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Rehman YU, Iqbal A, Ali G, Alotaibi G, Ahmed A, Ayaz M. Phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging and glioblastoma U87 cells toxicity studies of stem bark of buckthorn (Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker). BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:12. [PMID: 38167318 PMCID: PMC10759440 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past two decades, the correlation between oxidative stress and a variety of serious illnesses such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and cancer has been established. Medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals have proven efficacy against free radicals and their associated diseases. The current work was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antioxidant and anti-glioblastoma potentials. METHODS The bioactive compounds were analysed in Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker stem bark extracts by GC-MS analysis, and to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-glioblastoma effects following standard procedures. The stem bark was extracted with 80% methanol for 14 days to get crude methanolic extract (Rp.Cme) followed by polarity directed fractionation using solvents including ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol to get ethyl acetate fraction (Rp.EtAc), chloroform fraction (Rp.Chf) and butanol fraction (Rp.Bt) respectively. Antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH free radicals and cell viability assay against U87 glioblastoma cancer cell lines was performed via MTT assay. RESULTS In GC-MS analysis, thirty-one compounds were detected in Rp.Cme, 22 in Rp.Chf, 24 in Rp.EtAc and 18 compounds were detected in Rp.Bt. Among the identified compounds in Rp.Cme, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester (7.73%), Octasiloxane (5.13%) and Heptasiloxane (5.13%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.76%) and Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl Ester (3.76%) were highly abundant.. In Rp.Chf, Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl- (3.24%) and in Rp.EtAc Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-(11.29%) were highly abundant compounds. Antioxidant studies revealed that Rp.Cme and Rp.EtAc exhibit considerable antioxidant potentials with IC50 values of 153.53 μg/ml and 169.62 μg/ml respectively. Both fractions were also highly effective against glioblastoma cells with IC50 of 147.64 μg/ml and 76.41ug/ml respectively. CONCLUSION Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important metabolites which might be active against free radicals and glioblastoma cells. Various samples of the plant exhibited considerable antioxidant and anti-glioblastoma potentials warranting further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public Health Department Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, UofK, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, 18000, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan.
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Bouhlel Chatti I, Krichen Y, Horchani M, Maatouk M, Trabelsi A, Lassoued MA, Ben Jannet H, Ghédira LC. Anthraquinones from Rhamnus alaternus L.: A Phytocosmetic Ingredient with Photoprotective and Antimelanogenesis Properties. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300876. [PMID: 38037520 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to develop a phytocosmetic sunscreen emulsion with antioxidant activity and an anti-melanogenic effect, containing an anthraquinone-enriched extract of Rhamnus alaternus (A.E.). Our findings demonstrated that A.E. decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and malondialdehyde induced by UVA in human keratinocytes and melanocytes. Furthermore, the calculated SPF value in vitro of the cream containing A.E. was 14.26±0.152. Later, it was shown that A.E. extract had an inhibitory effect on the amount of melanin. This extract could also reduce B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity. Besides, docking studies were carried out to provide a logical justification for the anti-tyrosinase potential. The findings showed that, A.E. may provide protection against UVA-induced oxidative stress and could be thought of as a viable treatment for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Bouhlel Chatti
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology and Geology, Higher Institute of Applied Science and Technology of Gabe s, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Krichen
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mabrouk Horchani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Maatouk
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amine Trabelsi
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir Ghédira
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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Guiquan S, Jiali F, Shuai G, Wenya H, Xiangkun K, Sheng Z, Yueling Z, Xuelian J. Geographic distribution and impacts of climate change on the suitable habitats of Rhamnus utilis Decne in China. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:592. [PMID: 38008724 PMCID: PMC10680213 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhamnus utilis Decne (Rhamnaceae) is an ecologically and economically important tree species. The growing market demands and recent anthropogenic impacts to R. utilis forests has negatively impacted its populations severely. However, little is known about the potential distribution of this species and environmental factors that affect habitat suitability for this species. By using 219 occurrence records along with 51 environmental factors, present and future suitable habitats were estimated for R. utilis using Maxent modeling; the important environmental factors affecting its distribution were analyzed. RESULTS January water vapor pressure, normalized difference vegetation index, mean diurnal range, and precipitation of the warmest quarter represented the critical factors explaining the environmental requirements of R. utilis. The potential habitat of R. utilis included most provinces from central to southeast China. Under the climate change scenario SSP 245, Maxent predicted a cumulative loss of ca. 0.73 × 105 km2 in suitable habitat for R. utilis during 2041-2060 while an increase of ca. 0.65 × 105 km2 occurred during 2081-2100. Furthermore, under this climate change scenario, the suitable habitat will geographically expand to higher elevations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide a foundation for targeted conservation efforts and inform future research on R. utilis. By considering the identified environmental factors and anticipating the potential impacts of climate change, conservation strategies can be developed to preserve and restore suitable habitats for R. utilis. Protecting this species is not only crucial for maintaining biodiversity but also for sustaining the economic benefits associated with its ecological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guiquan
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Feng Jiali
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Gong Shuai
- Sinochem Agriculture Holdings Co. Ltd, Beijing, 1000323, China
| | - Hao Wenya
- Sinochem Agriculture Holdings Co. Ltd, Beijing, 1000323, China
| | - Kong Xiangkun
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Zhao Sheng
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Zhao Yueling
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Jiang Xuelian
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China.
