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Rzeszotarska B, Makowski M, Kubica Z. SYNTHESIS OFt-BUTOXYCARBONYL AND BENZYLOXYCARBONYL AMINO ACID AMIDES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948409356177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Latajka R, Jewginski M, Makowski M, Pawełczak M, Huber T, Sewald N, Kafarski P. Pentapeptides containing two dehydrophenylalanine residues--synthesis, structural studies and evaluation of their activity towards cathepsin C. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:1084-95. [PMID: 18523964 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, structural and biological studies of pentapeptides containing two DeltaPhe residues (Z and E isomers) in position 2 and 4 in peptide chain were performed. All the investigated peptides adopted bent conformation and majority of them could exist as two different conformers in solution. Only pentapeptides, containing free N-termini appeared to act as weak inhibitors of cathepsin C with the slow-binding, competitive mechanism of inhibition, free acids being bound slightly better than their methyl esters. Results of molecular modeling suggested significant difference between peptides, depending of the type of amino acid residue in position 5 in peptide chain. Dehydropeptides containing Gly residue in this position may act as competitive slow-reacting substrates and therefore exhibit inhibitory-like properties.
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Lisowski M, Latajka R, Picur B, Lis T, Bryndal I, Rospenk M, Makowski M, Kafarski P. Combined effect of the ΔPhe or ΔAla residue and thep-nitroanilide group on a didehydropeptides conformation. Biopolymers 2008; 89:220-34. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zazakowny P, Makowski M, Zomerska K, Pawlikowski M. The vibronic effects in the 11B2 and 21A1 states of 1,3-dicyanomethylene croconate dianion: The resonance Raman study in terms of CASSCF and DFT methods. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kołodziej B, Grech E, Schilf W, Kamieński B, Makowski M, Rozwadowski Z, Dziembowska T. Anomeric and tautomeric equilibria in d-2-glucosamine Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nowis D, Legat M, Grzela T, Niderla J, Wilczek E, Wilczyñski GM, Głodkowska E, Mrówka P, Issat T, Dulak J, Józkowicz A, Waś H, Adamek M, Wrzosek A, Nazarewski S, Makowski M, Stokłosa T, Jakóbisiak M, Gołąb J. Heme oxygenase-1 protects tumor cells against photodynamic therapy-mediated cytotoxicity. Oncogene 2006; 25:3365-74. [PMID: 16462769 PMCID: PMC1538962 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising antitumor treatment modality approved for the management of both early and advanced tumors. The mechanisms of its antitumor action include generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species that directly damage tumor cells and tumor vasculature. A number of mechanisms seem to be involved in the protective responses to PDT that include activation of transcription factors, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and antiapoptotic pathways. Elucidation of these mechanisms might result in the design of more effective combination strategies to improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT. Using DNA microarray analysis to identify stress-related genes induced by Photofrin-mediated PDT in colon adenocarcinoma C-26 cells, we observed a marked induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Induction of HO-1 with hemin or stable transfection of C-26 with a plasmid vector encoding HO-1 increased resistance of tumor cells to PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. On the other hand, zinc (II) protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, markedly augmented PDT-mediated cytotoxicity towards C-26 and human ovarian carcinoma MDAH2774 cells. Neither bilirubin, biliverdin nor carbon monoxide, direct products of HO-1 catalysed heme degradation, was responsible for cytoprotection. Importantly, desferrioxamine, a potent iron chelator significantly potentiated cytotoxic effects of PDT. Altogether our results indicate that HO-1 is involved in an important protective mechanism against PDT-mediated phototoxicity and administration of HO-1 inhibitors might be an effective way to potentiate antitumor effectiveness of PDT.
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Latajka R, Makowski M, Jewgiński M, Pawełczak M, Koroniak H, Kafarski P. Peptide p-nitrophenylanilides containing (E)-dehydrophenylalanine—synthesis, structural studies and evaluation of their activity towards cathepsin C. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b601634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Weiss M, Gildehaus FJ, Brinkbäumer K, Makowski M, Hahn K. [Lymph kinetics with technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Animal studies]. NUKLEARMEDIZIN. NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2005; 44:156-65. [PMID: 16163412 DOI: 10.1267/nukl05040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aim of this study was to characterize suitable technetium-99m labeled tracers for lymphoscintigraphy by comparative animal tests. ANIMALS, METHODS To evaluate the influence of the particle size and the organ tracer-uptake on lymphtransport animal experiments were performed on six different agents (including one control group). Activity distributions were examined in Sprague-Dawley-rats by lymphoscintigraphy; the maximum uptake (count-rate) of the whole body and in lymph nodes were analyzed by regions-of-interest-technique, respectively. Additionally, for characterization of lymphatic and extralymphatic traceruptake an intra-individual relative count-rate ratio of the liver, lung, kidneys, and spleen has been calculated following organ extraction. RESULTS Organ specific differences of distribution were clearly demonstrated. Our results indicate that the kinetics of lymphoscintigraphic (99m)Tc-bound agents substantially depends on particle size. Reliable transport from the interstitium to initial lymph vessels and lymph node uptake suggested for tracers suited for lymphoscintigraphy a median size of about <100 nm. CONCLUSION Our data could improve standardization of diagnostic methods and lead to an objective consideration of therapeutic procedures.
