, Ding WJ. Regulating the Enteric Nervous System against Obesity in Mice by Electroacupuncture. Neuroimmunomodulation 2020; 27:48-57. [PMID: 32516787 DOI: 10.1159/000506483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The enteric nervous system (ENS) dominates the onset of obesity and has been shown to regulate nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study was performed to investigate the role of electroacupuncture in regulating ENS function in obese mice. Obese mice were obtained by high-fat diet. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and neurotransmitter analysis were used for this purpose. RESULTS Body weight, Lee index, serum lipid, leptin, and adiponectin levels, and other basic indices were significantly ameliorated after electroacupuncture intervention. The pathological ENS scores, serum neurotransmitter levels, and intestinal transit rate were markedly changed in obese mice. Moreover, electroacupuncture promoted the diversity of gut microbiota. No significant differences were observed 21 and 28 days after electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested ENS may be a new treatment approach to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Dou
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiao Qiao Chen
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan-Qiong Zhong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Xia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,
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Baek JY, Trinh TA, Huh W, Song JH, Kim HY, Lim J, Kim J, Choi HJ, Kim TH, Kang KS. Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100624. [PMID: 31635295 PMCID: PMC6843597 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia is common in patients with cancer, mostly as a side effect of chemotherapy. The effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on ameliorating cancer-related symptoms have been studied in animal models and in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to determine optimal conditions for the application of EA to alleviate anorexia, followed by the study of molecular mechanisms affecting its therapeutics. Anorexia was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting cisplatin, which was then followed by EA treatment at CV12, the acupuncture point located in the center of the abdominal midline. Body weight and food intake were measured daily throughout the duration of the study. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the plasma were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Gastrointestinal hormone concentrations were elucidated with ELISA kits. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of ghrelin (GHRL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pro-opiomelanocortin. The expression of c-Fos in the nucleus tractus solitarii was detected using western blotting analysis. The optimal conditions of EA to alleviate anorexia in rats was determined to be 1 unit for intensity and 10 Hz for frequency. EA treatment at CV12 reduced the levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine; as well as stimulated the expression of GHRL and NPY to alleviate cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats. EA stimulation at CV12 could be used to treat cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Tuy An Trinh
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Wonsang Huh
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Jinhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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Vázquez-Guardado A, Barkam S, Peppler M, Biswas A, Dennis W, Das S, Seal S, Chanda D. Enzyme-Free Plasmonic Biosensor for Direct Detection of Neurotransmitter Dopamine from Whole Blood. Nano Lett 2019; 19:449-454. [PMID: 30525676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex biological fluids without pretreatment, separation, or purification impose stringent limitations on the practical deployment of label-free plasmonic biosensors for advanced assays needed in point of care applications. In this work, we present an enzyme-free plasmonic neurotransmitter dopamine biosensor integrated with a microfluidic plasma separator. This integrated device allows the in-line separation of plasma directly from the bloodstream and channels it to the active detection area, where inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles function as local selective dopamine binding sites through strong surface redox reaction. A thorough understanding and engineering of the nanoparticles is carried out to maximize its dopamine sensitivity and selectivity. We obtain detection of dopamine at 100 fM concentration in simulated body fluid and 1 nM directly from blood without any prior sample preparation. The detection selectivity is found to be at least five-times higher compared to the common interfering species. This demonstration shows the feasibility of the practical implementation of the proposed plasmonic system in detection of variety of biomarkers directly from the complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Vázquez-Guardado
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | | | | | - Aritra Biswas
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | - Wessley Dennis
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | | | - Sudipta Seal
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
| | - Debashis Chanda
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida 32826 , United States
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14
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David A, Lange A, Tyler CR, Hill EM. Concentrating mixtures of neuroactive pharmaceuticals and altered neurotransmitter levels in the brain of fish exposed to a wastewater effluent. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:782-790. [PMID: 29202289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish can be exposed to a variety of neuroactive pharmaceuticals via the effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants and concerns have arisen regarding their potential impacts on fish behaviour and ecology. In this study, we investigated the uptake of 14 neuroactive pharmaceuticals from a treated wastewater effluent into blood plasma and brain regions of roach (Rutilus rutilus) after exposure for 15days. We show that a complex mixture of pharmaceuticals including, 6 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, 3 atypical antipsychotics, 2 tricyclic antidepressants and a benzodiazepine, concentrate in different regions of the brain including the telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum and hindbrain of effluent-exposed fish. Pharmaceuticals, with the exception of nordiazepam, were between 3-40 fold higher in brain compared with blood plasma, showing these neuroactive drugs are readily uptaken, into brain tissues in fish. To assess for the potential for any adverse ecotoxicological effects, the effect ratio was calculated from human therapeutic plasma concentrations (HtPCs) and the measured or predicted fish plasma concentrations of pharmaceuticals. After accounting for a safety factor of 1000, the effect ratios indicated that fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, and amitriptyline warrant prioritisation for risk assessment studies. Furthermore, although plasma concentrations of all the pharmaceuticals were between 33 and 5714-fold below HtPCs, alterations in serotonin, glutamate, acetylcholine and tryptophan concentrations were observed in different brain regions of effluent-exposed fish. This study highlights the importance of determining the potential health effects arising from the concentration of complex environmental mixtures in risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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15
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Packer M. Inferential characterization of the dose-response relationships of neurohormonal antagonists in chronic heart failure: A novel approach based on large-scale trials with active comparators. Int J Cardiol 2018; 261:130-133. [PMID: 29548536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines for the treatment of heart failure strongly recommend the use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in all patients with a reduced ejection fraction who can tolerate these drugs. Yet, there is no consensus about the efficacy of low doses of these drugs or the likely shape of the dose-response relationship for these agents. METHODS Inferences were made by examining the effects of drugs in placebo-controlled trials before the protocol-specified opportunity for uptitration and by reassessing the results of large-scale trials with active comparators that inadvertently produced different intensities of neurohormonal blockade. RESULTS In the case of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, low starting doses appear to be effective in many patients, and 3-5 fold increases in dose do not have a mortality advantage over low doses. By contrast, in the case of beta-adrenergic blockers, although low starting doses appear effective in improving outcomes, achievement of target doses may yield substantial incremental mortality benefits, even such doses are accompanied by only small additional decreases in heart rate. CONCLUSION When treating patients with heart failure to reduce mortality, the totality of evidence supports a relatively flat dose-response relationship for inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system but a steep dose-response relationship for beta-adrenergic receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University, Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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Maya N, Evans J, Nasuhoglu D, Isazadeh S, Yargeau V, Metcalfe CD. Evaluation of wastewater treatment by ozonation for reducing the toxicity of contaminants of emerging concern to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:274-284. [PMID: 28815790 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional wastewater treatment technologies are effective at removing many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from municipal