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Mahillon M, Brodard J, Schoen R, Botermans M, Dubuis N, Groux R, Pannell JR, Blouin AG, Schumpp O. Revisiting a pollen-transmitted ilarvirus previously associated with angular mosaic of grapevine. Virus Res 2024; 344:199362. [PMID: 38508402 PMCID: PMC10979282 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We report the characterization of a novel tri-segmented RNA virus infecting Mercurialis annua, a common crop weed and model species in plant science. The virus, named "Mercurialis latent virus" (MeLaV) was first identified in a mixed infection with the recently described Mercurialis orthotospovirus 1 (MerV1) on symptomatic plants grown in glasshouses in Lausanne (Switzerland). Both viruses were found to be transmitted by Thrips tabaci, which presumably help the inoculation of infected pollen in the case of MeLaV. Complete genome sequencing of the latter revealed a typical ilarviral architecture and close phylogenetic relationship with members of the Ilarvirus subgroup 1. Surprisingly, a short portion of MeLaV replicase was found to be identical to the partial sequence of grapevine angular mosaic virus (GAMV) reported in Greece in the early 1990s. However, we have compiled data that challenge the involvement of GAMV in angular mosaic of grapevine, and we propose alternative causal agents for this disorder. In parallel, three highly-conserved MeLaV isolates were identified in symptomatic leaf samples in The Netherlands, including a herbarium sample collected in 1991. The virus was also traced in diverse RNA sequencing datasets from 2013 to 2020, corresponding to transcriptomic analyses of M. annua and other plant species from five European countries, as well as metaviromics analyses of bees in Belgium. Additional hosts are thus expected for MeLaV, yet we argue that infected pollen grains have likely contaminated several sequencing datasets and may have caused the initial characterization of MeLaV as GAMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mahillon
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Justine Brodard
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Schoen
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Botermans
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Dubuis
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Groux
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Schumpp
- Research group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Department of Plant protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland.
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2
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Salo W, Considine JA, Considine MJ. Influence of mixed and single infection of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses and viral load on berry quality. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae035. [PMID: 38501881 PMCID: PMC11070139 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease is a viral disease that affects grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and has a severe economic impact on viticulture. In this study, the effect of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) on berry quality was investigated in clones of cultivar cv. Crimson Seedless table grapes infected with GLRaV. RT-PCR confirmed the identity of the clones: clone 3236, infected only with GLRaV-3 (termed single); clone 3215, infected with GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4 strain 9 and grapevine virus A (termed mixed); and a viral free clone of the same genetic background of the infected clones (termed control). The berry quality indices of size, sugar, acidity and anthocyanin content were measured at harvest maturity. RT-qPCR was used to determine the viral load. The study was repeated over 2 year. A two-way, multivariate analysis of variance was applied with clone and year as independent variables and the measured berry quality parameters as a dependent variable. All dependent variables were significantly affected by viral infection (Wilks, λ, (2,33) = 0.033895, P-value <0.001), while only titratable acidity was affected by year. The average berry dry mass decreased (P-value <0.001). The water content of both infected clones was greater than that of the control (P-value <0.001). Both infected clones displayed reduced sugar content as a fraction of the berry dry mass (P-value <0.001). The anthocyanin and the phenol content of the infected clones were significantly reduced compared with the control clone (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, clone 3236 and clone 3215, respectively). Finally, the viral load was highly variable, and no quantitative relationship between viral load and berry composition was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Salo
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - John A Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth 6009, Australia
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3
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Gambino G, Perrone I. Somatic Embryogenesis as a Tool for Studying Grapevine-Virus Interaction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2536:381-394. [PMID: 35819615 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
More than 80 viral species, many of which are not associated with a clear disease or symptomatology, can infect grapevine. The study of grapevine-virus interactions in recent years is playing an increasingly important role and these studies have shown that the molecular and physiological responses to a virus greatly vary depending on the viral strains, the presence of multiple viral infections, the grapevine genotype, and the environment. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the grapevine cultivation and its vegetative propagation, it is very difficult to find healthy plants in vineyards to use them as control in the experiments. Starting from these considerations, in order to investigate the plant-virus interaction in an unbiased way, it is important to set up an experimental system able to control as much of these variables as possible. The protocol here proposed provides the overcome some of these factors by: (i) the production of healthy plants by somatic embryogenesis; (ii) the virus transmission using in vitro micrografting, and (iii) the transfer of in vitro plants to ex-vitro conditions for the analysis of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gambino
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy.
| | - Irene Perrone
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy
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4
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Navrotskaya E, Porotikova E, Yurchenko E, Galbacs ZN, Varallyay E, Vinogradova S. High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs for Diagnostics of Grapevine Viruses and Viroids in Russia. Viruses 2021; 13:2432. [PMID: 34960701 PMCID: PMC8709451 DOI: 10.3390/v13122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has led to significant progress in the identification of many viruses and their genetic variants. In this study, we used the HTS platform to sequence small RNAs (sRNAs) of grapevine to study the virome. Isolation of RNA was performed using symptomatic grapevines collected from commercial vineyards in Krasnodar Krai in 2017-2018. To determine the viromes of vineyards, we used an integrated approach that included a bioinformatic analysis of the results of sRNA HTS and the molecular method RT-PCR, which made it possible to identify 13 viruses and 4 viroids. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4), Grapevine Syrah Virus-1 (GSyV-1), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd), and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2) were identified for the first time in Russia. Out of 38 samples analyzed, 37 had mixed infections with 4-11 viruses, indicating a high viral load. Analysis of the obtained sequences of fragments of virus genomes made it possible to identify recombination events in GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4, GVT, GPGV, GRSPaV, GVA, and GFLV. The obtained results indicate a wide spread of the viruses and a high genetic diversity in the vineyards of Krasnodar Krai and emphasize the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral grapevine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Navrotskaya
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Porotikova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Eugeniya Yurchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ‘North Caucasian Federal Scientific Horticulture and Viticulture Center’, Protection and Plant Biotechnology Scientific Center, Head, 40 Years of Victory Street 39, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagyne Galbacs
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary; (Z.N.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Eva Varallyay
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary; (Z.N.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Svetlana Vinogradova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (E.P.)
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Martin IR, Vigne E, Velt A, Hily JM, Garcia S, Baltenweck R, Komar V, Rustenholz C, Hugueney P, Lemaire O, Schmitt-Keichinger C. Severe Stunting Symptoms upon Nepovirus Infection Are Reminiscent of a Chronic Hypersensitive-like Response in a Perennial Woody Fruit Crop. Viruses 2021; 13:2138. [PMID: 34834945 PMCID: PMC8625034 DOI: 10.3390/v13112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection of plants can result in various degrees of detrimental impacts and disparate symptom types and severities. Although great strides have been made in our understanding of the virus-host interactions in herbaceous model plants, the mechanisms underlying symptom development are poorly understood in perennial fruit crops. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) causes variable symptoms in most vineyards worldwide. To better understand GFLV-grapevine interactions in relation to symptom development, field and greenhouse trials were conducted with a grapevine genotype that exhibits distinct symptoms in response to a severe and a mild strain of GFLV. After validation of the infection status of the experimental vines by high-throughput sequencing, the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in plants infected with the two viral strains were tested and compared by RNA-Seq and LC-MS, respectively, in the differentiating grapevine genotype. In vines infected with the severe GFLV strain, 1023 genes, among which some are implicated in the regulation of the hypersensitive-type response, were specifically deregulated, and a higher accumulation of resveratrol and phytohormones was observed. Interestingly, some experimental vines restricted the virus to the rootstock and remained symptomless. Our results suggest that GFLV induces a strain- and cultivar-specific defense reaction similar to a hypersensitive reaction. This type of defense leads to a severe stunting phenotype in some grapevines, whereas others are resistant. This work is the first evidence of a hypersensitive-like reaction in grapevine during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (E.V.); (A.V.); (J.-M.H.); (S.G.); (R.B.); (V.K.); (C.R.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
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6
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Hu R, Dias NP, Soltani N, Vargas-Asencio J, Hensley DD, Perry KL, Domier LL, Hajimorad MR. Cultivated and Wild Grapevines in Tennessee Possess Overlapping but Distinct Virus Populations. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2785-2791. [PMID: 33560883 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2483-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses and viroids prevalent in a population of 42 wild grapevines (i.e., free-living, uncultivated grapevines; Vitis spp.) were compared with those in a population of 85 cultivated grapevines collected in Tennessee, United States by RNA sequencing analysis of pools of ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA. The sequences of 10 viruses (grapevine fleck virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, grapevine Syrah virus 1, grapevine vein-clearing virus, grapevine virus B, grapevine virus E, tobacco ringspot virus, tomato ringspot virus, and a novel nano-like virus) and two viroids (hop stunt viroid and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1) were detected in both grapevine populations. Sequences of four viruses (grapevine associated tymo-like virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, grapevine red blotch virus, and grapevine virus H) were identified only from cultivated grapevines. High, moderate, and low numbers of sequence reads were identified only from wild grapevines for a novel caulimovirus, an enamovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus, respectively. The presence of most virus sequences and both viroids was verified independently in the original samples by reverse-transcription PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Comparison of viral sequences shared by both populations showed that cultivated and wild grapevines harbored distinct sequence variants, which suggests that there was limited virus movement between the two populations. Collectively, this study represents the first unbiased survey of viruses and viroids in both cultivated and wild grapevines within a defined geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Naymã P Dias
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Nourolah Soltani
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Jose Vargas-Asencio
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Darrell D Hensley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Keith L Perry
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - M R Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
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7
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Demian E, Holczbauer A, Galbacs ZN, Jaksa-Czotter N, Turcsan M, Olah R, Varallyay E. Variable Populations of Grapevine Virus T Are Present in Vineyards of Hungary. Viruses 2021; 13:1119. [PMID: 34200935 PMCID: PMC8230486 DOI: 10.3390/v13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine virus T (GVT) is a recently described foveavirus, which was identified from a transcriptome of a Teroldego grapevine cultivar in 2017. Recently, we surveyed vineyards and rootstock plantations in Hungary using small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing (HTS), at a time when GVT had not yet been described. A re-analysis of our sRNA HTS datasets and a survey of grapevines by RT-PCR revealed the presence of GVT in most of the vineyards tested, while at rootstock fields its presence was very rare. The presence and high variability of the virus in the country was confirmed by sequence analysis of strains originating from different vineyards. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of GVT in Hungary and show its high diversity, suggesting that GVT presence may not seriously affect grapevine health and that it could have been present in European vineyards for a long time as a latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Demian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Road 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (E.D.); (A.H.); (Z.N.G.); (N.J.-C.)
