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Joa KL, Kwon SY, Choi JW, Hong SE, Kim CH, Jung HY. Classification of walking ability of household walkers versus community walkers based on K-BBS, gait velocity and upright motor control. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:619-625. [PMID: 25311883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few guidelines are available to assist clinicians with assessment of whether a patient is a household or community walker. AIM To assess the Korean Berg balance scale (K-BBS) and gait velocity cut-off points of a household walker versus a community walker and evaluate which combinations of the three scales (K-BBS, upright motor control test (UMCT), and gait velocity) best assessed walking ability. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient. POPULATION A total of 124 stroke patients with walking difficulty. METHODS Participants were classified into one of six walking classifications (three household walkers and three community walkers) and K-BBS, UMCT, and gait velocity were evaluated. The optimal cut-off scores for walking classification were determined based on received operator characteristic (ROC) analyses. RESULTS The cut-off value of K-BBS for dividing the household walker versus the community walker was 42 points. The cut-off value of gait velocity was 48 m/s for the community walker. The area under the ROC curve of the combined K-BBS and gait velocity values was larger than that of each individual scale and those of the other combined scales. CONCLUSION The results suggest that K-BBS, gait velocity, and UMCT are useful instruments for classifying household ambulation and community ambulation. The authors recommend K-BBS as single scale and K-BBS and gait velocity as combined scales for evaluating community ambulation in stroke patients CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT In this report, we have some clinical implication. We recommend 3 outcome measures to assess walking ability about home or community; K-BBS (>42 points), gait speed (>48 m/min), UMCT (strong grade in either knee flexion of extension). Suggesting cut-off points of Korean Berg balance scale, gait velocity, and level of upright motor control test for community ambulation could be used as outcome measures to evaluate patient's actual performance level. It is also important to combine several scales for determining walking classification. We suggest to evaluate walking ability by combining K-BBS and UMCT to best predict community ambulation.
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Gabor KA, Charette JR, Pietraszewski MJ, Wingfield DJ, Shim JS, Millard PJ, Kim CH. A DN-mda5 transgenic zebrafish model demonstrates that Mda5 plays an important role in snakehead rhabdovirus resistance. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:298-304. [PMID: 25634485 PMCID: PMC4442029 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family, which is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that detects viral nucleic acids. Here we show an Mda5-dependent response to rhabdovirus infection in vivo using a dominant-negative mda5 transgenic zebrafish. Dominant-negative mda5 zebrafish embryos displayed an impaired antiviral immune response compared to wild-type counterparts that can be rescued by recombinant full-length Mda5. To our knowledge, we have generated the first dominant-negative mda5 transgenic zebrafish and demonstrated a critical role for Mda5 in the antiviral response to rhabdovirus.
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Kim CH, Shin JE, Song CI, Yoo MH, Park HJ. Vertical components of head-shaking nystagmus in vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease and migrainous vertigo. Clin Otolaryngol 2015; 39:261-5. [PMID: 25042770 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe vertical and horizontal components of head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) in various vestibular disorders. DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Tertiary care academic referral centre. PARTICIPANTS Head-shaking nystagmus was assessed in 66 vestibular neuritis (VN) patients at acute (<7 days) and follow-up (2 months), and 65 Meniere's disease (MD) and 76 migrainous vertigo (MV) in interictal period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Head-shaking nystagmus was categorised as pure horizontal, pure vertical or mixed. Horizontal HSN was classified as monophasic or biphasic and paretic or recovery. Vertical HSN was classified as upbeat or downbeat. RESULTS Abnormal HSN (pathologic monophasic, biphasic or delayed-peak HSN) showed different positive rates depending on the vestibular disorders and compensation (94% in acute VN; 89% in FU VN; 78% in MD; 50% in MV). Paretic HSN with the nystagmus towards the lesioned side was the most common type in VN and MD; however, recovery HSN with the nystagmus towards the intact side could be rarely observed especially in patients with MD or compensated VN. Vertical nystagmus could be combined with horizontal HSN, and upbeat HSN was observed in most (83%) of the patients with acute VN, but downbeat HSN was common in follow-up VN (83%), MD (97%) and MV (85%). Weak perverted HSN, which is assumed to be a central nystagmus, was rarely observed in MD and MV (6-9%), but not in VN. CONCLUSIONS Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) in horizontal plane is a valuable tool in the assessment of vestibular imbalance. Common observation of upbeat HSN in acute VN and downbeat HSN in follow-up VN, MD and MV suggests that vertical components are possibly related to the involvement of vestibular apparatus and compensation. Weak perverted HSN and delayed-peak HSN were rarely observed in MD and MV, and never observed in VN, suggesting that it is possibly related to either asymmetrically impaired vertical canals or misorientation of the velocity-storage system.
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Jin S, Park TM, Kim CH, Kim JS, Le BD, Jeong YH, Kwak JY, Yoon S. Three-dimensional migration of neutrophils through an electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Biotechniques 2015; 58:285-92. [PMID: 26054764 DOI: 10.2144/000114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of immune cell migration is important for understanding the immune system network, which is associated with the response to foreign cells. Neutrophils act against foreign cells before any other immune cell, and they must be able to change shape and squeeze through narrow spaces in the extracellular matrix (ECM) during migration to sites of infection. Conventional in vitro migration assays are typically performed on two-dimensional substrates that fail to reproduce the three-dimensional (3-D) nature of the ECM. Here we present an in vitro method to simulate the 3-D migration of neutrophils using an electrospun nanofibrous membrane, which is similar to the ECM in terms of morphology. We examined the properties of neutrophil movement and the effects of gravity and the presence of IL-8, which has been widely used as a chemotactic attractant for neutrophils. The number of neutrophils passing through the nanofibrous membrane were higher, and their movement was more active in the presence of IL-8. Also, we confirmed that neutrophils could migrate against gravity toward IL-8 through a nanofibrous membrane.
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Lee SY, Choi JE, Jeon HS, Hong MJ, Choi YY, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Lee EB, Jeong JY, Lee WK, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim YT, Jheon S, Son JW, Park JY. A genetic variation in microRNA target site of KRT81 gene is associated with survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1142-1148. [PMID: 25716425 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in carcinogenesis through negative regulation of their target genes. Therefore, genetic variations in miRNAs or their target sites may affect miRNA-mRNA interactions, thereby result in altered expression of target genes. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in the miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs) and survival of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Using public SNP database and miRNA target sites prediction program, 354 poly-miRTSs were selected for genotyping. Among these, 154 SNPs applicable to Sequenom's MassARRAY platform were investigated in 357 patients. A replication study was carried out on an independent patient population (n = 479). Renilla luciferase assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to examine functional relevance of potentially functional poly-miRTSs. RESULTS Of the 154 SNPs analyzed in a discovery set, 14 SNPs were significantly associated with survival outcomes. Among these, KRT81 rs3660G>C was found to be associated with survival outcomes in the validation cohort. In the combined analysis, patients with the rs3660 GC + CC genotype had a significantly better overall survival compared with those with GG genotype [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OS, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.85; P = 0.001]. An increased expression of the reporter gene for the C allele of rs3660 compared with the G allele was observed by luciferase assay. Consistently, the C allele was associated with higher relative expression level of KRT81 in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION The rs3660G>C affects KRT81 expression and thus influences survival in early-stage NSCLC. The analysis of the rs3660G>C polymorphism may be useful to identify patients at high risk of a poor disease outcome.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Aged
- Binding Sites
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Nie YF, King PDC, Kim CH, Uchida M, Wei HI, Faeth BD, Ruf JP, Ruff JPC, Xie L, Pan X, Fennie CJ, Schlom DG, Shen KM. Interplay of spin-orbit interactions, dimensionality, and octahedral rotations in semimetallic SrIrO(3). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:016401. [PMID: 25615483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We employ reactive molecular-beam epitaxy to synthesize the metastable perovskite SrIrO(3) and utilize in situ angle-resolved photoemission to reveal its electronic structure as an exotic narrow-band semimetal. We discover remarkably narrow bands which originate from a confluence of strong spin-orbit interactions, dimensionality, and both in- and out-of-plane IrO(6) octahedral rotations. The partial occupation of numerous bands with strongly mixed orbital characters signals the breakdown of the single-band Mott picture that characterizes its insulating two-dimensional counterpart, Sr(2)IrO(4), illustrating the power of structure-property relations for manipulating the subtle balance between spin-orbit interactions and electron-electron interactions.
