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Kamel M, Ghaly G, Nasar A, Stiles B, Altorki N, Port J. PUB005 Robotic Thymectomy: Comparable Perioperative Outcomes for Benign Lesions and Early Stage Thymic Tumors. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stiles B, Nasar A, Razi S, Nguyen A, Lee P, Port J, Altorki N. P-252EPIRUBICIN/OXALIPLATIN/XELODA VERSUS OTHER PLATINUM BASED DOUBLETS FOR NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED OESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Port J, Kamel M, Ghaly G, Rahouma M, Nasar A, Lee P, Stiles B, Altorki N. O-087VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC LOBECTOMY IS THE PREFERRED APPROACH FOLLOWING INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Stiles B, Kamel M, Nasar A, Nguyen A, Lee P, Port J, Altorki N. F-147THE IMPORTANCE OF LYMPH NODE DISSECTION ACCOMPANYING WEDGE RESECTION FOR CLINICAL STAGE IA LUNG CANCER. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stiles B. Re: Discrepancy of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple ground-glass opacities. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:913. [PMID: 27530407 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Kamel M, Stiles B, Altorki NK. Clinical Issues in the Surgical Management of Screen-Identified Lung Cancers. Oncology (Williston Park) 2015; 29:944-951. [PMID: 26676898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The National Lung Screening Trial reported a 20% reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality in patients screened with low-dose computed tomography (CT) compared with those screened by plain chest radiography. This led to the endorsement of CT screening for lung cancer by the US Preventive Services Task Force and the subsequent approval of screening as a preventive health service reimbursable by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This review outlines the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with the increased number of screen-identified indeterminate lung nodules, highlighting currently recommended follow-up and management algorithms, as well as the various methods of nodule localization, tissue diagnosis, and definitive local therapeutic modalities.
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de Biasi AR, Nasar A, Lee PC, Port JL, Stiles B, Salemi A, Girardi L, Altorki NK, Paul S. National Analysis of Short-Term Outcomes After Pulmonary Resections on Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:2064-71. [PMID: 26296268 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary resections using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are infrequently performed. Their short-term outcomes are not well described. We queried the National Inpatient Sample over a 10-year period (2001 to 2011) to more clearly delineate the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing pulmonary resections on CPB. METHODS We identified all patients 18 years and older who underwent pulmonary lobectomy (LB) or pneumonectomy (PN) on CPB; lung transplantations were excluded. We then grouped these patients based on the setting in which bypass was used: LB/PN with planned CPB (group 1), LB/PN with concomitant on-pump cardiac procedure (group 2), or LB/PN requiring CPB secondary to injury (group 3). Demographic data and inhospital outcomes were obtained for each patient. RESULTS In all, 843 patients underwent LB or PN on CPB during the study period. Lobectomies were the most commonly performed procedure overall. Inhospital mortality for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 22% (n = 58), 16% (n = 61), and 57% (n = 115), respectively. Complications were prevalent across all groups. Routine discharge was achieved by fewer than half of all patients: 48% of group 1 (n = 128); 34% of group 2 (n = 129); and 18% of group 3 (n = 36). Pneumonectomy (odds ratio 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.00 to 7.53, p = 0.049) as well as using CPB either as part of a combined cardiac surgery (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.39 to 5.59, p = 0.002) or because of injury (odds ratio 6.52, 95% confidence interval: 2.13 to 19.99, p = 0.002) were found to be significant multivariate predictors of short-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary resections on CPB carry considerable short-term mortality and morbidity, but some risk can be partially mitigated when bypass is planned preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R de Biasi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Abu Nasar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Paul C Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey L Port
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Brendon Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Arash Salemi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Leonard Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Subroto Paul
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
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Stiles B, Adusumilli P, Narula N, Wagner P, Buitrago D, Nasar A, Lee P, Port J, Paul S, Altorki N. P-275CD44HIGH/CD24LOW LUNG CANCERS COORDINATELY OVEREXPRESS CANCER TESTIS ANTIGENS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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59
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Smith M, Giambrone G, Poon A, Gaber-Baylis L, Wu X, Paul S, Bhat A, Zabih R, Altorki N, Fleischut P, Stiles B. F-081VARIABILITY IN LENGTH OF STAY AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PULMONARY LOBECTOMY: IS THERE AN OPTIMAL LENGTH OF STAY? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Turbendian H, Seastedt KP, Shavladze N, Port J, Altorki N, Stiles B, Girardi L. Extended resection of sarcomas involving the mediastinum: a 15-year experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:829-34. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stiles B, Altorki N. Invited Commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1893. [PMID: 26046855 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nasser Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021.
