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Tusa NV, Abuelo A, Levy NA, Gandy JC, Langlois DK, Cridge H. Peripheral biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with acute pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1958-1965. [PMID: 36086902 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered a pathomechanism of acute pancreatitis (AP), but no studies have extensively characterized oxidant status in dogs with naturally-occurring AP. HYPOTHESIS OR OBJECTIVES Evaluate measures of oxidant status in dogs with AP and explore whether these measures correlate with AP severity. ANIMALS Fifteen dogs with AP and 9 control dogs. METHODS Prospective, controlled observational study. Plasma reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations, antioxidant potential (AOP), and urinary F2 isoprostane concentrations were measured in AP dogs and healthy controls. Severity of AP was assessed by length of hospitalization and 3 disease severity indices: canine acute pancreatitis severity (CAPS), modified canine activity index (M-CAI), and the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score (APPLEfull ). RESULTS Reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations (median, 65 relative fluorescent units [RFU]/μL; range, 20-331 RFU/μL) and RM:AOP (median, 7; range, 4-109) were higher in AP dogs than healthy controls (median RM, 25 RFU/μL; range, 16-41 RFU/μL; median RM:AOP, 4; range, 2-7; P < .001 for both comparisons). Reactive metabolite (rS = 0.603, P = .08) and RM:AOP (rS = 0.491, P = .06) were not correlated with the duration of hospitalization or disease severity indices evaluated. However, disease severity indices did not predict mortality in our study. Normalized urine 2,3-dinor-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations were correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP; rS = 0.491, P = .03), canine specific pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL; rS = 0.746, P = .002), and CAPS (rS = 0.603, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oxidant status is altered in dogs with naturally occurring AP, but the clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V Tusa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nyssa A Levy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry Cridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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David S, Levin E, Fallik E, Alkalai-Tuvia S, Foolad MR, Lers A. Physiological genetic variation in tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:991983. [PMID: 36160961 PMCID: PMC9493348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Storage at low temperatures is a common practice to prolong postharvest life of fruit and vegetables with a minimal negative impact on human/environmental health. Storage at low temperatures, however, can be restricted due to produce susceptibility to non-freezing chilling temperatures, when injuries such as physiological disorders and decays may result in unmarketable produce. We have investigated tomato fruit response to postharvest chilling stress in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between a chilling-sensitive cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) breeding line and a chilling-tolerant inbred accession of the tomato wild species S. pimpinellifolium L. Screening of the fruit of 148 RILs under cold storage (1.5°C) indicated presence of significant variations in chilling tolerance, manifested by varying degrees of fruit injury. Two extremely contrasting groups of RILs were identified, chilling-tolerant and chilling-sensitive RILs. The RILs in the two groups were further investigated under chilling stress conditions, and several physiological parameters, including weight loss, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, and Performance Index (PI), were determined to be efficient markers for identifying response to chilling stress in postharvest fruit. The Fv/Fm values reflected the physiological damages endured by the fruit after cold storage, and PI was a sensitive marker for early changes in photosystem II function. These two parameters were early indicators of chilling response before occurrence of visible chilling injuries. Antioxidant activities and ascorbic acid content were significantly higher in the chilling-tolerant than the chilling-sensitive lines. Further, the expression of C-repeat/DREB binding factors (CBFs) genes swiftly changed within 1-hr of fruit exposure to the chilling temperature, and the SlCBF1 transcript level was generally higher in the chilling-tolerant than chilling-sensitive lines after 2-hr exposure to the low temperature. This research demonstrates the presence of potential genetic variation in fruit chilling tolerance in the tomato RIL population. Further investigation of the RIL population is underway to better understand the genetic, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms involved in postharvest fruit chilling tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan David
- Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elena Levin
- Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Elazar Fallik
- Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia
- Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Majid R. Foolad
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amnon Lers
- Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Yang G, Yan Z, Liu Y. Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction, Partial Characterization, and Antioxidant Potential of Polysaccharides from Sagittaria trifolia Tuber. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200219. [PMID: 35920791 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sagittaria trifolia tuber is an aquatic vegetable. In this work, microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MEE) was used to extract S. trifolia tuber polysaccharides (STTPs). Optimum conditions were complex enzyme of 2 %, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 : 1 mL g-1 , microwave power of 506 W, and time of 8 min, under which STTPs yield was 36.22±0.69 %, higher than those of other methods. STTPs were sulfated polysaccharides with sulfur valence of S6+ . STTPs comprised mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at a mole ratio of 3.69 : 19.33 : 6.21 : 1.00, molecular weights of 3606 kDa and 149.6 kDa, particle size of 220 nm, and zeta potential of -5.02 mV. The surface of STTPs was full of bumps and holes, and abundant in O1s and non-functionalized C1s. STTPs would scavenge reactive oxygen species with advantage. It would provide an efficient MEE method to obtain antioxidant STTPs, also a clue for extracting polysaccharides from starch-rich crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyue Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guihong Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
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Aboul-Soud MAM, Ennaji H, Kumar A, Alfhili MA, Bari A, Ahamed M, Chebaibi M, Bourhia M, Khallouki F, Alghamdi KM, Giesy JP. Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative Activity and Chemical Fingerprinting of Centaurea calcitrapa against Breast Cancer Cells and Molecular Docking of Caspase-3. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36009233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Centaurea calcitrapa has been intensively utilized in ethnomedicinal practices as a natural therapeutic recipe to cure various ailments. The current study aimed to chemically characterize ethanolic extract of C. calcitrapa (EECC) aerial parts (leaves and shoots) by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses (GC-MS) and investigate its antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism by use of flow cytometry-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and conducting in silico assessment of binding inhibitory activities of EECC major compounds docked to caspase-3. CG-MS profiling of EECC identified a total of 26 major flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds. DPPH and ABTS assays revealed that EECC exhibits potent antioxidant activity comparable to standard reducing agents. Results of the proliferation assay revealed that EECC exhibit potent, dose-dependent cytotoxic activities against triple-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell models, with IC50 values of 1.3 × 102 and 8.7 × 101 µg/mL, respectively. The observed cytotoxic effect was specific to studied cancer cells since EECC exhibited minimal (~<10%) cytotoxicity against MCF-12, a normal breast cell line. FACS analysis employing annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double labeling demonstrated that the observed anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 was mediated via apoptotic as well as necrotic signaling transduction processes. The increase in fluorescence intensity associated with DCFH oxidation to DCF, as reported by FACS, indicated that apoptosis is caused by generation of ROS. The use of caspase-3-specific fluorogenic substrate revealed a dose-dependent elevation in caspase-3 substrate-cleavage activity, which further supports EECC-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The major EECC compounds were examined for their inhibitory activity against caspase-3 receptor (1HD2) using molecular docking. Three compounds exhibited the highest glide score energy of −5.156, −4.691 and −4.551 kcal/mol, respectively. Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy established strong binding in caspase-3 receptor of hydrogenic type, with residue ARG 207 and of PI-PI stacking type with residue HIS 121. By contract, hexadecenoic acid showed 3 H-bond with the following residues: ASN 615, ASN 616a and THR 646. Taken together, the current findings reveal that EECC exhibits significant and specific cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells mediated by the generation of ROS and culminating into necrosis and apoptosis. Further investigations of the phytoconstituents-rich C. calcitrapa are therefore warranted against breast as well as other human cancer cell models.
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Szewczyk A, Brzezińska-Rojek J, Ośko J, Majda D, Prokopowicz M, Grembecka M. Antioxidant-Loaded Mesoporous Silica-An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071417. [PMID: 35883907 PMCID: PMC9312088 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dangerous effects of oxidative stress can be alleviated by antioxidants—substances with the ability to prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The adsorption of antioxidants onto nanocarriers is a well-known method that might protect them against rough environ-mental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption and desorption of gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) using commercially available mesoporous silica materials (MSMs), both parent (i.e., SBA-15 and MCM-41) and surface functionalized (i.e., SBA-NH2 and SBA-SH). The MSMs loaded with active compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermoporometry (TPM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-CAD) was used to evaluate the performance of the adsorption and desorption processes. The antioxidant potential was investigated using the Folin−Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method. Among the studied MSMs, the highest adsorption of GA was observed for amine-modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica. The adsorption capacity of SBA-NH2 increased in the order of PCA, 4-HBA < GA < CGA. Different desorption effectiveness levels of the adsorbed compounds were observed with the antioxidant capacity preserved for all investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Brzezińska-Rojek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.B.-R.); (J.O.)
| | - Justyna Ośko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.B.-R.); (J.O.)
| | - Dorota Majda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.B.-R.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.G.)
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El-Ghorab AH, Behery FA, Abdelgawad MA, Alsohaimi IH, Musa A, Mostafa EM, Altaleb HA, Althobaiti IO, Hamza M, Elkomy MH, Hamed AA, Sayed AM, Hassan HM, Aboseada MA. LC/MS Profiling and Gold Nanoparticle Formulation of Major Metabolites from Origanum majorana as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potentialities. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1871. [PMID: 35890504 PMCID: PMC9319600 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Origanum majoranum L. is a Lamiaceae medicinal plant with culinary and ethnomedical applications. Its biological and phytochemical profiles have been extensively researched. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of O. majoranum high features, as well as to search for techniques for activity optimization. A metabolomics study of the crude extract of O. majoranum using liquid chromatography-high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC ± HR ± ESI ± MS) was conducted. Five fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous) were derived from the total extract of the aerial parts. Different chromatographic methods and NMR analysis were utilized to purify and identify the isolated phenolics (high features). Moreover, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity of phenolics were performed. Results showed that metabolomic profiling of the crude extract of O. majoranum aerial parts revealed the presence of a variety of phytochemicals, predominantly phenolics, resulting in the isolation and identification of seven high-feature compounds comprising two phenolic acids, rosmarinic and caffeic acids, one phenolic diterpene, 7-methoxyepirosmanol, in addition to four flavonoids, quercetin, hesperitin, hesperidin, and luteolin. On the other hand, 7-methoxyepirosmanol (OM1) displayed the most antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Such a phenolic principal activity improvement seems to be established after loading on gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.E.-G.); (I.H.A.)
| | - Fathy A. Behery
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.E.-G.); (I.H.A.)