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Lee J, Lee SY, Lim JK, Yoo SS, Lee SY, Cha SI, Park JY, Kim CH. Radiologic and laboratory differences in patients with tuberculous and parapneumonic pleural effusions showing non-lymphocytic predominance and high adenosine deaminase levels. Infection 2014; 43:65-71. [PMID: 25385057 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is characterized by lymphocytic predominance and high adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels. However, TPEs sometimes present non-lymphocytic predominance, and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) often exceeds the cutoff value of ADA for TPE. Thus, the differential diagnosis of cases with pleural fluid (PF) showing non-lymphocytic predominance and high ADA levels is challenging. However, limited data concerning the clinical differences in these patients are available. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on TPE and PPE patients with PF showing non-lymphocytic predominance and ADA levels ≥40 U/L in 2009-2013 in a South Korean tertiary referral hospital. The clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography (CT) findings between the groups were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to develop a prediction model with independent factors for TPE. RESULTS Among 353 patients with TPE, 24 (6.8 %) showed PF with non-lymphocytic predominance and ADA levels of ≥40 U/L. Twenty-eight PPE patients who presented PF findings comparable with those of TPE patients were included in the control group. In the final analysis, PF ADA levels >58 U/L and nodular lung lesions on CT were independent positive predictors, while loculated effusion was an independent negative predictor for TPE. Using the prediction model, a score ≥ +3 provided a sensitivity of 88 %, specificity of 93 %, positive predictive value of 91 %, and negative predictive value of 90 % for TPE. CONCLUSION PF ADA levels, nodular lung lesions, and loculated pleural effusion may help differentiate TPE from PPE in patients with PF showing non-lymphocytic predominance and ADA levels ≥40 U/L.
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Kim WJ, Shin EH, Kong HJ, Kim HS, Kim BS, Nam BH, Kim YO, Kim CH, Jung H, An CM. Characterization of novel microsatellite markers derived from Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii) genomic library. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:8147-52. [PMID: 25299199 DOI: 10.4238/2014.october.7.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii) is a freshwater fish endemic to Korea. Natural populations of this species have experienced severe declines as a result of habitat fragmentation and water pollution. To conserve and restore R. uyekii, the genetic diversity of this species needs to be assessed at the population level. Eighteen novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for R. uyekii were developed using an enriched partial genomic library. Polymorphisms at these loci were studied in 150 individuals collected from three populations. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 3 to 47 (mean = 17.1). Within the populations, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.032 to 1.000, expected heterozygosity from 0.082 to 0.967, and polymorphism information content from 0.078 to 0.950. Six loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni's correction, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between most locus pairs, except in three cases. These highly informative microsatellite markers should be useful for genetic population structure analyses of R. uyekii.
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Lim SY, Kim YH, Kim CH, Cho MK, Kim JW, Kang WD, Kim SM, Cho HY, Ahn KY, Lee KH, Song TB. The effect of a Foley catheter balloon on cervical ripening. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 33:830-8. [PMID: 24219725 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.831043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Foley catheter balloon may affect cervical ripening through changes in biochemical mediators by immunoassay and immunohistochemistry, when it is used for pre-induction cervical ripening. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the biochemical mediators from the extra-amniotic space and immunohistochemistry in ripened cervical tissue after the insertion of a Foley catheter balloon (FCB) for pre-induction cervical ripening. A total of 18 pregnant women with a Bishop's score < 6, who were undergoing labour induction, were evaluated in this prospective study. The FCB was irrigated with 10 ml of phosphate buffered saline and the irrigant was collected 0, 2, 4 and 8 h after placement of the FCB or until spontaneous expulsion of the FCB occurred. Irrigant specimens were also collected from 10 spontaneous labouring (SL) women in the active phase of labour. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and NO were measured. Cervical specimens were obtained from 12 women, including four undergoing induction; four SL and four non-pregnant (NP) women. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to localise hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-8 significantly increased over time in FCB group (p < 0.01). In the immunohistochemical analysis of cervical tissues, immunoreactivity of HAS-1 in the after FCB group was stronger than any of the other groups. The protein expressions of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8, eNOS and iNOS were more prominent in the after FCB and SL groups than in the NP and the before FCB groups. iNOS was only observed in the after FCB and SL groups. It was concluded that FCB may affect cervical ripening through changes in biochemical mediators by immunoassay and immunohistochemistry, when it is used for pre-induction cervical ripening.
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Ahn JH, Cho YD, Kang HS, Kim JE, Cho WS, Jung SC, Kim CH, Han MH. Endovascular treatment of ophthalmic artery aneurysms: assessing balloon test occlusion and preservation of vision in coil embolization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:2146-52. [PMID: 24970549 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ICA-ophthalmic artery aneurysms have unique configurations corresponding to relative risks of ophthalmologic morbidities. Presented herein are clinical and radiologic outcomes of coil embolization in ophthalmic artery aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2003 to September 2013, endovascular coiling was performed in 43 consecutive patients with ophthalmic artery aneurysms, each classified by the degree to which the ophthalmic artery was incorporated by the aneurysm and the contiguity between the ophthalmic artery entry and parent ICA. Clinical and radiologic outcomes of this approach were investigated, including the technical aspects of treatment and the efficacy of balloon test occlusion. RESULTS Among 14 patients (32.6%, all ophthalmic artery types) undergoing balloon test occlusion before endovascular coiling, patent collaterals between the external carotid artery and ophthalmic artery were demonstrated in 12 (85.7%) and complete compromise of the ophthalmic artery (without affecting vision) occurred in 4 patients during coiling. Steam-shaped S-configured (67.9%) or straight microcatheters (17.8%) facilitated aneurysm selection in most of the superiorly directed ophthalmic artery aneurysms (n = 28), and steam-shaped pigtail microcatheters (85.7%) were useful in medially directed aneurysms (n = 14). Balloon protection (n = 22) was generally used to facilitate coiling, or a stent (n = 9) was alternatively deployed. Satisfactory aneurysmal occlusion was achieved through coil embolization in 37 lesions (86.1%). During follow-up of 35 patients (mean interval, 12.9 ± 9.4 months), only 1 instance (2.9%) of major recanalization was observed. CONCLUSIONS If one tailors technical strategies, ophthalmic artery aneurysms are amenable to safe and effective endovascular coil embolization, which tends to be stable in follow-up. Balloon test occlusion may be helpful in devising treatment strategies to preserve vision when coiling ophthalmic artery aneurysms (especially those incorporating an ophthalmic artery origin) is done.
