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Peng Y, Zhao W, Zhang D, Gao X, Shi Y, Li Q, Wang J. A 24-year-old woman with a recurrent intracranial mass. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13242. [PMID: 38316409 PMCID: PMC10901617 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Xie Gao
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's HospitalChangzhouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
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2
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Graca Marques J, Pavlovic B, Ngo QA, Pedot G, Roemmele M, Volken L, Kisele S, Perbet R, Wachtel M, Schäfer BW. The Chromatin Remodeler CHD4 Sustains Ewing Sarcoma Cell Survival by Controlling Global Chromatin Architecture. Cancer Res 2024; 84:241-257. [PMID: 37963210 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive cancer with a defective response to DNA damage leading to an enhanced sensitivity to genotoxic agents. Mechanistically, Ewing sarcoma is driven by the fusion transcription factor EWS-FLI1, which reprograms the tumor cell epigenome. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is an important regulator of chromatin function, controlling both gene expression and DNA damage repair, and has been associated with EWS-FLI1 activity. Here, a NuRD-focused CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation screen identified the helicase CHD4 as essential for Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation. CHD4 silencing induced tumor cell death by apoptosis and abolished colony formation. Although CHD4 and NuRD colocalized with EWS-FLI1 at enhancers and super-enhancers, CHD4 promoted Ewing sarcoma cell survival not by modulating EWS-FLI1 activity and its oncogenic gene expression program but by regulating chromatin structure. CHD4 depletion led to a global increase in DNA accessibility and induction of spontaneous DNA damage, resulting in an increased susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents. CHD4 loss delayed tumor growth in vivo, increased overall survival, and combination with PARP inhibition by olaparib treatment further suppressed tumor growth. Collectively, these findings highlight the NuRD subunit CHD4 as a therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma that can potentiate the antitumor activity of genotoxic agents. SIGNIFICANCE CRISPR/Cas9 screening in Ewing sarcoma identifies a dependency on CHD4, which is crucial for the maintenance of chromatin architecture to suppress DNA damage and a promising therapeutic target for DNA damage repair-deficient malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Graca Marques
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blaz Pavlovic
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quy A Ngo
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Pedot
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Roemmele
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Volken
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samanta Kisele
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Perbet
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Wachtel
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Klubíčková N, Gross JM, Comová K, Kuruc J, Michal M. A novel FUS::NFATC4 fusion detected in a sarcoma with morphological features overlapping with NFATC2 sarcomas. Histopathology 2024; 84:413-415. [PMID: 37813649 DOI: 10.1111/his.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Klubíčková
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd., Plzen, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - John M Gross
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Michal
- Bioptical Laboratory Ltd., Plzen, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic
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4
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Qian YY, Li ZL, Guo L. A case of intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:6001-6002. [PMID: 37743174 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Qian
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China.
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5
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Yu DP, Xu ZX, Wu J. Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: A case report. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:5086-5087. [PMID: 37414682 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, China.
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6
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Chen TT, Wang XD, Li ZW, Pu XH, Xu YM, Wang DM, Li RT, Wang SF, Chen J, Meng FQ. [Femoral EWSR1-NFATC2 sarcoma: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2023; 52:940-943. [PMID: 37670626 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20221229-01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T T Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - X D Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Z W Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - X H Pu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y M Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - D M Wang
- Department of Imaging, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - R T Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - S F Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - F Q Meng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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7
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Gong C, Xu J, Qiao S, Zhang X, Yi M. Gastroblastoma without GLI1 and EWSR1 gene breaks. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:274. [PMID: 37658451 PMCID: PMC10472644 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a rare gastroblastoma; discuss its clinical features, histopathological morphology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; and so as to improve the understanding on this disease and provide reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. METHODS The diagnosis and treatment, imaging examination, pathological, and genetic data of a 19-year-old young female patient with gastroblastoma were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS The patient was found to have a "gastrointestinal stromal tumor" for 3 days by physical examination in another hospital. Abdominal CT and MRI considered "solid pseudopapilloma of pancreas" and clinically planned to perform "radical pancreatoduodenectomy." During the operation, the tumor was observed to bulge from the posterior wall of the gastric antrum, and the root was located in the gastric antrum, so it was changed to "partial gastrectomy + Ronx-y gastrojejunal anastomosis." The postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was bi-differentiated between gastric epithelium and mesenchymal. Combined with the results of IHC and the opinions of several consultation units, the diagnosis of gastric blastoma (low-grade malignancy) was supported. However, the fracture rearrangement of GLI1 and EWSR1 genes was not detected by FISH. After 19 months of follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence and metastasis were found. CONCLUSION Combined with existing literature reports, gastroblastoma occurs in young people, equally in men and women, and tends to occur in the gastric antrum. The biological behavior of the tumor tends to be inert, and the prognosis of most cases is good. Postoperative pathology and IHC are reliable methods for the diagnosis of gastric blastoma, and surgical resection of the lesion is the preferred treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Junyi Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuye Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Guangxi, China.
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Fahr L, Sunami Y, Maeritz N, Steiger K, Grünewald TGP, Gericke M, Kong B, Raulefs S, Mayerle J, Michalski CW, Regel I, Kleeff J. Expression of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion oncogene in pancreas cells drives pancreatic atrophy and lipomatosis. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1673-1681. [PMID: 33051146 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors mutant KRAS as the most common driver mutation. Studies on mouse models have uncovered the tumorigenic characteristics of the Kras oncogene driving pancreatic carcinogenesis. Similarly, Ewing sarcoma predominantly depends on the occurrence of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion oncogene. The expression of EWSR1-FLI1 affects pro-tumorigenic pathways and induces cell transformation. In this study, we investigated whether mutant Kras could be exchanged by another potent oncogene, such as EWSR1-FLI1, to initiate pancreatic cancer development. METHODS We generated two conditional mouse models expressing mutant KrasG12D (KC) or the EWSR1-FLI1 oncogene (E/F) in pancreas cells. Pancreatic tissue was collected from the mice at 4-6 weeks and 11-13 weeks of age as well as from survival cohorts to determine the development of spontaneous acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were performed to characterize and quantify changes in tissue morphology. RESULTS The expression of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion protein in pancreas cells was confirmed by positive FLI1 immunohistochemistry staining. Notably, the EWSR1-FLI1 expression in pancreas cells resulted in a strong depletion of the acinar cell mass and an extensive lipomatosis. Although the E/F mice exhibited spontaneous ADM formation and a shorter overall survival rate compared to KC mice, no development of neoplastic lesion was observed in aging E/F mice. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the EWSR1-FLI1 oncogene leads to a strong pancreatic atrophy and lipomatosis. ADM formation indicates that pancreatic acinar cells are susceptible for EWSR1-FLI1-mediated oncogenic transformation to a limited extent. However, the EWSR1-FLI1 oncogene is insufficient to induce pancreatic cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fahr
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Sunami
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medical Center Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadja Maeritz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph W Michalski
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medical Center Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medical Center Halle, Halle, Germany.
