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Cui M, Sun J, Hou J, Fang T, Wang X, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Xie H, Cui Y, Yao M, Li J, Li H. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( SOCS2) inhibits tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13521-31. [PMID: 27465557 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase. However, the mechanism underlying the development and progression of HCC remains unknown. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a member of the SOCS family and influences the carcinogenesis of multiple types of tumors, but the biological roles of SOCS2 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we found that SOCS2 expression was reduced in HCC tissues compared with matched noncancerous liver tissues. Moreover, decreased SOCS2 expression was significantly associated with the presence of intrahepatic metastasis and high histological grade in HCC patients. Colony formation assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS2 or knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 did not significantly affect cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, SOCS2 overexpression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited metastasis in vivo. Consistent with these findings, the knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 enhanced migration and invasion in HCC cells in vitro. Our study demonstrated that SOCS2 inhibited human HCC metastasis, and SOCS2 might provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for treating HCC.
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Ghazawi FM, Faller EM, Parmar P, El-Salfiti A, MacPherson PA. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are induced by IL-7 and target surface CD127 protein for degradation in human CD8 T cells. Cell Immunol 2016; 306-307:41-52. [PMID: 27423467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the essential role interleukin (IL)-7 plays in T-cell survival, homeostasis and function, it is no surprise expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (CD127) is tightly regulated. We have previously shown IL-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of CD8 T cells leads to both suppression of CD127 gene transcription and loss of existing CD127 protein from the cell membrane. Indeed upon binding IL-7, CD127 is rapidly internalized into early endosomes where phosphorylation by JAK targets the receptor for degradation. We now show that IL-7 induces the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins CIS, SOCS1 and SOCS2 through the JAK/STAT-5 pathway and that CIS and SOCS2 specifically interact with CD127 in early endosomes and direct the receptor complex to the proteasome for degradation. These results illustrate how expression of the IL-7 receptor and thus IL-7 signaling is modulated in human CD8 T cells by a negative feedback mechanism dependent on members of the SOCS family of proteins.
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Aparecida Silva Barbosa A, Freitas Versiani A, Fonseca da Cunha Sousa L, Silva de Miranda A, Gasparini MR, Brant F, Silva DG, Luisa Quintino-de-Carvalho I, Marianetti Soriani F, Guimarães da Fonseca F, César Vasconcelos A, da Silva Barcelos L, Martins Teixeira M, Lúcio Teixeira A, Machado FS, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Rachid MA. Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( SOCS2) during meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:26-31. [PMID: 27477504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) was evaluated by intracranial infection in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) and SOCS2 deficient mice (SOCS2(-/-)). Both infected groups presented weight loss, ruffled fur and hunched posture. Additionally, infected SOCS2(-/-) mice showed swollen chamfer and progressive depression. Infected WT animals developed mild meningitis, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, viral DNA was detected in liver and lung from infected WT group. This group also showed elevated brain levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with non-infected WT animals. Brain inflammation was exacerbated in infected SOCS2(-/-) mice with widespread distribution of the virus and increased brain levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with WT infected mice. Moreover, infected SOCS2 deficient mice exhibited reduced brain mRNA expression of IFNα and IFNβ and increased expression of mRNA of SOCS1, compared with infected WT mice. Taken together, our study provides an insight into the role of SOCS2 in modulating the immune response to BoHV-5 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Freitas Versiani
- Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Fátima Brant
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Gonçalves Silva
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Anilton César Vasconcelos
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
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Brant F, Miranda AS, Esper L, Gualdrón-López M, Cisalpino D, de Souza DDG, Rachid MA, Tanowitz HB, Teixeira MM, Teixeira AL, Machado FS. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 modulates the immune response profile and development of experimental cerebral malaria. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 54:73-85. [PMID: 26765997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection results in severe malaria in humans, affecting various organs, including the liver, spleen and brain, and resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice closely recapitulates many aspects of human cerebral malaria (CM); thus, this model has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of CM. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), an intracellular protein induced by cytokines and hormones, modulates the immune response, neural development, neurogenesis and neurotrophic pathways. However, the role of SOCS2 during CM remains unknown. SOCS2 knockout (SOCS2(-/-)) mice infected with PbA show an initial resistance to infection with reduced parasitemia and production of TNF, TGF-β, IL-12 and IL-17 in the brain. Interestingly, in the late phase of infection, SOCS2(-/-) mice display increased parasitemia and reduced Treg cell infiltration, associated with enhanced levels of Th1 and Th17 cells and related cytokines IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-β in the brain. A significant reduction in protective neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was also observed. Moreover, the molecular alterations in the brain of infected SOCS2(-/-) mice were associated with anxiety-related behaviors and cognition impairment. Mechanistically, these results revealed enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in PbA-infected SOCS2(-/-) mice, and the inhibition of NO synthesis through l-NAME led to a marked decrease in survival, the disruption of parasitemia control and more pronounced anxiety-like behavior. Treatment with l-NAME also shifted the levels of Th1, Th7 and Treg cells in the brains of infected SOCS2(-/-) mice to the background levels observed in infected WT, with remarkable exception of increased CD8(+)IFN(+) T cells and inflammatory monocytes. These results indicate that SOCS2 plays a dual role during PbA infection, being detrimental in the control of the parasite replication but crucial in the regulation of the immune response and production of neurotrophic factors. Here, we provided strong evidence of a critical relationship between SOCS2 and NO in the orchestration of the immune response and development of CM during PbA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Brant
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisia Esper
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Melisa Gualdrón-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cisalpino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Gloria de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Herbert B Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Peng HY, Jiang SS, Hsiao JR, Hsiao M, Hsu YM, Wu GH, Chang WM, Chang JY, Jin SLC, Shiah SG. IL-8 induces miR-424-5p expression and modulates SOCS2/STAT5 signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:895-909. [PMID: 27038552 PMCID: PMC5423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative feedback regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Dysregulation of SOCS protein expression in cancers can be one of the mechanisms that maintain STAT activation, but this mechanism is still poorly understood in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we report that SOCS2 protein is significantly downregulated in OSCC patients and its levels are inversely correlated with miR‐424‐5p expression. We identified the SOCS2 protein, which modulates STAT5 activity, as a direct target of miR‐424‐5p. The miR‐424‐5p‐induced STAT5 phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and cell migration and invasion were blocked by SOCS2 restoration, suggesting that miR‐424‐5p exhibits its oncogenic activity through negatively regulating SOCS2 levels. Furthermore, miR‐424‐5p expression could be induced by the cytokine IL‐8 primarily through enhancing STAT5 transcriptional activity rather than NF‐κB signaling. Antagomir‐mediated inactivation of miR‐424‐5p prevented the IL‐8‐induced cell migration and invasion, indicating that miR‐424‐5p is required for IL‐8‐induced cellular invasiveness. Taken together, these data indicate that STAT5‐dependent expression of miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop, and scavenging miR‐424‐5p function using antagomir may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OSCC. miR‐424‐5p is overexpressed in OSCC. miR‐424‐5p directly targets SOCS2, leading to increased cell migration and invasion. STAT5 activation is required for IL‐8‐mediated miR‐424‐5p transcription. miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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56
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Banerjee S, Das RK, Giffear KA, Shapiro BH. Permanent uncoupling of male-specific CYP2C11 transcription/translation by perinatal glutamate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:79-91. [PMID: 25697375 PMCID: PMC4374021 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure of rats and mice to the typically reported 4mg/g bd wt dose of monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in a complete block in GH secretion as well as obesity, growth retardation and a profound suppression of several cytochrome P450s, including CYP2C11, the predominant male-specific isoform--all irreversible effects. In contrast, we have found that a lower dose of the food additive, 2mg/g bd wt on alternate days for the first 9days of life results in a transient neonatal depletion of plasma GH, a subsequent permanent overexpression of CYP2C11 as well as subnormal (mini) GH pulse amplitudes in an otherwise normal adult masculine episodic GH profile. The overexpressed CYP2C11 was characterized by a 250% increase in mRNA, but only a 40 to 50% increase in CYP2C11 protein and its catalytic activity. Using freshly isolated hepatocytes as well as primary cultures exposed to the masculine-like episodic GH profile, we observed normal induction, activation, nuclear translocation and binding to the CYP2C11 promoter of the GH-dependent signal transducers required for CYP2C11 transcription. The disproportionately lower expression levels of CYP2C11 protein were associated with dramatically high expression levels of an aberrant, presumably nontranslated CYP2C11 mRNA, a 200% increase in CYP2C11 ubiquitination and a 70-80% decline in miRNAs associated, at normal levels, with a suppression of CYP2C expression. Whereas the GH-responsiveness of CYP2C7 and CYP2C6 as well as albumin was normal in the MSG-derived hepatocytes, the abnormal expression of CYP2C11 was permanent and irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Banerjee
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Rajat Kumar Das
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Kelly A Giffear
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Bernard H Shapiro
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA.
