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Karri RL, Bojji M, Rudraraju A, Mohammad AS, Kosuru V, Kalisipudi S. Unraveling the Molecular Complexity of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC): A Comprehensive Exploration of Hub Genes, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Networks, microRNA (miRNA) Involvement, and Drug-Gene Interactions (DGIs). Cureus 2024; 16:e54730. [PMID: 38524085 PMCID: PMC10961157 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) poses clinical challenges with its unique histology and potential for perineural invasion, recurrence, and distant metastases. Recent genomic advancements have unveiled key genetic alterations in ACC, offering insights into its pathogenesis. Aim This study aims to unravel the intricate molecular landscape of ACC through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns. By integrating data from multiple microarray datasets, the study explores differentially expressed genes (DEGs), their functional enrichment, protein-protein interactions (PPI), hub genes, microRNA (miRNA) involvement, transcription factors, and potential drug-gene interactions. Methods Three microarray datasets (GSE88804, GSE153002, and GSE36820) related to ACC were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. DEGs were identified using GEO2R and further analyzed for commonalities and differences. Functional enrichment analysis, including Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), provided insights into biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with ACC. PPI networks and hub genes were identified using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) (STRING Consortium, Lausanne, Switzerland) database and Cytoscape (Cytoscape Consortium, California, United States). The study also explored miRNAs, transcription factors, and potential drug-gene interactions. Results The integrated analysis revealed 339 common upregulated and 643 downregulated DEGs in ACC. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses unveiled the involvement of these genes in critical cellular processes, signaling cascades, and pathways. The PPI network, comprising 904 nodes and 4139 edges, highlighted the complexity of interactions. Hub genes, including KIF11, BUB1, and DLGAP5, were identified, shedding light on their pivotal roles in cell cycle regulation. The study also identified miRNAs (e.g., hsa-mir-7-5p and hsa-mir-138-5p) and transcription factors (e.g., E2F1 and TP53) associated with ACC. Drug-gene interactions have identified potential therapeutic options, including amsacrine and rucaparib. Conclusions The ACC gene expression highlights a nuanced molecular landscape, identifying pivotal hub genes such as KIF11 and CDK1 as potential therapeutic targets for ACC, given their roles in cell cycle progression. The dysregulation of microRNAs and transcription factors adds complexity to ACC's molecular profile. Exploration of drug-gene interactions reveals promising therapeutic strategies, involving FDA-approved drugs such as amsacrine and rucaparib, providing avenues for personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja L Karri
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, GSL Dental College and Hospital, Rajahmundry, IND
| | - Manasa Bojji
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Abdul Sadik Mohammad
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College and Hospital, Rajahmundry, IND
| | - Vamseedhar Kosuru
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, IND
| | - Sandeep Kalisipudi
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, IND
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Feng Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. The Role of Microglia in Brain Metastases: Mechanisms and Strategies. Aging Dis 2024; 15:169-185. [PMID: 37307835 PMCID: PMC10796095 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases and related complications are one of the major fatal factors in cancer. Patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma are at a high risk of developing brain metastases. However, the mechanisms underlying the brain metastatic cascade remain poorly understood. Microglia, one of the major resident macrophages in the brain parenchyma, are involved in multiple processes associated with brain metastasis, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. They also closely interact with metastatic cancer cells, astrocytes, and other immune cells. Current therapeutic approaches against metastatic brain cancers, including small-molecule drugs, antibody-coupled drugs (ADCs), and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have compromised efficacy owing to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex brain microenvironment. Targeting microglia is one of the strategies for treating metastatic brain cancer. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted roles of microglia in brain metastases and highlight them as potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Layer JP, Layer K, Glasmacher AR, Sarria GR, Böhner AMC, Layer YL, Dejonckheere CS, Wiegreffe S, Nour Y, Caglayan L, Grau F, Feyer P, Baumert BG, Baumann R, Krug D, Scafa D, Leitzen C, Landsberg J, Giordano FA, Schmeel LC. Pharmazeutische Behandlung der akuten Radiodermatitis in der deutschsprachigen strahlentherapeutischen Gemeinschaft: Pharmaceutical management of acute radiation dermatitis in the German speaking radiation oncology community. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:198-209. [PMID: 38361198 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15279_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Radiodermatitis (RD) ist die häufigste Nebenwirkung der Strahlentherapie (RT), wobei verschiedene pharmazeutische Optionen zur Vorbeugung/Behandlung zur Verfügung stehen. Unser Ziel war, die pharmazeutischen Behandlungsmuster für die RD unter strahlentherapeutischen Fachleuten zu ermitteln.MethodikWir haben eine Umfrage zum Thema RD in der deutschsprachigen radioonkologischen Gemeinschaft durchgeführt und ihre Meinung zu präventiven und therapeutischen pharmazeutischen Therapieansätzen betreffend die akute RD erfragt.Ergebnisse244 Angehörige zugehöriger Gesundheitsberufe nahmen teil. Dexpanthenol‐Lotion ist das am häufigsten verwendete Mittel sowohl zur Vorbeugung (53%) als auch zur Behandlung (76,9%) der RD, gefolgt von Harnstoff (29,8%) zur Vorbeugung und Kortikosteroiden (46,9%) zur Behandlung. Die Teilnehmer verwenden eine breite Palette an Substanzen, haben aber insgesamt wenig Erfahrung mit diesen. 32,5% der Teilnehmer empfehlen generell keine präventive Behandlung. 53,4% der Teilnehmer empfehlen Alternativmedizin. Obwohl selten eingesetzt, wurden Kortikosteroide als wirksamstes Behandlungsmittel angesehen, gefolgt von Dexpanthenol und Low‐Level‐Lasertherapie. Die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer bevorzugt die feuchte gegenüber der trockenen Behandlung der feuchten Desquamation und 43,8% verschreiben Antiseptika.SchlussfolgerungenDie pharmazeutische Behandlung der RD in der deutschsprachigen strahlentherapeutischen Fachwelt ist nach wie vor umstritten, sowie mitunter inkonsistent und nicht durch evidenzbasierte Medizin gestützt. Ein interdisziplinärer Konsens ist erforderlich, um die bestehenden Behandlungskonzepte zu verbessern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Layer
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Layer
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Andrea R Glasmacher
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Gustavo R Sarria
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Alexander M C Böhner
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Yonah L Layer
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Cas S Dejonckheere
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Shari Wiegreffe
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Youness Nour
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Lara Caglayan
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Franziska Grau
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Petra Feyer
- Abteilung für Strahlenonkologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - René Baumann
- Abteilung für Strahlenonkologie, St. Marien-Krankenhaus Siegen, Siegen, Deutschland
| | - David Krug
- Abteilung für Strahlenonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Davide Scafa
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Christina Leitzen
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Abteilung für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Abteilung für Strahlenonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute am Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leonard Christopher Schmeel
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
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Mogavero MP, Ferri R, Marelli S, Lanza G, Terzaghi M, Castelnuovo A, DelRosso LM, Schenck CH, Ferini‐Strambi L. Polysomnographic features associated with clonazepam and melatonin treatment in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: Time for new therapeutic approaches? CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14569. [PMID: 38421131 PMCID: PMC10850928 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although clonazepam (CLO) and melatonin (MLT) are the most frequently used treatments for REM sleep behavior disorder, the polysomnographic features associated with their use are little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate polysomnographic and clinical parameters of patients with idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) treated chronically with CLO, sustained-release MLT, alone or in combination, and in a group of drug-free iRBD patients. METHODS A total of 96 patients were enrolled: 43 drug-free, 21 with CLO (0.5-2 mg), 20 with sustained-release MLT (1-4 mg), and 12 taking a combination of them (same doses). Clinical variables and polysomnography were collected. RESULTS Although clinical improvement was reported in all groups, MLT impacted sleep architecture more than the other treatments, with significant and large increase in N3 stage, moderate reduction in N2 and REM sleep, and moderate increase in REM latency. CLO moderately increased the percentage of both REM sleep and especially N2, while reducing N1 and wakefulness. Patients treated with both CLO and MLT did not show major changes in sleep architecture. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the administration of MLT or CLO impacts (positively) on sleep parameters of iRBD patients. However, there is a need to better stratify patients, in order to treat them in a targeted manner, depending on the patient's individual sleep architecture and expected differential effects of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mogavero
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of NeuroscienceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre and Clinical Neurophysiology Research UnitOasi Research Institute – IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Sara Marelli
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of NeuroscienceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Sleep Research Centre and Clinical Neurophysiology Research UnitOasi Research Institute – IRCCSTroinaItaly
- Department of Surgery and Medical‐Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Michele Terzaghi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Unit of Sleep Medicine and EpilepsyIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Alessandra Castelnuovo
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of NeuroscienceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | - Carlos H. Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical CenterUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Luigi Ferini‐Strambi
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of NeuroscienceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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Jeon SM, Lim H, Cheon HB, Ryu J, Kwon JW. Assessing the Labeling Information on Drugs Associated With Suicide Risk: Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49755. [PMID: 38289650 PMCID: PMC10865198 DOI: 10.2196/49755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced suicide (DIS) is a severe adverse drug reaction (ADR). Although clinical trials have provided evidence on DIS, limited investigations have been performed on rare ADRs, such as suicide. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review case reports on DIS to provide evidence-based drug information. METHODS We searched PubMed to obtain case reports regarding DIS published until July 2021. Cases resulting from drugs that are no longer used or are nonapproved, substance use, and suicidal intentions were excluded. The quality of each case report was assessed using the CASE (Case Reports) checklist. We extracted data regarding demographics, medication history, suicide symptoms, and symptom improvement and evaluated the causality of DIS using the Naranjo score. Furthermore, to identify the potential suicidal risk of the unknown drugs, we compared the results of the causality assessment with those of the approved drug labels. RESULTS In 83 articles, we identified 152 cases involving 61 drugs. Antidepressants were reported as the most frequent causative drugs of DIS followed by immunostimulants. The causality assessment revealed 61 cases having possible, 89 cases having probable, and 2 cases having definite relationships with DIS. For approximately 85% of suspected drugs, the risk of suicidal ADRs was indicated on the approved label; however, the approved labels for 9 drugs, including lumacaftor/ivacaftor, doxycycline, clozapine, dextromethorphan, adalimumab, infliximab, piroxicam, paclitaxel, and formoterol, did not provide information about these risks. CONCLUSIONS We found several case reports involving drugs without suicide risk information on the drug label. Our findings might provide valuable insights into drugs that may cause suicidal ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Jeon