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9
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Bremmer F, Fichtner A, Triefenbach R, Inniger R, Mayer P, Lukat L, Ströbel P, Schildhaus HU. CIC fusion-positive sarcoma of the spermatic cord. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:253-257. [PMID: 30310990 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In addition to germ cell tumors and tumors of the sex cord stroma, the WHO classification of testis and paratesticular tumors also contains malignant soft tissue tumors. Among them, liposarcomas of the spermatic cord are the most common entities. Other mesenchymal tumors with smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic, or nerve sheath differentiation are rare. Ewing sarcoma is composed of uniform small round cells and typically characterized by translocations of the EWSR1 gene. In rare cases, Ewing sarcoma-like tumors lack an EWSR1 gene fusion. Some of these tumors harbor a specific CIC translocation. However, Ewing-like sarcoma has up to now never been described in the testis or spermatic cord. The present case describes the first EWSR1-negative, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma with CIC translocation of the spermatic cord. Potential differential diagnoses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Fichtner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Triefenbach
- Center for Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, Luise-Rainer-Str. 12, 40235, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard Inniger
- Center for Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, Luise-Rainer-Str. 12, 40235, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Urology, Catholic Clinics Oberberg, Wohlandstraße 30, 51766, Engelskirchen, Germany
| | - Laura Lukat
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Ulrich Schildhaus
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Prion-like domains have emerged as important drivers of neurodegenerative disease. Now, Boulay et al. establish that the translocated prion-like domain of the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 fusion protein enables phase-separation events, which inappropriately recruit chromatin-remodeling factors to elicit the aberrant transcriptional programs underlying Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Scarpa A, Chang DK, Nones K, Corbo V, Patch AM, Bailey P, Lawlor RT, Johns AL, Miller DK, Mafficini A, Rusev B, Scardoni M, Antonello D, Barbi S, Sikora KO, Cingarlini S, Vicentini C, McKay S, Quinn MCJ, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, McLean S, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Wilson PJ, Anderson MJ, Fink JL, Newell F, Waddell N, Holmes O, Kazakoff SH, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Nagaraj SH, Amato E, Dalai I, Bersani S, Cataldo I, Dei Tos AP, Capelli P, Davì MV, Landoni L, Malpaga A, Miotto M, Whitehall VLJ, Leggett BA, Harris JL, Harris J, Jones MD, Humphris J, Chantrill LA, Chin V, Nagrial AM, Pajic M, Scarlett CJ, Pinho A, Rooman I, Toon C, Wu J, Pinese M, Cowley M, Barbour A, Mawson A, Humphrey ES, Colvin EK, Chou A, Lovell JA, Jamieson NB, Duthie F, Gingras MC, Fisher WE, Dagg RA, Lau LMS, Lee M, Pickett HA, Reddel RR, Samra JS, Kench JG, Merrett ND, Epari K, Nguyen NQ, Zeps N, Falconi M, Simbolo M, Butturini G, Van Buren G, Partelli S, Fassan M, Khanna KK, Gill AJ, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Musgrove EA, Bassi C, Tortora G, Pederzoli P, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Biankin AV, Grimmond SM. Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Nature 2017; 543:65-71. [PMID: 28199314 DOI: 10.1038/nature21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) is increasing owing to more sensitive detection methods, and this increase is creating challenges for clinical management. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 102 primary PanNETs and defined the genomic events that characterize their pathogenesis. Here we describe the mutational signatures they harbour, including a deficiency in G:C > T:A base excision repair due to inactivation of MUTYH, which encodes a DNA glycosylase. Clinically sporadic PanNETs contain a larger-than-expected proportion of germline mutations, including previously unreported mutations in the DNA repair genes MUTYH, CHEK2 and BRCA2. Together with mutations in MEN1 and VHL, these mutations occur in 17% of patients. Somatic mutations, including point mutations and gene fusions, were commonly found in genes involved in four main pathways: chromatin remodelling, DNA damage repair, activation of mTOR signalling (including previously undescribed EWSR1 gene fusions), and telomere maintenance. In addition, our gene expression analyses identified a subgroup of tumours associated with hypoxia and HIF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Amber L Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Scardoni
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Davide Antonello
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Katarzyna O Sikora
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Skye McKay
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne McLean
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shivashankar Hiriyur Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eliana Amato
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Irene Dalai
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Samantha Bersani
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Angelo P Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Davì
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Landoni
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Anna Malpaga
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Marco Miotto
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Janelle L Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Harris
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marc D Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jeremy Humphris
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A Chantrill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Environmental &Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Andreia Pinho
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ilse Rooman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher Toon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mark Pinese
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Woollongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily S Humphrey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology. St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica A Lovell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 OSF, UK
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Greater Glasgow &Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dagg
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Lee
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2175, Australia
| | - Krishna Epari
- Department of Surgery, Fremantle Hospital, Alma Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia
| | - Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nikolajs Zeps
- School of Surgery M507, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- St John of God Pathology, 12 Salvado Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
- Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Butturini
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pederzoli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Cheo FF, Leow WQ. Diagnosing a rare case of desmoplastic small round cell tumour on liver biopsy. Malays J Pathol 2016; 38:149-152. [PMID: 27568672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year-old male of Indian descent presented with jaundice and right hypochondrium pain. Following a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, a segment 7 liver lesion was visualized, accompanied by extensive peritoneal tumour deposits. An ultrasound guided liver biopsy was performed and histology showed loose nests and sheets of tumour cells with a small blue round cell morphology. The tumour cells showed patchy strong immunopositivity for cytokeratins (AE1/3, CK7, CK19) and synaptophysin, while showing diffuse strong perinuclear positivity for desmin. Interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) study using EWSR1 breakapart probe was positive for EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare but aggressive intra-abdominal mesenchymal tumour. While the primary sites of involvement are usually the peritoneum and omentum, visceral involvement can occur. We wish to highlight the importance of considering this entity when evaluating a liver biopsy especially in a less than classical clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Cheo
- Singapore General Hospital, Pathology Department, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Diagnostics Tower, Singapore 169856.
