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Fischer D, Toenges R, Kiil K, Michalik S, Thalhammer A, Bug G, Gökbuget N, Lang F. Liver failure after treatment with inotuzumab and polychemotherapy including PEG-asparaginase in a patient with relapsed Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:489-498. [PMID: 37999763 PMCID: PMC10798915 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 58-year-old female patient who presented with an extramedullary B-ALL relapse after prior allogenic HSCT and blinatumomab therapy. The patient died from complications of a drug-induced acute liver failure after a salvage therapy combining inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO)-based induction followed by consolidation with high dose MTX and pegaspargase based on the GMALL protocol for older ALL patients. After a diagnosis of the extramedullary relapse in the form of a retro vesical chloroma, the patient received an individualized multi-agent chemotherapy based on induction chemotherapy for older patients in combination with InO. After four administrations of InO, in combination with vincristine, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cyclophosphamide, CT-imaging showed a reduction in volume of the chloroma and response to therapy. Consolidation with high-dose methotrexate and pegaspargase was administered. The patient developed toxic liver damage manifested by hyperbilirubinemia and progressive hepatic encephalopathy. The diagnostic criteria for VOD were met, and therapy with defibrotide was initiated. Liver biopsy revealed no histological signs of VOD but instead steatohepatitis indicative of drug-induced toxicity. The patient ultimately died of hemorrhagic shock through postinterventional hemorrhage after liver biopsy. In conclusion, although InO shows promising results in the therapy of r/r ALL with and without additional chemotherapy, the combination with MTX and pegaspargase in an intensively pretreated patient with relapse after HCST may impart an increased risk for liver-related toxicity. Special caution is required when assessing fitness for further liver toxic regimens. A key takeaway is also the reminder that InO can cause liver damage not only in the form of VOD but also through direct hepatocellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rosa Toenges
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kati Kiil
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Michalik
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Thalhammer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicola Gökbuget
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Lang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Lucijanic M, Tomasovic-Loncaric C, Stoos-Veic T, De Both T, Jalsenjak B, Kusec R. Myeloid sarcoma of the urinary bladder as the presenting feature of secondary acute myeloid leukemia, successfully treated with venetoclax and azacitidine. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:671-672. [PMID: 37946030 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/complications
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder
- Azacitidine/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/drug therapy
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lucijanic
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cedna Tomasovic-Loncaric
- Pathology and Cytology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Stoos-Veic
- Pathology and Cytology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav De Both
- Urology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Jalsenjak
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajko Kusec
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Luo L, Wang X, Luo J, Zheng S, Gong N, He Y, Xi Q, Chen J, Jiang T, Zhong L. Acute undifferentiated leukemia with undifferentiated myeloid sarcoma: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36948. [PMID: 38277531 PMCID: PMC10817018 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advancement of diagnostic technology, true acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) is becoming more rare, and AUL with extramedullary sarcoma has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION This article reports a case of AUL with extramedullary sarcoma. Flow cytometric analysis of the bone marrow and lymph nodes indicated that the tumor cells of both were of the same origin and mainly expressed stem cell markers and CD7, no myeloid-specific markers, T-lymphoblastic-related markers, and B-lymphoblastic-related markers. Although the priming regimen combined with azacitidine was ineffective, complete remission was achieved by switching to azacitidine combined with HIA (homoharringtonine, idarubicin plus Ara-C). CONCLUSION To diagnosis de novo acute leukemia with extensive and comprehensive cellular immune maker detection is available and credible, the expression of a single relatively nonspecific myeloid antigen as a immune maker to detect AUL or AUL associated with sarcoma is precise and effective in our case, which patient was benefit from HIA regiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji Luo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ninghan Gong
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qian Xi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Deng K, Ni W, Li L, Chen Y, Wang L, Ju W. Isolated myeloid sarcoma with pericardial and pleural effusions as first manifestation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31026. [PMID: 36281103 PMCID: PMC9592339 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myeloid sarcoma (MS) involves the proliferation of extramedullary blasts from 1 or more myeloid lineages, replacing the original tissue structures, and these neoplasias are called granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary myeloid neoplasms. These tumors develop in lymphoid organs, bones, skin, soft tissues, various mucous membranes, organs, and the central nervous system. MS is rare in non-leukemic patients, while MS patient with effusion as the first manifestation is even rare. PATIENT CONCERNS We report the case of 44-year-old woman with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. DIAGNOSIS Ultrasound examination and computed tomography of the chest revealed large pericardial effusions and bilateral pleural effusions. Cytomorphological examination of the pericardial and pleural effusion, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical markers suggested myeloid tumor cells. However, concurrent peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations showed no evidence of acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was eventually diagnosed with isolated MS. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES After chemotherapy with pirarubicin + cytarabine and high-dose cytarabine + etoposide, the pericardial effusion and pleural effusion were absorbed, and the mediastinal mass significantly shrunk. One year after patient gave up treatment, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was confirmed by bone marrow examinations. CONCLUSION The early manifestations of the patient lacked specificity and were highly susceptible to misdiagnosis. Cytomorphology and flow cytology indicated important directions for the diagnosis of the disease in the early stage. Administration of chemotherapy regimen containing cytarabine could prolong disease-free survival and time before progress to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenpeng Ni
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- * Correspondence: Wenpeng Ni, Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China (e-mail: )
| | - Lilian Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wendong Ju
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Ye Z, Jiang Y. Granulocytic sarcoma of cervix: A rare case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29419. [PMID: 35713448 PMCID: PMC9276236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an uncommon extramedullary tumor, and involvement of the female reproductive system is very rare. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a case of cervical GS in a 45-year-old woman who presented with repeated vaginal bleeding after sex for 1 month. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with cervical GS mainly based on pathological immunohistochemical examination and further progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on bone marrow puncture and cytogenetic analysis. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient underwent hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, and subsequently received AML-type chemotherapy. She relapsed 3 months after therapy and progressed to AML. The patient was then treated with chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin again and achieved complete remission after 1 cycle. Currently, she is still receiving therapy combined with cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin, and has been alive for 13 months. LESSONS Although GS of the reproductive system is rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of gynecological neoplasms and should be treated with AML-type chemotherapy protocols.
