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Deng Q, Xia S, Han X, You Y, Huang W, Zhan J. Enhancing the flavour quality of Laiyang pear wine by screening sorbitol-utilizing yeasts and co-fermentation strategies. Food Chem 2024; 449:139213. [PMID: 38631134 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study took a novel approach to address the dual challenges of enhancing the ethanol content and aroma complexity in Laiyang pear wine. It focused on sorbitol as a pivotal element in the strategic selection of yeasts with specific sorbitol-utilization capabilities and their application in co-fermentation strategies. We selected two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (coded as Sc1, Sc2), two Metschnikowia pulcherrima (coded as Mp1, Mp2), and one Pichia terricola (coded as Tp) due to their efficacy as starter cultures. Notably, the Sc2 strain, alone or with Mp2, significantly increased the ethanol content (30% and 16%). Mixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia terricola fermentation improved the ester profiles and beta-damascenone levels (maximum of 150%), while Metschnikowia pulcherrima addition enriched the phenethyl alcohol content (maximum of 330%), diversifying the aroma. This study investigated the efficacy of strategic yeast selection based on sorbitol utilization and co-fermentation methods in enhancing Laiyang pear wine quality and aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yilin You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Shi B, Yuan H, Wang Z, Fan Y, Qin G, Xiaoqian L, Wang L, Tu H, Hou H. Biocontrol activity and potential mechanism of volatile organic compounds from Aspergillus niger strain La2 against pear Valsa canker. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:3010-3021. [PMID: 38318950 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valsa canker caused by Valsa pyri is one of the most destructive diseases of pear, leading to severe yield and economic losses. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytes have important roles in the regulation of plant disease. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol activity of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its antagonistic VOCs against pear Valsa canker. RESULTS Strain La2 exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect against V. pyri. A colonization assay suggested that strain La2 could complete its life cycle on pear twigs. The symptoms of pear Valsa canker were weakened on detached pear twigs after treatment with strain La2. In addition, VOCs from strain La2 also significantly suppressed mycelial growth in V. pyri. Based on the results of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, six possible VOCs produced by strain La2 were detected, of which 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol were the main antagonistic VOCs in terms of their effect on pear Valsa canker in vitro and in vivo. Further results showed that 4-methyl-1-pentanol could destroy the V. pyri hyphal structure and cell membrane integrity. Importantly, the activities of pear defense-related enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced after 4-methyl-1-pentanol treatment in pear twigs, suggesting that 4-methyl-1-pentanol might induce a plant disease resistance response. CONCLUSION Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its VOCs 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol have potential as novel biocontrol agents of pear Valsa canker. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Shi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Zhuoni Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genhong Qin
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaoqian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Tu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Lu Y, Mao X, Wang C, Zheng Y, Duo H, Sun E, Yu H, Chen Z, Zuo C. Inhibition of PbeXTH1 and PbeSEOB1 is required for the Valsa canker resistance contributed by Wall-associated kinase gene MbWAK1. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14330. [PMID: 38698648 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) have been determined to recognize pathogenic signals and initiate plant immune responses. However, the roles of the family members in host resistance against Valsa canker, a serious fungal disease of apples and pears, are largely unknown. Here, we identified MbWAK1 in Malus baccata, a resistant germplasm differentially expressed during infection by Valsa mali (Vm). Over-expression of MbWAK1 enhanced the Valsa canker resistance of apple and pear fruits and 'Duli-G03' (Pyrus betulifolia) suspension cells. A large number of phloem, cell wall, and lipid metabolic process-related genes were differentially expressed in overexpressed suspension cell lines in response to Valsa pyri (Vp) signals. Among these, the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene PbeXTH1 and sieve element occlusion B-like (SEOB) gene PbeSEOB1 were significantly inhibited. Transient expression of PbeXTH1 or PbeSEOB1 compromised the expressional induction of MbWAK1 and the resistance contributed by MbWAK1. In addition, PbeXTH1 and PbeSEOB1 suppressed the immune response induced by MbWAK1. Our results enriched the molecular mechanisms for MbWAK1 against Valsa canker and resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hu Duo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - E Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture, China
| | - Cunwu Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
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4
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Boateng NAS, Ackah M, Wang K, Dzah CS, Zhang H. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals an improved biological control efficacy of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 enhanced with ascorbic acid against the oxidative stress tolerance caused by Penicillium expansum in pears. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 210:108627. [PMID: 38663265 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16, a species of significant ecological importance, has distinctive physiological and biological regulatory systems that aid in its survival and environmental adaptation. The goal of this investigation was to understand the complex interactions between physiological and molecular mechanisms in pear fruits as induced by S. pararoseus Y16. The study investigated the use of S. pararoseus Y16 and ascorbic acid (VC) in combination in controlling blue mold decay in pears via physiological and transcriptomic approach. The study results showed that treatment of S. pararoseus Y16 with 150 μg/mL VC reduced pears blue mold disease incidence from 43% to 11%. Furthermore, the combination of S. pararoseus Y16 and VC significantly inhibited mycelia growth and spore germination of Penicillium expansum in the pear's wounds. The pre-treatment did not impair post-harvest qualities of pear fruit but increased antioxidant enzyme activity specifically polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. The transcriptome analysis further uncovered 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways involved in defense mechanisms and disease resistance. Notable pathways of the DEGs include plant-pathogen interaction, tyrosine metabolism, and hormone signal transduction pathways. The integrative approach with both physiological and transcriptomic tools to investigate postharvest pathology in pear fruits with clarification on how S. pararoseus Y16 enhanced with VC, improved gene expression for disease defense, and create alternative controls strategies for managing postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Adwoa Serwah Boateng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Ho Technical University, P.O. Box HP 217. Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Michael Ackah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Xi H, Fu B, Sheng Q, Luo M, Sun L. Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage RH-42-1 of Erwinia amylovora from Orchard Soil in China. Viruses 2024; 16:509. [PMID: 38675852 PMCID: PMC11054837 DOI: 10.3390/v16040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to pear production worldwide. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are a promising alternative to antibiotics for controlling fire blight. In this study, we isolated a novel bacteriophage, RH-42-1, from Xinjiang, China. We characterized its biological properties, including host range, plaque morphology, infection dynamics, stability, and sensitivity to various chemicals. RH-42-1 infected several E. amylovora strains but not all. It produced clear, uniform plaques and exhibited optimal infectivity at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, reaching a high titer of 9.6 × 109 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. The bacteriophage had a short latent period (10 min), a burst size of 207 PFU/cell, and followed a sigmoidal one-step growth curve. It was stable at temperatures up to 60 °C but declined rapidly at higher temperatures. RH-42-1 remained viable within a pH range of 5 to 9 and was sensitive to extreme pH values. The bacteriophage demonstrates sustained activity upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation for 60 min, albeit with a marginal reduction. In our assays, it exhibited a certain level of resistance to 5% chloroform (CHCl3), 5% isopropanol (C3H8O), and 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which had little effect on its activity, whereas it showed sensitivity to 75% ethanol (C2H5OH). Electron microscopy revealed that RH-42-1 has a tadpole-shaped morphology. Its genome size is 14,942 bp with a GC content of 48.19%. Based on these characteristics, RH-42-1 was identified as a member of the Tectiviridae family, Alphatectivirus genus. This is the first report of a bacteriophage in this genus with activity against E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishen Xi
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Benzhong Fu
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qiang Sheng
- Xinjiang Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Korla 841003, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Liying Sun
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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6