| | - Aliz Holczbauer
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Road 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (E.D.); (A.H.); (Z.N.G.); (N.J.-C.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagyne Galbacs
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Road 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (E.D.); (A.H.); (Z.N.G.); (N.J.-C.)
| | - Nikoletta Jaksa-Czotter
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Road 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (E.D.); (A.H.); (Z.N.G.); (N.J.-C.)
| | - Mihaly Turcsan
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Robert Olah
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi Str. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Eva Varallyay
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Road 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (E.D.); (A.H.); (Z.N.G.); (N.J.-C.)
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8
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Song Y, Hanner RH, Meng B. Probing into the Effects of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses on the Physiology, Fruit Quality and Gene Expression of Grapes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040593. [PMID: 33807294 PMCID: PMC8066071 DOI: 10.3390/v13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll is one of the most widespread and highly destructive grapevine diseases that is responsible for great economic losses to the grape and wine industries throughout the world. Six distinct viruses have been implicated in this disease complex. They belong to three genera, all in the family Closteroviridae. For the sake of convenience, these viruses are named as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -13). However, their etiological role in the disease has yet to be established. Furthermore, how infections with each GLRaV induce the characteristic disease symptoms remains unresolved. Here, we first provide a brief overview on each of these GLRaVs with a focus on genome structure, expression strategies and gene functions, where available. We then provide a review on the effects of GLRaV infection on the physiology, fruit quality, fruit chemical composition, and gene expression of grapevine based on the limited information so far reported in the literature. We outline key methodologies that have been used to study how GLRaV infections alter gene expression in the grapevine host at the transcriptomic level. Finally, we present a working model as an initial attempt to explain how infections with GLRaVs lead to the characteristic symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease: leaf discoloration and downward rolling. It is our hope that this review will serve as a starting point for grapevine virology and the related research community to tackle this vastly important and yet virtually uncharted territory in virus-host interactions involving woody and perennial fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Robert H. Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 53876)
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Messmer N, Bohnert P, Schumacher S, Fuchs R. Studies on the Occurrence of Viruses in Planting Material of Grapevines in Southwestern Germany. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020248. [PMID: 33562555 PMCID: PMC7915916 DOI: 10.3390/v13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases in viticulture lead to annual losses in the quantity and quality of grape production. Since no direct control measures are available in practice, preventive measures are taken to keep the vines healthy. These include, for example, the testing of propagation material for viruses such as Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) or Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and 3 (GLRaV-3). As long-term investigations have shown, GLRaV-1 (2.1%) occurs most frequently in southwestern German wine-growing regions, whereas GLRaV-3 (<0.1%) is almost never found. However, tests conducted over 12 years indicate that there is no general decline in virus-infected planting material. Thus, it can be assumed that a spread of the viruses via corresponding vectors still takes place unhindered. Beyond the examinations regulated within the German Wine Growing Ordinance, one-time tests were carried out on Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This analysis showed that GPGV was found in 17.2% of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Fuchs
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-40165-1101
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10
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Balsak SC, Buzkan N. Prevalence and genetic variability of grapevine virus A in Turkish autochthonous grapevine varieties. Arch Virol 2021; 166:943-947. [PMID: 33495897 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the first molecular characterization of grapevine virus A (GVA) in Turkish grapevine varieties based on the coat protein gene. RT-PCR detection revealed a high infection rate of GVA in two major viticultural areas, Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and Southeast Anatolia (SEA). The number of infected varieties was higher in SEA, where very ancient and traditional cultivars are in use and no foreign grapevine material has been introduced. High nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity were seen between the Turkish GVA isolates and the reference isolates in group I and II. The viral isolates from the same location and cultivars were not phylogenetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Ceren Balsak
- Sütçü Imam University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant protection Department, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Nihal Buzkan
- Sütçü Imam University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant protection Department, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
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11
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Eichmeier A, Peňázová E, Čechová J, Berraf-Tebbal A. Survey and Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Algeria and Comprehensive High-Throughput Small RNA Sequencing Analysis of Two Isolates from Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel Revealing High Viral Diversity. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091110. [PMID: 32971929 PMCID: PMC7563602 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a putative causal agent of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation disease that has been reported worldwide throughout the grapevine-growing regions. Fifty-four grapevines collected from five Algerian grapevine-growing regions were tested for the presence of GPGV in phloem tissues. Eight of the tested grapevines were infected by GPGV. Viromes of two selected Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel grapevines infected by GPGV and showing virus-like symptoms were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial coding sequence (cds) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showed that all Algerian GPGV isolates were grouped with some already-described asymptomatic isolates. This study provides the first survey of the occurrence of GPGV in Algeria. Moreover, Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, Grapevine virus B, Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, Hop stunt viroid and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected in Algeria for the first time.
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12
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Diaz-Lara A, Erickson TM, Golino D, Al Rwahnih M. Development of a universal RT-PCR assay for grapevine vitiviruses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239522. [PMID: 32960934 PMCID: PMC7508359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Vitivirus in the family Betaflexiviridae includes eleven viruses known to infect grapevine: grapevine vitiviruses A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L and M (GVA-GVM). Three of these viruses, GVA, GVB and GVD, have been associated with the etiology of rugose wood disease in grapevine and cause agronomically significant losses. The other vitiviruses were more recently discovered and their effects on grapevine are undetermined. To certify grape material for propagation as virus tested, an updated reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay to detect all known vitiviruses is desirable. To accomplish this, multiple grapevine vitivirus sequences were aligned at the amino acid level to search for conserved motifs. Two highly conserved motifs were found at an ideal distance for RT-PCR detection in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region of the replicase protein. The amino acid motifs were back translated to create degenerate primers and used to successfully amplify all eleven grapevine vitiviruses. The RT-PCR primers were used to test a panel of vitivirus-infected vines for inclusivity as well as vines infected with closely related viruses in the Betaflexiviridae family (i.e. grapevine pinot gris virus and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus) for exclusivity. Broader use of these primers to detect vitiviruses in other plant hosts was investigated. In summary, an end-point RT-PCR assay that detects all the known grapevine vitiviruses and potentially other members of the genus Vitivirus has been developed. The universal assay represents an alternative to individual assays to reduce the work associated with the diagnosis of vitiviruses, including for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Teresa M. Erickson
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Deborah Golino
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Qiu W, Petersen SM, Howard S. North American Grape 'Norton' is Resistant to Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2051-2053. [PMID: 32520650 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2161-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines (Vitis spp.) host viruses belonging to 17 families. Virus-associated diseases are a constant challenge to grape production. Genetic resources for breeding virus-resistant grape cultivars are scarce. 'Norton' is a hybrid grape of North American Vitis aestivalis and is resistant to powdery mildew and downy mildew. In this study, we assessed resistance of 'Norton' to grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), which is prevalent in native, wild Vitaceae and in vineyards in the Midwest region of the U.S. We did not detect GVCV in 'Norton' as either the scion or the rootstock up to 3 years after it was grafted with a GVCV-infected 'Chardonel' grapevine. Upon sequencing of small RNAs, we were able to assemble the GVCV genome from virus small RNAs in GVCV-infected 'Chardonel' scion or rootstock, but not from grafted 'Norton' scion and rootstock. This study unveils a new trait of 'Norton' that can be used in breeding GVCV-resistant grape cultivars, and to investigate genetic mechanisms of 'Norton' resistance to GVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Qiu
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, The Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, U.S.A
| | - Sylvia M Petersen
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, The Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, U.S.A
| | - Susanne Howard
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, The Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, U.S.A
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14
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Wu Q, Habili N, Constable F, Al Rwahnih M, Goszczynski DE, Wang Y, Pagay V. Virus Pathogens in Australian Vineyards with an Emphasis on Shiraz Disease. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080818. [PMID: 32731601 PMCID: PMC7472089 DOI: 10.3390/v12080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine viruses are found throughout the viticultural world and have detrimental effects on vine productivity and grape and wine quality. This report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review on grapevine viruses in Australia with a focus on “Shiraz Disease” (SD) and its two major associated viruses, grapevine virus A (GVA) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). Sensitive grapevine cultivars like Shiraz infected with GVA alone or with a co-infection of a leafroll virus, primarily GLRaV-3, show symptoms of SD leading to significant yield and quality reductions in Australia and in South Africa. Symptom descriptors for SD will be outlined and a phylogenetic tree will be presented indicating the SD-associated isolates of GVA in both countries belong to the same clade. Virus transmission, which occurs through infected propagation material, grafting, and naturally vectored by mealybugs and scale insects, will be discussed. Laboratory and field-based indexing will also be discussed along with management strategies including rogueing and replanting certified stock that decrease the incidence and spread of SD. Finally, we present several cases of SD incidence in South Australian vineyards and their effects on vine productivity. We conclude by offering strategies for virus detection and management that can be adopted by viticulturists. Novel technologies such as high throughput sequencing and remote sensing for virus detection will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Nuredin Habili
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Fiona Constable
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, AgriBio, Bundoora, Melbourne 3083, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Darius E. Goszczynski
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Yeniu Wang
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Candresse T, Marais A, Faure C, Lefebvre M, Lacombe T, Boursiquot JM. Complete genome sequence of a novel grapevine-infecting member of the genus Polerovirus, grapevine polerovirus 1. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1683-1685. [PMID: 32372367 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNAs and total RNAs purified from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) phloem scrapings of two varieties held in the INRAE (France) grapevine germplasm collection were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. BLAST annotation revealed contigs with homology to Polerovirus genus members. The full genome sequence of one isolate (KT) was determined (5651 nucleotides [nt]), and a partial sequence representing about half of the genome was assembled for a second isolate (KS) that was found to share 95% nt sequence identity with the KT isolate. The genome has a typical polerovirus organization, containing six open reading frames (ORFs) as well as a putative additional ORF3a. Based on genome organization and phylogenetic relationships, the new virus belongs to the genus Polerovirus but, similar to the recently described persimmon polerovirus 1, is characterized by a highly divergent coat-protein/readthrough domain. Considering the species demarcation criteria for the family Luteoviridae, these two isolates, together with a closely related sequence recently deposited in the GenBank database (LC507098), represent a new Polerovirus species for which the name "Grapevine polerovirus 1" is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 72 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France.
