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Donner E, Scheckel K, Sekine R, Popelka-Filcoff RS, Bennett JW, Brunetti G, Naidu R, McGrath SP, Lombi E. Non-labile silver species in biosolids remain stable throughout 50 years of weathering and ageing. Environ Pollut 2015; 205:78-86. [PMID: 26021819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing commercial use of nanosilver has focussed attention on the fate of silver (Ag) in the wastewater release pathway. This paper reports the speciation and lability of Ag in archived, stockpiled, and contemporary biosolids from the UK, USA and Australia, and indicates that biosolids Ag concentrations have decreased significantly over recent decades. XANES revealed the importance of reduced-sulfur binding environments for Ag speciation in materials ranging from freshly produced sludge to biosolids weathered under ambient environmental conditions for more than 50 years. Isotopic dilution with (110 m)Ag showed that Ag was predominantly non-labile in both fresh and aged biosolids (13.7% mean lability), with E-values ranging from 0.3 to 60 mg/kg and 5 mM CaNO3 extractable Ag from 1.2 to 609 μg/kg (0.002-3.4% of the total Ag). This study indicates that at the time of soil application, biosolids Ag will be predominantly Ag-sulfides and characterised by low isotopic lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Donner
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia; CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, South Australia 5106, Australia.
| | - K Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Sekine
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - R S Popelka-Filcoff
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - J W Bennett
- Neutron Activation Group, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - G Brunetti
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - R Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia; CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, South Australia 5106, Australia
| | - S P McGrath
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia; CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, South Australia 5106, Australia
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Paulraj F, Abas F, Lajis NH, Othman I, Hassan SS, Naidu R. The Curcumin Analogue 1,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one Induces Apoptosis and Downregulates E6 and E7 Oncogene Expression in HPV16 and HPV18-Infected Cervical Cancer Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:11830-60. [PMID: 26132907 PMCID: PMC6331910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to study curcumin analogues as an alternative to improve the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, we screened the cytotoxic potential of four diarylpentanoids using the HeLa and CaSki cervical cancer cell lines. Determination of their EC50 values indicated relatively higher potency of 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (MS17, 1.03 ± 0.5 μM; 2.6 ± 0.9 μM) and 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (MS13, 2.8 ± 0.4; 6.7 ± 2.4 μM) in CaSki and HeLa, respectively, with significantly greater growth inhibition at 48 and 72 h of treatment compared to the other analogues or curcumin. Based on cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity, MS17 was selected for comprehensive apoptotic studies. At 24 h of treatment, fluorescence microscopy detected that MS17-exposed cells exhibited significant morphological changes consistent with apoptosis, corroborated by an increase in nucleosomal enrichment due to DNA fragmentation in HeLa and CaSki cells and activation of caspase-3 activity in CaSki cells. Quantitative real-time PCR also detected significant down-regulation of HPV18- and HPV16-associated E6 and E7 oncogene expression following treatment. The overall data suggests that MS17 treatment has cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, its role in down-regulation of HPV-associated oncogenes responsible for cancer progression merits further investigation into its chemotherapeutic role for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Paulraj
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Naidu R, Wong MH, Nathanail P. Bioavailability--the underlying basis for risk-based land management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:8775-8778. [PMID: 25877898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,
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Naidu R, Sankar A, Shaila MS, Shivananda I, Desai R. Diagnostic Disparity in Solitary Cysticercosis of the Forearm in a Child. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:160-162. [PMID: 26744203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solitary cysticercosis of muscle is a rare disease causing diagnostic dilemma. Cysticercosis commonly affects the central nervous system and other tissues by dissemination imposing a serious health problem. We report this rare presentation of solitary cysticercosis of flexor digitorum superficialis in a five year old otherwise healthy child. The fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological diagnosis were inconclusive but ultrasonography of the muscle clinched the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hulbi, Karnataka, India
| | - A Sankar
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hulbi, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Shaila
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hulbi, Karnataka, India
| | - I Shivananda
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hulbi, Karnataka, India
| | - R Desai
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Science, Hulbi, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Background An epidemiological rise of allergic diseases in developing countries raises new challenges. Currently a paucity of data exists describing allergy symptomology and sensitization to common food and aeroallergens in young children from developing countries. Objective To compare changes in symptomology, food allergen sensitization and aeroallergen sensitization in a cross-sectional study of children <2 years and 2-10 years. Methods A total of 192 allergic children (aged <2 years, 35 children; aged 2-10 years, 157 children) underwent specific IgE (>0.35 kU/L) to common food (egg white, cow's milk, cod fish, wheat, peanut, soya, peanut, and shrimp) and house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis). Results In children <2 years, atopic dermatitis (65.7%) was the most common symptom whereas in children 2-10 years it was rhinoconjunctivitis (74.5%). Higher sensitization rate to eggs (p < 0.01) and cow's milk (p = 0.044) was seen in <2 years group when compared to the 2-10 years group, but no significant differences for shrimp (p = 0.29), wheat (p = 0.23) and soya (p = 0.057). Interestingly, sensitization to peanut (p = 0.012) and fish (p = 0.035) was significantly decreased in the 2-10 years group. Sensitization to house dust mites (p < 0.01) dramatically increased in the older children. Conclusion Our study supports concept of atopic march from a developing country like Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Aghakhanian F, Yunus Y, Naidu R, Jinam T, Manica A, Hoh BP, Phipps ME. Unravelling the genetic history of Negritos and indigenous populations of Southeast Asia. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1206-15. [PMID: 25877615 PMCID: PMC4453060 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous populations of Malaysia known as Orang Asli (OA) show huge morphological, anthropological, and linguistic diversity. However, the genetic history of these populations remained obscure. We performed a high-density array genotyping using over 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in three major groups of Negrito, Senoi, and Proto-Malay. Structural analyses indicated that although all OA groups are genetically closest to East Asian (EA) populations, they are substantially distinct. We identified a genetic affinity between Andamanese and Malaysian Negritos which may suggest an ancient link between these two groups. We also showed that Senoi and Proto-Malay may be admixtures between Negrito and EA populations. Formal admixture tests provided evidence of gene flow between Austro-Asiatic-speaking OAs and populations from Southeast Asia (SEA) and South China which suggest a widespread presence of these people in SEA before Austronesian expansion. Elevated linkage disequilibrium (LD) and enriched homozygosity found in OAs reflect isolation and bottlenecks experienced. Estimates based on Ne and LD indicated that these populations diverged from East Asians during the late Pleistocene (14.5 to 8 KYA). The continuum in divergence time from Negritos to Senoi and Proto-Malay in combination with ancestral markers provides evidences of multiple waves of migration into SEA starting with the first Out-of-Africa dispersals followed by Early Train and subsequent Austronesian expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Aghakhanian
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Malaysia), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yushima Yunus