wastewater, some contaminants are not removed efficiently. Ozonation may be a treatment option for reducing the concentrations of recalcitrant CECs in wastewater, but this process may generate toxic transformation products. In the present study, we conducted semibatch experiments to ozonate municipal wastewater effluent spiked with 5 commonly detected CECs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether ozonation increased or decreased biological responses indicative of sublethal toxicity in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with extracts prepared from ozonated and nonozonated wastewater effluent. Blood, liver, and brain tissues were collected from the fish at 72 h post injection for analysis of a battery of biomarkers. In fish i.p. injected with the extracts from nonozonated wastewater effluent, significant induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) was observed, but ozonation of the municipal wastewater effluent spiked with CECs significantly reduced this estrogenic response. However, in fish injected with extracts from spiked municipal wastewater effluent after ozonation, the balance of hepatic glutathione in its oxidized (glutathione disulfide [GSSG]) form was altered, indicating oxidative stress. Levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin were significantly elevated in brain tissue from trout injected with the extracts from ozonated spiked municipal wastewater effluent, a biological response that has not been previously reported in fish. Other in vivo biomarkers showed no significant changes across treatments. These results indicate that ozonation reduces the estrogenicity of wastewater, but may increase other sublethal responses. The increase in biomarker responses after ozonation may be because of the formation of biologically active products of transformation of CECs, but further work is needed to confirm this conclusion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:274-284. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maya
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaden Evans
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deniz Nasuhoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siavash Isazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- The School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Jensen JP, Nipper MA, Helms ML, Ford MM, Crabbe JC, Rossi DJ, Finn DA. Ethanol withdrawal-induced dysregulation of neurosteroid levels in plasma, cortex, and hippocampus in genetic animal models of high and low withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2793-2811. [PMID: 28664280 PMCID: PMC5990276 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endogenous γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor (GABAAR)-active neurosteroids (e.g., allopregnanolone) regulate central nervous system excitability and many physiological functions, so fluctuations are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Pertinently, evidence supports an inverse relationship between endogenous GABAAR-active neurosteroid levels and behavioral changes in excitability during ethanol withdrawal (WD). OBJECTIVES The present studies determined mouse genotype differences in ten neurosteroid levels in plasma, cortex, and hippocampus over the time course of ethanol WD in the WD Seizure-Prone (WSP) and WD Seizure-Resistant (WSR) selected lines and in the DBA/2J (DBA) inbred strain. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to simultaneously quantify neurosteroid levels from control-treated male WSP-1, WSR-1, and DBA mice and during 8 and 48 h of WD. RESULTS Combined with our prior work, there was a consistent decrease in plasma allopregnanolone levels at 8 h WD in all three genotypes, an effect that persisted at 48 h WD only in DBA mice. WSR-1 and WSP-1 mice exhibited unexpected divergent changes in cortical neurosteroids at 8 h WD, with the majority of neurosteroids (including allopregnanolone) being significantly decreased in WSR-1 mice, but unaffected or significantly increased in WSP-1 mice. In DBA mice, hippocampal allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone were significantly decreased at 8 h WD. The pattern of significant correlations between allopregnanolone and other GABAAR-active neurosteroid levels differed between controls and withdrawing mice. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol WD dysregulated neurosteroid synthesis. Results in WSP-1 mice suggest that diminished GABAAR function is more important for their high WD phenotype than fluctuations in neurosteroid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah P Jensen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michelle A Nipper
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melinda L Helms
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthew M Ford
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - John C Crabbe
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Deborah A Finn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
- , 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road (R&D-49), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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18
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Solanki RK, Sharma P, Tyagi A, Singh C. Serum Levels of Neuroactive Steroids in First-episode Antipsychotic-naïve Schizophrenic Patients and Its Correlation with Aggression: A Case-control Study. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2017; 27:79-84. [PMID: 28652501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in schizophrenia has been reviewed in the context of the stress-diathesis model. Overactivation of this axis leads to altered blood levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). These neurosteroids in turn act on the hippocampus and interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors leading to neurotoxicity and may be involved in the neurobiology of aggression. This study aimed to explore the blood level of these neurosteroids and ascertain its correlation with state aggression and psychopathology in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenic patients. METHODS A total of 30 patients with first-episode schizophrenia along with 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Both groups were subjected to serum cortisol and DHEA-S measurement after assessment of psychopathology and aggression on a standardised psychometric scale. RESULTS Serum DHEA-S level was significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.001). No difference was noted between males and females in the patient group (p = 0.93) but female controls had a significantly lower serum DHEA-S level than male controls (p < 0.01). Serum DHEA-S inversely correlated with scores on Modified Overt Aggression Scale (p = 0.01) but not with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (p = 0.39) or Clinical Global Impression Scale (p = 0.28). CONCLUSION The first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenic patients showed a significantly higher blood level of DHEA-S compared with healthy controls. Serum DHEA-S level has an inverse relationship with aggression and may serve as a biological adaptive mechanism to antagonise the neuronal damage caused by cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Solanki
- Department of Psychiatry, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Tyagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - C Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Casas S, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Gargiulo-Monachelli GM, Perez AF, Tourreilles M, Mattiazzi M, Ojeda C, Lotero Polesel D, De Nicola AF. Neuroactive Steroids in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Association with Cognitive, Functional, and Neurological Outcomes. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:16-22. [PMID: 27813048 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite several scientific and technological advances, there is no single neuroprotective treatment that can reverse the brain damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Neuroactive steroids are cholesterol-derived hormones that have the ability to modulate the normal and pathologic nervous system employing genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. In this work, we first investigated if AIS affects the plasma concentration of 5 neuroactive steroids (cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and 3α-androstenediol glucuronide). Second, we studied if levels of circulating steroids associate with neurological, cognitive, and functional outcome in a cohort of 60- to 90 year-old male and female patients with AIS. For this purpose, we recruited patients who were hospitalized at the Emergency Room of the Central Military Hospital within the first 24 h after stroke onset. We designed 2 experimental groups, each one composed of 30 control subjects and 30 AIS patients, both males and females. The assessment of neurological deficit was performed with the NIHSS and the tests used for the functional and cognitive status were: (1) modified Rankin Scale; (2) Photo test, and (3) abbreviated Pfeiffer's mental status questionnaire. We observed a significant difference in plasma concentration of cortisol and estradiol between both experimental groups. In the AIS group, higher levels of these neuroactive steroids were associated with more pronounced neurological, cognitive and functional deficits in women compared to men. We propose that in elderly patients, high levels of circulating neuroactive steroids like cortisol and estradiol could potentiate AIS-mediated neuropathology in the ischemic and penumbra areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Casas
- Service of Neurology, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisella M Gargiulo-Monachelli
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres Felipe Perez
- Service of Neurology, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Tourreilles
- Service of Neurology, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Mattiazzi
- Service of Neurology, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Ojeda