| | - A Marais
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 72 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - C Faure
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 72 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - M Lefebvre
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 72 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - T Lacombe
- UMR AGAP, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, TA A-108/03 Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne, INRAE, 34340, Marseillan-Plage, France
| | - J M Boursiquot
- UMR AGAP, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, TA A-108/03 Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne, INRAE, 34340, Marseillan-Plage, France
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16
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Prator CA, Chooi KM, Jones D, Davy MW, MacDiarmid RM, Almeida RPP. Comparison of two different host plant genera responding to grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8505. [PMID: 32444786 PMCID: PMC7244584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. Because of its narrow host range - limited to Vitis species - and because the virus is restricted to the phloem, most GLRaV-3 research has concentrated on epidemiology and the development of detection assays. The recent discovery that GLRaV-3 can infect Nicotiana benthamiana, a plant model organism, makes new opportunities available for research in this field. We used RNA-seq to compare both V. vinifera and P1/HC-Pro N. benthamiana host responses to GLRaV-3 infection. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs observed between the two hosts were unique although responses between the two hosts also showed several shared gene expression results. When comparing gene expression patterns that were shared between the two hosts, we observed the downregulation of genes associated with stress chaperones, and the induction of gene families involved in primary plant physiological processes. This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond Vitis to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3 and demonstrates that N. benthamiana could serve as a useful tool for future studies of GLRaV-3-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marcus W Davy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke, New Zealand
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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17
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S De Bona G, Bertazzon N, Angelini E, Vincenzi S. Influence of pruning time and viral infection on stilbenoid levels in Pinot noir grape canes. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1741-1747. [PMID: 31821558 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine canes represent a large source of waste derived from grape cultivation. In the present study, the effect of different processes of storage and different pruning times on the stilbene accumulation on Pinot noir canes was analyzed. Whether the alteration of the secondary metabolism accompanying leafroll symptom expressions could affect the stilbenoid accumulation in canes harvested at pruning time was also investigated. RESULTS The maximum accumulation of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol was obtained in canes harvested in October and dried at 40 °C. Even in grape canes harvested in October, November, and December and stored for different times at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) a marked increase in trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol was evident, which reached a maximum at around 8 weeks of storage. A significant higher accumulation of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol was also found in canes harvested from symptomatic plants compared to those harvested from asymptomatic plants for all the pruning times. CONCLUSION This study confirms that the biosynthetic enzyme activities and, particularly, those involved in the stilbene pathway, persist during Pinot noir cane storage at different harvest times, with different storage times and conditions, and different sanitary status. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gicele S De Bona
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Bertazzon
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Elisa Angelini
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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18
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Cauduro Girardello R, Rich V, Smith RJ, Brenneman C, Heymann H, Oberholster A. The impact of grapevine red blotch disease on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory attributes over three seasons. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1436-1447. [PMID: 31742703 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently discovered DNA virus, which was demonstrated to be responsible for grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Its presence has been confirmed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and South Korea in white and red Vitis vinifera cultivars, including Chardonnay. It has been shown that the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (Spissistilus festinus) was able to both acquire the GRBV from a grapevine infected and transmit it to healthy grapevines in glasshouse conditions. Studies found that GRBD impacts fruit price, grapevine physiology, and grape berry composition and metabolism in red cultivars. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on V. vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory properties from one vineyard during the 2014, 2015 and 2016 seasons. RESULTS Grapes from symptomatic red blotch diseased grapevines were lower in total soluble solids, flavan-3-ol, and total phenolic content, and higher in flavonol content when compared to grapes from healthy grapevines. Wines made with grapes from symptomatic grapevines resulted mostly in lower ethanol content and higher pH when compared to wines made from healthy grapevines. Analysis of volatile compounds and descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes. CONCLUSIONS The impacts of GRBD on grape composition directly influenced wine chemistry. The decreased ethanol content impacted not only the levels of volatile compounds but the sensory perception during descriptive analysis. The extent of GRBD impact on the grape composition and wine composition and sensory attributes varied between seasons. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Rich
- École Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers, Vine, Wine and Terroir Managment, Angers, France
| | - Rhonda J Smith
- University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - Charles Brenneman
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hildegarde Heymann
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Chiaki Y, Ito T. Complete genome sequence of a novel putative polerovirus detected in grapevine. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1007-1010. [PMID: 32037489 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing detected a novel virus from grapevine cultivar 'Kishmish Chjornyj' from Russia. Its complete genome sequence of 5625 nucleotides includes seven open reading frames encoding seven putative proteins similar to those of members of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae. The novel virus showed graft-transmissibility and was tentatively named "grapevine polerovirus 1" (GPoV-1). Phylogenetic analysis using complete genome sequences of GPoV-1 and members of the family Luteoviridae indicated that although GPoV-1 is a member of the genus Polerovirus, it is unique within its clade. GPoV-1 is the first polerovirus detected in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Chiaki
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Akitsu, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2494, Japan.