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJoo Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bin Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Trimboli P, Peloni G, Confalonieri D, Gamarra E, Piticchio T, Frasca F, Makovac P, Piccardo A, Ruinelli L. Determinants of circulating calcitonin value: analysis of thyroid features, demographic data, anthropometric characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and smoking habits in a population with histological full exclusion of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1278816. [PMID: 38347847 PMCID: PMC10859508 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1278816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcitonin (Ctn) measurement is crucial for the early diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, Ctn levels can be skewed/elevated due to other reasons, and the Ctn upper reference value remains controversial. In this field, studies have heterogeneous settings, published data are controversial, and no evidence has been achieved. The study's aim was to evaluate all previously investigated Ctn determinants in a population with histological exclusion of MTC. Methods The institutional records from 2010 to 2022 were reviewed to select patients with thyroid nodules who had undergone total thyroidectomy with histological exclusion of MTC and who had tested for Ctn just before surgery. Thyroid features, demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, medications, and lifestyle information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 127 cases were included. The median age for thyroidectomy was 51 years. Median Ctn was 1.04 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 1.04-2.77), with two cases having values above 10 pg/mL. In univariate analysis, Ctn was correlated with gender (p < 0.001), body weight (p = 0.016), height (p = 0.031), body surface area (p = 0.016), thyroid size (p = 0.03), thyroglobulin (p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, the model with the highest accuracy included gender, chronic kidney disease, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with an adjusted R-squared of 0.4. Conclusions This study demonstrates, in a population histologically proven as MTC-free, that the Ctn value is mainly influenced by gender, anthropometric/thyroid features, and chronic kidney disease, with the further impact of TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Peloni
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Dorotea Confalonieri
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gamarra
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Piticchio
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Petra Makovac
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. "Ospedali Galliera", Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ruinelli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Team Data Science & Research, Area ICT, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Więckiewicz G, Florczyk I, Stokłosa M, Jurga M, Gorczyca P, Kotlicka-Antczak M. Intensity of Psychoactive Substance Use Affects the Occurrence of Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:760. [PMID: 38337454 PMCID: PMC10856773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is usually preceded by the appearance of prodromal symptoms. Numerous attempts have been made to find out how psychoactive substances can influence the onset and development of psychotic disorders, but to date there are no studies that show a link between the onset of prodromal symptoms and the use of psychoactive substances. METHODS A survey consisting of epidemiological and demographic questions, the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), and the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief Version (PQ-B) was conducted on social media among users of illegal psychoactive substances, covering 703 study participants. RESULTS A total of 39.8% of the respondents had been treated by a psychiatrist, and the most popular drugs used by respondents in their lifetime were tetrahydrocannabinol-containing products, MDMA, amphetamines, and LSD. A significant correlation was found between the DUDIT and the PQ-B values. CONCLUSIONS Intensity of psychoactive substance use correlated positively with the risk of appearance and intensity of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Early exposure to psychoactive substances increased the risk of heavy substance use in adulthood and led to more frequent prodromal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gniewko Więckiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Iga Florczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Maciej Stokłosa
- Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Marta Jurga
- 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Gorczyca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Saied S, Prokopidis K, Adenaya A, Isanejad M, Sankaranarayanan R. Is sarcopenia an associated factor of increased administration of specific medications in patients with heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1293537. [PMID: 38333416 PMCID: PMC10850377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1293537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is controversy in relation to commonly used drugs in heart failure (HF) and their impact on muscle function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the odds of receiving specific medications often used in clinical practice by patients with HF and sarcopenia vs. without sarcopenia. Methods A systematic literature search of cohort studies via databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was conducted from inception until March 2023. To determine if sarcopenia is linked to a higher number of specific HF-related medications, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects. Results Our main analyses showed no significant association of sarcopenia with administration of higher HF-related medication count vs. those without sarcopenia. Those with lower appendicular lean mass (ALM) had significantly lower odds of receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.50-0.90, I2 = 12%, P < 0.01) vs. patients with higher ALM for which age could be an important confounder based on meta-regression. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to B-blockers OR: 0.84, 95%CI 0.63-1.12, I2 = 7%, P = 0.24) and loop diuretics (OR: 1.19, 95%CI 0.87-1.63, I2 = 0%, P = 0.27). Regarding handgrip strength, gait speed, and short physical performance battery, our narrative synthesis found mixed results. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis did not find a relationship of specific medication count in sarcopenia vs. without sarcopenia in patients with HF, although increased odds of ACE-I/ARB was shown in those with higher ALM. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (CRD42023411137).
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Affiliation(s)
- Schabnam Saied
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adeoye Adenaya
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Bloothooft M, Verbruggen B, Seibertz F, van der Heyden MAG, Voigt N, de Boer TP. Recording ten-fold larger I Kr conductances with automated patch clamping using equimolar Cs + solutions. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1298340. [PMID: 38328302 PMCID: PMC10847579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1298340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) is important for cardiac repolarization and is most often involved in drug-induced arrhythmias. However, accurately measuring this current can be challenging in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes because of its small current density. Interestingly, the ion channel conducting IKr, hERG channel, is not only permeable to K+ ions but also to Cs+ ions when present in equimolar concentrations inside and outside of the cell. Methods: In this study, IhERG was measured from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-hERG cells and hiPSC-CM using either Cs+ or K+ as the charge carrier. Equimolar Cs+ has been used in the literature in manual patch-clamp experiments, and here, we apply this approach using automated patch-clamp systems. Four different (pre)clinical drugs were tested to compare their effects on Cs+- and K+-based currents. Results: Using equimolar Cs+ solutions gave rise to approximately ten-fold larger hERG conductances. Comparison of Cs+- and K+-mediated currents upon application of dofetilide, desipramine, moxifloxacin, or LUF7244 revealed many similarities in inhibition or activation properties of the drugs studied. Using equimolar Cs+ solutions gave rise to approximately ten-fold larger hERG conductances. In hiPSC-CM, the Cs+-based conductance is larger compared to the known K+-based conductance, and the Cs+ hERG conductance can be inhibited similarly to the K+-based conductance. Conclusion: Using equimolar Cs+ instead of K+ for IhERG measurements in an automated patch-clamp system gives rise to a new method by which, for example, quick scans can be performed on effects of drugs on hERG currents. This application is specifically relevant when such experiments are performed using cells which express small IKr current densities in combination with small membrane capacitances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meye Bloothooft
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bente Verbruggen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fitzwilliam Seibertz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel A. G. van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teun P. de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Bashiardes S, Christodoulou C. Orally Administered Drugs and Their Complicated Relationship with Our Gastrointestinal Tract. Microorganisms 2024; 12:242. [PMID: 38399646 PMCID: PMC10893523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orally administered compounds represent the great majority of all pharmaceutical compounds produced for human use and are the most popular among patients since they are practical and easy to self-administer. Following ingestion, orally administered drugs begin a "perilous" journey down the gastrointestinal tract and their bioavailability is modulated by numerous factors. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy can modulate drug bioavailability and accounts for interpatient drug response heterogeneity. Furthermore, host genetics is a contributor to drug bioavailability modulation. Importantly, a component of the GI tract that has been gaining notoriety with regard to drug treatment interactions is the gut microbiota, which shares a two-way interaction with pharmaceutical compounds in that they can be influenced by and are able to influence administered drugs. Overall, orally administered drugs are a patient-friendly treatment option. However, during their journey down the GI tract, there are numerous host factors that can modulate drug bioavailability in a patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Bashiardes
- Molecular Virology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
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Rodríguez-Fonseca L, Llorente-Alvarez C, Llorente-Pendás S, García-Pola M. Association of oral lichen planus and psoriasis: a case-control study. Quintessence Int 2024; 55:52-58. [PMID: 38019555 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b4706089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether psoriasis disease constitutes a risk factor for OLP, by assessing the prevalance of psoriasis in a test group with OLP and the control group without. METHOD AND MATERIALS A cohort of consecutive patients diagnosed clinically and histologically with OLP between 2014 and 2022 was analyzed. The results were contrasted with those obtained in control series matched for age and sex. The correlations between OLP and sex, age, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and psoriasis were assessed using Pearson chi-square test. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between psoriasis and OLP. For the assessment of the quality of the statistical models, the Akaike information criterion was used. RESULTS The study involved 1,016 patients; 738 women (72.6%) and 278 men (27.4%). The average age was 59.38 ± 12.55 years. Of 508 patients with OLP, 16 (3.15%) had comorbid psoriasis, and this was 5 (0.98%) in the control group. Age, sex, smoking, and alcohol habits were not predictive variables in the relationship between psoriasis and OLP in these patients. There were statistically significant differences in relation to the number of locations, with greater extension in patients with OLP and psoriasis (P = .002). According to the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of OLP for psoriasis was 3.13 (95% CI 1.20-9.68). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing the potential association between psoriasis and OLP, and the results should be considered to improve knowledge of comorbidity of OLP. Based on the results, it is recommended that clinicians collect data regarding history of psoriasis in patients with OLP, and consider possible multiple intraoral locations.