- Service of Biochemistry, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Lotero Polesel
- Service of Biochemistry, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Service of Neurology, Cir My 'Dr. Cosme Argerirch' Central Military Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Golabi P, Elsheikh E, Karrar A, Estep JM, Younossi I, Stepanova M, Gerber L, Younossi ZM. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and measures of mental and emotional health in HCV patients treated with ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) with or without ribavirin (RBV). Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5066. [PMID: 27861337 PMCID: PMC5120894 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental and emotional health (MEH) impairment is commonly encountered in hepatitis C patients. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, alterations in neurotransmitter and cytokine levels maybe associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related MEH issues.The aim of the study was to assess association of serum biomarkers with self-reports of MEH in HCV patients before treatment and after achieving sustained virologic response (SVR).The HCV genotype-1-infected patients who achieved SVR at 12 weeks after treatment with ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) were selected. Frozen serum samples from baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and posttreatment week 4 (PTW4) were used to assay 16 cytokines and monoamine neurotransmitters. Validated self-reports were used to assess MEH.Hundred patients were evaluated. Mean age was 53 years (57% male, 86% white). Compared with baseline, emotional well-being and emotional health significantly increased by EOT, and role emotional, emotional well-being, and emotional health significantly increased at PTW4 in the RBV-containing arm (P < 0.05). In patients taking LDV/SOF + RBV, serotonin levels were significantly decreased at PTW4 compared with baseline (P = 0.046). Compared with baseline, there were significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-10 levels at EOT and PTW4 in both treatment groups. The changes in IL-8 also differed significantly between LDV/SOF + RBV and LDV/SOF groups (P < 0.05). Changes in dopamine and tryptophan levels at EOT correlated with increasing emotional health scores, whereas changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at EOT and IL-8 at PTW4 correlated with increasing mental health scores. The neurotransmitters and cytokines were found to be independent predictors of MEH scores in multiple regression analysis.Cytokine and neurotransmitter changes are associated with mental and emotional health. Patient-reported outcome scores change during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Golabi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Elzafir Elsheikh
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Azza Karrar
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - James M. Estep
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Issah Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
| | - Lynn Gerber
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Zobair M. Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
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21
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Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Acaz-Fonseca E, Spezzano R, Giatti S, Caruso D, Viveros MP, Melcangi RC, Garcia-Segura LM. Profiling Neuroactive Steroid Levels After Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3983-3993. [PMID: 27547849 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in humans has rapidly increased in the last ten years. The most common causes are falls and car accidents. Approximately 80 000-90 000 persons per year will suffer some permanent disability as a result of the lesion, and one of the most common symptoms is the decline of hormone levels, also known as post-TBI hormonal deficiency syndrome. This issue has become more and more important, and many studies have focused on shedding some light on it. The hormonal decline affects not only gonadal steroid hormones but also neuroactive steroids, which play an important role in TBI recovery by neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions. The present work used an adolescent close-head murine model to analyze brain and plasma neurosteroid level changes after TBI and to establish correlations with edema and neurological impairments, 2 of the hallmarks of TBI. Our results showed changes in brain pregnenolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 3α-diol levels whereas in plasma, the changes were present in progesterone, DHT, 3α-diol, and 3β-diol. Within them, pregnenolone, progesterone, DHT, and 3α-diol levels positively correlated with edema formation and neurological score, whereas testosterone inversely correlated with these 2 variables. These findings suggest that changes in the brain levels of some neuroactive steroids may contribute to the alterations in brain function caused by the lesion and that plasma levels of some neuroactive steroids could be good candidates of blood markers to predict TBI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Estefania Acaz-Fonseca
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Spezzano
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria-Paz Viveros
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal (A.B.L.-R., E.A.-F., L.M.G.-S.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II) (A.B.L.-R., M.-P.V.), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (P.S., S.G., D.C., R.C.M.), Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bennett GA, Palliser HK, Walker D, Hirst J. Severity and timing: How prenatal stress exposure affects glial developmental, emotional behavioural and plasma neurosteroid responses in guinea pig offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 70:47-57. [PMID: 27155257 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress has been associated with a variety of developmental changes in offspring, notably those associated with brain development and subsequent risk for neuropathologies later in life. Recently, the importance of the timing and the severity of the stressor during pregnancy has been emphasized with neurosteroids including allopregnanolone implicated in the regulation of stress and also for endogenous neuroprotection in offspring. Prenatal stress was induced using strobe light exposure in pregnant guinea pigs (term 71days) in three defined stress exposure groups (Gestational Age (GA)35-65, GA50-65 and GA60-65). Stress was induced for 2h (9-11am) every 5days via strobe light exposure. A fetal cohort were euthanased at term with fetal brains and plasma collected. Anxiety-like behaviour was evaluated at 18 days of age in a separate cohort of offspring with brains and plasma collected at 21days of age. Markers for mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes were measured in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the subcortical white matter. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone was measured by radioimmunoassay in offspring plasma. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, fetuses from all stress groups showed reduced expression of mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes. By juvenility, all male stress exposure groups had recovered to levels of unaffected controls with the exception of the GA35-65 stress group. In juvenile females, mature oligodendrocyte marker expression was reduced in all stress groups and reactive astrocyte expression was reduced in the GA35-65 and GA60-65 stress groups by juvenility. Increased reactive astrocyte expression was also apparent in the subcortical white matter in both sexes both at term and at juvenility. Prenatally stressed offspring spent less time exploring in the object exploration test and also entered the inner zone of the open field less than controls at 18days of age. Circulating allopregnanolone concentrations were significantly reduced in GA35-65 and GA 60-65 stress exposed fetuses with those in the GA35-65 stress group remaining reduced by juvenility. This study has shown the effects of differing levels of prenatal stress severity and timing on glial development, emotional behaviour and plasma allopregnanolone concentrations in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer A Bennett
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Palliser
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Walker
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Chien YH, Chen PW, Lee NC, Hsieh WS, Chiu PC, Hwu WL, Tsai FJ, Lin SP, Chu SY, Jong YJ, Chao MC. 3-O-methyldopa levels in newborns: Result of newborn screening for aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:259-63. [PMID: 27216367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is often delayed because a cerebrospinal fluid analysis is required to detect a neurotransmitter deficiency. We here demonstrated that an elevated concentration of l-dopa metabolite 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) in dried blood spots could be integrated into newborn screening program to precisely predict AADC deficiency. METHODS After obtaining parental consent, an additional spot was punched from newborn filter paper, eluted, cleaned, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Newborns with a 3-OMD concentration exceeding 500ng/mL were referred for confirmatory testing. RESULTS From September 2013 to December 2015, 127,987 newborns were screened for AADC deficiency. The mean 3-OMD concentration in these newborns was 88.08ng/mL (SD=27.74ng/mL). Four newborns exhibited an elevated 3-OMD concentration (range, 939-3241ng/mL). All four newborns were confirmed to carry two pathologic DDC mutations, indicating an incidence of AADC deficiency of 1:32,000. During the follow-up period, three patients developed typical symptoms of AADC deficiency. Among 16 newborns with mildly elevated 3-OMD levels, six were heterozygous for the DDC IVS6+4A>T mutation. CONCLUSION Newborn screening of AADC deficiency was achieved with a 100% positive-predictive rate. An association for gestational age could be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chin Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yin Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chyn Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Charitakis E, Walfridsson U, Nyström F, Nylander E, Strömberg A, Alehagen U, Walfridsson H. Symptom burden, Metabolic profile, Ultrasound findings, Rhythm, neurohormonal activation, haemodynamics and health-related quality of life in patients with atrial Fibrillation (SMURF): a protocol for an observational study with a randomised interventional component. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008723. [PMID: 26692555 PMCID: PMC4691757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5-2%. It is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke and is estimated to cause about 20-25% of all stroke cases. AF has a great impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, one unresolved issue related to AF is the wide variation in its symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The symptom burden, metabolic profile, ultrasound findings, rhythm, neurohormonal activation, haemodynamics and HRQoL in patients with AF (Symptom burden, Metabolic profile, Ultrasound findings, Rhythm, neurohormonal activation, haemodynamics and health-related quality of life in patients with atrial Fibrillation, SMURF) study is a prospective observational, cohort study, with a randomised interventional part. The aim of the study is to investigate, in patients with AF, the relationship between symptom burden and metabolic aspects, atrial function and different neurohormones, and the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The interventional part of the study will give an insight into the neurohormonal and intracardiac pressure changes directly after initiation of AF. Consecutive patients with symptomatic AF accepted for treatment with RFA for the first time at Linköping University Hospital are eligible for participation. The enrolment started in January 2012, and a total of 200 patients are to be included into the study, with 45 of them being enrolled into the interventional study with initiation of AF. The sample size of the interventional study is based on a small pilot study with 5 patients induced to AF while 2 served as controls. The results indicated that, in order to find a statistically significant difference, there was a need to include 28 patients; for safety reasons, 45 patients will be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The SMURF study is approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. The results will be presented through peer-review journals and conference presentation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01553045; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Charitakis
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulla Walfridsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nyström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Nylander
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Walfridsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Oosterhof CA, El Mansari M, Bundgaard C, Blier P. Brexpiprazole Alters Monoaminergic Systems following Repeated Administration: an in Vivo Electrophysiological Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv111. [PMID: 26428352 PMCID: PMC4815476 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brexpiprazole was recently approved as adjunctive therapy for depression and treatment of schizophrenia in adults. To complement results from a previous study in which its acute effects were characterized, the present study assessed the effect of repeated brexpiprazole administration on monoaminergic systems. METHODS Brexpiprazole (1mg/kg, subcutaneous) or vehicle was administered once daily for 2 and 14 days. Single-unit electrophysiological recordings from noradrenaline neurons in the locus coeruleus, serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus CA3 region were obtained in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats under chloral hydrate anesthesia within 4 hours after final dosing. RESULTS Brexpiprazole blunted D2 autoreceptor responsiveness, while firing activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons remained unaltered. Brexpiprazole increased the firing rate of locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons and increased noradrenaline tone on α2-adrenergic receptors in the hippocampus. Administration of brexpiprazole for 2 but not 14 days increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In the hippocampus, serotonin1A receptor blockade significantly disinhibited pyramidal neurons after 2- and 14-day brexpiprazole administration. In contrast, no significant disinhibition occurred after 24-hour washout or acute brexpiprazole. CONCLUSIONS Repeated brexpiprazole administration resulted in a marked occupancy of D2 autoreceptors, while discharge activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons remained unaltered. Brexpiprazole enhanced serotonergic and noradrenergic tone in the hippocampus, effects common to antidepressant agents. Together, these results provide further insight in the neural mechanisms by which brexpiprazole exerts antidepressant and antipsychotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Oosterhof
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard).
| | - Mostafa El Mansari
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
| | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
| | - Pierre Blier
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
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Jiang Y, Lian Y, Tao N, Ge H, Liu J. [Effect of occupational stress on neurotransmitters in petroleum workers]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2015; 44:771-774. [PMID: 26591773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of occupational stress on neurotransmitters in petroleum workers. METHODS 178 petroleum workers with the length of service ≥ 1 year were recruited to the subjects by the questionnaire of OSI-R. The levels of 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in serum were measured. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to the scores of occupational stress. RESULTS The levels of 5-HT NE and SP for over 15 working years were higher than those of less than 15 years (P < 0. 05). There were differences (P < 0. 05) on 5-HT, NE, NPY and SP in different occupational stress degree groups, multiple comparison showed high. occupational stress group was higher than those of low occupational stress group. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the occupational stress and sleep quality component scores correlated positively with the 5-HT, NE and SP (P < 0. 05) and correlated inversely with NPY in petroleum workers (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION Occupational stress in petroleum workers is correlated with serum monoamine and neuropeptides neurotransmitters, and it may affect serum levels of monoamine and neuropeptides neurotransmitters.
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Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. New steps forward in the neuroactive steroid field. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:127-34. [PMID: 25797031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence accumulated in recent years suggests that the systemic treatment with neuroactive steroids, or the pharmacological modulation of its production by brain cells, represent therapeutic options to promote neuroprotection. However, new findings, which are reviewed in this paper, suggest that the factors to be considered for the design of possible therapies based on neuroactive steroids are more complex than previously thought. Thus, although as recently reported, the nervous system regulates neuroactive steroid synthesis and metabolism in adaptation to modifications in peripheral steroidogenesis, the neuroactive steroid levels in the brain do not fully reflect its levels in plasma. Even, in some cases, neuroactive steroid level modifications occurring in the nervous tissues, under physiological and pathological conditions, are in the opposite direction than in the periphery. This suggests that the systemic treatment with these molecules may have unexpected outcomes on neural steroid levels. In addition, the multiple metabolic pathways and signaling mechanisms of neuroactive steroids, which may change from one brain region to another, together with the existence of regional and sex differences in its neural levels are additional sources of complexity that should be clarified. This complexity in the levels and actions of these molecules may explain why in some cases these molecules have detrimental rather than beneficial actions for the nervous system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid Perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang M, Qin DN, Suo YP, Su Q, Li HB, Miao YW, Guo J, Feng ZP, Qi J, Gao HL, Mu JJ, Zhu GQ, Kang YM. Endogenous hydrogen peroxide in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus regulates neurohormonal excitation in high salt-induced hypertension. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:206-15. [PMID: 25891026 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain plays an important role in the progression of hypertension and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major component of ROS. The aim of this study is to explore whether endogenous H2O2 changed by polyethylene glycol-catalase (PEG-CAT) and aminotriazole (ATZ) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates neurotransmitters, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and cytokines, and whether subsequently affects the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in high salt-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) or a normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl) for 10 weeks. Then rats were treated with bilateral PVN microinjection of PEG-CAT (0.2 i.u./50nl), an analog of endogenous catalase, the catalase inhibitor ATZ (10nmol/50nl) or vehicle. High salt-fed rats had significantly increased MAP, RSNA, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs). In addition, rats with high-salt diet had higher levels of NOX-2, NOX-4 (subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), glutamate and NE, and lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the PVN than normal diet rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of PEG-CAT attenuated the levels of RAS and restored the balance of neurotransmitters and cytokines, while microinjection of ATZ into the PVN augmented those changes occurring in hypertensive rats. Our findings demonstrate that ROS component H2O2 in the PVN regulating MAP and RSNA are partly due to modulate neurotransmitters, renin-angiotensin system, and cytokines within the PVN in salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Da-Nian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yu-Ping Suo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Wang Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Judd LL, Janowsky DS. Effects of narcotics and narcotic antagonists on affective disorders, schizophrenia and serum neurohormones. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 2015; 17:213-25. [PMID: 6120452 DOI: 10.1159/000402417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pennell KD, Woodin MA, Pennell PB. Quantification of neurosteroids during pregnancy using selective ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 95:24-31. [PMID: 25541057 PMCID: PMC4323841 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques used to quantify neurosteroids in biological samples are often compromised by non-specificity and limited dynamic range which can result in erroneous results. A relatively rapid and inexpensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously measure nine neurosteroids, including allopregnanolone, estradiol, and progesterone, as well as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in plasma samples collected from adult women subjects during and after pregnancy. Sample preparation involved solid-phase extraction and derivatization, followed by automated injection on a GC equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) operated in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode to yield a run time of less than 11min. Method detection limits for all neurosteroids ranged from 30 to 200pg/mL (parts per trillion), with coefficients of variation that ranged from 3% to 5% based on intra-assay comparisons run in triplicate. Although concentrations of estradiol measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) were consistent with values determined by GC-MS values, CIA yielded considerable higher values of progesterone, suggesting antibody cross reactions resulting from low specificity. Mean neurosteroid levels and representative time-course data demonstrate the ability of the method to quantify changes in multiple neurosteroids during pregnancy, including rapid declines in neurosteroid levels associated with delivery. This simplified GC-MS method holds particular promise for research and clinical laboratories that require simultaneous quantification of multiple neurosteroids, but lack the resources and expertise to support advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Pennell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
| | - Mark A Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, United States; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Page B Pennell
- Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our prior publication suggested that elevated serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was protective against the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) while an inflammatory response was contributory to its development. The use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase inhibitors ("statins") may be of interest to those traveling to altitude-these medications will lower serum LDL concentrations, but are also reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS Prior to flying from sea level to the South Pole (∼10,498.7 ft or 3200 m) during the austral summer months of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, the 248 subjects provided informed consent. Questionnaires related to AMS symptoms, acetazolamide use, personal history, and anthropometrics were paired with results from blood samples. Statin use was reported by six subjects who were matched for age, sex, altitude of residence, and acetazolamide use with seven subjects not using a statin. RESULTS No significant differences were identified in any of the matched variables between the groups. No statin users reported symptoms of AMS while 57% of participants not using a statin did report AMS symptoms (P = 0.03). No significant difference was noted between LDL levels in the statin group (108.3 ± 61.0) as compared to the group not taking statins (104.6 ± 22.1) (P = 0.88). DISCUSSION Our previous results suggested that elevated LDL was protective while an inflammatory response was contributory with respect to AMS development. The present results suggest that statin use may provide protection against AMS symptoms, possibly through an anti-inflammatory property, despite its lipid-lowering capacity. Harrison MF, Johnson BD. Statin use and the development of acute mountain sickness.
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Jiang P, Zhang LH, Cai HL, Li HD, Liu YP, Tang MM, Dang RL, Zhu WY, Xue Y, He X. Neurochemical effects of chronic administration of calcitriol in rats. Nutrients 2014; 6:6048-59. [PMID: 25533012 PMCID: PMC4277014 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating data showing the various neurological actions of vitamin D (VD), its effects on brain neurochemistry are still far from fully understood. To further investigate the neurochemical influence of VD, we assessed neurotransmitter systems in the brain of rats following 6-week calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) administration (50 ng/kg/day or 100 ng/kg/day). Both the two doses of calcitriol enhanced VDR protein level without affecting serum calcium and phosphate status. Rats treated with calcitriol, especially with the higher dose, exhibited elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) status. Correspondingly, the mRNA expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 67 was increased. 100 ng/kg of calcitriol administration also increased glutamate and glutamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, but did not alter glutamine synthetase (GS) expression. Additionally, calcitriol treatment promoted tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) expression without changing dopamine and serotonin status. However, the concentrations of the metabolites of dopamine and serotonin were increased and the drug use also resulted in a significant rise of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression, which might be responsible to maintain the homeostasis of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Collectively, the present study firstly showed the effects of calcitriol in the major neurotransmitter systems, providing new evidence for the role of VD in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Hua-Lin Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Huan-De Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Rui-Li Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Wen-Ye Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Ying Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Buglioni A, Burnett JC. Pathophysiology and the cardiorenal connection in heart failure. Circulating hormones: biomarkers or mediators. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 443:3-8. [PMID: 25445413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by a complex pathophysiology which involves multiple organ systems, with the kidney playing a major role. HF can present with reduced ejection fraction (EF), HFrEF, or with preserved EF (HFpEF). The interplay between diverse organ systems contributing to HF is mediated by the activation of counteracting neurohormonal pathways focused to re-establishing hemodynamic homeostasis. During early stages of HF, these biochemical signals, consisting mostly of hormones and neurotransmitters secreted by a variety of cell types, are compensatory and the patient is asymptomatic. However, with disease progression, the attempt to reverse or delay cardiac dysfunction is deleterious, leading to multi-organ congestion, fibrosis and decompensation and finally symptomatic HF. In conclusion, these neurohormonal pathways mediate the evolution of HF and have become a way to monitor HF. Specifically, these mediators have become important in the diagnosis and prognosis of this highly fatal cardiovascular disease. Finally, while these multiple neurohumoral factors serve as important HF biomarkers, they can also be targeted for more effective and curative HF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Buglioni