| | - Takao Ito
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Akitsu, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2494, Japan
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20
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Garcia S, Hily JM, Komar V, Gertz C, Demangeat G, Lemaire O, Vigne E. Detection of Multiple Variants of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus in Single Xiphinema index Nematodes. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121139. [PMID: 31835488 PMCID: PMC6950412 DOI: 10.3390/v11121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is responsible for a widespread disease in vineyards worldwide. Its genome is composed of two single-stranded positive-sense RNAs, which both show a high genetic diversity. The virus is transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index. Grapevines in diseased vineyards are often infected by multiple genetic variants of GFLV but no information is available on the molecular composition of virus variants retained in X. index following nematodes feeding on roots. In this work, aviruliferous X. index were fed on three naturally GFLV-infected grapevines for which the virome was characterized by RNAseq. Six RNA-1 and four RNA-2 molecules were assembled segregating into four and three distinct phylogenetic clades of RNA-1 and RNA-2, respectively. After 19 months of rearing, single and pools of 30 X. index tested positive for GFLV. Additionally, either pooled or single X. index carried multiple variants of the two GFLV genomic RNAs. However, the full viral genetic diversity found in the leaves of infected grapevines was not detected in viruliferous nematodes, indicating a genetic bottleneck. Our results provide new insights into the complexity of GFLV populations and the putative role of X. index as reservoirs of virus diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinez Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
| | - Jean-Michel Hily
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), 30240 Le Grau-Du-Roi, France
| | - Véronique Komar
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
| | - Claude Gertz
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
| | - Gérard Demangeat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Vigne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg, BP 20507, 68021 Colmar Cedex, France; (S.G.); (V.K.); (C.G.); (G.D.); (O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-389-224-955
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21
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Diaz-Lara A, Brisbane RS, Aram K, Golino D, Al Rwahnih M. Detection of new vitiviruses infecting grapevine in California. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2573-2580. [PMID: 31346770 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, five new viruses from the genus Vitivirus were identified and named grapevine virus G, H, I, J and L. These viruses were targeted in a survey to evaluate their prevalence in different grapevine populations in California. Excluding a single detection of GVJ, other vitiviruses were detected infecting several grapevine selections via RT-PCR and later confirmed by sequencing. This paper represents the first report of GVG, GVH and GVI in California. In a preliminary analysis, the sequence diversity between identified isolates of GVG, GVH, GVI and GVL was investigated using distance matrices and phylogenetics. Finally, coinfections involving diverse vitiviruses and leafroll viruses were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Reid S Brisbane
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kamyar Aram
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Deborah Golino
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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22
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Dalton DT, Hilton RJ, Kaiser C, Daane KM, Sudarshana MR, Vo J, Zalom FG, Buser JZ, Walton VM. Spatial Associations of Vines Infected With Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Oregon Vineyards. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1507-1514. [PMID: 31025904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-18-1306-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spread and in-field spatial patterns of vines infected with grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) were documented in Oregon vineyards using field sampling, molecular diagnostics, and spatial analysis. Grapevine petiole tissue collected from 2013 to 2016 was tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for GRBV. At Jacksonville in southern Oregon, 3.1% of vines were infected with GRBV in 2014, and GRBV incidence reached 58.5% of study vines by 2016. GRBV-infected plants and GRBV-uninfected plants were spatially aggregated at this site in 2015, and infected plants were spatially associated between years 2015 and 2016. In a southern Oregon vineyard near Talent, 10.4% of vines were infected with GRBV in 2014, and infection increased annually to 21.5% in 2016. At Talent, distribution of the infected vines was spatially associated across all years. GRBV infection was highest at Yamhill, in the Willamette Valley, where 31.7% of the tested vines had GRBV infection in 2014. By 2016, 59.2% of the vines tested positive for GRBV. Areas of aggregation increased and were spatially associated across all years. From 2013 to 2015, GRBV was not detected at Milton-Freewater in eastern Oregon. Spatial patterns of GRBV infection support evidence of spread by a mobile insect vector. GRBV is a significant threat to Oregon wine grape production because of its drastic year-over-year spread in affected vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dalton
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Richard J Hilton
- 2 Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Central Point, OR 97502
| | - Clive Kaiser
- 3 Oregon State University Extension Service, Umatilla County, Milton-Freewater, OR 97862
| | - Kent M Daane
- 4 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Julia Vo
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Frank G Zalom
- 6 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jessica Z Buser
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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23
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Xiao H, Li C, Al Rwahnih M, Dolja V, Meng B. Metagenomic Analysis of Riesling Grapevine Reveals a Complex Virome Including Two New and Divergent Variants of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1275-1285. [PMID: 30932733 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1503-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The virome of a major white wine grape of cultivar Riesling showing decline and leafroll disease symptoms was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) using total RNAs as templates and the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Analysis of HTS data revealed the presence of five viruses and three viroids in the infected vine. These viruses are Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and GLRaV-3 (genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae) and three viruses of the family Betaflexiviridae (namely, Grapevine virus A [GVA], Grapevine virus B, and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus [GRSPaV]). We also show that multiple distinct strains of three viruses (GLRaV-3, GVA, and GRSPaV) were present in this diseased grapevine. The complete genomes of two novel and highly divergent isolates of GLRaV-3 were determined using the draft genomes derived from HTS data and two independent rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies to obtain sequences at both the 5' and the 3' termini of the viral genomes. Questionable genome regions of both isolates were also verified through cloning of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction products and Sanger sequencing. These two isolates are vastly divergent from all other isolates of GLRaV-3 whose genome sequences are available in GenBank. Isolate ON8415A has up to 76% nucleotide sequence identities to other isolates representing existing variant groups. We also revealed high degrees of variation in both length and sequence in the terminal untranslated regions (UTRs) of GLRaV-3 variants. The 5'-UTR of most GLRaV-3 isolates whose complete genomes have been sequenced contain tandem repeats of 65 nucleotides, a highly unusual feature rarely observed in (+)single-stranded RNA viruses. Mechanisms for the biogenesis of these tandem repeats and their function in virus replication and pathogenesis require investigation. Findings of this research add to the genetic diversity, evolutionary biology, and diagnostics of GLRaV-3 that afflicts the global grape wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huogen Xiao
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Caihong Li
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; and
| | - Valerian Dolja
- 3 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Baozhong Meng
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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24
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Girardello RC, Cooper ML, Smith RJ, Lerno LA, Bruce RC, Eridon S, Oberholster A. Impact of Grapevine Red Blotch Disease on Grape Composition of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Chardonnay. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5496-5511. [PMID: 31013081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) is a recently recognized viral disease that affects grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.). Currently little is known about its impact on grape composition. This study focused on the impact of GRBD on grape primary and secondary metabolites (mainly phenolic compounds) of three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars during two seasons. Grapes from symptomatic red blotch diseased vines (RB (+)) mostly had lower concentration of total soluble solids (TSS) and higher titratable acidity (TA) levels when compared to grapes from healthy vines (RB (-)) at harvest. GRBD impacted grape phenolic composition by mostly decreasing anthocyanin and increasing flavonol and proanthocyanidin (PA) contents in berry skins. No major impacts were observed on seed phenolics. RB (+) grapes contained more amino and carboxylic acids, while RB (-) grapes contained more oligosaccharides, polyols, and some specific monosaccharides at harvest. The impact of GRBD on grape composition was variable and dependent on the cultivar, site, and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul C Girardello
- Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California , Davis , California 95616-8749 , United States
| | - Monica L Cooper
- University of California , Cooperative Extension , Napa , California 94559-1311 , United States
| | - Rhonda J Smith
- University of California , Cooperative Extension , Santa Rosa , California 95403-2894 , United States
| | - Larry A Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California , Davis , California 95616-8749 , United States
| | - Robert C Bruce
- Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California , Davis , California 95616-8749 , United States
| | - Sean Eridon
- Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California , Davis , California 95616-8749 , United States
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California , Davis , California 95616-8749 , United States
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25
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Tarquini G, Zaina G, Ermacora P, De Amicis F, Franco-Orozco B, Loi N, Martini M, Bianchi GL, Pagliari L, Firrao G, de Paoli E, Musetti R. Agroinoculation of Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus in tobacco and grapevine provides insights on viral pathogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214010. [PMID: 30889228 PMCID: PMC6424481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Grapevine Pinot Gris disease (GPG-d) is a novel disease characterized by symptoms such as leaf mottling and deformation, which has been recently reported in grapevines, and mostly in Pinot gris. Plants show obvious symptoms at the beginning of the growing season, while during summer symptom recovery frequently occurs, manifesting as symptomless leaves. A new Trichovirus, named Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), which belongs to the family Betaflexiviridae was found in association with infected plants. The detection of the virus in asymptomatic grapevines raised doubts about disease aetiology. Therefore, the primary target of this work was to set up a reliable system for the study of the disease in controlled conditions, avoiding interfering factor(s) that could affect symptom development. To this end, two clones of the virus, pRI::GPGV-vir and pRI::GPGV-lat, were generated from total RNA collected from one symptomatic and one asymptomatic Pinot gris grapevine, respectively. The clones, which encompassed the entire genome of the virus, were used in Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of Vitis vinifera and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All inoculated plants developed symptoms regardless of their inoculum source, demonstrating a correlation between the presence of GPGV and symptomatic manifestations. Four months post inoculum, the grapevines inoculated with the pRI::GPGV-lat clone developed asymptomatic leaves that were still positive to GPGV detection. Three to four weeks later (i.e. ca. 5 months post inoculum), the same phenomenon was observed in the grapevines inoculated with pRI::GPGV-vir. This observation perfectly matches symptom progression in infected field-grown grapevines, suggesting a possible role for plant antiviral mechanisms, such as RNA silencing, in the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giusi Zaina
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Franco-Orozco