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Toure M, Shaffer JG, Sanogo D, Keita S, Keita M, Kane F, Traore B, Dabitao D, Kone A, Doumbia CO, Keating J, Yukich J, Hansson HH, Barry AE, Diakité M, Alifrangis M, Doumbia S. Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Therapy in Children Up To 9 Years of Age: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Trial Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51660. [PMID: 38252481 PMCID: PMC10845024 DOI: 10.2196/51660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is recommended by the World Health Organization for the sub-Sahel region in sub-Saharan Africa for preventing malaria in children 3 months old to younger than 5 years. Since 2016, the Malian National Malaria Control Program has deployed SMC countrywide during its high malaria transmission season at a rate of 4 monthly cycles annually. The standard SMC regimen includes sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ). Resistance against SP is suspected to be rising across West Africa; therefore, assessing the effectiveness of an alternative antimalarial drug for SMC is needed to provide a second-line regimen when it is ultimately needed. It is not well understood whether SMC effectively prevents malaria in children aged 5 years or older. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of the study is to compare 2 SMC regimens (SP-AQ and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine [DHA-PQ]) in preventing uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children 3 months to 9 years old. Secondly, we will assess the possible use of DHA-PQ as an alternative SMC drug in areas where resistance to SP or AQ may increase following intensive use. METHODS The study design is a 3-arm cluster-randomized design comparing the SP-AQ and DHA-PQ arms in 2 age groups (younger than 5 years and 5-9 years) and a control group for children aged 5-9 years. Standard SMC (SP-AQ) for children younger than 5 years was provided to the control arm, while SMC with SP-AQ was delivered to children aged 3 months to 9 years (arm 2), and SMC with DHA-PQ will be implemented in study arm 3 for children up to 9 years of age. The study was performed in Mali's Koulikoro District, a rural area in southwest Mali with historically high malaria transmission rates. The study's primary outcome is P falciparum incidence for 2 SMC regimens in children up to 9 years of age. Should DHA-PQ provide an acceptable alternative to SP-AQ, a plausible second-line prevention option would be available in the event of SP resistance or drug supply shortages. A significant byproduct of this effort included bolstering district health information systems for rapid identification of severe malaria cases. RESULTS The study began on July 1, 2019. Through November 2022, a total of 4556 children 3 months old to younger than 5 years were enrolled. Data collection ended in spring 2023, and the findings are expected to be published later in early 2024. CONCLUSIONS Routine evaluation of antimalarial drugs is needed to establish appropriate SMC age targets. The study goals here may impact public health policy and provide alternative therapies in the event of drug shortages or resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04149106, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04149106. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoudou Toure
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Daouda Sanogo
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Soumba Keita
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Keita
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fousseyni Kane
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Traore
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Kone
- Mali National Malaria Control Program, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick Oumar Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Joseph Keating
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Joshua Yukich
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Helle H Hansson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alyssa E Barry
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, Bamako, Mali
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Rynhoud L, Kagee A. Prevalence of alcohol and drug use and their impact on adherence among hospitalised TB patients in South Africa. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053231224124. [PMID: 38247264 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231224124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the use of alcohol and drugs and the potential impact on adherence to medication for tuberculosis. Adult patients admitted to specialised tuberculosis hospitals in South Africa were assessed for drug use, alcohol use and adherence to tuberculosis medication. A total of 175 patients participated in the study; 32% reported harmful alcohol use, and 44% reported problematic use of drugs. Participants who used drugs were four times as likely (OR = 4.11, 95% CI (1.89, 8.91)) and those using alcohol were twice as likely (OR = 2.06, 95% CI (1.02, 5.08)) to be nonadherent to medication for tuberculosis. Prevalence of harmful/hazardous use of alcohol and other drugs was high and significantly correlated with poorer medication adherence. Routine screening for and treatment of substance use in patients on treatment for tuberculosis and ongoing monitoring of adherence to medication is recommended.
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Xu L, Wang Z, Wang G. Screening of Biomarkers Associated with Osteoarthritis Aging Genes and Immune Correlation Studies. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:205-224. [PMID: 38268862 PMCID: PMC10807283 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s447035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease with a long and slow course, which is one of the major causes of disability in middle and old-aged people. This study was dedicated to excavating the cellular senescence-associated biomarkers of OA. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was searched and five datasets pertaining to OA were obtained. After removing the batch effect, the GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE82107, and GSE12021 datasets were integrated together for screening of the candidate genes by differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, those genes were further filtered by machine learning algorithms to obtain cellular senescence-associated biomarkers of OA. Subsequently, enrichment analyses based on those biomarkers were conducted, and we profiled the infiltration levels of 22 types immune cells with the ERSORT algorithm. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory and drug-gene network were constructed. Finally, we validated the senescence-associated biomarkers at both in vivo and in vitro levels. Results Five genes (BCL6, MCL1, SLC16A7, PIM1, and EPHA3) were authenticated as cellular senescence-associated biomarkers in OA. ROC curves demonstrated the reliable capacity of the five genes as a whole to discriminate OA samples from normal samples. The nomogram diagnostic model based on 5 genes proved to be a reliable predictor of OA. Single-gene GSEA results pointed to the involvement of the five biomarkers in immune-related pathways and oxidative phosphorylation in the development of OA. Immune infiltration analysis manifested that the five genes were significantly correlated with differential immune cells. Subsequently, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and gene-drug network containing were generated based on five cellular senescence-associated biomarkers in OA. Conclusion A foundation for understanding the pathophysiology of OA and new insights into OA diagnosis and treatment were provided by the identification of five genes, namely BCL6, MCL1, SLC16A7, PIM1, and EPHA3, as biomarkers associated with cellular senescence in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
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Lau EY, Cragg A, Small SS, Butcher K, Hohl CM. Characterizing and Comparing Adverse Drug Events Documented in 2 Spontaneous Reporting Systems in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada: Retrospective Observational Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e52495. [PMID: 38236629 PMCID: PMC10835584 DOI: 10.2196/52495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust adverse drug event (ADE) reporting systems are crucial to monitor and identify drug safety signals, but the quantity and type of ADEs captured may vary by system characteristics. OBJECTIVE We compared ADEs reported in 2 different reporting systems in the same jurisdictions, the Patient Safety and Learning System-Adverse Drug Reaction (PSLS-ADR) and ActionADE, to understand report variation. METHODS This retrospective observational study analyzed reports entered into PSLS-ADR and ActionADE systems between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. We conducted a comprehensive analysis including all events from both reporting systems to examine coverage and usage and understand the types of events captured in both systems. We calculated descriptive statistics for reporting facility type, patient demographics, serious events, and most reported drugs. We conducted a subanalysis focused on adverse drug reactions to enable direct comparisons between systems in terms of the volume and events reported. We stratified results by reporting system. RESULTS We performed the comprehensive analysis on 3248 ADE reports, of which 12.4% (375/3035) were reported in PSLS-ADR and 87.6% (2660/3035) were reported in ActionADE. Distribution of all events and serious events varied slightly between the 2 systems. Iohexol, gadobutrol, and empagliflozin were the most common culprit drugs (173/375, 46.2%) in PSLS-ADR, while hydrochlorothiazide, apixaban, and ramipril (308/2660, 11.6%) were common in ActionADE. We included 2728 reports in the subanalysis of adverse drug reactions, of which 12.9% (353/2728) were reported in PSLS-ADR and 86.4% (2357/2728) were reported in ActionADE. ActionADE captured 4- to 6-fold more comparable events than PSLS-ADR over this study's period. CONCLUSIONS User-friendly and robust reporting systems are vital for pharmacovigilance and patient safety. This study highlights substantial differences in ADE data that were generated by different reporting systems. Understanding system factors that lead to varying reporting patterns can enhance ADE monitoring and should be taken into account when evaluating drug safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amber Cragg
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Serena S Small
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katherine Butcher
- Pharmaceutical Science, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corinne M Hohl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Dhapola R, Kumari S, Sharma P, KumarKushawaha P, HariKrishnaReddy D. Update on monkeypox virus infection: Focusing current treatment and prevention approaches. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38226405 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the world is still facing the global pandemic COVID-19, another zoonosis monkeypox (Mpox) has emerged posing a great threat to society. Insight into the pathogenesis, symptoms, and management strategies will aid in the development of potent therapeutics for the treatment of monkeypox virus infection. OBJECTIVES To get insight into the current treatment and prevention strategies will aid in effectively coping with the disease. METHODS For obtaining information regarding the ongoing treatment and prevention strategies and the drugs under pipeline, we referred to Google Scholar, Pub Med, Pub Chem, and WHO official site. RESULTS There are a few drugs that came out to be effective for the treatment of Mpox. Tecovirimat acts by inhibiting viral replication and viral wrapping. Another drug is cidofovir, which hinders the activity of viral DNA polymerase but has the drawback of nephrotoxicity. To overcome this, a conjugate of cidofovir is being used-known as brincidofovir-which has a similar mechanism as cidofovir but lesser toxicity. Ribavirin acts via inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDPH) thus disrupting viral translation. It also interferes with helicase activity. Tiazofurin, Adenosine N1 oxide, and HPMPA have shown efficacy in in-vitro studies by inhibiting IMPDH, DNA polymerase, and viral mRNA translation respectively. In-silico studies have proven the effect of nilotinib, simeprevir, and dihydroergotamine for Mpox treatment. They have shown binding affinity for proteins required for the growth and release of MPXV. Vaccines have also been employed for the prevention of Mpox, which includes JYNNEOS, ACAM2000, and VIGIV. CONCLUSION This review highlights the pathogenesis of the virus, disease manifestations, drugs, and vaccines that are being used and those under pipeline for the treatment and prevention of Mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pramod KumarKushawaha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Vitiello L, Lixi F, Coco G, Giannaccare G. Ocular Surface Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:344. [PMID: 38254833 PMCID: PMC10814578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery, anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormonal medicines, and targeted treatments), and/or radiation are common treatment strategies for neoplastic diseases. Anticancer drugs eliminate malignant cells through the inhibition of specific pathways that contribute to the formation and development of cancer. Given the ability of such pharmacological medications to combat cancerous cells, their role in the management of neoplastic diseases has become essential. However, these drugs may also lead to undesirable systemic and ocular adverse effects due to cyto/neuro-toxicity and inflammatory reactions. Ocular surface side effects are recognized to significantly impact patient's quality of life and quality of vision. Blepharoconjunctivitis is known to be a common side effect caused by oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and docetaxel, while anastrozole, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil can all determine dry eye disease. However, the potential processes involved in the development of these alterations are yet not fully understood, especially for novel drugs currently available for cancer treatment. This review aims at analyzing the potential ocular surface and adnexal side effects of novel anticancer medications, trying to provide a better understanding of the underlying pharmacological processes and useful insights on the choice of proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy;
| | - Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy;
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy;
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Algar JL, Lawes DJ, Carroll AJ, Caldicott D, McLeod MD. Identification of three unexpected new psychoactive substances at an Australian drug checking service. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38205685 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Drug checking is a harm reduction measure that provides people with the opportunity to confirm the identity and purity of substances before consumption. The CanTEST Health and Drug Checking Service is Australia's first fixed-site drug checking service, where clients can learn about the contents of the samples they provide while receiving tailored harm reduction and health advice. Three samples were recently presented to the service with the expectation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) 1, methoxetamine (MXE) 2 and 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) 3. The identity of all three samples did not meet these expectations and remained unknown on-site, as no high confidence identifications were obtained. However, further analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution gas chromatography-electron ionisation-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry at the nearby Australian National University allowed for the structure elucidation of the three samples as 4-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (4F-α-PiHP) 4, 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4-methylpiperazine (4F-MBZP) 5 and N-propyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine (propylphenidine) 6, respectively. Given all three samples were not of the expected identity and have not yet been described as new psychoactive substances in the literature, this study presents a full characterisation of each compound. As exemplified by this rapid identification of three unexpected new psychoactive substances, drug checking can be used as an effective method to monitor the unregulated drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess L Algar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CanTEST Health and Drug Checking Service, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Douglas J Lawes
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Adam J Carroll
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David Caldicott
- Emergency Department, Calvary Public Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Malcolm D McLeod
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Page S, Fedorowicz S, McCormack F, Whitehead S. Women, Addictions, Mental Health, Dishonesty, and Crime Stigma: Solutions to Reduce the Social Harms of Stigma. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:63. [PMID: 38248528 PMCID: PMC10815751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
British drug policies could underserve women with treatment needs, and this paper provides evidence that communication through the words and actions of professionals across drug and alcohol services, health and mental health, social work and the criminal justice sector can leave women feeling stigmatised and failed. Women live with the stigma of 'the lying addict'; however, documents and courtroom statements provided by professionals can misrepresent women's experiences, which exacerbates social harm. Data are drawn from feminist participatory action research, where female lived experience experts worked alongside academics to implement a qualitative study using interviews and focus groups with women using treatment services (n = 28) and an online world café with professionals working with these women (n = 9) and further professionals providing support at lived experience data collection events (n = 5). This data set is cross-referenced with one-to-one and small-group interviews with professionals in the field (n = 17) conducted by a third-sector partner. Findings establish that stigma negatively impacts the identification of treatment needs and access to timely and appropriate service delivery. Social harms to women with addictions could be significantly reduced with timely, authentic, honest, gender-informed and trauma-informed practices for girls and women using drugs and alcohol to self-medicate from traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Page
- Centre for Crime, Justice and Security, Staffordshire University, LW126 Ashley 2 Building, College Rd., Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
| | - Sophia Fedorowicz
- Expert Citizens CIC, Federation House Station Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2SA, UK;
| | - Fiona McCormack
- Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, LW126 Ashley 2 Building, College Rd., Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK;
| | - Stephen Whitehead
- Independent Researcher, Centre for Justice Innovation, 102, Edinburgh House, 170 Kennington Ln, London SE11 5DP, UK;
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70
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Sun H, Luo W, Huang X. Recent Advances in the Preparation of Protein/peptide Microspheres by Solvent Evaporation Method. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:CPB-EPUB-136994. [PMID: 38178679 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010261032231214115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Protein/peptide drugs are extensively used to treat various chronic and serious diseases. The short half-life in vivo of protein and peptide as therapeutics drug limit the realization of complete effects. Encapsulating drugs in microspheres can slow the speed of drug release and prolong the efficacy of drugs. The solvent evaporation method is widely used to prepare protein/peptide microspheres because of its facile operation and minimal equipment requirements. This method has several challenges in the lower encapsulation efficiency, fluctuant release profiles and the stabilization of protein/peptides, which researchers believe may be solved by adjusting the preparation parameter or formulation of microspheres. The article discusses the formulation parameters that govern the preparation of protein/peptide-loaded microspheres by the solvent evaporation method, which provides an overview of the current promising strategies for solvent evaporation for protein/peptide microspheres. The article takes parameter evaluation as the framework, facilitating subsequent researchers to quickly find possible solutions when encountering problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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71
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Adesina A, Skouta R. Diversity-Orientated Synthesis and Biological Properties of Compounds Based on the N-Phenylquinoneimine Scaffold. Molecules 2024; 29:249. [PMID: 38202832 PMCID: PMC10780808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-phenylquinoneimine scaffold is a versatile synthetic platform that has gained significant attention in the field of drug discovery due to its structural diversity and capacity to interact with biologically relevant targets. This review explores established synthetic methodologies and highlights the significant biological activities exhibited by compounds derived from this scaffold, their implications for medicinal chemistry, and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebimpe Adesina
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 111101, Nigeria;
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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72
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Adem MA, Decourt B, Sabbagh MN. Pharmacological Approaches Using Diabetic Drugs Repurposed for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:99. [PMID: 38255204 PMCID: PMC10813018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are chronic, progressive disorders affecting the elderly, which fosters global healthcare concern with the growing aging population. Both T2DM and AD have been linked with increasing age, advanced glycosylation end products, obesity, and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in the periphery is significant in the development of T2DM and it has been posited that insulin resistance in the brain plays a key role in AD pathogenesis, earning AD the name "type 3 diabetes". These clinical and epidemiological links between AD and T2DM have become increasingly pronounced throughout the years, and serve as a means to investigate the effects of antidiabetic therapies in AD, such as metformin, intranasal insulin, incretins, DPP4 inhibitors, PPAR-γ agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors. The majority of these drugs have shown benefit in preclinical trials, and have shown some promising results in clinical trials, with the improvement of cognitive faculties in participants with mild cognitive impairment and AD. In this review, we have summarize the benefits, risks, and conflicting data that currently exist for diabetic drugs being repurposed for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna A. Adem
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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73
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Ma X, Fernández FM. Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Coated Blade Spray Mass Spectrometry for Volume-Limited Drug Analysis. Int J Mass Spectrom 2024; 495:117164. [PMID: 37981917 PMCID: PMC10653212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2023.117164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The demand for analytical tools for the analysis of low-concentration volume-limited samples has driven researchers to explore new analytical approaches. Mass spectrometry excels at trace analysis due to its high sensitivity and specificity, whereas ambient methods simplify, or completely eliminate sample preparation. Herein, we report a triboelectric nanogenerator-coated blade spray ambient mass spectrometry (TENG-CBS MS) method for the extraction, elution, and ionization of volume-limited, low-concentration small molecule drug samples with minimum sample preparation. Using a TENG device as the CBS power supply, we show it is possible to extract and analyze drug samples in a pulsed fashion at sub-nanogram to picogram levels with good stability and reproducibility. A wide range of analytes polarities were tested. Results indicated this method could also be useful for the analysis of low-level analytes in precious, volume limited samples in a simple single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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74
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Zhang M, Wang X, Li J, Peng F, Liu Z, Chen ZS. Ligands and receptors in human cytomegalovirus entry: Current therapies and new directions. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103833. [PMID: 37992888 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccines was first raised by a committee convened during the 1990s. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanism of viral infection supports the prioritization of developing drugs or vaccines that specifically target receptors and ligands involved in the infection process. As primary targets for neutralizing antibodies to combat HCMV, viral ligands (trimer, pentamer, and glycoprotein B) have crucial roles and exhibit substantial antiviral potential, which could be exploited for breakthroughs in antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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75
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Ben Salem C, Ben Abdelkrim A. Medication-induced hair loss: An update. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:e43. [PMID: 37776901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaker Ben Salem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance Center of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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76
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Rahman M, Dal Pan G, Stein P, Levenson M, Kraus S, Chakravarty A, Rivera DR, Forshee R, Concato J. When can real-world data generate real-world evidence? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5715. [PMID: 37855046 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Motiur Rahman
- Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Dal Pan
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Stein
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Levenson
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie Kraus
- Office of Regulatory Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Aloka Chakravarty
- Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna R Rivera
- Oncology Center of Excellence, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Forshee
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - John Concato
- Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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77