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13
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Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive small round cell sarcoma that typically occurs intra-abdominally in adolescents and young adults, and is characterized by a recurrent t(11;22)(p13;q12) translocation leading to generation of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion gene, which codes for a chimeric protein with transcriptional regulatory activity. DSRCT has a characteristic histologic appearance of nests of uniform small cells within prominent fibroblastic stroma and immunohistochemically it shows multidirectional differentiation, with expression of epithelial, neural, and muscle markers. We illustrate a case of DSRCT that presented as a large intra-abdominal mass, which harbored EWSR1 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization and EWSR1-WT1 fusion transcripts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and which histologically had an entirely solid morphology, lacking evidence of desmoplastic stroma. This purely solid variant emphasizes that even when occurring at a typical location, DSRCT may be difficult to recognize when lacking nonclassical morphology. This is of clinical relevance, as DSRCT with this pattern could be misdiagnosed as Ewing sarcoma if RT-PCR is not performed, with resulting prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- 1 Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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14
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Abstract
We report a case of Ewing's sarcoma arising from the duodenum in a 20-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly progressive ulcerative lesion. The surgical specimen obtained via Whipple's operation revealed a small round-cell tumor (SRCT) in the first and second portion of the duodenum. The tumor cells revealed strong immunoreactivity for CD 99 and vimentin and focal paranuclear dot-like immunoreactivity for cytokeratin. Electron microscopy showed primitive tumor cells with few cytoplasmic organelles, but neither neurosecretory granules nor specific cell junctions were present. On Western blot study, 68-kDa EWS/FLIl fusion protein was detected. The occurrence of Ewing's sarcoma in the gastrointestinal hollow viscus has recently been recognized, and this case expands the known anatomic sites that can harbor Ewing's sarcoma by demonstrating primary duodenal involvement.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Duodenal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology
- Duodenal Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/metabolism
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/ultrastructure
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/ultrastructure
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hae Kie
- Department of Pathology, National Health Insurance Cooperation Ilsan Hospital, Koyang, Korea
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Pedersen EA, Menon R, Bailey KM, Thomas DG, Van Noord RA, Tran J, Wang H, Qu PP, Hoering A, Fearon ER, Chugh R, Lawlor ER. Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin in Ewing Sarcoma Cells Antagonizes EWS/ETS Function and Promotes Phenotypic Transition to More Metastatic Cell States. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5040-53. [PMID: 27364557 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas are characterized by the presence of EWS/ETS fusion genes in the absence of other recurrent genetic alterations and mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity that contribute to disease progression remain unclear. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are rare in Ewing sarcoma but the Wnt pathway modulator LGR5 is often highly expressed, suggesting a potential role for the axis in tumor pathogenesis. We evaluated β-catenin and LGR5 expression in Ewing sarcoma cell lines and tumors and noted marked intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Tumors with evidence of active Wnt/β-catenin signaling were associated with increased incidence of tumor relapse and worse overall survival. Paradoxically, RNA sequencing revealed a marked antagonism of EWS/ETS transcriptional activity in Wnt/β-catenin-activated tumor cells. Consistent with this, Wnt/β-catenin-activated cells displayed a phenotype that was reminiscent of Ewing sarcoma cells with partial EWS/ETS loss of function. Specifically, activation of Wnt/β-catenin induced alterations to the actin cytoskeleton, acquisition of a migratory phenotype, and upregulation of EWS/ETS-repressed genes. Notably, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to marked induction of tenascin C (TNC), an established promoter of cancer metastasis, and an EWS/ETS-repressed target gene. Loss of TNC function in Ewing sarcoma cells profoundly inhibited their migratory and metastatic potential. Our studies reveal that heterogeneous activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in subpopulations of tumor cells contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity and disease progression in Ewing sarcoma. Significantly, this is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of EWS/ETS fusion protein function that results in derepression of metastasis-associated gene programs. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5040-53. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Pedersen
- Translational Oncology Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly M Bailey
- Translational Oncology Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Raelene A Van Noord
- Translational Oncology Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenny Tran
- Translational Oncology Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ping Ping Qu
- Department of Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Antje Hoering
- Department of Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Translational Oncology Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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16
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Vallonthaiel AG, Kaur K, Jain D, Singh G, Tiwari D, Pramanik R, Singh P, Sharma MC. Ewing Sarcoma of Urinary Bladder Showing EWSR1 Rearrangement on FISH Analysis and Unique Response to Chemotherapy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 14:e183-6. [PMID: 26684812 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavneet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Geetika Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deviprasad Tiwari
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Abstract
We report a case of a Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an 85-year-old woman who presented with an enlarging circumscribed left flank mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3 × 5 × 10 cm heterogeneous mass arising from the 10th rib. Computed tomography demonstrated a small nodule in the right middle lobe and bilateral pleural effusions. The patient underwent computed tomography-guided biopsy followed by open biopsy. The tumor cells were characterized by loosely cohesive sheets of tumor cells with uniform nuclei, and scant, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell membranes. Frequent mitoses, apoptosis, and necrosis were present. The cells were positive for CD99 with a strong concentric staining pattern. Epithelial, hematopoietic, and neural markers were all negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed and demonstrated EWSR1 (22q12) gene rearrangement. Sanger sequencing of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction product from the patient's tumor demonstrated the EWSR1-FLI1 type 1 fusion. Following diagnosis the patient elected to proceed with localized radiation and declined chemotherapy. She developed progressive lung disease and subsequently died of her disease a year after her initial diagnosis. Ewing sarcoma is predominantly a pediatric disease and uncommon in patients older than 40 years of age. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest documented case of Ewing sarcoma, diagnosed using modern molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christine C Baker
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ting Liu
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel J Albertson
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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18
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Duggimpudi S, Larsson E, Nabhani S, Borkhardt A, Hoell JI. The cell cycle regulator CCDC6 is a key target of RNA-binding protein EWS. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119066. [PMID: 25751255 PMCID: PMC4353705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic translocation of EWSR1 to ETS transcription factor coding region is considered as primary cause for Ewing sarcoma. Previous studies focused on the biology of chimeric transcription factors formed due to this translocation. However, the physiological consequences of heterozygous EWSR1 loss in these tumors have largely remained elusive. Previously, we have identified various mRNAs bound to EWS using PAR-CLIP. In this study, we demonstrate CCDC6, a known cell cycle regulator protein, as a novel target regulated by EWS. siRNA mediated down regulation of EWS caused an elevated apoptosis in cells in a CCDC6-dependant manner. This effect was rescued upon re-expression of CCDC6. This study provides evidence for a novel functional link through which wild-type EWS operates in a target-dependant manner in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Duggimpudi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Schafiq Nabhani
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica I Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Huang SC, Chen HW, Zhang L, Sung YS, Agaram NP, Davis M, Edelman M, Fletcher CDM, Antonescu CR. Novel FUS-KLF17 and EWSR1-KLF17 fusions in myoepithelial tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:267-75. [PMID: 25706482 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoepithelial (ME) tumors of soft tissue and bone display a heterogeneous histologic spectrum and in about half of the cases harbor EWSR1 gene rearrangements. Despite rare case reports, the prevalence of fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene abnormalities and its related fusion partners remains undetermined among ME tumors. Therefore, we screened 66 EWSR1-negative ME tumors for FUS abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In an index FUS-rearranged case, 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was applied to identify the fusion partner. Results were further confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR, followed by FISH screening the entire cohort of FUS-rearranged and EWSR1-positive ME lesions lacking a known fusion partner. The correlation between genotype and clinicopathological features was also investigated. As a result, six (9%) FUS-rearranged cases were identified, spanning divergent age groups, tumor locations, and morphologic features. A novel FUS-KLF17 fusion was identified by 3'-RACE in an 11-year-old girl with a foot lesion associated with locoregional metastases. Three additional cases with FUS-KLF17 fusions were identified and one KLF17 rearrangement (6.3%) was found among the 16 EWSR1-positive cases tested. The KLF17-related ME tumors affected younger patients and often exhibited trabecular growth in a myxohyaline stroma, but this genotype did not correlate with a malignant phenotype. In conclusion, a small subset of ME tumors harbor FUS rearrangements, two thirds of them being associated with KLF17 fusion. FUS FISH analysis is recommended in EWSR1-negative lesions in which a ME diagnosis is suspected. KLF17 is also a rare gene fusion partner to EWSR1-rearranged ME tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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20
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Barzola-Navarro EJ, Flores-García JÁ, López-Guerra D, Tejera-Pérez C, Rodríguez-Díez N, Gómez-Durán A, Rubio-Fernández A, Blanco-Fernández G. Duodenal Ewing´s sarcoma: Unusual location and atypical EWRS-1 translocation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2015; 107:109-110. [PMID: 25659392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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21