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Ratnayake U, Basrai HS, Turnley AM, van den Buuse M. Dopaminergic activity and behaviour in SOCS2 transgenic mice: Revealing a potential drug target for schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:247-53. [PMID: 25283341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in immune function have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Specifically, the induction of inflammatory cytokines, which are important immunological factors in infection or inflammation, may be critical factors altering the normal course of brain development and increasing schizophrenia risk. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 2 (SOCS2) can negatively regulate the signalling of cytokines. The present study aimed to determine the behavioural phenotype of transgenic mice over-expressing SOCS2 (SOCS2 Tg) in paradigms of relevance to schizophrenia. Both male and female SOCS2 Tg mice displayed reduced locomotor hyperactivity after the administration of the dopamine releaser, amphetamine, compared to wildtype controls (WT). However, only male SOCS2 Tg mice showed enhanced prepulse inhibition compared to WT. Dopamine D2 receptors mRNA expression was reduced and dopamine transporter mRNA expression was increased in the nucleus accumbens of female, but not male, SOCS2 Tg mice, compared to WT. The role of hyperdopaminergia has long been implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. This study shows that over-expression of SOCS2 reduces the psychostimulant effects of amphetamine, enhances PPI, and alters mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. SOCS2 may provide a novel target in the development of treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udani Ratnayake
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harleen S Basrai
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann M Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signalling (Socs2(-/-))-knockout mouse is characterised by an overgrowth phenotype due to enhanced GH signalling. The objective of this study was to define the Socs2(-/-) bone phenotype and determine whether GH promotes bone mass via IGF1-dependent mechanisms. Despite no elevation in systemic IGF1 levels, increased body weight in 4-week-old Socs2(-/-) mice following GH treatment was associated with increased cortical bone area (Ct.Ar) (P<0.01). Furthermore, detailed bone analysis of male and female juvenile and adult Socs2(-/-) mice revealed an altered cortical and trabecular phenotype consistent with the known anabolic effects of GH. Indeed, male Socs2(-/-) mice had increased Ct.Ar (P<0.05) and thickness associated with increased strength. Despite this, there was no elevation in hepatic Igf1 expression, suggesting that the anabolic bone phenotype was the result of increased local GH action. Mechanistic studies showed that in osteoblasts and bone of Socs2(-/-) mice, STAT5 phosphorylation was significantly increased in response to GH. Conversely, overexpression of SOCS2 decreased GH-induced STAT5 signalling. Although an increase in Igf1 expression was observed in Socs2(-/-) osteoblasts following GH, it was not evident in vivo. Igf1 expression levels were not elevated in response to GH in 4-week-old mice and no alterations in expression was observed in bone samples of 6-week-old Socs2(-/-) mice. These studies emphasise the critical role of SOCS2 in controlling the local GH anabolic bone effects. We provide compelling evidence implicating SOCS2 in the regulation of GH osteoblast signalling and ultimately bone accrual, which maybe via mechanisms that are independent of IGF1 production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dobie
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
| | - V E MacRae
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
| | - C Huesa
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
| | - R van't Hof
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
| | - S F Ahmed
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- Division of Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UKInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
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Das RK, Banerjee S, Shapiro BH. Irreversible perinatal imprinting of adult expression of the principal sex-dependent drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2C11. FASEB J 2014; 28:4111-22. [PMID: 24942648 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We proposed to determine whether, like other sexual dimorphisms, drug metabolism is permanently imprinted by perinatal hormones, resulting in its irreversible sex-dependent expression. We treated newborn male rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG), a total growth hormone (GH) blocker, and, using cultured hepatocytes, examined expression of adult CYP2C11, the predominant cytochrome-P450 expressed only in males, as well as the signal transduction pathway by which episodic GH solely regulates the isoform's expression. In addition, adolescent hypophysectomized (hypox) male rats served as controls in which GH was eliminated after the critical imprinting period. Whereas renaturalization of the masculine episodic GH profile restored normal male-like levels of CYP2C11, as well as CYP2C12, in hepatocytes from hypox rats, the cells derived from the MSG-treated rats were completely unresponsive. Moreover, GH exposure of hepatocytes from hypox rats resulted in normal induction, activation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the CYP2C11 promoter of the signal transducers mediating GH regulation of CYP2C11 expression, which dramatically contrasted with the complete unresponsiveness of the MSG-derived hepatocytes, also associated with hypermethylation of GH-response elements in the CYP2C11 promoter. Lastly, neonatal MSG treatment had no adverse effect on postnatal and adult testosterone levels. The results demonstrate that the sexually dimorphic expression of CYP2C11 is irreversibly imprinted shortly after birth by a hormone other than the customary testosterone, but likely by GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar Das