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Quijia CR, Enríquez AQ, Zappia CD, Peroni RN, Chorilli M. Administration of Inhibitory Molecules through Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:726-761. [PMID: 37291791 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230608145125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to Global Cancer Statistics, breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in women. While there are several treatments for breast cancer, they are not always effective. In most cases, after initial treatment, patients may present a low response to therapy, more severe relapses, and even drug resistance. Hence, more effective and targeted therapies are needed. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising alternative that will allow the controlled release of drugs in response to stimuli, precise delivery to the site of action, lower levels of toxicity, and fewer side effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent evidence proposing the delivery of inhibitory molecules encapsulated in nanoparticles as a new therapy for breast cancer that targets the signaling pathways governing the processes of tumor formation, maintenance, and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rafael Quijia
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jau, Km 01 - s/n - Campos Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreina Quevedo Enríquez
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Institute of Pharmacological Research (ININFA), University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956 5° 1113, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Daniel Zappia
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Institute of Pharmacological Research (ININFA), University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956 5° 1113, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Noemí Peroni
- Institute of Pharmacological Research (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956 5°, 1113, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jau, Km 01 - s/n - Campos Ville, 14800-903 Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Li L, Liu T, Shi Y. Treatment of preterm brain injury via gut-microbiota-metabolite-brain axis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14556. [PMID: 38108213 PMCID: PMC10805406 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury in preterm infants potentially disrupts critical structural and functional connective networks in the brain. It is a major cause of neurological sequelae and developmental deficits in preterm infants. Interesting findings suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites contribute to the programming of the central nervous system (CNS) during developmental stages and may exert structural and functional effects throughout the lifespan. AIM To summarize the existing knowledge of the potential mechanisms related to immune, endocrine, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by GM and its metabolites in neural development and function. METHODS We review the recent literature and included 150 articles to summarize the mechanisms through which GM and their metabolites work on the nervous system. Potential health benefits and challenges of relevant treatments are also discussed. RESULTS This review discusses the direct and indirect ways through which the GM may act on the nervous system. Treatment of preterm brain injury with GM or related derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal transplants are also included. CONCLUSION This review summarizes mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain axis and novel therapeutic opportunities for neurological sequelae in preterm infants. Optimizing the initial colonization and microbiota development in preterm infants may represent a novel therapy to promote brain development and reduce long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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79
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Lu M, Yu X, Hu J, Wang J, Wang T. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in acute myeloid leukemia: Monitoring prognosis and guiding treatment choice. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3587. [PMID: 37697474 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated therapy has become the central theme of cancer immunotherapy. The present study emphasized the role of CTLs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and aimed to understand the role of CTLs cytogenetic markers in monitoring AML prognostic outcomes and clinical treatment responses. METHODS Seurat was employed to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data in GSE116256. CellChat was used to detect cell-cell interactions to determine the central role of CTLs. The marker genes of CTLs were extracted and randomForestSRC was employed to construct a random forest model. The prognosis, immune checkpoint expression, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity of AML patients were evaluated according to the model. RESULTS Seven types of cellular components of AML were identified in GSE116256, and CTLs radiated the most interactions with other cell types. Random forest analysis screened out six marker genes for construction of the model. The risk score calculated according to the model was positively correlated with immune score, immune cell infiltration, expression of multiple immune checkpoints and immune effect pathway. The response rate of immunotherapy was significantly higher and more sensitive to 14 drugs in high-risk samples than in low-risk samples, whereas low-risk patients showed a higher sensitivity to six drugs. CONCLUSIONS The present study emphasized the central role of CTLs in cell communication and established a random forest regression model based on its cytogenetic markers, which helps to stratify the prognosis of AML, promotes the understanding of the phenotype of AML and may also guide the treatment choice of AML patients, which contributed to stratification of AML prognosis, promoted understanding of the phenotype of AML and may guide treatment selection in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xialei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Taozuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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80
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Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. Therapeutic cysteine protease inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:17-49. [PMID: 38445468 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteine proteases are involved in a broad range of biological functions, ranging from extracellular matrix turnover to immunity. Playing an important role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, immune-related and neurodegenerative disease, viral and parasitic infections, cysteine proteases represent an attractive drug target for the development of therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED Recent scientific and patent literature focusing on the design and study of cysteine protease inhibitors with potential therapeutic application has been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The discovery of a number of effective structurally diverse cysteine protease inhibitors opened up new challenges and opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools. Mechanistic studies and the availability of X-ray crystal structures of some proteases, alone and in complex with inhibitors, provide crucial information for the rational design and development of efficient and selective cysteine protease inhibitors as preclinical candidates for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barchielli
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
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Al-Hanbali LMS, Burhan AS, Hajeer MY, Sultan K, Nawaya FR. The effectiveness of interventions in reducing pain related to orthodontic separation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 2024; 46:cjad078. [PMID: 38168817 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is an unpleasant experience and annoying sensation. To control this pain during orthodontic separation, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been used. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically assess the evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in reducing pain induced by orthodontic separation. SEARCH STRATEGY An electronic search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed® (Medline), Scopus®, EMBASE®, Web of ScienceTM, Google ScholarTM, ProQuest, and Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) searching for the studies published between January 2012 and April 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, each experimental group included patients who received elastomeric separators and one kind of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions for pain reduction during the separation stage. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Cochrane's risk of bias tool (RoB2 tool) was applied. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE] approach was used to evaluate the strength of the evidence. RESULTS Thirty-one studies (RCTs) were included in this systematic review. Nineteen of them were appropriate for quantitative synthesis and used VAS for pain assessment. Meta-analysis showed that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was an effective approach for pain relief after separators placement with standard mean difference of 13.79 mm (95% confidence interval (CI): -15.64, -11.94) at 6 h and 23.34 mm at 24 h (95% CI: -25.91, -20.77). LLLT was also effective when applied in split-mouth and the standard mean difference was 8.9 mm at 6 h (95% CI: -12.86, -3.33) and 17.15 mm at 24 h (95% CI: -30.12, -4.17). Ibuprofen had a pain control effect at 6 h and at 24 h compared with the placebo group. The standard mean difference was 14.37 mm (95% CI: -20.54, -8.19) and 20.46 mm (95% CI: -27.79, -13.13), respectively. There was no difference in pain control between ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Naproxen had lower visual analog scale scores in pain perception at 6 h and the standard mean difference was 7.03 mm (95% CI: -12.67, -1.40). CONCLUSIONS The application of LLLT decreased the pain induced by the separation during the first day of teeth separation; the pain reduction showed an increase from 6 h to the end of the 24 h. However, the evidence is weak to moderate. The analgesics reduced the pain compared to placebo; this pain reduction had shown an increase from 6 h to the end of the 24 h. The strength of the evidence is moderate. Naproxen gel effectively reduced the pain compared to placebo; the evidence in this regard is moderate. Naproxen gel effectively reduced the pain compared to placebo, but it was less effective than the oral intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the evidence in this regard is moderate. REGISTRATION This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022335553) during the first stages of its conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Sharafeddin Burhan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, DAM72 H96, Syria
| | - Mohammad Younis Hajeer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, DAM72 H96, Syria
| | - Kinda Sultan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, DAM72 H96, Syria
| | - Fehmieh Rafik Nawaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus Countryside, DCS19 DA12, Syria
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Bonam SR, Mastrippolito D, Georgel P, Muller S. Pharmacological targets at the lysosomal autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome crossroads. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:81-101. [PMID: 38102020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cell homeostasis and integrity are maintained by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The NLRP3 oligomeric protein complex assembles in response to exogenous and endogenous danger signals. This inflammasome has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of disease conditions, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases. Given that NLRP3 modulates autophagy, which is also a key regulator of inflammasome activity, excessive inflammation may be controlled by targeting this intersecting pathway. However, specific niche areas of NLRP3-autophagy interactions and their reciprocal regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Consequently, we lack treatment methods specifically targeting this pivotal axis. Here, we discuss the potential of such strategies in the context of autoimmune and metabolic diseases and propose some research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dylan Mastrippolito
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Georgel