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Durrans A, Gao D, Gupta R, Fischer KR, Choi H, El Rayes T, Ryu S, Nasar A, Spinelli CF, Andrews W, Elemento O, Nolan D, Stiles B, Rafii S, Narula N, Davuluri R, Altorki NK, Mittal V. Identification of Reprogrammed Myeloid Cell Transcriptomes in NSCLC. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129123. [PMID: 26046767 PMCID: PMC4457876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the most prevalent form. Despite advances in treatment options including minimally invasive surgery, CT-guided radiation, novel chemotherapeutic regimens, and targeted therapeutics, prognosis remains dismal. Therefore, further molecular analysis of NSCLC is necessary to identify novel molecular targets that impact prognosis and the design of new-targeted therapies. In recent years, tumor “activated/reprogrammed” stromal cells that promote carcinogenesis have emerged as potential therapeutic targets. However, the contribution of stromal cells to NSCLC is poorly understood. Here, we show increased numbers of bone marrow (BM)-derived hematopoietic cells in the tumor parenchyma of NSCLC patients compared with matched adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissue. By sorting specific cellular fractions from lung cancer patients, we compared the transcriptomes of intratumoral myeloid compartments within the tumor bed with their counterparts within adjacent non-neoplastic tissue from NSCLC patients. The RNA sequencing of specific myeloid compartments (immature monocytic myeloid cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) identified differentially regulated genes and mRNA isoforms, which were inconspicuous in whole tumor analysis. Genes encoding secreted factors, including osteopontin (OPN), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) were identified, which enhanced tumorigenic properties of lung cancer cells indicative of their potential as targets for therapy. This study demonstrates that analysis of homogeneous stromal populations isolated directly from fresh clinical specimens can detect important stromal genes of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Durrans
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Kari R. Fischer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Hyejin Choi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Tina El Rayes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Abu Nasar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Cathy F. Spinelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Weston Andrews
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Daniel Nolan
- HHMI, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Brendon Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Shahin Rafii
- HHMI, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
| | - Ramana Davuluri
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Nasser K. Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NKA); (VM)
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NKA); (VM)
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Senturk S, Yao Z, Camiolo M, Stiles B, Rathod T, Walsh AM, Nemajerova A, Lazzara MJ, Altorki NK, Krainer A, Moll UM, Lowe SW, Cartegni L, Sordella R. p53Ψ is a transcriptionally inactive p53 isoform able to reprogram cells toward a metastatic-like state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3287-96. [PMID: 25074920 PMCID: PMC4136628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321640111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about the underlying mechanisms of p53 activity and regulation, the factors that influence the diversity and duration of p53 responses are not well understood. Here we describe a unique mode of p53 regulation involving alternative splicing of the TP53 gene. We found that the use of an alternative 3' splice site in intron 6 generates a unique p53 isoform, dubbed p53Ψ. At the molecular level, p53Ψ is unable to bind to DNA and does not transactivate canonical p53 target genes. However, like certain p53 gain-of-function mutants, p53Ψ attenuates the expression of E-cadherin, induces expression of markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and enhances the motility and invasive capacity of cells through a unique mechanism involving the regulation of cyclophilin D activity, a component of the mitochondrial inner pore permeability. Hence, we propose that p53Ψ encodes a separation-of-function isoform that, although lacking canonical p53 tumor suppressor/transcriptional activities, is able to induce a prometastatic program in a transcriptionally independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serif Senturk
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Zhan Yao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Brendon Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Trushar Rathod
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alice M Walsh
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Alice Nemajerova
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Adrian Krainer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Luca Cartegni
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724;
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Stiles B, Nasar A, Salzler G, Paul S, Lee P, Port J, Altorki N. F-094 * CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF EARLY MORTALITY FOLLOWING NEOADJUVANT THERAPY AND OESOPHAGECTOMY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jain M, Narula N, Aggarwal A, Stiles B, Shevchuk MM, Sterling J, Salamoon B, Chandel V, Webb WW, Altorki NK, Mukherjee S. Multiphoton microscopy: a potential "optical biopsy" tool for real-time evaluation of lung tumors without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 138:1037-47. [PMID: 24199831 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0122-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an emerging, nonlinear, optical-biopsy technique, which can generate subcellular-resolution images from unprocessed and unstained tissue in real time. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential of MPM for lung tumor diagnosis. DESIGN Fresh sections from tumor and adjacent nonneoplastic lung were imaged with MPM and then compared with corresponding hematoxylin-eosin slides. RESULTS Alveoli, bronchi, blood vessels, pleura, smokers' macrophages, and lymphocytes were readily identified with MPM in nonneoplastic tissue. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (a preinvasive lesion) was identified in tissue adjacent to the tumor in one case. Of the 25 tumor specimens used for blinded pathologic diagnosis, 23 were diagnosable with MPM. Of these 23 cases, all but one adenocarcinoma (15 of 16; 94%) was correctly diagnosed on MPM, along with their histologic patterns. For squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of 7 specimens (57%) were correctly diagnosed. For the remaining 3 squamous cell carcinoma specimens, the solid pattern was correctly diagnosed in 2 additional cases (29%), but it was not possible to distinguish the squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma. The other squamous cell carcinoma specimen (1 of 7; 14%) was misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma because of pseudogland formation. Invasive adenocarcinomas with acinar and solid pattern showed statistically significant increases in collagen. Interobserver agreement for collagen quantification (among 3 observers) was 80%. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study provides a proof of principle that MPM can differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic lung tissue and identify tumor subtypes. If confirmed in a future, larger study, we foresee real-time intraoperative applications of MPM, using miniaturized instruments for directing lung biopsies, assessing their adequacy for subsequent histopathologic analysis or banking, and evaluating surgical margins in limited lung resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Jain
- From the Departments of Urology (Dr Jain), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Narula and Shevchuk), Biochemistry (Drs Aggarwal and Mukherjee, Mr Sterling, and Mr Salamoon), Thoracic Surgery (Drs Stiles and Altorki), and Surgery (Mr Chandel), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and the School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (Dr Webb). Dr Aggarwal is now with the Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York
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Chen WT, Zhu G, Pfaffenbach K, Kanel G, Stiles B, Lee AS. GRP78 as a regulator of liver steatosis and cancer progression mediated by loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Oncogene 2013; 33:4997-5005. [PMID: 24141775 PMCID: PMC3994182 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperone widely elevated in human cancers, is critical for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding, stress signaling and PI3K/AKT activation. Genetic knockout models of GRP78 revealed that GRP78 maintains homeostasis of metabolic organs, including liver, pancreas and adipose tissues. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are the most common liver cancers. There is a lack of effective therapeutics for HCC and CC, highlighting the need to further understand liver tumorigenic mechanisms. PTEN, a tumor suppressor that antagonizes the PI3K/AKT pathway, is inactivated in a wide range of tumors, including 40–50% of human liver cancers. To elucidate the role of GRP78 in liver cancer, we created a mouse model with biallelic liver-specific deletion of Pten and Grp78 mediated by Albumin-Cre-recombinase (cPf/f78f/f). Interestingly, in contrast to PTEN, deletion of GRP78 was progressive but incomplete. At 3 months, cPf/f78f/f livers showed hepatomegaly, activation of lipogenic genes, exacerbated steatosis and liver injury, implying that GRP78 protects the liver against PTEN-null mediated pathogenesis. Furthermore, in response to liver injury, we observed increased proliferation and expansion of bile duct and liver progenitor cells in cPf/f78f/f livers. Strikingly, bile duct cells in cPf/f78f/f livers maintained wild-type (WT) GRP78 level while adjacent areas showed GRP78 reduction. Analysis of signaling pathways revealed selective JNK activation, β-catenin downregulation, along with PDGFRα upregulation, which was unique to cPf/f78f/f livers at 6 months. Development of both HCC and CC was accelerated and evident in cPf/f78f/f livers at 8–9 months, coinciding with intense GRP78 expression in the cancer lesions, and GRP78 expression in adjacent normal areas reverted back to the WT level. In contrast, c78f/f livers showed no malignancy even at 14 months. These studies reveal GRP78 is a novel regulator for PTEN-loss mediated liver injury and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-T Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Pfaffenbach
- Department of Biology, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR, USA
| | - G Kanel
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jain M, Narula N, Salamoon B, Shevchuk MM, Aggarwal A, Altorki N, Stiles B, Boccara C, Mukherjee S. Full-field optical coherence tomography for the analysis of fresh unstained human lobectomy specimens. J Pathol Inform 2013; 4:26. [PMID: 24244883 PMCID: PMC3814996 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) is a real-time imaging technique that generates high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic images from unprocessed and unstained tissues. Lack of tissue processing and associated artifacts, along with the ability to generate large-field images quickly, warrants its exploration as an alternative diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods: One section each from the tumor and from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was collected from 13 human lobectomy specimens. They were imaged fresh with FFOCT and then submitted for routine histopathology. Two blinded pathologists independently rendered diagnoses based on FFOCT images. Results: Normal lung architecture (alveoli, bronchi, pleura and blood vessels) was readily identified with FFOCT. Using FFOCT images alone, the study pathologists were able to correctly identify all tumor specimens and in many cases, the histological subtype of tumor (e.g., adenocarcinomas with various patterns). However, benign diagnosis was provided with high confidence in roughly half the tumor-free specimens (others were diagnosed as equivocal or false positive). Further analysis of these images revealed two major confounding features: (a) Extensive lung collapse and (b) presence of smoker's macrophages. On a closer inspection, however, the smoker's macrophages could often be identified as distinct from tumor cells based on their relative location in the alveoli, size and presence of anthracosis. We posit that greater pathologist experience, complemented with morphometric analysis and color-coding of image components, may help minimize the contribution of these confounders in the future. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for the potential utility of FFOCT in identifying and differentiating lung tumors from non-neoplastic lung tissue. We foresee its potential as an adjunct to intra-surgical frozen section analysis for margin assessment, especially in limited lung resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Jain