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarmistha Banerjee
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard H Shapiro
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhou Y, Lv C, Wu C, Chen F, Shao Y, Wang Q. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 2 attenuates renal lesions in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:981-8. [PMID: 24802166 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves damage to the kidney caused by diabetes. It is characterized by renal hypertrophy, tubular atrophy/dilation and glomerular hyperfiltration. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 2 has recently been indicated to be involved in the pathogenesis of DN, however, the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the role of SOCS2 in the development and progress of DN in a rat model of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing SOCS2 were used to upregulate the expression of SOCS2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Our results demonstrated that intrarenal injection of SOCS2 adenoviruses reduced STZ-induced renal lesions, including renal/glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular hyperfiltration, aberrant inflammation and fibrosis. Increased expression levels of proinflammatory proteins (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and profibrotic proteins (transforming growth factor-beta, collagen IV and fibronectin) in the diabetic kidneys were decreased after SOCS2 gene delivery. Additionally, adenovirus-mediated upregulation of renal SOCS2 markedly inhibited STZ-induced phosphorylation increases of Janus kinase (JAK) 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, STAT5 and extracellular receptor-activated kinase (ERK) 1/2. In summary, the present research demonstrates that SOCS2 reduces renal lesions associated with diabetes in rats.
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Hoefer J, Kern J, Ofer P, Eder IE, Schäfer G, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Geley S, Rainer J, Gunsilius E, Klocker H, Culig Z, Puhr M. SOCS2 correlates with malignancy and exerts growth-promoting effects in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:175-87. [PMID: 24280133 PMCID: PMC3907181 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling due to an altered expression of endogenous regulators is well recognized in prostate cancer (PCa) and other cancers. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a key regulator of the GH, IGF, and prolactin signaling pathways that have been implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns and functional significance of SOCS2 in PCa. Protein expression analysis employing tissue microarrays from two independent patient cohorts revealed a significantly enhanced expression in tumor tissue compared with benign tissue as well as association with Gleason score and disease progression. In vitro and in vivo assays uncovered the involvement of SOCS2 in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. Functionally, SOCS2 knockdown inhibited PCa cell proliferation and xenograft growth in a CAM assay. Decreased cell growth after SOCS2 downregulation was associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we proved that SOCS2 expression is significantly elevated upon androgenic stimulation in androgen receptor (AR)-positive cell lines, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for high SOCS2 levels in PCa tissue. Consequently, SOCS2 expression correlated with AR expression in the malignant tissue of patients. On the whole, our study linked increased SOCS2 expression in PCa with a pro-proliferative role in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoefer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Johann Kern
- Oncotyrol Laboratory for Tumor Biology and AngiogenesisInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Ofer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Iris E Eder
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Helmut Klocker
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
| | - Martin Puhr
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
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Laszlo GS, Ries RE, Gudgeon CJ, Harrington KH, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Walter RB. High expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 predicts poor outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2817-21. [PMID: 24559289 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.893305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated cytokine signaling is a characteristic feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and expression signatures of cytokines and chemokines have been identified as a significant prognostic factor in this disease. Given this aberrant signaling, we hypothesized that expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS2), a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, might be altered in AML and could provide predictive information. Among 188 participants of the Children's Oncology Group AAML03P1 trial, SOCS2 mRNA levels varied > 6000-fold. Higher (> median) SOCS2 expression was associated with inferior overall (60 ± 10% vs. 75 ± 9%, p = 0.026) and event-free (44 ± 10% vs. 59 ± 10%, p = 0.031) survival. However, these differences were accounted for by higher prevalence of high-risk and lower prevalence of low-risk disease among patients with higher SOCS2 expression, limiting the clinical utility of SOCS2 as a predictive marker. It remains untested whether high SOCS2 expression identifies a subset of leukemias with deregulated cytokine signaling that could be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Laszlo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA , USA