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Vuletić S, Bekić M, Tomić S, Nikolić B, Cvetković S, Ganić T, Mitić-Ćulafić D. Could alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill) be a source of chemotherapeutics effective against hepato- and colorectal carcinoma? An in vitro study. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 892:503706. [PMID: 37973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Among numerous types of cancer, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma are important causes of mortality. Given the nature of these cancer types and their resistance, it is of great importance to find new chemotherapeutics and therapy targets, so plant products seem to be an excellent choice in such search. The main goal of this study was to investigate anticancer activity of Frangula alnus ethyl-acetate extract (FA) and its dominant constituent emodin (E) on hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and HCT116, as well as on normal MRC-5 fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity was investigated in MTT test and both FA and E showed strong reduction of cell viability in cancer cells. Flow cytometer analysis demonstrated that FA and E led to G1 phase arrest and slight accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase; additionally, annexinV-FITC/7AAD dying showed that FA and E decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis in all cell lines. FA and E evidenced strong genotoxic potential in comet assay performed on all cell lines, while tests measuring antioxidative potential (DPPH and TBA) demonstrated strong effect of FA. It could be concluded that both FA and E have significant anticancer activity against hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and HCT116, but notable selectivity was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Vuletić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Bekić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefana Cvetković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tea Ganić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mitić-Ćulafić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sulaiman HY, Runno-Paurson E, Kaurilind E, Niinemets Ü. Differential impact of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) infection on photosynthesis and volatile emissions in the primary host Avena sativa and the alternate host Rhamnus frangula. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2029-2046. [PMID: 36610799 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rust infection results in decreases in photosynthesis and stress volatile emissions, but how these changes vary among host species has not been studied. We demonstrated that the impact of the obligate biotrophic fungus, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, on foliage physiological processes is stronger in the primary host, Avena sativa (cultivated oat), than in the alternate host, Rhamnus frangula (alder buckthorn). Photosynthesis decreased with increasing percentage of damaged leaf area (DA) in both species, but reductions were greater in A. sativa. In A. sativa, photosynthetic reductions resulted from reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity; in R. frangula, reductions were due to reduced capacity. Infection reduced photosynthetic biomass and key nutrients in A. sativa, but not in R. frangula. In A. sativa, stress-elicited emissions (methyl jasmonate, green leaf volatiles, long-chain saturated aldehydes, mono- and sesquiterpenes, benzenoids, and carotenoid breakdown products) increased with increasing DA from 0% to 40%, but decreased with further increases in DA. In R. frangula, volatile emissions were slightly elicited but, surprisingly, constitutive isoprene emissions were enhanced. Different hosts had characteristic volatile fingerprints, indicating differential activation of biochemical pathways. Fungal-elicited reductions in photosynthesis scale uniformly with stress severity. In the sensitive host, biphasic scaling of volatiles indicates that heavy spread of chlorosis/necrosis leads to an overall cessation of physiological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Santos AA, Farder-Gomes CF, Ribeiro AV, Costa TL, França JCO, Bacci L, Demuner AJ, Serrão JE, Picanço MC. Lethal and sublethal effects of an emulsion based on Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) essential oil on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:45763-45773. [PMID: 35152351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The global search for eco-friendly and human-safe pesticides has intensified, and research on essential oils (EOs) has expanded due to their remarkable insecticidal activities and apparent human-safe. Despite this, most of the literature focuses on short-term and simplified efforts to understand lethal effects, with only a few comprehensive studies addressing sublethal exposures. To fill this shortcoming, we explore the lethal and sublethal effects of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) EO and an EO-based emulsion (18%) using the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as a model. First, we determine the toxicity of EO and EO-based emulsion using dose-mortality curves and lethal times. Second, we subjected adult females of H. hampei to sublethal doses to assess whether they affected their behavior, reproductive output, and histological features. Our findings reveal that patchoulol (43.05%), α-Guaiene (16.06%), and α-Bulnesene (13.69%) were the main components of the EO. Furthermore, the EO and its emulsion had similar toxicity, with dose-mortality curves and lethal times overlapping 95% confidence intervals. We also observed that sublethal exposure of females of H. hampei reduces reproduction and feeding, increases walking activity, and causes histopathological changes in the midgut. This study advances the knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects of an eco-friendly substance on insects.Responsible Editor: Giovanni Benelli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão Almeida Santos
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Thiago Leandro Costa
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Bacci
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jacinto Demuner
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Mandli JT, Lee X, Bron GM, Paskewitz SM. Integrated Tick Management in South Central Wisconsin: Impact of Invasive Vegetation Removal and Host-Targeted Acaricides on the Density of Questing Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2358-2367. [PMID: 34397096 PMCID: PMC8824448 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As tick-borne disease incidence increases and pathogens expand into new areas, the need for effective tick management strategies is paramount. In this 5-yr study (2014-2018) conducted in south central Wisconsin, we assessed whether an integrated tick management approach, deployed during peak tick activity (May-August), was more effective at reducing black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae)), than individual interventions. Using a factorial design, invasive vegetation removal (Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii Ruprecht (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae) and common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae)) was coupled with deployments of permethrin-treated cotton nesting materials (tick tubes) that target the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque (Rodentia: Cricetidae)). Results show that the probability of encountering a larval tick by drag sampling was unaffected by treatments at the cumulative 5-yr level. However, vegetation removal significantly reduced larval encounters in 2014, 2015, and 2018, by 33%, 57%, and 61% respectively, and reduced the density of questing nymphal (DON) ticks by 45% in 2015 compared to controls. Despite the limited effect on DON, vegetation removal significantly reduced the cumulative 5-yr density of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infected nymphs (DIN) (70%) compared to controls as a result of decreased nymphal infection prevalence. Sites treated with tick tubes had lower DIN (66%) and DON (54%) across the study and nymphs were reduced every year following the initial year of deployment compared to controls. Combining treatments did not further reduce DIN or DONs. We conclude that long-term integration of tick tubes with invasive vegetation removal does not provide additional benefit over individual treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Mandli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xia Lee
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gebbiena M Bron