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Malaysia), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Jinam
- Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Andrea Manica
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Boon Peng Hoh
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maude E Phipps
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Malaysia), Selangor, Malaysia
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Citalingam K, Abas F, Lajis NH, Othman I, Naidu R. Anti-proliferative effect and induction of apoptosis in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells by 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one. Molecules 2015; 20:3406-30. [PMID: 25690296 PMCID: PMC6272399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has poor in vivo absorption and bioavailability, highlighting a need for new curcumin analogues with better characteristics in these aspects. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-cancer properties of four selected curcumin analogues, on the cytotoxicity, proliferative and apoptotic effects on androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU 145). Initial cytotoxicity screening showed MS17 has the highest cell inhibitory effect, with EC50 values of 4.4 ± 0.3 and 4.1 ± 0.8 µM, followed by MS13 (7.5 ± 0.1 and 7.4 ± 2.6 µM), MS49 (14.5 ± 1.2 and 12.3 ± 2.3 µM) and MS40E (28.0 ± 7.8 and 30.3 ± 1.9 µM) for PC-3 and DU 145 cells, respectively. Time-dependent analysis also revealed that MS13 and MS17 displayed a greater anti-proliferative effect than the other compounds. MS17 was chosen based on the high selectivity index value for further analysis on the morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed apoptotic changes in both treated prostate cancer cells. Relative caspase-3 activity increased significantly at 48 h in PC-3 and 12 h in DU 145 cells. Highest enrichment of free nucleosomes was noted at 48 h after treatment with MS17. In conclusion, MS17 demonstrated anti-proliferative effect and induces apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner suggesting its potential for development as an anti-cancer agent for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Citalingam
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Phipps ME, Chan KKL, Naidu R, Mohamad NW, Hoh BP, Quek KF, Ahmad B, Harnida SMI, Zain AZM, Kadir KA. Cardio-metabolic health risks in indigenous populations of Southeast Asia and the influence of urbanization. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:47. [PMID: 25636170 PMCID: PMC4314805 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background South East Asia (SEA) is home to over 30 tribes of indigenous population groups who are currently facing rapid socio-economic change. Epidemiological transition and increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) has occured. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Orang Asli (OA) indigenous people comprise 0 · 6% (150,000) of the population and live in various settlements. OA comprise three distinct large tribes with smaller sub-tribes. The three large tribes include Proto-Malay (sub-tribes: Orang Seletar and Jakun), Senoi (sub-tribes: Mahmeri and Semai), and Negrito (sub-tribes: Jehai, Mendriq and Batek). Methods We studied the health of 636 OA from seven sub-tribes in the Peninsular. Parameters that were assessed included height, weight, BMI and waist circumference whilst blood pressure, cholesterols, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were recorded. We then analysed cardio-metabolic risk factor prevalences and performed multiple pair-wise comparisons among different sub-tribes and socio-economic clusters. Results Cardio-metabolic risk factors were recorded in the seven sub-tribes.. Prevalence for general and abdominal obesity were highest in the urbanized Orang Seletar (31 · 6 ± 5 · 7%; 66 · 1 ± 5 · 9%). Notably, hunter gatherer Jehai and Batek tribes displayed the highest prevalence for hypertension (43 · 8 ± 9 · 29% and 51 · 2 ± 15 · 3%) despite being the leanest and most remote, while the Mendriq sub-tribe, living in the same jungle area with access to similar resources as the Batek were less hypertensive (16.3 ± 11.0%), but displayed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (27.30 ± 13.16%). Conclusions We describe the cardio-metabolic risk factors of seven indigenous communities in Malaysia. We report variable prevalence of obesity, cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes in the OA in contrast to the larger ethnic majorities such as Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia These differences are likely to be due to socio-economic effects and lifestyle changes. In some sub-tribes, other factors including genetic predisposition may also play a role. It is expected that the cardio-metabolic risk factors may worsen with further urbanization, increase the health burden of these communities and strain the government’s resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude E Phipps
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia. .,Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Sunway, 46150, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kevin K L Chan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | | | - Boon-Peng Hoh
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, University Teknologi Mara, Mara, Malaysia.
| | - Kia-Fatt Quek
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Badariah Ahmad
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Siti M I Harnida
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Anuar Z M Zain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Khalid A Kadir
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Sunway, Sunway, Malaysia.
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Safonova M, Nair PK, Mellikov E, Aragon R, Kerm K, Naidu R, Mikli V, Volobujeva O. Thermal annealing of sequentially deposited SnS thin films. Proc Estonian Acad Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2015.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hee CS, Gun SC, Naidu R, Gupta E, Somnath SD, Radhakrishnan AK. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human interleukin-10 gene promoter between rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal subjects in Malaysia. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-007-0645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hee CS, Gun SC, Naidu R, Gupta E, Somnath SD, Radhakrishnan AK. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human interleukin-10 gene promoter between rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal subjects in Malaysia. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-007-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bolan NS, Kunhikrishnan A, Naidu R. Carbon storage in a heavy clay soil landfill site after biosolid application. Sci Total Environ 2013; 465:216-225. [PMID: 23380138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Applying organic amendments including biosolids and composts to agricultural land could increase carbon (C) storage in soils and contribute significantly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Although a number of studies have examined the potential value of biosolids as a soil conditioner and nutrient source, there has been only limited work on the impact of biosolid application on C sequestration in soils. The objective of this study was to examine the potential value of biosolids in C sequestration in soils. Two types of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of biosolid application on C sequestration. In the first laboratory incubation experiment, the rate of decomposition of a range of biosolid samples was compared with other organic amendments including composts and biochars. In the second field experiment, the effect of biosolids on the growth of two bioenergy crops, Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) on a landfill site was examined in relation to biomass production and C sequestration. The rate of decomposition varied amongst the organic amendments, and followed: composts>biosolids>biochar. There was a hundred fold difference in the rate of decomposition between biochar and other organic amendments. The rate of decomposition of biosolids decreased with increasing iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) contents of biosolids. Biosolid application increased the dry matter yield of both plant species (by 2-2.5 fold), thereby increasing the biomass C input to soils. The rate of net C sequestration resulting from biosolid application (Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) Mg(-1) biosolids) was higher for mustard (0.103) than sunflower (0.087). Biosolid application is likely to result in a higher level of C sequestration when compared to other management strategies including fertilizer application and conservation tillage, which is attributed to increased microbial biomass, and Fe and Al oxide-induced immobilization of C.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contaminants Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia.