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Holtappels D, Abelson SA, Nouth SC, Rickus GEJ, Amare SZ, Giller JP, Jian DZ, Koskella B. Genomic characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae from Callery pear and the efficiency of associated phages in disease protection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283323. [PMID: 38323825 PMCID: PMC10913373 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02833-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae species complex is a heterogeneous group of plant pathogenic bacteria associated with a wide distribution of plant species. Advances in genomics are revealing the complex evolutionary history of this species complex and the wide array of genetic adaptations underpinning their diverse lifestyles. Here, we genomically characterize two P. syringae isolates collected from diseased Callery pears (Pyrus calleryana) in Berkeley, California in 2019 and 2022. We also isolated a lytic bacteriophage, which we characterized and evaluated for biocontrol efficiency. Using a multilocus sequence analysis and core genome alignment, we classified the P. syringae isolates as members of phylogroup 2, related to other strains previously isolated from Pyrus and Prunus. An analysis of effector proteins demonstrated an evolutionary conservation of effectoromes across isolates classified in PG2 and yet uncovered unique effector profiles for each, including the two newly identified isolates. Whole-genome sequencing of the associated phage uncovered a novel phage genus related to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae phage PHB09 and the Flaumdravirus genus. Finally, using in planta infection assays, we demonstrate that the phage was equally useful in symptom mitigation of immature pear fruit regardless of the Pss strain tested. Overall, this study demonstrates the diversity of P. syringae and their viruses associated with ornamental pear trees, posing spill-over risks to commercial pear trees and the possibility of using phages as biocontrol agents to reduce the impact of disease.IMPORTANCEGlobal change exacerbates the spread and impact of pathogens, especially in agricultural settings. There is a clear need to better monitor the spread and diversity of plant pathogens, including in potential spillover hosts, and for the development of novel and sustainable control strategies. In this study, we characterize the first described strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolated from Callery pear in Berkeley, California from diseased tissues in an urban environment. We show that these strains have divergent virulence profiles from previously described strains and that they can cause disease in commercial pears. Additionally, we describe a novel bacteriophage that is associated with these strains and explore its potential to act as a biocontrol agent. Together, the data presented here demonstrate that ornamental pear trees harbor novel P. syringae pv. syringae isolates that potentially pose a risk to local fruit production, or vice versa-but also provide us with novel associated phages, effective in disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Holtappels
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S. A. Abelson
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S. C. Nouth
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G. E. J. Rickus
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S. Z. Amare
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - J. P. Giller
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - D. Z. Jian
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - B. Koskella
- Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Ham H, Park DS. New Insights and Approach Toward the Genetic Diversity and Strain Typing of Erwinia pyrifoliae Based on rsxC, an Electron Transport Gene. Plant Dis 2024; 108:296-301. [PMID: 37669173 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0475-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia pyrifoliae, a causal agent of black shoot blight in apple and pear trees, is a plant pathogenic bacterium first reported in South Korea. The symptoms of black shoot blight are very similar to those of the fire blight disease in apple and pear trees caused by E. amylovora, as E. pyrifoliae has a genetically very close relationship with E. amylovora. Recently, there have been reports that E. pyrifoliae causes disease in European strawberries, resulting in severe fruit loss that aroused great concern about its spread, distribution, and host range. Therefore, it is essential to establish a trustworthy approach to understanding the distribution patterns of E. pyrifoliae based on the genetic background to strengthen the barrier of potential spreading risks, although advanced methods have been provided to accurately detect E. pyrifoliae and E. amylovora. Consequently, this study discovered a noble and noteworthy gene, rsxC, capable of providing the pathogen genotype by comparing E. pyrifoliae genomic sequences in the international representative genome archive. Different numbers of 40-unit amino acid repeats in this gene among the strains induced intraspecific traits in RsxC. By comparing their repeat pattern, E. pyrifoliae isolates were divided into two main groups, branching into several clades via sequence alignment of 35 E. pyrifoliae isolates from various apple orchards from 2020 to 2021 in South Korea. The newly discovered quadraginta amino acid repeat within this gene would be a valuable genetic touchstone for determining the genotype and distribution pattern of E. pyrifoliae strains, ultimately leading to exploring their evolution. The function of amino acid repeats and the biological significance of strains need to be elucidated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonheui Ham
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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8
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Xu M, Godana EA, Li J, Deng Y, Ma Y, Ya H, Zhang H. Infection of postharvest pear by Penicillium expansum is facilitated by the glycoside hydrolase (eglB) gene. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110465. [PMID: 37980812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The primary reason for postharvest loss is blue mold disease which is mainly caused by Penicillium expansum. Strategies for disease control greatly depend on the understanding of mechanisms of pathogen-fruit interaction. A member of the glycoside hydrolase family, β-glucosidase 1b (eglB), in P. expansum was significantly upregulated during postharvest pear infection. Glycoside hydrolases are a large group of enzymes that can degrade plant cell wall polymers. High homology was found between the glycoside hydrolase superfamily in P. expansum. Functional characterization and analysis of eglB were performed via gene knockout and complementation analysis. Although eglB deletion had no notable effect on P. expansum colony shape or microscopic morphology, it did reduce the production of fungal hyphae, thereby reducing P. expansum's sporulation and patulin (PAT) accumulation. Moreover, the deletion of eglB (ΔeglB) reduced P. expansum pathogenicity in pears. The growth, conidia production, PAT accumulation, and pathogenicity abilities of ΔeglB were restored to that of wild-type P. expansum by complementation of eglB (ΔeglB-C). These findings indicate that eglB contributes to P. expansum's development and pathogenicity. This research is a contribution to the identification of key effectors of fungal pathogenicity for use as targets in fruit safety strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiu Xu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Deng
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Song C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Gao C, Jia Z, Song S, Guan J, Shang Z. Volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 against Penicillium expansum causing blue mold on the Huangguan pear. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127531. [PMID: 37871540 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on Bacillus aryabhattai has mainly focused on bioremediation, biosynthesis, and promotion of plant growth, whereas the function of B. aryabhattai on antifungal activity remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated a biocontrol bacterium with antagonistic activity against post-harvest pathogenic fungi by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VOCs produced by B. aryabhattai in prevention of the development of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in the Huangguan pear, and reveal the inhibitory mechanism against the pathogenic fungi. Using molecular methods, the biocontrol bacterium was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023. 2-Nonanol was identified as the main VOC by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). It showed strong inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination when treated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that 2-nonanol caused abnormal changes in mycelial and conidial ultrastructure. 2-Nonanol also damaged the integrity of fungal cell membranes and reduced the ergosterol content to 44.77% of P. expansum. In addition, the production of secondary metabolites in P. expansum including patulin and citrinin was significantly reduced by 2-nonanol. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2-nonanol modulated the expression of genes involved in development, and conidiation pathways, as well as secondary metabolite biosynthesis including steroid biosynthesis, citrinin production and patulin production. Furthermore, blue mold was completely inhibited by treatment with 0.04 μL mL-1 2-nonanol for 48 h on the Huangguan pear. In conclusion, Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 was identified as a promising and efficient agent for controlling post-harvest diseases via the release of VOCs, and the outcome of this study lays a theoretical foundation for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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10
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Zhang F, Wen S, Wang B, Zhang Z, Liu F, Ye T, Wang K, Hu H, Yang X, Fang W. Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces odonnellii SZF-179 toward Alternaria alternata to Control Pear Black Spot Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17515. [PMID: 38139343 PMCID: PMC10744222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pear black spot disease, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a devastating disease in pears and leads to enormous economic losses worldwide. In this investigation, we isolated a Streptomyces odonnellii SZF-179 from the rhizosphere soil of pear plants in China. Indoor confrontation experiments results showed that both SZF-179 and its aseptic filtrate had excellent inhibitory effects against A. alternata. Afterwards, the main antifungal compound of SZF-179 was identified as polyene, with thermal and pH stability in the environment. A microscopic examination of A. alternata mycelium showed severe morphological abnormalities caused by SZF-179. Protective studies showed that SZF-179 fermentation broth could significantly reduce the diameter of the necrotic lesions on pear leaves by 42.25%. Furthermore, the potential of fermentation broth as a foliar treatment to control black leaf spot was also evaluated. Disease indexes of 'Hosui' and 'Wonwhang' pear plants treated with SZF-179 fermentation broth were lower than that of control plants. Overall, SZF-179 is expected to be developed into a safe and broad-spectrum biocontrol agent. No studies to date have evaluated the utility of S. odonnellii for the control of pear black spot disease; our study fills this research gap. Collectively, our findings provide new insights that will aid the control of pear black spot disease, as well as future studies of S. odonnellii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Wen
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Beibei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Fang Liu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Ting Ye
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Kaimei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongju Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Fang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.)