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Kim TK, Ji YS, Park MH, Kim CH. Determination of SK3497 in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study of SK3497. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 64:647-50. [PMID: 24918347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and reliable method for the quantitation of SK3497 in rat plasma was developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma samples were prepared by deproteinization, and sildenafil was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase (C18) column. The mobile phase, 0.02 M ammonium acetate buffer:acetonitrile (45:55, v/v), was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column eluent was monitored using an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm at room temperature. The retention times of sildenafil (an internal standard), and SK3497 were approximately 5.6 and 8.3 min, respectively. The detection limit of SK3497 in rat plasma was 0.03 μg/mL. Pharmacokinetic parameters of SK3497 was evaluated after intravenous (i. v.; at doses of 15 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.; at doses of 30 mg/kg) administration of SK3497 in rats. After p.o. administration (30 mg/kg) of SK3497, F-value was approximately 53.0%. The protein binding of SK3497 to 4% human serum albumin were also described.
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Kim CH, Im KH, Yoo SS, Lee SY, Cha SI, Jung HY, Park JY, Yu W, Lee J. Comparison of the incidence between tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease after gastrectomy. Infection 2014; 42:697-704. [PMID: 24817438 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrectomy is a well-known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). However, little data are available regarding the relationship between gastrectomy and the risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease. Here, we investigated the incidence of TB and NTM lung disease in gastrectomized patients. METHOD New cases of TB and NTM lung infection or disease were examined among patients who had undergone gastrectomy due to gastric cancer from 2003 to 2009 at a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Annualized incidence rates for cases were compared with those of the general population. RESULTS This study included a total of 2,684 patients. New mycobacterial cases were found in 41 patients. Cases of TB and NTM lung infection were 35 (85 %) and 6 (15 %) including 2 NTM lung disease cases, respectively. Annualized crude incidence rates for TB, NTM lung infection, and NTM lung disease were 327/100,000, 56/100,000, and 19/100,000, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate of TB was significantly higher in gastrectomized patients than in the general population. However, the standardized incidences of NTM lung infection and disease were not significantly different from those of non-gastrectomized patients. Patients with NTM lung infection frequently exhibited comorbid chronic lung disease, while those with TB were more frequently found to have fibronodular lesions on preoperative chest radiography. CONCLUSIONS Gastrectomy does not appear to increase the risk of NTM lung disease. However, NTM lung infection or disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB in gastrectomized patients accompanying chronic lung disease.
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Cho YD, Jung SC, Kim CH, Ahn JH, Kang HS, Kim JE, Han MH. Posterior Communicating Artery Compromise in Coil Embolization of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms. Clin Neuroradiol 2014; 25:275-9. [PMID: 24794767 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-014-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) can be safely compromised during endovascular treatment of a PcomA aneurysm is a matter of debate. Here we present clinical and radiologic outcomes, given this scenario. METHODS From data prospectively accrued between January 2004 and December 2012, records of 44 patients harboring 46 PcomA aneurysms were retrieved. All had suffered PcomA compromise in the course of endovascular coil embolization. Patients/aneurysms were stratified into those with complete (Group A) and incomplete (Group B) compromise depending on the degree of PcomA flow limitation documented by postembolization ipsilateral internal carotid artery angiography. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were accordingly assessed. RESULTS All affected vessels were hypoplastic PcomA variants (PcomA/P1 ratio, ≤ 1.0), with exception of a single dominant PcomA (PcomA/P1 ratio, 1.1). In Group A (23 patients, 23 aneurysms), no PcomA compromise-related infarction was evident, whereas in Group B (21 patients, 23 aneurysms), two ischemic events occurred. One patient suffered thalamic infarction, although patency of the PcomA was adequate in a follow-up angiogram, and another experienced a transient ischemic attack. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that obstructed flow in hypoplastic PcomA variants during coil embolization of PcomA aneurysms carries no major consequence. However, incomplete compromise of the PcomA may be a source of delayed thromboembolic infarction.
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Hoonpongsimanont W, Murphy M, Kim CH, Nasir D, Compton S. Emergency medicine resident well-being: stress and satisfaction. Occup Med (Lond) 2013; 64:45-8. [PMID: 24306263 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqt139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency medicine (EM) residents are exposed to many work-related stressors, which affect them both physically and emotionally. It is unknown, however, how EM residents perceive the effect of these stressors on their well-being and how often they use unhealthy coping mechanisms to manage stress. AIMS To evaluate EM residents' perceptions of stressors related to their overall well-being and the prevalence of various coping mechanisms. METHODS An online survey instrument was developed to gauge resident stress, satisfaction with current lifestyle, stress coping mechanisms and demographics. A stratified random sample of EM residents from three postgraduate years (PGY-I, PGY-II and PGY-III) was obtained. Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare residents across PGY level. RESULTS There were 120 potential participants in each of the three PGYs. The overall response rate was 30% (109) with mean age of 30 and 61% were male. On a 0-4 scale (0 = completely dissatisfied), respondents in PGY-I reported significantly less satisfaction with lifestyle than those in PGY-II and III (mean rating: 1.29, 1.66 and 1.70, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in mean ratings between PGYs on each of the other stress categories: work relationships (1.37), work environment (1.10) and response to patients (1.08). Residents reported exercise (94%), hobbies (89%) and use of alcohol (71%) as coping methods. CONCLUSIONS Residents reported low satisfaction with current lifestyle. This dissatisfaction was unrelated to perceived work-related stress. Some undesirable coping methods were prevalent, suggesting that training programs could focus on promotion of healthy group activities.
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Kim HJ, Kim CH, Lim SW, Huh JW, Kim YJ, Kim HR. An extended medial to lateral approach to mobilize the splenic flexure during laparoscopic low anterior resection. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15:e93-8. [PMID: 23061515 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this retrospective study of laparoscopic low anterior resection was to compare splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) carried out by an extended medial to lateral approach with that by a lateral approach. METHOD Records of patients with rectal cancer on a prospectively maintained database undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection performed between January 2009 and November 2011 by a single surgeon were analysed. The extended medial to lateral approach involved continuing the medial to lateral approach upwards to enter the lesser sac over the pancreas, thus permitting detachment of the splenic flexure. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-seven patients, including 164 undergoing a lateral SFM and 73 an extended medial to lateral SFM, were evaluated. Both patient groups had similar characteristics except for operative time (152.7 ± 32.7 min extended medial to lateral; 171.5 ± 40.8 min lateral; P < 0.001), postoperatively the interval to oral intake (3.1 ± 0.8 days extended medial to lateral; 3.7 ± 0.9 lateral; P < 0.001) and duration of hospital stay (8.2 ± 2.8 days extended medial to lateral; 10.3 ± 7.5 days lateral; P = 0.002) favoured the extended medial to lateral group. CONCLUSION An extended medial to lateral approach for SFM during laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer appears to be an improvement over the previously used lateral approach, because it may provide a shorter operation time and shorter hospital stay.
