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Begum K, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Begum MS. Bis[ S-hexyl 3-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)dithiocarbazato-κ 2N3, S]palladium(II). IUCRDATA 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616011329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title complex, [Pd(C12H17N2S3)2], the PdIIatom exhibits a square-planar coordination geometry with theN,S-chelating ligands arranged in atransconfiguration. Intramolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...N hydrogen-bond interactions, forming chains parallel to thebaxis.
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Begum K, Ahmed MU, Rahman MM, Hossain MM, Begum M, Sarkar SK, Reza MT, Hoshneara M, Beg A, Sultana F, Begum F, Akter FA. Correlation between Umbilical Cord Diameter and Cross Sectional Area with Gestational Age and Foetal Anthropometric Parameters. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:190-197. [PMID: 27277346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to find out correlation between umbilical cord diameter, cross sectional area with gestational age and foetal anthropometric parameters. This cross sectional study was conducted among healthy women between the 24(th) and 40(th) completed weeks of a normal pregnancy in the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the study period, from July 2009 to June 2011. A total of 230 consecutive normal pregnancy patients were included in the study. The diameter & cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord were measured on a plane adjacent to the junction of the umbilical cord and the fetal abdomen, in cross-section, with maximum magnification of the image. The cord was manually circled, and it's cross sectional areas was automatically calculated by the ultrasonograph. The mean±SD age was 24.3±4.7 years with range from 19 to 36 years. The mean gestational age was 32.1±4.5 weeks and more than a half (56.4%) of the pregnant women were nulliparas. A positive significant (p<0.001) correlation were found between umbilical cord diameter with bi-parietal diameter (r=0.548); head circumference (r=0.411); abdominal circumference (r=0.444); femur length (r=0.366) and gestational age gestation age (r=0.643). Similarly, a significant (p<0.001) positive week correlation were found between umbilical cross sectional area with bi-parietal diameter (r=0.3303); head circumference (r=0.3202); abdominal circumference (r=0.2651); femur length (r=0.3307) and gestation age (r=0.4051). A positive significant better correlation was found with umbilical cord diameter than cross sectional area with foetal anthropometric parameters.
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Alhaji N, Begum K. Optimization and Kinetic Study for the Removal of Chromium (VI) Ions by Acid Treated Sawdust Chitosan Composite Beads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2015/13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rahman R, Begum K, Khondker L, Majumder NI, Nahar K, Sultana R, Siddika A. Role of D-dimer in determining coagulability status in pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:115-120. [PMID: 25725677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cross sectional study was carried out from January 2007 to December 2008 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka in collaboration with Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia attending at Out-patient Department (OPD) and admitted in In-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka were selected as cases. Healthy and uncomplicated pregnant women admitted in the same hospital were taken as controls. The study showed that 26-30 years and 21-25 years age category was higher in the case and control groups and the mean age was significantly higher in case group compared to control group (p=0.025). The study showed that 44% of case group had a significantly high level of plasma D-dimer (>0.5μg/ml) as opposed to control group (8%) (p<0.001). Estimation of odds ratio demonstrates that pre-eclamptic women (case) had 9 times (95% of CI = 2.8 - 28.9) more risk of having plasma D-dimer >0.5μg/ml than that of normal pregnant women (control). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with plasma D-dimer >0.5μg/ml were considerably higher than those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5μg/ml (p<0.001). The study showed that majority (81.8%) of pre-eclamptic women with plasma D-dimer >0.5μg/ml had systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg compared to 46.4% of those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5μg/ml (p=0.010). And ninety percent of pre-eclamptic women with plasma D-dimer >0.5μg/ml had exhibited severe proteinuria as opposed to 53.6% of those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5μg/ml (p=0.017). The study concludes that plasma D-dimer level can easily be used in screening for the hypercoagulable state in pre-eclamptic patients which have preventive and therapeutic implications.