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11
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Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease that occurs on rosaceous plants, including pears and apples. E. amylovora is indigenous to North America and was spread to the Eurasian continent in the second half of the 20th century through contaminated plant materials. In 2016, fire blight was first observed in Yili, Xinjiang Province, in Northwestern China. Since then, it has spread to most pear-producing regions in Xinjiang Province and parts of Gansu Province. The disease has caused severe damage to China's pear and apple industries, including the 2017 disease epidemic in Korla, Xinjiang, which caused an overall yield reduction of 30 to about 50% in Korla and the destruction of over 1 million pear trees. Over the past few years, a combined effort of research, extension, and education by the Chinese government, scientists, and fruit growers has greatly alleviated outbreaks and epidemics in affected regions while successfully limiting the further spread of fire blight to new geographical regions. Here, we review the occurrence, spread, and damage of this disease to the Chinese fruit industry, as well as the management options used in China and their outcomes. We also discuss future perspectives for restraining the spread and alleviating the damage of fire blight in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peijie Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, U.S.A
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Plant Pathology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Klein-Gordon JM, Johnson KB, Loper JE, Stockwell VO. Contribution of Native Plasmids of Pantoea vagans C9-1 to Epiphytic Fitness and Fire Blight Management on Apple and Pear Flowers and Fruits. Phytopathology 2023; 113:2187-2196. [PMID: 37287124 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0144-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pantoea vagans C9-1 (C9-1) is a biological control bacterium that is applied to apple and pear trees during bloom for suppression of fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Strain C9-1 has three megaplasmids: pPag1, pPag2, and pPag3. Prior bioinformatic studies predicted these megaplasmids have a role in environmental fitness and/or biocontrol efficacy. Plasmid pPag3 is part of the large Pantoea plasmid (LPP-1) group that is present in all Pantoea spp. and has been hypothesized to contribute to environmental colonization and persistence, while pPag2 is less common. We assessed fitness of C9-1 derivatives cured of pPag2 and/or pPag3 on pear and apple flowers and fruit in experimental orchards. We also assessed the ability of a C9-1 derivative lacking pPag3 to reduce populations of E. amylovora on flowers and disease incidence. Previously, we determined that tolerance to stresses imposed in vitro was compromised in derivatives of C9-1 lacking pPag2 and/or pPag3; however, in this study, the loss of pPag2 and/or pPag3 did not consistently reduce the fitness of C9-1 on flowers in orchards. Over the summer, pPag3 contributed to survival of C9-1 on developing apple and pear fruit in two of five trials, whereas loss of pPag2 did not significantly affect survival of C9-1. We also found that loss of pPag3 did not affect C9-1's ability to reduce E. amylovora populations or fire blight incidence on apple flowers. Our findings partially support prior hypotheses that LPP-1 in Pantoea species contributes to persistence on plant surfaces but questions whether LPP-1 facilitates host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie M Klein-Gordon
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Kenneth B Johnson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Joyce E Loper
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Virginia O Stockwell
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330
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13
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Yang X, Deng P, Liu Q, Meng Y, Dong P, Xu L, Huang L. Exploring the efficacy of carvacrol as a biocontrol agent against pear Valsa canker. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 196:105641. [PMID: 37945237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Valsa canker, a fungal disease caused by Valsa pyri, poses a significant threat to the pear industry. Currently, chemical control serves as the primary method to control valsa canker. However, the emergence of resistance can pose a challenge to its effectiveness. Biopesticides are a relatively new option for disease control, but there is limited research on their effects on pear Valsa canker. To determine the effectiveness of different biopesticides, we selected 10 common biopesticides to test their inhibition efficacy and impacts on mycelial growth rate and conidial germination. Results showed that carvacrol had very good antifungal activity; therefore its inhibition mechanisms were further investigated. Electron microscopy and transcriptome data analysis were utilized to examine how carvacrol impeded V. pyri by inducing mycelium deformation, wrinkling, and rupture. Carvacrol also affected plant hormones, thus improving plant resistance to the disease. This study lays the groundwork for the utilization of 10 distinct biopesticides to control V. pyri while elucidating how carvacrol harms the pathogen and prompts the plant defense control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pujiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangguang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Yuan H, Shi B, Wang Z, Qin G, Hou H, Tu H, Wang L. Exploration of the Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus atrophaeus Strain HF1 against Pear Valsa Canker Caused by Valsa pyri. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15477. [PMID: 37895155 PMCID: PMC10607598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valsa pyri-induced pear Valsa canker is among the most prevalent diseases to impact pear quality and yields. Biocontrol strategies to control plant disease represent an attractive alternative to the application of fungicides. In this study, the potential utility of Bacillus atrophaeus strain HF1 was assessed as a biocontrol agent against pear Valsa canker. Strain HF1 suppressed V. pyri mycelium growth by 61.20% and induced the development of malformed hyphae. Both culture filtrate and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from strain HF1 were able to antagonize V. pyri growth. Treatment with strain HF1-derived culture filtrate or VOCs also induced the destruction of hyphal cell membranes. Headspace mixtures prepared from strain HF1 were analyzed, leading to the identification of 27 potential VOCs. Of the thirteen pure chemicals tested, iberverin, hexanoic acid, and 2-methylvaleraldehyde exhibited the strongest antifungal effects on V. pyri, with respective EC50 values of 0.30, 6.65, and 74.07 μL L-1. Fumigation treatment of pear twigs with each of these three compounds was also sufficient to prevent the development of pear Valsa canker. As such, these results demonstrate that B. atrophaeus strain HF1 and the volatile compounds iberverin, hexanoic acid, and 2-methylvaleraldehyde exhibit promise as novel candidate biocontrol agents against pear Valsa canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Bingke Shi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Zhuoni Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Genhong Qin
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hui Hou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongtao Tu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
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15
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Yang Y, He Y, Lv S, Zhu H, Wang T, Wang G, Hong N, Wang L. The PcMYB44-mediated miR397-PcLACs module regulates defence-induced lignification in pear resistance to fungal disease. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:1107-1125. [PMID: 37312259 PMCID: PMC10423334 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by Alternaria alternata and Botryosphaeria dothidea diminish pear yield and quality, and restrict the pear agricultural industry. Lignification is a conserved mechanism for plant resistance against pathogen invasion. The regulatory mechanisms underlying defence-induced lignification in pear in response to fungal pathogen infection remain unknown. In this study, analysis of lignification level and lignin content in pear revealed that A. alternata and B. dothidea induced lignification, and transcriptomics showed that lignin biosynthesis was affected. To explore whether laccases (LACs) mediated by miR397 regulate lignification in pear, we investigated the role of PcmiR397 in repressing the expression of PcLACs using 5'-RNA ligase-mediated-RACE and co-transformation in tobacco. Opposite expression patterns for PcmiR397 and PcLAC target genes were observed in pear in response to pathogens. Transient transformation in pear demonstrated that silencing PcmiR397 and overexpressing a single PcLAC enhanced resistance to pathogens via lignin synthesis. To further reveal the mechanism underpinning the PcMIR397 response of pear to pathogens, the PcMIR397 promoter was analysed, and pMIR397-1039 was found to be inhibited by pathogen infection. The transcription factor PcMYB44 was up-regulated, and it bound to the PcMIR397 promoter and inhibited transcription following pathogen infection. The results demonstrate the role of PcmiR397-PcLACs in broad-spectrum resistance to fungal disease, and the potential role of PcMYB44 involved in the miR397-PcLAC module in regulating defence-induced lignification. The findings provide valuable candidate gene resources and guidance for molecular breeding to improve resistance to fungal disease in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Yang
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying He
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shamei Lv
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haodong Zhu
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ni Hong
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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16
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Ishii H, Shabi E, Nishimura K, Yamaoka Y. Interspecificity of Scab Fungus Isolated from Wild Syrian Pear ( Pyrus syriaca). Plant Dis 2023; 107:1009-1011. [PMID: 37076957 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0955-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Scab on pear is caused by two pathogens, Venturia pyrina on European pear and V. nashicola on Asian pear. Five races of V. pyrina and seven races of V. nashicola have been reported thus far and pathological specialization occurs in both species. Among them, the five race isolates of V. pyrina were previously found from wild Syrian pear. In this study, mating and morphological characteristics of Venturia isolates from Syrian pear were compared with those of isolates from European and Japanese pear cultivated in Japan. The results from mating experiments showed that Syrian pear isolates were compatible with European pear isolates of V. pyrina to produce ascospores but were sterile with V. nashicola isolates in culture. Interestingly, however, the size and shape of conidia collected from naturally infected leaves of Syrian pear resembled those of V. nashicola. This finding may open the way to study coevolution between pear hosts and Venturia spp. in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ishii
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Ezra Shabi
- ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Kumiko Nishimura
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fan J, Xie Z, Qi K, Sun X, Zhang S. Exogenous dopamine improves resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing autophagy activity in pear. Plant Sci 2023; 329:111603. [PMID: 36709003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pear ring rot, a fungal disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), is one of the most damaging diseases in pear production, affecting fruit yield and causing economic losses. It is not clear whether dopamine, one of the catecholamines, has any role in pear ring rot resistance. In this study, we found that dopamine treatment of B. dothidea resulted in a significant upregulation of PbrTYDC expression compared to H2O treatment (control) and reduced the levels of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Superoxide Anion (O2-), increased Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) activities, and induced a significant upregulation of related gene expression. Dopamine treatment promoted the oxidationreduction capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), increased the expression of autophagy-related genes and the accumulation of autophagic structures, and enhanced autophagic activity. Silencing PbrTYDC and PbrATG8 in pear increased H2O2 and·O2-, decreased POD, CAT and SOD activities and reduced resistance to B. dothidea, which was restored by dopamine treatment. In conclusion, exogenous dopamine enhances resistance to B. dothidea by increasing the antioxidant capacity and autophagic activity of pears, and this study provides new insights for subsequent studies on B. dothidea as well as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Agricultural, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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18
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Lee MH, Ham H, Choi HW, Park DS. Isolation of Streptomycin-Resistant Erwinia pyrifoliae in Korea. Plant Dis 2023; 107:616-619. [PMID: 35852904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0553-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a black shoot blight disease-causing agent, Erwinia pyrifoliae was first reported in 1995 in Korea. A total of 101 isolates of E. pyrifoliae were isolated from samples showing bacterial symptoms collected from apple and pear orchards between 2020 and 2021. These isolates were screened for streptomycin resistance, with one from an orchard in Gwangju showing resistance at 100 μg/ml streptomycin. This streptomycin-resistant E. pyrifoliae (EpSmR) isolate was identified via polymerase chain reaction amplification of the strA/strB gene and an internal region of the ribosomal rpsL gene containing codon 43. EpSmR has a point mutation that altered this codon from lysine (AAA) to threonine (ACA). The strA and strB genes were not identified in EpSmR. EpSmR showed a high resistance to streptomycin (>50,000 μg/ml). This is the first study reporting EpSmR, which emerged due to a mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - H Ham