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hamza
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- National Research Centre, Microbial Chemistry Department, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. Aboseada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
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Urbizo-Reyes U, Kim KH, Reddivari L, Anderson JM, Liceaga AM. Oxidative Stress Protection by Canary Seed ( Phalaris canariensis L.) Peptides in Caco-2 Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122415. [PMID: 35745145 PMCID: PMC9227596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During oxidative stress, degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and certain cancers are likely to develop. Recent research on canary seed (Phalaris canariensis) peptides has demonstrated the high in vitro antioxidant potential. Thus, this study aimed to assess the cellular and in vivo antioxidant capacity of a low-molecular-weight (<3 kDa) canary seed peptide fraction (CSPF) using Caco-2 cells and the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results show that the CSPF had no cytotoxicity effect on Caco-2 cells at any tested concentration (0.3−2.5 mg/mL). Additionally, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of the CSPF was concentration-dependent, and the highest activity achieved was 80% by the CSPF at 2.5 mg/mL. Similarly, incubation with the CSPF significantly mitigated the acute and chronic oxidative damage, extending the lifespan of the nematodes by 88 and 61%, respectively. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the CSPF reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to safe levels after sub-lethal doses of pro-oxidant paraquat. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the CSPF increased the expression of oxidative-stress-response-related gene GST-4. Overall, these results show that the CSPFs relied on GST-4 upregulation and scavenging of free radicals to confer oxidative stress protection and suggest that a CSPF can be used as a natural antioxidant in foods for health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Urbizo-Reyes
- Protein Chemistry and Bioactive Peptides Laboratory, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.-H.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.-H.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.-H.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Joseph M. Anderson
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Liceaga
- Protein Chemistry and Bioactive Peptides Laboratory, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.-H.K.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Amarasiri SS, Attanayake AP, Mudduwa LKB, Jayatilaka KAPW. Asparagus falcatus L. (Asparagaceae) leaf extracts attenuate doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35637614 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The search for therapeutic agents that improve kidney function against doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity is important. Herein, the potential nephroprotective activity by Asparagus falcatus L. (AF, Asparagaceae) leaf extracts against doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity (5 mg/kg, ip) in Wistar rats (n = 6/group) after oral administration of hexane (55 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (35 mg/kg), butanol (75 mg/kg), and aqueous (200 mg/kg) extracts of AF for 28 consecutive days was investigated. It was noticed that the treatment with the selected extracts of AF significantly attenuated doxorubicin-induced elevations of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin, cystatin C, and proteinuria in experimental rats. The histology showed attenuation of the features of acute tubular injury. Treatment regimens significantly reversed the doxorubicin-induced reduction in total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in renal tissue homogenates. A suppression in lipid peroxidation was noted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts of AF. Moreover, a reduction in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α (p < 0.05), and immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 were observed. The immunohistochemical expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was decreased and the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 was increased in renal tissues following the treatments. In conclusion, it was revealed that, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts of AF attenuate doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity in Wistar rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. The plant, AF could be recommended as a promising therapeutic agent to minimize renal toxicity induced by doxorubicin in cancer patients, however, subsequent clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachinthi S Amarasiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Anoja P Attanayake
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmini K B Mudduwa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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Adomėnienė A, Venskutonis PR. Dioscorea spp.: Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties and Their Relation to Phytochemicals and Health Benefits. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082530. [PMID: 35458730 PMCID: PMC9026138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea, consisting of over 600 species, is the most important genus in the Dioscoreaceae family; however, the practically used plants, which are commonly called yam, are restricted to a remarkably smaller number of species. Numerous studies have reported the high nutritional value of yam, particularly as an alternative source of starch and some important micronutrients. Several Dioscorea species are widely used for various medicinal purposes as well. In many studies, the bioactivities and health benefits of Dioscorea extracts and other preparations have been related to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess antioxidant properties; they are related mainly to radical-scavenging capacity in chemical assays and positive effects on the endogenous antioxidant system in cell-based and in vivo assays. Considering the increasing number of publications on this topic and the absence of comprehensive and focused review papers on antioxidant potential, this article summarizes the results of studies on the antioxidant properties of Dioscorea spp. and their relation to phytochemicals and health benefits. A comprehensive survey of the published articles has revealed that the majority of studies have been performed with plant tubers (rhizomes, roots), while reports on leaves are rather scarce. In general, leaf extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant potential than tuber preparations. This may be related to the differences in phytochemical composition: saponins, phenanthrenes and, for some pigment-rich species (purple yams), anthocyanins are important constituents in tubers, while phenolic acids and flavonoids are characteristic phytochemicals in the leaves. The review may assist in explaining ethnopharmacological knowledge on the health benefits of Dioscorea plants and their preparations; moreover, it may foster further studies of poorly investigated species, as well as their wider application in developing new functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Ścibior A. Overview of Research on Vanadium-Quercetin Complexes with a Historical Outline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:790. [PMID: 35453475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review was conducted to gather the available literature on some issues related to vanadium-quercetin (V-QUE) complexes. It was aimed at collecting data from in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity, behavior, antioxidant properties, and radical scavenging power of V-QUE complexes. The analysis of relevant findings allowed summarizing the evidence for the antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic potential of V-QUE complexes and suggested that they could serve as pharmacological agents for diabetes and cancer. These data together with other well-documented biological properties of V and QUE (common for both), which are briefly summarized in this review as well, may lay the groundwork for new therapeutic treatments and further research on a novel class of pharmaceutical molecules with better therapeutic performance. Simultaneously, the results compiled in this report point to the need for further studies on complexation of V with flavonoids to gain further insight into their behavior, identify species responsible for their physiological activity, and fully understand their mechanism of action.
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Shnoudeh AJ, Qadumii L, Zihlif M, Al-Ameer HJ, Salou RA, Jaber AY, Hamad I. Green Synthesis of Gold, Iron and Selenium Nanoparticles Using Phytoconstituents: Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant and Biocompatibility Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041334. [PMID: 35209121 PMCID: PMC8875721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at fabricating gold (Au), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs) using various natural plant extracts from the Fertile Crescent area and evaluating their potential application as antioxidant and biocompatible agents to be used in the pharmaceutical field, especially in drug delivery. The Au-NPs were synthesized using Ephedra alata and Pistacia lentiscus extracts, whereas the Fe-NPs and Se-NPs were synthesized using peel, fruit and seed extracts of Punica granatum. The phytofabricated NPs were characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope technique showed that the synthesized NPs surface was spherical, and the particle size analysis confirmed a particle size of 50 nm. The crystalline nature of the NPs was confirmed by the XRD analysis. All synthesized NPs were found to be biocompatible in the fibroblast and human erythroleukemic cell lines. Se-NPs showed a dose-dependent antitumor activity as evidenced from the experimental results with breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. A dose-dependent, free-radical scavenging effect of the Au-NPs and Se-NPs was observed in the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, with the highest effect recorded for Au-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Jabra Shnoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (A.J.S.); (A.Y.J.)
| | - Lana Qadumii
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (L.Q.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.Z.); (H.J.A.-A.)
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.Z.); (H.J.A.-A.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Ruba Anwar Salou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (L.Q.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Abdulmutalleb Yousef Jaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (A.J.S.); (A.Y.J.)
| | - Islam Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-799-585-892
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Ha MC, Im DY, Park HS, Dhungana SK, Kim ID, Shin DH. Seed Treatment with Illite Enhanced Yield and Nutritional Value of Soybean Sprouts. Molecules 2022; 27:1152. [PMID: 35208942 PMCID: PMC8875372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean sprouts, a nutritional food product, can contribute to food security because they can be grown within a week and do not require sophisticated technology. The yield and quality of soybean sprouts are influenced by various factors, including seed priming and growing conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seed soaking in different concentrations of illite, a clay mineral, on the yield and quality of soybean sprouts. Soybean seeds soaked in five concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, w/v) of illite or tap water for 8 h were named IP-0.5, IP-1, IP3, IP-5, IP-10, and control, respectively. The highest sprout yield was found in IP-3, followed by IP-1, and IP-5, which had 11.1%, 8.8%, and 7.4% increments, respectively, compared to the control. The content of vitamin C, mineral element, isoflavone, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid was higher in many of the illite-treated soybean sprouts than in the control. The overall results indicated that pre-soaking soybean seeds in lower concentrations (0.5-3%, w/v) of illite could be helpful to enhance the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts in an easy and inexpensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chul Ha
- AOS Co. Ltd., Yongsan-myeon, Yeongdong-gun 29108, Korea; (M.-C.H.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Dong-Young Im
- Yeongdong County Office, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun 29140, Korea;
| | - Hung-Soo Park
- AOS Co. Ltd., Yongsan-myeon, Yeongdong-gun 29108, Korea; (M.-C.H.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea;
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- International Institute of Research & Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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63
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Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Hano C. Phytochemical Diversity and Antioxidant Potential of Natural Populations of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. throughout the Floristic Regions in Thailand. Molecules 2022; 27:681. [PMID: 35163946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asian lotus has long been consumed as a food and herbal drug that provides several health benefits. The number of studies on its biological activity is significant, but research at the population level to investigate the variation in phytochemicals and biological activity of each population which is useful for a more efficient phytopharmaceutical application strategy remains needed. This present study provided the frontier results to fill-in this necessary gap to investigating the phytopharmaceutical potential of perianth and stamen, which represent an important part for Asian traditional medicines, from 18 natural populations throughout Thailand by (1) determining their phytochemical profiles, such as total contents of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, and (2) determining the antioxidant activity of these natural populations using various antioxidant assays to examine different mechanisms. The result showed that Central is the most abundant floristic region. The stamen was higher in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, whereas perianth was higher in monomeric anthocyanin content. This study provided the first description of the significant correlation between phytochemical contents in perianth compared with stamen extracts, and indicated that flavonoids are the main phytochemical class. This analysis indicated that the stamen is a richer source of flavonoids than perianth, and provided the first report to quantify different flavonoids accumulated in stamen and perianth extracts under their native glycosidic forms at the population level. Various antioxidant assays revealed that major flavonoids from N. nucifera prefer the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism when quenching free radicals. The significant correlations between various phytochemical classes and the different antioxidant tests were noted by Pearson correlation coefficients and emphasized that the antioxidant capability of an extract is generally the result of complex phytochemical combinations as opposed to a single molecule. These current findings offer the alternative starting materials to assess the phytochemical diversity and antioxidant potential of N. nucifera for phytopharmaceutical sectors.