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Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, Zhang F, Dong Y, Zhang W, Han A. Clinicopathological features of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of 21 cases with variant morphology. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:772-778. [PMID: 25755773 PMCID: PMC4348856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the clinicopathological features of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) in 21 cases with emphasis on variant morphology. In our series, ten patients were male and eleven were female. The patients' mean age was 26.9 years old. Tumors were located on the lower limbs in eight cases, upper limbs in three, trunk in five, head and neck in four, and trachea in one. Microscopically, thirteen cases were characterized by typical AFH. Tumor cells showed marked tumor pleomorphism with giant hyperchromatic nuclei in two cases. Mitotic figures (2-3/10HPF) were found in two cases. Focal necrosis was found in one case. A number of multinucleated giant cells were found in two cases. Two cases showed obvious myxoid change in the stromal. Prominent sclerosing changes in the stromal component were found in two cases. Immunohistochemistry staining showed tumor cells were positive for EMA, desmin, and CD68. Five cases demonstrated the presence of rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene by FISH detection. Only two patients had tumor recurrence at 3 and 6 months after tumor resection, respectively. In conclusion, AFH has variant histological patterns. The differential diagnosis includes inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma, follicular dendritic cell tumor, and metastatic tumor of lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
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22
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Katabi N, Ghossein R, Ho A, Dogan S, Zhang L, Sung YS, Antonescu CR. Consistent PLAG1 and HMGA2 abnormalities distinguish carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma from its de novo counterparts. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:26-33. [PMID: 25439740 PMCID: PMC4768723 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CA ex-PA) is a malignant salivary gland tumor that arises in association with pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Both PA and CA ex-PA have a broad spectrum of histology, and distinction from their histologic mimics may be difficult based on morphology alone. PLAG1 and HMGA2 abnormalities are the most common genetic events in both PA and CA ex-PA; however, the use of PLAG1 and HMGA2 as adjunct molecular tests has not been well established. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for PLAG1 and HMGA2 was performed on 22 CA ex-PA (10 myoepithelial carcinomas [MECAs], 10 salivary duct carcinomas [SDCs], 1 carcinoma with squamoglandular features, and 1 mixed MECA-adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified), 20 de novo carcinomas (11 MECAs and 9 SDCs), 16 PAs, and 11 PA-histologic mimics. All except 3 CAs ex-PA (86%) were positive for PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangements/amplifications. In contrast, 18 (90%) of 20 de novo carcinomas lacked abnormalities in PLAG1 or HMGA2 (P < .01). PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangements were identified in 6 (67%) of 9 hypocellular myxoid PAs and in 2 (29%) of 7 cellular PAs. Furthermore, all morphologic mimics of PA were negative for PLAG1 or HMGA2. PLAG1 and HMGA2 rearrangements are the most common genetic events in CA ex-PA regardless of the histologic subtype. Unlike CA ex-PA, de novo carcinomas were negative for PLAG1 and HMGA2. Interestingly, rearrangements of PLAG1/HMGA2 were identified in most hypocellular PAs but only in a small subset of cellular PAs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for PLAG1 or HMGA2 can be used to distinguish between PA and CA ex-PA and their morphologic mimics.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/chemistry
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitosis
- Mitotic Index
- Myoepithelioma/chemistry
- Myoepithelioma/genetics
- Myoepithelioma/pathology
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/chemistry
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065.
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Alan Ho
- Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065.
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23
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Lorenzo-Betancor O, Ogaki K, Soto-Ortolaza A, Labbé C, Vilariño-Güell C, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Pastor P, Ortega S, Lorenzo E, Strongosky AJ, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA. Analysis of nuclear export sequence regions of FUS-Related RNA-binding proteins in essential tremor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111989. [PMID: 25375143 PMCID: PMC4222957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Genes encoding RNA-binding proteins, including FUS and TDP43, play a central role in different neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Recently, a mutation located in the nuclear export signal (NES) of the FUS gene has been reported to cause an autosomal dominant form of familial Essential tremor. Material and Methods We sequenced the exons coding the NES domains of five RNA-binding proteins (TARDBP, hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1, TAF15 and EWSR1) that have been previously implicated in neurodegeneration in a series of 257 essential tremor (ET) cases and 376 healthy controls. We genotyped 404 additional ET subjects and 510 healthy controls to assess the frequency of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution. Results We identified a rare EWSR1 p.R471C substitution, which is highly conserved, in a single subject with familial ET. The pathogenicity of this substitution remains equivocal, as DNA samples from relatives were not available and the genotyping of 404 additional ET subjects did not reveal any further carriers. No other variants were observed with significant allele frequency differences compared to controls in the NES coding regions. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the NES domains of RNA-binding proteins are highly conserved. The role of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution needs to be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Heath, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey J. Strongosky
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jay A. van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zbigniew K. Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Agaram NP, Chen HW, Zhang L, Sung YS, Panicek D, Healey JH, Nielsen GP, Fletcher CDM, Antonescu CR. EWSR1-PBX3: a novel gene fusion in myoepithelial tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 54:63-71. [PMID: 25231231 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of myoepithelial tumors (ME) of soft tissue and bone have recently been investigated, with EWSR1-related gene fusions being seen in approximately half of the tumors. The fusion partners of EWSR1 so far described include POU5F1, PBX1, ZNF444 and, in a rare case, ATF1. We investigated by RNA sequencing an index case of EWSR1-rearranged ME of the tibia, lacking a known fusion partner, and identified a novel EWSR1-PBX3 fusion. The fusion was further validated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To evaluate if this is a recurrent event, an additional cohort of 22 EWSR1-rearranged ME cases lacking a fusion partner were screened by FISH for abnormalities in PBX3 gene. Thus, two additional cases were identified showing an EWSR1-PBX3 gene fusion. One of them was also intraosseous involving the ankle, while the other occurred in the soft tissue of the index finger. The morphology of the EWSR1-PBX3 fusion positive cases showed similar findings, with nests or sheets of epithelioid to spindle cells in a partially myxoid to collagenous matrix. All three cases showed expression of S100 and EMA by immunohistochemistry. In summary, we report a novel EWSR1-PBX3 gene fusion in a small subset of ME, thereby expanding the spectrum of EWSR1-related gene fusions seen in these tumors. This gene fusion seems to occur preferentially in skeletal ME, with two of the three study cases occurring in intraosseous locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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25
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Thway K, Bown N, Miah A, Turner R, Fisher C. Rhabdoid Variant of Myoepithelial Carcinoma, with EWSR1 Rearrangement: Expanding the Spectrum of EWSR1-Rearranged Myoepithelial Tumors. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 9:273-9. [PMID: 24993038 PMCID: PMC4424215 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myoepithelial and mixed tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms for which classification is incomplete and continues to evolve. Those arising in the soft tissues appear to represent subgroups that are genetically distinct from those that occur within salivary glands. We describe a case of soft tissue myoepithelial carcinoma with rhabdoid morphology, which presented as an enlarging neck mass in a 40 year old male, and in which EWSR1 rearrangement was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This neoplasm showed diffuse INI1 loss, making distinction from other INI1-negative rhabdoid tumors difficult. This expands the range of reported histologic features of EWSR1-rearranged myoepithelial neoplasms, and highlights the significant morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap between this and other INI1-negative malignant rhabdoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK,
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26
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Sadri N, Barroeta J, Pack SD, Abdullaev Z, Chatterjee B, Puthiyaveettil R, Brooks JS, Barr FG, Zhang PJ. Malignant round cell tumor of bone with EWSR1-NFATC2 gene fusion. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:233-9. [PMID: 24993903 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene rearrangements involving the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene are seen in a broad range of sarcomas and some nonmesenchymal neoplasms. Ewing sarcoma is molecularly defined by a fusion of the EWSR1 gene (or rarely the related FUS gene) to a member of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors, frequently the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion. More recently, EWSR1 gene fusion to non-ETS family members, including the nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 2 (NFATC2) gene, has been reported in a histological variant of Ewing sarcoma. Here, we report a malignant round cell tumor of bone with an EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion gene. This report builds upon the unusual morphological and clinical presentation of bone neoplasms containing an EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sadri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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27
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Torres R, Martin MC, Garcia A, Cigudosa JC, Ramirez JC, Rodriguez-Perales S. Engineering human tumour-associated chromosomal translocations with the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3964. [PMID: 24888982 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related human chromosomal translocations are generated through the illegitimate joining of two non-homologous chromosomes affected by double-strand breaks (DSB). Effective methodologies to reproduce precise reciprocal tumour-associated chromosomal translocations are required to gain insight into the initiation of leukaemia and sarcomas. Here we present a strategy for generating cancer-related human chromosomal translocations in vitro based on the ability of the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system to induce DSBs at defined positions. Using this approach we generate human cell lines and primary cells bearing chromosomal translocations resembling those described in acute myeloid leukaemia and Ewing's sarcoma at high frequencies. FISH and molecular analysis at the mRNA and protein levels of the fusion genes involved in these engineered cells reveal the reliability and accuracy of the CRISPR-Cas9 approach, providing a powerful tool for cancer studies.