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Molina-Carballo A, Justicia-Martínez F, Moreno-Madrid F, Cubero-Millán I, Machado-Casas I, Moreno-García L, León J, Luna-Del-Castillo JDD, Uberos J, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Differential responses of two related neurosteroids to methylphenidate based on ADHD subtype and the presence of depressive symptomatology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3635-45. [PMID: 24599397 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with alterations in the prefrontal cortex via dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Neurosteroids (e.g. allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) modulate the release of multiple neurotransmitters. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the baseline concentrations and daily variations in allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the effect of chronic administration of methylphenidate on clinical symptoms and on the concentrations of these two neurosteroids. METHODS We included 148 children aged 5 to 14 years, subdivided into two groups: ADHD group (n = 107, with a diagnosis of ADHD (DSM-IV-TR criteria), further classified in subtypes by an "attention deficit and hyperactivity scale" and subgroups by the "Children's Depression Inventory") and a control group (n = 41). The clinical workup included blood samples that were drawn at 20:00 and 09:00 hours, at inclusion in both groups, and after 4.61 ± 2.29 months of treatment only in the ADHD group, for measurements for allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Factorial analysis, adjusted for age and gender, was performed by using Stata 12.0. RESULTS Methylphenidate induced the doubling of allopregnanolone levels in the predominantly inattentive ADHD patients without depressive symptoms (27.26 ± 12.90 vs. 12.67 ± 6.22 ng/ml, morning values). Although without statistical differences, baseline dehydroepiandrosterone levels were higher and slightly increased after methylphenidate in the ADHD subtype with depressive symptoms (7.74 ± 11.46 vs. 6.18 ± 5.99 ng/ml, in the morning), opposite to the lower baseline levels, and further decrease after methylphenidate in the inattentive subtype with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Different neurosteroids may have different baseline concentrations and differential responses to methylphenidate treatment as a function of ADHD subtype and subgroup. These differential responses may be a clinical marker of ADHD subtype and/or co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Servicio de Neuropediatría, Neuropsicología y Atención Temprana, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Complejo Hospitalario Granada, Granada, Spain,
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Zhao X, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang W. [Effects of dichloromethane exposure on neuro-behavior, neurotransmitter, and biochemical indices]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2014; 32:280-281. [PMID: 24754944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Zhan Y, Tian H, Zhang Q, Zhu X, Cao L, Su J, Xu T, Zhu H, Liu L. [Analysis of correlation between occupational stress and serum monoamine neurotransmitters in nurses]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2014; 32:96-99. [PMID: 24630006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of occupational stress on serum monoamine neurotransmitters in nurses. METHODS A total of 131 nurses were included as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling. The occupational health information collection system (based on the Internet of things) was used to measure occupational stress. Serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were also measured. RESULTS Epinephrine (E) was negatively correlated with superior support (P < 0.05) and colleague support (P < 0.05). Negative correlation was also found between dopamine (DA) and job prospect (P < 0.05). Level of 5-hydroxytryptamine was negatively correlated with promotion opportunities (P < 0.05). Norepinephrine (NE), E, and DA were all negatively correlated with work satisfaction (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with daily stress (P < 0.01). NE and E were negatively correlated with sufficient confidence (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with physical complaints (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between NE and psychological satisfaction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Occupational stress in nurses is correlated with serum monoamine neurotransmitters, and it may affect serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Zhan
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, NO.87 Ding Jiaqiao Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Meng YH, Wang QH, Yang BY, Yang ZX, Wang YY, Wang ZB, Kuang HX. [Study on drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus based on rat stress gastric ulcer model with cold syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:498-502. [PMID: 24946555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus. METHOD The rat cold syndrome model was induced by cold water stress method. The content of neurotransmitters sand hormones such as DA, 5-HT, NE, AChE and 17-OHCS in serum of model rats were taken as the indexes to evaluate drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus. RESULT Euodiae Fructus and its components could correct or relief the content of energy metabolism and substance metabolism-related neurotransmitters sand hormones in serum of model rats with water-stressed cold syndrome. CONCLUSION Euodiae Fructus and its components are proved to show hot property.
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Abstract
Chronic heart failure is increasing in incidence and prevalence. Recent advances in medical therapy have improved prognosis such that, even in patients with chronic heart failure who are New York Heart Association Classes III and IV, annual mortality can be as low as 11.4%. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk, despite optimal disease-modifying medical therapy, and it would seem appropriate that these patients are considered first for appropriate device therapy or for the scarce resource of cardiac transplantation. Many parameters have been assessed for their prognostic potential in patients with chronic heart failure. In this review, pertinent studies investigating anemia, right-heart hemodynamics and neurohormones as prognostic markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy S Gardner
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF, UK.
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Gao H, Shang YZ, Xia T, Qiao MQ, Zhang HY, Ma YX. The correlation between neurosteroids and neurotransmitters with liver yang rising and liver qi stagnation types of premenstrual syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:913-7. [PMID: 25211539 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.943726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate neural-reproductive hormonal basis of liver yang rising (LYR), liver qi stagnation (LQS) premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and to develop standardized diagnostic criteria for PMS. METHODS HPLC, HPLC-MC, ELISA and radioimmunoassay were used to compare levels of serum hormones, plasma neurotransmitters and neurosteroids between LYR PMS patients, LQS PMS patients and healthy controls (30 subjects in each group). RESULTS Of the measures, all three groups exhibited no significant differences during the follicular phase. In contrast, during the luteal phase, LYR PMS testosterone levels tended to be higher than controls, while dopamine and 5-HT of the LYR PMS group were significantly higher. Conversely, γ-aminobutyric acid in the LYR PMS group was significantly lower than controls (p < 0.05). On the other hand, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in both PMS groups were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05), while pregnenolone and allopregnanolone of LYR and LQS groups were significantly lower than controls, with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) being significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05). The ratios of DHEA/allopregnanolone and DHEA/pregnenolone of both PMS groups were significantly higher than the control group, with the LYR PMS group ratios being significantly higher than in the LQS PMS group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The decrease in pregnenolone and allopregnenolone, increase in DHEA, DHEA/allopregnanolone and DHEA/pregnenolone during the luteal phase may be one of the biological bases for anger in LYR PMS patients and depression in LQS PMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College Chengde Hebei
| | - Ya Zhen Shang
- b Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College Chengde Hebei
| | - Tian Xia
- c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin, University of Traditional Chinese Tianjin
| | - Ming Qi Qiao
- d Basic Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong
| | - Hui Yun Zhang
- d Basic Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong
| | - Yue Xiang Ma
- d Basic Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong
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Cesarelli M, Romano M, Maestri R, La Rovere MT, Bifulco P, D'Addio G. Correlation between symbolic dynamics analysis indexes and neurohormonal and functional parameters in heart failure patients. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 205:516-520. [PMID: 25160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a cardiac disease associated with prominent alterations in the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system and high neurohormonal activation levels. Useful assessment tools may be heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and/or the study of norepinephrine (NPE) level. Nevertheless, traditional techniques of HRV analysis have proved not sufficient and the second is an invasive measurement. In this work the correlation between a parameter (kurtosis-K) computed by an emerging nonlinear technique, the symbolic dynamics analysis, and neurohormonal and functional parameters has been investigated. Results obtained show an interesting relationship between K and both ejection fraction and NPE. In particular, higher K values are associated to increasing NPE levels This finding could be useful for highlighting changes in HF patients otherwise detectable only with invasive examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Romano
- DIETI, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Bioengineering Dpt, S. Maugeri Foundation, Montescano, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bifulco