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Yadav A, Naidu R. Cord IgE and ECP levels of Malay neonates. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:364-8. [PMID: 23276420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord IgE and ECP levels are major atopic markers implicated in early childhood allergy development. Most epidemiological studies to date have not utilised current technology to establish baseline cord IgE levels, further aggravated by lack of data in this region. This study also attempts to identify a relationship between cord IgE and ECP levels as a mean to improve sensitivity for early prediction of atopy. METHODS A total of 3183 cord blood IgE including 44 cord ECP samples of term neonates from Malay parentage were recruited. Total IgE and ECP levels were determined by ImmunoCAP and fluoroimmunoenzymatic, respectively. RESULTS Cord IgE geometric mean was 0.15 kU/L. Males had higher IgE geometric mean than females (0.17 vs. 0.13). IgE values between 17 pair of twins was not significant (p=0.169). Frequency of males (29.9%) in >0.9 kU/L IgE category was higher than females (26.1%). In the <0.35 kU/L category, females had a higher frequency (44.8%) than males (39.1%). Males had significantly (p=0.023) higher IgE level than females. November and February had the highest mean and median cord IgE level whereas October and December were the lowest, respectively. IgE level across months was not significant (p=0.234). Cord ECP mean was 5.21 g/L and median was 3.75 μg/L. There was no significant correlation (p=0.513; r=-0.101) between cord blood ECP and IgE levels. CONCLUSION Cord blood IgE level of Malay male neonates was significantly higher than females. These results do not support cord ECP as plausible adjunct parameter to IgE for early atopic detection.
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Naidu R, Juhasz A, Mallavarapu M, Smith E, Lombi E, Bolan NS, Wong M, Harmsen J. Chemical bioavailability in the terrestrial environment - recent advances. J Hazard Mater 2013; 261:685-686. [PMID: 24161245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 169, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment and Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, SA 5095, Australia
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Ho CC, Mun KS, Naidu R. SNP array technology: an array of hope in breast cancer research. Malays J Pathol 2013; 35:33-43. [PMID: 23817393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer in Malaysia is lower compared to international statistics, with peak occurrence in the age group between 50 to 59 years of age and mortality rates of 18.6%. Despite current diagnostic and prognostic methods, the outcome for individual subjects remain poor. This is in part due to breast cancers' wide genetic heterogeneity. Various platforms for genetics studies are now employed to determine the identity of these genetic abnormalities, including microarray methods like high density single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) oligonucleotide arrays which combine the power of chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (cCGH) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the offering of higher-resolution mappings. These platforms and their applications in highlighting the genomic alteration frameworks manifested in breast carcinoma will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ho
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Jabir RS, Naidu R, Annuar MABA, Ho GF, Munisamy M, Stanslas J. Pharmacogenetics of taxanes: impact of gene polymorphisms of drug transporters on pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1979-88. [PMID: 23215890 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug response and the emergence of adverse drug effects are the main causes of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Functional membrane drug transporters play important roles in altering pharmacokinetic profile, resistance to treatment, toxicity and patient survival. Pharmacogenetic studies of these transporters are expected to provide new approaches for optimizing therapy. Taxanes are approved for the treatment of various cancers. Circulating taxanes are taken up by SLCO1B3 into hepatocytes. The CYP450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C8 are responsible for the conversion of taxanes into their metabolites. Ultimately, ABCB1 and ABCC2 will dispose the metabolites into bile canaliculi. Polymorphisms of genes encoding for proteins involved in the transport and clearance of taxanes reduce excretion of the drugs, leading to development of toxicity in patients. This review addresses current knowledge on genetic variations of transporters affecting taxanes pharmacokinetics and toxicity, and provides insights into future direction for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafid Salim Jabir
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bolan NS, Thangarajan R, Seshadri B, Jena U, Das KC, Wang H, Naidu R. Landfills as a biorefinery to produce biomass and capture biogas. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:578-587. [PMID: 23069612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While landfilling provides a simple and economic means of waste disposal, it causes environmental impacts including leachate generation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With the introduction of gas recovery systems, landfills provide a potential source of methane (CH4) as a fuel source. Increasingly revegetation is practiced on traditionally managed landfill sites to mitigate environmental degradation, which also provides a source of biomass for energy production. Combustion of landfill gas for energy production contributes to GHG emission reduction mainly by preventing the release of CH4 into the atmosphere. Biomass from landfill sites can be converted to bioenergy through various processes including pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the role of landfills as a biorefinery site by focusing on the potential volumes of CH4 and biomass produced from landfills, the various methods of biomass energy conversion, and the opportunities and limitations of energy capture from landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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69
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Bissoon AK, Whaites E, Moze K, Naidu R. Evaluation of common operator errors in panoramic radiography in Trinidad and Tobago: a comparison of formally vs informally trained operators. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:733-738. [PMID: 23620972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the frequency of common operator errors seen on panoramic radiographs in dental private practices and in the dental hospital (taken by informally and formally trained operators, respectively) in Trinidad and Tobago. METHOD One thousand panoramic radiographs of patients over the age of 10 years were included in this study. These comprised 500 from the dental hospital and 500 from dental private practices. The radiographs were reviewed using standardized criteria to identify the most common operator errors. RESULTS There were only 21 (4.2%) error free radiographs in the dental private practice sample and 29 (5.80%) in the dental hospital sample. Frequencies of specific errors were significantly higher in the dental private practice sample in each category except for "Chin tipped too low" (Chi-square p < 0.05) CONCLUSION This study supports the need for the introduction of statutory guidelines with respect to the use of ionizing radiation in dentistry in Trinidad and Tobago and in particular, the implementation of formally assessed dedicated dental radiography training for all operators of dental X-ray equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Bissoon
- School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Megharaj M, Chen Z, Naidu R. The influence of biochar and black carbon on reduction and bioavailability of chromate in soils. J Environ Qual 2012; 41:1175-84. [PMID: 22751060 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms, Cr(III) is nontoxic and is strongly bound to soil particles, whereas Cr(VI) is more toxic and soluble and readily leaches into groundwater. The toxicity of Cr(VI) can be mitigated by reducing it to Cr(III) species. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic carbon sources on the reduction, microbial respiration, and phytoavailability of Cr(VI) in soils. Organic carbon sources, such as black carbon (BC) and biochar, were tested for their potential in reducing Cr(VI) in acidic and alkaline contaminated soils. An alkaline soil was selected to monitor the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in sunflower plant. Our results showed that using BC resulted in greater reduction of Cr(VI) in soils compared with biochar. This is attributed to the differences in dissolved organic carbon and functional groups that provide electrons for the reduction of Cr(VI). When increasing levels of Cr were added to soils, both microbial respiration and plant growth decreased. The application of BC was more effective than biochar in increasing the microbial population and in mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The net benefit of BC emerged as an increase in plant biomass and a decrease in Cr concentration in plant tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that BC is a potential reducing amendment in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in soil and plants.