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Hoque DME, Arifeen SE, Rahman M, Chowdhury EK, Haque TM, Begum K, Hossain MA, Akter T, Haque F, Anwar T, Billah SM, Rahman AE, Huque MH, Christou A, Baqui AH, Bryce J, Black RE. Improving and sustaining quality of child health care through IMCI training and supervision: experience from rural Bangladesh. Health Policy Plan 2013; 29:753-62. [PMID: 24038076 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy includes guidelines for the management of sick children at first-level facilities. These guidelines intend to improve quality of care by ensuring a complete assessment of the child's health and by providing algorithms that combine presenting symptoms into a set of illness classifications for management by IMCI-trained service providers at first-level facilities. OBJECTIVES To investigate the sustainability of improvements in under-five case management by two cadres of first-level government service providers with different levels of pre-service training following implementation of IMCI training and supportive supervision. METHODS Twenty first-level health facilities in the rural sub-district of Matlab in Bangladesh were randomly assigned to IMCI intervention or comparison groups. Health workers in IMCI facilities received training in case management and monthly supportive supervision that involved observations of case management and reinforcement of skills by trained physicians. Health workers in comparison facilities were supervised according to Government of Bangladesh standards. Health facility surveys involving observations of case management were carried out at baseline (2000) and at two points (2003 and 2005) after implementation of IMCI in intervention facilities. FINDINGS Improvement in the management of sick under-five children by IMCI trained service providers with only 18 months of pre-service training was equivalent to that of service providers with 4 years of pre-service training. The improvements in quality of care were sustained over a 2-year period across both cadres of providers in intervention facilities. CONCLUSION IMCI training coupled with regular supervision can sustain improvements in the quality of child health care in first-level health facilities, even among workers with minimal pre-service training. These findings can guide government policy makers and provide further evidence to support the scale-up of regular supervision and task shifting the management of sick under-five children to lower-level service providers.
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Begum K, Dewey KG, Peerson J, Saha KK, Ali D, Nguyen PH, Rawat R, Menon P. Cesarean delivery and maternal knowledge are important predictors of early breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Vietnam. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.844.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hazir T, Begum K, El Arifeen S, Khan AM, Huque MH, Kazmi N, Roy S, Abbasi S, Rahman QSU, Theodoratou E, Khorshed MS, Rahman KM, Bari S, Kaiser MMI, Saha SK, Ahmed ASMNU, Rudan I, Bryce J, Qazi SA, Campbell H. Measuring coverage in MNCH: a prospective validation study in Pakistan and Bangladesh on measuring correct treatment of childhood pneumonia. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001422. [PMID: 23667339 PMCID: PMC3646205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia as measured by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a key indicator for tracking progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Concerns about the validity of this indicator led us to perform an evaluation in urban and rural settings in Pakistan and Bangladesh. METHODS AND FINDINGS Caregivers of 950 children under 5 y with pneumonia and 980 with "no pneumonia" were identified in urban and rural settings and allocated for DHS/MICS questions 2 or 4 wk later. Study physicians assigned a diagnosis of pneumonia as reference standard; the predictive ability of DHS/MICS questions and additional measurement tools to identify pneumonia versus non-pneumonia cases was evaluated. Results at both sites showed suboptimal discriminative power, with no difference between 2- or 4-wk recall. Individual patterns of sensitivity and specificity varied substantially across study sites (sensitivity 66.9% and 45.5%, and specificity 68.8% and 69.5%, for DHS in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively). Prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia were correctly recalled by about two-thirds of caregivers using DHS questions, increasing to 72% and 82% in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively, using a drug chart and detailed enquiry. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring antibiotic treatment of pneumonia is essential for national and global programs. Current (DHS/MICS questions) and proposed new (video and pneumonia score) methods of identifying pneumonia based on maternal recall discriminate poorly between pneumonia and children with cough. Furthermore, these methods have a low yield to identify children who have true pneumonia. Reported antibiotic treatment rates among these children are therefore not a valid proxy indicator of pneumonia treatment rates. These results have important implications for program monitoring and suggest that data in its current format from DHS/MICS surveys should not be used for the purpose of monitoring antibiotic treatment rates in children with pneumonia at the present time.