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Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Roszkowski P, Grosicka-Maciąg E, Strzyga-Łach P, Struga M. Effect of Hydroxyl Groups Esterification with Fatty Acids on the Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Flavones. Molecules 2022; 27:420. [PMID: 35056733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids due to low cytotoxicity in vitro studies are suggested as potential substances in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. We examined novel 6-hydroxy-flavanone and 7-hydroxy-flavone conjugates with selected fatty acids (FA) of different length and saturation and examined their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. Our findings indicate that the conjugation with FA affects the biological activity of both the original flavonoids. The conjugation of 6-hydroxy-flavanone increased its cytotoxicity towards prostate cancer PC3 cells. The most noticeable effect was found for oleate conjugate. A similar trend was observed for 7-hydroxy-flavone conjugates with the most evident effect for oleate and stearate. The cytotoxic potential of all tested conjugates was not specific towards PC3 because the viability of human keratinocytes HaCaT cells decreased after exposure to all conjugates. Additionally, we showed that esterification of the two flavonoids decreased their antioxidant activity compared to that of the original compounds. Of all the tested compounds, only 6-sorbic flavanone showed a slight increase in antioxidant potential compared to that of the original compound. Our data show that conjugated flavonoids are better absorbed and enhance cytotoxic effects, but the presence of FA lowered the antioxidant potential.
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Guo Y, Yan J, Su Z, Chang J, Yang J, Wei C, Zhang Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Li H. Abscisic Acid Mediates Grafting-Induced Cold Tolerance of Watermelon via Interaction With Melatonin and Methyl Jasmonate. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:785317. [PMID: 34975972 PMCID: PMC8719526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.785317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is widely used to increase plant defense responses to various stresses. Grafting-induced cold tolerance is associated with the increase of the antioxidant potential of plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that pumpkin rootstocks promote antioxidant enzyme activities and alleviate cold-induced oxidative damage, accompanied by increased abscisic acid (ABA), melatonin, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) levels in leaves. Increased ABA accumulation in leaves was attributed partly to the increased ABA levels in rootstocks. ABA induced antioxidant enzymes activities and the accumulation of melatonin and MeJA, while inhibition of ABA synthesis blocked the rootstock-induced antioxidant activity and the accumulation of melatonin and MeJA under cold stress. Melatonin and MeJA application also enhanced ABA accumulation in leaves after cold exposure, whereas inhibition of melatonin or MeJA synthesis attenuated the rootstock-induced increase of ABA. Moreover, melatonin and MeJA application alleviated cold-induced oxidative stress, but inhibition of melatonin or MeJA synthesis lowered the rootstock- or ABA-induced antioxidant potential and tolerance to cold. These findings indicate that ABA plays an important role in the grafting-induced cold tolerance by promoting the accumulation of melatonin and MeJA, which in turn, promote ABA accumulation, forming a positive feedback loop.
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66
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Wereńska M, Okruszek A, Haraf G, Wołoszyn J, Goluch Z. Impact of frozen storage on oxidation changes of some components in goose meat. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101517. [PMID: 34826743 PMCID: PMC8627968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the oxidation activity and lipid oxidation changes in breast (BM) and leg (LM) muscles from 17-wk-old female White Kołuda geese packaged in a vacuum, and stored in freezing conditions at −20°C. The geese were fed ad libitum during the experimental period (up to 17 wk) on the same complete feed. The samples of LM (n = 18) and BM (n = 18) from the right carcass were stored for 30, 90, 80, 270, and 365 d. Lipid oxidation was described by determining changes in: TBARS value expressing the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by DPPH and ABTS methods and total reduction potential (TRP) measured by FRAP method. Moreover, total heam pigments pigment (THP), relative concentration of myoglobin (Mb), oxymyoglobin (MbO2), and metmyoglobin (MMb) were determined in this study. Time of storage affected the TAC, TRP, TBARS, and the color stability of BM and LM. The THP concentration and Mb proportion decrease gradually during the 365 d of frozen storage, while the relative concentration of MMb increase in BM and LM. It was noted that the shares of MMb in both analyzed types of muscles stored for 365 d did not exceed 0.4. This value is considered to be the limit, after which the meat takes on an intense gray-brown color not accepted by the consumer. The oxidation processes occurring during frozen storage caused an increase of TBARS and a decrease of DPPH•, ABTS•+, FRAP values in both kinds of muscles. The amounts of TBARS during frozen storage of muscles did not exceed 2.0 mg MDA/kg of meat. A higher value of TBARS than 2.0 causes a lack of acceptance by consumers of the flavor profile. Based on the results concerning changes in the heam pigments, as well as changes related to the oxidation of lipids, we cannot unequivocally state in which types of muscles the changes had a more intense course.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wereńska
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345, Poland.
| | - A Okruszek
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345, Poland
| | - G Haraf
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345, Poland
| | - J Wołoszyn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345, Poland
| | - Z Goluch
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345, Poland
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Tamagno WA, Vanin AP, Sutorillo NT, Bilibio D, Dada RA, Colla LM, Zamberlan DC, Kaizer RR, Barcellos LJG. Fruit extract of red pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) prevents and reverses stress-induced impairments in the cholinergic and antioxidant systems of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13981. [PMID: 34698395 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The addition of fruit to the diet is very important, and we can use nutraceutical and functional foods for this supplement. A little-known fruit is a red pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) that has been widely reported to have a high antioxidant potential. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity of microencapsulated pitaya extract on the behavior, antioxidant, and nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The worms were treated with fruit extract before and after juglone-induced stress, to determine the protective or curative effects of pitaya. We have been evaluated cholinergic, antioxidant, and behavioral biomarkers. We have evidenced that the pulp of pitaya contains antioxidant compounds and can serve as a potential nutraceutical product. In addition, the fruit extract was effective in preventing and/or reverse the stress-induced damages, even at high levels of chemical stress at all evaluated parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The potential applications and uses aimed by this research are related to the supplementation of foods given the antioxidant effect. Our data suggested that the effect of the pitaya fruit microencapsulated pulp extract was effective to prevent and repair the damage caused by oxidative stress. Besides the use of this microencapsulated extract can be an auxiliary in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative damage as well as promoting senescent aging. Another important use is the application of this extract as a dietary supplement to fortify the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, City of Erechim, Brazil
| | - Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil
| | - Denise Bilibio
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil
| | - Renata Affeldt Dada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Coradini Zamberlan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Center of Natural and Exacts Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, City of Erechim, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Avarave S, Thomas J, Radha V, Altaff K. Synergistic protective effect of Camellia sinensis leaf buds and Camellia sinensis flowers against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and characterization of its bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4470-4474. [PMID: 34587826 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1984469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An effective antitumor drug like cisplatin has toxic effects leading to kidney injury. The authors investigated the nephroprotective action of C. sinensis leaf buds (CSB) and its flowers (CSF), both individually and in combined therapy against cisplatin-induced renal injury. Renal functional tests, oxidant, anti-oxidant and histopathology of kidney tissues are assessed. The major findings of the experiment is that the CSB and/or CSF ameliorate the successive conditions of (1) Renal dysfunction (Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and glucose, protein level present in the urine) (2) The degree of lipid peroxidation (3) Antioxidant enzyme suppression and (4) The destructive renal architecture associated with drug-induced renal toxicity. Result suggests that the combined therapy of CSB and CSF was highly effective when compared to monotherapy in the complete regeneration of destructive cells by drug effect and could be an addition of a new source to the pharmaceutical industry as antioxidant nutrition supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Avarave
- Algae Biomass Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Algae Biomass Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijayaraj Radha
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai, India
| | - Kareem Altaff
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai, India
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Pontes NHL, Reis TDDSD, Vasconcelos CFM, Aragão PDTTDD, Souza RB, Catunda Junior FEA, Aguiar LMV, Cunha RMSD. Impact of eugenol on in vivo model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:556-568. [PMID: 34424800 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1971662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in many pathological disturbs, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Eugenol (Eug) is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Then, this study was conducted to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Eug on oxidative stress model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. First, the in vivo oxidative stress model was performed by intrastriatal injection (int.) of 6-OHDA (21 µg), followed by the treatment of Eug (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg/7 d) per os (p.o.). On the 7 d, behavioral tests were performed. On the 8 d, all the animals were euthanasied and their cerebral areas were excised for neurochemical and transcriptional analyses. The results showed that the treatment with Eug promoted neuroprotective effects on in vivo through reducing of oxidative stress and modulation of genes related to antioxidant activity. Furthermore, animals treated with Eug demonstrated returning of behavioral performance and body weight gain to normal conditions. Thus, this study reports the neuroprotective effects of Eug against oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanne Hardy Lima Pontes
- Biotechnology Core of Sobral, State University of Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Sobral, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Franciney Moreira Vasconcelos
- Biotechnology Core of Sobral, State University of Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Teles Dourado de Aragão