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MESH Headings
- Artificial Gene Fusion
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- R Torres
- Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Martin
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Garcia
- Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Cigudosa
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Ramirez
- Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Kinkor Z, Vaneček T, Svajdler M, Mukenšnabl P, Veselý K, Baxa J, Kokavec M. [Where does Ewing sarcoma end and begin - two cases of unusual bone tumors with t(20;22)(EWSR1-NFATc2) alteration]. Cesk Patol 2014; 50:87-91. [PMID: 24758504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors present two cases of Ewing-like sarcoma of the humerus and femur of a 12-year-old boy and a 28-year-old male, respectively. Identical morphology in both tumors consisted of multiple solid nests with a mosaic collection of small, round, uniform cells with clear cytoplasm and no apparent nuclear atypia. A monotonous structural arrangement, including both rich vascularity of bordering septae and significant admixtures of eosinophil leucocytes, resulted in a final organoid "neuroendocrine-like" pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse strong CD10, CD99 and CD138 positivity. Detailed molecular analysis in both tumors confirmed translocation t(20;22) resulting in an EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion gene. Additionally, this translocation was accompanied by amplification of the proximal part of the genes and surrounding areas. Clinically, both neoplasms behaved aggressively and they were primarily chemoresistant. Four years later, the patient with the lesion in the humerus developed a massive local recurrence with a disruption of osteosynthesis. The last follow-up disclosed suspicious metastatic deposits in the lung. The boy with the femoral tumor underwent a total femoral prosthesis and there are no signs of local or systemic recurrence after 11 months of follow-up. The authors discuss the taxonomic placement of these rare examples of Ewing-like sarcoma family in the light of new molecular discoveries.
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29
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Maffini F, French CA, Cameron MJ, Stufano V, Barberis M, Pisa E, Manzotti M, Cattaneo A, De Fiori E, Viale G. A case of NUT midline carcinoma with no HPV infection, slight EWSR1 rearrangement and strong expression of EGFR. Tumori 2014. [PMID: 24326851 DOI: 10.1700/1361.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis and involving mostly young patients. Here we describe a classic NMC with a BRD4-NUT fusion gene in a middle-aged woman. We also analyzed some biological features that could potentially influence its clinical behavior such as HPV infection, EWSR1 rearrangement, and the status of the EGFR gene.
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30
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Agaram NP, Zhang L, Sung YS, Singer S, Antonescu CR. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with non-EWSR1-NR4A3 variant fusions correlate with rhabdoid phenotype and high-grade morphology. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1084-91. [PMID: 24746215 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMC) are rare soft tissue sarcomas with distinctive histology and uncertain histogenesis, characterized by Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (EWSR1-NR4A3) fusion in 75% of the cases. A smaller proportion of cases show NR4A3 fused to other gene partners including TATA binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15), transcription factor 12 (TCF12), and TRK-fused gene (TFG). The impact of various gene fusions on morphology and outcome has not been previously evaluated. We investigated 26 consecutive EMCs and correlated the genetic findings with morphology and clinical outcome. There were 5 females and 21 males (median age, 49.5 years). Mean size of the tumors was 11 cm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed EWSR1-NR4A3 gene fusion in 16 cases (62%), TAF15-NR4A3 gene fusion in 7 cases (27%), and TCF12-NR4A3 gene fusion in 1 case (4%). Two cases showed only NR4A3 gene rearrangements. Morphologically, most EWSR1-rearranged tumors (10/16) showed low cellularity, minimal cytologic atypia, and low mitotic counts. In contrast, 80% of EMCs with variant (non-EWSR1) NR4A3 gene fusions (TAF15, TCF12) had high-grade morphology with increased cellularity, proliferation, and cytologic atypia, showing a plasmacytoid/rhabdoid morphology in half the cases. Follow-up showed that only 1 of 16 patients with EWSR1-rearranged tumors died of disease, in contrast to 3 (43%) of 7 TAF15-rearranged tumors. In conclusion, EMCs with variant NR4A3 gene fusions show a higher incidence of rhabdoid phenotype, high-grade morphology, and a more aggressive outcome compared with the EWSR1-NR4A3 positive tumors. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for NR4A3, along with EWSR1, may be an additional ancillary test to confirm diagnosis of EMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.
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Sasaki T, Onishi T, Yabana T, Hoshina A. Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the adrenal gland: a case report and literature review. Tumori 2013. [PMID: 24158076 DOI: 10.1700/1334.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of Ewing's sarcoma (ES)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) arising from the adrenal gland. A 17-year-old Japanese woman presented with left upper abdominal pain and high fever. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 15 × 10 cm tumor replacing the adrenal gland. Preoperative diagnosis was an adrenocortical carcinoma. Resection of the tumor was performed. We obtained the final diagnosis of ES/PNET by immunohistochemical molecular study with positive staining for the MIC2 gene product (CD99) and a Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene rearrangement. Local recurrence was observed one month after the surgery. The patient was then treated with systemic chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- 12E7 Antigen
- Abdominal Pain/etiology
- Adolescent
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/therapy
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Fever/etiology
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/complications
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/therapy
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Sarcoma, Ewing/complications
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Wang Z, Fan QH, Wang J, Ding YL. [Solid variant of angiomatoid fibrous histocytoma:report of 3 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:744-747. [PMID: 24447551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, molecular genetics and differential diagnosis of solid variant of angiomatoid fibrous histocytoma. METHODS The clinicopathologic features of 3 cases of solid variant of angiomatoid fibrous histocytoma were analyzed and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS There were a total of 2 males and 1 female. The age of patients ranged from 9 to 12 years. The patients presented with a painless mass located in left forearm, left knee or back. The lesions were treated by complete surgical resection. On gross examination, the tumors varied from 1.6 cm to 4.5 cm in greatest dimension. They were well-circumscribed and had pale yellow to grayish-red solid cut surface. Histologically, the tumor was composed of histocytoid cells arranged in sheet-like pattern. A fibrous pseudocapsule surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells was identified. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells in all cases were positive for vimentin and CD68. They were negative for S100 protein, cytokeratin, CD34, CD31, smooth muscle actin, CD35, CD21 and CD30. Two cases also expressed CD99 and one of them was positive for desmin and epithelial membrane antigen. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization was positive for EWSR1 gene. CONCLUSIONS Solid type represents a variant of angiomatoid fibrous histocytoma and is considered as tumor of borderline malignant potential. Definitive diagnosis requires thorough histologic examination and clinical correlation. Immunohistochemistry and EWSR1 gene study are helpful in further delineation and differential diagnosis. Complete resection or wide local excision with post-operative follow up is the main modality of treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Back
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Child
- Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Forearm
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/genetics
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/metabolism
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/pathology
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/surgery
- Humans
- Knee
- Male
- Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/pathology
- Neurilemmoma/metabolism
- Neurilemmoma/pathology
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029, China
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Abstract
In recent years the discovery of translocations and the fusion oncogenes that they result in has changed the way diagnoses are made in the salivary gland. These genetic aberrations are recurrent and reproducible and at the very least serve as powerful diagnostic tools in salivary gland diagnosis and salivary gland classification. They also show promise as prognostic markers and hopefully as targets of therapy. Many of these fusions have been found in other tumor types that show little to no overlap with their salivary gland counterparts, but effectively they are specific within the salivary gland. In this review the 5 tumors currently known to harbor translocations will be discussed, namely pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mammary analog secretory carcinoma, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma. The discovery and implications of each fusion will be highlighted and how they have helped reshape the current classification of salivary gland tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 1/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- NFI Transcription Factors/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-myb/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, trkC/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Weinreb