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Donner E, Ryan CG, Howard DL, Zarcinas B, Scheckel KG, McGrath SP, de Jonge MD, Paterson D, Naidu R, Lombi E. A multi-technique investigation of copper and zinc distribution, speciation and potential bioavailability in biosolids. Environ Pollut 2012; 166:57-64. [PMID: 22475551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of biosolids in agriculture continues to be debated, largely in relation to their metal contents. Our knowledge regarding the speciation and bioavailability of biosolids metals is still far from complete. In this study, a multi-technique approach was used to investigate copper and zinc speciation and partitioning in one contemporary and two historical biosolids used extensively in previous research and field trials. Using wet chemistry and synchrotron spectroscopy techniques it was shown that copper/zinc speciation in the biosolids was largely equivalent despite the biosolids being derived from different countries over a 50 year period. Furthermore, copper speciation was consistently dominated by sorption to organic matter whereas Zn partitioned mainly to iron oxides. These data suggest that the results of historical field trials are still relevant for modern biosolids and that further risk assessment studies should concentrate particularly on Cu as this metal is associated with the mineralisable biosolids fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Donner
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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Yadav A, Govindasamy GK, Naidu R. Polymorphic variants of interleukin-13 R130Q, interleukin-4 T589C, interleukin-4RA I50V, and interleukin-4RA Q576R in allergic rhinitis: A pilot study. Allergy Rhinol (Providence) 2012; 3:e35-40. [PMID: 22852128 PMCID: PMC3404476 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2012.3.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of allergic rhinitis is considered to be caused by the complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-13/4/4RA pathway have previously been shown to be associated with atopic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between IL-13 R130Q, IL-4 T589C, IL4 receptor alpha (IL-4RA) I50V, or IL-4RA Q576R polymorphisms and risk of allergic rhinitis in a hospital-based Malaysian population. A case-control pilot study was undertaken and genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism on 54 allergic rhinitis patients and 45 healthy individuals. Polymorphism of IL-13 R130Q showed significant difference in genotype (p = 0.048) and allele (p = 0.002) frequencies in allergic rhinitis when compared with healthy controls. Individuals who were GA heterozygotes (adjusted odds ratio [OR(adj)] = 3.567; 95% CI, 1.211-10.509), and carriers of A allele genotype (OR(adj) = 3.686; 95% CI, 1.300-10.451) and A allele (OR(adj) = 3.071; 95% CI, 1.514-6.232) had an elevated risk of developing allergic rhinitis. The genotype and allele frequencies of IL-4 T589C, IL-4RA I50V, and IL-4RA Q576R polymorphisms were not significantly different between the allergic rhinitis patients and normal healthy individuals and did not show an associated risk with allergic rhinitis. Our findings indicate that polymorphic variant of IL-13 R130Q appears to be associated with increased risk for development of allergic rhinitis in a hospital-based Malaysian population but not IL-4 T589C, IL-4RA I50V, and IL-4RA Q576 polymorphisms. Additional studies using larger sample size are required to confirm our findings and its exact role in allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Yadav
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, and University Malaya Medical Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and
| | - Gopala Krishnan Govindasamy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, and University Malaya Medical Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Zhou YF, Haynes RJ, Naidu R. Use of inorganic and organic wastes for in situ immobilisation of Pb and Zn in a contaminated alkaline soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:1260-70. [PMID: 22081371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine whether addition of immobilising agents to a sandy, alkaline (pH = 8.1) soil, which had been contaminated with Pb and Zn by airborne particles from a Pb/Zn smelter, would substantially reduce metal bioavailability. METHODS The effectiveness of five waste materials (blast furnace (BF) slag, alum water treatment (WT) sludge, red mud, sugar mill mud and green waste compost) as metal immobilising agents was evaluated by incubating them with a contaminated soil for a period of 12 months at rates of 5% and 10% (w/w), after which, Rhodes grass was grown in the soils in a greenhouse study. RESULTS Additions of WT sludge, BF slag and red mud reduced CaCl(2), CH(3)COOH, HCl and EDTA-extractable Zn but compost and mill mud had no appreciable immobilising effects. Additions of all amendments reduced levels of CaCl(2), CH(3)COOH and HCl-extractable Pb although concentrations of EDTA-extractable Pb remained unchanged. A sequential extraction procedure showed that additions of mill mud and compost increased the percentage of total Pb and Zn present in the oxidisable fraction whilst additions of the other materials increased the percentage present in the residual fraction. Rhodes grass yields were promoted greatly by additions of red mud, compost and particularly mill mud, and yields were negatively correlated with tissue Pb concentrations and extractable Pb. CONCLUSIONS Red mud was the most effective material for lowering extractable Pb and Zn levels simultaneously while mill mud and compost were notably effective for Pb. A field evaluation in the study area is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Zhou
- School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences/CRC CARE, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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74
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Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NAM. Polymorphic variant Ser128Arg of E-Selectin is associated with breast cancer risk and high grade tumors. Onkologie 2011; 34:592-597. [PMID: 22104155 DOI: 10.1159/000334060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the E-Selectin Ser128Arg polymorphism and breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotypes of 387 breast cancer patients and 252 healthy women who had no history of any malignancy were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a hospital-based Malaysian population. RESULTS The frequency of the Arg allele was significantly (p = 0.030) higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals. Women who were Ser/Arg heterozygotes (adjusted odds ratio (OR(adj)) = 1.607; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.008-2.564), and carriers of the Arg allele genotype (OR(adj) = 1.587; 95% CI = 1.037-2.430) or Arg allele (OR(adj) = 1.509; 95% CI = 1.040-2.189) showed a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Patients who were carriers of the Arg allele genotype showed a significant association with poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The Ser128Arg polymorphism might confer an increased susceptibility to breast cancer and contribute to aggressive phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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75
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Ramroop V, Wright D, Naidu R. Dental health knowledge and attitudes of primary school teachers toward developing dental health education. W INDIAN MED J 2011; 60:576-580. [PMID: 22519237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the dental health knowledge of primary school teachers, their attitudes toward the prevention of dental diseases and to identify any barriers to the implementation of oral health promotion programmes in schools. METHOD Teachers' knowledge of the causes and prevention of dental decay and gum disease, their attitudes toward oral health and barriers to the implementation of dental health education programmes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS School teachers were generally very well informed about the causes and prevention of dental decay and gum disease. Knowledge of the appropriate management of serious dental trauma was very poor among this group although they seemed to have greater awareness of the appropriate management for less serious dental injuries. The majority of teachers demonstrated positive attitudes toward dental health and its incorporation into the school curriculum. Teachers'attitudes to their own involvement in school-based dental health education were also positive. Lack of training and resources and time within the curriculum were identified as major barriers to the implementation of a dental health education programme in primary schools. CONCLUSION Developing teacher training programmes that include oral health knowledge and an evidence-based approach to dental health education within a school setting could enable primary school teachers to play a significant part in oral health promotion for young children in Trinidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramroop
- .Unit of Child Dental Health, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
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76
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Kok YY, Chu WL, Phang SM, Mohamed SM, Naidu R, Lai PJ, Ling SN, Mak JW, Lim PKC, Balraj P, Khoo ASB. Inhibitory activities of microalgal extracts against Epstein-Barr virus DNA release from lymphoblastoid cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:335-45. [PMID: 21528487 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the inhibitory activities of methanol extracts from the microalgae Ankistrodesmus convolutus, Synechococcus elongatus, and Spirulina platensis against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in three Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, namely Akata, B95-8, and P3HR-1. The antiviral activity was assessed by quantifying the cell-free EBV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The methanol extracts from Ankistrodesmus convolutus and Synechococcus elongatus displayed low cytotoxicity and potent effect in reducing cell-free EBV DNA (EC(50)<0.01 µg/ml) with a high therapeutic index (>28000). After fractionation by column chromatography, the fraction from Synechococcus elongatus (SEF1) reduced the cell-free EBV DNA most effectively (EC(50)=2.9 µg/ml, therapeutic index>69). Upon further fractionation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the sub-fraction SEF1'a was most active in reducing the cell-free EBV DNA (EC(50)=1.38 µg/ml, therapeutic index>14.5). This study suggests that microalgae could be a potential source of antiviral compounds that can be used against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yih Kok
- Division of Human Biology, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NAM. Analysis of peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1 (PIN1) gene −842(G > C) and −667(T > C) polymorphic variants in relation to breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 71:500-6. [PMID: 21745146 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.590223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ching HC, Naidu R, Seong MK, Har YC, Taib NAM. Integrated analysis of copy number and loss of heterozygosity in primary breast carcinomas using high-density SNP array. Int J Oncol 2011; 39:621-33. [PMID: 21687935 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, marked by extensive chromosomal aberrations. In this study, we aimed to explicate the underlying chromosomal copy number (CN) alterations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) implicated in a cohort of Malaysian hospital-based primary breast carcinoma samples using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array platform. The analysis was conducted by hybridizing the extracted DNA of 70 primary breast carcinomas and 37 normal peripheral blood samples to the Affymetrix 250K Sty SNP arrays. Locus-specific CN aberrations and LOH were statistically summarized using the binary segmentation algorithm and hidden Markov model. Selected genes from the SNP array analysis were also validated using quantitative real-time PCR. The merging of CN and LOH data fabricated distinctive integrated alteration profiles, which were comprised of finely demarcated minimal sites of aberrations. The most prevalent gains (≥ 30%) were detected at the 8q arm: 8q23.1, 8q23.3, 8q24.11, 8q24.13, 8q24.21, 8q24.22, 8q24.23 and 8q24.3, whilst the most ubiquitous losses (≥ 20%) were noted at the 8p12, 8p21.1, 8p21.2, 8p21.1-p21.2, 8p21.3, 8p22, 8p23.1, 8p23.1‑p23.2, 8p23.3, 17p11.2, 17p12, 17p11.2-p12, 17p13.1 and 17p13.2 regions. Copy-neutral LOH was characterized as the most prevailing LOH event, in which the most frequent distributions (≥ 30%) were revealed at 3p21.31, 5q33.2, 12q24.12, 12q24.12‑q24.13 and 14q23.1. These findings offer compre-hensive genome-wide views on breast cancer genomic changes, where the most recurrent gain, loss and copy-neutral LOH events were harboured within the 8q24.21, 8p21.1 and 14q23.1 loci, respectively. This will facilitate the uncovering of true driver genes pertinent to breast cancer biology and the develop-ment of prospective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ching Ching
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the association between the TP53BP1 Glu353Asp and T-885G polymorphisms and breast cancer risk as well as with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed on 387 breast cancer patients and 252 normal and healthy women who had no history of any malignancy using PCR-RFLP method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. Breast cancer risk was not observed among women who were heterozygous (OR(adj) = 0.887; 95% CI, 0.632-1.245) or homozygous (OR(adj) = 1.083; 95% CI, 0.595-1.969) for Asp allele, and those carriers of Asp allele (OR(adj) = 0.979; 95% CI, 0.771-1.243). Similarly, women who were TG heterozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.181; 95% CI, 0.842-1.658) or GG homozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.362; 95% CI, 0.746-2.486) and carriers of G allele (OR(adj) = 1.147; 95% CI, 0.903-1.458) were not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Asp allele genotype was significantly associated with ER negativity (p = 0.0015) and poorly differentiated tumours (p = 0.008), but G allele genotype was not associated with the clinicopathological characteristics. In conclusion, Glu353Asp and T-885G polymorphic variants might not have an influence on breast cancer risk, thus might not be potential candidates for cancer susceptibility. Glu353Asp variant might be associated with tumour aggressiveness as defined by its association with ER negativity and poorly differentiated tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Naidu R, Yip CH, Taib NAM. Genetic variations in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene: association of TCF7L2 rs12255372(G/T) or rs7903146(C/T) with breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters. Med Oncol 2011; 29:411-7. [PMID: 21301999 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between TCF7L2 rs12255372(G/T) or rs7903146(C/T) polymorphism and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathologic characteristics of the patients. Genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed on 387 breast cancer patients and 252 normal and healthy women who had no history of any malignancy using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. The allele (P = 0.033) frequency of rs7903146 (T) polymorphism was significantly higher in the cancer patients than normal individuals. No significant association was demonstrated between CT (OR(adj) = 1.386; 95% CI, 0.985-1.949) or TT (OR(adj) = 1.579; 95% CI, 0.869-2.870) genotype and breast cancer risk. However, women who were carriers of T allele (OR(adj) = 1.316; 95% CI, 1.022-1.695) or T allele genotype (OR(adj) = 1.419; 95% CI, 1.027-1.960) showed significant increased risk of breast cancer. Women who were GT heterozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.329; 95% CI, 0.948-1.862) or TT homozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.574; 95% CI, 0.829-2.987), and carriers of T allele genotype (OR(adj) = 1.365; 95% CI, 0.989-1.883) or T allele (OR(adj) = 1.284; 95% CI, 0.995-1.657) were not associated with breast cancer risk. The rs7903146(T) allele genotype was significantly associated with nodal involvement (P = 0.003) but rs12255372 (T) allele genotype was not associated with the clinico-pathologic characteristics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rs7903146 (T) variant may elevate the risk of breast cancer, thus could be a potential candidate for breast cancer susceptibility. The variant may also increase the metastatic potential of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Balkaran R, Naidu R, Teelucksingh S, Seemungal T, Pinto Pereira L, Prayman E, Bissoon A. A preliminary investigation of periodontal disease and diabetes in Trinidad. W INDIAN MED J 2011; 60:86-90. [PMID: 21809719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe periodontal disease status in diabetic patients in Trinidad. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients attending a tertiary referral centre for diabetes at an out-patient clinic were invited to undergo oral examinations. The basic periodontal examination (BPE) was used to assess periodontal disease status. RESULTS Seventy-two patients participated in the study. Mean age was 55.7 years, 54.2% were female, with 66.7% and 22.2% being of Indo-Trinidadian and Afro-Trinidadian ethnicity respectively. There were 61.1% who had not attended for dental treatment within the last year and 56.9% only attended when in pain; 15.3% had a history of cigarette smoking and 31.9% currently wore a denture. Plaque was detectable with the use of a probe in 40.3% of the 67% that underwent a BPE assessment; 38.8% were found to have advanced periodontal disease. CONCLUSION The prevalence of periodontal disease in this sample of diabetic patients suggests that regular dental examinations, oral health education, and collaborative patient care between medical and dental practitioners should form part of the routine management of diabetic patients in Trinidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balkaran
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
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82
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Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NAM. Glyoxalase I Ala111Glu gene polymorphism: No association with breast cancer risk but correlated with absence of progesterone receptor. Pathol Int 2010; 60:614-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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83
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Jabir RS, Naidu R, Azrif M, Stanslas J. Efficacy versus toxicity of docetaxel in Asian and Caucasian cancer patients from the pharmacogenomics perspectives: a review of the literature. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.964.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- School of medicineMonash University Malaysia CampusSunwayMalaysia
| | - Muhammad Azrif
- Radiotherapy and OncologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical centreKuala LumpurMalaysia
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84
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Okour Y, Shon HK, El Saliby IJ, Naidu R, Kim JB, Kim JH. Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes prepared from wastewater flocculated sludge. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:1453-1458. [PMID: 19632828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, titanium (Ti), ferric (Fe) and aluminum (Al) salt flocculants were compared for their efficiency in treating wastewater collected from Sydney Olympic Park wastewater treatment plant by following the jar test procedure. Produced sludge from Ti-salt flocculation was dried and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were generated after the incineration of sludge produced from the Ti-salt flocculation of wastewater. Later on, titanate nanotubes were synthesized after TiO2 nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated with 10 N NaOH solution at 130 degrees C for 24 h. Titanate nanotubes were either acid or deionised water-washed, while thiourea-doping was employed to produce visible light-responsive nanotubes. Wastewater flocculation using Ti-salt was found to be as efficient as Fe and Al flocculation in terms of turbidity and DOC removal. XRD results showed that the anatase structure was predominant for TiO2 nanoparticles, while thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes only indicated anatase structure with an increased crystallinity after being crystallized at 600 degrees C. The photocatalytic activity of all photocatalysts was evaluated using the photooxidation of acetaldehyde. Thiourea-doped nanotubes showed a greater photocatalytic activity than as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, deionised water-washed, acid-washed titanate nanotubes and P25 under UV and visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okour
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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85
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Abstract
The genotype analysis of the Gly and Arg allele at codon 388 of fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR4) gene was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 387 breast cancer patients and 252 normal and healthy women who had no history of any malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism and breast cancer risk as well as clinicopathological parameters of the patients. The Gly/Gly, Gly/Arg, Arg/Arg, and Arg allele genotypes were detected in 46.3%, 44.4%, 9.3%, and 53.7% of breast cancer cases, respectively. The distribution of genotype (p = 0.204) and allele (p = 0.086) frequencies of FGFR4 polymorphism were not significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal individuals. Women who were Arg/ Arg homozygotes (OR = 1.714, 95% CI 0.896-3.278), Gly/Arg heterozygotes (OR = 1.205, 95% CI 0.863-1.683), carriers of Arg allele genotype (OR = 1.269, 95% CI 0.921-1.750), or Arg allele (OR = 1.246, 95% CI 0.970-1.602) were not associated with breast cancer risk. The Arg allele genotype was significantly associated with lymph node metastases (p = 0.001) but not with other clinicopathological parameters. Our findings suggest that the polymorphic variant at codon 388 of FGFR4 gene does not confer increased risk to breast cancer development but it may be a potential genetic marker for tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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86
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Laurenson S, Kunhikrishnan A, Bolan N, Naidu R, McKay J, Keremane G. Management of recycled water for sustainable production and environmental protection: A casestudy with Northern Adelaide Plains recycling scheme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.7763/ijesd.2010.v1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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87
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Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NA. Associations between hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) gene polymorphisms and risk of developing breast cancer. Neoplasma 2009; 56:441-7. [PMID: 19580347 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2009_05_441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The C1772T, G1790A and C111A polymorphisms of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) gene were analyzed in a hospital-based Malaysian population using PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected from 410 breast cancer patients and 275 normal and healthy women. We investigated the association between HIF-1alpha polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathological parameters in the population. The genotype and allele frequencies of C1772T (P=0.0093 vs P=0.0024) polymorphism were significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal subjects but similar association was not observed for G1790A (P>0.05) and C111A (P>0.05) polymorphisms, respectively. Women who were CT heterozygotes (OR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.25), TT homozygotes (OR=4.03; 95% CI, 1.09-17.60) and carriers of T allele genotype (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.13-2.43) were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Significant relationship was observed also between T allele and breast cancer risk (OR=1.69; 95% CI, 1.20-2.40). Clinico-pathological analysis showed that 1772T allele genotype was significantly associated with nodal metastases (P=0.0478) but independent of ER status, tumor grade and patients' age (P>0.05). Our observations suggest that the polymorphic allele of C1772T may be associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer, and presence of 1772T allele may be a useful genetic marker for tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Ehsan, Malaysia.