- Biotechnology Core of Sobral, State University of Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Basto Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Salami SA, O'Grady MN, Luciano G, Priolo A, McGee M, Moloney AP, Kerry JP. Concentrate supplementation with dried corn gluten feed improves the fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis muscle from steers offered grass silage. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4768-4778. [PMID: 33502758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrate supplementation of a grass silage-based ration is a typical practice employed for indoor winter finishing of beef cattle in many temperate countries. Plant by-products, such as dried corn gluten feed (CGF), can be used to replace conventional feedstuffs in a concentrate supplement to enhance the sustainability of ruminant production systems and to improve meat quality. This study examined the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and sensory attributes of beef (longissimus thoracis muscle) from steers offered grass silage and concentrate supplements containing varying levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) of CGF substituted for barley / soybean meal. RESULTS Feeding 50%CGF decreased the protein content and increased intramuscular fat in comparison with 25%CGF. Total phenol content and iron-reducing antioxidant power followed the order: 0%CGF > 50%CGF and 25%CGF > 0%CGF = 50%CGF, respectively. Compared to 0%CGF, 25%CGF and 75%CGF decreased C14:0 and increased C22:2n-6, C20:5n-3 and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids whereas 75%CGF increased conjugated linoleic acids and C18:3n-3. Diet did not affect the oxidative stability and sensory attributes of beef patties. CONCLUSION The inclusion of up to 75%CGF in a supplementary concentrate for steers increased the proportion of health-promoting unsaturated fatty acids without negatively influencing the shelf-life and eating quality of longissimus thoracis muscle. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Salami
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michael N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mark McGee
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co., Meath, Ireland
| | - Aidan P Moloney
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co., Meath, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dhungana SK, Seo JH, Kang BK, Park JH, Kim JH, Sung JS, Baek IY, Shin SO, Jung CS. Protein, Amino Acid, Oil, Fatty Acid, Sugar, Anthocyanin, Isoflavone, Lutein, and Antioxidant Variations in Colored Seed-Coated Soybeans. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1765. [PMID: 34579299 PMCID: PMC8468453 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different physiological and genetic studies show that the variations in the accumulation of pigment-stimulating metabolites result in color differences in soybean seed coats. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient contents and antioxidant potential in black, brown, and green seed-coated soybeans. Significant variations in protein (38.9-43.3%), oil (13.9-20.4%), total sugar (63.5-97.0 mg/g seed), total anthocyanin (3826.0-21,856.0 μg/g seed coat), total isoflavone (709.5-3394.3 μg/g seed), lutein (1.9-14.8 μg/g), total polyphenol (123.0-385.8 mg gallic acid/100 g seed), total flavonoid (22.1-208.5 mg catechin/100 g seed), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS; 275.0-818.8 mg Trolox/100 g seed), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; 96.3-579.7 mg Trolox/100 g seed) were found among the soybean genotypes. Ilpumgeomjeong2 contained the lowest protein but the highest oil and total sugar. The lowest oil-containing Wonheug had the highest protein content. Socheong2 was rich in all four variables of antioxidants. Anthocyanins were detected only in black soybeans but not in brown and green soybeans. The variation in isoflavone content was up to 5-fold among the soybean genotypes. This study could be a valuable resource for the selection and improvement of soybean because an understanding of the nutrient content and antioxidant potentials is useful to develop effective strategies for improving the economic traits; for example, the major emphasis of soybean breeding for fatty acids is to enhance the oleic and linoleic acid contents and to decrease linolenic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Hyun Seo
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea; (S.K.D.); (B.-K.K.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-S.S.); (I.-Y.B.); (S.-O.S.); (C.-S.J.)
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Lv JM, Gouda M, Zhu YY, Ye XQ, Chen JC. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of Proanthocyanidins from Kiwi ( Actinidia chinensis) Leaves and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081317. [PMID: 34439565 PMCID: PMC8389255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultrasound (US) in proanthocyanidin (PA) extraction has become one of the important emerging technologies. It could be the next generation for studying the US mechnophore impact on the bioactive compound’s functionality. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential of US treatment on PAs extracted from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) leaves, and to provide a comprehensive chemical composition and bioactivity relationship of the purified kiwifruit leaves PAs (PKLPs). Several methods like single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) for the four affected factors on US extraction efficiency were constructed. HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, cytotoxicity analysis, and antioxidant activity were also demonstrated. In the results, the modeling of PA affected factors showed that 40% US-amplitude, 30 mL/g dry weight (DW) solvent to solid ration (S/S), and 70 °C for 15 min were the optimum conditions for the extraction of PAs. Furthermore, PKLPs exhibited significant radical scavenging and cellular antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study’s novelty comes from the broad prospects of using US in PKLP green extraction that could play an important role in maximizing this phytochemical functionality in drug discovery and food science fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Lv
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.-M.L.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Mostafa Gouda
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.-M.L.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (X.-Q.Y.)
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12422, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Yan-Yun Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.-M.L.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Xing-Qian Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.-M.L.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Jian-Chu Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.-M.L.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (X.-Q.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (J.-C.C.)
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Domaszewska K, Kryściak J, Podgórski T, Nowak A, Ogurkowska MB. The Impulse of Force as an Effective Indicator of Exercise Capacity in Competitive Rowers and Canoeists. J Hum Kinet 2021; 79:87-99. [PMID: 34400989 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to present the importance of measuring the impulse of force in assessing exercise capacity in professional rowers and canoeists rather than conducting traditional physiological and biochemical analyses. A group of 20 athletes (12 rowers and 8 canoeists) underwent progressive intensity exercise tests in two testing sessions (before and after a training period). During the tests, maximal aerobic capacity, impulse of strength, metabolic indices, and markers of skeletal muscle damage were assessed. Total testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, interleukin 1,6, and creatine kinase were evaluated in venous blood. The impulse of force at the ventilatory threshold and at the maximum load was correlated with free testosterone and a total testosterone/cortisol ratio during exercise (p ≤ 0.05) and was negatively correlated with cortisol concentration (p ≤ 0.05) in the first testing session (before training intervention). Values were positively correlated with concentration of total testosterone, free testosterone and total testosterone/cortisol, and free testosterone/cortisol ratios during exercise (p ≤ 0.05) in the second testing session (after training intervention). Biochemical indices of overtraining were correlated with maximum oxygen uptake in each session and with the impulse of force at the ventilatory threshold and the maximum load of exercise. Thus, there is an indirect relationship between maximal aerobic capacity and the impulse of force. The measurement of the impulse of force can become a simple and effective method for evaluating the overall exercise capacity of rowers because of its relationship with indices of the load and changes in hormonal indices of anabolic and catabolic processes during exercise. Therefore, it may constitute a replacement for the traditional laboratory measurement of VO2max in highly qualified rowers and canoeists.
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Hricovíniová Z, Mascaretti Š, Hricovíniová J, Čížek A, Jampílek J. New Unnatural Gallotannins: A Way toward Green Antioxidants, Antimicrobials and Antibiofilm Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1288. [PMID: 34439536 PMCID: PMC8389200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has been a source of inspiration for the development of new pharmaceutically active agents. A series of new unnatural gallotannins (GTs), derived from d-lyxose, d-ribose, l-rhamnose, d-mannose, and d-fructose have been designed and synthesized in order to study the protective and antimicrobial effects of synthetic polyphenols that are structurally related to plant-derived products. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. Apart from spectral analysis, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and iron reducing power (FRAP) assays. Antibacterial activity of compounds was tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (reference and control strains), three methicillin-resistant isolates of S. aureus, and three isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. For screening of antimycobacterial effect, a virulent isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two non-tuberculous mycobacteria were used. Furthermore, antibiofilm activity of structurally different GTs against S. aureus, and their ability to inhibit sortase A, were inspected. Experimental data revealed that the studied GTs are excellent antioxidants and radical-scavenging agents. The compounds exhibited only a moderate antibacterial effect against Gram-positive pathogens S. aureus and E. faecalis and were practically inactive against mycobacteria. However, they were efficient inhibitors and disruptors of S. aureus biofilms in sub-MIC concentrations, and interacted with the quorum-sensing system in Chromobacteriumviolaceum. Overall, these findings suggest that synthetic GTs could be considered as promising candidates for pharmacological, biomedical, consumer products, and for food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hricovíniová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Šárka Mascaretti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Š.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Jana Hricovíniová
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Alois Čížek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Š.M.); (J.J.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Saoudi M, Badraoui R, Chira A, Saeed M, Bouali N, Elkahoui S, Alam JM, Kallel C, El Feki A. The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:4875. [PMID: 34443463 PMCID: PMC8398921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) was investigated to assess its phenolic profile and bioactive molecules including flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. The antioxidant potential of AS and wound healing activity were addressed using skin wound healing and oxidative stress and inflammation marker estimation in rat models. Phytochemical and antiradical activities of AS extract (ASE) and oil (ASO) were studied. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I served as a control and was treated with simple ointment base, group II was treated with ASE ointment, group III was treated with ASO ointment and group IV (reference group; Ref) was treated with a reference drug "Cytolcentella® cream". Phytochemical screening showed that total phenols (215 ± 3.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (172.4 ± 3.1 mg QE/g) were higher in the ASO than the ASE group. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that ASO exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.136 ± 0.07 mg/mL), FRAP test (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS test (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In the wound healing study, topical application of ASO performed the fastest wound-repairing process estimated by a chromatic study, percentage wound closure, fibrinogen level and oxidative damage status, as compared to ASE, the Cytolcentella reference drug and the untreated rats. The use of AS extract and oil were also associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress damage in the wound-healing treated rats. Overall, the results provided that AS, particularly ASO, has a potential medicinal value to act as effective skin wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongi Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
- Section of Histology and Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chira
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Jahoor M. Alam
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Biology, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.B.); (S.E.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Choumous Kallel
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3054, Tunisia; (A.C.); (A.E.F.)