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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Hou J, Lu K, Chen P, Wang P, Li J, Yang J, Liu Q, Xue Q, Tang Z, Pei H. Comprehensive viewpoints on heart rate variability at high altitude. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2238923. [PMID: 37552638 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2238923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxia is a physiological state characterized by reduced oxygen levels in organs and tissues. It is a common clinicopathological process and a major cause of health problems in highland areas. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the balance in autonomic innervation to the heart. It provides valuable information on the regulation of the cardiovascular system by neurohumoral factors, and changes in HRV reflect the complex interactions between multiple systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV. We summarize the different mechanisms of diseases caused by hypoxia and explore the changes in HRV across various systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant pharmaceutical interventions. Overall, this review aims to provide research ideas and assistance for in-depth studies on HRV. By understanding the intricate relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and other systems. METHODS The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of hypoxia. RESULTS There is a close relationship between heart rate variability and high-altitude hypoxia. Heart rate variability is an indicator that evaluates the impact of hypoxia on the cardiovascular system and other related systems. By improving the observation of HRV, we can estimate the progress of cardiovascular diseases and predict the impact on other systems related to cardiovascular health. At the same time, changes in heart rate variability can be used to observe the efficacy of preventive drugs for altitude related diseases. CONCLUSIONS HRV can be used to assess autonomic nervous function under various systemic conditions, and can be used to predict and monitor diseases caused by hypoxia at high altitude. Investigating the correlation between high altitude hypoxia and heart rate variability can help make HRV more rapid, accurate, and effective for the diagnosis of plateau-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Keji Lu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiwen Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Engineering, The 950th Hospital of PLA, Yecheng, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Ersöz S, Nissen A, Schütte R. Risk, Trust, and Emotion in Online Pharmacy Medication Purchases: Multimethod Approach Incorporating Customer Self-Reports, Facial Expressions, and Neural Activation. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48850. [PMID: 38145483 PMCID: PMC10775049 DOI: 10.2196/48850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online pharmacies are used less than other e-commerce sites in Germany. Shopping behavior does not correspond to consumption behavior, as online purchases are predominantly made for over-the-counter (OTC) medications. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to understand the purchasing experiences of online pharmacy customers in terms of critical factors for online pharmacy adoption. METHODS This study examined the perceived risk, perceived trust, and emotions related to purchasing medications online and, consequently, the purchase intention toward online pharmacies. In a within-subjects design (N=37 participants), 2 German online pharmacies with different perceptions of risk and trust were investigated for their main business, namely OTC and prescription drugs. The results of a preliminary study led to 1 online pharmacy with high and 1 with significantly low self-reported risk by the prestudy sample. Emotions were measured with a multimethod approach during and after the purchase situation as follows: (1) neural evaluation processes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, (2) the automated direct motor response during the use of the online pharmacy via facial expression analysis (FaceReader), and (3) subjective evaluations through self-reports. Following the shopping experiences at both pharmacies for both product types, risk, trust, and purchase intention toward the pharmacies were assessed using self-assessments. RESULTS The 2 online pharmacies were rated differently in terms of risk, trust, emotions, and purchase intention. The high-risk pharmacy was also perceived as having lower trust and vice versa. Significantly stronger negative emotional expressions on customers' faces and different neural activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were measured when purchasing prescription drugs from the high-risk pharmacy than from the low-risk pharmacy, combined with OTC medications. In line with this, customers' self-ratings indicated higher negative emotions for the high-risk pharmacy and lower negative emotions for the low-risk pharmacy. Moreover, the ratings showed lower purchase intention for the high-risk pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Using multimethod measurements, we showed that the preceding neural activation and subsequent verbal evaluation of online pharmacies are reflected in the customers' immediate emotional facial expressions. High-risk online pharmacies and prescription drugs lead to stronger negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that imply perceived loss. Low-risk online pharmacies and OTC medications lead to weaker negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that signify certainty and perceived reward. The results may provide an explanation for why OTC medications are purchased online more frequently than prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Ersöz
- Institute for Marketing and Retail, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anika Nissen
- Institute for Business Administration, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schütte
- Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Richmond-Rakerd LS, D'Souza S, Milne BJ, Andersen SH. Suicides, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related deaths cluster with health and social disadvantage in 4.1 million citizens from two nations. Psychol Med 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38112104 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deaths from suicides, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related diseases ('deaths of despair') are well-documented among working-age Americans, and have been hypothesized to be largely specific to the U.S. However, support for this assertion-and associated policies to reduce premature mortality-requires tests concerning these deaths in other industrialized countries, with different institutional contexts. We tested whether the concentration and accumulation of health and social disadvantage forecasts deaths of despair, in New Zealand and Denmark. METHODS We used nationwide administrative data. Our observation period was 10 years (NZ = July 2006-June 2016, Denmark = January 2007-December 2016). We identified all NZ-born and Danish-born individuals aged 25-64 in the last observation year (NZ = 1 555 902, Denmark = 2 541 758). We ascertained measures of disadvantage (public-hospital stays for physical- and mental-health difficulties, social-welfare benefit-use, and criminal convictions) across the first nine years. We ascertained deaths from suicide, drugs, alcohol, and all other causes in the last year. RESULTS Deaths of despair clustered within a population segment that disproportionately experienced multiple disadvantages. In both countries, individuals in the top 5% of the population in multiple health- and social-service sectors were at elevated risk for deaths from suicide, drugs, and alcohol, and deaths from other causes. Associations were evident across sex and age. CONCLUSIONS Deaths of despair are a marker of inequalities in countries beyond the U.S. with robust social-safety nets, nationwide healthcare, and strong pharmaceutical regulations. These deaths cluster within a highly disadvantaged population segment identifiable within health- and social-service systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie D'Souza
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry J Milne
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Egan KL, Cox MJ. Cannabinoid home storage practices among a national Qualtrics panel of adult users of cannabinoid products in the USA. Inj Prev 2023:ip-2023-044968. [PMID: 38124000 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of cannabinoid products in the home may increase the likelihood of unintended adverse consequences for children and adolescents. Secure storage of these products is one prevention method to decrease the risk of diversion and use of cannabinoid products among youth. We sought to examine cannabis, delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD) storage practices among a sample of adults 18-64 years old residing in the USA. METHODS In December 2021, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey of 1042 current (past 30 day) users of cannabinoid products (88.3% cannabis, 49.0% delta-8 THC, and 67.2% CBD). Participants were asked about where they typically keep products in their home (ie, in a locked container, unlocked container, or out in the open). We conducted multinomial regression analyses to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and cannabinoid use behaviours with home storage practices. RESULTS For all products, participants more frequently reported locking, followed by storing the product in an unlocked but not visible location. Storing the product in an unlocked and visible location was endorsed the least across all three products. Participants reported more frequent endorsement of locking cannabis products as compared with delta-8-THC and CBD. Storage practices varied by biological sex, sexual orientation, ethnicity, educational attainment, having a child who lives in the home, frequency of use, possession of a medical cannabis card and exposure to advertising. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the prevalence of secure storage practices of cannabinoid products may facilitate prevention of unanticipated consequences associated with diversion of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Louise Egan
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa J Cox
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Hoff TA, Heller S, Reichel JL, Werner AM, Schäfer M, Tibubos AN, Simon P, Beutel ME, Letzel S, Rigotti T, Dietz P. Cigarette Smoking, Risky Alcohol Consumption, and Marijuana Smoking among University Students in Germany: Identification of Potential Sociodemographic and Study-Related Risk Groups and Predictors of Consumption. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3182. [PMID: 38132073 PMCID: PMC10742791 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking are the most common behaviors related to legal and illicit drug use worldwide, including among university students. To plan effective evidence-based programs to prevent the risky consumption of these substances among university students, the present study aimed to identify potential sociodemographic and study-related risk groups and predictors of consumption. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online health survey with approximately 270 health-related items was conducted among students at the University of Mainz, Germany. Cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score: female ≥ 4, male ≥ 5), and marijuana smoking were chosen as dependent variables. Of the 270 health-related items, 56 were chosen as independent variables and collated into five groups (sociodemographic, psychological, study-related psychosocial, general psychosocial and health behavior). The prevalence of cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking was assessed using established and validated instruments. Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in prevalence between the sociodemographic and study-related groups, and binary logistic regression was used for analyses with stepwise inclusion of the five variable groups. (3) Results: Of the 3991 university students who entered the analyses, 14.9% reported smoking cigarettes, 38.6% reported risky alcohol consumption, and 10.9% reported smoking marijuana. The prevalence of these differed between genders, fields of study, and aspired degree level, among other factors. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed nine significant predictors (p ≤ 0.05) of cigarette smoking (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.314), 18 significant predictors of risky alcohol consumption (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.270), and 16 significant predictors of marijuana smoking (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.239). (4) Conclusions: This study showed cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking among university students in Germany to be associated with multiple factors, especially health behaviors. Furthermore, each of the substances was highly associated with each of the two other substances we examined. Other variable groups, such as psychological or psychosocial variables, seemed to play a rather minor role. Therefore, our recommendation for future prevention programs is that substance use among university students should be addressed as a whole, not just in terms of specific substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo A. Hoff
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Sebastian Heller
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ana Nanette Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
- Nursing Science, Diagnostics in Healthcare and E-Health, Trier University, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Department of Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute of Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
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Patalano SD, Fuxman Bass P, Fuxman Bass JI. Transcription factors in the development and treatment of immune disorders. Transcription 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38100543 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2294623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune function is highly controlled at the transcriptional level by the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to promoter and enhancer elements. Several TF families play major roles in immune gene expression, including NF-κB, STAT, IRF, AP-1, NRs, and NFAT, which trigger anti-pathogen responses, promote cell differentiation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. Aberrant expression, activation, or sequence of isoforms and variants of these TFs can result in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as hematological and solid tumor cancers. For this reason, TFs have become attractive drug targets, even though most were previously deemed "undruggable" due to their lack of small molecule binding pockets and the presence of intrinsically disordered regions. However, several aspects of TF structure and function can be targeted for therapeutic intervention, such as ligand-binding domains, protein-protein interactions between TFs and with cofactors, TF-DNA binding, TF stability, upstream signaling pathways, and TF expression. In this review, we provide an overview of each of the important TF families, how they function in immunity, and some related diseases they are involved in. Additionally, we discuss the ways of targeting TFs with drugs along with recent research developments in these areas and their clinical applications, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of targeting TFs for the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Patalano