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Kim CH, Lim JK, Lee SY, Won DI, Cha SI, Park JY, Lee WK, Lee J. Predictive factors for tuberculosis in patients with a TB-PCR-negative bronchial aspirate. Infection 2013; 41:187-94. [PMID: 23283746 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), with a tuberculosis (TB)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative bronchial aspirate (BA), but a positive culture result is often encountered in clinical practice. However, limited data are available concerning clinical judgment in patients with suspected PTB and a TB-PCR-negative BA pending culture results. The present study aimed to identify predictors for PTB in patients with a TB-PCR-negative BA. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had undergone a bronchoscopy because of suspected PTB. Clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography (CT) findings were investigated in PTB patients with TB-PCR-negative but positive culture BA results, and non-PTB patients with a radiographic lesion comparable to the former. RESULTS Of 250 patients screened, 31 (12 %) were diagnosed with PTB by positive culture results only. Of these 31 patients, 30 (97 %) had a lesion within one-third of the hemithorax as determined by chest radiography. In the final analysis of 30 PTB and 65 non-PTB patients with comparable radiographic lesions, a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) result was independently associated with an increased risk of a positive TB culture. CT findings of consolidation were a negative predictor for PTB. Patients with a negative QFT result and consolidation had a negative predictive value of 95 % for PTB, while patients with a positive QFT result and nodular CT abnormalities without consolidation had a positive predictive value of 86 % for PTB. CONCLUSION The simple combination of CT findings of consolidation and QFT test results may help clinicians to refine decision-making in patients with a TB-PCR-negative BA.
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Kim CH, Kim GB, Chang MB, Bae GS, Paik IK, Kil DY. Effect of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus-fermented Artemisia princeps on growth performance, meat lipid peroxidation, and intestinal microflora in Hy-line Brown male chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2845-51. [PMID: 23091141 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus-fermented Artemisia princeps (LFA) on growth performance, meat lipid peroxidation, and intestinal microflora in Hy-line Brown male chickens. A total of six hundred twenty-four 1-d-old Hy-Line Brown male chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicated pens consisting of 52 chicks. The control diet was formulated to be adequate in energy and nutrients. Two additional diets were prepared by adding 2.5 or 5.0 g/kg of LFA to the control diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the birds during 7 wk. Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded at 2 and 7 wk. At the end of the experiment, 2 birds from each treatment were killed by cervical dislocation and the samples for ileal content, breast, and thigh meat were collected for the determination of meat lipid peroxidation and microbial population. Results indicated that increasing inclusion level of LFA in diets improved BW gain (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and tended to improve feed efficiency (linear and quadratic, P < 0.10) of birds during 0 to 7 wk. Feeding the diets containing increasing amounts of LFA to birds reduced (quadratic, P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values in breast and thigh meat during 15 d of storage. The concentrations of Lactobacillus spp. in the ileal content of birds increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), but those of Salmonella spp. tended to be decreased (quadratic, P < 0.10) as inclusion level of LFA in diets increased. These results suggest that dietary LFA may be used as a functional ingredient to improve growth performance, meat lipid stability, and intestinal health of birds.
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Won JC, Kwon HS, Kim CH, Lee JH, Park TS, Ko KS, Cha BY. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in hospital patients with Type 2 diabetes in Korea. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e290-6. [PMID: 22519862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetic mellitus treated at hospitals in Korea. METHODS Questionnaires and medical records were used to collect data on 4000 patients with Type 2 diabetes from the diabetes clinics of 40 hospitals throughout Korea. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed based on a review of medical records or using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score and monofilament test. RESULTS The prevalence of neuropathy was 33.5% (n = 1338). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, female sex, diabetes duration, lower glycated haemoglobin, treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, presence of retinopathy, history of cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial disease, presence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia, and history of foot ulcer were independently associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Of the patients with neuropathy, 69.8% were treated for the condition and only 12.6% were aware of their neuropathy. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes in Korea and those patients were far more likely to have complications or co-morbidities. The proper management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy deserves attention from clinicians to ensure better management of diabetes in Korea.
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Lee SY, Jeon HM, Ju MK, Kim CH, Jeong EK, Park HG, Kang HS. Snail Switches 5-FU-induced Apoptosis to Necrosis through Akt/PKB Activation and p53 Down-regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2012.22.8.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ratajczak J, Kucia M, Mierzejewska K, Liu R, Kim CH, Natarajan N, Sharma V, Miller DM, Maciejewski J, Ratajczak MZ. A novel view of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria pathogenesis: more motile PNH hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells displace normal HSPCs from their niches in bone marrow due to defective adhesion, enhanced migration and mobilization in response to erythrocyte-released sphingosine-1 phosphate gradient. Leukemia 2012; 26:1722-5. [PMID: 22343521 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shin SY, Shin YH, Lee SW, Shin JY, Kim CH. Blood donors on teratogenic drugs and donor deferral periods in a clinical situation. Vox Sang 2012; 102:362-4. [PMID: 22211799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deferral of blood donors taking teratogenic drugs is critical. From March 2008 to January 2009, we analysed stored blood specimens from donors who had taken teratogenic drugs and whose blood was transfused to women of childbearing age to determine the plasma concentration at the time of donation using high-performance liquid chromatography. In total, 167 specimens were examined. The numbers of specimens exceeding the quantification limit were 7, 39, 4, 2 and 1 for finasteride, isotretinoin, acitretin, etretinate and dutasteride, respectively. Finasteride was beyond the recommended drug deferral period in one specimen. These results may help create practical deferral policies.
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Kim HH, Popova E, Shin DJ, Yi JY, Kim CH, Lee JS, Yoon MK, Engelmann F. Cryobanking of Korean allium germplasm collections: results from a 10 year experience. CRYO LETTERS 2012; 33:45-57. [PMID: 22434122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a 10-year experience in establishing a cryopreserved Allium germplasm collection at the genebank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Republic of Korea. A systematic approach to Allium cryopreservation included: 1. revealing the most critical factors that affected regeneration after cryostorage; 2. understanding the mechanisms of cryoprotection by analyzing the thermal behavior of explants and cryoprotectant solutions using DSC and influx/efflux of cryoprotectants using HPLC; 3. assessing genetic stability of regenerants; and 4. revealing the efficiency of cryotherapy. Bulbil primordia, i.e. asexual bulbs formed on unripe inflorescences, proved to be the most suitable material for conservation of bolting varieties due to high post-cryopreservation regrowth and lower microbial infection level, followed by apical shoot apices from single bulbs and cloves. A total of 1,158 accessions of garlic as well as some Allium species have been cryopreserved during 2005-2010 using the droplet-vitrification technique with a mean regeneration percentage of 65.9 percent after cryostorage. These results open the door for large-scale implementation of cryostorage and for simplifying international exchange for clonal Allium germplasm.