- *Department of Pathology, University Health Network †Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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King OD, Gitler AD, Shorter J. The tip of the iceberg: RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains in neurodegenerative disease. Brain Res 2012; 1462:61-80. [PMID: 22445064 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prions are self-templating protein conformers that are naturally transmitted between individuals and promote phenotypic change. In yeast, prion-encoded phenotypes can be beneficial, neutral or deleterious depending upon genetic background and environmental conditions. A distinctive and portable 'prion domain' enriched in asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine and glycine residues unifies the majority of yeast prion proteins. Deletion of this domain precludes prionogenesis and appending this domain to reporter proteins can confer prionogenicity. An algorithm designed to detect prion domains has successfully identified 19 domains that can confer prion behavior. Scouring the human genome with this algorithm enriches a select group of RNA-binding proteins harboring a canonical RNA recognition motif (RRM) and a putative prion domain. Indeed, of 210 human RRM-bearing proteins, 29 have a putative prion domain, and 12 of these are in the top 60 prion candidates in the entire genome. Startlingly, these RNA-binding prion candidates are inexorably emerging, one by one, in the pathology and genetics of devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U), Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. For example, FUS and TDP-43, which rank 1st and 10th among RRM-bearing prion candidates, form cytoplasmic inclusions in the degenerating motor neurons of ALS patients and mutations in TDP-43 and FUS cause familial ALS. Recently, perturbed RNA-binding proteostasis of TAF15, which is the 2nd ranked RRM-bearing prion candidate, has been connected with ALS and FTLD-U. We strongly suspect that we have now merely reached the tip of the iceberg. We predict that additional RNA-binding prion candidates identified by our algorithm will soon surface as genetic modifiers or causes of diverse neurodegenerative conditions. Indeed, simple prion-like transfer mechanisms involving the prion domains of RNA-binding proteins could underlie the classical non-cell-autonomous emanation of neurodegenerative pathology from originating epicenters to neighboring portions of the nervous system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled RNA-Binding Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D King
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, 64 Grove St., Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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Leça LB, Vieira J, Teixeira MR, Monteiro P. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2012; 56:576-80. [PMID: 23075903 DOI: 10.1159/000338523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity with an aggressive clinical course that typically involves the abdominal and/or pelvic peritoneum of young males. A population of small round blue cells and a fibroesclerotic stroma are the usual morphologic features. This tumor is characterized by a typical polyphenotypic profile with expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and neural markers. Cytogenetically, this tumor presents a unique abnormality - t(11;22)(p13;q12). CASE A 29-year-old male without significant medical history was admitted to our institution with gastrointestinal symptomatology. The physical examination and medical imaging studies revealed an extensive soft tissue mass filling the entire peritoneal cavity/pelvis. A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the abdominal mass was performed. The FNA smears revealed fragments of collagenous desmoplastic stroma and clusters of loosely cohesive small round cells that showed positivity for epithelial and myogenic markers. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated rearrangement of the genes EWSR1 and WT1, resulting from the t(11;22)(p13;q12). CONCLUSION DSRCT is an uncommon neoplasm that shares clinical and cytomorphologic features with other small round cell tumors. Therefore, a primary definitive diagnosis based on cytology specimens may be difficult but plausible and can be aided by a typical clinical presentation and ancillary immunocytochemical/cytogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B Leça
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Flucke U, Palmedo G, Blankenhorn N, Slootweg PJ, Kutzner H, Mentzel T. EWSR1 gene rearrangement occurs in a subset of cutaneous myoepithelial tumors: a study of 18 cases. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1444-50. [PMID: 21725291 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous myoepithelial tumors form a clinicopathological spectrum ranging from mixed tumor to myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma. Recently, EWSR1 rearrangement has been described in a subset of soft tissue myoepithelial tumors, whereas the cutaneous counterparts showed this aberration in a minority of cases. This raises the question whether cutaneous myoepithelial tumors have comparable genetic alterations. We examined 18 cases of cutaneous myoepithelial tumors arising in 7 female and 11 male patients (age range, 34-86 years; mean, 58 years). Eight mixed tumors occurred at the head, and one at the scrotum. Six myoepitheliomas arose at the extremities, and one case each at the back and head. One myoepithelial carcinoma occurred at the cheek. The tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 cm (mean, 1.0 cm). All mixed tumors and three myoepitheliomas were limited to the dermis. Four myoepitheliomas and the myoepithelial carcinoma involved the subcutis. Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas were composed of myoepithelial cells with a variable cytomorphology, architecture and stromal background. Ductal structures were seen by definition in mixed tumors. The myoepithelial carcinoma represented an infiltrative dermal neoplasm consisting of atypical spindle cells. Immunohistochemically, all cases tested were positive for EMA and calponin, whereas S100, CK, ASMA and GFAP were expressed in 90%, 80%, 78% and 50% of the cases tested, respectively. By fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, 7 out of 16 cases (44%) exhibited EWSR1 rearrangement. Four of them were mixed tumors, two were myoepitheliomas and one was a myoepithelial carcinoma, confirming that these lesions represent a spectrum of dermal myoepithelial tumors. Follow-up information, available for five patients (including the patient with a myoepithelial carcinoma), revealed no evidence of disease in all cases (range, 6-72 months). Our study provides a genetic relationship of myoepithelial tumors of the skin with their counterparts in soft tissue, bone and visceral localization by sharing EWSR1 rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lin WL, Chen FL, Kuo JF, Lee MY, Han CP. Cytokeratin 8/18 monoclonal antibody was dissimilar to anti-cytokeratin CAM 5.2.--a comment on: "Discovery of two novel EWSR1/ATF1 transcripts in four chimerical transcripts-expressing clear cell sarcoma and their quantitative evaluation, Experimental and Molecular Pathology 90(2): 194-200, April 2011". Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:323-4. [PMID: 21510931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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El-Kabany M, Al-Abdulghani R, Ali AE, Francis IMM, Hussein SA. Soft tissue high grade myoepithelial carcinoma with round cell morphology: report of a newly described entity with EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Gulf J Oncolog 2011:73-77. [PMID: 21177214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The case of soft tissue malignant myoepithelioma is presented including clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic findings. A 36-year-old Saudi male patient suffered from large mass involving right scapula and right shoulder joint measuring 14x13x11 mm. Core biopsy revealed sheets and lobules of poorly differentiated small malignant cells with marked atypia and frequent mitosis. Initially, immunohistochemistry was reactive for vimentin, pan-cytokeratin, EMA and CD99. The case was negative for desmin, SMA, CD34, S-100 protein and GFAP. FISH analysis exhibited negativity for SS18 (18q11.2) gene rearrangement and positivity for EWSR1 (22q12) gene rearrangement and a diagnosis of Ewing/PNET was considered. Clinical behavior and therapeutic response did not match the diagnosis with re-evaluation. Wedge biopsy demonstrated aggregates of epithelioid cells besides calponin and P63 positivity. Final diagnosis of malignant myoepithelioma with EWSR1 gene rearrangement was issued; a new entity with aggressive course. Myoepithelial carcinoma of soft tissue exhibits a wide spectrum of cytomorphology with overlapping phenotype similar to other soft tissue sarcoma like synovial sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma as well as Ewing/PNET. Moreover, a new finding of EWSR1 gene rearrangement is recognized in malignant myoepithelioma with different fusion partners. Hence, myoepithelial carcinoma should be kept in mind in diagnosis of soft tissue tumors even with unusual phenotype and gene rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Kabany
- Department of Pathology, Hussain Makki Al-Juma Center for Specialized Surgery, Kuwait.