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan M Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Curtis AN, Bidart MG. Increased Temperature Influenced Growth and Development of Lithobates pipiens Tadpoles Exposed to Leachates of the Invasive Plant European Buckthorn ( Rhamnus cathartica) and a Triclopyr Herbicide. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:2547-2558. [PMID: 34143893 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors including habitat loss, pollutants, invasive species, and disease have contributed to the global decline of amphibians, and further declines can be expected as a result of climate change. Warming temperatures may allow for range expansion of invasive plants, and because herbicides are the primary method to control invasive plants, chemical use may increase. A laboratory experiment was performed to examine the individual and combined effects of leachates from the invasive plant European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, L.) and a triclopyr herbicide (Renovate® 3; 0.21 mg/L), which is commonly used to manage R. cathartica, on northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens, Schreber) tadpoles at 2 temperature regimes (20 and 25 °C). We measured tadpole growth weekly and body and intestine morphology at the conclusion of the experiment after 8 wk. In the presence of R. cathartica leachates, tadpole growth increased at 25 °C, but only during the first 3 to 4 wk of the experiment. From week 5 until the end of the experiment, tadpoles were significantly smaller at 25 °C compared with 20 °C, but had more developed limb buds at the end of the experiment (except in the triclopyr treatment). Triclopyr had minimal effects on tadpole growth at the low dose used in this study. These results encourage further examination of potential effects of global climate changes in combination with other environmental factors that may impact amphibian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2547-2558. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Bidart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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Halzoune H, Saiah W, Tabani K, Lahfa F, Koceir EA, Omari N. Therapeutic effects of Rhamnus alaternus on the nephroangiosclerosis in wistar rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:721-731. [PMID: 32276919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The buckthorn "Rhamnus alaternus" is a plant used in traditional medicine especially in the treatment of certain diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. The aim of our study was to analysed and evaluate the effects of buckthorn on nephroangiosclerosis Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats, adult weighing between 120g and 250g were distributed as follows: Five control animals received a standard laboratory diet, thirty four experimental rats received the standard laboratory diet supplemented with palm oil and 4% of NaCl (High Sold Fat Diet). After six month of this diet the HSFD group was subdivided into rats treated for 45 days with aqueous extract of buckthorn or animals HSFD only. Plasma metabolites and endothelin-1 concentration were measured by standard methods, section of kidney were stained by Heindenhain-azan and periodic acid shiff. The examination of renal parenchyma of HSFD rats showed a prominent structural changes such as, obstruction of vascular lumen, ischemia of the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis the biochemical and hormonal parameters were significantly improved in the HSFD rats treated with decoction of buckthorn. Moreover, the morphogical changes of the renal parenchyma were attenuated in rats HSFD decoction. The buckthorn attenuates renal parenchymal lesions by aggregating at different levels of rats maintained on HSFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Halzoune
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
| | - Wassila Saiah
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
| | - Khadija Tabani
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
| | - Farid Lahfa
- Laboratory Chemotherapy and Anti-tumor Immune Response, STU Faculty SNV, University Abou Bakr Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceir
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
| | - Naima Omari
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
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Guesmi S, Raouafi A, Amri I, Hamzaoui AH, Boulila A, Hosni F, Sghaier H. Polyphenolic extracts from the xerophyte Rhamnus lycioides as a radiation biodosimeter. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:5661-5669. [PMID: 30484056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of dosimeters currently in use are synthetic and very expensive. Therefore, the study of the dosimetric characteristics of polyphenolic extracts of xerophytes is useful because drought stress causes an increase in the production of these cheap and natural compounds containing benzene rings. Here, the polyphenolic compounds were extracted from Rhamnus lycioides which was collected from Bou-Hedma National Park in Tunisia and identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We investigated the impact of cobalt-60 (60Co) irradiation (0-30 kilogray (kGy)) on the color parameters of polyphenolic extracts of R. lycioides using the Konica Minolta CR 300 portable colorimeter and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The structural and morphological characteristics of the irradiated extracts were assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, our results suggest that exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) of the polyphenolic components of the xerophyte R. lycioides has produced significant dose-dependent changes in their optical and morphological properties. Thus, these extracts can be valorized as biodosimeters in the dose range from 5 to 25 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Guesmi
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, Mahrajène, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Raouafi
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Amélioration Sylvo-Pastorale, Institut National de Recherches en Genie Rural, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hicham Hamzaoui
- Laboratory of Useful Materials Valuation, National Center for Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopark, BP 73, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances (LR10INRAP02), National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analyses, Biotech Pole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Hosni
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Sghaier
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
- Associated with Laboratory "Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology" (LR16CNSTN01) and Laboratory "Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization" (LR11ES31), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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Campbell M, Zhao W, Fathi R, Mihreteab M, Gilbert ES. Rhamnus prinoides (gesho): A source of diverse anti-biofilm activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 241:111955. [PMID: 31102615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhamnus prinoides (gesho) is an evergreen shrub from East Africa traditionally used for the treatment of illnesses including atopic dermatitis, ear, nose and throat infections, pneumonia, arthritis, brucellosis, flu, indigestion and fatigue. AIM OF THE STUDY Several of the conditions for which gesho is traditionally used are associated with communities of surface-attached microorganisms, or biofilms. We hypothesized that gesho has anti-biofilm activity. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate gesho-associated anti-biofilm activity and identify active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lyophilized ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared from dried Rhamnus prinoides stems and leaves. Biofilm inhibition was measured by crystal violet staining and subsequent viability assays were conducted on growth agar. Chemical fractionation, chemical testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to isolate and identify active compounds. RESULTS Leaf and stem ethanol extracts significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation up to 99.9% and reduced planktonic cell growth up to 10 log units relative to untreated controls. The anti-biofilm activity of the ethanol stem extracts was due to a biocidal or bacteriostatic mechanism while bacteriostatic or anti-pathogenic mechanisms were attributed to the leaf ethanol extract. Gesho extracts showed activity against all three species tested but the treatment efficacy and mechanism were species dependent. Chemical fractionation and activity screens of the leaf ethanol extract identified ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate and 4-hydroxy 4-methyl pentanone to be compounds with anti-biofilm activity. Ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate activity was potentiated by DMSO. Notably, concentrations of both compounds were identified where biofilm formation was prevented without inhibition of cell growth; i.e. anti-pathogenic characteristics were evident. CONCLUSION Gesho leaf ethanol extract contains chemicals with anti-biofilm and bactericidal activities. This work lends support to the traditional use of gesho for treating topical infections and warrants further investigation into Rhamnus prinoides as a source of antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Campbell