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA ; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
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68
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Veerappan A, O'Connor NJ, Brazin J, Reid AC, Jung A, McGee D, Summers B, Branch-Elliman D, Stiles B, Worgall S, Kaner RJ, Silver RB. Mast cells: a pivotal role in pulmonary fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:206-18. [PMID: 23570576 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an inflammatory response that includes macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether mast cells play a role in initiating pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced with bleomycin in mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W(v) (MCD) mice and their congenic controls (WBB6F1-(+)/(+)). Mast cell deficiency protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but protection was reversed with the re-introduction of mast cells to the lungs of MCD mice. Two mast cell mediators were identified as fibrogenic: histamine and renin, via angiotensin (ANG II). Both human and rat lung fibroblasts express the histamine H1 and ANG II AT1 receptor subtypes and when activated, they promote proliferation, transforming growth factor β1 secretion, and collagen synthesis. Mast cells appear to be critical to pulmonary fibrosis. Therapeutic blockade of mast cell degranulation and/or histamine and ANG II receptors should attenuate pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Veerappan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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69
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Stock C, Chiu YL, Kansler A, Port J, Lee P, Stiles B, Nasar A, Sedrakyan A, Altorki N, Paul S. Management and Outcomes of Patients on Preoperative Plavix (Clopidogrel) Undergoing General Thoracic Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 61:489-95. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Stock
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ya-lin Chiu
- Department of Public Health, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Amanda Kansler
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jeffrey Port
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Paul Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Brendon Stiles
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Abu Nasar
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Art Sedrakyan
- Department of Public Health, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Nasser Altorki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Subroto Paul
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
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Gao D, Joshi N, Choi H, Ryu S, Hahn M, Catena R, Sadik H, Argani P, Wagner P, Vahdat LT, Port JL, Stiles B, Sukumar S, Altorki NK, Rafii S, Mittal V. Myeloid progenitor cells in the premetastatic lung promote metastases by inducing mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1384-94. [PMID: 22282653 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors systemically initiate metastatic niches in distant target metastatic organs. These niches, composed of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells, provide permissive conditions for future metastases. However, the mechanisms by which these cells mediate outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells are not completely known. Using mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer, we show enhanced recruitment of bone marrow-derived CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid progenitor cells in the premetastatic lungs. Gene expression profiling revealed that the myeloid cells from metastatic lungs express versican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan. Notably, versican in metastatic lungs was mainly contributed by the CD11b(+)Ly6C(high) monocytic fraction of the myeloid cells and not the tumor cells or other stromal cells. Versican knockdown in the bone marrow significantly impaired lung metastases in vivo, without impacting their recruitment to the lungs or altering the immune microenvironment. Versican stimulated mesenchymal to epithelial transition of metastatic tumor cells by attenuating phospho-Smad2 levels, which resulted in elevated cell proliferation and accelerated metastases. Analysis of clinical specimens showed elevated versican expression within the metastatic lung of patients with breast cancer. Together, our findings suggest that selectively targeting tumor-elicited myeloid cells or versican represents a potential therapeutic strategy for combating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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71
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Abstract
A plaque-purified isolate of the baculovirus HZ-1 was used to examine the kinetics of replication of this persistent, nonoccluded virus in TN-368 cells. Twenty-eight virus structural proteins ranging in molecular weight from 153,000 to 14,000 were identified. Fourteen of these proteins were found to be glycosylated. The sequence of appearance of the 37 virus-induced intracellular polypeptides was determined by pulse-labeling with [(35)S]methionine. N-[(3)H]acetylglucosamine, [(3)H]mannose, and the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin were used to detect virus structural glycoproteins. Post-transcriptional modification of two virus-induced proteins was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Burand
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