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Tabaszewska M, Antoniewska A, Rutkowska J, Skoczylas Ł, Słupski J, Skoczeń-Słupska R. Bioactive Components, Volatile Profile and In Vitro Antioxidative Properties of Taxus baccata L. Red Arils. Molecules 2021; 26:4474. [PMID: 34361625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the composition of bioactive compounds, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids and polyphenols, the volatile compound profile and the antioxidant activity of red arils (RAs) of Taxus baccata L. grown in diverse locations in Poland. Among the carotenoids assayed in high quantities (3.3-5.42 μg/g), the lycopene content (2.55-4.1 μg/g) was remarkably higher than that in many cultivated fruits. Samples collected from three sites were distinguished by higher amounts of ascorbic acid (125 mg/100 g, on average) than those found in many cultivated berries. Phenylpropanoids quantitatively dominated among the four groups of phenolic compounds. Chromatographic separation enabled the detection of two phenylpropanoid acids: ferulic and p-coumaric. Irrespectively of the growth site, RAs contained substantial amounts of (-)-epicatechin (1080 μg/100 g, on average). A higher ability to scavenge DPPH● and ABTS●+ radicals was found in the hydrophilic fraction of RAs from two sites (Warsaw and Koszalin) compared with the other two sites. The volatile compound profile of RAs was dominated by alcohols, followed by ketones, esters and aldehydes. The presence of some volatiles was exclusively related to the specific growth site, which may be regarded as a valuable indicator. The combination of bioactive and volatile compounds and the fairly good antioxidant potential of RAs render them an attractive source for preparing functional foods.
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Shaukat A, Nadeem M, Qureshi TM, Kanwal R, Sultan M, Kashongwe OB, Shamshiri RR, Murtaza MA. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Buffalo Milk Processed Cheddar Cheese. Foods 2021; 10:1661. [PMID: 34359531 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an in-vitro digestion protocol to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the peptides found in processed cheddar cheese using digestion enzymes. We first studied antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activities of processed cheddar cheese with the addition of spices e.g., cumin, clove, and black pepper made from buffalo milk and ripened for 9 months. Then we conducted an in vitro digestion of processed cheddar cheese by gastric and duodenal enzymes. Freeze-dried water (WSE) and ethanol-soluble fractions (ESE) of processed cheddar cheese were also monitored for their ACE inhibition activity and antioxidant activities. In our preliminary experiments, different levels of spices (cumin, clove, and black pepper) were tested into a cheese matrix and only one level 0.2 g/100 g (0.2%) based on cheese weight was considered good after sensory evaluation. Findings of the present study revealed that ACE-inhibitory potential was the highest in processed cheese made from buffalo milk with the addition of 0.2% cumin, clove, and black pepper. A significant increase in ACE-inhibition (%) of processed cheddar cheese, as well as its WSE and ESE, was obtained. Lower IC50 values were found after duodenal phase digestion compared to oral phase digestion.
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Farouk A, Mohsen M, Ali H, Shaaban H, Albaridi N. Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Volatile Constituents from Different Aromatic Lamiaceous Plants Cultivated in Madinah Monawara, Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144145. [PMID: 34299420 PMCID: PMC8308032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of volatile constituents, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking was conducted between essential oils from Mentha longifolia L., Mentha spicata L., and Origanum majorana L., widely cultivated in Madinah. The investigation of volatile oils extracted by hydrodistillation was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total number of 29, 42, and 29 components were identified in M. longifolia, M. spicata, and O. majorana representing, respectively, 95.91, 94.62, and 98.42, of the total oils. Pulegone (38.42%), 1,8-cineole (15.60%), menthone (13.20%), and isopulegone (9.81%) were the dominant compounds in M. longifolia oil; carvone (35.14%), limonene (27.11%), germacrene D (4.73%), and β-caryophyllene (3.02%) were dominant in M. spicata oil; terpin-4-ol (42.47%), trans-sabinene hydrate (8.52%), γ-terpinene (7.90%), α-terpineol (7.38%), linalool (6.35%), α-terpinene (5.42%), and cis-sabinene hydrate (3.14%) were dominant in O. majorana oil. The antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH free radical–scavenging and ABTS assays, was found to be the highest in O. majorana volatile oil, followed by M. spicata and M. longifolia, which is consistent with the differences in total phenolic content and volatile constituents identified in investigated oils. In the same context, molecular docking of the main identified volatiles on NADPH oxidase showed a higher binding affinity for cis-verbenyl acetate, followed by β-elemene and linalool, compared to the control (dextromethorphan). These results prove significant antioxidant abilities of the investigated oils, which may be considered for further analyses concerning the control of oxidative stress, as well as for their use as possible antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Farouk
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1092327777
| | - Mohamed Mohsen
- Madinah Region Municipality-Quality Agency-Food and Environment Laboratory, P.O. Box 4952, Al-Madina Al-Munawara 41412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hatem Ali
- Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Shaaban
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Najla Albaridi
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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Hematian Sourki A, Ghani A, Kiani F, Alipour A. Phytochemical profiles of lemon verbena ( Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) and its potential application to cookie enrichment. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3100-3113. [PMID: 34136175 PMCID: PMC8194944 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, phytochemical properties of lemon verbena and oxidative stability of the fat component in cookies (contain lemon verbena powder and EO) were investigated. The essential oil (EO) profile and polyphenol compounds were identified by GC/MS and HPLC, respectively. Different concentrations of lemon verbena powder and EO were added to the cookies in comparison with TBHQ. The oxidative stability of fat component in cookies (peroxide value, p-Anisidine, TOTOX value), along with the physicochemical (pH, acidity, weight loss, and moisture content) and sensory properties of the cookies were evaluated over a period of 6 months during storage at room temperature. The main constituents of EO are geranial (27.21%), neral (20.01%), spathulenol (7.28%), and limonene, while trans-Ferulic acid (6.71 mg/g), Hesperidin (1.87 mg/g), and ρ-Coumaric acid (0.04 mg/g) were measured as main phenolic compounds. The peroxide value increased in all samples for the first 2 months of storage and then decreased as hydroperoxide was converted to secondary oxidation products. The p-Anisidine value increased in all samples during storage. This parameter was lower in cookies containing lemon verbena EO and TBHQ treatments. Sensory evaluations of cookies showed that lemon verbena EO had positive effects on the aroma and taste of cookies during storage, whereas lemon verbena powder had adverse effects on mouthfeel and consumer acceptance. The results showed that lemon verbena can increase the eating quality, prolong the shelf life, and maintain the integrity of bakery products with high-fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Askar Ghani
- Department of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgricultureJahrom UniversityJahromIran
| | - Farzaneh Kiani
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Azar Alipour
- Department of Food Safety and HygieneSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical ScienceYazdIran
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Pawłowicz K, Ludowicz D, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Wdowiak K, Cielecka-Piontek J. Analysis of the Composition of Lyophilisates Obtained from Aloe arborescens Gel of Leaves of Different Ages from Controlled Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:3204. [PMID: 34071863 PMCID: PMC8198272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the composition of lyophilisates obtained from Aloe arborescens leaf gel at the age of one to four years. The leaves were obtained from controlled crops, which allowed to exclude environmental factors as variables. It was confirmed that the lyophilisates obtained from different years of Aloe arborescens leaf gel varied in chromatographic analyses in terms of aloin A and aloenin A content (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection HPLC-DAD, high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection HPLC-MS/MS). Similarly, while testing the phenolic acids and the sum of polyphenols content, differences in their levels in leaf gel lyophilisates from plants of individual years were observed (spectrophotometric method UV-VIS). The lyophilisate composition analysis showed that the one-year-old leaves were characterized by the highest content of aloin A and aloenin A. While the content of polyphenols, including phenolic acids, was higher in the leaves of older plants. The antioxidant potential of the tested lyophilisates was assessed simultaneously. Regardless of the research model used (CUPRAC, DPPH, ABTS), an antioxidant effect was noted for Aloe arborescens leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Pawłowicz
- Phytopharm Klęka S.A., Klęka 1, 63-040 Nowe Miasto nad Warta, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Dominika Ludowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (K.W.)
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Hashimoto M, Matsuzaki K, Hossain S, Ito T, Wakatsuki H, Tanabe Y, Ohno M, Kato S, Yamashita K, Shido O. Perilla Seed Oil Enhances Cognitive Function and Mental Health in Healthy Elderly Japanese Individuals by Enhancing the Biological Antioxidant Potential. Foods 2021; 10:1130. [PMID: 34069601 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in age-associated cognitive decline. We recently reported that dietary intake of perilla seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3, ω-3), helps in maintaining good mental health in adults. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary PO intake on cognitive functions and mental health in healthy, elderly Japanese individuals. Seventy-five healthy volunteers aged 64–84 years were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a PO-administered group. At baseline and at 12 months of intervention, cognitive function, mental health condition, fatty acid profile of the red blood cell plasma membranes (RBC-PM), and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results showed that serum biological antioxidant potential and LNA levels in the RBC-PM at 12 months after the trial were significantly higher in the PO group compared to the control group. Further, both the cognitive function measures, as evaluated by the Frontal Assessment Battery test and the apathy scores, tended to be improved after 12 months in the PO group. Our results demonstrate that dietary PO intake enhances the antioxidant potential and prevents the age-related cognitive and mental decline in healthy elderly individuals by enhancing the blood LNA levels.