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Nakamura MT, Yudell BE, Loor JJ. Regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 53:124-44. [PMID: 24362249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in regulating energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPAR-alpha expressed primarily in liver is essential for metabolic adaptation to starvation by inducing genes for beta-oxidation and ketogenesis and by downregulating energy expenditure through fibroblast growth factor 21. PPAR-delta is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and induces genes for LCFA oxidation during fasting and endurance exercise. PPAR-delta also regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing FOXO1 and PGC1-alpha. Genes targeted by PPAR-gamma in adipocytes suggest that PPAR-gamma senses incoming non-esterified LCFAs and induces the pathways to store LCFAs as triglycerides. Adiponectin, another important target of PPAR-gamma may act as a spacer between adipocytes to maintain their metabolic activity and insulin sensitivity. Another topic of this review is effects of skin LCFAs on energy metabolism. Specific LCFAs are required for the synthesis of skin lipids, which are essential for water barrier and thermal insulation functions of the skin. Disturbance of skin lipid metabolism often causes apparent resistance to developing obesity at the expense of normal skin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Barbara E Yudell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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64
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Zhang MY, Fung TK, Chen FY, Chim CS. Methylation profiling of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, CISH and SHP1 in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1282-90. [PMID: 24131863 PMCID: PMC4159021 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling, pivotal in Philadelphia-negative (Ph-ve) myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), is negatively regulated by molecules including SOCSs, CISH and SHP1. SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3 methylation have been studied in MPN with discordant results. Herein, we studied the methylation status of SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3, CISH and SHP1 by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in cell lines and 45 diagnostic marrow samples of Ph-ve MPN. Moreover, we attempted to explain the discordance of methylation frequency by mapping the studied MSP primers to the respective genes. Methylation was detected in normal controls using SOCS2 MSP primers in the 3′translated exonic sequence, but not primers around the transcription start site in the 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTR). SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH were completely unmethylated in primary MPN samples and cell lines. In contrast, methylation of SHP1 was detected in 8.9% primary marrow samples. Moreover, SHP1 was completely methylated in K562 cell line, leading to reversible SHP1 silencing. A review of methylation studies of SOCS1 and SOCS3 showed that spuriously high rates of SOCS methylation had been reported using MSP primers targeting CpG sites in the 3′translated exonic sequence, which is also methylated in normal controls. However, using MSP primers localized to the 5′UTR, methylation of SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3 is infrequent across all studies. In summary, methylation of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH is infrequent in Ph-ve MPN. Appropriate MSP primers are important for accurate estimation of the methylation frequency. The role of SHP1 methylation in the pathogenesis of MPN warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Piper E, Zhang Y, Tier B, Graser HU, Luxford BG, Moran C. A single nucleotide polymorphism in suppressor of cytokine signalling-2 is associated with growth and feed conversion efficiency in pigs. Anim Genet 2011; 42:219-21. [PMID: 24725230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feed efficiency and growth are the most important traits in pig production, and very few genetic markers have been reported to be associated with feed efficiency. The suppressor of cytokine signalling-2 (encoded by SOCS2) is the main negative regulator of somatic growth, and the knockout of SOCS2 and naturally mutant mice have high-growth phenotypes. Porcine SOCS2 was selected as a primary positional candidate for feed efficiency, because it is located on chromosome 5q, in the vicinity of a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) region for food conversion ratio in pigs. Here, we report five single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by sequencing of the promoter region and exon 1. One PCR-RFLP assay was designed for genotyping the polymorphism c.1667A > G (GenBank Accession No AY312266). Association analyses were performed in an Australian mapping resource pedigree population (PRDC-US43) for food conversion ratio, backfat, IGF1 level and growth traits and showed significant effects on average daily gain on test (ADG2) (P < 0.01) and marginal association with food conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.08).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit2, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.QAF Meat Industries, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia
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