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Weilun Zhao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Raghda Fathi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Eric S Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kim JH, Kim AR, Kim HS, Kim HW, Park YH, You JS, Park YM, Her E, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Rhamnus davurica leaf extract inhibits Fyn activation by antigen in mast cells for anti-allergic activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:80. [PMID: 25887889 PMCID: PMC4379541 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative herbal medicines are recently considered as a promising approach for treating various diseases. We screened approximately 100 plant extracts for anti-allergic activity. Rhamnus davurica leaf extract showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the activation of RBL-2H3 mast cells. Although Rhamnus davurica extract has been used to treat pruritus, dysuresia, and constipation as a traditional herbal medicine in some Asian countries, an anti-allergic effect of Rhamnus davurica has not yet been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of the leaf extract of Rhamnus davurica (LERD) on mast cells in vitro and allergic responses in vivo. METHODS The effects of LERD on the activation of mast cells and mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were measured in mice and two types of mast cells, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and RBL-2H3 cells in vitro. A mechanistic study of its inhibitory effect was performed by using degranulation assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting analysis. RESULTS LERD reversibly suppressed antigen-stimulated degranulation in BMMCs and RBL-2H3 cells, and also inhibited mRNA expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. In a PCA animal model, LERD significantly inhibited antigen-induced allergic response and degranulation of ear tissue mast cells. As for the mechanism of action, LERD inhibited the activation of Syk, which is the pivotal signaling protein for mast cell activation by antigen. Furthermore, LERD also impeded the activations of well-known downstream proteins such as LAT, Akt and three MAP kinases (Erk, p38 and JNK). In an in vitro kinase assay, LERD suppressed the activation of Fyn in antigen-stimulated mast cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that LERD has anti-allergic effects through inhibiting the Fyn/Syk pathway in mast cells. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence for LERD to be used as an herbal medicine or health food for patients with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - A-Ram Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Young Hwan Park
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Jueng Soo You
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Yeong Min Park
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Erk Her
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea.
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Korea.
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
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Forrer HR, Musa T, Schwab F, Jenny E, Bucheli TD, Wettstein FE, Vogelgsang S. Fusarium head blight control and prevention of mycotoxin contamination in wheat with botanicals and tannic acid. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:830-49. [PMID: 24577585 PMCID: PMC3968364 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspensions or solutions with 1% of Chinese galls (Galla chinensis, GC) or 1% of tannic acid (TA), inhibited germination of conidia or mycelium growth of Fusarium graminearum (FG) by 98%-100% or by 75%-80%, respectively, whereas dried bark from buckthorn (Frangula alnus, FA) showed no effect at this concentration. In climate chamber experiments where the wheat variety "Apogee" was artificially inoculated with FG and F. crookwellense (FCr) and treated with 5% suspensions of TA, GC and FA, the deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grains was reduced by 81%, 67% and 33%, respectively. In field experiments with two commercial wheat varieties and artificial or semi-natural inoculations, mean DON reductions of 66% (TA) and 58% (FA), respectively, were obtained. Antifungal toxicity can explain the high efficacies of TA and GC but not those of FA. The Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin reducing effect of FA is probably due to elicitation of resistance in wheat plants. With semi-natural inoculation, a single FA application in the first half of the flowering period performed best. However, we assume that applications of FA at the end of ear emergence and a treatment, triggered by an infection period, with TA or GC during flowering, might perform better than synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Forrer
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomke Musa
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fabienne Schwab
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Eveline Jenny
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Felix E Wettstein
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Schmidt NP, O'Neal ME, Anderson PF, Lagos D, Voegtlin D, Bailey W, Caragea P, Cullen E, DiFonzo C, Elliott K, Gratton C, Johnson D, Krupke CH, McCornack B, O'Neil R, Ragsdale DW, Tilmon KJ, Whitworth J. Spatial distribution of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae): a summary of the suction trap network. J Econ Entomol 2012; 105:259-71. [PMID: 22420279 DOI: 10.1603/ec11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the United States. Phenological information of A. glycines is limited; specifically, little is known about factors guiding migrating aphids and potential impacts of long distance flights on local population dynamics. Increasing our understanding of A. glycines population dynamics may improve predictions of A. glycines outbreaks and improve management efforts. In 2005 a suction trap network was established in seven Midwest states to monitor the occurrence of alates. By 2006, this network expanded to 10 states and consisted of 42 traps. The goal of the STN was to monitor movement of A. glycines from their overwintering host Rhamnus spp. to soybean in spring, movement among soybean fields during summer, and emigration from soybean to Rhamnus in fall. The objective of this study was to infer movement patterns of A. glycines on a regional scale based on trap captures, and determine the suitability of certain statistical methods for future analyses. Overall, alates were not commonly collected in suction traps until June. The most alates were collected during a 3-wk period in the summer (late July to mid-August), followed by the fall, with a peak capture period during the last 2 wk of September. Alate captures were positively correlated with latitude, a pattern consistent with the distribution of Rhamnus in the United States, suggesting that more southern regions are infested by immigrants from the north.
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Tang WZ, Ma SG, Qu J, Yu SS, Liu YB, Su DM, Liu J. Dimeric prenylated C6-C3 compounds from the stem bark of Illicium oligandrum. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:1268-1271. [PMID: 21524101 DOI: 10.1021/np100651n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three new dimeric prenylated C6-C3 compounds, namely, illicidiones A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium oligandrum. The structure and absolute configuration of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic and chemical analyses, including NMR, modified Mosher method, and single-crystal X-ray study. Compounds 1-3 exhibited weak anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xian nong tan Street, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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FAIRBAIRN JW, SIMIC S. Vegetable Purgatives Containing Anthracene Derivatives: Part XI. Further Work on the Aloin-like Substance of Rhamnus purshiana DC. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 12(Suppl):45-51. [PMID: 13697938 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1960.tb10454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aloin-like substance formerly referred to as Compound A1, has been resolved into four closely allied anthraquinone derivatives by paper chromatographic and countercurrent techniques. Two of these substances have been isolated in pure form and their general properties, melting point, optical rotation, RF values and ultra-violet light absorption curves are recorded. Treatment with ferric chloride yields aloe-emodin from both, and each on mild hydrolysis, produces barbaloin. The names Cascaroside A and Cascaroside B are proposed. Preliminary work on the other two components has shown that they are based on a compound similar to barbaloin but a derivative of chrysophanol instead of aloe-emodin; the name chrysaloin is suggested for this substance.