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Antonescu CR, Zhang L, Chang NE, Pawel BR, Travis W, Katabi N, Edelman M, Rosenberg AE, Nielsen GP, Cin PD, Fletcher CD. EWSR1-POU5F1 fusion in soft tissue myoepithelial tumors. A molecular analysis of sixty-six cases, including soft tissue, bone, and visceral lesions, showing common involvement of the EWSR1 gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:1114-24. [PMID: 20815032 PMCID: PMC3540416 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of myoepithelial (ME) tumors outside salivary glands remains challenging, especially in unusual clinical presentations, such as bone or visceral locations. A few reports have indicated EWSR1 gene rearrangement in soft tissue ME tumors, and, in one case each, the fusion partner was identified as either PBX1 or ZNF444. However, larger studies to investigate whether these genetic abnormalities are recurrent or restricted to tumors in soft tissue locations are lacking. Sixty-six ME tumors mainly from soft tissue (71%), but also from skin, bone, and visceral locations, characterized by classic morphological features and supporting immunoprofile were studied. Gene rearrangements in EWSR1, FUS, PBX1, and ZNF444 were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. EWSR1 gene rearrangement was detected in 45% of the cases. A EWSR1-POU5F1 fusion was identified in a pediatric soft tissue tumor by 3'Rapid Amplification of cDNA Euds (RACE) and subsequently confirmed in four additional soft tissue tumors in children and young adults. An EWSR1-PBX1 fusion was seen in five cases, whereas EWSR1-ZNF444 and FUS gene rearrangement was noted in one pulmonary tumor each. In conclusion, EWSR1 gene rearrangement is a common event in ME tumors arising outside salivary glands, irrespective of anatomical location. EWSR1-negative tumors were more often benign, superficially located, and showed ductal differentiation, suggesting the possibility of genetically distinct groups. A subset of soft tissue ME tumors with clear cell morphology harbor an EWSR1-POU5F1 fusion, which can be used as a molecular diagnostic test in difficult cases. These findings do not support a pathogenetic relationship between soft tissue ME tumors and their salivary gland counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ning-en Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Bruce R. Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Morris Edelman
- Department of Pathology, Long Island Jewish Hospital, New Hyde Park, NY
| | | | - G. Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Awad O, Yustein JT, Shah P, Gul N, Katuri V, O'Neill A, Kong Y, Brown ML, Toretsky JA, Loeb DM. High ALDH activity identifies chemotherapy-resistant Ewing's sarcoma stem cells that retain sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 inhibition. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13943. [PMID: 21085683 PMCID: PMC2978678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells are a chemotherapy-resistant population capable of self-renewal and of regenerating the bulk tumor, thereby causing relapse and patient death. Ewing's sarcoma, the second most common form of bone tumor in adolescents and young adults, follows a clinical pattern consistent with the Cancer Stem Cell model - remission is easily achieved, even for patients with metastatic disease, but relapse remains frequent and is usually fatal. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have isolated a subpopulation of Ewing's sarcoma cells, from both human cell lines and human xenografts grown in immune deficient mice, which express high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH(high)) activity and are enriched for clonogenicity, sphere-formation, and tumor initiation. The ALDH(high) cells are resistant to chemotherapy in vitro, but this can be overcome by the ATP binding cassette transport protein inhibitor, verapamil. Importantly, these cells are not resistant to YK-4-279, a small molecule inhibitor of EWS-FLI1 that is selectively toxic to Ewing's sarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Ewing's sarcoma contains an ALDH(high) stem-like population of chemotherapy-resistant cells that retain sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 inhibition. Inhibiting the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein may prove to be an effective means of improving patient outcomes by targeting Ewing's sarcoma stem cells that survive standard chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Verapamil/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Awad
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Preeti Shah
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naheed Gul
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Varalakshmi Katuri
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Yali Kong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Milton L. Brown
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Toretsky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - David M. Loeb
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang L, Hu HM, Zielinska-Kwiatkowska A, Chansky HA. FOXO1 is a direct target of EWS-Fli1 oncogenic fusion protein in Ewing's sarcoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:129-34. [PMID: 20933505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ewing's family tumors are characterized by a specific t(11;22) chromosomal translocation that results in the formation of EWS-Fli1 oncogenic fusion protein. To investigate the effects of EWS-Fli1 on gene expression, we carried out DNA microarray analysis after specific knockdown of EWS-Fli1 through transfection of synthetic siRNAs. EWS-Fli1 knockdown increased expression of genes such as DKK1 and p57 that are known to be repressed by EWS-Fli1 fusion protein. Among other potential EWS-Fli1 targets identified by our microarray analysis, we have focused on the FOXO1 gene since it encodes a potential tumor suppressor and has not been previously reported in Ewing's cells. To better understand how EWS-Fli1 affects FOXO1 expression, we have established a doxycycline-inducible siRNA system to achieve stable and reversible knockdown of EWS-Fli1 in Ewing's sarcoma cells. Here we show that FOXO1 expression in Ewing's cells has an inverse relationship with EWS-Fli1 protein level, and FOXO1 promoter activity is increased after doxycycline-induced EWS-Fli1 knockdown. In addition, we have found that direct binding of EWS-Fli1 to FOXO1 promoter is attenuated after doxycycline-induced siRNA knockdown of the fusion protein. Together, these results suggest that suppression of FOXO1 function by EWS-Fli1 fusion protein may contribute to cellular transformation in Ewing's family tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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42
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43
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Noguchi H, Mitsuhashi T, Seki K, Tochigi N, Tsuji M, Shimoda T, Hasegawa T. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas using EWSR1 and NR4A3 probes. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:336-42. [PMID: 19775727 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Noguchi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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44
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Pfeifle C, Reinhardt K, Heins S, Burdach S, Staege MS. Development and characterization of HAT-sensitive Ewing tumour cells for immunotherapy. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:4489-4496. [PMID: 20032396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the treatment of patients with Ewing family tumours (EFT) during the past decades, the prognosis for patients with advanced disease is still unsatisfying. New treatment strategies have to be developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT)-sensitive EFT cell line was developed by repetitive treatment of the EFT cell line SK-N-MC with 8'-azaguanine (8AG). By using DNA microarrays, the gene expression profile of this cell line was characterized. Immunostimulatory activity was assessed by mixed lymphocyte/tumour cell culture (MLTC). Artificial fusion of tumour cells and dendritic cells was visualized by flow cytometry. RESULTS After selection of 8AG-resistant cells, a cell line with high sensitivity for treatment with HAT was obtained. Expression of the X chromosome inactivation specific transcript XIST was higher in HAT-sensitive cells. Nevertheless, HAT-sensitive cells retained the EFT-associated gene expression profile. Moreover, in the presence of HAT, it was possible to use these cells without irradiation as stimulatory cells in MLTC or as fusion partner for dendritic cells. CONCLUSION HAT-sensitive EFT cells might be an interesting tool for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of EFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeifle