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Cho SY, Park HD, Lee YW, Ki CS, Lee SY, Sohn YB, Park SW, Kim SH, Ji S, Kim SJ, Choi EW, Kim CH, Ko AR, Paik KH, Lee DH, Jin DK. Mutational spectrum in eight Korean patients with 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. Clin Genet 2011; 81:96-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baek JO, Seo JW, Kwon O, Park SM, Kim CH, Kim IH. Production of human papillomavirus type 33 L1 major capsid protein and virus-like particles from Bacillus subtilis to develop a prophylactic vaccine against cervical cancer. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 50:173-80. [PMID: 22305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed a bacterial expression system to produce human papillomavirus (HPV) type 33 L1 major capsid protein and virus-like particles from a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain. For the first time, we have isolated self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV type 33 from B. subtilis, a strain generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The gene encoding the major capsid protein L1 of HPV type 33 was amplified from viral DNA isolated from a Korean patient and expressed in B. subtilis; a xylose-induction system was used to control gene activity. HPV33 L1 protein was partially purified by 40% (w/v) sucrose cushion centrifugation and strong cation exchange column chromatography. Eluted samples exhibited immunosignaling in fractions of 0.5-1.0 M NaCl. The HPV33 L1 protein was shown to be approximately 56 kDa in size by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting; recovery and purity were quantified by indirect immuno-ELISA assay. The final yield and purity were approximately 20.4% and 10.3%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of fractions immunoactive by ELISA revealed that the L1 protein formed self-assembled VLPs with a diameter of approximately 20-40 nm. Humoral and cellular immune responses provoked by the B. subtilis/HPV33 L1 strain were approximately 100- and 3-fold higher than those of the empty B. subtilis strain as a negative control, respectively. Development of a VLP production and delivery system using B. subtilis will be helpful, in that the vaccine may be convenient production as an antigen delivery system. VLPs thus produced will be safer for human use than those purified from Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli. Also, use of B. subtilis as a host may aid in the development of either live or whole cell vaccines administered by antigen delivery system.
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Wu W, Kim CH, Liu R, Kucia M, Marlicz W, Greco N, Ratajczak J, Laughlin MJ, Ratajczak MZ. The bone marrow-expressed antimicrobial cationic peptide LL-37 enhances the responsiveness of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells to an SDF-1 gradient and accelerates their engraftment after transplantation. Leukemia 2011; 26:736-45. [PMID: 21931324 PMCID: PMC3244577 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that the bone marrow (BM) stroma-released LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides, primes/increases the responsiveness of murine and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to an α-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient. Accordingly, LL-37 is upregulated in irradiated BM cells and enhances the chemotactic responsiveness of hematopoietic progenitors from all lineages to a low physiological SDF-1 gradient as well as increasing their (i) adhesiveness, (ii) SDF-1-mediated actin polymerization and (iii) MAPK(p42/44) phosphorylation. Mice transplanted with BM cells ex vivo primed by LL-37 showed accelerated recovery of platelet and neutrophil counts by ∼3-5 days compared with mice transplanted with unprimed control cells. These priming effects were not mediated by LL-37 binding to its receptor and depended instead on the incorporation of the CXCR4 receptor into membrane lipid rafts. We propose that LL-37, which has primarily antimicrobial functions and is harmless to mammalian cells, could be clinically applied to accelerate engraftment as an ex vivo priming agent for transplanted human HSPCs. This novel approach would be particularly important in cord blood transplantations, where the number of HSCs available is usually limited.
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Kim CH, Wu W, Wysoczynski M, Abdel-Latif A, Sunkara M, Morris A, Kucia M, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. Conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation activates the complement cascade and induces a proteolytic environment in bone marrow: a novel role for bioactive lipids and soluble C5b-C9 as homing factors. Leukemia 2011; 26:106-16. [PMID: 21769103 PMCID: PMC3197954 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have observed that conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation by lethal irradiation induces a proteolytic microenvironment in the bone marrow (BM) that activates the complement cascade (CC). As a result, BM is enriched for proteolytic enzymes and the soluble form of the terminal product of CC activation, the membrane attack complex C5b-C9 (MAC). At the same time, proteolytic enzymes induced in irradiated BM impair the chemotactic activity of α-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). As SDF-1 is considered a crucial BM chemoattractant for transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), we sought to determine whether other factors that are resistant to proteolytic enzymes have a role in this process, focusing on proteolysis-resistant bioactive lipids. We found that the concentrations of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) increase in the BM after conditioning for transplantation and that both S1P and, as we show here for the first time, C1P are potent chemoattractants for HSPCs. Next, we observed that C5-deficient mice that do not generate MAC show impaired engraftment of HSPCs. In support of a role for MAC in homing and engraftment, we found that soluble MAC enhances in a CR3 (CD11b/CD18)-dependent manner the adhesion of HSPCs to BM stromal cells and increases the secretion of SDF-1 by BM stroma. We conclude that an increase in BM levels of proteolytic enzyme-resistant S1P and C1P and activation of CC, which leads to the generation of MAC, has an important and previously underappreciated role in the homing of transplanted HSPCs.
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Kim CH, Oh Y, Han K, Seo HW, Kim D, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Expression of secreted and membrane-bound mucins in the airways of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet J 2011; 192:120-2. [PMID: 21652241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate secreted mucins MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B and membrane-bound mucin MUC4 in the pulmonary bronchioles of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Conventional status, Landrace-Duroc cross-bred piglets, 13 days of age, were randomised to two groups. One group (n=20) was infected by the intra-tracheal route with the SNU98703 strain of M. hyopneumoniae, and a group of 12 animals acted as uninfected controls. Five infected and three uninfected piglets were euthanased on the day of infection and at 7, 21, and 35 days post-inoculation (PI). Membrane-bound MUC4 and secreted MUC5AC were the predominant mucins produced in the bronchioles of the piglets in response to M. hyopneumoniae infection, but by day 35 PI, all labelled mucins had returned to pre-infection levels, contemporaneous with reduced pulmonary lesion scores. The increased mucin production may result from direct stimulation of the epithelium by mycoplasmal infection, or may arise indirectly following M. hyopneumoniae-induced ciliostasis.
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Lee JH, Pyon JK, Kim DW, Lee SH, Nam HS, Kang SG, Kim CH, Lee YJ, Chun JS, Cho MK. Expression of RUNX3 in skin cancers. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:769-74. [PMID: 21623876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is reduced in a large number of cancers. However, a few studies have reported higher expression of RUNX3 in several cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In light of this, we explored the expression of RUNX3 in skin cancers generally, to determine whether it acts as an oncogene or a tumour-suppressor gene in skin tumours. AIM To investigate the expression of RUNX3 in normal skin and malignant skin tumours. METHODS RUNX3 expression was evaluated by western blotting in 24 specimens, comprising 6 malignant melanoma (MM), 6 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 BCC and 6 normal skin specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to analyse RUNX3 expression in 16 MM, 16 SCC and 16 BCC specimens. To identify where the protein was expressed, the cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of RUNX3 in skin cancer tissues was determined. A cell-proliferation study was performed on an MM line (G361) by small interfering (si)RNA transfection. RESULTS The western blotting experiments showed that RUNX3 was not expressed in normal skin tissues, but it was overexpressed in all MM and SCC samples, and in five of the six BCC samples. Using immunochemistry, RUNX3 was found to be overexpressed in all cancer tissues analysed. Subcellular fraction analysis revealed that RUNX3 was expressed in the nuclei but not the cytoplasm of all the skin cancer tissues analysed, and RUNX3 silencing by siRNA in G361 cells resulted in a decrease in proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest that RUNX3 has an oncogenic potential and does not act as a tumour suppressor in skin cancers.