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Gonzalez de Mejia E, Castañeda-Reyes ED, Mojica L, Dia V, Wang H, Wang T, Johnson LA. Potential Health Benefits Associated with Lunasin Concentration in Dietary Supplements and Lunasin-Enriched Soy Extract. Nutrients 2021; 13:1618. [PMID: 34065911 PMCID: PMC8150303 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin has demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties. The objectives were to evaluate the concentration of lunasin in different lunasin-based commercial dietary supplements, to produce a lunasin-enriched soy extract (LESE) using a two-step pilot-plant-based ultrafiltration process, and to evaluate their biological potential in vitro. LESE was produced using 30 and 1 kDa membranes in a custom-made ultrafiltration skid. Lunasin was quantified in eight products and LESE. Lunasin concentrations of the lunasin-based products ranged from 9.2 ± 0.6 to 25.7 ± 1.1 mg lunasin/g protein. The LESE extract contained 58.2 mg lunasin/g protein, up to 6.3-fold higher lunasin enrichment than lunasin-based dietary supplements. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 121.5 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g in Now® Kids to 354.4 mmol TE/g in LESE. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition ranged from 5.3% on Soy Sentials® to 38.3% on synthetic lunasin. ORAC and lunasin concentrations were positively correlated, and HAT and lunasin concentrations were negatively correlated (p < 0.05). Melanoma B16-F10 and A375 cells treated with lunasin showed dose-dependent inhibitory potential (IC50 equivalent to 330 and 370 μM lunasin, respectively). Lunasin showed protein kinase B expression (57 ± 14%) compared to the control (100%) in B16-F10. Lunasin concentration found in commercial products and lunasin-enriched soy extract could exert benefits to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (E.D.C.-R.); (L.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Erick Damian Castañeda-Reyes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (E.D.C.-R.); (L.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (E.D.C.-R.); (L.M.); (V.D.)
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C., CIATEJ, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Vermont Dia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (E.D.C.-R.); (L.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (T.W.); (L.A.J.)
| | - Toni Wang
- Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (T.W.); (L.A.J.)
| | - Lawrence A. Johnson
- Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (T.W.); (L.A.J.)
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Martins VDC, Santiago MCPDA, Pacheco S, Borguini RG, Souza MDC, de Carvalho MG, Godoy RLDO. Myrcia eriopus DC. (Myrtaceae) fruits, a new endemic Brazilian source of bioactive anthocyanins. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2853-2858. [PMID: 33949267 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1919106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myrcia eriopus DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native and endemic Brazilian species, and there is no information about its chemical composition. In our study, five different anthocyanins and two other phenolic compounds were described for the first time in M. eriopus fruits. Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (1), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (2), petunidin 3-O-glucoside (3), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (4), malvidin 3-O-glucoside (5), gallic acid (6) and myricetin (7) were identified by offline system RP-HPLC-DAD/ESI-QTOF-MS and compared to the scientific literature. Furthermore, the lyophilized powder of M. eriopus fruits showed a high anthocyanin content (1878.14 mg cy-3-glu eqv/100 g f.w.), with greater levels of compounds 1 and 3, and an antioxidant potential in DPPH and ABTS assays (EC50 2419 μg/mL and 339 μmol Trolox/g f.w.), results superior to other non-conventional Brazilian fruits. This first report about the chemical composition of M. eriopus fruit reveals the potential of this fruit as a new source of bioactive anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de Carvalho Martins
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Pacheco
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Galhardo Borguini
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Souza
- Herbário RBR, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Sharma M, Bhat R. Extraction of Carotenoids from Pumpkin Peel and Pulp: Comparison between Innovative Green Extraction Technologies (Ultrasonic and Microwave-Assisted Extractions Using Corn Oil). Foods 2021; 10:foods10040787. [PMID: 33917570 PMCID: PMC8067522 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments improve aesthetic value as well as antioxidant potential of a food product. This study was designed to determine the effects of green extraction techniques on carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of pulp and peel of two varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Innovative green extractions (IGE; Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extractions) synergised with corn oil (used as green solvent) were compared with conventional extraction (CE; hexane/isopropyl alcohol; 60:40, v/v). Results showed total carotenoids to be almost double on employing IGE (PM2-UAE-peel = 38.03 ± 4.21; PM4-UAE-peel = 33.78 ± 1.76 µg/g) when compared to conventional extraction (PM2-CE-peel = 19.21 ± 4.39; PM4-CE-peel = 16.21 ± 2.52 µg/g). Polyphenolic contents ranged between 510.69 ± 5.50 and 588.68 ± 7.26 mg GAE/100 g of extract in IGE, compared with conventional extracts (269.50 ± 2.17 to 318.46 ± 6.60 mg GAE/100 g) and percent inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranging between 88.32 ± 1.51 and 93.53 ± 0.30% in IGE when compared with conventional extraction (50.61 ± 1.44 to 57.79 ± 2.09%). Further, oxidative stability of carotenoids extracts from IGE (protection factor = 1.59 ± 0.01 to 1.81 ± 0.05) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than conventional extracts. Based on results, this study supports the use of innovative green extraction techniques to obtain bioactive pigments like carotenoids. It is anticipated that results generated will find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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85
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Pokrzywa P, Cieślik E, Surma M. Effect of cereal products supplementation with american blueberries, cranberries and cinnamon on the formation of type A and B trichothecenes group. Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:72-80. [PMID: 33775070 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/116903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins - secondary mould metabolites with undesirable effects for humans - are common in the environment. These toxins are mainly produced by fungi of the genera Penicilium, Aspergillus and Fusarium. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of various sources of antioxidants (blueberries lyophilisate, cranberries lyophilisate and cinnamon powder), at 5 different concentrations (3%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%), to inhibit the formation of mycotoxins during the storage of cereal products. Analysed cereal samples included selected cereal grains, bran and cereal products intended for consumption by children. RESULTS The results showed that supplementation of oat brans with the highest concentrations of blueberry lyophilisate resulted in a significant decrease in the mycotoxins levels; specifically: 20% concentration reduced the level of HT-2 toxin by 10.7% in one sample, while 30% concentration reduced it by 9.4% and 17.4% in 2 other samples. A similar result was measured for oat bran samples supplemented with the cranberry lyophilisate: specifically, 20% concentration significantly reduced the level of HT-2 toxin by 10.6% in one sample, while 30% concentration reduced it by an average of 18.0% ± 6,0% in 5 other samples. Finally, cinnamon powder supplementation caused a significant reduction in HT-2 levels in all stored samples, even at its lowest concentration. 30% supplementation resulted in HT-2 reduction in cereal samples by 67.1% - 76.1%, in wheat bran samples by 57.5% - 69.2%, in oat bran samples by 83.4% - 87.0% and by 55.0% - 100% in samples of cereal products intended for consumption by children. CONCLUSIONS Natural products used in the experiment (blueberry, cranberry, cinnamon) inhibited the formation of mycotoxins from the group of trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pokrzywa
- Regional Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Department of Food Hygiene, Nutrition and Teaching Processes, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Cieślik
- Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surma
- Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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86
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Kowalska K, Dembczyński R, Gołąbek A, Olkowicz M, Olejnik A. ROS Modulating Effects of Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Polyphenols on Obese Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030885. [PMID: 33803343 PMCID: PMC7999824 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and dysregulated adipocytokine secretion accompanying hypertrophied adipose tissue induce chronic inflammation, which leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction. The present study investigated the ability of anthocyanin (ACN) and non-anthocyanin polyphenol (PP) fractions from lingonberry fruit to mitigate adipose tissue hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study showed that the PP fraction decreased intracellular ROS generation in hypertrophied adipocytes by enhancing antioxidant enzyme expression (SOD2) and inhibiting oxidant enzyme expression (NOX4, iNOS). Moreover, PP and ACN fractions reduced triglyceride content in adipocytes accompanied by downregulation of the expression of lipogenic genes such as aP2, FAS, and DAGT1. Treatment with both fractions modulated the mRNA expression and protein secretion of key adipokines in hypertrophied adipocytes. Expression and secretion of leptin and adiponectin were, respectively, down- and upregulated. Furthermore, PP and ACN fractions alleviated the inflammatory response in TNF-α-induced HUVECs by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, SELE). The obtained results suggest that consuming polyphenol-rich lingonberry fruit may help prevent and treat obesity and endothelial dysfunction due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Radosław Dembczyński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Agata Gołąbek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (R.D.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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87
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Butt MS, Imran M, Imran A, Arshad MS, Saeed F, Gondal TA, Shariati MA, Gilani SA, Tufail T, Ahmad I, Rind NA, Mahomoodally MF, Islam S, Mehmood Z. Therapeutic perspective of thymoquinone: A mechanistic treatise. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1792-1809. [PMID: 33747489 PMCID: PMC7958532 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher utilization of fruits and vegetables is well known to cure human maladies due to the presence of bioactive components. Among these compounds, thymoquinone, a monoterpene and significant constituent in the essential oil of Nigella sativa L., has attained attention by the researchers due to their pharmacologies perspectives such as prevention from cancer, antidiabetic and antiobesity, prevention from oxidative stress and cardioprotective disorder. Thymoquinone has been found to work as anticancer agent against different human and animal cancer stages including propagation, migration, and invasion. Thymoquinone as phytochemical also downregulated the Rac1 expression, mediated the miR-34a upregulation, and increased the levels of miR-34a through p53, as well as also regulated the pro- and antiapoptotic genes and decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IKKα/β. In addition, thymoquinone also lowered the metastasis and ERK1/2 and PI3K activities. The present review article has been piled by adapting narrative review method and highlights the diverse aspects of thymoquinone such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging through various pathways, and further utilization of this compound in diet has been proven effective against different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home SciencesNational Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUAFFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tanweer Aslam Gondal
- School of Exercise and NutritionFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVic.Australia
| | | | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Nadir Ali Rind
- Department of molecular Biology and GeneticsShaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversityShaheed BenazirabadPakistan
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of MauritiusRéduitMauritius
| | - Saiful Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Zaffar Mehmood
- School of life SciencesForman Christian College (A Chartered University)LahorePakistan
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Maalej H, Maalej A, Affes S, Hmidet N, Nasri M. A Novel Digestive α-Amylase from Blue Crab ( Portunus segnis) Viscera: Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Application for the Improvement of Antioxidant Potential of Oat Flour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1070. [PMID: 33499004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the purification and characterization of a digestive α-amylase from blue crab (Portunussegnis) viscera designated Blue Crab Amylase (BCA). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and Sepharose mono Q anion exchange chromatography, with the final purification fold of 424.02, specific activity of 1390.8 U mg−1 and 27.8% recovery. BCA, showing a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa, possesses desirable biotechnological features, such as optimal temperature of 50 °C, interesting thermal stability which is enhanced in the presence of starch, high stability towards surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100), high specific activity, quite high storage and broad pH range stability. The enzyme displayed Km and Vmax values, of 7.5 ± 0.25 mg mL−1 and 2000 ± 23 μmol min−1 mg−1 for potato starch, respectively. It hydrolyzed various carbohydrates and produced maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as the major end products of starch hydrolysis. In addition, the purified enzyme was successfully utilized for the improvement of the antioxidant potential of oat flour, which could be extended to other cereals. Interestingly, besides its suitability for application in different industrial sectors, especially food industries, the biochemical properties of BCA from the blue crab viscera provide novel features with other marine-derived enzymes and better understanding of the biodegradability of carbohydrates in marine environments, particularly in invasive alien crustaceans.