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Wu S, Lin Z, Shang Q, Pang Y, Chen H. Use of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for Detecting Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast and Assessing Early Response to Chemotherapy. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:549-550. [PMID: 35025784 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia as a solid tumor at various extramedullary sites. In this case, we report 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in an 18-year-old woman with biopsy-proven myeloid sarcoma involving the left breast. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a far better tumor-to-background contrast than 18F-FDG PET/CT in the left breast mass. Moreover, follow-up 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT after 2 cycles of chemotherapy revealed a reduction in tumor size with decreasing activity in the myeloid sarcoma lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wu
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Hematology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qihang Shang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center
| | - Yizhen Pang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center
| | - Haojun Chen
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center
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Shatilova A, Girshova L, Zaytsev D, Budaeva I, Mirolyubova Y, Ryzhkova D, Grozov R, Bogdanov K, Nikulina T, Motorin D, Zammoeva D, Efremova S, Ivanov V, Petukhov A, Alekseeva Y, Zaritskey A. The myeloid sarcoma treated by Venetoclax with hypomethylating agent followed by stem cell transplantation: rare case report. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:184. [PMID: 33933047 PMCID: PMC8088676 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a very rare condition, develops both in patients with other hematological neoplasms, and as isolated tumor. MS of the gynecologic tract is extremely rare. An available literature data about diagnosis and management of MS is summarized in the article. The role of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and bone marrow transplantation in the treatment is discussed. Polychemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were suggested to be the optimal treatment strategy of MS of the gynecological tract. The use of new targeted agents results in promising clinical data. CASE PRESENTATION We are presenting a rare clinical case of a MS of the uterine cervix with concomitant bone marrow involvement and describe all the peculiarities of the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment. The patient received chemotherapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The pre-transplant therapy allowed us to perform allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with the deepest response possible: complete PET-negative and MRD-negative remission of the disease. CONCLUSIONS MS remains a subject of discussion regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The use of novel targeting agents can be perspective option for patient with extramedullary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksina Shatilova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341.
| | - Larisa Girshova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Daniil Zaytsev
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Irina Budaeva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Yuliya Mirolyubova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Darya Ryzhkova
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Roman Grozov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Konstantin Bogdanov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Tatiana Nikulina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Dmitriy Motorin
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Darina Zammoeva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Svetlana Efremova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Vladimir Ivanov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Yuliya Alekseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - Andrey Zaritskey
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
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8
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Zhou X, Li C. Long-term survival in an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient with recurrent granulocytic sarcomas: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25257. [PMID: 33832087 PMCID: PMC8036079 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extramedullary myeloid tumor composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series. It rarely occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). No case of long-term survival in an APL patient with recurrent GS has been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old female patient was diagnosed with APL in 1995 and has been in complete remission (CR) of bone marrow morphology for 24 years; however, recurrent GS occurred successively in ovary, breast, spine, body of sternum, lymph nodes, soft tissues from 2004 to 2019. DIAGNOSES The immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of GS, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed its origin from APL. INTERVENTIONS She received surgery, and had an excellent response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), DA (daunorubicin combined with cytarabine) regimens, and arsenic trioxide (ATO). OUTCOMES The patient achieved CR in March 2020 after radiotherapy followed by ATO and ATRA. So far, she is still in follow-up. LESSONS It is rare that recurrent GS at multiple sites is involved in APL patient with bone marrow morphology in CR. It is interesting to observe a long-term excellent response to ATRA, chemotherapy and ATO. Although multiple recurrence of GS in patients with APL is rare, the data in this case highlight the need for individualized treatment when such conditions occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing
| | - Chengwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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9
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Wang X, Zhang L, Zhou D, Cai H, Wang X, Jiang X. A case report on concurrent occurrence of systemic mastocytosis and myeloid sarcoma presenting with extensive skin involvements and the results of genetic study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21948. [PMID: 33327223 PMCID: PMC7738061 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic mastocytosis is a rare disease due to mast cell accumulation in various extracutaneous sites. Systemic mastocytosis with an associated clonal hematologic non-MC lineage disease is the second most common subtype of systemic mastocytosis. The most common mutation associated with both systemic mastocytosis and myeloid sarcoma is mutation in Kit. Here, we identified the novel KIT D816V and ARID1A G1254S mutations co-occurring in systemic mastocytosis with myeloid sarcoma. PATIENT CONCERNS A 33-year old male patient presented multiple skin lesions for 10 years. Symptoms accelerated in 2017 with decreased body weight. Physical examination revealed enlarged lymph nodes in his neck, axilla and inguinal region; conjunctival hemorrhage; gingival hyperplasia. Skin biopsy showed mast cell infiltration. Flow cytometry detected CD2, CD25 and CD117 positive cells in lymph nodes. Codon 816 KIT mutation D816V and codon 1245 ARID1A mutation G1254S were found in peripheral blood. MPO, CD117, CD68 positive cells in lymph nodes indicated co-existing myeloid sarcoma. DIAGNOSIS Systemic mastocytosis with an associated clonal hematologic non-MC lineage disease of myeloid sarcoma INTERVENTIONS:: Cytarabine and daunorubicin for myeloid sarcoma and dasatinib for systemic mastocytosis were initiated. Anti-histamine and anti-leukotrienes therapy were used to prevent NSAIDs-induced shock. Platelets were infused to treat bone marrow suppression. OUTCOMES Patient was discharged after recovered from bone marrow suppression. Dasatinib continued on outpatient. CONCLUSION This is the first case of patient with systemic mastocytosis and myeloid sarcoma simultaneously presenting extensive skin involvements. Mutations of Kit and Arid1a emphasis the importance to notice possibility of various tumors occurring in patients with multiple mutations. In addition, cysteine-leukotrienes-receptor antagonists should always be used to prevent anaphylactic shock due to mast cell activation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- CD2 Antigens/metabolism
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Dasatinib/therapeutic use
- Daunorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Male
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/complications
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/drug therapy
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/genetics
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mutation
- Platelet Transfusion/methods
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/complications
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/pathology
- Skin/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
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10
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Abstract