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Dewey KG, Begum K. Long-term consequences of stunting in early life. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2012; 7 Suppl 3:5-18. [PMID: 21929633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the impact of stunting, highlights recent research findings, discusses policy and programme implications and identifies research priorities. There is growing evidence of the connections between slow growth in height early in life and impaired health and educational and economic performance later in life. Recent research findings, including follow-up of an intervention trial in Guatemala, indicate that stunting can have long-term effects on cognitive development, school achievement, economic productivity in adulthood and maternal reproductive outcomes. This evidence has contributed to the growing scientific consensus that tackling childhood stunting is a high priority for reducing the global burden of disease and for fostering economic development. Follow-up of randomized intervention trials is needed in other regions to add to the findings of the Guatemala trial. Further research is also needed to: understand the pathways by which prevention of stunting can have long-term effects; identify the pathways through which the non-genetic transmission of nutritional effects is mediated in future generations; and determine the impact of interventions focused on linear growth in early life on chronic disease risk in adulthood.
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Roy TG, Nath BC, Begum K, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. trans-(5,7,7,12,14,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene-κN,N',N'',N''')bis-(nitrito-κN)cobalt(III) perchlorate hemihydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 67:m1576-7. [PMID: 22219812 PMCID: PMC3246992 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811042784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title CoIII complex, [Co(NO2)2(C16H32N4)]ClO4·0.5H2O, comprises two complex cations, two perchlorate anions and a water molecule of crystallization. The CoIII atoms exist within distorted octahedral N6 geometries defined by four N atoms of the macrocycle ligand and trans-N atoms derived from the nitrite anions. Systematic variations in the Co—N bond lengths are correlated with the presence of intramolecular N—H⋯O(nitrite) hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, water-O—H⋯O(perchlorate) hydrogen bonds, involving one of the independent perchlorate anions only, lead to supramolecular chains along the b-axis direction. The three-dimensional architecture is consolidated by numerous C—H⋯O interactions. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral, racemic twin.
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Begum K, Dewey KG. Practices of obstetricians regarding early mother‐to‐newborn skin‐to‐skin contact, early initiation of breastfeeding and delayed cord clamping. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.556.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arifeen SE, Hoque DME, Akter T, Rahman M, Hoque ME, Begum K, Chowdhury EK, Khan R, Blum LS, Ahmed S, Hossain MA, Siddik A, Begum N, Sadeq-ur Rahman Q, Haque TM, Billah SM, Islam M, Rumi RA, Law E, Al-Helal ZAM, Baqui AH, Schellenberg J, Adam T, Moulton LH, Habicht JP, Scherpbier RW, Victora CG, Bryce J, Black RE. Effect of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area in Bangladesh: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 2009; 374:393-403. [PMID: 19647607 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHO and UNICEF launched the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy in the mid-1990s to reduce deaths from diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, measles, and malnutrition in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the effect of IMCI on health and nutrition of children younger than 5 years in Bangladesh. METHODS In this cluster randomised trial, 20 first-level government health facilities in the Matlab subdistrict of Bangladesh and their catchment areas (total population about 350 000) were paired and randomly assigned to either IMCI (intervention; ten clusters) or usual services (comparison; ten clusters). All three components of IMCI-health-worker training, health-systems improvements, and family and community activities-were implemented beginning in February, 2002. Assessment included household and health facility surveys tracking intermediate outputs and outcomes, and nutrition and mortality changes in intervention and comparison areas. Primary endpoint was mortality in children aged between 7 days and 59 months. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN52793850. FINDINGS The yearly rate of mortality reduction in children younger than 5 years (excluding deaths in first week of life) was similar in IMCI and comparison areas (8.6%vs 7.8%). In the last 2 years of the study, the mortality rate was 13.4% lower in IMCI than in comparison areas (95% CI -14.2 to 34.3), corresponding to 4.2 fewer deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% CI -4.1 to 12.4; p=0.30). Implementation of IMCI led to improved health-worker skills, health-system support, and family and community practices, translating into increased care-seeking for illnesses. In IMCI areas, more children younger than 6 months were exclusively breastfed (76%vs 65%, difference of differences 10.1%, 95% CI 2.65-17.62), and prevalence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months decreased more rapidly (difference of differences -7.33, 95% CI -13.83 to -0.83) than in comparison areas. INTERPRETATION IMCI was associated with positive changes in all input, output, and outcome indicators, including increased exclusive breastfeeding and decreased stunting. However, IMCI implementation had no effect on mortality within the timeframe of the assessment. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, WHO's Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, and US Agency for International Development.