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Chung HY, Lee EK, Choi YJ, Kim JM, Kim DH, Zou Y, Kim CH, Lee J, Kim HS, Kim ND, Jung JH, Yu BP. Molecular inflammation as an underlying mechanism of the aging process and age-related diseases. J Dent Res 2011; 90:830-40. [PMID: 21447699 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510387794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process characterized by time-dependent functional declines that are influenced by changes in redox status and by oxidative stress-induced inflammatory reactions. An organism's pro-inflammatory status may underlie the aging process and age-related diseases. In this review, we explore the molecular basis of low-grade, unresolved, subclinical inflammation as a major risk factor for exacerbating the aging process and age-related diseases. We focus on the redox-sensitive transcription factors, NF-κB and FOXO, which play essential roles in the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-oxidant enzymes, respectively. Major players in molecular inflammation are discussed with respect to the age-related up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, cyclo-oxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The molecular inflammation hypothesis proposed by our laboratory is briefly described to give further molecular insights into the intricate interplay among redox balance, pro-inflammatory gene activation, and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases. The final section discusses calorie restriction as an aging-retarding intervention that also exhibits extraordinarily effective anti-inflammatory activity by modulating GSH redox, NF-κB, SIRT1, PPARs, and FOXOs.
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Kim D, Kim CH, Han K, Seo HW, Oh Y, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Vaccine 2011; 29:3206-12. [PMID: 21354247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of two commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines were compared in conventional pigs immunized at different ages based on humoral response, pathological observation, and growth performance from birth to finishing (175 days of age) using a M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 co-infection challenge model. One-week-old pigs (n=110) were randomly assigned to five groups: three vaccinated and challenged (VC), and one each of non-vaccinated and challenged (NVC) and negative control. A significant difference was found in the number of genomic copies of M. hyopneumoniae in nasal swabs and PCV2 in serum samples, the average daily weight gain (gram/pig/day) between 63 and 133 dpi, gross and histopathological lung lesion scores, histopathological lymph node lesion scores, and the immunohistochemical analysis of PCV2 among the three VC groups. The single dose schedule for M. hyopneumoniae bacterins and PCV2 vaccines have the advantages of (i) improving daily weight gain (122.4%) and slaughter weight (120.5%), and (ii) reducing the incidence of clinical signs and lung and lymph node lesions.
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Choi WI, Yim JJ, Park J, Kim SC, Na MJ, Lee WY, Hong SB, Choi HS, Jang SH, Kim WJ, Jeon K, Kim JH, Choi JC, Lee CH, Kim CH, Kim JY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of H1N1-associated pneumonia among adults in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:270-i. [PMID: 21219693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia has been reported to be the most life-threatening complication of influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVE to describe clinical characteristics and determine risk factors for death among patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study included all adult patients diagnosed and treated with H1N1-associated pneumonia in 14 participating institutions between 1 May 2009 and 28 February 2010 in South Korea. Clinical outcomes were summarised and predictors for death evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 269 adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were diagnosed and treated. Hospital visits or admissions peaked in November 2009, coinciding with the peak in the 2009 H1N1 epidemic in South Korea. The patients' median age was 48 years; 143 were male. Most (n = 266, 98.9%) were admitted for treatment: 97 (36.1%) required intensive care and 28 (10.4%) needed mechanical ventilation. Despite the use of antiviral and antibacterial agents, 19 patients (7.1%) died. Risk factors predictive of death included presence of malignancy (aOR 12.0, 95%CI 2.8-51.5), and pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (aOR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSION Deaths among adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were not rare. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a poor prognosis among H1N1-associated pneumonia patients with underlying malignancy or high PSI score.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Critical Care
- Female
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/therapy
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/mortality
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Respiration, Artificial
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Enomoto Y, Kuroda N, Michishio K, Kim CH, Higaki H, Nagata Y, Kanai Y, Torii HA, Corradini M, Leali M, Lodi-Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Venturelli L, Zurlo N, Fujii K, Ohtsuka M, Tanaka K, Imao H, Nagashima Y, Matsuda Y, Juhász B, Mohri A, Yamazaki Y. Synthesis of cold antihydrogen in a cusp trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:243401. [PMID: 21231524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first successful synthesis of cold antihydrogen atoms employing a cusp trap, which consists of a superconducting anti-Helmholtz coil and a stack of multiple ring electrodes. This success opens a new path to make a stringent test of the CPT symmetry via high precision microwave spectroscopy of ground-state hyperfine transitions of antihydrogen atoms.
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Knudsen H, Torii HA, Charlton M, Enomoto Y, Georgescu I, Hunniford CA, Kim CH, Kanai Y, Kristiansen HPE, Kuroda N, Lund MD, McCullough RW, Tökesi K, Uggerhøj UI, Yamazaki Y. Target structure induced suppression of the ionization cross section for very low energy antiproton-hydrogen collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:213201. [PMID: 21231302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Low energy antiprotons have been used previously to give benchmark data for theories of atomic collisions. Here we present measurements of the cross section for single, nondissociative ionization of molecular hydrogen for impact of antiprotons with kinetic energies in the range 2-11 keV, i.e., in the velocity interval of 0.3-0.65 a.u. We find a cross section which is proportional to the projectile velocity, which is quite unlike the behavior of corresponding atomic cross sections, and which has never previously been observed experimentally.
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84
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Ratajczak MZ, Kim CH, Wojakowski W, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Kucia M, Ratajczak J. Innate immunity as orchestrator of stem cell mobilization. Leukemia 2010; 24:1667-75. [PMID: 20703253 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as other types of stem cells, circulate under steady-state conditions at detectable levels in peripheral blood (PB), with their numbers increasing in response to stress, inflammation and tissue/organ injury. This mobilization process may be envisioned as a danger-sensing response mechanism triggered by hypoxia or mechanical or infection-induced tissue damage that recruits into PB different types of stem cells that have a role in immune surveillance and organ/tissue regeneration. Mobilization is also significantly enhanced by the administration of pharmacological agents, which has been exploited in hematological transplantology as a means to obtain HSPCs for hematopoietic reconstitution. In this review we will present mounting evidence that innate immunity orchestrates this evolutionarily conserved mechanism of HSPC mobilization.
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Cheon YP, Kim CH. Progesterone is primary regulator of Cdk2ap1 gene expression and tissue-specific expression in the uterus. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:650-6. [PMID: 20354353 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of endometrial cells is a prerequisite step for functional differentiation in the uterus. A tumor suppressor gene, Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (Cdk2ap1) mRNA was detected in the pregnant uterus and was suggested to be involved in cell proliferation. However, its roles and the mechanisms regulating its expression are largely unknown. In this study, the role of steroid hormones in the expression of Cdk2ap1 was examined using RT-PCR, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization methods. Cdk2ap1 mRNA was highly expressed during the proestrus phase and was mainly localized in the epithelium and subepithelium. Its expression was induced by a single injection of estradiol and progesterone, but the effect of progesterone was stronger than that of estradiol. Injections of progesterone (P1,2) on 2 consecutive days induced Cdk2ap1 expression in the endometrium with the same patterns observed in the proestrus phase, but injections of estradiol (E1,2) on 2 consecutive days did not induce expression. The Cdk2ap1 mRNA level was decreased by combined treatment of progesterone and estradiol (E1+P2,3). RU486 suppressed completely the Cdk2ap1 mRNA expression in P1,2 while ICI 182,780 did not in E1+P2,3. In the uteri on day 4 of gestation, expression of Cdk2ap1 also was regulated by progesterone as expected. Cdk2ap1 mRNA expression was totally suppressed by RU486 but not by ICI 182,780. Thus, it is suggested that Cdk2ap1 expression is primarily regulated by progesterone and the progesterone receptor in uterus and is mainly localized to proliferating tissues.