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Eldeen IMS, Van Heerden FR, Van Staden J. In vitro biological activities of niloticane, a new bioactive cassane diterpene from the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:555-560. [PMID: 20138134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana was reported in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Isolation of an active compound in this study from the bark extract may lead to the validation of its efficiency as a traditional crude drug. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to isolate active compound(s) from an ethyl acetate bark extract of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and to investigate some of its biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolation process was carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compound was tested for antibacterial activity using the micro-dilution assay; anti-inflammatory activity using the COX-1 and COX-2 assays and investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay. RESULTS A new bioactive compound was isolated and identified as a cassane diterpene, niloticane. Niloticane showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4 and 8microg/mL, respectively. With Gram-negative bacteria, niloticane showed weak activity. MIC values obtained were 16 and 33microg/mL against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, respectively. In the cyclooxygenase test, niloticane possessed activity with IC50 values of 28 and 210microM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. IC50 values observed with indomethacin (positive control) were 3.6microM for COX-1 and 189microM for COX-2. In the acetylcholinesterase test, niloticane showed anti-cholinesterase activity with an IC50 value of 4microM. IC50 values obtained by the galanthamine (positive control) was 2.0microM. CONCLUSION The results obtained support the traditional uses of the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana in African traditional medicine for the treatment of some ailments that relate to microbial diseases, inflammation and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M S Eldeen
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Rhainds M, Yoo HJS, Bledsoe L, Sadof CS, Yaninek S, O'Neil RJ. Impact of developmental maturity of soybean on the seasonal abundance of soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Environ Entomol 2010; 39:484-91. [PMID: 20388278 DOI: 10.1603/en09034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), alternates between a primary overwintering host (buckthorn, Rhamnus sp.) and a secondary summer host (soybean, Glycine max). Selection of soybean cultivars with different maturity groups may provide growers with a management tool for A. glycines, either directly through its effect on summer populations that cause economic damage or indirectly through its effect on the production of migrants that disperse to the primary host in fall. This study investigated the abundance and seasonality of A. glycines on soybean cultivars with different maturity rates in central Indiana. The abscission of soybean foliage occurred earlier for early maturing than late maturing cultivars, but no other consistent difference in development or yield was detected among the cultivars tested in this study. The abundance of aphids did not vary consistently among cultivars when soybean was most susceptible to economic damage. A laboratory assay evaluating the larviposition preference of A. glycines alate females, combined with a 7-yr survey documenting the colonization of buckthorn by winged aphids, indicated that the production of gynoparae on soybean began in mid-September and continued until leaf abscission. The abundance of aphids during this period was higher on late maturing cultivars than on early maturing cultivars in both 2006 and 2008, whereas no significant effect was detected in 2007. Altogether, these results suggest that planting early maturing soybean cultivars has little effect on damage by aphids on the current season crop but may reduce the number of fall migrants to the primary host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rhainds
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, Smith Hall, 901 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089, USA.
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Jiang JS, Chien HC, Chen CM, Lin CN, Ko WC. Potent suppressive effects of 3-O-methylquercetin 5,7,3',4'-O-tetraacetate on ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Planta Med 2007; 73:1156-62. [PMID: 17823872 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the suppressive effects of 3-O-methylquercetin 5,7,3',4'- O-tetraacetate (QMTA), a more-potent phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4 inhibitor than quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (3-MQ), which has been reported to have the potential for treating asthma, against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The IC50 value of QMTA for PDE3 was significantly less than that for PDE4. According to the Lineweaver-Burk analysis, QMTA (1-10 microM) competitively inhibited PDE3 and PDE4 activities. The Ki values were 0.9+/-0.3 (n=5) and 3.9+/-0.5 (n=5) microM, respectively, which significantly differed from each other, suggesting that QMTA has higher affinity for PDE3 than for PDE4. QMTA (3-10 microM) concentration-dependently relaxed the baseline level, and significantly inhibited cumulative OVA (10-100 microg/mL)-induced contractions in isolated sensitized guinea pig trachealis suggesting that QMTA has bronchodilator and inhibiting effects on mast cell degranulation. After the secondary challenge, the AHR was measured in unrestrained OVA-sensitized mice, with nebulized methacholine (MCh, 6.25-50 mg/mL), by barometric plethysmography using a whole-body plethysmograph. In the present results, QMTA (3-10 micromol/kg, I. P.) dose-dependently attenuated the enhanced pause (Penh) value induced by MCh (25-50 mg/mL). QMTA (3-10 micromol/kg, I. P.) also significantly inhibited total inflammatory cells, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in BALF after determination of Penh values. It also significantly suppressed the release of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, with the exception that 3 micromol/kg QMTA did not suppress the releases of IL-5. QMTA even at 1 micromol/kg significantly inhibited eosinophils, IL-2, and TNF-alpha. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that QMTA has greater potential than 3-MQ for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Song Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Welsman JA, Bahlai CA, Sears MK, Schaafsma AW. Decline of soybean aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) egg populations from autumn to spring on the primary host, Rhamnus cathartica. Environ Entomol 2007; 36:541-8. [PMID: 17540062 DOI: 10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[541:dosaha]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a severe pest of soybeans in North America. Soybean aphid populations cycle between a secondary summer host, where populations reproduce parthenogenetically and a primary host, where populations overwinter as eggs. In North America, the secondary host is soybean, and the primary hosts are Rhamnus cathartica L. (Rhamnaceae) and R. alnifolia L'Her. A location with abundant populations of soybean aphid on R. cathartica was identified near Guelph, Ontario, Canada, in October 2004, and eggs on trees were counted at multiple sites within that location each autumn and spring over the next 2 yr. Dynamics of naturally occurring soybean aphid populations on the primary host were assessed with respect to (1) decline of overwintering eggs from autumn to spring, (2) development of spring populations on R. cathartica, and (3) development of soybean aphid populations on soybean immediately adjacent to overwintering sites. Counts of aphid eggs declined by approximately 70% between autumn and spring sampling periods in 2004-2005. Significant differences in counts of aphid eggs relative to sampling height were observed in the canopy of R. cathartica. No edge effects were observed in the development of soybean aphid populations in soybeans adjacent to overwintering sites in this study. Very few eggs were collected at the same study location in the autumn of 2005, and no aphid eggs were collected from samples taken in the spring of 2006. Egg counts taken in the autumn of 2006 were intermediate in number relative to counts taken in the autumn of 2004 and 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Welsman