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - H-W Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jin YJ, Lee SY, Kong HG, Yang SI, Ham H, Lee MH, Park DS. Novel Detection and Quantification Approach of Erwinia amylovora In Vitro and In Planta Using SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR Assay. Plant Dis 2023; 107:624-627. [PMID: 35900343 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1227-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora, is a highly destructive disease of apple and pear. Because the apple tree gets systemically infected with E. amylovora and eventually dies, E. amylovora is a considerably important pathogen in the orchard that requires long-term management. In addition, it is crucial to prevent the spread of the pathogen by expeditious diagnosis. In this study, via comparative approaches to the genome sequences of the strains of various Erwinia spp., we designed specific primers targeting a hypothetical gene that is single copy and located in the chromosomal DNA of E. amylovora. This primer set specifically amplified the DNA of E. amylovora but no other bacteria, including E. pyrifoliae, Pectobacterium spp., Pantoea spp., and Dickeya chrysanthemi. Furthermore, the SYBR Green-based real-time PCR using the primer set allowed accurate estimation of the population of E. amylovora. Developing a rapid and accurate diagnostic method using the novel primer set enables effective defense against pathogen spread through continuous monitoring and quick response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ju Jin
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeup Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Kong
- College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Yang
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonheui Ham
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
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Prencipe S, Meloni GR, Nari L, Schiavon G, Spadaro D. Pathogenicity, Molecular Characterization, and Mycotoxigenic Potential of Alternaria spp. Agents of Black Spots on Fruit and Leaves of Pyrus communis in Italy. Phytopathology 2023; 113:309-320. [PMID: 36167507 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-22-0103-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brown and black spots, caused by Stemphylium and Alternaria species, are important fungal diseases affecting European pear (Pyrus communis) in orchards. Both fungal genera cause similar symptoms, which could favor misidentification, but Alternaria spp. are increasingly reported due to the changing climatic conditions. In this study, Alternaria spp. were isolated from symptomatic leaves and fruits of European pear, and their pathogenicity was evaluated on pear fruits from cultivar Abate Fétel, and molecular and chemical characterization were performed. Based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, 15 of 46 isolates were identified as A. arborescens species complex (AASC), 27 as A. alternata, and four as Alternaria sp. Both species were isolated from mature fruits and leaves. In pathogenicity assays on pear fruits, all isolates reproduced the symptoms observed in the field, by both wound inoculation and direct penetration. All but one isolate produced Alternaria toxins on European pears, including tenuazonic acid and alternariol (89.1% of the isolates), alternariol monomethyl ether (89.1%), altertoxin I (80.4%), altenuene (50.0%), and tentoxin (2.2%). These isolates also produced at least two mycotoxins, and 43.5% produced four mycotoxins, with an average total concentration of the Alternaria toxins exceeding 7.58 × 106 ng/kg. Our data underline the potential risks for human health related to the high mycotoxin content found on fruits affected by black spot. This study also represents the first report of AASC as an agent of black spot on European pear in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Prencipe
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Roberta Meloni
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector - AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luca Nari
- Fondazione Agrion - Via Falicetto, 24, 12030, Manta, CN, Italy
| | - Giada Schiavon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector - AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector - AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, via Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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21
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Jiang Q, Li Y, Mao R, Bi Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Li R, Yang Y, Prusky DB. AaCaMKs Positively Regulate Development, Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity in Alternaria alternata, Causal Agent of Pear Black Spot. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021381. [PMID: 36674895 PMCID: PMC9865007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), a key downstream target protein in the Ca2+ signaling pathway of eukaryotes, plays an important regulatory role in the growth, development and pathogenicity of plant fungi. Three AaCaMKs (AaCaMK1, AaCaMK2 and AaCaMK3) with conserved PKC_like superfamily domains, ATP binding sites and ACT sites have been cloned from Alternaria alternata, However, their regulatory mechanism in A. alternata remains unclear. In this study, the function of the AaCaMKs in the development, infection structure differentiation and pathogenicity of A. alternata was elucidated through targeted gene disruption. The single disruption of AaCaMKs had no impact on the vegetative growth and spore morphology but significantly influenced hyphae growth, sporulation, biomass accumulation and melanin biosynthesis. Further expression analysis revealed that the AaCaMKs were up-regulated during the infection structure differentiation of A. alternata on hydrophobic and pear wax substrates. In vitro and in vivo analysis further revealed that the deletion of a single AaCaMKs gene significantly reduced the A. alternata conidial germination, appressorium formation and infection hyphae formation. In addition, pharmacological analysis confirmed that the CaMK specific inhibitor, KN93, inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation in A. alternata. Meanwhile, the AaCaMKs genes deficiency significantly reduced the A. alternata pathogenicity. These results demonstrate that AaCaMKs regulate the development, infection structure differentiation and pathogenicity of A. alternata and provide potential targets for new effective fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-1694
| | - Renyan Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Huang Y, Li YC, Li DM, Bi Y, Liu YX, Mao RY, Zhang M, Jiang QQ, Wang XJ, Prusky D. Molecular Characterization of Phospholipase C in Infection Structure Differentiation Induced by Pear Fruit Surface Signals, Stress Responses, Secondary Metabolism, and Virulence of Alternaria alternata. Phytopathology 2022; 112:2207-2217. [PMID: 35612304 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0475-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens use plant surface physiochemical signals to trigger specific developmental processes. To assess the role of phospholipase C (PLC) in mediating plant stimuli sensing of Alternaria alternata, the function of three PLC genes was characterized by constructing ΔAaPLC mutants. Here we showed that fruit wax-coated surfaces significantly induced appressorium formation in A. alternata and mutants. Germination of ΔAaPLC mutants did not differ from the wild type. Deletion of AaPLC1 led to the decrease of appressorium formation and infected hyphae, but the degree of reduction varies between the different types of waxes, with the strongest response to pear wax. Appressorium formation and infected hyphae of the ΔAaPLC1 mutant on dewaxed onion epidermis mounted with pear wax (θ4) were reduced by 14.5 and 65.7% after 8 h incubation, while ΔAaPLC2 and ΔAaPLC3 formed the same infection hyphae as wild type. In addition, AaPLC1 mutation caused pleiotropic effects on fungal biological function, including growth deficiency, changes in stress tolerance, weakening of pathogenicity to the host, as well as destruction of mycotoxin synthesis. Both AaPLC2 and AaPLC3 genes were found to have some effects on stress response and mycotoxin production. Taken together, AaPLC genes differentially regulate the growth, stress response, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong-Cai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ren-Yan Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian-Qian Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The 12 Volcani Center, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel
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Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang Z, Pan B, Xu W, Zhang S. Revealing the early response of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) leaves during Botryosphaeria dothideainfection by transcriptome analysis. Plant Sci 2022; 315:111146. [PMID: 35067309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ring rot disease, which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), is one of the most serious diseases affecting the pear industry. Currently, knowledge of the mechanism about pear-pathogen interactions is unclear. To explore the early response of pear leaves to B. dothidea infection, we compared the early transcriptome of pear leaves infected with B. dothidea. The results revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4862 DEGs at D2 and D4, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of DEGs showed that these genes were predominately involved in plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction and other biosynthesis-related metabolic processes, including glucosinolate accumulation and flavonoid pathway enhancement. However, many hormone- and disease resistance-related genes and transcription factors (TFs) were differentially expressed during B. dothidea infection. These results were consistent with the changes in the physiological characteristics of B. dothidea. In addition, the expression of PbrPUB29, an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a U-box domain, was significantly higher than it was at 0 dpi. PbrPUB29 silencing enhanced the sensitivity of pear leaves to B. dothidea, reflected by more severe symptoms and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the defective pear seedlings after inoculation, revealing that PbrPUB29 has a significant role in pear disease resistance. In brief, we explored the interaction between pear leaves and B. dothidea at the transcriptome level, implied the early response of pear leaves to pathogens, and identified a hub gene in a B. dothidea-infected pear. These results provide a basis and new strategy for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying pear-pathogen interactions and disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhenwu Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Jia B, Chang X, Fu Y, Heng W, Ye Z, Liu P, Liu L, Al Shoffe Y, Watkins CB, Zhu L. Metagenomic analysis of rhizosphere microbiome provides insights into occurrence of iron deficiency chlorosis in field of Asian pears. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 34996363 PMCID: PMC8742312 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fe-deficiency chlorosis (FDC) of Asian pear plants is widespread, but little is known about the association between the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil and leaf chlorosis. The leaf mineral concentration, leaf subcellular structure, soil physiochemical properties, and bacterial species community and distribution had been analysed to gain insights into the FDC in Asian pear plant. RESULTS The total Fe in leaves with Fe-deficiency was positively correlated with total K, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mo and Cl contents, but no differences of available Fe (AFe) were detected between the rhizosphere soil of chlorotic and normal plants. Degraded ribosomes and degraded thylakloid stacks in chloroplast were observed in chlorotic leaves. The annotated microbiome indicated that there were 5 kingdoms, 52 phyla, 94 classes, 206 orders, 404 families, 1,161 genera, and 3,043 species in the rhizosphere soil of chlorotic plants; it was one phylum less and one order, 11 families, 59 genera, and 313 species more than in that of normal plant. Bacterial community and distribution patterns in the rhizosphere soil of chlorotic plants were distinct from those of normal plants and the relative abundance and microbiome diversity were more stable in the rhizosphere soils of normal than in chlorotic plants. Three (Nitrospira defluvii, Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis, and Sulfuricella denitrificans) of the top five species (N. defluvii, G. kalamazoonesis, S. denitrificans, Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis, and Candidatus Koribacter versatilis). were the identical and aerobic in both rhizosphere soils, but their relative abundance decreased by 48, 37, and 22%, respectively, and two of them (G. aurantiaca and Ca. S. usitatus) were substituted by an ammonia-oxidizing soil archaeon, Ca. N. koreensis and a nitrite and nitrate reduction related species, Ca. K. versatilis in that of chlorotic plants, which indicated the adverse soil aeration in the rhizosphere soil of chlorotic plants. A water-impermeable tables was found to reduce the soil aeration, inhibit root growth, and cause some absorption root death from infection by Fusarium solani. CONCLUSIONS It was waterlogging or/and poor drainage of the soil may inhibit Fe uptake not the amounts of AFe in the rhizosphere soil of chlorotic plants that caused FDC in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jia
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wei Heng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Pu Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yosef Al Shoffe
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Liwu Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China.