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Woodburn M, Kim CH. Survival of Clostridium perfringens During Baking and Holding of Turkey Stuffing. Appl Microbiol 2010; 14:914-20. [PMID: 16349696 PMCID: PMC1058443 DOI: 10.1128/am.14.6.914-920.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative cells of three strains of Clostridium perfringens were used as inoculum for bread and onion stuffing for eight lightweight and eight heavyweight turkeys. When stuffed turkeys were refrigerated (5 +/- 1 C for 24 +/- 2 hr), a mean count of 580 vegetative cells of C. perfringens per gram of stuffing was reduced to undetectable levels (<6 per gram) in six of the eight. An inoculum of spores of the three strains used in a second series survived refrigerated holding with no change in numbers. During cooking of the stuffed turkeys in an oven at 94 C, numbers of vegetative cells fell steadily and numbers of spores remained constant or increased slightly (2 of 16 stuffings), until the temperature of the stuffing rose above that permitting growth. Viable C. perfringens cells were recovered from the stuffings at the end of cooking plus 1 hr for the group inoculated with the spore suspension. Storage of these stuffings resulted in marked reductions in numbers after 6 days at 5 +/- 1 C and in increases after 24 +/- 2 hr at 23 +/- 1 C. Cells of a strain which produces spores not considered heat-resistant survived in stuffing in birds cooked to doneness in ovens at 94, 163, and 232 C. In accepted methods of cooking stuffed turkeys, C. perfringens contaminants may survive and create a hazard if subsequent storage is in a temperature range which permits their multiplication.
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Kim I, Kang ES, Yim YS, Ko SJ, Jeong SH, Rim JH, Kim YS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee HC, Kim CH. A low-risk ZnT-8 allele (W325) for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus is protective against cyclosporin A-induced impairment of insulin secretion. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:191-8. [PMID: 20351753 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SLC30A8 encodes the β-cell-specific zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8) expressed in insulin secretory granules. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13266634 of SLC30A8 is associated with susceptibility to post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). We tested the hypothesis that the polymorphic residue at position 325 of ZnT-8 determines the susceptibility to cyclosporin A (CsA) suppression of insulin secretion. INS (insulinoma)-1E cells expressing the W325 variant showed enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and were less sensitive to CsA suppression of GSIS. A reduced number of insulin granule fusion events accompanied the decrease in insulin secretion in CsA-treated cells expressing ZnT-8 R325; however, ZnT-8 W325-expressing cells exhibited resistance to the dampening of insulin granule fusion by CsA, and transported zinc ions into secretory vesicles more efficiently. Both tacrolimus and rapamycin caused similar suppression of GSIS in cells expressing ZnT-8 R325. However, cells expressing ZnT-8 W325 were resistant to tacrolimus, but not to rapamycin. The Down's syndrome candidate region-1 (DSCR1), an endogenous calcineurin inhibitor, overexpression and subsequent calcineurin inhibition significantly reduced GSIS in cells expressing the R325 but not the W325 variant, suggesting that differing susceptibility to CsA may be due to different interactions with calcineurin. These data suggest that the ZnT-8 W325 variant is protective against CsA-induced suppression of insulin secretion. Tolerance of ZnT-8 W325 to calcineurin activity may account for its protective effect in PTDM.
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88
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Kim SS, Sohn SK, Lee KY, Lee MJ, Roh MS, Kim CH. Use of human amniotic membrane wrap in reducing perineural adhesions in a rabbit model of ulnar nerve neurorrhaphy. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2010; 35:214-9. [PMID: 20007422 DOI: 10.1177/1753193409352410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The object of this experimental study was to assess the effect of wrapping human amniotic membrane around a repaired ulnar nerve in a rabbit model of perineural adhesion. Ulnar nerves from 10 white New Zealand rabbits were exposed bilaterally, dissected and repaired. Human amniotic membrane was then wrapped around the repair site in one limb with no such wrap in the neurorrhaphy of the contralateral limb. Three months later, the same nerves were re-explored and removed using microsurgical external neurolysis. Perineural adhesion around the ulnar nerve was evaluated by blinded surgical dissection and scored using a visual 4-point qualitative scale. Extent and grade of fibrosis around repair sites were measured microscopically (x 200) after Masson trichrome staining using measure of the depth of fibrosis and the grading criteria of adhesion. Quantitative morphometric analysis was also performed under light microscopy (x 200) with the aid of a digital counter and virtual slide imaging software (ScanScope T2, Vista, CA, USA). Human amniotic membrane wrapped nerves showed significantly less perineural adhesion and fibrosis than controls (P < 0.05). No nerve healing problems were encountered. This study suggests that human amniotic membrane application can reduce fibrosis and adhesion around neurorrhaphy sites in this animal model.
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Lee WJ, Lee DW, Kim CH, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC. Pompholyx with bile-coloured vesicles in a patient with jaundice: are sweat ducts involved in the development of pompholyx? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:235-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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90
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Han JY, Choi JS, Chun JM, Park HD, Lee SY, Kim CH, Park Q, Nava-Ocampo AA, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome of women transfused during pregnancy with blood products inadvertently obtained from donors treated with acitretin. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 29:694-7. [PMID: 19821659 DOI: 10.3109/01443610903177128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the pregnancy outcome of nine women inadvertently transfused with acitretin-contaminated blood products in South Korea. A total of 18 women matched to cases by age, gravidity, and singleton- or twin-pregnancy, and who were transfused with blood products not contaminated with acitretin, was also recruited. There were nine babies born in the case group. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between cases and controls in the gestational age at delivery (38.3 +/- 1.6 weeks vs 37.8 +/- 2.2 weeks), birth weight (3,146 +/- 874 g vs 3,106 +/- 568 g), rate of pre-term deliveries (22.2% vs 11.1%) and rate of low birth weight (<2,500 g) (33.3% vs 16.7%). There was no case of malformation or neurological abnormalities born in either group. In conclusion, inadvertent exposure to acitretin-contaminated blood products was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, probably because of the removal of acitretin and etretinate during the manufacturing process of blood products.
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Kim SJ, Kim JS, Kim SC, Kim YK, Kim YK, Kang JY, Yoon HK, Song JS, Lee SH, Moon HS, Kim JW, Kim KH, Kim CH, Shim BY, Kim HK. A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, new camptothecin analogue, in patients with previously untreated extensive stage disease small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2009; 68:446-9. [PMID: 19683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Belotecan (Camtobell, CKD602) is a new camptothecin derivative antitumor agent that belongs to the topoisomerase inhibitors. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agent belotecan in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients with previously untreated extensive stage disease (ED) SCLC were entered into the study. Belotecan was given by daily intravenous infusion at 0.5mg/m(2)/day for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks. 62 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall response rate to chemotherapy on an intention-to-treat basis was 53.2%. The median overall survival was 10.4 months, the median time to progression 4.6 months, and the 1-year survival rate 49.9%. The most common toxicity was hematologic. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 71.0% of patients and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia 12.9%. Non-hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was low. The results suggest that belotecan is relatively active and well tolerable as single agent in patients with ED SCLC. Further investigations with platinum or other active agents are needed.