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Jiang JS, Shih CM, Wang SH, Chen TT, Lin CN, Ko WC. Mechanisms of suppression of nitric oxide production by 3-O-methylquercetin in RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103:281-7. [PMID: 16213685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnus nakaharai Hayata (Rhamnaceae) is used as a folk medicine in Taiwan for treating constipation, inflammation, tumors, and asthma. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of the plant, has been reported to have potential for use in the treatment of asthma. The mechanisms of anti-inflammation of 3-MQ are still unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, may reflect the degree of inflammation and may provide a measure for assessing the effect of drugs on the inflammatory process. Therefore, we were interested in investigating the mechanisms of suppression of NO production by 3-MQ in RAW 264.7 cells. 3-MQ (1-10 microM) concentration-dependently inhibited LPS (100 ng/mL)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The IC(50) value was calculated to be 4.23 microM. 3-MQ (1-10 microM) significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited LPS (100 ng/mL)-induced iNOS protein and mRNA expressions in cells. The IC(50) values were calculated to be 4.36 and 6.53 microM, respectively. There was no significant difference among these three IC(50) values of 3-MQ. In conclusion, 3-MQ may exert its anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of iNOS DNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Song Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei. Taiwan
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Stocker P, Yousfi M, Djerridane O, Perrier J, Amziani R, El Boustani S, Moulin A. Effect of flavonoids from various Mediterranean plants on enzymatic activity of intestinal carboxylesterase. Biochimie 2005; 86:919-25. [PMID: 15667942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonol compounds of three Mediterranean plants from the Algerian Atlas used traditionally in Arab folk medicine, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Rhamnus alaternus and Thapsia garganica, were found to inhibit the enzymatic activities of both rat intestine and purified porcine liver carboxylesterase in a concentration-dependent manner. Results indicate that the flavonol compounds from the aerial part of these plants lead to the inactivation of the CE pI = 5.1 with Ki of micromolar range. These results encourage us to perform further biological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stocker
- Institut Méditerranéen de Recherche en Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de St-Jérôme, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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Manojlovic NT, Solujic S, Sukdolak S, Milosev M. Antifungal activity of Rubia tinctorum, Rhamnus frangula and Caloplaca cerina. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:244-6. [PMID: 15752641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The results of a preliminary antifungal screening of the methanol extracts and the major anthraquinone aglycones, alizarin and emodin, of Rubia tinctorum and Rhamnus frangula in comparison with the antifungal activity of the anthraquinone-containing lichen Caloplaca cerina and its main secondary metabolite parietin are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Manojlovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O.Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Ko WC, Shih CM, Chen MC, Lai YH, Chen JH, Chen CM, Lin CN. Suppressive effects of 3-O-methylquercetin on ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Planta Med 2004; 70:1123-1127. [PMID: 15643544 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnus nakaharai Hayata (Rhamnaceae) has been used as a folk medicine in Taiwan for treating constipation, inflammation, tumors, and asthma. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of the plant, has been reported to inhibit total cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis at low concentrations. 3-MQ has been also reported to more selectively inhibit PDE3 than PDE4 with a low K(m) value. Therefore we were interested in investigating its suppressive effects on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo and in vitro. 3-MQ (3-30 micromol/kg, i. p.) significantly suppressed the enhanced pause (Penh) value induced by aerosolized methacholine (50 mg/mL) in sensitized mice after secondary allergen challenge. 3-MQ (3-30 micromol/kg, i. p.) also significantly suppressed total inflammatory cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils, but not lymphocytes. In addition, 3-MQ (3 micromol/kg, i. p.) significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-alpha, and at the highest dose (30 micromol/kg, i. p.) even decreased the secretions of IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-alpha. 3-MQ (1-10 microM) as well as Ro 20-1724 (3-30 microM), a selective PDE4 inhibitor, significantly attenuated OVA (100 microg/mL)-induced contractions. 3-MQ (30 microM) as well as milrinone (1-10 microM), a selective PDE3 inhibitor, significantly enhanced baseline contractions in isolated guinea pig left and right atria. However, neither 3-MQ nor milrinone significantly affected baseline beating rate in the right atria. 3-MQ (3-30 micromol/kg, i. p.) did not significantly affect systolic pressure in conscious mice. In conclusion, 3-MQ has both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilating effects, and has the potential for use in the treatment of asthma at a dose without affecting blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Chang Ko
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
Rhamnus nakaharai Hayata (Rhamnaceae), has been used as a folk medicine in Taiwan for treating constipation, inflammation, tumors and asthma. 3-O-methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of the plant, has been reported to inhibit total cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. Therefore we were interested in investigating the inhibitory effect of 3-MQ on various PDE isozymes from guinea pig lungs and hearts. Isolated guinea pig lungs and hearts were homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was chromatographed over a column of Q-sepharose, and eluted with various concentrations of NaCl. In the following order, PDE subtypes 1, 5, 2, 4 from lungs, and 3 from hearts were separated. The IC 50 values of 3-MQ on these isozymes were 31.9, 86.9, 18.6, 28.5 and 1.6 microM, respectively. 3-MQ (10-100 microM) non-competitively inhibited PDE2, but competitively inhibited PDE4. 3-MQ (1-10 microM) also competitively inhibited PDE3. However, 3-MQ (10-100 microM) did not competitively inhibit PDE1 and 5, although it had a tendency to competitively inhibit PDE1 at concentrations of 10 - 30 microM. The present results showed that K i value of 3-MQ was similar to that of milrinone in PDE3, and was not significantly different from that of Ro 20 - 1724 in PDE4, respectively. In conclusion, 3-MQ was revealed to be a selective and competitive PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor, although its inhibitory effect on PDE4 was not potent. Therefore, 3-MQ may have a potential in the treatment of asthma beside its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Chang Ko
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC.