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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25
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Li SC, Wang YB, Wu F, Xiao LH, Peng WW, Xiang ML, Chen JY, Chen M. First Report of Pyrus pyrifolia 'Cuiguan' Fruit Rot Caused by Monilinia fructicola in Southern China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:327. [PMID: 34372683 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-1076-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Li
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Y B Wang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - F Wu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - L H Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - W W Peng
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - M L Xiang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - J Y Chen
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, China
| | - M Chen
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Luo S, Zhang L, Zhou H, Li P. Effects of in-package atmospheric cold plasma treatment on the qualitative, metabolic and microbial stability of fresh-cut pears. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4473-4480. [PMID: 33432579 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables is limited shelf life due to microbial hazards and quality deterioration. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is an emerging non-thermal technology with significant potential to improve the safety and storability of fresh products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ACP, generated in sealed packaging, on the qualitative, metabolic and microbial stability of fresh-cut pears during simulated cold storage. RESULTS ACP treatments were effective in inhibiting the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, particularly CP3 (65 kV, 1 min), which could prolong shelf life to the greatest extent. While decontamination was not always associated with an increase in plasma intensity. Moreover, at 65 kV for 1 min, ACP treatment had the potential to retard respiration, and maintain organoleptic properties and other quality attributes. Additionally, peroxidase and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities were reduced immediately after treatments. These effects were dependent on treatment voltage and time, while a subsequent recovery in activity was only observed for PME. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study will contribute to an understanding of the effects of in-package ACP treatments on the storability and microbial safety of fresh-cut pears. This knowledge could be beneficial in reducing quality losses for fresh-cut pears and the preservation of other products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huali Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shufen Luo
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Leigang Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengxia Li
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, PR China
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27
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Caravaca-Fuentes P, Camó C, Oliveras À, Baró A, Francés J, Badosa E, Planas M, Feliu L, Montesinos E, Bonaterra A. A Bifunctional Peptide Conjugate That Controls Infections of Erwinia amylovora in Pear Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113426. [PMID: 34198776 PMCID: PMC8201157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, peptide conjugates were designed and synthesized by incorporating the antimicrobial undecapeptide BP16 at the C- or N-terminus of the plant defense elicitor peptide flg15, leading to BP358 and BP359, respectively. The evaluation of their in vitro activity against six plant pathogenic bacteria revealed that BP358 displayed MIC values between 1.6 and 12.5 μM, being more active than flg15, BP16, BP359, and an equimolar mixture of BP16 and flg15. Moreover, BP358 was neither hemolytic nor toxic to tobacco leaves. BP358 triggered the overexpression of 6 out of the 11 plant defense-related genes tested. Interestingly, BP358 inhibited Erwinia amylovora infections in pear plants, showing slightly higher efficacy than the mixture of BP16 and flg15, and both treatments were as effective as the antibiotic kasugamycin. Thus, the bifunctional peptide conjugate BP358 is a promising agent to control fire blight and possibly other plant bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Caravaca-Fuentes
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (C.C.); (À.O.); (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Cristina Camó
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (C.C.); (À.O.); (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Àngel Oliveras
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (C.C.); (À.O.); (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Aina Baró
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.B.); (J.F.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Jesús Francés
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.B.); (J.F.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Esther Badosa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.B.); (J.F.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (C.C.); (À.O.); (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (C.C.); (À.O.); (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.B.); (J.F.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.B.); (J.F.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-660719646
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Dagher F, Nickzad A, Zheng J, Hoffmann M, Déziel E. Characterization of the biocontrol activity of three bacterial isolates against the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1202. [PMID: 34180603 PMCID: PMC8182272 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are sprayed on apple and pear orchards to control, among other pathogens, the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. As with many other pathogens, we observe the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of E. amylovora. Consequently, growers are looking for alternative solutions to combat fire blight. To find alternatives to antibiotics against this pathogen, we have previously isolated three bacterial strains with antagonistic and extracellular activity against E. amylovora, both in vitro and in planta, corresponding to three different bacterial genera: Here, we identified the inhibitory mode of action of each of the three isolates against E. amylovora. Isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (now B. velezensis) FL50S produces several secondary metabolites including surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Specifically, we identified oxydifficidin as the most active against E. amylovora S435. Pseudomonas poae FL10F produces an active extracellular compound against E. amylovora S435 that can be attributed to white-line-inducing principle (WLIP), a cyclic lipopeptide belonging to the viscosin subfamily (massetolide E, F, L, or viscosin). Pantoea agglomerans NY60 has a direct cell-to-cell antagonistic effect against E. amylovora S435. By screening mutants of this strain generated by random transposon insertion with decreased antagonist activity against strain S435, we identified several defective transposants. Of particular interest was a mutant in a gene coding for a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter corresponding to a transmembrane protein predicted to be involved in the extracytoplasmic localization of griseoluteic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the broad-spectrum phenazine antibiotic D-alanylgriseoluteic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Dagher
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
| | - Arvin Nickzad
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
| | - Jie Zheng
- US Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Science Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- US Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Science Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
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Colda A, Bossaert S, Verreth C, Vanhoutte B, Honnay O, Keulemans W, Lievens B. Inoculation of pear flowers with Metschnikowia reukaufii and Acinetobacter nectaris enhances attraction of honeybees and hoverflies, but does not increase fruit and seed set. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250203. [PMID: 33886638 PMCID: PMC8061982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, one of the most important challenges is to provide sufficient and affordable food and energy for a fast-growing world population, alongside preserving natural habitats and maintaining biodiversity. About 35% of the global food production depends on animals for pollination. In recent years, an alarming worldwide decline in pollinators has been reported, putting our food production under additional pressure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find sustainable ways to ensure this crucial ecosystem service. Recent studies have shown that floral nectar is generally colonized by microorganisms, specifically yeasts and bacteria, which may alter nectar chemistry and enhance attraction of pollinators. In this study, we investigated changes in pollinator foraging behavior and pollination success in European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars 'Regal Red' and 'Sweet Sensation' (red sports of 'Doyenné de Comice') after flower inoculation with the typical nectar-inhabiting microorganisms Metschnikowia reukaufii and Acinetobacter nectaris, and a combination of both. Pollination success was monitored by measuring the number of flower visits, fruit set and seed set in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020. Results revealed that application of a mixture of M. reukaufii and A. nectaris resulted in significantly higher visitation rates of honeybees and hoverflies. By contrast, no effects on flower visits were found when yeasts and bacteria were applied separately. Fruit set and seed set were not significantly affected by any of the inoculation treatments. The only factors affecting fruit set were initial number of flower clusters on the trees and the year. The absence of treatment effects can most likely be attributed to the fact that pollination was not a limiting factor for fruit set in our experiments. Altogether, our results show that inoculation of flowers with nectar microbes can modify pollinator foraging patterns, but did not lead to increased pollination success under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Colda
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory for Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Bossaert
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christel Verreth
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanhoutte
- Research Center for Fruit Growing, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes Keulemans
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory for Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Cantabella D, Teixidó N, Segarra G, Torres R, Casanovas M, Dolcet-Sanjuan R. Rhizosphere microorganisms enhance in vitro root and plantlet development of Pyrus and Prunus rootstocks. Planta 2021; 253:78. [PMID: 33715081 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro application of rhizosphere microorganisms led to a higher rooting percentage in Pyrus Py12 rootstocks and increased plant growth of Pyrus Py170 and Prunus RP-20. The rooting of fruit tree rootstocks is the most challenging step of the in vitro propagation process. The use of rhizosphere microorganisms to promote in vitro rooting and plant growth as an alternative to the addition of chemical hormones to culture media is proposed in the present study. Explants from two Pyrus (Py170 and Py12) rootstocks and the Prunus RP-20 rootstock were inoculated with Pseudomonas oryzihabitans PGP01, Cladosporium ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 following two different methods to determine their effects on in vitro rooting and plantlet growth. The effects of the microorganisms on the growth of fully developed Py170 and RP-20 plantlets were also studied in vitro. All experiments were conducted using vermiculite to simulate a soil system in vitro. When applied to Py12 shoots, which is a hard-to-root plant material, both C. ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 fungi were able to increase the rooting percentage from 56.25% to 100% following auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment. Thus, the presence of these microorganisms clearly improved root development, inducing a higher number of roots and causing shorter roots. Better overall growth and improved stem growth of treated plants was observed when auxin treatment was replaced by co-culture with microorganisms. A root growth-promoting effect was observed on RP-20 plantlets after inoculation with C. ramotenellum PGP02, while P. oryzihabitans PGP01 increased root numbers for both Py170 and RP-20 and increased root growth over stem growth for RP-20. It was also shown that the three microorganisms P. oryzihabitans PGP01, C. ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 were able to naturally produce auxin, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), at different levels. Overall, our results demonstrate that the microorganisms P. oryzihabitans PGP01 and C. ramotenellum PGP02 had beneficial effects on in vitro rooting and plantlet growth and could be applied to in vitro tissue culture as a substitute for IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cantabella
- IRTA Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guillem Segarra
- IRTA Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Casanovas