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Ołdziej S, Czaplewski C, Liwo A, Chinchio M, Nanias M, Vila JA, Khalili M, Arnautova YA, Jagielska A, Makowski M, Schafroth HD, Kaźmierkiewicz R, Ripoll DR, Pillardy J, Saunders JA, Kang YK, Gibson KD, Scheraga HA. Physics-based protein-structure prediction using a hierarchical protocol based on the UNRES force field: assessment in two blind tests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:7547-52. [PMID: 15894609 PMCID: PMC1140449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502655102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in the protein-structure prediction method developed in our laboratory, based on the thermodynamic hypothesis, are described. The conformational space is searched extensively at the united-residue level by using our physics-based UNRES energy function and the conformational space annealing method of global optimization. The lowest-energy coarse-grained structures are then converted to an all-atom representation and energy-minimized with the ECEPP/3 force field. The procedure was assessed in two recent blind tests of protein-structure prediction. During the first blind test, we predicted large fragments of alpha and alpha+beta proteins [60-70 residues with C(alpha) rms deviation (rmsd) <6 A]. However, for alpha+beta proteins, significant topological errors occurred despite low rmsd values. In the second exercise, we predicted whole structures of five proteins (two alpha and three alpha+beta, with sizes of 53-235 residues) with remarkably good accuracy. In particular, for the genomic target TM0487 (a 102-residue alpha+beta protein from Thermotoga maritima), we predicted the complete, topologically correct structure with 7.3-A C(alpha) rmsd. So far this protein is the largest alpha+beta protein predicted based solely on the amino acid sequence and a physics-based potential-energy function and search procedure. For target T0198, a phosphate transport system regulator PhoU from T. maritima (a 235-residue mainly alpha-helical protein), we predicted the topology of the whole six-helix bundle correctly within 8 A rmsd, except the 32 C-terminal residues, most of which form a beta-hairpin. These and other examples described in this work demonstrate significant progress in physics-based protein-structure prediction.
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Nehls O, Oettle H, Hartmann JT, Hofheinz R, Hochhaus A, Makowski M, Arnold D, Burkart C, Gregor M, Klump B. A multicenter phase II study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapOx) in advanced biliary system adenocarcinomas. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Makowski M, Pawlikowski MT. Absorption, resonance, the preresonance Raman study of the 1,3-dicyanomethylene croconate dianion using complete active space self-consistent field and density functional theory methods. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1626544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nehls O, Oettle H, Hartmann J, Hofheinz R, Weisser A, Makowski M, Arnold D, Gregor M, Klump B. 218 Oxaliplatin plus capecitabine in advanced biliary adenocarcinomas: a multicenter phase II trial. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Giermasz A, Grzela T, Nowis D, Makowski M, Czajka A, Stoklosa T, Lasek W, Dabrowsk A, Wiznerowicz M, Mackiewicz A, Jakóbisiak M. Butyric acid enhances in vivo expression of hTNF-alpha in transduced melanoma cell line. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:4001-4. [PMID: 11911283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid (NaBut) and its derivatives are well-known agents eliciting tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis. In experimental models, NaBut is also used to enhance the efficacy of viral vectors. With the use of B78 murine melanoma cells transduced with the retroviral vector containing human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) gene, we investigated the ability of NaBut to increase the cytokine expression. We observed an increase in hTNF-alpha expression in vitro after incubation with NaBut. We also describe that the NaBut pro-drug tributyrin is able to increase hTNF-alpha expression in transduced B78 cells in a tumor vaccination model in mice. This observation strongly suggests a novel potential role for NaBut and its derivatives in tumor therapy. It could be used not only as a therapeutic directly acting on tumor cells but, in parallel, as a genetic vaccine "enhancer".
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Giermasz A, Nowis D, Jalili A, Basak G, Marczak M, Makowski M, Czajka A, Młynarczuk I, Hoser G, Stok osa T, Lewandowski S, Jakóbisiak M. Antitumor activity of tributyrin in murine melanoma model. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:143-8. [PMID: 11179828 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Butyric acid has been known to inhibit growth and to induce differentiation of a variety of tumor cells. Butyrate-treated tumor cells have also been observed to undergo apoptosis. Although butyrate compounds have demonstrated antitumor activity in murine tumor models and have already been admitted to clinical trials in tumor patients, the exact mechanism of their antitumor effects has not been elucidated. The results of our study showed antitumor activity of tributyrin, a butyric acid prodrug, in murine melanoma model and are strongly suggestive that antiangiogenic effects could participate in antitumor effects of butyrate compounds in vivo.