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nazia Loi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pagliari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firrao
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuele de Paoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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26
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Plank CM, Brillante L, Cooper ML, Smith RJ, Al-Rwahnih M, Yu R, Oberholster A, Girardello R, Kurtural SK. Grapevine Red Blotch Virus May Reduce Carbon Translocation Leading to Impaired Grape Berry Ripening. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2437-2448. [PMID: 30721055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is suspected to alter berry ripening and chemistry. This study performed a physiological characterization of GRBV infected grapevines with attention to the factors leading to chemical changes during ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon in two rootstocks, 110R and 420A. RB(+) grapevines had transiently lower net photosynthesis; however, berry total soluble solids (TSS) accumulation was consistently reduced in the two years of study. Accumulation of anthocyanins and loss of titratable acidity and proanthocyanins were also delayed in RB(+) plants. However, the comparison of samples with the same TSS led to lower pH and anthocyanins content. The reduction in carbon import into berries under mild and transient reductions in carbon fixation suggested an impairment of translocation mechanisms with RB(+), leading into a desynchronization of ripening-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Cassandra M Plank
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Luca Brillante
- California State University - Fresno , Department of Viticulture and Enology , 2360 Barstow Avenue , Fresno , California 93740 , United States
| | - Monica L Cooper
- University of California Cooperative Extension , 1710 Soscol Avenue , Napa , California 94559 , United States
| | - Rhonda J Smith
- University of California Cooperative Extension , 133 Aviation Boulevard , Santa Rosa , California 95403 , United States
| | - Maher Al-Rwahnih
- University of California Davis Foundation Plant Services , 455 Hopkins Road , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Runze Yu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Raul Girardello
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - S Kaan Kurtural
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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27
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Abstract
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) is associated with a vein-clearing and vine-decline disease. In this study, we surveyed wild Ampelopsis cordata from the Vitaceae family and found that 31% (35 of 113) of native A. cordata plants are infected with GVCV. The full-length genome sequence of one GVCV isolate from A. cordata shared 99.8% identical nucleotides with an isolate from a nearby cultivated 'Chardonel' grapevine, suggesting the occurrence of an insect vector. To identify a vector, we collected Aphis illinoisensis (common name: grape aphids) from wild A. cordata plants and detected GVCV in the aphid populations. We found that A. illinoisensis is capable of transmitting GVCV from infected A. cordata to Chardonel grapevines in the greenhouse. Upon transmission, GVCV caused severe symptoms on the infected Chardonel 45 days post transmission. We conclude that wild GVCV isolates from A. cordata are capable of inducing a severe disease on cultivated grapevines once they spread from native A. cordata to vineyards via grape aphids. The discovery of a natural reservoir and an insect vector of GVCV provides timely knowledge for disease management in vineyards and critical clues on viral evolution and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M Petersen
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
| | - Cory Keith
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
| | - Kaylie Austin
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
| | - Susanne Howard
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
| | - Li Su
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
| | - Wenping Qiu
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711
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28
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Diaz-Lara A, Klaassen V, Stevens K, Sudarshana MR, Rowhani A, Maree HJ, Chooi KM, Blouin AG, Habili N, Song Y, Aram K, Arnold K, Cooper ML, Wunderlich L, Battany MC, Bettiga LJ, Smith RJ, Bester R, Xiao H, Meng B, Preece JE, Golino D, Al Rwahnih M. Characterization of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 genetic variants and application towards RT-qPCR assay design. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208862. [PMID: 30540844 PMCID: PMC6291115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is the most widely prevalent and economically important of the complex of RNA viruses associated with grapevine leafroll disease (GLD). Phylogenetic studies have grouped GLRaV-3 isolates into nine different monophyletic groups and four supergroups, making GLRaV-3 a genetically highly diverse virus species. In addition, new divergent variants have been discovered recently around the world. Accurate identification of the virus is an essential component in the management and control of GLRaV-3; however, the diversity of GLRaV-3, coupled with the limited sequence information, have complicated the development of a reliable detection assay. In this study, GLRaV-3 sequence data available in GenBank and those generated at Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, was used to develop a new RT-qPCR assay with the capacity to detect all known GLRaV-3 variants. The new assay, referred to as FPST, was challenged against samples that included plants infected with different GLRaV-3 variants and originating from 46 countries. The FPST assay detected all known GLRaV-3 variants, including the highly divergent variants, by amplifying a small highly conserved region in the 3' untranslated terminal region (UTR) of the virus genome. The reliability of the new RT-qPCR assay was confirmed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can detect all known GLRaV-3 variants characterized to date. Additionally, three new GLRaV-3 divergent variants, represented by four isolates, were identified using a hierarchical testing process involving the FPST assay, GLRaV-3 variant-specific assays and high-throughput sequencing analysis. These variants were distantly related to groups I, II, III, V, VI, VII and IX, but much similar to GLRaV-3 variants with no assigned group; thus, they may represent new clades. Finally, based on the phylogenetic analysis, a new GLRaV-3 subclade is proposed and named as group X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Vicki Klaassen
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kristian Stevens
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mysore R. Sudarshana
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Adib Rowhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hans J. Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arnaud G. Blouin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nuredin Habili
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yashu Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamyar Aram
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kari Arnold
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-Stanislaus County, Modesto, California, United States of America
| | - Monica L. Cooper
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-Napa County, Napa, California, United States of America
| | - Lynn Wunderlich
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-Central Sierra, Placerville, California, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Battany
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-San Luis Obispo County, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Bettiga
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-Monterey County, Monterey, California, United States of America
| | - Rhonda J. Smith
- University of California, Cooperative Extension-Sonoma County, Sonoma, California, United States of America
| | - Rachelle Bester
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Huogen Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E. Preece
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Deborah Golino
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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29
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El Aou-Ouad H, Bota J, Obata T, Montero R, Fernie AR, Medrano H, Pou A, Florez-Sarasa I. Combined drought and virus infection trigger aspects of respiratory metabolism related to grapevine physiological responses. J Plant Physiol 2018; 231:19-30. [PMID: 30212658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean region, grapevines usually deal with drought during their summer growth season. Concurrently, grapevines are hosts to a large number of viruses from which grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 is one of the most widespread and provokes considerable economic losses in many vineyards. However, information concerning grapevine metabolic responses to the combination of drought and viral infection is scarce. Gas-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry based metabolite profiling was used in combination with growth analysis, viral loads and gas exchange data to perform an integrative study of the effects of individual and combined stress in two Majorcan grapevine varieties at two experimental years. Metabolic responses of both varieties to the combination of water stress and virus infection were specific and not predicted from the sum of single stress responses. Correlations between respiration, biomass and key metabolites highlight specific adjustments of respiratory and amino acid metabolism possibly underlying the maintenance of carbon balance and growth in grapevines under stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Aou-Ouad
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, 68588 NE, USA
| | - Rafael Montero
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hipolito Medrano
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alicia Pou
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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30
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Chitarra W, Cuozzo D, Ferrandino A, Secchi F, Palmano S, Perrone I, Boccacci P, Pagliarani C, Gribaudo I, Mannini F, Gambino G. Dissecting interplays between Vitis vinifera L. and grapevine virus B (GVB) under field conditions. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:2651-2666. [PMID: 30055094 PMCID: PMC6638183 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus infections are often difficult to characterize as they result from a complex molecular and physiological interplay between a pathogen and its host. In this study, the impact of the phloem-limited grapevine virus B (GVB) on the Vitis vinifera L. wine-red cultivar Albarossa was analysed under field conditions. Trials were carried out over two growing seasons by combining agronomic, molecular, biochemical and ecophysiological approaches. The data showed that GVB did not induce macroscopic symptoms on 'Albarossa', but affected the ecophysiological performances of vines in terms of assimilation rates, particularly at the end of the season, without compromising yield and vigour. In GVB-infected plants, the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the leaves and transcriptional changes in sugar- and photosynthetic-related genes seemed to trigger defence responses similar to those observed in plants infected by phytoplasmas, although to a lesser extent. In addition, GVB activated berry secondary metabolism. In particular, total anthocyanins and their acetylated forms accumulated at higher levels in GVB-infected than in GVB-free berries, consistent with the expression profiles of the related biosynthetic genes. These results contribute to improve our understanding of the multifaceted grapevine-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA‐VE)Via XVIII Aprile 26Conegliano31015Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Francesca Secchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
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31
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Preto CR, Sudarshana MR, Bollinger ML, Zalom FG. Vitis vinifera (Vitales: Vitaceae) as a Reproductive Host of Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae). J Insect Sci 2018; 18:5253389. [PMID: 30566644 PMCID: PMC6299463 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Feeding by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) results in girdling of grapevine petioles and shoots. Its significance as an economic pest of grape has increased since it was shown to transmit Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in a greenhouse study. However, the status of grapevines as a reproductive host for S. festinus remained undetermined. Adult S. festinus were caged onto three regions of the grapevines: apical shoot, green shoot, and dormant cane. Their ability to reproduce was determined by weekly destructive sampling for 7 wk. Successful oviposition and nymphal emergence were observed on apical and green shoots, but not on dormant canes. However, insect development beyond the second nymphal instar did not occur. Knowledge of S. festinus reproduction on grapevines will be an important consideration in designing management guidelines to minimize the spread of GRBV in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy R Preto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Michael L Bollinger