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72
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Larkin E, Carman R, Krakauer T, Stiles B. Staphylococcus aureus: The Toxic Presence of a Pathogen Extraordinaire. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:4003-19. [DOI: 10.2174/092986709789352321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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74
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Abstract
Pulse labeling with tritiated mannose was used to follow the time course of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) glycoprotein synthesis in Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-21 cells. Nine viral-induced intracellular glycoproteins were first detected from as early as 2 hr postinoculation (67K, early phase) to as late as 14 hr (36K and 19K glycoproteins, intermediate phase). Glycosylation of these proteins was observed to continue to the end of the experiment (28 hr postinoculation). Seven of these intracellular glycoproteins could also be detected in infected Trichoplusia ni TN-368 cells 24 hr postinoculation. When the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin was present (from 0 hr postinoculation) there was no detectable glycosylation of any of these viral-induced glycoproteins. Metabolic labeling of the nonoccluded virus budded from IPLB-21 and TN-368 with tritiated mannose or N-acetylglucosamine identified 11 structural glycoproteins, 8 of which were identical in both virus preparations. All of these structural glycoproteins were sensitive to the inhibitory action of tunicamycin. A single 42K structural glycoprotein was detected (with acetylglucosamine only) in the occluded form of AcNPV. Glycosylation of this structural protein appeared to be insensitive to tunicamycin. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination was used to determine which of the virus structural glycoproteins are exposed on the virion surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stiles
- Boyce Thompson Institute at Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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75
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of resident work hour restrictions has challenged us to train residents within a shorter working week, while ensuring continuity of patient care. We instituted morning report (MR) at the University of Virginia primarily as a means to accomplish these objectives. Serendipitously MR has become an integral educational tool for the surgical residents. The rationale for the format and instructional design are discussed in the context of learning theory. METHODS The chief residents as primary stakeholders were strongly encouraged to play a leadership role in designing MR. A faculty- led didactic format was rejected because of the importance of focusing on resident team building, and leadership, but poor faculty participation was also an issue. RESULTS The initial obstacles included timing, and designing the format. CONCLUSIONS MR is an opportunity for residents to exercise and improve their knowledge, leadership, presentation and problem-solving skills. We would hypothesise that the advantages for teaching are many and include that residents are prepared for actual clinical problems in a supportive environment with opportunities for immediate feedback and assessment. Reports of educational effectiveness of MR are mostly anecdotal and further studies are needed to characterise the types of learning and teaching that occur during MR and to document educational effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sanfey
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
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76
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile and Clostridium spiroforme have only in recent years been recognized as intestinal pathogens. They both produce toxins that are also produced by other clostridia. C. difficile toxins A and B are produced by C. sordellii and a few strains of C. perfringens whereas C. spiroforme produces the same toxins as C. perfringens Type E (iota toxin). Iota toxin activity may be the product of two proteins. Toxigenic strains of C. spiroforme and Type E produce two antigens which possess much more biological activity when administered together than when given alone. C. difficile was thought for some time to produce only a single toxin, but then the enterotoxic activity was shown to be due to a separate toxin (toxin A). This toxin increases the oral toxicity of toxin B (the main cytotoxin) and may increase the permeability of the colon. Toxin A binds to a specific receptor in hamster brush border membranes and in the membranes of rabbit erythrocytes. This receptor appears to be a glycoprotein. The receptor can be extracted from the membrane with Triton and binds to immobilized toxin A. The receptor can be extracted and used to coat plastic plates as a first phase in an ELISA assay. Another assay has been developed in which the toxin A binds to the red cells and then the erythrocytes are agglutinated with antitoxin. An even more sensitive assay consists of using rabbit erythrocyte ghosts to bind the toxin and then precipitating the ghosts with antibody to toxin A attached to latex beads. Monoclonal antibodies to toxin A also have been developed and are used in these and other assays.
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77
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Stofan ER, Elachi C, Lunine JI, Lorenz RD, Stiles B, Mitchell KL, Ostro S, Soderblom L, Wood C, Zebker H, Wall S, Janssen M, Kirk R, Lopes R, Paganelli F, Radebaugh J, Wye L, Anderson Y, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson WTK, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Paillou P, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Vetrella S, West R. The lakes of Titan. Nature 2007; 445:61-4. [PMID: 17203056 DOI: 10.1038/nature05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface of Saturn's haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70 degrees north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan's surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface 'liquid methane' table.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Stofan
- Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia 20140, USA.