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27
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Abstract
A new cyclopeptide alkaloid, jubanine-C (1), together with known alkaloids scutianine-C (4) and zizyphine-A (5), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zizyphus jujuba and identified by spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
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FAIRBAIRN JW, SIMIC S. ESTIMATION OF C-GLYCOSIDES AND O-GLYCOSIDES IN CASCARA ( RHAMNUS PURSHIANA DC., BARK) AND CASCARA EXTRACT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 16:450-4. [PMID: 14207086 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1964.tb07492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Velazco MR, Montero R, Rojas E, Gonsebatt ME, Sordo M, Piñeyro A, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Genotoxic effects of Karwinskia humboldtiana toxin T-514 in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Anticancer Drugs 1996; 7:710-5. [PMID: 8913441 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199608000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity by Karwinskia humboldtiana, a Rhamnaceae plant, has been assessed in a number of studies. Four dimmeric anthracenones, named T-496, T-514, T-516 and T-544 for their molecular weight, have been isolated from this plant. T-514, in particular, has been shown to be toxic to liver and lung as well as to tumoral cell lines, preferentially to those from liver tumors. For this reason it has been suggested that the toxin could be used as an antineoplastic agent. The present study was performed to characterize the biological activity of T-514 as a potential cytostatic and genotoxic agent. Peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture were used as a test system, where chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were scored in order to evaluate genotoxicity, and mitotic index and cell proliferation kinetics were used as parameters for cytostatic and cytotoxic ability. Genotoxicity to lymphocytes was negative. However, proliferation was affected by the toxin, demonstrating a cytostatic activity independent of genotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Velazco
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, UANL, Colonia del Valle, Nuevo León, México
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Izzo AA, Gaginella TS, Mascolo N, Borrelli F, Capasso F. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduces senna- and cascara-induced diarrhoea and fluid secretion in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 301:137-42. [PMID: 8773457 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Senna (60 mg/kg orally) and cascara (800 mg/kg orally)-induced diarrhoea and net fluid secretion were studied in rats for a time period of 1-8 h. NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (2.5-25 mg/kg i.p. twice, 15 min before and 4 h after laxative administration), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, reduced the diarrhoeal response. This effect was counteracted by L-arginine (600 and 1500 mg/kg i.p. 15 min before laxative administration), the precursor of nitric oxide (NO). The senna- and cascara-stimulated fluid secretion was reduced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 25 mg/kg i.p. (twice, 15 min before and 4 h after laxative administration), while the stereoisomer NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) 25 mg/kg i.p. was without effect. These results suggest a possible involvement of NO in senna- and cascara-induced diarrhoea and fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Izzo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Bermúdez-de Rocha MV, Lozano-Meléndez FE, Tamez-Rodríguez VA, Díaz-Cuello G, Piñeyro-López A. [The incidence of poisoning by Karwinskia humboldtiana in Mexico]. Salud Publica Mex 1995; 37:57-62. [PMID: 7754430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoxication produced by Karwinskia humboldtiana presents a neurological picture similar to that of poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome or other polyradiculoneuritis with which it is frequently confused. The purpose of this paper is to report the frequency of this intoxication, by means of the antecedent of ingestion of the fruit and the detection of toxins in blood using a thin layer chromatography method. One hundred fifty four samples of cases with acute flaccid paralysis from 18 states of the country were received. The antecedent of ingestion in 56 of them was corroborated and the detection was positive in 50 of these. In 98 patients there was not antecedent of ingestion and detection was negative in 95 of them. We estimated that the sensibility and specificity of detection method are 89% and 96.9% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Bermúdez-de Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (FM, UANL), México
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Garza-Ocañas L, Jiang T, Acosta D, Torres-Alanis O, Waksman de Torres N, Piñeyro-Lopez A. Comparison of the hepatotoxicity of toxin T-514 of Karwinskia humboldtiana and its diastereoisomer in primary liver cell cultures. Toxicon 1994; 32:1287-91. [PMID: 7846701 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxin T-514 of Karwinskia humboldtiana has been demonstrated to be hepatotoxic in vivo and in vitro. Recently a diastereoisomer of T-514 has been isolated. In the present study we have evaluated and compared the in vitro hepatoxicity of the diastereoisomer of T-514 using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by release of cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and mitochondrial metabolic function (MTT reduction). The diastereoisomer was shown to be almost as hepatoxic in vitro as toxin T-514.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Garza-Ocañas
- Departmento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Garza-Ocañas L, Hsieh GC, Acosta D, Torres-Alanís O, Piñeyro-López A. Toxicity assessment of toxins T-514 and T-544 of buckthorn (Karwinskia humboldtiana) in primary skin and liver cell cultures. Toxicology 1992; 73:191-201. [PMID: 1609429 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(92)90102-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of toxins T-514 and T-544 of buckthorn (Karwinskia humboldtiana) using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and keratinocytes. Cell cultures were exposed to 6, 12, 25 and 50 microM toxins for 2-, 4-, 6- and 24-h periods. Cytotoxicity was determined by release of the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in culture media, methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) reduction and neutral red (NR) uptake. An increase in LDH leakage was observed in liver cell cultures as early as 2 h with 50 microM T-544 and with 6 microM T-514 and T-544 at 6 h and 24 h, respectively. In the NR assay the toxicity was evident at 2 h with 12 microM T-514 and T-544 and with 6 microM concentrations of both toxins at 6 h. On the other hand, a decrease in MTT reduction was detected at 4 h with 50 microM concentrations of both toxins and with 25 microM T-544 and 12 microM T-514 at 6 h and 6 microM T-514 and T-544 at 24 h. Both toxins were shown to be highly hepatotoxic; T-514 was more toxic than T-544. In the skin cell cultures, the toxicity of the toxins was not as severe and was not expressed until 12 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Garza-Ocañas