RATIONALE Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are defined as rare extramedullary masses composed of immature myeloid cells. MS mostly develops in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and involves primarily the skin, soft tissues, bones, and lymph nodes. Pleura and pericardium involvement of MS are extremely uncommon. Polyserositis is also a very rare extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENT CONCERNS A 30-year-old woman with a complaint of right neck mass combined with coughing for 2 months as well as fever and systemic edema for the last 10 days, was admitted to our center on July 11, 2019. Initial positron emission tomography (PET) scan indicated systemic lymphadenopathy, bilateral pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. DIAGNOSIS The initial pathological diagnosis of lymph nodes was MS. Subsequent bone marrow analysis confirmed AML. INTERVENTIONS Conventional IA induction regimen followed by high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) regimen. OUTCOMES Complete absorption of pericardial and pleural effusion after the first cycle of IA induction chemotherapy. LESSONS Polyserositis can be an extramedullary presentation of AML. Patients with polyserositis should undergo routine flow cytometric analysis. For AML with extamedullary infiltration, systemic chemotherapy should be administered in all confirmed cases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Pericardial Effusion/etiology
- Pleural Effusion/etiology
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/complications
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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11
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Hu YG, Deng XH, Lei W, Li XL. Clinical characteristics and management of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the oral cavity: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22820. [PMID: 33120806 PMCID: PMC7581149 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a commonly occurring tumor comprising immature myeloid cells, which are usually related to acute or chronic myelocytic leukemia. The tumor rarely precedes leukemia without bone marrow involvement and is called primary GS. Although primary GS can occur in any body part, the involvement of the oral cavity is uncommon. PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old woman hospitalized at the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery presented with a growing mass in her left maxillary hard palate dating two months back. No obvious physical findings were noted during general examination. She was diagnosed with an oral ulcer at a local clinic, and received antibiotics. However, the symptoms did not improve; the mass became bigger and painful. DIAGNOSIS An incisional biopsy of the oral mass was performed, the immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells tested positive for myeloperoxidase, CD4, BCL-2, KI-67. Bone marrow aspiration was negative for malignant cells, and the laboratory test results revealed only monocytosis. Standard bone marrow cytogenetic analysis showed a normal karyotype and leukemia-related fusion gene detection was normal. Therefore, the final diagnosis was intraoral primary GS. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with a chemotherapy regimen based on idarubicin and cytarabine arabinoside. OUTCOMES After 2 cycles of idarubicin and cytarabine arabinoside regimen chemotherapy, the patient achieved complete remission. The tumor was barely visible in the left maxillary hard palate. There has been no evidence of disease spread and progression after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Careful morphological and immunohistochemical analyses, correlating with clinical data are necessary to establish the diagnosis of oral primary GS. Early aggressive systemic chemotherapy can effectively relieve symptoms, significantly reducing primary GS conversion into acute myelocytic leukemia and prolonging overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gang Hu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The People's Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Xiao-Hua Deng
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The People's Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The People's Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China, 92 Aiguo road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Fang L, Cui Y, Mi Y, Ru K, Sun Q, Qin T, Xu Z, Wang J, Xiao Z. Somatic ASXL1 p.R693X mutation identified by next generation sequencing in isolated myeloid sarcoma involving the mediastinum. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:1003-1007. [PMID: 32286099 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1744121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Isolated myeloid sarcoma (MS) is characterized by extramedullary immature myeloid cell infiltration without bone marrow involvement. The diagnosis of isolated MS is sometimes difficult in cases without expression of typical immunohistochemical markers, such as CD64, MPO or lysozyme.Clinical presentation: We report a case of isolated MS involving the mediastinum, with negative staining of MPO and lysozyme, which was misdiagnosed for 20 months. A comprehensive analysis in our institution showed MS with a characteristic staining pattern positive for CD34, CD117 and CD33, but negative for MPO, lysozyme, CD3 and CD79a. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 112 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)- and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)-associated genes confirmed the existence of an ASXL1 p.R693X mutation with a frequency of 13.17% of total cells. The patient acquired sustainable remission under the alternative treatment of intermediate-dose cytarabine and decitabine.Discussion and conclusion: The ASXL1 p.R693X mutation, a truncated mutation, has been widely reported to be associated with poor prognosis in myeloid malignance. We report the role of this mutation and recommend the utilization of NGS to discover more profound pathobiological information with limited samples, facilitate the diagnosis, and further clarify the uncertainties of prognosis and treatment in more isolated MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fang
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Ru
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiejun Qin
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zefeng Xu
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Choi JY, Kim HY, Kang MG, Shin JK, Lee WS, Song HN. Bilateral ovarian granulocytic sarcoma as the primary manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia treated with allogenic stem cell transplantation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18390. [PMID: 31876710 PMCID: PMC6946288 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma, is a tumor comprising myeloblasts or monoblasts, potentially occurring as an extramedullary mass. Systemic chemotherapy should be used to induce complete remission. However, such patients with chloroma have a poorer treatment outcome than those without extramedullary myeloid sarcomas. PATIENT CONCERNS A 30-year-old woman who initially presented with bilateral ovarian masses and splenomegaly was admitted to hospital. Also, her complete blood cell counts showed pancytopenia and blood smear revealed a few immature cells (3%). DIAGNOSES A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and the chromosomal analysis revealed a 46, XX, del18 (p11) [20] karyotype and cytogenetics and molecular markers showed all negative results. INTERVENTIONS Since this diagnosis, she received remission-inducing chemotherapy comprising anthracycline and cytarabine, which is a standard regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and followed by allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor. OUTCOMES After transplantation, the bone marrow engrafted successfully without complications. She visited our clinic regularly with no evidence of leukemia relapse or graft-versus host disease. LESSONS This report represents the first case of ovarian GS, wherein treatment was successful with high-dose chemotherapy, followed by allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without oophorectomy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/etiology
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/therapy
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Choi
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Min Gyu Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jeong Kyu Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Seop Lee
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Haa-Na Song
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
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14
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Feng Y, Zhang L, Cheng N, Lai W, Chen Y, Liu J. A Case of Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Lung in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 31307173 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2018.181239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocytic sarcoma in the lung is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we describe a rare case of granulocytic sarcoma of the lung in a 56-year-old male patient with AML. METHODS Hematologic investigation, bone marrow aspirate, cytogenetic analysis, chest computed tomography (CT), and pulmonary biopsy were performed. RESULTS The patient achieved complete remission (CR) after induction therapy, but the patient refused further treatment and was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary biopsy and bone marrow aspirate are important to confirm a correct diagnosis. Pulmo-nary granulocytic sarcoma as a prognostic factor needs further studies.