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78
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Elachi C, Wall S, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, West R. Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by. Nature 2006; 441:709-13. [PMID: 16760968 DOI: 10.1038/nature04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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79
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Stiles B, Adusumilli P, Stanziale S, Eisenberg D, Bhargava A, Kim T, Chan MK, Huq R, Gonen M, Fong Y. Estrogen enhances the efficacy of an oncolytic HSV-1 mutant in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.28.6.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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80
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Lorenz RD, Wall S, Radebaugh J, Boubin G, Reffet E, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Elachi C, Lunine J, Mitchell K, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Ori GG, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, Flamini E, West R. The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes. Science 2006; 312:724-7. [PMID: 16675695 DOI: 10.1126/science.1123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show approximately 100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of approximately 0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lorenz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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81
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Elachi C, Wall S, Allison M, Anderson Y, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Franceschetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Janssen M, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Kirk R, Lopes R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Muhleman D, Ostro S, Paganelli F, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Soderblom L, Stiles B, Stofan E, Vetrella S, West R, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H. Cassini Radar Views the Surface of Titan. Science 2005; 308:970-4. [PMID: 15890871 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper imaged about 1% of Titan's surface at a resolution of approximately 0.5 kilometer, and larger areas of the globe in lower resolution modes. The images reveal a complex surface, with areas of low relief and a variety of geologic features suggestive of dome-like volcanic constructs, flows, and sinuous channels. The surface appears to be young, with few impact craters. Scattering and dielectric properties are consistent with porous ice or organics. Dark patches in the radar images show high brightness temperatures and high emissivity and are consistent with frozen hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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82
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Sundaresan G, Paulmurugan R, Berger F, Stiles B, Nagayama Y, Wu H, Gambhir SS. MicroPET imaging of Cre-loxP-mediated conditional activation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene. Gene Ther 2004; 11:609-18. [PMID: 14724687 PMCID: PMC4141556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific recombination tools such as the Cre-loxP system are used to create animal models where conditional gene deletion/activation studies are required. In the current proof of principle study, we have demonstrated that a PET reporter gene (PRG), the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), can be made to remain silent and can be activated by Cre-loxP-mediated recombination in cell culture and in living mice. An adenovirus carrying a silent HSV1-tk was tail-vein injected (1 x 10(9) PFU) in six transgenic mice that express Cre recombinase in their liver (Cre+) and in four control mice (Cre-). The liver-specific expression of the PRG in Cre+ mice was detected in the microPET following injection of the reporter probe, 9-[4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine ([(18)F]-FHBG). The [(18)F]-FHBG accumulation in the liver in terms of percent-injected dose per gram of tissue was 7.72+/-1.13 for the Cre+ mice and 0.10+/-0.02 for the Cre- mice (P<0.05) 48 h after adenoviral injection. These results were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and by in vitro assays for herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase enzyme activity. Thus by using the Cre-loxP system it is possible to modulate a PRG and noninvasively monitor the extent of Cre-loxP-mediated gene activation by imaging in a microPET scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sundaresan
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Paulmurugan
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Berger
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Stiles
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Nagayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - SS Gambhir
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford, CA, USA
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Neshat MS, Mellinghoff IK, Tran C, Stiles B, Thomas G, Petersen R, Frost P, Gibbons JJ, Wu H, Sawyers CL. Enhanced sensitivity of PTEN-deficient tumors to inhibition of FRAP/mTOR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10314-9. [PMID: 11504908 PMCID: PMC56958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171076798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence places the FRAP/mTOR kinase downstream of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway, which is up-regulated in multiple cancers because of loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We performed biological and biochemical studies to determine whether PTEN-deficient cancer cells are sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of FRAP/mTOR by using the rapamycin derivative CCI-779. In vitro and in vivo studies of isogenic PTEN(+/+) and PTEN(-/-) mouse cells as well as human cancer cells with defined PTEN status showed that the growth of PTEN null cells was blocked preferentially by pharmacologic FRAP/mTOR inhibition. Enhanced tumor growth caused by constitutive activation of Akt in PTEN(+/+) cells also was reversed by CCI-779 treatment, indicating that FRAP/mTOR functions downstream of Akt in tumorigenesis. Loss of PTEN correlated with increased S6 kinase activity and phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein, providing evidence for activation of the FRAP/mTOR pathway in these cells. Differential sensitivity to CCI-779 was not explained by differences in biochemical blockade of the FRAP/mTOR pathway, because S6 phosphorylation was inhibited in sensitive and resistant cell lines. These results provide rationale for testing FRAP/mTOR inhibitors in PTEN null human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Neshat
- Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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84
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Goodman CL, McIntosh AH, El Sayed GN, Grasela JJ, Stiles B. Production of selected baculoviruses in newly established lepidopteran cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:374-9. [PMID: 11515971 DOI: 10.1007/bf02577574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One key to the in vitro mass production of baculoviruses is the development of insect cell lines capable of producing high levels of extracellular virus (ECV) and/or occlusion bodies (OBs). For this study, 34 newly established cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were screened for their ability to produce ECV and OBs from a variety of baculoviruses. The selected baculoviruses included: the alfalfa looper virus (AcMNPV); the celery looper virus (AfMNPV); the velvetbean caterpillar virus (AgMNPV), the bollworm virus (HzSNPV), the diamondback moth virus (PxMNPV), and the beet armyworm virus (SeMNPV). ECV titers were determined using TCID50 assays (50% tissue culture infectivity dose), with the presence or absence of OBs being noted. For AcMNPV, 28 new cell lines were tested, with eight producing AcMNPV ECV titers of 1.1-47.3 x 10(6) TCID50/ml and 11 producing OBs. For AgMNPV, six new cell lines were tested, with all producing AgMNPV ECV titers of 3.5-62.3 x 10(6) TCID50/ml and generating OBs. For HzSNPV, four new cell lines were tested with three lines producing HzSNPV ECV titers of 1.4-5.0 x 10(6) TCID50/ml, but none generating OBs. For PxMNPV, 10 new cell lines were tested with seven generating PxMNPV ECV titers of 4.7-232.6 x 10(6) TCID50/ml and eight producing OBs. Lastly, using qualitative or semiquantitative methods, homologous cell lines were tested for AfMNPV and SeMNPV production, all of which produced OBs. Overall, many of the cell lines tested were found to produce OBs and generate moderate to high levels of ECVs of one or more baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Goodman
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535, USA.