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Setiono FJ, Chatterjee D, Fuchs M, Perry KL, Thompson JR. The Distribution and Detection of Grapevine red blotch virus in its Host Depend on Time of Sampling and Tissue Type. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2187-2193. [PMID: 30226420 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0450-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of grapevine red blotch, an emerging disease that affects cultivated grapevine such as Vitis vinifera. The ability to detect viruses in grapevine is often hindered by low virus titers compounded by a variable distribution in the plant and seasonal variations. In order to examine these two variables in relation to GRBV, we developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method that incorporates both internal and external references to enhance assay robustness. In greenhouse-grown vines infected with GRBV, qPCR identified highest virus titers in the petioles of fully expanded leaves and significantly reduced levels of virus in the shoot extremities. In vineyard-grown vines infected with GRBV, the virus titer in July and October 2016 followed a pattern similar to that found for the greenhouse-grown plants but, most strikingly, close to half (44%) of the samples analyzed in June 2015 tested negative for infection. The technique presented and results obtained highlight the variability of virus distribution in its host and provide a useful guide for selecting the best tissues for optimal GRBV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia J Setiono
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Debotri Chatterjee
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Marc Fuchs
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456, USA
| | - Keith L Perry
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University
| | - Jeremy R Thompson
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University
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Adiputra J, Kesoju SR, Naidu RA. The Relative Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and Grapevine red blotch virus in Washington State Vineyards. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2129-2135. [PMID: 30226418 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-17-1962-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vineyard surveys were conducted for three consecutive seasons in eastern Washington State, the major grapevine-growing region in the state, to document the occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). The majority of samples were collected from red-berried wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars exhibiting symptoms of or suspected for grapevine leafroll (GLD) and red blotch (GRBD) diseases. A limited number of samples from white-berried cultivars were collected randomly due to the lack of visual symptoms. Samples were collected from a total of 2,063 grapevines from 18 red-berried cultivars and seven white-berried cultivars planted in eight American Viticultural Areas and tested for GLRaV-3 and GRBV using RT-PCR and PCR, respectively. The results showed 67.77% and 6.01% of total samples positive for GLRaV-3 and GRBV, respectively, and 9.06% of samples positive for both viruses. About 17% of samples tested negative for the two viruses, but some of these samples were positive for GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-4. Overall results indicated that GLRaV-3 was more common than GRBV, independent of cultivars and the geographic origin of samples. Due to variability in symptoms in red-berried cultivars, virus-specific diagnostic assays were deemed necessary for reliable identification of GLRaV-3 and GRBV and to differentiate GLD and GRBD symptoms from those induced by biotic and abiotic stresses in vineyards. A multiplex PCR protocol was developed for simultaneous detection of GLRaV-3 and GRBV in grapevine samples. A global phylogenetic analysis of GRBV genome sequences revealed segregation of virus isolates from Washington State vineyards into two distinct clades, with the majority of isolates belonging to clade II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jati Adiputra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
| | - Sandya R Kesoju
- Department of Agriculture, Columbia Basin College, Pasco, WA 99301
| | - Rayapati A Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
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Cieniewicz E, Thompson JR, McLane H, Perry KL, Dangl GS, Corbett Q, Martinson T, Wise A, Wallis A, O'Connell J, Dunst R, Cox K, Fuchs M. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Grabloviruses in Free-Living Vitis spp. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2308-2316. [PMID: 30207510 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0496-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and diversity of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and wild Vitis virus 1 (WVV1) (genus Grablovirus; family Geminiviridae) were determined in free-living Vitis spp. in northern California and New York from 2013 to 2017. Grabloviruses were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 28% (57 of 203) of samples from California but in none of the 163 samples from New York. The incidence of GRBV in free-living vines was significantly higher in samples from California counties with high compared with low grape production (χ2 = 83.09; P < 0.001), and in samples near (<5 km) to compared with far (>5 km) from vineyards (χ2 = 57.58; P < 0.001). These results suggested a directional spread of GRBV inoculum predominantly from vineyards to free-living Vitis spp. WVV1 incidence was also significantly higher in areas with higher grape production acreage (χ2 = 16.02; P < 0.001). However, in contrast to GRBV, no differential distribution of WVV1 incidence was observed with regard to distance from vineyards (χ2 = 0.88; P = 0.3513). Two distinct phylogenetic clades were identified for both GRBV and WVV1 isolates from free-living Vitis spp., although the nucleotide sequence variability of the genomic diversity fragment was higher for WWV1 (94.3 to 99.8% sequence identity within clade 1 isolates and 90.1 to 100% within clade 2 isolates) than GRBV (98.3% between clade 1 isolates and 96.9 to 100% within clade 2 isolates). Additionally, evidence for intraspecific recombination events was found in WVV1 isolates and confirmed in GRBV isolates. The prevalence of grabloviruses in California free-living vines highlights the need for vigilance regarding potential grablovirus inoculum sources in order to protect new vineyard plantings and foundation stock vineyards in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cieniewicz
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Jeremy R Thompson
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Heather McLane
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Keith L Perry
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Gerald S Dangl
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | - Timothy Martinson
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Alice Wise
- Cornell Cooperative Extension, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Riverhead, NY 11901
| | - Anna Wallis
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station and (formerly) Cornell Cooperative Extension, Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture, Plattsburg, NY 12901
| | - James O'Connell
- Cornell Cooperative Extension, Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture, Highland, NY 12528
| | | | - Kerik Cox
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - Marc Fuchs
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station
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Halldorson MM, Keller M. Grapevine leafroll disease alters leaf physiology but has little effect on plant cold hardiness. Planta 2018; 248:1201-1211. [PMID: 30094489 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Foliar sugar accumulation in grapevines with leafroll disease was correlated with lower photosynthesis, likely due to feedback inhibition. However, cold acclimation of dormant tissues remained unaffected by the virus status. Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) contribute to losses in fruit yield and quality worldwide. Visually, leafroll disease symptoms appear similar to those associated with an imbalance in source/sink relations and a concomitant feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, which is often caused by an impasse in sugar translocation. In order to test this potential relationship and related physiological responses, leaf water status, gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, and dormant tissue cold hardiness were examined over 2 years in healthy and GLRaV-3-infected, field-grown Merlot grapevines. Diurnal and seasonal changes in leaf water status and gas exchange were dominated by variations in water availability, temperature, and leaf age, while GLRaV-3 infection contributed less to the overall variation. By contrast, foliar carbohydrates increased markedly in infected plants, with starch accumulating early in the growing season, followed by soluble sugar accumulation, leaf reddening, and declining gas exchange. Photosynthesis correlated negatively with leaf sugar content. However, dormant-season cold hardiness of buds and cane vascular tissues was similar in healthy and infected vines. These findings support the idea that visible symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease are a consequence of carbohydrate accumulation which, in turn, may lead to feedback inhibition of photosynthesis. In addition, this study provided evidence that GLRaV-3 infection is unlikely to alter the susceptibility to moderate water deficit and winter damage in mature Merlot grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Halldorson
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
- Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA.
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Nourinejhad Zarghani S, Hily JM, Glasa M, Marais A, Wetzel T, Faure C, Vigne E, Velt A, Lemaire O, Boursiquot JM, Okic A, Ruiz-Garcia AB, Olmos A, Lacombe T, Candresse T. Grapevine virus T diversity as revealed by full-length genome sequences assembled from high-throughput sequence data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206010. [PMID: 30376573 PMCID: PMC6207325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNASeq or double-stranded RNA based approaches allowed the reconstruction of a total of 9 full-length or near full-length genomes of the recently discovered grapevine virus T (GVT). In addition, datamining of publicly available grapevine RNASeq transcriptome data allowed the reconstruction of a further 14 GVT genomes from five grapevine sources. Together with four GVT sequences available in Genbank, these novel sequences were used to analyse GVT diversity. GVT shows a very limited amount of indels variation but a high level of nucleotide and aminoacid polymorphism. This level is comparable to that shown in the closely related grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV). Further analyses showed that GVT mostly evolves under conservative selection pressure and that recombination has contributed to its evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analyses allow to identify at least seven clearly separated groups of GVT isolates. Analysis of the only reported PCR GVT-specific detection primer pair indicates that it is likely to fail to amplify some GVT isolates. Taken together these results point at the distinctiveness of GVT but also at the many points it shares with GRSPaV. They constitute the first pan-genomic analysis of the diversity of this novel virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani
- DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Miroslav Glasa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Armelle Marais
- Equipe de Virologie, UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Wetzel
- DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
| | - Chantal Faure
- Equipe de Virologie, UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Amandine Velt
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Jean Michel Boursiquot
- UMR 1334 AGAP, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne, INRA, Marseillan-Plage, France
| | - Arnela Okic
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Antonio Olmos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thierry Lacombe
- UMR 1334 AGAP, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne, INRA, Marseillan-Plage, France
| | - Thierry Candresse
- Equipe de Virologie, UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Jarugula S, Gowda S, Dawson WO, Naidu RA. Development of infectious cDNA clones of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and analyses of the 5' non-translated region for replication and virion formation. Virology 2018; 523:89-99. [PMID: 30103103 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious cDNA clones were developed for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3, genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae). In vitro RNA transcripts generated from cDNA clones showed replication via the production of 3'-coterminal subgenomic (sg) mRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. The detection of sgRNAs and the recovery of progeny recombinant virions from N. benthamiana leaves agroinfiltrated with full-length cDNA clones confirmed RNA replication and virion formation. The 5' non-translated region (5' NTR) of GLRaV-3 was exchangeable between genetic variants and complement the corresponding cognate RNA functions in trans. Mutational analysis of the 5' NTR in minireplicon cDNA clones showed that the conserved 40 nucleotides at the 5'-terminus were indispensable for replication, compared to downstream variable portion of the 5' NTR. Some of the functional mutations in the 5' NTR were tolerated in full-length cDNA clones and produced sgRNAs and virions in N. benthamiana leaves, whereas other mutations affected replication and virion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Jarugula
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, WA 99350, United States
| | - Siddarame Gowda
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - William O Dawson