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15
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Wang JC, Jiménez Pérez JC, Friedmann AM, Louissaint A, Freitag SK. Myeloid sarcoma involving the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and additional skeletal sites presenting with unilateral proptosis and fevers. Orbit 2019; 38:154-157. [PMID: 29557698 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2018.1449225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of myeloid sarcoma with multifocal skeletal involvement, including the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. A 23-month-old boy presented with left-sided proptosis and fevers, and was found to have an infiltrative mass involving the left sphenoid bone on orbital imaging. Full body imaging further demonstrated multiple bony lesions in the pelvis, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, bilateral femura, and left humerus, and biopsies of the humerus were consistent with myeloid sarcoma. The patient was started on a standard chemotherapy regimen and is responding well. Myeloid sarcoma presenting with proptosis due to sphenoid bone involvement with simultaneous multifocal skeletal involvement is very uncommon and highlights the importance of biopsy for establishing a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Wang
- a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Juan C Jiménez Pérez
- a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Alison M Friedmann
- b Department of Pediatrics , Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Abner Louissaint
- c Department of Pathology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Suzanne K Freitag
- a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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16
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Collinge E, Tigaud I, Balme B, Gerland LM, Sujobert P, Carlioz V, Salles G, Thomas X, Paubelle E. Case report: Purulent transformation of granulocytic sarcoma: An unusual pattern of differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9657. [PMID: 29465554 PMCID: PMC5841987 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. APL is currently treated with combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) resulting in the induction of apoptosis and differentiation of the leukemic cells. Differentiation syndrome (so-called ATRA syndrome) is the main life-threatening complication of induction therapy with these differentiating agents. PATIENT CONCERNS Herein, we report the case of a 49-year-old woman diagnosed with APL with, concomitantly, a bulky cutaneous lesion of 10 cm diameter with a red-to-purple background and a necrotic center, localized on her abdomen. DIAGNOSES After 10 days of treatment, the cutaneous lesion became purulent. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis performed on this pus confirmed the presence of malignant features in the involved granulocytes proving their origin from the differentiation of leukemic APL cells, as all the analyzed nuclei showed 2 promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor-a (RARA) fusions signals. INTERVENTION The association by ATRA and ATO was continued. OUTCOME Eventually, the evolution was favorable with healing in three weeks. LESSONS This case report therefore highlights the differentiation phenomenon of promyelocytic blasts within promyelocytic sarcoma with the ATRA-ATO combination and the efficacy of this drug association in resolving both the malignant sarcoma and a secondary local infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Collinge
- Department of Hematology, CHU UCL Namur, Belgium
- Department of Hematology
| | | | | | | | | | - Violette Carlioz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud
| | | | | | - Etienne Paubelle
- Laboratory of Hematology
- LBMC, ENS, CNRS UMR5239, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
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17
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Zhang J, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Lai W, Chen Y, Xiao R. Multiple Nonleukemic Myeloid Sarcoma Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult. Clin Lab 2017; 63:1919-1922. [PMID: 29226650 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2017.170709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonleukemic myeloid sarcoma (MS) occurs rarely. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal condition. We report a rare case of nonleukemic MS associated with HLH. METHODS Hematologic investigation, 18F-FDG PET/CT, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, and lymph node biopsy were performed in a 25-year-old male patient. RESULTS The patient was given a short-term treatment of etoposide and dexamethasone to control HLH. Then he received chemotherapy and responded well. CONCLUSIONS It is important to find the underlying cause of HLH in high-risk patients. HLH can occur secondary to nonleukemic MS. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve survival.