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Gurevich D, Dor S, Erov M, Dan Y, Moy JC, Mairesse O, Dafny-Yelin M, Adler-Abramovich L, Afriat-Jurnou L. Directed Enzyme Evolution and Encapsulation in Peptide Nanospheres of Quorum Quenching Lactonase as an Antibacterial Treatment against Plant Pathogen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2179-2188. [PMID: 33405501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need to increase agricultural yield has led to an extensive use of antibiotics against plant pathogens, which has resulted in the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for new methods, preferably with lower chances of developing resistant strains and a lower risk to the environment or public health. Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use quorum sensing, a population-density-dependent regulatory mechanism, to monitor the secretion of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and pathogenicity. Therefore, quorum sensing represents an attractive antivirulence target. AHL lactonases hydrolyze AHLs and have potential antibacterial properties; however, their use is limited by thermal instability and durability, or low activity. Here, we demonstrate that an AHL lactonase from the phosphotriesterase-like lactonase family exhibits high activity with the AHL secreted from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora and attenuates infection in planta. Using directed enzyme evolution, we were able to increase the enzyme's temperature resistance (T50, the temperature at which 50% of the activity is retained) by 8 °C. Then, by performing enzyme encapsulation in nanospherical capsules composed of tertbutoxycarbonyl-Phe-Phe-OH peptide, the shelf life was extended for more than 5 weeks. Furthermore, the encapsulated and free mutant were able to significantly inhibit up to 70% blossom's infection in the field, achieving the same efficacy as seen with antibiotics commonly used today to treat the plant pathogen. We conclude that specific AHL lactonase can inhibit E. amylovora infection in the field, as it degrades the AHL secreted by this plant pathogen. The combination of directed enzyme evolution and peptide nanostructure encapsulation significantly improved the thermal resistance and shelf life of the enzyme, respectively, increasing its potential in future development as antibacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurevich
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Shlomit Dor
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Mayan Erov
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Yoav Dan
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jehudith Clara Moy
- Northern Agriculture Research & Development, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Orly Mairesse
- Northern Agriculture Research & Development, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Mery Dafny-Yelin
- Northern Agriculture Research & Development, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Livnat Afriat-Jurnou
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- The Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
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Sun X, Pan B, Xu W, Chen Q, Wang Y, Ban Q, Xing C, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the pear autophagy-related gene PbrATG8 and functional verification of PbrATG8c in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. Planta 2021; 253:32. [PMID: 33439355 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, tissue-specific and stress expression analyses and functional characterization of PbrATG8s genes were conducted and the role of PbrATG8c in Botryosphaeria dothidea resistance was further investigated. Autophagy plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. ATG8 has been reported to be an autophagy marker in many species. However, there is little information regarding ATG8 family members in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd). We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified nine PbrATG8 gene family members in pear. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PbrATG8 genes clustered into four major groups (Groups I-IV). Eight PbrATG8 genes were successfully mapped to 6 of the 17 chromosomes of the pear genome. The synteny results showed that two pairs are collinear. Gene expression data showed that all genes were differentially expressed in a range of pear tissues. Transcript analysis of PbrATG8 genes under dehydration, salt and pathogen infection stresses revealed that PbrATG8c responded to all test stresses. The PbrATG8c protein was localized in the nucleus and membrane. The silencing of PbrATG8c decreased the resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea in pear. This study provides insights and rich resources for subsequent investigations of autophagy in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Caihua Xing
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yu M, Singh J, Khan A, Sundin GW, Zhao Y. Complete Genome Sequence of the Fire Blight Pathogen Strain Erwinia amylovora Ea1189. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1277-1279. [PMID: 32808873 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0158-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, the most devastating bacterial disease of apples and pears in the United States and worldwide. The model strain E. amylovora Ea1189 has been extensively used to understand bacterial pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of bacterial-plant interactions. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the de novo genome of Ea1189, using a combination of long Oxford Nanopore Technologies and short Illumina sequence reads. A complete gapless genome assembly of Ea1189 consists of a 3,797,741-bp circular chromosome and a 28,259-bp plasmid with 3,472 predicted genes, including 78 transfer RNAs, 22 ribosomal RNAs, and 20 noncoding RNAs. A comparison of the Ea1189 genome to previously sequenced E. amylovora complete genomes showed 99.94 to 99.97% sequence similarity with 314 to 946 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We believe that the availability of the complete genome sequence of strain Ea1189 will further support studies to understand evolution, diversity and structural variations of Erwinia strains, as well as the molecular basis of E. amylovora pathogenesis and its interactions with host plants, thus facilitating the development of effective management strategies for this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Yu
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Jugpreet Singh
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, U.S.A
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Luciano‐Rosario D, Keller NP, Jurick WM. Penicillium expansum: biology, omics, and management tools for a global postharvest pathogen causing blue mould of pome fruit. Mol Plant Pathol 2020; 21:1391-1404. [PMID: 32969130 PMCID: PMC7548999 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion-dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide-resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. TAXONOMY Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. BIOLOGY A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. TOXINS Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. HOST RANGE Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue-green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. DISEASE CONTROL Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. USEFUL WEBSITES Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of BacteriologyFood Research InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin at MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Chen Q, Li Q, Qiao X, Yin H, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification of lysin motif containing protein family genes in eight rosaceae species, and expression analysis in response to pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinese white pear. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:612. [PMID: 32894061 PMCID: PMC7487666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysin motif-containing proteins (LYP), which act as pattern-recognition receptors, play central roles in growth, node formation, and responses to biotic stresses. The sequence of Chinese white pear genome (cv. 'Dangshansuli') along with the seven other species of Rosaceae has already been reported. Although, in these fruit crops, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the LYP family genes and their evolutionary history. RESULTS In the existing study, eight Rosaceae species i.e., Pyrus communis, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus avium, Prunus mume, Rubus occidentalis, and Malus × domestica were evaluated. Here, we determined a total of 124 LYP genes from the underlined Rosaceae species. While eighteen of the genes were from Chinese white pear, named as PbrLYPs. According to the LYPs structural characteristics and their phylogenetic analysis, those genes were classified into eight groups (group LYK1, LYK2, LYK3, LYK4/5, LYM1/3, LYM2, NFP, and WAKL). Dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication (WGD) were found to be the most contributing factors of LYP family expansion in the Rosaceae species. More than half of the duplicated PbrLYP gene pairs were dated back to the ancient WGD (~ 140 million years ago (MYA)), and PbrLYP genes have experienced long-term purifying selection. The transcriptomic results indicated that the PbrLYP genes expression was tissue-specific. Most PbrLYP genes showed differential expression in leaves under fungal pathogen infection with two of them located in the plasmalemma. CONCLUSION A comprehensive analysis identified 124 LYP genes in eight Rosaceae species. Our findings have provided insights into the functions and characteristics of the Rosaceae LYP genes and a guide for the identification of other candidate LYPs for further genetic improvements for pathogen-resistance in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Sun X, Pan B, Wang Y, Xu W, Zhang S. Exogenous Calcium Improved Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by Increasing Autophagy Activity and Salicylic Acid Level in Pear. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1150-1160. [PMID: 32432513 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0101-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pear ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the most serious diseases in pear. Calcium (Ca2+) was reported to play a key role in the plant defense response. Here, we found that exogenous calcium could enhance resistance to B. dothidea in pear leaves. Less H2O2 and O2- but more activated reactive oxygen species scavenge enzymes accumulated in calcium-treated leaves than in H2O-treated leaves. Moreover, the increased level of more ascorbic acid-glutathione was maintained by Ca2+ treatment under pathogen infection. The expression of core autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formations were enhanced in Ca2+-treated leaves. Silencing of PbrATG5 in Pyrus betulaefolia conferred sensitivity to inoculation, which was only slightly recovered by Ca2+ treatment. Moreover, the salicylic acid (SA) level and SA-related gene expression were induced more strongly by B. dothidea in Ca2+-treated leaves than in H2O-treated leaves. Taken together, these results demonstrated that exogenous Ca2+ enhanced resistance to B. dothidea by increasing autophagic activity and SA accumulation. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of Ca2+ in increasing the tolerance of pear to B. dothidea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zambounis A, Ganopoulos I, Tsaftaris A, Valasiadis D, Madesis P. Metagenomics analysis of fungal communities associated with postharvest diseases in pear fruits under the effect of management practices. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2391-2400. [PMID: 32588084 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An amplicon metagenomic approach based on the ITS1 region of fungal rDNA was employed to identify the composition of fungal communities associated with diseases of pear fruits during postharvest storage. The sampled fruits were harvested at an orchard using routine management practices involving treatments with various chemical fungicides and were transferred to a storage packinghouse. Effective tags of reading sequences clustered into 53 OTUs whereas Ascomycota was the dominant phylum (83.4%) followed by Basidiomycota (15.8%). Our results revealed that four genera, Penicillium, Rhodotorula, Alternaria and Cladosporium were the most abundant representing 59-95% of the relative abundance per sample. The interruption of chemical treatments during the last month before harvest altered the structure of the fungal community of fruits among untreated and treated samples, mainly in cases of relative abundance of Penicillium and Rhodotorula genera. We hypothesize that various antagonistic interactions might occur on fruit surfaces among the detected fungal genera whose relative abundances were affected by fungicide treatments. Interestingly, some common pre- and postharvest pear fungal pathogens were either less present (such as Moniliana), or undetected (such as Aspergillus, Venturia and Septoria) in untreated and treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, ELGO-DEMETER, 59035, Naoussa, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang M, Li Y, Bi Y, Wang T, Dong Y, Yang Q, Zhang T. 2-Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate Exerts Antifungal Activity against Alternaria alternata by Affecting Membrane Integrity and Mycotoxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32075318 PMCID: PMC7077316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important diseases of pear fruit during storage. Isothiocyanates are known as being strong antifungal compounds in vitro against different fungi. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effects of the volatile compound 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (2-PEITC) against A. alternata in vitro and in pear fruit, and to explore the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The in vitro results showed that 2-PEITC significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of A. alternata-the inhibitory effects showed a dose-dependent pattern and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.22 mM. The development of black spot rot on the pear fruit inoculated with A. alternata was also significantly decreased by 2-PEITC fumigation. At 1.22 mM concentration, the lesion diameter was only 39% of that in the control fruit at 7 days after inoculation. Further results of the leakage of electrolyte, increase of intracellular OD260, and propidium iodide (PI) staining proved that 2-PEITC broke cell membrane permeability of A. alternata. Moreover, 2-PEITC treatment significantly decreased alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN) contents of A. alternata. Taken together, these data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antifungal effect of 2-PEITC against A. alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.Z.)