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Bentley G, Begum K, Sievert L, Sharmeen T, Murphy L, Chowdhury O, Booth M, Muttukrishna S. EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON OVARIAN RESERVE AMONG BANGLADESHI MIGRANTS TO UK. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Latif SA, Afroj D, Hossain SM, Uddin MS, Islam MA, Begum K, Oura Y, Ebihara M, Katada M. Determination of toxic trace elements in foodstuffs, soils and sediments of bangladesh using instrumental neutron activation analysis technique. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:384-388. [PMID: 19030768 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) were determined in the foodstuffs, soils and sediments from various areas in Bangladesh and new data for these toxic trace elements were given. The arsenic pollution problems in the most of the areas of Bangladesh are of geological origin. The high level of As in foodstuffs, soils and sediments, except for tannery sediments is probably positively correlated to the Fe concentration. An excessive amount of chromium was found in the sediments from the tannery area of Bangladesh.
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Azmi I, Ahtesham A, Begum K, Ahmed I, Endtz H, Sack D, Cravioto A, Nur-E-Kamal A, Talukder K. Characterization of a Novel Group of Shigella flexneri 1c Strains Exhibiting Cytotoxic Activity Against Mammalian Cells. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Chowdhury EK, El Arifeen S, Rahman M, Hoque DE, Hossain MA, Begum K, Siddik A, Begum N, Sadeq-ur Rahman Q, Akter T, Haque TM, Al-Helal ZM, Baqui AH, Bryce J, Black RE. Care at first-level facilities for children with severe pneumonia in Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2008; 372:822-30. [PMID: 18715634 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines on integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) for severe pneumonia recommend referral to hospitals. However, in many settings, children who are referred do not actually attend hospital, which severely limits appropriate care. We aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of modified guidelines that allowed most children with severe pneumonia to be treated locally in first-level facilities, with referral only for those with danger signs or other severe classifications. METHODS We did an observational cohort study in ten first-level health facilities in Matlab, rural Bangladesh that had implemented IMCI guidelines. We assessed children with severe pneumonia who were aged between 2 and 59 months, and for whom we could obtain complete information, in two cohorts: 261 children who presented to these facilities between May, 2003, and April, 2004 (before implementation of the modified guidelines) and 1271 children between September, 2004, and August, 2005 (after full implementation). We obtained information about the characteristics and management of their illness, including referrals and admissions to hospital, from facility records. Staff visited households to obtain details of treatment, socioeconomic information, and final outcome, including mortality data. FINDINGS 245 (94%) of 261 children who had severe pneumonia were referred to hospital before the guidelines were modified, compared with 107 (8%) of 1271 after implementation (p<0.0001). 94 (36%) children with severe pneumonia received correct management before the guidelines were modified, compared with 1145 (90%) children after implementation (p<0.0001). Before modification of the guidelines, three children with severe pneumonia who presented at first-level facilities died, with a case-fatality rate of 1.1%; after modification, seven children died, with a case-fatality rate of 0.6% (p=0.39). INTERPRETATION Local adaptation of the IMCI guidelines, with appropriate training and supervision, could allow safe and effective management of severe pneumonia, especially if compliance with referral is difficult because of geographic, financial, or cultural barriers.