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18
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Katagiri T, Ushiki T, Masuko M, Tanaka T, Miyakoshi S, Fuse K, Shibasaki Y, Takizawa J, Aoki S, Sone H. Successful 5-azacytidine treatment of myeloid sarcoma and leukemia cutis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7975. [PMID: 28885352 PMCID: PMC6392782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) are extramedullary tumors comprising myeloid blasts. They can occur de novo or concurrently with hematological disorders, usually acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML chemotherapy is generally the initial therapy for MS and LC, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be considered as additional therapy. However, treatment for older patients who are unable to continue intensive chemotherapy is not currently standardized. PATIENT CONCERNS A 71-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with multiple MSs associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), using bone marrow aspiration and lymph node biopsy. DIAGNOSES Additionally, LC was diagnosed by skin biopsy. Extramedullary MS and LC lesions were formed by massive infiltration of myeloblastic cells. INTERVENTIONS Twenty courses of 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) were administrated as maintenance therapy after induction therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine. OUTCOMES Myeloblasts decreased in the bone marrow and the LC disappeared after induction therapy. The MSs completely disappeared, except for the palatine tonsil lesion, after 5-Aza maintenance therapy. 5-Aza treatment provided long-term partial response for more than 21 months. LESSONS 5-Aza was well tolerated and may be a good option for the treatment of MS and LC associated with MDS, especially in older patients who cannot receive HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- Department of Hematology
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sadao Aoki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
RATIONALE Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is defined as leukemia infiltration in any organ other than the bone marrow. GS rarely occurs in the pancreas. Here, we present the first report of GS in the pancreas on F-fluorodexyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT). PATIENT CONCERNS A 19-year-old male patient with acute myeloid leukemia received a human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical stem cell transplant as a second transplant while in second complete remission. INTERVENTIONS After a second stem cell transplant, obstructive pancreatitis accompanied by a mass in the pancreatic head was observed. FDG-PET/CT revealed abnormal activity in the head of the pancreas and the skin in the patient's left breast area. DIAGNOSES Pathological examination demonstrated relapsed acute myeloid leukemia in both the lesions. OUTCOMES This is the first report showing the F-FDG PET/CT findings of GS in the pancreas. LESSONS F-FDG PET/CT may help determine the stage of GS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Huang XL, Tao J, Li JZ, Chen XL, Chen JN, Shao CK, Wu B. Gastric myeloid sarcoma without acute myeloblastic leukemia. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2242-2248. [PMID: 25717265 PMCID: PMC4326167 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid sarcomas (MS) involve extramedullary blast proliferation from one or more myeloid lineages that replace the original tissue architecture, and these neoplasias are called granulocytic sarcomas, chloromas or extramedullary myeloid tumors. Such tumors develop in lymphoid organs, bones (e.g., skulls and orbits), skin, soft tissue, various mucosae, organs, and the central nervous system. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is rare, while the occurrence of myeloid sarcomas in patients without leukemia is even rare. Here, we report a case of a 38-year-old man who presented with epigastric pain and progressive jaundice. An upper GI endoscopy had shown extensive multifocal hyperemic fold thickening and the spread of nodular lesions in the body of the stomach. Biopsies from the gastric lesions indicated myeloid sarcoma of the stomach. However, concurrent peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations showed no evidence of acute myeloid leukemia. For diagnosis, the immunohistochemical markers must be checked when evaluating a suspected myeloid sarcoma case. Accurate MS diagnosis determines the appropriate therapy and prognosis.
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21
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Sugiyama A, Ito S, Sugita Y, Shimada JI, Takeuchi M, Hirano S, Kuwabara S. Brachial Plexus Involvement of Myeloid Sarcoma Detected by Reconstruction Magnetic Resonance Neurography. Intern Med 2015; 54:2251-3. [PMID: 26328656 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare hematological disorder that presents as an extramedullary mass of immature myeloid precursors. We herein present the case of a 57-year-old man with a seven-month history of progressive weakness in the right upper extremity. Reconstruction magnetic resonance neurography showed a marked enlargement of the right brachial plexus. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed a radioactive lesion in the sacrum, in addition to the right brachial plexus, and a biopsy of the sacrum revealed myeloid sarcoma. The brachial plexus lesion was also regarded as myeloid sarcoma because of the treatment response. Isolated myeloid sarcoma involving the brachial plexus is very rare and its diagnosis is difficult as there was neither a history of leukemia nor bone marrow involvement in this patient. In this case, reconstructed magnetic resonance neurography was useful for detecting the brachial plexus mass lesion which led to an early diagnosis and good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Kim
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Ishikawa M, Miyagishima T, Sawada K, Muranaka T, Umemura M, Kato R, Takasaka T, Takahashi K, Sogabe S, Oda H. [Case report; myeloid sarcoma with systemic lymphadenopathy, skin and gastrointestinal infiltration]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:437-9. [PMID: 24724384 DOI: 10.2169/naika.103.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Gavrilina OA, Bariakh EA, Parovichnikova EN, Troitskaia VV, Zvonkov EE, Kravchenko SK, Sinitsyna MN, Obukhova TN, Gitis MK, Savchenko VG. [Myeloid sarcoma of the small bowel with inversion of chromosome 16: a description of 3 clinical cases]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2014; 86:85-92. [PMID: 25314783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare malignant solid tumor presented with myeloid blast cells showing varying degrees of maturation. MS may have an extramedullary site, precede, or develop simultaneously with the clinical manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it may also occur as an AML relapse. Besides AML, MS may be a manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia or other chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Due to the fact that this disease is rare, the bulk of the literature on MS is presented with single descriptions of retrospective studies and clinical cases. The paper describes 3 cases of MS with inversion of chromosome 16 and small bowel lesion.