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo, León, México
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Gundidza M, Sibanda M. Antimicrobial activities of ziziphus abyssinica and berchemia discolor. Cent Afr J Med 1991; 37:80-3. [PMID: 1893401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous, petroleum-ether, chloroform and dichloromethane extracts of both the barks and leaves of Ziziphus abyssinica and Berchemia discolor were tested for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using the hole plate diffusion and the test tube dilution methods. The aqueous extracts showed significant activity against S. aureus and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gundidza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare
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37
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Martínez de Villarreal L, Velazco-Campos R, Piñeyro López A, González Alanís R. Effects of toxin T-544 from the Karwinskia humboldtiana (buckthorn) plant upon mouse embryos explanted at 11 days. Toxicon 1990; 28:449-52. [PMID: 2190360 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90084-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eleven-day mouse embryos were exposed to the K. humboldtiana toxin T-544 for 24 hr. At the end of the culture period, embryos were examined grossly for malformations and biochemically for altered protein levels. There was a significant difference in malformations in those embryos exposed to 0.05 and 0.2 microgram/ml of toxin compared with controls. Embryo protein content was significantly lower in those embryos exposed to 0.1 microgram/ml of T-544 compared with control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez de Villarreal
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
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Borgia M, Brancato V, Borgia R. [Controlled study on the effects of 2 different therapeutic approaches in the treatment of chronic constipation]. Clin Ter 1986; 118:165-70. [PMID: 3530618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Bermudez MV, Gonzalez-Spencer D, Guerrero M, Waksman N, Piñeyro A. Experimental intoxication with fruit and purified toxins of buckthorn (Karwinskia humboldtiana). Toxicon 1986; 24:1091-7. [PMID: 3551197 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the extent of extraneural lesions in buckthorn poisoning, 180 CD1 mice were administered either green or ripe fruit or toxins T-544 or T-514 obtained from the fruit of the plant and were observed over a period of three weeks. Marked weakness, hyporeflexia, hair bristling, ptosis, spinal deformity, weight loss and dypsnea were prominent signs. Mortality in mice given green fruit was 100% at all doses; with toxin T-514 the mortality was 100% at 45 mg/kg. One hundred and sixty-two necropsies were performed and major lesions were found in liver and lung. The pulmonary lesions consisted of progressive vascular congestion and hemorrhage. Alterations in liver consisted of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration, central zone necrosis and acute diffuse necrosis. Green fruit was more toxic than ripe fruit and T-514 was more active than T-544.
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41
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Fork FT, Ekberg O, Nilsson G, Rerup C, Skinhøj A. Colon cleansing regimens. A clinical study in 1200 patients. Gastrointest Radiol 1982; 7:383-9. [PMID: 6754521 DOI: 10.1007/bf01887677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purgative effect of bisacodyl, anthraquinone glycosides (Cascara), and sodium picosulfate, alone or in combination with a saline purge and a tap water enema, was studied in 1200 patients. The cleansing effect was scored with regard to retained fecal residue evident on double-contrast studies of the colon. The combination of a contact laxative and a saline purge produced good cleansing effect in 52%-80% of the patients. With an additional tap water enema given 1 hour before the colon examination, however, 96% of the colons were clean. The taste and the effects of the cleansing systems were tolerated favorably by more than 90% of the patients. However, 17% reported restriction in work capacity on the day of bowel cleansing.
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Nicolay K, Bisping W, Hoffschröer J. [Cristolax in the treatment of constipation. A new physiologic therapy principle]. Ther Ggw 1980; 119:410-8. [PMID: 7404456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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43
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Bauer H. [Treatment of constipation with Laxariston in gynecological practice]. Ther Ggw 1977; 116:2305-12. [PMID: 341403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Quercia V. [Separation of anthraquinone compounds of Cascara sagrada by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography]. Boll Chim Farm 1976; 115:309-16. [PMID: 952669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Csermely A, Balázs M, Huoránszky F. [Light and electron microscopic study of melanosis coli]. Morphol Igazsagugyi Orv Sz 1975; 15:273-80. [PMID: 1107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the results of light- and electronmicroscopic investigation of the colonic mucosa in melanosis, occurring at a 35 years old male patient. In the tunica propria mucosae pigment storage macrophages described histologically can be recognized as well by the aid of electron microscope. In contrast to the light-microscopic picture, electronmicroscopically separation of the epithelial cells of the mucosa, accumulation of foreign material in the enlarged intercellular spaces, accumulation of granular-fibrillar matrix in the tunica propria and presence of plasma cells with increased secretory activity can be revealed. It is assumed, that separation of epithelial cells of the mucosa goes with the disturbance of the absorptive function. It can not be excluded, that electronmicroscopically revealed lesions of the coolnic musoca aggravate the severe obstipation. For this reason early diagnosis of the melanosis coli and ceasing the medication with athranol-glycosida-containing laxatives are very important.
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Lemli J. [Comments on the monographies of drugs of botanical origin of the European Pharmacopoeia (Volume I and II) (author's transl)]. J Pharm Belg 1975; 30:443-54. [PMID: 2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Tittobello A, Cambielli M. [Clinical evaluation of a new formulation of an antigastritic preparation]. Minerva Gastroenterol 1974; 20:114-21. [PMID: 4619425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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