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula Fuxman Bass
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Fuxman Bass
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Ben-Aharon I, Rotem R, Melzer-Cohen C, Twig G, Cercek A, Half E, Goshen-Lago T, Chodik G, Kelsen D. Pharmaceutical Agents as Potential Drivers in the Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Case-Control Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e50110. [PMID: 37933755 PMCID: PMC10753427 DOI: 10.2196/50110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) rose abruptly in the mid 1990s, is continuing to increase, and has now been noted in many countries. By 2030, 25% of American patients diagnosed with rectal cancer will be 49 years or younger. The large majority of EOCRC cases are not found in patients with germline cancer susceptibility mutations (eg, Lynch syndrome) or inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, environmental or lifestyle factors are suspected drivers. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol, or antibiotics affecting the gut microbiome have been proposed. However, these factors, which have been present since the 1950s, have not yet been conclusively linked to the abrupt increase in EOCRC. The sharp increase suggests the introduction of a new risk factor for young people. We hypothesized that the driver may be an off-target effect of a pharmaceutical agent (ie, one requiring regulatory approval before its use in the general population or an off-label use of a previously approved agent) in a genetically susceptible subgroup of young adults. If a pharmaceutical agent is an EOCRC driving factor, regulatory risk mitigation strategies could be used. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the possibility that pharmaceutical agents serve as risk factors for EOCRC. METHODS We conducted a case-control study. Data including demographics, comorbidities, and complete medication dispensing history were obtained from the electronic medical records database of Maccabi Healthcare Services, a state-mandated health provider covering 26% of the Israeli population. The participants included 941 patients with EOCRC (≤50 years of age) diagnosed during 2001-2019 who were density matched at a ratio of 1:10 with 9410 control patients. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and those with a known inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome were excluded. An advanced machine learning algorithm based on gradient boosted decision trees coupled with Bayesian model optimization and repeated data sampling was used to sort through the very high-dimensional drug dispensing data to identify specific medication groups that were consistently linked with EOCRC while allowing for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between medications. Odds ratios for the identified medication classes were obtained from a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS Out of more than 800 medication classes, we identified several classes that were consistently associated with EOCRC risk across independently trained models. Interactions between medication groups did not seem to substantially affect the risk. In our analysis, drug groups that were consistently positively associated with EOCRC included beta blockers and valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Antibiotics were not consistently associated with EOCRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the development of EOCRC may be correlated with prior use of specific medications. Additional analyses should be used to validate the results. The mechanism of action inducing EOCRC by candidate pharmaceutical agents will then need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Ben-Aharon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Rotem
- Harvard T Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheli Melzer-Cohen
- KSM Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- The Institute of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Half
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Goshen-Lago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodik
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Kelsen
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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Zhang Q, Wen C, Zhao L, Wang Y. A Comprehensive Review of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Bruton Tyrosine Kinase: Synthetic Approaches and Clinical Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:8037. [PMID: 38138527 PMCID: PMC10746017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential enzyme in the signaling pathway of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and is vital for the growth and activation of B-cells. Dysfunction of BTK has been linked to different types of B-cell cancers, autoimmune conditions, and inflammatory ailments. Therefore, focusing on BTK has become a hopeful approach in the field of therapeutics. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have been developed to selectively inhibit its activity and disrupt B-cell signaling pathways. These inhibitors bind to the active site of BTK and prevent its phosphorylation, leading to the inhibition of downstream signaling cascades. Regulatory authorities have granted approval to treat B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), with multiple small-molecule BTK inhibitors. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and clinical application of conventional small-molecule BTK inhibitors at various clinical stages, as well as presents promising prospects for the advancement of new small-molecule BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China; (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Changming Wen
- Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China; (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yatao Wang
- First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476100, China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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Zhou H, Kang Y, Tang D, Lan L. Editorial: Sepsis: basic, clinical and therapeutic approaches, volume II. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1339116. [PMID: 38125885 PMCID: PMC10731456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lefu Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ben Salem C, Denguezli M. Commonly prescribed medications associated with alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e281. [PMID: 37633463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaker Ben Salem
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance Center of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Yasrebi-de Kom IAR, Dongelmans DA, Abu-Hanna A, Schut MC, de Lange DW, van Roon EN, de Jonge E, Bouman CSC, de Keizer NF, Jager KJ, Klopotowska JE. Acute kidney injury associated with nephrotoxic drugs in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study using electronic health record data. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2549-2558. [PMID: 38045998 PMCID: PMC10689186 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrotoxic drugs frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, there is a lack of large pharmaco-epidemiological studies investigating the associations between drugs and AKI. Importantly, AKI risk factors may also be indications or contraindications for drugs and thereby confound the associations. Here, we aimed to estimate the associations between commonly administered (potentially) nephrotoxic drug groups and AKI in adult ICU patients whilst adjusting for confounding. Methods In this multicenter retrospective observational study, we included adult ICU admissions to 13 Dutch ICUs. We measured exposure to 44 predefined (potentially) nephrotoxic drug groups. The outcome was AKI during ICU admission. The association between each drug group and AKI was estimated using etiological cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted for confounding. To facilitate an (independent) informed assessment of residual confounding, we manually identified drug group-specific confounders using a large drug knowledge database and existing literature. Results We included 92 616 ICU admissions, of which 13 492 developed AKI (15%). We found 14 drug groups to be associated with a higher hazard of AKI after adjustment for confounding. These groups included established (e.g. aminoglycosides), less well established (e.g. opioids) and controversial (e.g. sympathomimetics with α- and β-effect) drugs. Conclusions The results confirm existing insights and provide new ones regarding drug associated AKI in adult ICU patients. These insights warrant caution and extra monitoring when prescribing nephrotoxic drugs in the ICU and indicate which drug groups require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izak A R Yasrebi-de Kom
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave A Dongelmans
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ameen Abu-Hanna
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Schut
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Department of Intensive Care and Dutch Poison Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric N van Roon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Evert de Jonge
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine S C Bouman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette F de Keizer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty J Jager
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna E Klopotowska
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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95
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Houix M, Humbert I, Mabileau G, Chapelet G, Sauvaget A, Gohier B, Armand-Branger S, Huon JF, D'Acremont F, Bulteau S. [How potentially inapropriate are psychotropic drugs prescribing in acute psychiatric unit for the elderly? Results from a large multicentric audit in France]. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2023; 21:496-505. [PMID: 38269564 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2023.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major public health issue, especially when it comes to the elderly. Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) are one of the causes of ADRs in older people. A PIP can be defined as a prescription for which the benefit/risk ratio is unfavourable compared to other therapeutic alternatives. Psychotropic drugs are the second highest risk class for ADRs in the elderly. In order to reduce the prevalence of PIP, prescription assistance tools have been created. An inventory of PIP of psychotropic drugs in older patients hospitalized in psychiatry units was carried out in a French regional setting in 2019. A criteria grid was established based on 2 tools: STOPP/START criteria and Laroche's list adapted to French practice. This grid targeted each class of psychotropic drugs, drugs with a high anticholinergic burden and non-recommended combinations of psychotropic drugs. Three hundred forty-seven patients were included. A high prevalence of PPI was found for each class of psychotropic drugs. The highest prevalence of PPI was found among benzodiazepines (90.3%): long-term prescription, long half-life drugs, respiratory insufficiency or cognitive impairment condition. 56.5% of the subjects had a not-recommended combination of psychotropic drugs (prescription of drugs of the same pharmacotherapeutic class), 26% had a PIP of antipsychotics: prescription for insomnia, use of phenothiazine, 11.8% of drugs with anticholinergic properties and 7.4% of antidepressants: especially prescription of tricyclic drugs. These results obtained on a large population underline the interest of considering the specificities of prescriptions in the elderly. It shows both the interest and the limits of the current criteria defining the PIP in the context of a hospitalization in psychiatry for an acute disorder in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Houix
- Service pharmacie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, France, Service pharmacie, Centre de santé mentale Angevin (Cesame), Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire, France
| | - Ilia Humbert
- Département de psychiatrie et addictologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, France
| | | | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Pôle de gérontologie clinique, centre hospitalier universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Département de psychiatrie et addictologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Gohier
- Département de psychiatrie et addictologie, centre hospitalier universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Armand-Branger
- Service pharmacie, Centre de santé mentale Angevin (Cesame), Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire, France
| | | | - Fanny D'Acremont
- Service pharmacie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, France
| | - Samuel Bulteau
- Département de psychiatrie et addictologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, France
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96