- DIETI, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Yuan HW, Zhang N, Wang CX, Shi YZ, Qi D, Luo BY, Wang YJ. [The association between plasma neurotransmitters levels and depression in acute hemorrhagic stroke]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2013; 52:675-678. [PMID: 24199885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relation between plasma neurotransmitters (Glutamic acid, GAA; γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA; 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT; and noradrenaline, NE) and depression in acute hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS Objectives were screened from consecutive hospitalized patients with acute stroke. Fasting blood samples were taken on the day next to hospital admission, and neurotransmitters were examined by the liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) was used to diagnose depression at two weeks after onset of stroke. The modified Ranking Scale (mRS) was followed up at 1 year. Pearson test was used to analyse the correlation between serum concentration of neurotransmitters and the Hamilton Depression scale-17-items (HAMD-17) score. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relation of serum concentration of neurotransmitters and depression and outcome of stroke. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-one patients were included in this study. GABA significantly decreased [6.1(5.0-8.2) µg/L vs 8.1(6.3-14.7) µg/L, P < 0.05] in patients with depression in hemorrhagic stroke, and there was no significant difference in GAA, 5-HT, or NE. GABA concentration was negatively correlated with HAMD-17 score (r = -0.131, P < 0.05); while concentration of serum GABA rose by 1 µg/L, risk of depression in acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke was reduced by 5.6% (OR 0.944, 95%CI 0.893-0.997). While concentration of serum GAA rose by 1 µg/L, risk of worse outcome at 1 year was raised by 0.1%, although a statistic level was on marginal status (OR 1.001, 95%CI 1.000-1.002). CONCLUSIONS In patients with depression in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke, there was a significant reduction in plasma GABA concentration. GABA may have a protective effect on depression in acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke. Increased concentrations of serum GAA may increase the risk of worse outcomes at 1 year after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-wu Yuan
- Department of Neurology of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Wang L, Liu R, Song L. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) modulating the neurotransmitters release in Eriocheir sinensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:101-106. [PMID: 23603236 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The SOCS proteins appear to define an important mechanism for the negative regulation of the cytokine-JAK-STAT pathway. In the present study, the mRNA expression profiles of a SOCS2 from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (EsSOCS2) after pentachlorophenol (PCP) treatment or RNA interference (RNAi) were analyzed to understand its possible regulatory roles in modulating the neurotransmitter release. The EsSOCS2 expression level in the PCP treated group was significantly higher than that of blank at 1.5, 3, 12 and 24 h after exposure, suggesting that EsSOCS2 might be involved in controlling and reducing neuronal cell damage resulted from PCP treatment. After the expression of EsSOCS2 gene was silenced by RNAi, the concentrations of catecholamines and nitric oxide (NO) were examined to evaluate the modulation of EsSOCS2 on the release of neurotransmitters. At 48 h after the treatment with sequence-specific dsRNA targeting EsSOCS2, the expression of EsSOCS2 was reduced to half compared to the original level, and the concentrations of norepinephrine and NO increased, while dopamine decreased significantly in haemolymph. The preliminary results indicated that EsSOCS2 regulated catecholaminergic neuroendocrine system to release catecholamines into haemolymph and might be an important feedback inhibitor of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in crab, which subsequently regulated NO synthesis and prevented excessive NO release. This information is helpful to further understand the modulation of EsSOCS2 on neurotransmitter release in crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Leon-Sarmiento FE, Granadillo E, Bayona EA. [Present and future of the transcranial magnetic stimulation]. Invest Clin 2013; 54:74-89. [PMID: 23781715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic stimulation has called the attention of neuroscientists and the public due to the possibility to stimulate and "control" the nervous system in a non-invasive way. It has helped to make more accurate diagnosis, and apply more effective treatments and rehabilitation protocols in several diseases that affect the nervous system. Likewise, this novel tool has increased our knowledge about complex neural behavior, its connections as well as its plastic modulation. Magnetic stimulation applied in simple or paired-pulse protocols is a useful alternative in the diagnosis of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, dystonia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and sleep disorders. From the therapeutic perspective, magnetic stimulation applied repetitively has been found useful, with different degrees of efficacy, in treating resistant depression, tinnitus, psychogenic dysphonia, Alzheimer disease, autism, Parkinson disease, dystonia, stroke, epilepsy, generalized anxiety as well as post traumatic stress disorder, auditory hallucinations, chronic pain, aphasias, obsessive-compulsive disorders, L-dopa induced dyskynesia, mania and Rasmussen syndrome, among others. The potential of magnetic stimulation in neurorehabilitation is outstanding, with excellent range of safety and, in practical terms, without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidias E Leon-Sarmiento
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Costanza A, D'Orta I, Perroud N, Burkhardt S, Malafosse A, Mangin P, La Harpe R. Neurobiology of suicide: do biomarkers exist? Int J Legal Med 2013; 128:73-82. [PMID: 23430141 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical risk factors have a low predictive value on suicide. This may explain the increasing interest in potential neurobiological correlates and specific heritable markers of suicide vulnerability. This review aims to present the current neurobiological findings that have been shown to be implicated in suicide completers and to discuss how postmortem studies may be useful in characterizing these individuals. Data on the role of the main neurobiological systems in suicidality, such as the neurotransmitter families, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotrophic factors, and polyamines, are exposed at the different biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Some neuroanatomic and neuropathological aspects as well as their in vivo morphological and functional neuroimaging correlates are also described. Except for the serotoninergic system, particularly with respect to the polymorphism of the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, data did not converge to produce a univocal consensus. The possible limitations of currently published studies are discussed, as well as the scope for long-term prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
This review describes the neuroendocrinological aspects of catamenial epilepsy, a menstrual cycle-related seizure disorder in women with epilepsy. Catamenial epilepsy is a multifaceted neuroendocrine condition in which seizures are clustered around specific points in the menstrual cycle, most often around perimenstrual or periovulatory period. Three types of catamenial seizures (perimenstrual, periovulatory and inadequate luteal) have been identified. The molecular pathophysiology of catamenial epilepsy remains unclear. Cyclical changes in the circulating levels of estrogens and progesterone (P) play a central role in the development of catamenial epilepsy. Endogenous neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (AP) and allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) that modulate seizure susceptibility could play a critical role in catamenial epilepsy. In addition, plasticity in GABA-A receptor subunits could play a role in the enhanced seizure susceptibility in catamenial epilepsy. P-derived neurosteroids such as AP and THDOC potentiate synaptic GABA-A receptor function and also activate extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors in the hippocampus and thus may represent endogenous regulators of catamenial seizure susceptibility. Experimental studies have shown that neurosteroids confer greater seizure protection in animal models of catamenial epilepsy, especially without evident tolerance to their actions during chronic therapy. In the recently completed NIH-sponsored, placebo controlled phase 3 clinical trial, P therapy proved to be beneficial only in women with perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy but not in non-catamenial subjects. Neurosteroid analogs with favorable profile may be useful in the treatment of catamenial epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, MREB Building, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
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Yalta K, Yalta T, Sivri N, Yetkin E. Copeptin and cardiovascular disease: a review of a novel neurohormone. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:1750-9. [PMID: 23298558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormones (NHs) in the cascade of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) system have drawn particular attention in the recent years. Copeptin, the C-terminal portion of provasopressin, is a novel NH of the AVP system, and is known to be co-released with AVP from hypothalamus (neurohypophysis). As a surrogate marker of the AVP system, copeptin has gradually replaced AVP in several clinical studies largely due to its structural and methodological advantages. Copeptin has been regarded as a marker of non-specific stress response, and has also been suggested to have clinical implications in a variety of non-cardiovascular (pneumonia, sepsis, etc.) and cardiovascular conditions (heart failure and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs, etc.)). However, current data on relation of copeptin with other cardiovascular conditions ( arrhythmias, etc.) are still insufficient. The present review primarily focuses on general features of copeptin, its general clinical implications, and specifically aims to cover its potential clinical value in a variety of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Yalta
- Trakya University, Cardiology Department, Edirne, Turkey.