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Rayapati A Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, WA 99350, United States.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the Ontario grape and wine industry has experienced outbreaks of viral diseases across the province. Little is known about the prevalence of viruses and viral diseases in Ontario. Since 2015, we have conducted large-scale surveys for major viruses in commercial wine grapes in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and severity of viral diseases in Ontario. METHODS A total of 657 composite leaf samples representing 3285 vines collected from 137 vine blocks of 33 vineyards from three appellations: Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore and Prince Edward County. These samples covered six major red cultivars and five major white grape cultivars. Using a multiplex RT-PCR format, we tested these samples for 17 viruses including those involved in all major viral diseases of the grapevine, such as five grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, 2, 3, 4, 7), grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), grapevine rupestris stem sitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine virus B (GVB), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), trapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), among others. RESULTS Fourteen of the 17 viruses were detected from these samples and the predominant viruses are GRSPaV, GLRaV-3, GFkV, GPGV and GRBaV with an incidence of 84.0, 47.9, 21.8, 21.6 and 18.3%, respectively. As expected, mixed infections with multiple viruses are common. 95.6% of the samples included in the survey were infected with at least one virus; 67% of the samples with 2-4 viruses and 4.7% of the samples with 5-6 viruses. The major grape cultivars all tested positive for these major viruses. The results also suggested that the use of infected planting material may have been one of the chief factors responsible for the recent outbreaks of viral diseases across the province. CONCLUSIONS This is the first such comprehensive survey for grapevine viruses in Ontario and one of the most extensive surveys ever conducted in Canada. The recent outbreaks of viral diseases in Ontario vineyards were likely caused by GLRaV-3, GRBV and GPGV. Findings from this survey provides a baseline for the grape and wine industry in developing strategies for managing grapevine viral diseases in Ontario vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huogen Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mehdi Shabanian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Clayton Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Caihong Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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Beuve M, Hily JM, Alliaume A, Reinbold C, Le Maguet J, Candresse T, Herrbach E, Lemaire O. A complex virome unveiled by deep sequencing analysis of RNAs from a French Pinot Noir grapevine exhibiting strong leafroll symptoms. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2937-2946. [PMID: 30033497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the virome of a grapevine Pinot Noir accession (P70) that displayed, over the year, very stable and strong leafroll symptoms. For this, we have used two extraction methods (dsRNA and total RNA) coupled with the high throughput sequencing (HTS) Illumina technique. While a great disparity in viral sequences were observed, both approaches gave similar results, revealing a very complex infection status. Five virus and viroid isolates [Grapevine leafroll-associated viruse-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1)] were detected in P70 with a grand total of eleven variants being identified and de novo assembled. A comparison between both extraction methods regarding their power to detect viruses and the ease of genome assembly is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Beuve
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean Le Maguet
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
- Institut Français des Productions Cidricoles (IFPC), 61500, Sées, France
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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40
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Yepes LM, Cieniewicz E, Krenz B, McLane H, Thompson JR, Perry KL, Fuchs M. Causative Role of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Red Blotch Disease. Phytopathology 2018; 108:902-909. [PMID: 29436986 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-17-0419-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) has a monopartite single-stranded DNA genome and is the type species of the genus Grablovirus in the family Geminiviridae. To address the etiological role of GRBV in the recently recognized red blotch disease of grapevine, infectious GRBV clones were engineered from the genome of each of the two previously identified phylogenetic clades for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated inoculations of tissue culture-grown Vitis spp. plants. Following agroinoculation and one or two dormancy cycles, systemic GRBV infection was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Vitis vinifera exhibiting foliar disease symptoms but not in asymptomatic vines. Infected rootstock genotype SO4 (V. berlandieri × V. riparia) exhibited leaf chlorosis and cupping, while infection was asymptomatic in agroinoculated 110R (V. berlandieri × V. rupestris), 3309C (V. riparia × V. rupestris), and V. rupestris. Spliced GRBV transcripts of the replicase-associated protein coding region accumulated in leaves of agroinfected vines, as shown by reverse-transcription PCR; this was consistent with systemic infection resulting from virus replication. Additionally, a virus progeny identical in nucleotide sequence to the infectious GRBV clones was recovered from agroinfected vines by rolling circle amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Concomitantly, subjecting naturally infected grapevines to microshoot tip culture resulted in an asymptomatic plant progeny that tested negative for GRBV in multiplex PCR. Altogether, our agroinoculation and therapeutic experiments fulfilled Koch's postulates and revealed the causative role of GRBV in red blotch disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Marcela Yepes
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Elizabeth Cieniewicz
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Björn Krenz
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Heather McLane
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jeremy R Thompson
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Keith Lloyd Perry
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marc Fuchs
- First, second, and seventh authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
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41
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Morán F, Olmos A, Lotos L, Predajňa L, Katis N, Glasa M, Maliogka V, Ruiz-García AB. A novel specific duplex real-time RT-PCR method for absolute quantitation of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in plant material and single mites. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197237. [PMID: 29763449 PMCID: PMC5953474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a widely distributed grapevine pathogen that has been associated to the grapevine leaf mottling and deformation disease. With the aim of better understanding the disease epidemiology and providing efficient control strategies a specific and quantitative duplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay has been developed. This method has allowed reliable quantitation of the GPGV titer ranging from 30 up to 3 x 108 transcript copies, with a detection limit of 70 viral copies in plant material. The assay targets a grapevine internal control that reduces the occurrence of false negative results, thus increasing the diagnostic sensitivity of the technique. Viral isolates both associated and non-associated to symptoms from Greece, Slovakia and Spain have been successfully detected. The method has also been applied to the absolute quantitation of GPGV in its putative transmission vector Colomerus vitis. Moreover, the viral titer present in single mites has been determined. In addition, in the current study a new polymorphism in the GPGV genome responsible for a shorter movement protein has been found. A phylogenetic study based on this genomic region has shown a high variability among Spanish isolates and points to a different evolutionary origin of this new polymorphism. The methodology here developed opens new possibilities for basic and epidemiological studies as well as for the establishment of efficient control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Morán
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Olmos
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonidas Lotos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lukáš Predajňa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikolaos Katis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Varvara Maliogka
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ana B. Ruiz-García
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Tarquini G, Ermacora P, Bianchi GL, De Amicis F, Pagliari L, Martini M, Loschi A, Saldarelli P, Loi N, Musetti R. Localization and subcellular association of Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus in grapevine leaf tissues. Protoplasma 2018; 255:923-935. [PMID: 29273825 PMCID: PMC5904240 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing impact of Grapevine Pinot gris disease (GPG-disease) worldwide, etiology about this disorder is still uncertain. The presence of the putative causal agent, the Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus (GPGV), has been reported in symptomatic grapevines (presenting stunting, chlorotic mottling, and leaf deformation) as well as in symptom-free plants. Moreover, information on virus localization in grapevine tissues and virus-plant interactions at the cytological level is missing at all. Ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations were undertaken to detect virus particles and the associated cytopathic effects in field-grown grapevine showing different symptom severity. Asymptomatic greenhouse-grown grapevines, which tested negative for GPGV by real time RT-PCR, were sampled as controls. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR and ELISA tests excluded the presence of viruses included in the Italian certification program both in field-grown and greenhouse-grown grapevines. Conversely, evidence was found for ubiquitous presence of Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting-associated Virus (GRSPaV), Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd), and Grapevine Yellow Speckle Viroid 1 (GYSVd-1) in both plant groups. Moreover, in every field-grown grapevine, GPGV was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Ultrastructural observations and immunogold labelling assays showed filamentous flexuous viruses in the bundle sheath cells, often located inside membrane-bound organelles. No cytological differences were observed among field-grown grapevine samples showing different symptom severity. GPGV localization and associated ultrastructural modifications are reported and discussed, in the perspective of assisting management and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Bianchi
- ERSA, Servizio fitosanitario e chimico, ricerca, sperimentazione ed assistenza tecnica, via Sabbatini, 5, Pozzuolo del Friuli, 33050, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- ERSA, Servizio fitosanitario e chimico, ricerca, sperimentazione ed assistenza tecnica, via Sabbatini, 5, Pozzuolo del Friuli, 33050, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Pagliari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Loschi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Pasquale Saldarelli
- CNR-Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, via Amendola, 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nazia Loi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Reynard JS, Brodard J, Dubuis N, Zufferey V, Schumpp O, Schaerer S, Gugerli P. Grapevine red blotch virus: Absence in Swiss Vineyards and Analysis of Potential Detrimental Effect on Viticultural Performance. Plant Dis 2018; 102:651-655. [PMID: 30673492 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1069-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently described virus that infects grapevine. Little information is available on the possible occurrence and distribution outside North America. Therefore, we surveyed commercial vineyards from the three major grape-growing regions in Switzerland to determine the presence or absence of GRBV. In total, 3,062 vines were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. None of the vines tested positive for GRBV, suggesting the absence of GRBV from Swiss vineyards. We also investigated whether GRBV was present in 653 grapevine accessions in the Agroscope grapevine virus collection at Nyon, including dominantly Swiss (457) but also international accessions. Only six referential accessions were infected by GRBV, all originating from the United States, whereas all others from 10 European and 8 non-European origins tested negative. High-throughput sequencing analysis of Zinfandel A2V13, in the collection since 1985, confirmed close similarity of GRBV isolate Z_A2V13 to American isolates according to genomes deposited in GenBank. Because the Zinfandel A2V13 reference was also maintained grafted on the leafroll virus indicator Vitis vinifera 'Gamay', we evaluated the effect of GRBV on viticultural performance over a 3-year period. Our results showed clear detrimental effects of GRBV on grapevine physiology (vine vigor, leaf chlorophyll content, and gas exchange) and fruit quality. These findings underscore the importance of implementation of GRBV testing worldwide in certification and quarantine programs to prevent the dissemination of this virus.