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25
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Aladag E, Babacan T, Akin S, Uner U, Kars A, Altundag K. Successful treatment of myeloid sarcoma with local treatment modalities: the longest overall survival in published literature. J BUON 2014; 19:316-317. [PMID: 24659682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Aladag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Hurley MY, Ghahramani GK, Frisch S, Armbrecht ES, Lind AC, Nguyen TT, Hassan A, Kreisel FH, Frater JL. Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma: natural history and biology of an uncommon manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Derm Venereol 2013; 93:319-24. [PMID: 23165700 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with cutaneous myeloid sarcoma, from 2 tertiary care institutions. Eighty-three patients presented, with a mean age of 52 years. Diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma in the skin was difficult due to the low frequency of myeloperoxidase and/or CD34+ cases (56% and 19% of tested cases, respectively). Seventy-one of the 83 patients (86%) had ≥ 1 bone marrow biopsy. Twenty-eight (39%) had acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation. Twenty-three had other de novo acute myeloid leukemia subtypes. Thirteen patients had other myeloid neoplasms, of which 4 ultimately progressed to an acute myeloid leukemia. Seven had no bone marrow malignancy. Ninety-eight percent of the patients received chemotherapy, and approximately 89% died of causes related to their disease. Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma in most cases represents an aggressive manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. Diagnosis can be challenging due to lack of myeloblast-associated antigen expression in many cases, and difficulty in distinguishing monocyte-lineage blasts from neoplastic and non-neoplastic mature monocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Analysis of Variance
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Missouri
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Retrospective Studies
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/mortality
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/pathology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/mortality
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tertiary Care Centers
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yadira Hurley
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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27
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MESH Headings
- Aclarubicin/administration & dosage
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/immunology
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/pathology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Pigmentation
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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28
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Serrao A, Loglisci G, Salaroli A, Zacheo I, Alimena G, Breccia M. Azacitidine followed by radiotherapy as effective treatment for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with extramedullary localization. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:411-2. [PMID: 22694794 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.702905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Azacitidine/administration & dosage
- Azacitidine/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/radiotherapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/radiotherapy
- Treatment Outcome
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29
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Tang TC, Chang H, Chuang WY. Complete response of myeloid sarcoma with FIP1L1-PDGFRA -associated myeloproliferative neoplasms to imatinib mesylate monotherapy. Acta Haematol 2012; 128:83-7. [PMID: 22722648 DOI: 10.1159/000338217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a localized, extramedullary tumor of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that typically presents either de novo or concomitantly with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), AML and myelodysplastic syndrome. Patients who have MS must be treated with intensive chemotherapy, as are patients with AML, because MS usually progresses to a systemic manifestation and leads to dismal outcomes. FIP1L1-PDGFRA-associated MPN, a subtype of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasm, is characterized by eosinophilia and abnormalities in the PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1 gene. Fusion of the FIP1L1 and PDGFRA genes activates the tyrosine kinase. As a result, imatinib mesylate (IM) is widely used for the treatment of this disorder. The coexistence of FIP1L1-PDGFRA-associated MPN and MS is extremely rare. Patients with this condition fail to achieve durable remission and long-term survival without a combination of intensive chemotherapy and IM. Here, we report a case of MS and FIP1L1-PDGFRA-associated MPN that was successfully treated with IM monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Chih Tang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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30
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Cunningham I. A basis for updating our approach to resistant acute leukemia. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:251-7. [PMID: 22287495 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No studies exist documenting that chemotherapy alone eradicates tumors composed of leukemic cells in a large group of patients with tumors at any one site. Yet, its use has continued over 40 years in the absence of data. Consensus protocols exist only for testis and meningeal tumors, relying on local therapy. To constitute a body of knowledge about tumors at one site, the breast was chosen and all published cases were analyzed, with follow-up obtained, to document the behavior of acute leukemia tumors and survival after presentation. Among 235 cases (52% published since 2000), overall survival was poor, particularly for the 43% with concurrent morphologic marrow relapse, with 66-73% one-year mortality. Only 4 of 106 patients treated with chemotherapy alone survived 4 years. The majority of AML and ALL tumors were only transiently responsive to anti-leukemia treatments, including transplant, and next relapses were as, or more, common in further tumors than in marrow. A pattern of tumors similar to the metastases of invasive lobular breast cancer was revealed. When relapse occurred in marrow, durable remission was only rarely obtained. These data suggest a potential benefit of incorporating extent of disease workup at diagnosis and relapse into prospective trials. This could yield an accurate incidence of extramedullary tumors and a means to identify occult residual disease which could lead to marrow relapse. This approach could potentially result in greater success in curing acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cunningham
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, USA.