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Noh Y, Kim M, Hong SH. Identification of Emotional Spectrums of Patients Taking an Erectile Dysfunction Medication: Ontology-Based Emotion Analysis of Patient Medication Reviews on Social Media. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e50152. [PMID: 38019570 PMCID: PMC10719816 DOI: 10.2196/50152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient medication reviews on social networking sites provide valuable insights into the experiences and sentiments of individuals taking specific medications. Understanding the emotional spectrum expressed by patients can shed light on their overall satisfaction with medication treatment. This study aims to explore the emotions expressed by patients taking phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and their impact on sentiment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) identify the distribution of 6 Parrot emotions in patient medication reviews across different patient characteristics and PDE5 inhibitors, (2) determine the relative impact of each emotion on the overall sentiment derived from the language expressed in each patient medication review while controlling for different patient characteristics and PDE5 inhibitors, and (3) assess the predictive power of the overall sentiment in explaining patient satisfaction with medication treatment. METHODS A data set of patient medication reviews for sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil was collected from 3 popular social networking sites such as WebMD, Ask-a-Patient, and Drugs.com. The Parrot emotion model, which categorizes emotions into 6 primary classes (surprise, anger, love, joy, sadness, and fear), was used to analyze the emotional content of the reviews. Logistic regression and sentiment analysis techniques were used to examine the distribution of emotions across different patient characteristics and PDE5 inhibitors and to quantify their contribution to sentiment. RESULTS The analysis included 3070 patient medication reviews. The most prevalent emotions expressed were joy and sadness, with joy being the most prevalent among positive emotions and sadness being the most prevalent among negative emotions. Emotion distributions varied across patient characteristics and PDE5 inhibitors. Regression analysis revealed that joy had the strongest positive impact on sentiment, while sadness had the most negative impact. The sentiment score derived from patient reviews significantly predicted patient satisfaction with medication treatment, explaining 19% of the variance (increase in R2) when controlling for patient characteristics and PDE5 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the emotional experiences of patients taking PDE5 inhibitors. The findings highlight the importance of emotions in shaping patient sentiment and satisfaction with medication treatment. Understanding these emotional dynamics can aid health care providers in better addressing patient needs and improving overall patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryanne Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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97
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Piñeiro B, Spijker JJA, Trias-Llimós S, Blanes Llorens A, Permanyer I. Trends in cause-specific mortality: deaths of despair in Spain, 1980-2019. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:854-862. [PMID: 37491646 PMCID: PMC10687877 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research from various countries has shown increases in alcohol- and drug-related deaths and suicide, known as 'deaths of despair' over recent decades, particularly among low-educated middle-aged individuals. However, little is known about trends in death-of-despair causes in Spain. Therefore, we aim to descriptively examine this among 25-64-year-olds from 1980 to 2019 and by educational attainment for the years 2017-19. METHODS We obtained mortality and population data from the National Institute of Statistics to estimate age-standardized mortality rates and assess educational inequalities using the relative index of inequality (RII). RESULTS Deaths of despair as a share of total mortality slightly increased from 2000 onwards, particularly among 25-64-year-old men (from 9 to 10%). Only alcohol-related mortality declined relatively more since 1980 compared with all-cause mortality. Regarding educational differences, low-educated men presented higher mortality rates in all death-of-despair causes (alcohol-related: RII 3.54 (95% CI: 2.21-5.66); drug-related: RII 3.49 (95% CI: 1.80-6.77); suicide: RII 1.97 (95% CI: 1.49-2.61)). Women noteworthy differences were only observed for alcohol-related (RII 3.50 (95% CI: 2.13-5.75)). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest an increasing proportion of deaths of despair among 25-64-year-olds since 2000, particularly among men. Public health policies are needed to reduce and prevent these premature and preventable causes of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Piñeiro
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen J A Spijker
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Trias-Llimós
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amand Blanes Llorens
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Permanyer
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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98
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Bunn TL, Costich JF, Mirzaian M, Daniels LK, Wang D, Quesinberry D. Interrupted time series analysis of drug overdose fatalities in service-related industries versus non-service-related industries during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2018-2021. Inj Prev 2023; 29:511-518. [PMID: 37648420 PMCID: PMC10715517 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation among industries in the association between COVID-19-related closing or reopening orders and drug overdose deaths is unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare drug overdose decedent demographics, annual drug overdose fatality rates and monthly drug overdose fatality rates by specific industry within the service-related industry sector, and to perform an interrupted time series analysis comparing weekly drug overdose mortality counts in service-related and non-service-related industries, examining the COVID-19 pre-pandemic and pandemic phases by Kentucky closing and reopening orders. METHODS Kentucky drug overdose death certificate and toxicology testing data for years 2018-2021 were analysed using Χ2 and interrupted time series methods. RESULTS Before the pandemic, annual drug overdose fatality rates in service-related industries were higher than in non-service-related industries. However, these trends reversed during the pandemic. Both service-related and non-service-related industry groups experienced increased fatal drug overdoses at change points associated with the gubernatorial business closure orders, although the magnitude of the increase differed between the two groups. Young, female and black workers in service-related industries had higher frequencies of drug overdose deaths compared with decedents in the non-service-related industries. CONCLUSION Spikes in drug overdose mortality in both service-related and non-service-related industries during the pandemic highlight the need to consider and include industries and occupations, as well as worker populations vulnerable to infectious diseases, as integral stakeholder groups when developing and implementing drug overdose prevention interventions, and implementing infectious disease surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Bunn
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julia F Costich
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mira Mirzaian
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lara K Daniels
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dana Quesinberry
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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99
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Lai KKH, Li EYM, Chan RYC, Chu WCW, Cheng ACO, Chan KKW, Chin JKY, Kwok JSW, Io IYF, Yip NKF, Li KKW, Chan WH, Lam NM, Yip WWK, Young AL, Chan E, Ko CKL, Ko STC, Yuen HKL, Tham CCY, Pang CP, Chong KKL. Treatment outcomes and their determinants of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease: a territory-wide cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1920-1924. [PMID: 36288914 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2021-320936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral corticosteroid remains the first-line treatment of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, but steroid-dependence is common and serious. Factors associated with steroid dependence and relapse have to be further explored. STUDY POPULATION A city-wide, biopsy-proven, Chinese cohort. METHODS Retrospective, masked review of medical records, orbital images and histopathology reports. RESULTS There were 101 patients with at least 24-month follow-up. Up to 82% (82/101) received oral corticosteroid as first-line treatments, and 7 of them received also concomitant steroid-sparing agents (SSA)/biological agents as primary treatment. There was 61% (50/82) of patients required long-term corticosteroid (alone=23, with SSA=27) after 1.9±0.7 (range 1-5) relapses. When compared with the 21% (17/82) of patients who tapered corticosteroid successfully for 24 months, steroid dependence was associated with elevated baseline serum IgG4 level (94% vs 65%, p<0.01) and Mikulicz syndrome (46% vs 18%, p<0.05). Up to 13% (11/82) of patients tolerated residual disease after tapering off corticosteroid. There was 17% (17/101) of patients did not require any medications after biopsies. They were more likely to have debulking surgeries (71% vs 40%, p<0.05), discrete orbital lesions (65% vs 26%, p<0.05), normal baseline serum IgG4 level (24% vs 6%, p<0.05) and no Mikulicz syndrome (94% vs 61%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION In this cohort, 60% of patients required long-term maintenance oral corticosteroid. Elevated pretreatment serum IgG4 level and Mikulicz syndrome were associated with steroid dependence. Debulking surgery is an alternative for a subgroup of patients with discrete orbital lesions, normal baseline IgG4 level and no Mikulicz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K H Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmy Y M Li
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Regine Y C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy C O Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen K W Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Joyce K Y Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeremy S W Kwok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ida Y F Io
- Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Center, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nelson K F Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth K W Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Ho Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai Man Lam
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wilson W K Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Edwin Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Callie K L Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon T C Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hunter K L Yuen
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Clement C Y Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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100
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Mauschitz MM, Verzijden T, Schuster AK, Elbaz H, Pfeiffer N, Khawaja A, Luben RN, Foster PJ, Rauscher FG, Wirkner K, Kirsten T, Jonas JB, Bikbov MM, Hogg R, Peto T, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Bertelsen G, Erke MG, Topouzis F, Giannoulis DA, Brandl C, Heid IM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Gabrielle PH, Hense HW, Pauleikhoff D, Barreto P, Coimbra R, Piermarocchi S, Daien V, Holz FG, Delcourt C, Finger RP. Association of lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetic drugs with age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis in Europeans. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1880-1886. [PMID: 36344262 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the association of commonly used systemic medications with prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general population. METHODS We included 38 694 adults from 14 population-based and hospital-based studies from the European Eye Epidemiology consortium. We examined associations between the use of systemic medications and any prevalent AMD as well as any late AMD using multivariable logistic regression modelling per study and pooled results using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Between studies, mean age ranged from 61.5±7.1 to 82.6±3.8 years and prevalence ranged from 12.1% to 64.5% and from 0.5% to 35.5% for any and late AMD, respectively. In the meta-analysis of fully adjusted multivariable models, lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) and antidiabetic drugs were associated with lower prevalent any AMD (OR 0.85, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.91 and OR 0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.91). We found no association with late AMD or with any other medication. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a potential beneficial effect of LLD and antidiabetic drug use on prevalence of AMD across multiple European cohorts. Our findings support the importance of metabolic processes in the multifactorial aetiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hisham Elbaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja Gran Erke
- Directorate of eHealth, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Giannoulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Werner Hense
- University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Barreto
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Coimbra
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stefano Piermarocchi
- Padova-Camposampiero Hospital, Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent Daien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, F-34091 Montpellier, France
- The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cecile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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