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89
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Hricovíniová J, Hricovíniová Z, Kozics K. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and DNA-Protective Potential of 2,3-Substituted Quinazolinones: Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E610. [PMID: 33435390 PMCID: PMC7828088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of antioxidant compounds that counteract the mutagenic effects caused by the direct action of reactive oxygen species on DNA molecule is of considerable interest. Therefore, a series of 2,3-substituted quinazolinone derivatives (Q1-Q8) were investigated by different assays, and the relationship between their biological properties and chemical structure was examined. Genotoxicity and the potential DNA-protective effects of Q1-Q8 were evaluated by comet assay and DNA topology assay. Antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH-radical-scavenging, reducing-power, and total antioxidant status (TAS) assays. The cytotoxic effect of compounds was assessed in human renal epithelial cells (TH-1) and renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1) by MTT assay. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship disclosed significant differences in the activity depending on the substitution pattern. Derivatives Q5-Q8, bearing electron-donating moieties, were the most potent members of this series. Compounds were not genotoxic and considerably decreased the levels of DNA lesions induced by oxidants (H2O2, Fe2+ ions). Furthermore, compounds exhibited higher cytotoxicity in Caki-1 compared to that in TH-1 cells. Substantial antioxidant effect and DNA-protectivity along with the absence of genotoxicity suggested that the studied quinazolinones might represent potential model structures for the development of pharmacologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hricovíniová
- Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Hricovíniová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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90
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Ahsan S, Khaliq A, Chughtai MFJ, Nadeem M, Tahir AB, Din AA, Ntsefong GN, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Yessimbekov Z, Thiruvengadam M. Technofunctional quality assessment of soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:172-182. [PMID: 33398897 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current research work was carried out to evaluate the effect of three different varieties (NARC-II, Williams 82, Ajmeri) of soybean along with single and coculture impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on fermented soymilk. The periodically microbial and antioxidative activities of fermented soymilk were analyzed during the storage of 24 days. Moreover, the effect of fermentation on rheological and structural changes was examined along with isoflavone contents in fermented soymilk. Viability of cells and antioxidative activities were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fermented soymilk using mixed cultures. The rheological attributes demonstrated higher viscosity in coculture fermented soymilk. Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that the growth characteristic of L. casei has a relatively more uniform texture and smaller pore size in comparison to L. acidophilus. Nevertheless, the combination of cultures exhibited precise pore formation with stronger cross-links of soybean protein throughout the structure. Assessment of isoflavones exhibited higher values, for daidzein (20.87 ppm) in comparison to genistein (6.57 ppm), in Ajmeri-based coculture soymilk. Conclusively, L. casei and L. acidophilous exhibited considerable antioxidant potential in the development of viscous, less porous, and rich in bioactive metabolites fermented soymilk, when used in combination and among varieties Ajmeri results it was the top of all. This suggests that the process evidence in this study could be recommended for high-quality soymilk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Ahsan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khaliq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Assam Bin Tahir
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Alaud Din
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1 and Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan.,K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University (MSUTM), Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russian Federation.,A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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91
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Sharma G, Sharma N, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Nah SY, Yoneda Y, Shin EJ, Kim HC. Protective Potential of Ginkgo biloba Against an ADHD-like Condition. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 14:200-209. [PMID: 32329705 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200424152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder commonly found in children, which is recognized by hyperactivity and aggressive behavior. It is known that the pathophysiology of ADHD is associated with neurobiological dysfunction. Although psychostimulants are recognized as the therapeutic drugs of choice for ADHD patients, the side effects might be of great concern. Ginkgo biloba is a promising herbal, complementary supplement that may modulate the neuronal system in an ADHD-like condition. The beneficial effect of Ginkgo biloba on ADHD-like symptoms may be related to the modulation of the system by novel molecular mechanisms. Ginkgo biloba is known to modulate dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine signaling. Flavonoid glycosides and terpene trilactones are the two major phytochemical components present in the Ginkgo biloba preparations, which can exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The pharmacological mechanisms of the phytochemical components may also contribute to the neuroprotective activity of Ginkgo biloba. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the potential of various Ginkgo biloba preparations to treat ADHD-like symptoms. In addition, we have discussed the pharmacological mechanisms mediated by Ginkgo biloba against an ADHD-like condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
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92
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Slavova-Kazakova A, Angelova S, Fabbri D, Antonietta Dettori M, Kancheva VD, Delogu G. Antioxidant properties of novel curcumin analogues: A combined experimental and computational study. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13584. [PMID: 33340138 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The multi-target activity of curcumin makes it a promising pharmacological lead for structural modifications focused on the preparation of new better therapeutics with improved bioavailability. A possible modification is to "decompose" the parent curcumin structure into constituent units and to build up curcumin analogues with biphenyl structural moiety. The antioxidant properties of the so-called "monomers" (m1-m3) and "dimers" (d1-d3) are studied experimentally and computationally. Their protective effects as chain-breaking antioxidants are investigated for the individual compounds and in binary/ternary compositions with α-tocopherol (TOH) and ascorbyl palmitate (AscPH). All monomers manifest significant synergism up to 70% in mixtures with TOH. Synergistic effects are found for the ternary compositions of monomeric analogues upon addition to the binary mixture of standard antioxidants (TOH + AscPH). Dimers with biphenyl skeleton manifest a lower potential in compositions under lipid oxidation conditions. DFT computations provide a detailed insight into the structure and antiradical properties of the curcumin analogues and standard antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bioactive compounds in the diet play a crucial role in the prevention of numerous diseases in whose pathogenesis oxidative stress is well known to be involved. Therefore, enhancement of the antioxidant status of the biological target is often helpful. Two of the monomers studied are considered leading agents in the treatment or prophylaxis of smooth muscle disorders and are useful in the maintenance of the normal gut function- as a calmative for the gut and to ease upset stomach. We hypothesized that the presence of a biphenyl scaffold in the parent molecular structure can enhance the biological activity. Equimolar mixtures of TOH with studied compounds have potential application in food chemistry and medicine. A composition comprising the active agent and additional components (strong conventional antioxidants) may be administered in foodstuffs, as a food supplement, beverage supplement, or as a pharmaceutical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Slavova-Kazakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Angelova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Davide Fabbri
- CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Vessela D Kancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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93
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Starzyńska-Janiszewska A, Duliński R, Stodolak B. Fermentation with Edible Rhizopus Strains to Enhance the Bioactive Potential of Hull-Less Pumpkin Oil Cake. Molecules 2020; 25:E5782. [PMID: 33302391 PMCID: PMC7762570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation with food-grade fungal strains can be applied to enhance the bioactive parameters of agro-industrial by-products. Tempe-type fermentation can be adapted to various substrates, but the key factor is the appropriate strain selection. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of Rhizopus strains for obtaining products of improved antioxidant activity from pumpkin oil cake. For this purpose, substances reacting with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, with free radical scavenging potential, as well as reducing power were assessed. The effect of the fermentation on the phytate level and inositol phosphate profile in the material was also monitored. The fermentation resulted in the significant enhancement of the antioxidant potential of pumpkin oil cake in the case of all the strains tested, but the most efficient one was R. oligosporus ATCC 64063. During the course of fermentation, the level of phytate in the material decreased (the highest reduction rate was observed in the oil cake fermented with R. oryzae CBS 372.63), while peptides and fungal glucosamine were accumulated. Tempe-type fermentation can be considered as an alternative way of improving the bioactive parameters of pumpkin oil cake and, thanks to the various activities of different Rhizopus strains, it is possible to obtain products of desired parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska-Janiszewska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (R.D.); (B.S.)