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88
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Rahman MM, Naidu R, Bhattacharya P. Arsenic contamination in groundwater in the Southeast Asia region. Environ Geochem Health 2009; 31 Suppl 1:9-21. [PMID: 19137402 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification, treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination, thus duplicating their work. There is an urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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89
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Smith E, Naidu R. Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils: kinetics of arsenic adsorption-desorption. Environ Geochem Health 2009; 31 Suppl 1:49-59. [PMID: 19101807 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ionic strength, index cations and competing anions on arsenate (As(V)) adsorption-desorption kinetics was studied in an Alfisol soil. A flow-through reactor system similar to that developed by Carski and Sparks (Soil Sci Soc Am J 49:1114-1116, 1985) was constructed for the experiments. Arsenate adsorption kinetics for all the treatments were initially fast with 58-91% of As(V) adsorbed in the first 15 min. Beyond 15 min, As(V) adsorption continued at a slower rate for the observation period of the experiments. Changes in the solution composition had differing effects on the cumulative amount of As(V) adsorbed by the soil. Ionic strength and different index cations had little effect on the amount of As(V) adsorbed, while the presence of phosphate decreased the amount of As(V) adsorbed from 169 to 89 and 177 to 115 g As(V) microg(-1) in 0.03 M sodium nitrate and 0.01 M calcium nitrate, respectively. Considerably less As(V) was desorbed than was adsorbed, with only between 2 to 17% of the adsorbed As(V) desorbed. The presence of phosphate increased the amount of As(V) desorbed by 17%, but other changes in the solution ionic strength or index cation had little effect on the amount of As(V) desorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
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90
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Smith E, Juhasz AL, Weber J, Naidu R. Arsenic uptake and speciation in rice plants grown under greenhouse conditions with arsenic contaminated irrigation water. Sci Total Environ 2008; 392:277-83. [PMID: 18164371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of arsenic (As) by rice (Oryza sativa L.) is of great interest considering the dietary intake of rice is potentially a major As exposure pathway in countries where rice is irrigated with As contaminated groundwater. A small scale rice paddy experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake of As by rice. Arsenic concentrations in rice tissue increased in the order grain<<leaf<stem<<<root with the As concentration in the rice grain, in some cases, exceeding the maximum Australian permissible concentration of 1 mg kg(-1). Speciation of As in rice tissue was performed using a modified protein extraction procedure and trifluoroacetic acid extraction. Whilst higher As recoveries were obtained using trifluoroacetic acid extraction, both methods identified arsenite and arsenate as the major As species present in the root, stem and leaf, however, arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were the major As species identified in the grain. Notably, DMA comprised 85 to 94% of the total As concentration in the grain. The high proportion of organic to inorganic As in the grain has implications on human health risk assessment as inorganic As species are more bioavailable than methylated As species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, SPRI Building, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes SA 5095, Australia.
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91
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Naidu R, Yip CH, Taib NA. Polymorphisms of HER2 Ile655Val and cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A are not associated with breast cancer risk but polymorphic allele of HER2 is associated with nodal metastases. Neoplasma 2008; 55:87-95. [PMID: 18237245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The HER2 codon Ile655Val and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphisms were analyzed in a hospital-based Malaysian population using PCR-RFLP method. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 230 breast cancer patients, and 200 normal and healthy women who had no history of breast disease or breast cancer. We evaluated the association between HER2 or CCND1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathological parameters in the population. The genotype and allele frequencies of HER2 (P=0.163 vs P=0.0622) and CCND1 (P=0.377 vs P=0.284) polymorphisms were not significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal subjects, respectively. Women who were Ile/Val heterozygotes (OR=1.48; 95% CI, 0.91-2.43), Val/Val homozygotes (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 0.51-7.77) and carriers of Val allele genotype (OR=1.53; 95% CI, 0.95-2.45) were not significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Similarly, women who were homozygous (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 0.77-2.34) or heterozygous (OR=0.98; 95% CI, 0.60-1.60) for A allele, or carriers of A allele genotype (OR=1.10; 95% CI, 0.70-1.73) were not associated with breast cancer risk. Analysis on clinico-pathological parameters showed that Val allele genotype was significantly correlated with nodal metastases but A allele genotype was not associated with any of the variables. Our findings suggest that the polymorphic alleles of HER2 and CCND1 may not play an important role as genetic markers for breast cancer risk, but presence of Val allele may be useful for tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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92
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Naidu R, Semple K, Megharaj M, Juhasz A, Bolan N, Gupta S, Clothier B, Schulin R. Chapter 3 Bioavailability: Definition, assessment and implications for risk assessment. Chemical Bioavailability in Terrestrial Environment 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2481(07)32003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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93
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Hee CS, Gun SC, Naidu R, Gupta E, Somnath SD, Radhakrishnan AK. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human interleukin-10 gene promoter between rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal subjects in Malaysia. Mod Rheumatol 2007; 17:429-35. [PMID: 17929139 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-007-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the promoter of the human interleukin (IL)-10 gene [rs1800896 (position: -1087G>A), rs1800871 (position: -824C>T) and rs1800872 (position: -597C>A)] were investigated in 84 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 95 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Production of IL-10 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from the RA patients and healthy subjects cultured in the presence of Concanavalin A (Con A) was determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results show that the distribution of the IL-10 genotypes did not differ significantly between RA patients and healthy subjects (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in allele frequencies of -824CT, -824TT, -597CA, and -597AA between the RA patients and healthy volunteers (P=0.04). The -1087A/-824T/-597A (ATA) haplotype, which comprises all mutant alleles, was associated with lower IL-10 production when compared with the other haplotypes. In contrast, the RA patients who did not display the ATA haplotype produced significantly higher levels of IL-10 when compared with those carrying either one (P=0.012) or two (P=0.005) ATA haplotypes. Our findings suggest that there is an association between SNPs in the promoter of the human IL-10 gene and susceptibility to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Seng Hee
- International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, and Department of Medicine, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Malaysia.