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Chowdhury AKA, Khan OF, Matin MA, Begum K, Galib MA. Effect of standard treatment guidelines with or without prescription audit on prescribing for acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) and diarrhoea in some thana health complexes (THCs) of Bangladesh. BANGLADESH MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL BULLETIN 2007; 33:21-30. [PMID: 18246731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate prescribing for ARI and diarrhoea is a serious health problem in many developing countries including Bangladesh. A baseline retrospective prescribing survey for ARI and diarrhoea have been conducted in randomly selected 60 thana health complexes (THCs) of Dhaka division of Bangladesh. In the 38 of 60 THCs, the prescribers did not comply with the standard treatment guidelines (STG) for ARI. They are marked as 'unsatisfactory performers'. In these THCs unnecessary antibiotics were prescribed in more than 50% of the encounters. The study further revealed that in 26 THCs, comprising 41.6% of the 38 THCs, the situation was even worse regarding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. In these THCs antibiotics were prescribed in > or =72% of the encounters. For diarrhoea, only in 8.3% of the THCs antibiotics were prescribed in > or =50% of the encounters. Encouragingly, most of the prescribers prescribed ORS. So the diarrhoea cases were dropped from the intervention. The 24 out of 26 worse performing THCs for ARI management, were grouped into three groups: Group-I (implementing STG+ Audit), Group-II (STG) and Group-III (no intervention, control). The prescribers of the THCs belonging to Group-I and Group-II received STG+Audit and STG only respectively as intervention(s). On the contrary, the prescribers of the THCs of Group-III (control) did not receive any intervention. It was observed that after the implementation of interventions the use of the unnecessary antibiotics to treat ARI was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to pre-intervention period in Group-I (STG+Audit). In this group highly significant (p<0.000) reduction in antibiotics use was achieved in 6 out of 8 THCs. The average reduction in antibiotic use in terms of encounters was 23.7 and 15.2% in the Group-I and Group-II respectively owing to the intervention(s). Significant reduction in antibiotic use in terms of THCs was 3 (out of 8 THCs) and 2 (out of 8 THCs) belonging to the Group-II and Group-III respectively. When compensated for the change in the control group, the reduction of antibiotic use in terms of encounters was 15.2 and 6.9% in the THCs of the Group-I and Group-II respectively due to introduction of the interventions. The study concludes that STG supported by prescription audit are highly effective interventions to change the prescribing behaviour of the prescribers for ARI in the THCs.
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Begum B, Uddin MK, Afroz L, Begum K, Shakoor MA. Endometriosis association research center. Mymensingh Med J 2005; 14:223-7. [PMID: 16056218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a progressive, estrogen-dependent disease and occurs nearly exclusively in menstruating women of reproductive age. Pain syndrome, however, represents the major clinical problem of this disease, manifested as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, lower abdominal pain, and dyspareunia. About 32 literatures are reviewed in recent advancement for diagnosis of endometriosis. The magnifications of its managements are understood. In outdoor, the management is only depending on clinical findings and on some non invasive procedures without any definitive diagnosis. So, research activities should be done on the basis of recent advancement of endometriosis.
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Begum K, Srivastav MK, Khan MH. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of some 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-2-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2[5-aryl-2-phenylimino-1,3,4- thiadiazolin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. BOLLETTINO CHIMICO FARMACEUTICO 2003; 142:420-5. [PMID: 14971312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
5-Aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-2-yl]- 1,3,4-thiadiaxoles 4 and 5-Aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-2-phenylimino-1,3,4- thiadiazolin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 5 have been obtained from the cyclocondensation of 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-arylidene hydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 3 with methyl cyanide and phenyl isothiocyanate respectively. Compounds 4 & 5 have been screened for their fungicidal activity against R. solani, F. oxysporum and P. oryzae. Based on screening data some structure-activity relationship is given.
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Kim HS, Okuda Y, Begum K, Nagai Y, Wataya Y, Kimura M, Huruta T. Analysis of Pfmdr 1 gene in mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH. SUPPLEMENT (2001) 2003:231-2. [PMID: 12836349 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is a serious problem in most endemic areas. Recent studies have suggested the potential involvement of genes in the MDR gene family in resistance to quinoline-containing compounds in P. falciparum. In our present studies, a molecular analysis of pfmdr 1 in isolate strain of P. falciparum, 523a R, from Japanese mefloquine-resistant patient was done to determine the reported association of pfmdr 1 intragenic alleles and mefloquine resistance, and to examine the antimalarial activities of several antimalarial agents against the P. falciparum strain. The antimalarial activities against the strain was decreased susceptibility to mefloquine, artemisinin and halofantrine, in contrast increased susceptibility to chloroquine. The DNA sequence analysis of pfmdr 1 gene in a strain reveled no association of intragenic alleles with mefloquine resistance. Furthermore, the overexpression of pfmdr1 mRNA have been observed and it is about 7.2 times higher than sensitive strain. Our data shows that overexpression of pfmdr1 gene may be associated in mefloquine-resistance mechanism.