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Str. 40, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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Joo J, Christensen L, Warner K, States L, Kang HG, Vo K, Lawlor ER, May WA. GLI1 is a central mediator of EWS/FLI1 signaling in Ewing tumors. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7608. [PMID: 19859563 PMCID: PMC2763206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumors (ESFT) consist of the classical pathologic entities of Ewing Sarcoma and peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor. Occurring largely in the childhood through young adult years, these tumors have an unsurpassed propensity for metastasis and have no defined cell of origin. The biology of these aggressive malignancies centers around EWS/FLI1 and related EWS/ETS chimeric transcription factors, which are largely limited to this tumor class. Much progress has been made in the identification of a network of loci whose expression is modulated by EWS/FLI1 and its congeners. To date, little progress has been made in reconstructing the sequence of direct and indirect events that produce this network of modulated loci. The recent identification of GLI1 as an upregulated target of EWS/ETS transcription factors suggests a target which may be a more central mediator in the ESFT signaling network. In this paper, we further define the relationship of EWS/FLI1 expression and GLI1 upregulation in ESFT. This relationship is supported with data from primary tumor specimens. It is consistently observed across multiple ESFT cell lines and with multiple means of EWS/FLI1 inhibition. GLI1 inhibition affects tumor cell line phenotype whether shRNA or endogenous or pharmacologic inhibitors are employed. As is seen in model transformation systems, GLI1 upregulation by EWS/FLI1 appears to be independent of Hedgehog stimulation. Consistent with a more central role in ESFT pathogenesis, several known EWS/FLI1 targets appear to be targeted through GLI1. These findings further establish a central role for GLI1 in the pathogenesis of Ewing Tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Joo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Christensen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kegan Warner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Leith States
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kieuhoa Vo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Lawlor
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - William A. May
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Frigyesi I, Möller E, Stewénius Y, Isaksson M, Bras J, Alumets J, Øra I, Sandstedt B, Gisselsson D. Low frequency of EWSR1 rearrangements in neoplasms classified as high-risk Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:683-4. [PMID: 19492315 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Subbiah V, Anderson P, Lazar AJ, Burdett E, Raymond K, Ludwig JA. Ewing’s Sarcoma: Standard and Experimental Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2009; 10:126-40. [PMID: 19533369 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-009-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Bone Neoplasms/surgery
- Child
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/radiotherapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/secondary
- Sarcoma, Ewing/surgery
- Survival Rate
- Therapies, Investigational
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Translocation, Genetic
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Labortory of Sarcoma Molecular Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Hühn R, Staege MS, Hesse M, Liebig B, Burdach SEG. Cleavage of the Ewing tumour-specific EWSR1-FLI1 mRNA by hammerhead ribozymes. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:1901-1908. [PMID: 19528446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing family tumours (EFT) are the second most common bone tumours in children and adolescents. In the majority of EFT, EWSR1-FLI1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-Friend leukaemia virus integration 1) fusion proteins can be detected and EWSR1-FLI1 substantially contributes to the malignant phenotype of EFT. Therefore, inactivation of EWSR1-FLI1 is an interesting strategy for EFT therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A ribozyme with specificity for EWSR1-FLI1 was developed and the activity in vitro was investigated. Synthetic RNAs corresponding to EWSR1-FLI1 were used as substrates. In addition, the total RNA from EFT cells was used as substrate and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method for the detection of the cleavage products was used. RESULTS The ribozyme cleaved the synthetic RNA in a sequence specific manner with high efficiency in vitro. Furthermore, the expected cleavage products were detected after digestion of the total cellular RNA with this ribozyme. A point mutation in the catalytic centre of the ribozyme abolished enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION The RNA corresponding to EWSR1-FLI1 is accessible for ribozyme mediated inactivation and ribozymes are able to cleave EWSR1-FLI1 specific RNA in the presence of a high background of normal cellular RNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- RNA, Catalytic/chemical synthesis
- RNA, Catalytic/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hühn
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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Embree LJ, Azuma M, Hickstein DD. Ewing sarcoma fusion protein EWSR1/FLI1 interacts with EWSR1 leading to mitotic defects in zebrafish embryos and human cell lines. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4363-71. [PMID: 19417137 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism whereby the fusion of EWSR1 with the ETS transcription factor FLI1 contributes to malignant transformation in Ewing sarcoma remains unclear. We show that injection of human or zebrafish EWSR1/FLI1 mRNA into developing zebrafish embryos leads to mitotic defects with multipolar and disorganized mitotic spindles. Expression of human EWSR1/FLI1 in HeLa cells also results in mitotic defects, along with mislocalization of Aurora kinase B, a key regulator of mitotic progression. Because these mitotic abnormalities mimic those observed with the knockdown of EWSR1 in zebrafish embryos and HeLa cells, we investigated whether EWSR1/FLI1 interacts with EWSR1 and interferes with its function. EWSR1 coimmunoprecipitates with EWSR1/FLI1, and overexpression of EWSR1 rescues the mitotic defects in EWSR1/FLI1-transfected HeLa cells. This interaction between EWSR1/FLI1 and EWSR1 in Ewing sarcoma may induce mitotic defects leading to genomic instability and subsequent malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Embree
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND EWS-FLI1 is a chimeric ETS transcription factor that is, due to a chromosomal rearrangement, specifically expressed in Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) and is thought to initiate the development of the disease. Previous genomic profiling experiments have identified EWS-FLI1-regulated genes and genes that discriminate ESFT from other sarcomas, but so far a comprehensive analysis of EWS-FLI1-dependent molecular functions characterizing this aggressive cancer is lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, a molecular function map of ESFT was constructed based on an integrative analysis of gene expression profiling experiments following EWS-FLI1 knockdown in a panel of five ESFT cell lines, and on gene expression data from the same platform of 59 primary ESFT. Out of 80 normal tissues tested, mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) were found to fit the hypothesis that EWS-FLI1 is the driving transcriptional force in ESFT best and were therefore used as the reference tissue for the construction of the molecular function map. The interrelations of molecular pathways were visualized by measuring the similarity among annotated gene functions by gene sharing. The molecular function map highlighted distinct clusters of activities for EWS-FLI1 regulated genes in ESFT and revealed a striking difference between EWS-FLI1 up- and down-regulated genes: EWS-FLI1 induced genes mainly belong to cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and response to DNA damage, while repressed genes were associated with differentiation and cell communication. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed that EWS-FLI1 combines by distinct molecular mechanisms two important functions of cellular transformation in one protein, growth promotion and differentiation blockage. By taking MPC as a reference tissue, a significant EWS-FLI1 signature was discovered in ESFT that only partially overlapped with previously published EWS-FLI1-dependent gene expression patterns, identifying a series of novel targets for the chimeric protein in ESFT. Our results may guide target selection for future ESFT specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kauer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Ban
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Kofler
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bob Walker
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean Davis
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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