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Temple TN, Thompson EC, Uppala S, Granatstein D, Johnson KB. Floral Colonization Dynamics and Specificity of Aureobasidium pullulans Strains Used to Suppress Fire Blight of Pome Fruit. Plant Dis 2020; 104:121-128. [PMID: 31730414 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1512-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans is used as a biocontrol agent for fire blight protection in organic apple and pear production. We assessed colonization of pome flowers by A. pullulans in orchards located near Corvallis, OR and Wenatchee, WA. Blossom Protect, a mix of A. pullulans strains CF10 and CF40, and its citrate-based companion, Buffer Protect, were sprayed at 70% bloom. Later in bloom, the population size of putative A. pullulans on flowers was estimated by dilution plating; plate scrapings of putative A. pullulans were then sampled and subjected to a PCR analysis. Sequenced PCR amplicons of the internal transcribed spacer region and the elongase gene confirmed the presence of A. pullulans, whereas a multiplex PCR with primers specific to CF10 and CF40 was used to determine the presence of the introduced strains. At Corvallis, a wet spring environment, A. pullulans, was recovered from most (>90%) Bartlett pear and Golden Delicious apple flowers sampled from experimental trees, regardless of whether the trees were treated with Blossom Protect. Nevertheless, population size estimates of A. pullulans on the flowers were correlated with the number of times Blossom Protect was sprayed on the trees. At Wenatchee, an arid spring environment, A. pullulans was detected on most flowers from trees treated with Blossom Protect, but only on a minority of flowers from nontreated controls. In both locations, the combined incidence of strains CF10 and CF40 on flowers averaged 89% on Blossom Protect-treated trees, but only 27% on adjacent, nontreated trees. During subsequent trials, the efficacy of Blossom Protect for fire blight control was compared with alternative yeast isolates, with each applied with Buffer Protect; local isolates of A. pullulans and Cryptococcus neoformans and a postharvest biocontrol strain of Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum were used All yeast strains suppressed fire blight to a degree; however, in each of four trials, the level of suppression was highest with Blossom Protect, and it was significantly superior (P ≤ 0.05) to other yeast isolates in two of the trials. Because A. pullulans strains CF10 and CF40 were detected primarily on flowers on trees treated with Blossom Protect, and because they were detected much less frequently on nearby nontreated tress, we recommend treating every tree row with Blossom Protect at least once for organic fire blight suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Temple
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - E C Thompson
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - S Uppala
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - D Granatstein
- Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA 98801
| | - K B Johnson
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Yang X, Qi YJ, Al-Attala MN, Gao ZH, Yi XK, Zhang AF, Zang HY, Gu CY, Gao TC, Chen Y. Rapid Detection of Alternaria Species Involved in Pear Black Spot Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Plant Dis 2019; 103:3002-3008. [PMID: 31573432 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0149-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria species are the most important fungal pathogens that attack various crops as well as fruit trees such as pear and cause black spot disease. Here, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is developed for the detection of Alternaria species. A. alternata cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene was used to design two pairs of primers and amplified a 229-bp segment of Aacyt-b gene. The results showed that LAMP assay is faster and simpler than polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LAMP assay is highly sensitive method for the detection of about 1 pg of genomic DNA of A. alternata by using optimized concentration of MgCl2 (4 mM) in final LAMP reaction. In contrast, the limit of detection was 1 ng of target DNA via conventional PCR. Among the genomic DNA of 46 fungal species, only the tubes containing DNA of Alternaria spp. except A. porri, A. solani, and A. infectoria changed color from orange to yellowish green with SYBR Green I including the main pathogens of pear black spot. The yellowish green color was indicative of DNA amplification. Moreover, LAMP assay was used for testing infected tissues among 22 healthy and diseased pear tissues; the orange color changed to yellowish green for infected tissues only. Altogether, we conclude that cyt-b gene can be used for the detection of Alternaria spp. via LAMP assay, which is involved in pear black spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yong-Jie Qi
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mohamed N Al-Attala
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Plant Pathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Zheng-Hui Gao
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-Kai Yi
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ai-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Tong-Chun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Hefei, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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Johnson S, Jones D, Thrimawithana AH, Deng CH, Bowen JK, Mesarich CH, Ishii H, Won K, Bus VGM, Plummer KM. Whole Genome Sequence Resource of the Asian Pear Scab Pathogen Venturia nashicola. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1463-1467. [PMID: 31313627 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0067-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Venturia nashicola, the cause of scab disease of Asian pears, is a host-specific, biotrophic fungus. It is restricted to Asia and is regarded as a quarantine threat outside this region. European pear displays nonhost resistance (NHR) to V. nashicola and Asian pears are nonhosts of V. pyrina (the cause of European pear scab disease). The host specificity of these two fungi is likely governed by differences in their effector arsenals, with a subset hypothesized to activate NHR. The Pyrus-Venturia pathosystem provides an opportunity to dissect the underlying genetics of nonhost interactions in this potentially more durable form of resistance. The V. nashicola genome will enable comparisons to other Venturia spp. genomes to identify effectors that potentially activate NHR in the pear scab pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira Johnson
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- The Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna K Bowen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carl H Mesarich
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hideo Ishii
- Kibi International University, Minami-Awaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyungho Won
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (NIHHS-RDA), Naju, Korea
| | - Vincent G M Bus
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - Kim M Plummer
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- The Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Beezer RP, Mattinson DS, Fellman JK, Ewing BL, Edwards CG. Impacts of depectinization of pear juice on alcoholic fermentation and indole formation. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5792-5798. [PMID: 31162672 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a producer of fermented ciders observed 'vinyl' off-odors formed during fermentation of pear juice previously depectinized at ≥ 49 °C but not if depectinized at lower temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate the source of this spoilage and evaluate factors that affect formation. RESULTS Analysis of untainted and tainted samples obtained from the producer determined the causative agent to be indole, a compound sometimes produced by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during fermentation. To mimic commercial depectinization conditions, pectinases were added to pear juices held at 35 °C for 45 min (Treatment A), 49 °C for 45 min (Treatment B), or 49 °C for 90 min (Treatment C). Juice processing conditions did not affect yeast growth nor progress of alcoholic fermentation. Although neither yeast strain (DV10 or MERIT) synthesized indole during fermentation of Treatment A juices, the compound was produced by MERIT in Treatments B (27.05 μg L-1 ) and C (469.9 μg L-1 ). Supplementation of Treatment C juice with pyridoxine (vitamin B6 ) prior to fermentation resulted in no detectable indole formed. However, juices from Treatments A, B, or C contained similar concentrations of pyridoxine and non-detectable amounts of tryptophan, a potential precursor to indole. Furthermore, indole was not detected during fermentations of a synthetic pear juice medium without pyridoxine. CONCLUSION Supplementation of cider musts with pyridoxine prior to fermentation and choice of yeast strain can lower the risk of formation of off-odors caused by indole. However, other unidentified factors are present which affect its formation in perry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Beezer
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Mt Veron, WA, USA
| | - D Scott Mattinson
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John K Fellman
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Brianna L Ewing
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Mt Veron, WA, USA
| | - Charles G Edwards
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Mt Veron, WA, USA
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Prokchorchik M, Won K, Lee Y, Choi ED, Segonzac C, Sohn KH. High Contiguity Whole Genome Sequence and Gene Annotation Resource for Two Venturia nashicola Isolates. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1091-1094. [PMID: 31008683 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0072-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Venturia nashicola is a fungal pathogen that causes Asian pear scab disease. This pathogen is of particular importance in Northeast Asian countries, where Asian pears are grown industrially. Scab disease in Asian pear is currently controlled by fungicide spraying and this situation calls for developing scab resistant cultivars. High-quality genome data are therefore required for in-depth comparative genome analysis of different isolates of V. nashicola and V. pyrina, a closely related species, which only infects European pear plants. Here, we report the high-contiguity whole genome assembly of two V. nashicola isolates, which is expected to enable genome comparisons for identification of the genes involved in host range determination of V. nashicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Prokchorchik
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Won
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Ddeum Choi
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cécile Segonzac
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University