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31
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Breccia M, Alimena G. Isolated myeloid sarcoma without bone marrow involvement. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2012; 10:66-67. [PMID: 22398813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Breccia
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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32
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Lee EYP, Leung AYH, Anthony MP, Loong F, Khong PL. Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying terminal ileal myeloid sarcoma in an asymptomatic patient. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:1036-7. [PMID: 21800353 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Yuen Phin Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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33
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Dym H, Movahed R. Granulocytic sarcoma of palate. Case report and review of literature. N Y State Dent J 2011; 77:24-27. [PMID: 21735867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of granulocytic sarcoma of the hand and palate, also known as chloroma, occurring in an adolescent patient is presented. Diagnostic clinical criteria, along with treatment pictures, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Dym
- Department of Dentistry/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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34
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Liu HY, Yin HL, DU J, Cai Y, Lu ZF, Zhou HB, Zhou XJ. [Clinicopathologic features of granulocytic sarcoma: a study of 38 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2010; 39:172-176. [PMID: 20450763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathologic features of granulocytic sarcoma. METHODS The clinical and pathologic findings of 38 cases of granulocytic sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was performed and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS The age of patients ranged from 2 to 77 years (mean = 43.3 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Major clinical presentations included superficial lymph node enlargement and painful soft tissue mass. Follow-up data were available in 18 patients; and 14 of them died of tumor-related diseases. The average duration of survival of the patients was 16.9 months. Histologically, the tumor cells were relatively uniform in appearance and small to medium in size. The cytoplasm was scanty and pale in color. The nuclei were round or focally irregular, with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitosis figures were readily identified. Scattered immature eosinophilic myelocytes were seen. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells in all cases expressed MPO and CD43. Most cases were also positive for CD68, lysozyme, CD99 and TdT. The staining for CD3, CD20, CD79a, pan-cytokeratin and PLAP were negative. CONCLUSIONS Granulocytic sarcoma is a known histologic mimicker of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Ewing sarcoma/PNET and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Detailed morphologic examination, when coupled with immunohistochemical study, is useful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
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35
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Yasuda H, Ando J, Sato E, Inagaki N, Aritaka N, Komatsu N, Hirano T. Successful treatment of extramedullary tumors with low-dose thalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma. Intern Med 2010; 49:2617-20. [PMID: 21139303 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary tumor (EMT) is a poor prognostic factor of multiple myeloma (MM). The majority of patients report poor efficacy of thalidomide in MM with EMT, and bortezomib is the preferred choice of treatment. We report two cases of MM with EMTs in which thalidomide was highly beneficial. Case 1 has been in remission for ten months with 100 mg every other day of thalidomide monotherapy, which is the lowest dose to be reported in a successfully treated case of MM with EMT. Case 2 eventually became refractory, but low dose thalidomide gave excellent disease control over a period of eleven weeks, despite the EMT being in a highly aggravated state. Some reports have speculated that EMT cases with preceding bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are an exception and have a good response to thalidomide, but the present two cases have no history of BMT. In conclusion, low dose thalidomide can be effective in MM with EMT and should be considered as a treatment option, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yasuda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo
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36
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Gorman M, Ahmed KA, Pallera A, Samant S. Granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J 2009; 88:1210-1212. [PMID: 19924663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity is exceedingly rare. We describe the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with an intranasal mass that was later diagnosed as a granulocytic sarcoma. The mass was treated with rapid initiation of chemotherapy, which produced a substantial decrease in tumor bulk. Granulocytic sarcoma is often mistaken for lymphoma or other poorly differentiated malignancies, and the correct diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gorman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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37
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Kara IO, Sahin B, Paydas S, Kara B. Granulocytic sarcoma of the heart: Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloblastic leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation successfully treated by chemotherapy alone. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 46:1081-4. [PMID: 16019562 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500057700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the heart. A 28-year-old man with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M2) had undergone a non-myeloablative allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation. Three years following transplantation, masses were evidenced in his heart by echocardiography but had completely disappeared following a common chemotherapy etoposide, mitoxantrone, ara-C (EMA) regimen for relapsed AML. The involvement of the heart with GS is very rare and this is the first case of extramedullary disease in the heart after allogeneic transplantation. Here we present the case history and related literature has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Oguz Kara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Yuregir, Adana, Turkey.
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38
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Piccaluga PP, Martinelli G, Rondoni M, Malagola M, Gaitani S, Isidori A, Bonini A, Gugliotta L, Luppi M, Morselli M, Sparaventi G, Visani G, Baccarani M. Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myeloid Sarcomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:1791-5. [PMID: 15223637 DOI: 10.1080/1042819042000219485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-targeted chemotherapy is a promising approach in patients with hematological malignancies. In particular, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO, formerly CMA-676), an anti-CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin, has been approved for the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in relapse. Nevertheless, no data are until now available concerning the possible efficacy of GO for myeloid sarcomas (MS). We treated with GO 24 AML patients, in 5 cases presenting with myeloid sarcomas of the skin or bones. The overall complete response rate was 21%. The median duration of response was 6 months. Four out of the 5 patients with myeloid sarcoma showed a regression of the masses, in two cases also obtaining a clearance of marrow blasts. The most common adverse events included thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, infections, elevation of bilirubin and hepatic transaminases. Notably, severe bleeding occurred in 5 cases (21%). VOD was documented in 1 case. We conclude that GO is effective as a single agent in AML and myeloid sarcomas. Further data are required to clarify the possible correlation between GO administration and occurrence of bleeding.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aminoglycosides/administration & dosage
- Aminoglycosides/adverse effects
- Aminoglycosides/immunology
- Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Cause of Death
- Female
- Gemtuzumab
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Recurrence
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Institute of Haematology and Medical Oncology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy.
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39
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Thiriat S, Kremer S, Zollner G, Dietemann JL. [Answer to june e-quid. Imaging features of meningioma in a patient with underlying myeloproliferative disorder: consider chloroma]. J Radiol 2009; 90:849-851. [PMID: 19752794 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(09)73220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thiriat
- Service de radiologie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg.
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40
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Rodríguez Pérez A, López Carrizosa MC, Villalón Blanco L, Samper Ots PM, Ortiz Cruz E. Granulocytic sarcoma of the right humerus in a non-leukaemia patient. Clin Transl Oncol 2008; 10:758-60. [PMID: 19015073 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-008-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), an uncommon solid extramedullary tumour, should be considered even in the absence of leukaemia, as delay in diagnosis and treatment worsens the prognosis. We present a GS (single humeral bone lesion) in a non-leukaemia patient, treated with intensive AML (Acute Myeloid Leukaemia) chemotherapy and sequential radiotherapy, in complete response 26 months after diagnosis, confirmed by histopathology and without leukaemia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rodríguez Pérez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez-Ulla, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Slavcheva V, Lukanov T, Tzvetkov N. Two cases of extramedullary myeloid tumor in patients with continuous remission of acute myeloblastic leukemia. J BUON 2008; 13:589-592. [PMID: 19145688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma is described as tumor mass consisting of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells, involving extramedullary tissues. It can be initial manifestation of myeloproliferative disorders or relapse of previously treated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We present two patients, one with AML-M2 and the other with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-M3. After remission induced by conventional chemotherapy, which continued for 3 and 10 years respectively, a myeloid sarcoma was diagnosed. Biopsy of a retroauricular tumor formation was made in the first case. The second one was diagnozed after biopsy of a supraclavicular lymph node. In both cases complete laboratory investigation including blood smear, differential counting and flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow were normal. Despite this, the patients received chemotherapy. The APL-M3 patient was treated with radiotherapy to the involved supraclavicular lymph node which was followed by chemotherapy. Three months after radiotherapy bone marrow infiltration and blast cells in the peripheral blood were found. Two years after the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma the patient died of haemorrhagic stroke. The patient with AML-M2 continued treatment with polychemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Slavcheva
- Clinic of Hematology, University hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria.