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Hily J, Demanèche S, Poulicard N, Tannières M, Djennane S, Beuve M, Vigne E, Demangeat G, Komar V, Gertz C, Marmonier A, Hemmer C, Vigneron S, Marais A, Candresse T, Simonet P, Lemaire O. Metagenomic-based impact study of transgenic grapevine rootstock on its associated virome and soil bacteriome. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:208-220. [PMID: 28544449 PMCID: PMC5785345 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For some crops, the only possible approach to gain a specific trait requires genome modification. The development of virus-resistant transgenic plants based on the pathogen-derived resistance strategy has been a success story for over three decades. However, potential risks associated with the technology, such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of any part of the transgene to an existing gene pool, have been raised. Here, we report no evidence of any undesirable impacts of genetically modified (GM) grapevine rootstock on its biotic environment. Using state of the art metagenomics, we analysed two compartments in depth, the targeted Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) populations and nontargeted root-associated microbiota. Our results reveal no statistically significant differences in the genetic diversity of bacteria that can be linked to the GM trait. In addition, no novel virus or bacteria recombinants of biosafety concern can be associated with transgenic grapevine rootstocks cultivated in commercial vineyard soil under greenhouse conditions for over 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Demanèche
- Laboratoire Ampère (CNRS UMR5005), Environmental Microbial GenomicsÉcole Centrale de LyonUniversité de LyonEcullyFrance
| | | | - Mélanie Tannières
- INRASVQV UMR‐A 1131Université de StrasbourgColmarFrance
- Present address:
European Biological Control LaboratoryUSDA‐ARSCampus International de Baillarguet CS 90013 Montferrier‐Sur‐Lez34988Saint Gely‐Du‐Fesc CedexFrance
| | | | - Monique Beuve
- INRASVQV UMR‐A 1131Université de StrasbourgColmarFrance
| | | | | | | | - Claude Gertz
- INRASVQV UMR‐A 1131Université de StrasbourgColmarFrance
| | | | | | | | - Armelle Marais
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et PathologieINRAUniversité de BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et PathologieINRAUniversité de BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Laboratoire Ampère (CNRS UMR5005), Environmental Microbial GenomicsÉcole Centrale de LyonUniversité de LyonEcullyFrance
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Abstract
Limited information is available on the spread of Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. To investigate ecological aspects of red blotch disease spread, sticky cards to catch flying insects were placed in 2015 (April to November) and 2016 (March to November) in a vineyard study site in California where disease incidence increased by nearly 20% between 2014 and 2016. Subsets of insect species or taxa were removed from sticky card traps and individual specimens were tested for the presence of GRBV by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. GRBV was consistently detected in Spissistilus festinus (Membracidae), Colladonus reductus (Cicadellidae), Osbornellus borealis (Cicadellidae), and a Melanoliarus sp. (Cixiidae). Populations of these four candidate vectors peaked from June to September, with viruliferous S. festinus peaking from late June to early July in both years. An assessment of co-occurrence and covariation between the spatial distribution of GRBV-infected vines and viruliferous insects identified a significant association only with viruliferous S. festinus. These findings revealed the epidemiological relevance of S. festinus as a vector of GRBV in a vineyard ecosystem. Sequencing coat protein and replicase-associated protein gene fragments of GRBV isolates from newly infected vines and viruliferous vector candidates further suggested secondary spread primarily from local sources and occasionally from background sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Cieniewicz
- First, second, and fifth authors: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, and third author: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and fourth author: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Sarah J Pethybridge
- First, second, and fifth authors: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, and third author: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and fourth author: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Gregory Loeb
- First, second, and fifth authors: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, and third author: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and fourth author: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Keith Perry
- First, second, and fifth authors: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, and third author: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and fourth author: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marc Fuchs
- First, second, and fifth authors: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, and third author: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456; and fourth author: Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Poojari S, Boulé J, DeLury N, Lowery DT, Rott M, Schmidt AM, Úrbez-Torres JR. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses in British Columbia. Plant Dis 2017; 101:2088-2097. [PMID: 30677387 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0497-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a complex associated with one or more virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae. The majority of viruses in this complex are vectored by one or more species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and/or scale insects (Coccidae). Grape-growing regions of British Columbia (BC), including Okanagan, Similkameen, and Fraser valleys and Kamloops (BC central interior), Vancouver, and Gulf islands, were surveyed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons for the presence of four major grapevine leafroll-associated viruses, including Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4. In total, 3,056 composite five-vine samples were collected from 153 Vitis vinifera and three interspecific hybrid vineyard blocks. The results showed GLRaV-3 to be the most widespread, occurring in 16.7% of the composite samples, followed by GLRaV-4 (3.9%), GLRaV-1 (3.8%), and GLRaV-2 (3.0%). Mixed infections of two or more GLRaVs were found in 4.1% of the total samples. The relative incidence of GLRaVs differed among regions and vineyard blocks of a different age. Characterization of partial CO1 region from a total of 241 insect specimens revealed the presence of Pseudococcus maritimus, Parthenolecanium corni, and other Pulvinaria sp. in BC vineyards. Spatial patterns of GLRaV-3 infected grapevines in three vineyard blocks from three different regions in the Okanagan Valley showed variable degrees of increase in disease spread ranging from 0 to 19.4% over three growing seasons. Regional differences in the relative incidence and spread of GLD underline the need for region-based management programs for BC vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poojari
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0
| | - J Boulé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0
| | - N DeLury
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0
| | - D T Lowery
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0
| | - M Rott
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Centre for Plant Health, Sidney Laboratory, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L1H3
| | - A-M Schmidt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Centre for Plant Health, Sidney Laboratory, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L1H3
| | - J R Úrbez-Torres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0
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San Pedro T, Gammoudi N, Peiró R, Olmos A, Gisbert C. Somatic embryogenesis from seeds in a broad range of Vitis vinifera L. varieties: rescue of true-to-type virus-free plants. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:226. [PMID: 29187140 PMCID: PMC5706158 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis is the preferred method for cell to plant regeneration in Vitis vinifera L. However, low frequencies of plant embryo conversion are commonly found. In a previous work we obtained from cut-seeds of a grapevine infected with the Grapevine leafroll associated viruses 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3), high rates of direct regeneration, embryo plant conversion and sanitation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of this procedure for regeneration of other grapevine varieties which include some infected with one to three common grapevine viruses (GLRaV-3, Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV)). As grapevine is highly heterozygous, it was necessary to select from among the virus-free plants those that regenerated from mother tissues around the embryo, (true-to-type). RESULTS Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were achieved in a first experiment, using cut-seeds from the 14 grapevine varieties Airén, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Mencía, Merlot, Monastrell, Petit Verdot, Pinot Blanc (infected by GFLV and GFkV), Pinot Gris, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Tempranillo (infected by GFLV), and Verdil. All regenerated plants were confirmed to be free of GFkV whereas at least 68% sanitation was obtained for GFLV. The SSR profiles of the virus-free plants showed, in both varieties, around 10% regeneration from mother tissue (the same genetic make-up as the mother plant). In a second experiment, this procedure was used to sanitize the varieties Cabernet Franc, Godello, Merlot and Valencí Blanc infected by GLRaV-3, GFkV and/or GFLV. CONCLUSIONS Cut-seeds can be used as explants for embryogenesis induction and plant conversion in a broad range of grapevine varieties. The high regeneration rates obtained with this procedure facilitate the posterior selection of true-to-type virus-free plants. A sanitation rate of 100% was obtained for GFkV as this virus is not seed-transmitted. However, the presence of GLRaV-3 and GFLV in some of the regenerated plants showed that both viruses are seed-transmitted. The regeneration of true-to-type virus-free plants from all infected varieties indicates that this methodology may represent an alternative procedure for virus cleaning in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tània San Pedro
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Carretera de Moncada a Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Najet Gammoudi
- Arid and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (IRA), 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Rosa Peiró
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Olmos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Carretera de Moncada a Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Carmina Gisbert
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Prator CA, Kashiwagi CM, Vončina D, Almeida RPP. Infection and Colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. Virology 2017; 510:60-66. [PMID: 28710957 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease is an increasing problem in all grape-growing regions of the world. The most widespread agent of the disease, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), has never been shown to infect species outside of the genus Vitis. Virus transmission to several plant species used as model systems was tested using the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. We show that GLRaV-3 is able to infect Nicotiana benthamiana. Working with GLRaV-3 infected N. benthamiana revealed distinct advantages in comparison with its natural host Vitis vinifera, yielding both higher viral protein and virion concentrations in western blot and transmission electron microscopy observations, respectively. Immunogold labelling of thin sections through N. benthamiana petioles revealed filamentous particles in the phloem cells of GLRaV-3 positive plants. Comparison of assembled whole genomes from GLRaV-3 infected V. vinifera vs. N. benthamiana revealed substitutions in the 5' UTR. These results open new avenues and opportunities for GLRaV-3 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chloe M Kashiwagi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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49
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Gholampour Z, Kargar M, Zakiaghl M, Siampour M, Mehrvar M, Izadpanah K. Dynamics of the population structure and genetic variability within Iranian isolates of grapevine fanleaf virus: evidence for polyphyletic origin. Acta Virol 2017; 61:324-335. [PMID: 28854797 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), the complete nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of 41 isolates from different regions in Iran was determined. Phylogenetic analyses of these isolates together with those available in the GenBank revealed two evolutionary divergent lineages, designated GFLV-G and GFLV-Ir that reflect origin of the isolates. Analysis of the genetic variability in the coat protein of these isolates revealed 37 genotype groups in GFLV population. Analyses indicate that GFLV-G and GFLV-Ir clades are significantly differentiated populations of GFLV. Also, geographical subpopulations of the virus in Iran were completely distinct from each other. Examination of nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide diversity showed that the CP gene has been under purifying selection. The neutrality tests indicate balancing selection operating within isolates of the northwest of Iran and purifying selection within the other populations.
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50
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Cui ZH, Bi WL, Hao XY, Li PM, Duan Y, Walker MA, Xu Y, Wang QC. Drought Stress Enhances Up-Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3-Infected in vitro Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Leaves. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1606-1615. [PMID: 30677332 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-17-0104-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Reddish-purple coloration on the leaf blades and downward rolling of leaf margins are typical symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) in red-fruited grapevine cultivars. These typical symptoms are attributed to the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanins synthesis, and the accumulation of flavonoids in diseased leaves. Drought has been proven to accelerate development of GLD symptoms in virus-infected leaves of grapevine. However, it is not known how drought affects GLD expression nor how anthocyanin biosynthesis in virus-infected leaves is altered. The present study used HPLC to determine the types and levels of anthocyanins, and applied reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanin synthesis. Plantlets of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3)-infected Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' were grown in vitro under PEG-induced drought stress. HPLC found no anthocyanin-related peaks in the healthy plantlets with or without PEG-induced stress, while 11 peaks were detected in the infected plantlets with or without PEG-induced drought stress, but the peaks were significantly higher in infected drought-stressed plantlets. Increased accumulation of total anthocyanin compounds was related to the development of GLD symptoms in the infected plantlets under PEG stress. The highest level of up-regulated gene expression was found in GLRaV-3-infected leaves with PEG-induced drought stress. Analyses of variance and correlation of anthocyanin accumulation with related gene expression levels found that GLRaV-3-infection was the key factor in increased anthocyanin accumulation. This accumulation involved the up-regulation of two key genes, MYBA1 and UFGT, and their expression levels were further enhanced by drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; and Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 95616-3014
| | - Wen-Lu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - M Andrew Walker
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 95616-3014
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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