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Goodman CL, El Sayed GN, McIntosh AH, Grasela JJ, Stiles B. Establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:367-73. [PMID: 11515970 DOI: 10.1007/bf02577573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. A total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Tissues used for cell line establishment included fat bodies, ovaries, testes, or whole embryos/larvae/pupae. All the cell lines were subcultured numerous times, characterized by isoenzyme analysis and/or deoxyribonucleic acid amplification fingerprinting using polymerase chain reaction, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Many of the cell lines were adapted to grow in serum-free medium, with cell lines from A. ipsilon and H. virescens being adapted to suspension culture using shaker flasks. The potential use for these cell lines in baculovirus production is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Goodman
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535, USA.
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Abstract
We developed PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays to detect Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B genes. The assays use internal biotin-labelled oligonucleotides as capture probes for immobilizing and subsequently detecting target sequences on microtiter plates. The detection limits of the PCR-ELISAs were approximately 250 gene copies, versus 2500 gene copies by agarose gel analysis. The sensitivity of the assays, as determined from a reference panel of 46 coded samples that included DNA purified from 31 different bacterial species and strains, SEA and SEB plasmid controls, and no-template controls was 100%. No cross-reactivity was observed with DNA from non-staphylococcal species. Using 27 clinical isolates of S. aureus, the SEA PCR-ELISA identified the enterotoxin A (sea) gene in 26 samples, and the SEB PCR-ELISA identified the enterotoxin B (seb) gene in all 27 samples. Compared with conventional antigen capture ELISAs for SEA and SEB toxins, the PCR-ELISAs showed overall superior detection limits. The sensitivity and specificity levels of the SEA PCR-ELISA and the SEA toxin ELISA were comparable within their respective detection thresholds, but the sensitivity and specificity of the SEB PCR-ELISA was much greater than that of SEB toxin ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gilligan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
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León G, Stiles B, Alape A, Rojas G, Gutiérrez JM. Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61:266-71. [PMID: 10463678 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study was performed on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic activities of Micrurus nigrocinctus venom. Both antivenoms were adjusted to a similar neutralizing potency in experiments where venom and antivenoms were preincubated prior to injection. No significant differences were observed between IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms concerning neutralization of lethal effect in rescue experiments, i.e., when antivenom was administered intravenously after envenomation. However, F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after venom injection. Both products partially reversed the binding of M. nigrocinctus alpha-neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor in vitro. The IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms effectively neutralized venom-induced myotoxicity when administered intravenously immediately after envenomation, although neutralization was poor if antivenom injections were delayed. Intramuscular injection of venom promoted diffusion of antivenom antibodies throughout muscle tissue, and F(ab')2 diffused to a higher extent than IgG molecules. Thus, despite the observation that F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective than IgG antivenom in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after envenomation, no major differences were observed in antivenom neutralization of lethal and myotoxic effects or in their capacity to reverse neurotoxin binding to the acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stiles
- American Cyanamid Agricultural Research Division, 14310 Catalina Street, San Leandro, California, 94577, USA
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Alape-Girón A, Stiles B, Schmidt J, Girón-Cortes M, Thelestam M, Jörnvall H, Bergman T. Characterization of multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-binding proteins and phospholipases A2 from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus. FEBS Lett 1996; 380:29-32. [PMID: 8603741 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The presence of multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR)-binding proteins and phospholipases A2 was detected in the venom of a member of the Elapinae subfamily, Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus. Multi-step chromatographies were used to isolate four AchR-binding proteins (Mnn-9, Mnn-4, Mnn-3C and Mnn-1A) and five basic PLA2s (nigroxins A, B, C1, C2 and C3). The Micrurus AchR-binding proteins are antigenically and structurally related to short- and long-chain alpha-neurotoxins from Naja. The nigroxins are antigenically similar and constitute a new antigenic subclass of PLA(2)s. Nigroxins A and B are class I PLA(2)s, structurally more related to enzymes from Bungarinae than to those from Hydrophinae/Laticaudinae. These data contribute to clarify the relationships between Micrurus venom proteins and other elapid toxins and may be useful to improve the neutralizing efficiency of antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alape-Girón
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Stiles B. How much is your sales staff costing you? Hosp Gift Shop Manage 1989; 7:12-5, 19, 21-2. [PMID: 10292808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Stiles B, Kierszenbaum F. Does concanavalin A treatment of host cells enhance or inhibit their association with Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes? J Parasitol 1986; 72:540-4. [PMID: 3537257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) has frequently been used as a probe of cell surface molecules that mediate cell-cell interactions. There have been conflicting reports that Con A treatment of vertebrate host cells can subsequently increase or reduce the level of association (surface attachment and penetration) of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes with these cells. In this work, we have established that the type of effect produced by treatment of host cells with Con A depended on whether or not fetal bovine serum was present during the interaction of trypomastigotes and host cells; Con A treatment reduced host cell association with T. cruzi in the presence of the serum, but increased it when the serum was absent. In addition, ovalbumin, a glycoprotein with a high mannose content and the ability to specifically bind to Con A, was found capable of altering the effect of Con A treatment of host cells on parasite association levels in a manner similar to fetal bovine serum. These results suggested that glycoproteins present in the serum can modulate the effect of Con A, possibly by blocking free sites remaining on the Con A molecules which had bound to the surface of host cells. If free binding sites on the Con A molecule remained unblocked, they could conceivably form bridges between host cells and parasites resulting in an artifactual enhancement of their level of association in serum-free medium.