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42
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Shah C, Gopaluni S, Husain J, Rajan A, Shah H. Granulocytic sarcoma in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncology (Williston Park) 2008; 22:950-953. [PMID: 18709903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Granulocytic sarcomas (GS) are uncommon extramedullary tumors composed of immature cells of the granulocytic or myeloid series. Treatment for GS should be directed toward the underlying hematologic disorder. There is no standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Shah
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York, USA
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Quintás-Cardama
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-1402, USA
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44
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Abstract
Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. This extramedullary tumor can present before, concurrent with or after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. GS is extremely uncommon in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). As a proportion of patients never develop systemic disease, correct and timely diagnosis may be rather difficult, but is a prerequisite for optimal outcome. GS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with unusual bone lesions. We describe a patient with GS who presented with symptoms mimicking osteomyelytis or rheumatoid disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Diagnostic Errors
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Osteolysis/etiology
- Osteomyelitis/diagnosis
- Remission Induction
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/etiology
- Shoulder Pain/etiology
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Worch
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Muenster, Germany
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45
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Daunorubicin/therapeutic use
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gingiva/pathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/diagnostic imaging
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Middle Aged
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/complications
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sujobert
- Service d'hématologie de l'Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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46
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Ponziani V, Mannelli F, Bartalucci N, Gianfaldoni G, Leoni F, Antonioli E, Guglielmelli P, Ciolli S, Bosi A, Vannucchi AM. No role for CXCL12–G801A polymorphism in the development of extramedullary disease in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 22:669-71. [PMID: 17805324 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/physiology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Receptors, CXCR4/physiology
- Remission Induction
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/genetics
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/pathology
- Survival Analysis
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47
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Owonikoko T, Agha M, Balassanian R, Smith R, Raptis A. Gemtuzumab therapy for isolated extramedullary AML relapse following allogeneic stem-cell transplant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:491-5. [PMID: 17657254 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 19-year-old male with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia received salvage therapy with mitoxantrone and cytarabine combination. He received consolidation therapy 3 months later with a matched-unrelated-donor stem-cell transplant. The disease relapsed in the bone marrow (BM) 9 months after the initial stem-cell transplant, and was successfully treated by repeat transplant from the same donor. Ten months following repeat transplant, the patient presented with an increasing number of extramedullary sites of biopsy-proven disease relapse (i.e. cranial and peripheral nerves, tongue, abdominal wall and chest wall). Repeated biopsy of the BM and chimera study showed no morphologic evidence of leukemic infiltrate with 100% donor-cell population. INVESTIGATIONS Physical examination, complete blood count, BM biopsy, flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis, chimera study, tongue biopsy, abdominal-wall biopsy, cytology and immunohistochemistry, CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, MRI of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. DIAGNOSIS Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after stem-cell transplant. MANAGEMENT Primary leukemia treatment with idarubicin, cytarabine, etoposide, dexamethasone, tioguanine on protocol and salvage therapy with mitoxantrone and cytarabine combination for primary refractory disease. A matched-unrelated-donor stem-cell transplant for consolidation and donor-lymphocyte infusions were performed, followed by repeat unrelated-donor transplant for leukemia relapse in the marrow, radiation therapy and gemtuzumab ozogamicin for multiple sites of extramedullary leukemia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek Owonikoko
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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48
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Scholl S, Lüftner J, Mügge LO, Schmidt V, Fricke HJ, Höffken K. Sustained expression of nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation at late relapse presenting as isolated myeloid sarcoma in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2007; 86:763-5. [PMID: 17639390 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Hmidi K, Zaouali S, Messaoud R, Mahjoub B, Ammari W, Bacha L, Laatiri A, Jenzeri S, Khairallah M. Bilateral orbital myeloid sarcoma as initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. Int Ophthalmol 2007; 27:373-7. [PMID: 17522781 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-007-9088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare orbital complication of acute leukemia. It concerns primarily children under 10 years of age suffering from primitive acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination, computed tomography and confirmed by haematological investigations. The treatment approach is based on chemotherapy associated with intravenous steroid therapy. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with bilateral proptosis revealing acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was treated by a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs in two phases, associated with intravenous steroids. After a follow-up period of 24 months, the patient was in complete remission. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in any orbital mass of uncertain origin, particularly if it is bilateral. Special stains and immunohistochemistry play an important role in the diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Child
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Exophthalmos/etiology
- Female
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Orbital Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Orbital Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Orbital Neoplasms/etiology
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Myeloid/etiology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Hmidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tahar Sfar University Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia
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50
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Xie Z, Zhang F, Song E, Ge W, Zhu F, Hu J. Intraoral granulocytic sarcoma presenting as multiple maxillary and mandibular masses: a case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e44-8. [PMID: 17428693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an unusual localized tumor composed of immature granulocytic precursor cells that occurs in extramedullary sites. However, GS involving the oral cavity is rare. We report a case of intraoral GS with an unusual clinical presentation, including a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia in remission, multiple maxillary and mandibular gingival masses mimicking acute inflammation that developed over a short period, complete remission after 1 week of treatment with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), and no bone marrow or peripheral blood involvement over a 6-month follow-up period. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of intraoral GS with Gleevec resulting in a complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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