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94
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Naidu R, Ramroop V, Rafeek R. The development of dentistry in Trinidad and Tobago. Dent Hist 2007:99-116. [PMID: 17867451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
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95
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Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NAM. P27 V109G Polymorphism is associated with lymph node metastases but not with increased risk of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2007; 26:133-40. [PMID: 17550142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The p27 V109G polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 230 breast cancer patients and 200 normal and healthy women who had no history of breast disease or breast cancer. We evaluated the association between the p27 polymorphism and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathological parameters in the population. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of p27 V109G polymorphism were not significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal subjects (P=0.376). Women who were homozygous (OR=1.73; 95% CI, 0.62-4.92) or heterozygous (OR=1.26; 95% CI, 0.75-2.12) for G allele, or carriers of G allele genotype (OR=1.34; 95%, 0.83-2.16) or G allele (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 0.90-2.05) were not associated with breast cancer risk. No significant correlation was noted between G allele genotype and breast cancer risk among patients under 50 (OR=1.28; 95% CI, 0.62-2.66) or 50 years and older (OR=1.38; 95% CI, 0.71-2.66) at diagnosis. The G allele genotype was significantly associated with lymph node metastases but independent of ER status and histological grade. In conclusion, the polymorphic variant at codon 109 of p27 gene may not be a marker for determining patients' risk of developing breast cancer but it may be a potential genetic marker for poor prognosis, thereby a marker for tumor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Glycine
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Malaysia/epidemiology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Odds Ratio
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Valine
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
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96
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Chen ZL, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Determination of Bromate and Bromide in Seawater by Ion Chromatography, with an Ammonium Salt Solution as Mobile Phase, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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97
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the oral health and treatment need of schoolchildren in Trinidad and Tobago. DESIGN AND METHOD Cross-sectional survey using stratified cluster sampling. Participants were children in primary (aged 6-8 years) and secondary school (aged 12 and 15 years). Main outcome measures were DMFT/dmft, treatment need, and fluorosis. RESULTS Examinations were completed on 1064 children. The dmft of the 6-8-year-olds was 2.54 (95% CI = 2.32, 2.76). For 12-year-olds, the DMFT was 0.61 (95% CI = 0.51, 0.71), whereas for 15-year-olds, the DMFT was 1.06 (95% CI = 0.87, 1.25). Most of the caries experience in 6-8-year-olds was from decayed teeth. Sixty-seven per cent of the sample (95% CI = 64%, 69%) had some type of treatment need. Most frequently occurring need was for fillings at 42% (95% CI = 40%, 44%) with 28% (95% CI = 26%, 31%) of the total sample needing two or more surface fillings, followed by fissure sealants at 33% (95% CI = 30%, 36%) and caries-arresting care at 12% (95% CI = 10%, 14%). Extraction of one or more teeth was needed in 13% (95% CI = 11%, 15%) of children. Rates of fluorosis were negligible. CONCLUSION The caries experience of 12- and 15-year-old children were low but was high for schoolchildren aged 6-8 years, in terms of prevalence and severity. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health of primary schoolchildren in Trinidad and Tobago.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naidu
- School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
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98
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Percival T, Naidu R, Al Bayaty H, Ramsahai M. 'X' shaped incisor. Br Dent J 2006; 201:250. [PMID: 16960586 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4813998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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99
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Smith E, Smith J, Naidu R. Distribution and nature of arsenic along former railway corridors of South Australia. Sci Total Environ 2006; 363:175-82. [PMID: 16005048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) have been detected in soils of former railway corridors in South Australia, Australia. Elevated As concentrations resulted from the long-term application of As-based herbicides to control grass growth along former railway corridors. A study of former railway corridors revealed considerable surface (0-10 cm) contamination with As (<20 to >1000 mg As kg-1). The distribution of As in soils was related with particle size fraction and iron (Fe) oxide content. Total As increased markedly with decreasing particle size; sand<<silt<clay, with increasing As concentration generally correlated with increasing Fe concentrations (R2=0.57). A sequential fractionation of soils collected from selected sites showed that As was primarily associated with the amorphous and crystalline Fe and Al oxide materials. Solid phase speciation of As-contaminated soil indicated that arsenate (AsV) was the dominant As species present in the soil. However, in some soils, arsenite (AsIII) composed up to 40% of the total As present. The reasons for the presence of AsIII under alkaline and aerobic conditions are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5062, Australia.
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100
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Hall DR, Cork A, Phythian SJ, Chittamuru S, Jayarama BK, Venkatesha MG, Sreedharan K, Vinod Kumar PK, Seetharama HG, Naidu R. Identification of components of male-produced pheromone of coffee white stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:195-219. [PMID: 16525878 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is the foremost pest of arabica coffee in India, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Previous work showed that female beetles were attracted to traps baited with male beetles. Analyses of volatiles from male X. quadripes of Indian origin by gas chromatography (GC) linked to electroantennographic (EAG) recording from a female beetle antenna showed three male-specific components comprising more than 90% of the volatiles, two of which elicited EAG responses. The major EAG-active component was produced at up to 2 microg hr(-1) insect(-1) and was identified as (S)-2-hydroxy-3-decanone (I) by comparison of GC data, and mass (MS), infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with those of synthetic standards. The second component was identified as 3-hydroxy-2-decanone (II) produced in part by isomerization of I under the conditions of the GC analysis, although the NMR spectrum suggested it is naturally produced at up to 7% of I. The minor component that elicited an EAG response, present at 7% of the amount of I, was identified as (S,S)-2,3-dihydroxyoctane (III) from GC and MS data. 2-Hydroxy-3-octanone (0.2-0.5% of I), 2,3-decanedione (2% of I), 2-phenylethanol (3% of I), and octanoic acid (4% of I) were also identified in volatiles from male beetles. A general, stereospecific synthetic route to the enantiomers of 2-hydroxy-3-alkanones from the enantiomers of ethyl lactate was developed. The enantiomers of III were synthesized from (E)-2-octene by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. (S)-(I) was attractive to male X. quadripes in laboratory bioassays, but addition of (S,RS)-(III) at 10% of I reduced attractiveness. In field trials carried out in India with sticky, cross-vane traps, (S)- and (RS)-(I) attracted male X. quadripes and addition of (S,S)-(III) at 10% of I reduced attractiveness. Significant numbers of female Demonax balyi Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were sometimes caught in traps baited with (S)-(I) alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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