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Mummidi S, Catano G, Lam L, Hoefle A, Telles V, Begum K, Jimenez F, Ahuja SS, Ahuja SK. Extensive repertoire of membrane-bound and soluble dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin 1 (DC-SIGN1) and DC-SIGN2 isoforms. Inter-individual variation in expression of DC-SIGN transcripts. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:33196-212. [PMID: 11337487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression in dendritic cells (DCs) of DC-SIGN, a type II membrane protein with a C-type lectin ectodomain, is thought to play an important role in establishing the initial contact between DCs and resting T cells. DC-SIGN is also a unique type of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) attachment factor and promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. We have identified another gene, designated here as DC-SIGN2, that exhibits high sequence homology with DC-SIGN. Here we demonstrate that alternative splicing of DC-SIGN1 (original version) and DC-SIGN2 pre-mRNA generates a large repertoire of DC-SIGN-like transcripts that are predicted to encode membrane-associated and soluble isoforms. The range of DC-SIGN1 mRNA expression was significantly broader than previously reported and included THP-1 monocytic cells, placenta, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and there was cell maturation/activation-induced differences in mRNA expression levels. Immunostaining of term placenta with a DC-SIGN1-specific antiserum showed that DC-SIGN1 is expressed on endothelial cells and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-positive macrophage-like cells in the villi. DC-SIGN2 mRNA expression was high in the placenta and not detectable in PBMCs. In DCs, the expression of DC-SIGN2 transcripts was significantly lower than that of DC-SIGN1. Notably, there was significant inter-individual heterogeneity in the repertoire of DC-SIGN1 and DC-SIGN2 transcripts expressed. The genes for DC-SIGN1, DC-SIGN2, and CD23, another Type II lectin, colocalize to an approximately 85 kilobase pair region on chromosome 19p13.3, forming a cluster of related genes that undergo highly complex alternative splicing events. The molecular diversity of DC-SIGN-1 and -2 is reminiscent of that observed for certain other adhesive cell surface proteins involved in cell-cell connectivity. The generation of this large collection of polymorphic cell surface and soluble variants that exhibit inter-individual variation in expression levels has important implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, as well as for the molecular code required to establish complex interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells, i.e. the immunological synapse.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD34/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Exons
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Lectins/chemistry
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Placenta/cytology
- Placenta/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
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Kim HS, Nagai Y, Ono K, Begum K, Wataya Y, Hamada Y, Tsuchiya K, Masuyama A, Nojima M, McCullough KJ. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of novel medium-sized 1,2,4,5-tetraoxacycloalkanes. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2357-61. [PMID: 11428929 DOI: 10.1021/jm010026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CsOH- or Ag(2)O-mediated cycloalkylation of (alkylidene)bisperoxides 3 and 1,n-dihaloalkanes (n = 3-8) provided the corresponding medium-sized 1,2,4,5-tetraoxacycloalkanes 4-8 in moderate yields. Subsequent evaluation of the antimalarial activity of the cyclic peroxides 4-8 in vitro and in vivo revealed that 1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadecane 4a has considerable potential as a new, inexpensive, and potent antimalarial drug.