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Makowski M, Pawelczak M, Latajka R, Nowak K, Kafarski P. Synthesis of tetrapeptide p-nitrophenylanilides containing dehydroalanine and dehydrophenylalanine and their influence on cathepsin C activity. J Pept Sci 2001; 7:141-5. [PMID: 11297349 DOI: 10.1002/psc.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three dehydrotetrapeptides of rationally varying structure were prepared and tested as affectors of cathepsin C. These compounds appeared to be substrates of the enzyme, being equipotent with their classical counterparts. Thus, replacement of amino acid in a short peptide by corresponding dehydroamino acid does not prevent cathepsin C in recognizing dehydropeptide as its substrate.
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Makowski M, Bartlewicz J, Krzanowski M, Nizankowski R, Szczeklik A. [Advanced abdominal angina due to atherosclerosis with atypical celiac arteries]. POLSKIE ARCHIWUM MEDYCYNY WEWNETRZNEJ 2000; 104:859-62. [PMID: 11424665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the abdominal angina develops only when at least two of the three splanchnic vessels-mesenteric arteries and the celiac trunk exhibit a critical obstruction. That common opinion does not, however, take into account anatomical variants of arteries supplying the blood to the intestines. We present a case of a wasted, 40 year old male with a wide spread arteriosclerosis and postprandial pain. The ultrasound examination revealed total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Celiac trunk (CT) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) were patent. The ultrasound indicated that only one splanchic vessel was obstructed; the systemic disorder, the neoplasm, as well as the malabsorption were ruled out. An arteriography of the abdominal aorta and of splanchnic arteries confirmed patency of CT and IMA, also lack of flow in the SMA. Atypical origin of the middle colic artery originating from the bed of CT was also shown. Lack of collaterals between IMA and SMA, typically conducting a sufficient blood flow, resulted in a fully symptomatic abdominal angina. Symptoms were relieved following surgical revascularization.
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Rapacka E, Ostrowska-Nawarycz L, Baszczyński J, Kudzin A, Makowski M, Makowska J, Kudzin J, Górski P. [Nephropathy in the course of inflammatory connective tissue diseases]. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2000; 9 Suppl 1:27-8. [PMID: 11081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of renal complications and also evaluation of renal efficiency with regard to sex and age in children with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. The examination embraced 18 children out of 5657 hospitalised in 19991-1998 in Military University School of Medicine-Dpt of Pediatrics suffering from inflammatory connective tissue diseases, which constitutes 0.32%. They found the following number of isolated cases: 9 cases of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), 6 cases of rheumatic fever (RF), and 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There were 9 girls and 9 boys. The most frequent symptom of kidneys affection was erythrocyturia. Due to chronic course, reccurrence and the possibility of further complications, children with inflammatory connective tissue diseases, after discharging from hospital, should stay under the care of rheumatological outpatient clinic.
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Rapacka E, Ostrowska-Nawarycz L, Baszczyński J, Makowska J, Kudzin J, Makowski M, Kudzin A, Górski P. [Nephropathy in the course of Schönlein-Henoch purpura]. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2000; 9 Suppl 1:31-2. [PMID: 11081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of renal complications and also evaluation of renal efficiency with regard to sex and age in children with Schonlein-Henoch purpura. 31 children with Schonlein-Henoch disease out of 5004 hospitalised in 6 years time (1994-1999) in Mil. Medical University-Dpt of Pediatrics, underwent the examination, which is 0.62% of all patients. The group of analysed cases consisted of 19 girls (61.3%) and 12 boys (38.7%). 15 of them had changes in kidneys, which constitutes 48.4%. The average age of examined children was 9.1 years. In the most cases upper respiratory tract infections preceded symptoms of the Schonlein-Henoch purpura. The most often complications found in the course of the Schonlein-Henoch purpura were renal ones. The most numerous renal complications affected children between 7 and 9 years of age. Because of chronic and insidious course of the disease, children, after discharging from hospital should stay under specialistic medical care.