| | - Kee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Carbó A, Teixidó N, Usall J, Torres R. Verifying the biocontrol activity of novel film-forming formulations of Candida sake CPA-1: resilience in relation to environmental factors, rainfall episodes, and control of Botrytis cinerea on different hosts. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4969-4976. [PMID: 30980409 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of Candida sake CPA-1 as a biocontrol agent against several diseases has been studied since it was isolated 20 years ago. However, it was only recently that two suitable and effective film-forming formulations based on potato starch and maltodextrins were developed using the fluidized-bed spray-drying system. The present work aimed to confirm the capability of both novel formulations by testing their resilience on grapes at different temperatures (0, 22, and 30 °C), relative humidities (40% and 85%), and simulated rainfall levels. Another objective was to examine the control of Botrytis cinerea in different hosts. RESULTS The CPA-1 cells from both dried formulations survived better than the liquid formulation on grapes stored at 0 and 22 °C regardless of the relative humidity. After simulated rainfall, potato starch formulation achieved significantly higher populations than maltodextrin formulation, although the highest reduction was -1.6 log N N0 -1 . A positive effect of cell establishment prior to the simulated rainfall was shown, and recovered cells from the potato starch formulation were significantly higher after 72 h of cell establishment. Finally, both formulations reduced the incidence and severity of B. cinerea on pears, apples, and tomatoes. CONCLUSION The potential of these novel film-forming formulations of C. sake CPA-1 was verified. The resilience of formulated C. sake was better than the commercialized liquid formulation, the adherence of the formulations to the grapes improved after an establishment period prior to rain exposure, and the control of B. cinerea was verified in a wider range of hosts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Santander RD, Meredith CL, Aćimović SG. Development of a viability digital PCR protocol for the selective detection and quantification of live Erwinia amylovora cells in cankers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11530. [PMID: 31395913 PMCID: PMC6687816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire blight is a devastating disease of apple and pear caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. One of its main symptoms is canker formation on perennial tissues which may lead to the death of limbs and/or the entire tree. E. amylovora overwinters in cankers which play an important role in initiating fire blight epidemics. However, knowledge of pathogen biology in cankers is scarce, in part due to limitations of classical microbiology methods and the inability of most molecular techniques to distinguish live from dead cells. In this work, a viability digital PCR (v-dPCR) protocol using propidium monoazide (PMA) was developed, allowing for the first time the selective detection and absolute quantification of E. amylovora live cells in apple and pear cankers collected in two time periods. Some key factors affecting the v-dPCR performance were the maceration buffer composition, the target DNA amplicon length, the thermal cycle number and the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate or PMA enhancer for Gram-negative bacteria to improve the effect of PMA. In the future, this methodology could shed light on E. amylovora population dynamics in cankers and provide clues on the effect of management practices, host cultivar, host water/nutritional status, etc., on bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Santander
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Meredith
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA
| | - Srđan G Aćimović
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA.
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46
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Gazzetti K, Diaconu EL, Nanni IM, Ciriani A, Collina M. Genome Sequence Resource for Stemphylium vesicarium, Causing Brown Spot Disease of Pear. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:935-938. [PMID: 30900943 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0299-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stemphylium vesicarium is the causal agent of several plant diseases as well brown spot of pear (BSP), which is one of the most economically important fungal diseases in European pear-production areas. In addition to the relevance of the economic impact, conidia spread widely from plant material infected by the pathogen can trigger respiratory allergy. Here, we report the first genome of a S. vesicarium strain, 173-1a13FI1M3, isolated from pear and sensitive to the mostly used fungicide classes currently authorized in Europe against BSP. The availability of this draft genome could represent a first important step in understanding the physiology and the infection mechanism of the pathogen. Furthermore, this contribution could be fundamental in order to design more effective and sustainable strategies to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Gazzetti
- 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena L Diaconu
- 2Bio-Fab Research srl, Via Mario Beltrami, 5, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene M Nanni
- 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ciriani
- 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Collina
- 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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47
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Holeva MC, Morán F, Scuderi G, González A, López MM, Llop P. Development of a real-time PCR method for the specific detection of the novel pear pathogen Erwinia uzenensis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219487. [PMID: 31291321 PMCID: PMC6619794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Erwinia uzenensis is a plant-pathogenic bacterium, recently described in Japan, which infects pear trees, causing the ‘bacterial black shoot disease of European pear’ (BBSDP). Like other Erwinia pear pathogens, E. uzenensis causes damp, black lesions on young shoots resembling those of E. amylovora, but not blossom blight, fruitlet blight or wilting of the shoot tip. The distribution of E. uzenensis seems restricted to the country where it was reported up to now, but it may spread to other countries and affect new hosts, as is the current situation with E. piriflorinigrans and E. pyrifoliae. Fast and accurate detection systems for this new pathogen are needed to study its biology and to identify it on pear or other hosts. We report here the development of a specific and sensitive detection protocol based on a real-time PCR with a TaqMan probe for E. uzenensis, and its evaluation. In sensitivity assays, the detection threshold of this protocol was 101 cfu ml-1 on pure bacterial cultures and 102–103 cfu ml-1 on spiked plant material. The specificity of the protocol was evaluated against E. uzenensis and 46 strains of pear-associated Erwinia species different to E. uzenensis. No cross-reaction with the non-target bacterial species or the loss of sensitivity were observed. This specific and sensitive diagnostic tool may reveal a wider distribution and host range of E. uzenensis initially considered restricted to a region and will expand our knowledge of the life cycle and environmental preferences of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Holeva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Félix Morán
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Scuderi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable agriculture, biodiversity and food security, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Asier González
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - María M. López
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Pablo Llop
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
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Siemonsmeier A, Hadersdorfer J, Neumüller M, Schwab W, Treutter D. A LAMP Protocol for the Detection of ' Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', the Causal Agent of Pear Decline. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1397-1404. [PMID: 31012821 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-18-2150-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-less bacteria that cause diseases in approximately 1,000 plant species. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', the causal agent of pear decline, induces various symptoms on its hosts, leading to weakening and dieback of the plants, reduced fruit size and yield, and, consequently, considerable financial losses in all pear-growing areas. Fighting this disease requires a reliable and inexpensive method for pathogen detection in propagation material as well as plant stocks in orchards and breeding facilities. Here, we present a field-suitable detection protocol for 'Ca. P. pyri' based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting the phytoplasmal 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. The combination of a simplified sample preparation method based on sodium hydroxide and colorimetric visualization of LAMP results enables a laboratory-independent pathogen detection. The detection limit is comparable with analysis by polymerase chain reaction; however, the pear decline LAMP detection method is superior in terms of ease of use, cost, and time effectiveness for obtaining results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Siemonsmeier
- 1 Associate Professorship of Fruit Science, Technical University of Munich, Dürnast 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - J Hadersdorfer
- 1 Associate Professorship of Fruit Science, Technical University of Munich, Dürnast 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - M Neumüller
- 2 Bavarian Fruit Center, Am Süßbach 1, 85399 Hallbergmoos, Germany
| | - W Schwab
- 3 Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - D Treutter
- 1 Associate Professorship of Fruit Science, Technical University of Munich, Dürnast 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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49
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Guo SX, Yao GF, Ye HR, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Yang F, Li YH, Han Z, Hu LY, Zhang H, Hu KD. Functional Characterization of a Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger in Pear Fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4435-4443. [PMID: 30945533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, which is a fungal pathogen, causes rot in a variety of fruits. In this study, the cystathionine β-synthase cbsA gene was deleted by homologous recombination to study its role in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger. The results showed that Δ cbsA strain maintained normal mycelia growth and sporulation compared with the control strain A. niger MA 70.15, whereas the contents of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) increased significantly after cbsA deletion. However, Δ cbsA strain showed reduced endogenous H2S production. Further results showed that cbsA gene deletion induced higher resistance to cadmium stress and stronger infectivity to pears. It was also found that a stronger response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced in Δ cbsA mutant-infected pear compared with the control strain. In all, the present research suggested the important role of cbsA in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Xuan Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hui-Ran Ye
- School of Science , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Feng Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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50
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Laborda P, Li C, Zhao Y, Tang B, Ling J, He F, Liu F. Antifungal Metabolite p-Aminobenzoic Acid (pABA): Mechanism of Action and Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Bitter Rot Disease. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2157-2165. [PMID: 30735380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola, a fungal pathogen that causes bitter rot disease in pears, has recently emerged in Eastern Asia and caused enormous economic losses and crop penalties. For this reason, new strategies for the management of bitter rot disease are greatly needed and can have a great impact on the field. In this regard, our research group recently reported that p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), which was found in the secretions of rhizobacterium Lysobacter antibioticus OH13, showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activities. Following this project, the antifungal mode of action of pABA has been elucidated in this work indicating that pABA affects the fungal cell cycle of C. fructicola by inhibiting septation during cell division. pABA stability and diffusion screening revealed that pABA degrades after 15 days and is able to cross the pear skin into the external parts of the mesocarp. In vivo studies demonstrated that pABA shows high curative ability against the infection of C. fructicola in pears. To show the efficacy of OH13 for the biocontrol of bitter rot disease, cultures of OH13 containing 379.4 mg/L pABA were sprayed on inoculated pears, significantly reducing the symptoms of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Laborda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Nantong University , Nantong , 226019 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ling
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
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