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Green J, Kroll L, Imrie D, Frances FM, Begum K, Harrison L, Anson R. Health gain and outcome predictors during inpatient and related day treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40:325-32. [PMID: 11288774 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200103000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate health gain and its predictors during inpatient and associated day patient treatment. METHOD Consecutive admissions to two inpatient units for children and young adolescents in northwest England were studied (N = 55). Ascertainments were made from multiple perspectives, including family, teacher, clinician, and an independent researcher. Measures were taken at referral, admission, discharge, and 6-month follow-up; health gain was inferred from change scores on measures. Recruitment lasted from late 1995 to 1997; follow-up was completed during 1998. Independent variables tested as predictors included assessments of presenting symptoms, therapeutic alliance, and family functioning. RESULTS Significant health gain during hospitalization was found on most measures and sustained to follow-up. There was no symptom change during the waiting-list control condition. Health gain was predicted independently by child and parental therapeutic alliance with the unit early in hospitalization and by preadmission family functioning. Externalizing problems did well if accompanied by good alliance. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of health gain from multiple perspectives is possible and valuable. Inpatient treatment has significant therapeutic effect. Predictors for health gain lie in process variables of therapeutic alliance and family functioning rather than presenting symptoms. The results are discussed in relation to clinical practice and future research.
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Fathima A, Begum K, Rajalakshmi D. Microwave drying of selected greens and their sensory characteristics. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2001; 56:303-311. [PMID: 11678436 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011858604571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables which supply minerals and vitamins to the diet, are highly perishable. Therefore, post harvest losses are extremely high. Limited studies are available in the literature with regard to preservation of greens. The effect of microwave drying and storage on physical and sensory properties of selected greens (coriander, mint, fenugreek, amaranth and shepu) were therefore studied. Microwave drying was carried out at 100% power and a frequency of 2450 mHz. The drying time varied from 10 to 16 min for different greens. Microwave drying affected color, appearance and odor of all the greens. The relative reconstitution capacity (RRC) for different greens was coriander-10.3, mint-10.3, amaranth-38.3, fenugreek-31.7 and shepu-32.8. The RRC appeared to influence acceptability. Coriander and mint, which exhibited the lowest RRC (10.3%), had the lowest scores for flavor and color while amaranth, with the highest RRC (38.3%), had scores similar to those of fresh amaranth. Scores for the products prepared with dried fenugreek and shepu, although low, were not statistically significant. Microwave drying was highly suitable for greens such as amaranth; moderately suitable for shepu and fenugreek and less suitable for coriander and mint.
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Mummidi S, Bamshad M, Ahuja SS, Gonzalez E, Feuillet PM, Begum K, Galvis MC, Kostecki V, Valente AJ, Murthy KK, Haro L, Dolan MJ, Allan JS, Ahuja SK. Evolution of human and non-human primate CC chemokine receptor 5 gene and mRNA. Potential roles for haplotype and mRNA diversity, differential haplotype-specific transcriptional activity, and altered transcription factor binding to polymorphic nucleotides in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18946-61. [PMID: 10747879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000169200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the major coreceptor of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), have a major influence on HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. The effects of these polymorphisms may, in part, account for the differential pathogenesis of HIV-1 (immunosuppression) and SIV (natural resistance) in humans and non-human primates, respectively. Thus, understanding the genetic basis underlying species-specific responses to HIV-1 and SIV could reveal new anti-HIV-1 therapeutic strategies for humans. To this end, we compared CCR5 structure/evolution and regulation among humans, apes, Old World Monkeys, and New World Monkeys. The evolution of the CCR5 cis-regulatory region versus the open reading frame as well as among different domains of the open reading frame differed from one another. CCR5 cis-regulatory region sequence variation in humans was substantially higher than anticipated. Based on this variation, CCR5 haplotypes could be organized into seven evolutionarily distinct human haplogroups (HH) that we designated HHA, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G. HHA haplotypes were defined as ancestral to all other haplotypes by comparison to the CCR5 haplotypes of non-human primates. Different human and non-human primate CCR5 haplotypes were associated with differential transcriptional regulation, and various polymorphisms resulted in modified DNA-nuclear protein interactions, including altered binding of members of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. We identified novel CCR5 untranslated mRNA sequences that were conserved in human and non-human primates. In some primates, mutations at exon-intron boundaries caused loss of expression of selected CCR5 mRNA isoforms or production of novel mRNA isoforms. Collectively, these findings suggest that the response to HIV-1 and SIV infection in primates may have been driven, in part, by evolution of the elements controlling CCR5 transcription and translation.
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50
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Begum K. Toxemia of pregnancy-hematological & biochemical changes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)84582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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