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Stiles B, Kierszenbaum F. An improved procedure for the purification of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) metacyclics from the insect vector. J Protozool 1986; 33:132-4. [PMID: 3514902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an improved procedure for isolating and purifying the metacyclic trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi from infected Triatoma infestans. The procedure was simple, did not require time-consuming removal of the insect gut, and gave a good recovery of metacyclics. Purification involved centrifugal flotation of the parasites in Percoll followed by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. The resulting purified metacyclics exhibited no loss of infectivity when assayed in mice as compared to metacyclics taken directly from the insects.
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Abstract
Membrane fragments from trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi inhibited the association of intact trypomastigotes with rat heart myoblasts whereas a similar preparation from non-invasive epimastigotes did not. Furthermore, killed trypomastigotes bound to the host cell surface and prevented the attachment of living organisms. Conversely, the extent of association of killed parasites with the host cells was reduced by the presence of living flagellates. These results suggest the presence of a distinct structure(s) on the surface of rat heart myoblasts to which infective forms of T. cruzi can bind.
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Plante D, Stiles B. Expanding the nurse's role through formal assessment of the neonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984; 13:25-9. [PMID: 6560046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1984.tb01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At Medical Center Hospital of Vermont a program was designed and implemented to expand the nurse's role through formal assessment and documentation of the neonate. Assessment criteria from NAACOG's Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing Functions and Standards were used to develop new Newborn Nursery Standards. The staff prepared for the expanded role through inservice programs that were videotaped for future orientation of new staff members. Over one year after implementation of the new standards, the nursing staff is functioning easily in its expanded role.
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Stiles B, Power GG. Changes in permeability of fetal guinea pig skin during gestation. J Dev Physiol 1983; 5:405-11. [PMID: 6655230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Permeability of fetal skin to tritiated water was measured in vitro using samples taken from the back and flanks of 21 guinea pig fetuses whose gestational age ranged from 30 to 67 days (term = 68 days). From 30 to 45 days, fetal skin was relatively permeable to water, with a permeability coefficient for unidirectional, diffusional transfer of labelled water that averaged 0.372 +/- 0.041 (SEM) X 10(-4) cm/s. Then during a 5-10 day interval, the measured permeability coefficient decreased abruptly to very low and barely detectable levels. These changes took place at the time during gestation when others have shown the skin becomes keratinized and growth of new hair follicles is completed. Thus these findings are consistent with a relatively free exchange of water between amniotic fluid and fetal interstitium across the skin during the first two-thirds of gestation and then with further maturation an abrupt functional separation between these fluid compartments during the last third of gestation.
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Abstract
Characterization of the proteins and nucleic acid of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated in Ithaca, N.Y. (LdNPV-IT) is presented. A total of 29 viral structural proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when the virus was isolated in the absence of alkaline protease activity. Fourteen surface envelope viral proteins were identified by lactoperoxidase iodination. Eleven proteins were associated with nucleocapsids prepared by Nonidet P-40 detergent treatment. Distinct alterations of viral proteins were documented when virions were purified in the presence of occlusion body-associated alkaline protease(s). Restriction enzyme digests of viral DNA indicated that this isolate was composed of a large number of genetic variants. On the basis of the major molar fragments resulting from
Eco
RI,
Bam
HI,
Bgl
II, and
Hin
dIII digests, the molecular weight of the LdNPV genome was approximately 88 � 10
6
.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stiles
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Stiles B, Dunn PE, Paschke JD. Histopathology of a nuclear polyhedrosis infection in Aedes epactius with observations in four additional mosquito species. J Invertebr Pathol 1983; 41:191-202. [PMID: 6132948 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(83)90219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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