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Kang MS, Noh GY, Choe DH, Kim CH, Lee JC. A newly developed lung nodule during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Thorax 2009; 64:682, 697. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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93
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Whitby D, Miley W, Bagni R, Marshall V, HanJ SJ, Hu J, Skalsky RL, Kim CH, Ruscetti F, Little R, Yarchoan R, Renne R. Profiling viral and host microRNA expression in cells infected with KSHV and EBV. Infect Agent Cancer 2009. [PMCID: PMC4261734 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-s2-o23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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94
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Ha Y, Lee EM, Lee YH, Kim CH, Kim D, Chae S, Ahn KK, Kim B, Chae C. Effects of a modified live CSFV vaccine on the development of PMWS in pigs infected experimentally with PCV-2. Vet Rec 2009; 164:48-51. [PMID: 19136684 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in conventional pigs infected experimentally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV developed mild to moderate PMWS, whereas none of the pigs infected with PCV-2 alone or immunised with modified live CSFV alone developed PMWS. Lesions histologically characteristic of PMWS were observed in lymph nodes from the pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV vaccine, and extensive replication of PCV-2 was detected in the nodes by in situ hybridisation.
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Kim A, Kwon OS, Kim SO, He L, Bae EY, Lee MS, Jeong SJ, Shim JH, Yoon DY, Kim CH, Moon A, Kim KE, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Caspase-3 activation as a key factor for HBx-transformed cell death. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:755-74. [PMID: 18700866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation has been associated with the tumorigenic growth of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-transformed cells. This study was aimed to find a key target for treatment of HBx-mediated cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS NF-kappaB activation, endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ER-stress), caspase-3 activation, and cell proliferation were evaluated after Chang/HBx cells permanently expressing HBx viral protein were treated with inhibitors of NF-kappaB, proteasome and DNA topoisomerase. RESULTS Inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity by transient transfection with mutant plasmids encoding Akt1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), or by treatment with chemical inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, showed little effect on the survival of Chang/HBx cells. Furthermore, IkappaBalpha (S32/36A) mutant plasmid or other NF-kappaB inhibitors, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonidithioic acid and sulphasalazine, were also shown to have little effect on the cell proliferation. By contrast, proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1) and MG132 enhanced the HBx-induced ER-stress response and the subsequent activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3 and reduced cell proliferation. Camptothecin (CPT), however, triggered activation of caspase-3 without induction of caspase-12, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, CPT-induced cell death was reversed by pre-treatment with z-DEVD, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Detailed exploitation of the regulators of caspase-3 activation could open the gate for finding an efficient target for development of anticancer therapeutics against HBx-transformed hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Ha Y, Ha SK, Lee YH, Kim D, Chae S, Kim CH, Ahn KK, Kim O, Chae C. Prevalence of tir gene subtypes in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs. Vet Rec 2008; 163:424-5. [PMID: 18836158 DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.14.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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97
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Kim KM, Park SH, Kim JS, Lee WK, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang YM, Jung TH, Kim IS, Park JY. Polymorphisms in the type IV collagen alpha3 gene and the risk of COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:35-41. [PMID: 18385178 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00076207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A number of genome-wide linkage analyses have identified the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region as the most likely to contain the genes that contribute to the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesised that the type IV collagen alpha3 (COL4A3) gene, which is one of the genes located in the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region, may act as a low-penetrance susceptibility gene for COPD. To test this hypothesis, the association of COL4A3 -1162T>C, IVS2+12C>A, P141L, G162E, H451R, P574L and *315C>A polymorphisms with the risk of COPD was investigated in a case-control study of 311 COPD patients and 386 controls. The presence of at least one 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD compared with the 451 H/H genotype (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval (1.03-2.14)). When the subjects were stratified according to age and COPD severity, the 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD only in younger individuals with severe COPD (3.02 (1.37-6.67)). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the type IV collagen alpha3 gene contributes to the genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Kim SR, Kim CH, Kim SH, Chae HD, Kang BM. EC-001 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of precocious puberty in girls. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim CH, Cheon KA, Koo MS, Ryu YH, Lee JD, Chang JW, Lee HS. Dopamine transporter density in the basal ganglia in obsessive-compulsive disorder, measured with [123I]IPT SPECT before and after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Neuropsychobiology 2007; 55:156-62. [PMID: 17657168 DOI: 10.1159/000106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that dopamine as well as serotonin are associated with the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 5-Hydroxytryptophan inhibits dopamine release in healthy persons as well as in patients with OCD, and serotonin tonic inhibition affects dopamine function in basal ganglia, indicating a close relationship between serotonin and the dopamine system. Using iodine-123-labeled N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane ([(123)I]IPT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we investigated the dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the basal ganglia of patients with OCD. The test consists of two measurements before and after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Ten patients with OCD before and after treatment with SRIs were included. We performed brain SPECT 2 h after intravenous administration of [(123)I]IPT using a dual-head SPECT camera (Vertex, ADAC, Calif., USA) and analyzed the SPECT data, reconstructed for the assessment of the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio in the basal ganglia. We then examined the correlation between the scores of OCD symptom changes, assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and DAT binding ratio. Patients with OCD after treatment with SRIs showed a significantly decreased DAT binding ratio in the right basal ganglia compared with baseline. A significant correlation was found between the total scores and compulsion score changes of the Y-BOCS and the changes of the DAT binding ratio of the right basal ganglia. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system of the basal ganglia could play an important role in the symptom improvement of OCD patients.
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Park SW, Lee SH, Kim CH, Jeon GS, Hong SJ, Yi JG, Jeon HJ. Inhibition of pseudointimal hyperplasia in swine TIPS models: the efficacy of local delivery of paclitaxel using a perforated balloon catheter. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:702-7. [PMID: 17928498 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/18259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of local delivery of paclitaxel to inhibit pseudointimal hyperplasia/intimal hyperplasia in swine transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) models TIPS were created in seven healthy domestic swine (15-20 kg). Before TIPS stent insertion, we performed a short-term infusion of paclitaxel (treatment group: n = 4) and saline (control group: n = 3) into the TIPS tract using a balloon catheter in which two 0.010 inch holes were created on opposite sides of the balloon. Paclitaxel or saline was given to all animals via the hepatic parenchymal and venous outflow tract. The animals were followed for up to two weeks and then killed. Gross and histological evaluations of the shunts were performed, and the maximum pseudointimal/intimal hyperplasia thicknesses were calculated for each animal The average infusion time of paclitaxel or saline was 7.6 min (6-9 min). At gross and histological evaluation, considerable pseudointimal hyperplasia had formed in the control group and statistically significant differences were found upon microscopic evaluation in the maximum pseudointimal hyperplasia thickness between the control (2.41 mm, range 1.7-3.16 mm) and animals receiving paclitaxel (0.63 mm, range 0.42-0.98 mm, p<0.05) Local delivery of paclitaxel at the time of TIPS creation may have been effective in reducing pseudointimal/intimal hyperplasia in swine TIPS models.
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