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Abstract
The sequencing of the human genome in the early days of this millennium was greeted with great fanfare as this accomplishment was expected to revolutionize medicine and result in individualized treatments based on the genetic make-up of the patient. The ultimate promise of personalized medicine would be fulfilled with the identification of disease biomarkers that would be widely available for use in diagnosis and treatment. Progress, however, has been slow in providing disease biomarkers or approved diagnostic tests. This is true for major depressive disorder (MDD), despite its prevalence in the general population and the widespread acceptance of its biological basis. Studies using strategies like genome-wide association and candidate gene analyses have identified a number of possible biomarkers of MDD, including serum levels of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines and HPA axis hormones, but none have proven sufficiently powerful for clinical use. The lack of biologically based tests available for use in identifying patients with MDD is a significant impediment to personalized and more effective treatment, because it means diagnosis continues to be driven by subjective symptoms. While genetic studies of MDD have not yet led to diagnostic and treatment biomarkers, progress in determining the role of the genome in drug metabolism heralds the first effort in personalized prescribing for the antidepressants. The FDA suggested and approved genotyping tests for common variants of drug metabolism genes, such as the cytochrome p450s. By using these tests a physician can select an appropriate antidepressant for a given patient, as differences in clearance, half-life, and peak blood concentrations are controlled by genetic variability in drug metabolism. Personalization in drug choice can be achieved because these tests: (1) identify responders and non-responders; (2) provide alerts to possible adverse drug events; and (3) help optimize dose. Improved ways of diagnosing and prescribing effective treatments for MDD are needed, as the available methods are inadequate and symptom based. In the foreseeable future, further interrogation of the genome may serve as the basis for development of new personalized medicine strategies for diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B. Miller
- Corresponding authors. D. B. Miller, Tel.: +1 304 285 5732. J. P. O’Callaghan, Tel.: +1 304 285 6079; fax: +1 304 285 6266. (D.B. Miller), (J.P. O’Callaghan)
| | - James P. O’Callaghan
- Corresponding authors. D. B. Miller, Tel.: +1 304 285 5732. J. P. O’Callaghan, Tel.: +1 304 285 6079; fax: +1 304 285 6266. (D.B. Miller), (J.P. O’Callaghan)
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Czira ME, Wersching H, Baune BT, Berger K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms, neurotransmitter levels, and depressive symptoms in an elderly population. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34:1529-1541. [PMID: 21898033 PMCID: PMC3528367 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have examined associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and depressive symptoms. However, results still remain controversial. Recent studies suggested a significant age and gender effect on the heritability of depression. The potential neurobiological pathways that could possibly mediate this relationship have not been examined so far. Since BDNF is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter production, a mediating role of neurotransmitters seems plausible. The present study aims to examine the association between three common BDNF single-nucleotid polymorphisms (SNPs; rs7103411, rs7124442, and rs6265) and depressive symptoms in a community-based elderly population taking into account the serum levels of four neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine, adrenalin, and noradrenalin, as potential mediating factors. We also examined whether age and gender had a modifying effect on this association. We collected and analyzed the genetic and laboratory data as well as Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scores of 350 community-dwelling elderly individuals (aged 65+ years). We found that the BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was related to the severity of depressive symptoms, and that this association was independent of neurotransmitter levels. Stratified analyses showed that this association was restricted to older individuals (≥74 years) and men. The associations of SNPs rs7103411 or rs7124442 SNP with depressive symptoms were not statistically significant. This study importantly adds to the existing literature by affirming previous assumptions on an age and gender difference in the relation between BDNF genotype and depression. We moreover first-time report a missing mediating role of neurotransmitters in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Czira
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
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Wang X, Sun X, Liu X, Ma W, Xie W, Wang C, Wang D. [Determination of kinds of monoamine neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2012; 41:963-970. [PMID: 23424877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A method detecting norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamineand serotonin in Alzheimer's blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. METHODS C18 column was used, the mobile phase was composed of methanol-water (0.1 mol/ml KH2PO4) (3:97), pH 3.7. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min, fluorescence detection wave length lambdaex was 290 nm and lambdaem was 330 nm, column temperature was room temperature. RESULTS The detection limits were 0.02 nmol/ ml for NE, 0.01 nmol/ml for E, 0.04 nmol/ml for DA, and 0. 02 nmol/ml for 5-HT. RSD was in the range of 2.2% - 4.4%. The recoveries of all analytes were in the range of 82.9% - 93.6%. The linear range was 0.02 - 2.0 nmol/ml for NE, 0.01 - 3.3 nmol/ml for E, 0.04 - 3.6 nmol/ml for DA, and 0.02 - 1.6 nmol/ml for 5-HT. The related coefficient was in the range of 0.9977 - 0.9985. CONCLUSION The assay had been applied successfully to measure the contents of these four monoamines in blood plasma of the Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Wang
- College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Chang J, Rimando A, Pallas M, Camins A, Porquet D, Reeves J, Shukitt-Hale B, Smith MA, Joseph JA, Casadesus G. Low-dose pterostilbene, but not resveratrol, is a potent neuromodulator in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2062-71. [PMID: 21982274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated resveratrol and pterostilbene, a resveratrol derivative, in the protection against age-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism for the favorable effects of resveratrol in the brain remains unclear and information about direct cross-comparisons between these analogs is rare. As such, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of diet-achievable supplementation of resveratrol to that of pterostilbene at improving functional deficits and AD pathology in the SAMP8 mouse, a model of accelerated aging that is increasingly being validated as a model of sporadic and age-related AD. Furthermore we sought to determine the mechanism of action responsible for functional improvements observed by studying cellular stress, inflammation, and pathology markers known to be altered in AD. Two months of pterostilbene diet but not resveratrol significantly improved radial arm water maze function in SAMP8 compared with control-fed animals. Neither resveratrol nor pterostilbene increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression or downstream markers of sirtuin 1 activation. Importantly, markers of cellular stress, inflammation, and AD pathology were positively modulated by pterostilbene but not resveratrol and were associated with upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha expression. Taken together our findings indicate that at equivalent and diet-achievable doses pterostilbene is a more potent modulator of cognition and cellular stress than resveratrol, likely driven by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression and increased lipophilicity due to substitution of hydroxy with methoxy group in pterostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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