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94
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Matłok N, Piechowiak T, Zardzewiały M, Gorzelany J, Balawejder M. Effects of Ozone Treatment on Microbial Status and the Contents of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Origanum majorana L. Plants. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1637. [PMID: 33255448 PMCID: PMC7761249 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the effects of ozone treatment on microbial status and contents of selected bioactive compounds in marjoram plants. Origanum majorana L. is a widely used plant which in the course of production is affected by microbial infections. One of the ways to reduce microbial load involves application of a strong oxidant, such as ozone. In order to determine the effects of ozonation, a number of analyses were carried out including microbiological tests (aerobic colony count, yeast and mould count, and mesophilic lactic acid bacteria count) and chemical tests assessing total antioxidant potential, total polyphenols, and volatile fraction composition. Ultimately, the findings showed considerable (6-log) reduction in microbial load, with unchanged composition of headspace volatile compounds. Furthermore, the raw material obtained presented elevated the contents of the selected bioactive compounds. It was shown that the most beneficial effects are achieved when ozone treatment is applied at a rate of 1 ppm for a duration of 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matłok
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Miłosz Zardzewiały
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Józef Gorzelany
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
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95
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Mahindrakar KV, Rathod VK. Antidiabetic potential evaluation of aqueous extract of waste Syzygium cumini seed kernel's by in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:589-598. [PMID: 33185507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1839908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini, owing to higher bioactive constituents, its parts principally kernels are used for the antidiabetic purpose since the olden days. The current manuscript illustrated batch extraction of phenolic compounds from S. cumini using a stirred extractor. The yields 0.61 mg/g, 35.9 mg/g, 79.89 mg GAE/g, and 7.29 mg CE/g of catechin, gallic acid, TPC and TFC, respectively, were obtained in 105 min. at 1:20 SCKP to water, 50 ± 2 °C temperature, 4 pH, at 250 rpm and 106 µm particle size of SCKP. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the obtained aqueous extract was carried out by DPPH, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The IC50 values of SCKP aqueous extract obtained were 12.97, 9.03, and 7.13 µg/mL for DPPH scavenging, inhibition of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, respectively. The cost required to extract 1 kg of catechin, gallic acid, TPC, and TFC was Rs 6691.6, 113.7, 51.1, and 559.93/-, respectively. Stirred batch extraction technique manifests traditional but simple, ecofriendly, and efficient compared to other traditional techniques. The output of this research bestows support to utilize the SCKP stirred batch extract as a promising source of antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds in ayurvedic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal V Mahindrakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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96
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Granica S, Korona-Glowniak I, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies on Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) Microshoot Cultures Grown in RITA ® Temporary Immersion Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225257. [PMID: 33187324 PMCID: PMC7696031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA® bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis and Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-5436
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97
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Kopec W, Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Biazik E, Pudlo A, Korzeniowska M, Hikawczuk T, Skiba T. Antioxidative Characteristics of Chicken Breast Meat and Blood after Diet Supplementation with Carnosine, L-histidine, and β-alanine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1093. [PMID: 33171823 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to test the effect of diets supplemented with β-alanine, L-histidine, and carnosine on the histidine dipeptide content and the antioxidative status of chicken breast muscles and blood. One-day-old Hubbard Flex male chickens were assigned to five treatments: control diet (C) and control diet supplemented with 0.18% L-histidine (ExpH), 0.3% β-alanine (ExpA), a mix of L-histidine\β-alanine (ExpH+A), and 0.27% carnosine (ExpCar). After 28 days, chicken breast muscles and blood samples were analyzed for the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), carnosine and anserine content, amino acid profile, and anti-radical activity (ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The results of the study showed that carnosine supplementation effectively increased body weight and breast muscle share in chicken carcasses. Carnosine and L-histidine supplementation with or without β-alanine increased carnosine content in chicken breast muscles up to 20% (p = 0.003), but the boost seems to be too low to affect the potential antioxidant capacity and amino acid content. The β-alanine-enriched diet lowered dipeptide concentration in chicken blood serum (p = 0.002) and activated catalase in chicken breast muscles in relation to the control group (p = 0.003). It can be concluded that histidine or dipeptide supplementation of chicken diets differently affected the total antioxidant potential: in breast muscles, it increased dipeptide content, while in blood cell sediment (rich in erythrocytes), increased SOD and GPx activities were observed.
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98
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Fakhfakh J, Athmouni K, Mallek-Fakhfakh H, Ayedi H, Allouche N. Polysaccharide from Lycium arabicum: Structural Features, in Vitro Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Human Erythrocytes. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000614. [PMID: 33084194 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, a water-soluble polysaccharide (LAP) isolated from the fruits of Lycium arabicum was investigated. LAP contains carbohydrates (82.45±1.23 %), protein (1.56±0.21 %), and uronic acids (3.56±0.34 %). The analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed the presence of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose in a molar ratio of 4.7 : 1.5 : 1 : 8.7 : 16.4 : 5.6. The extracted polysaccharide (PS) was considered as heterogeneous and highly branched by interpreting its GC/MS, FT-IR and NMR data. Crystallinity of LAP was inferred from its X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. LAP exhibited an interesting stability at high temperatures (∼254 °C) and in a wide range of pH (3-9) deduced, respectively, from its DSC and zeta potential analysis. LAP displayed a strong antioxidant activity at low concentrations evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity power (FRAP), free radical scavenging ability, superoxide radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging abilities. Inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid peroxidation was also assessed. In 5 h, LAP treatment allowed the protection of the damaged erythrocytes caused by AAPH (2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), to reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as to increase the reduced glutathione (GSH) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Mallek-Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sidi Mansour, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayedi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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99
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Olennikov DN, Vasilieva AG, Chirikova NK. Fragaria viridis Fruit Metabolites: Variation of LC-MS Profile and Antioxidant Potential during Ripening and Storage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090262. [PMID: 32971880 PMCID: PMC7559413 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragaria viridis Weston or creamy strawberry is one of the less-known species of the Fragaria genus (Rosaceae family) with a wide distribution in Eurasia and is still in the shadow of more popular relatives F. ananassa (garden strawberry) or F. vesca (wild strawberry). Importantly, there is a lack of scientific knowledge on F. viridis compounds, their stability in the postharvest period, and bioactivity. In this study, metabolites of F. viridis fruits in three ripening stages were characterized with high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-PAD-ESI-tQ-MS). In total, 95 compounds of various groups including carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolics, and triterpenes, were identified for the first time. The quantitative content of the compounds varied differently during the ripening progress; some of them increased (anthocyanins, organic acids, and carbohydrates), while others demonstrated a decrease (ellagitannins, flavonols, etc.). The most abundant secondary metabolites of F. viridis fruits were ellagitannins (5.97–7.54 mg/g of fresh weight), with agrimoniin (1.41–2.63 mg/g) and lambertianin C (1.20–1.86 mg/g) as major components. Antioxidant properties estimated by in vitro assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)) showed good antioxidant potential in all ripening stages of F. viridis fruits. The pilot human experiment on the effect of F. viridis fruit consumption on the serum total antioxidant capacity confirmed the effectiveness of this kind of strawberry. Postharvest storage of ripe fruits at 4 °C and 20 °C lead to declining content in the majority of compounds particularly ascorbic acid, ellagitannins, and flavonols, with the most significant loss at room temperature storage. These results suggest that F. viridis fruits are a prospective source of numerous metabolites that have potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9021-600-627
| | - Aina G. Vasilieva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.G.V.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.G.V.); (N.K.C.)
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100
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Guerreiro A, Andrade MA, Menezes C, Vilarinho F, Dias E. Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Cyanobacteria: Potential for Biotechnological Applications. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090548. [PMID: 32859010 PMCID: PMC7551995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds from cyanobacteria may constitute a natural alternative to current synthetic antioxidants, which contain preservatives and suspected toxicity. In this work, we evaluate the antioxidant potential of cyanobacterial strains of distinct species/genus isolated from freshwater (n = 6), soil (n = 1) and wastewater (n = 1) environments. Lyophilized biomass obtained from in-vitro cultures of those strains was extracted with ethanol and methanol. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by chemical (DPPH scavenging method, β-carotene bleaching assay, determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds) and biological (H2O2-exposed HEK293T cell line model) approach. Some strains showed high yields of antioxidant activity by the DPPH assay (up to 10.7% IP/20.7 TE μg/mL) and by the β-carotene bleaching assay (up to 828.94 AAC), as well as significant content in phenolic (123.16 mg EAG/g DW) and flavonoid (900.60 mg EQR/g DW) compounds. Normalization of data in a “per cell” or “per cell volume” base might facilitate the comparison between strains. Additionally, most of the cyanobacterial extracts conferred some degree of protection to HEK293T cells against the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Freshwater Aphanizomenon gracile (LMECYA 009) and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (LMECYA 088), terrestrial Nostoc (LMECYA 291) and wastewater Planktothrix mougeotii (LEGE 06224) seem to be promising strains for further investigation on cyanobacteria antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecotoxicology, Department Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana A. Andrade
- Laboratory of Chemisty, Department Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Carina Menezes
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecotoxicology, Department Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.M.)
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Laboratory of Chemisty, Department Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Elsa Dias
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecotoxicology, Department Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (C.M.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55412, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217519200
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