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Ejsmont K, Makowski M, Zaleski J. Crystal Structure of Boc-Gly-ΔPhe-Gly Phe-4-pNA. Acta Crystallogr A 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767300028518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ostrowska-Nawarycz L, Rapacka E, Baszczyński J, Górski P, Czajka J, Makowski M, Kudzin A. [Cyclic vomiting with ketosis as a cause of acute kidney dysfunction: own clinical experience]. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2000; 8:256-7. [PMID: 10897637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate renal activity during cyclic vomiting with ketosis. The clinical material was obtained from 50 cases of children hospitalized in Department of Pediatrics Military Medical University within 1993-1999 what makes about 1% of all patients. The examined group consisted of 26 boys (52%) and 24 girls (48%). Three of the children were repeatedly hospitalized (3 to 8 times) because of acetonemic vomiting. The special attention during the laboratory studies was paid to evaluation of renal activity. Vomiting with ketosis were associated with temporary kidneys acute dysfunction in 46% of cases. In 98% of cases the parenteral hydration was necessary. Ketonemic vomiting with kidneys dysfunction was observed mainly with the children in pre-school age.
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Cieśla J, Gołos B, Dzik JM, Pawełczak K, Kempny M, Makowski M, Bretner M, Kulikowski T, Machnicka B, Rzeszotarska B. Thymidylate synthases from Hymenolepis diminuta and regenerating rat liver: purification, properties, and inhibition by substrate and cofactor analogues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1249:127-36. [PMID: 7599165 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00032-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies of thymidylate synthases, isolated from the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, and regenerating liver of its host, rat, aimed at a possibility of specific inhibition of the helminthic enzyme, are presented. While similar in structure (dimers with monomer molecular masses of 33.7 kDa and 34.9 kDa, respectively) and parameters describing interactions with substrates and products, the tapeworm and rat enzymes differed in the dependences of reaction velocity on temperature (Arrhenius plots biphasic and linear, respectively). The tapeworm, compared with the host, enzyme was less sensitive to the competitive slow-binding inhibition by 5-fluoro-dUMP and its 2-thio congener, but equally sensitive to inhibition by 4-thio-5-fluoro-dUMP, N4-hydroxy-dCMP and N4-hydroxy-5-fluoro-dCMP, the latter being more potent inhibitor of the parasite enzyme than 5-fluoro-dUMP. alpha-Anomer of 5-fluoro-dUMP behaved as a very weak competitive slow-binding inhibitor of both enzymes. Both enzymes differed markedly in sensitivity to inhibition by 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate and its di- and triglutamates (pddPteGlu1-3), with pddPteGlu1 being stronger inhibitor of the mammalian enzyme, but pddPteGlu3 showing opposite specificity. Sulfonamidobenzoylglutamate analogue of pddPteGlu (pddPteSO2Glu) and 2-desamino-2-methyl derivative of this analogue (CH3pddPteSO2Glu) were weaker inhibitors of both enzymes than the parent compound. Substitution of the glutamyl residue in CH3pddPteSO2Glu with either norvaline or alanine increased inhibition potency, whereas similar substitutions with glycine, valine or phenylglycine were without a distinct effect with the host enzyme but weakened inhibition of the tapeworm enzyme.
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Pawełczak K, Makowski M, Kempny M, Dzik JM, Balińska M, Rode W. Sulphonamide antifolates inhibiting thymidylate synthase: synthesis, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1993; 338:625-8. [PMID: 8304195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Główka ML, Gilli G, Bertolasi V, Makowski M. Structure of an α,β-unsaturated dipeptide, racemic N-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenylalanyl-Δ2-phenylalanine. Acta Crystallogr C 1987. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270187091716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Talle MA, Rao P, Makowski M, Boselli C, Allegar N, Goldstein G. Null cell identification and characterization with OKT16: an anti-p40 monoclonal antibody. Blood 1985; 66:1124-32. [PMID: 3902121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine monoclonal antibody, OKT16, specific for human lymphocytes of T lineage, was isolated by standard immunization and hybridization techniques. The distribution of the antigen defined by OKT16 was similar to the antigen reactive with monoclonal antibodies 3A1 and WT1. This identity of antigen targets was confirmed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and by sequential immunoprecipitation. Under reducing conditions, OKT16 reacted with an antigen of 40K daltons; however, under nonreducing conditions this antigen appeared as an 84K-dalton molecule, which suggests that the p40 antigen exists as a disulfide-linked dimer. By indirect immunofluorescence, OKT16 reacted with a greater fraction of nonrosetting, non-B (null) lymphocytes than with antibodies to other T cell-specific proteins. Two-color immunofluorescence demonstrated the coexpression of the T16 antigen and the C3bi receptor on most null cells. The T10 antigen (found on cortical thymocytes and activated peripheral T cells) was restricted to most T16-bearing null cells and expression of the Fc receptor for aggregated IgG (defined by monoclonal antibody 73.1) was restricted to a major subset of T16-bearing null cells. The T cell-specific markers defined by OKT8, OKT11, and OKT17, as well as the monocyte marker defined by OKM5, were expressed by smaller subsets of OKT16-reactive null cells. These studies support by phenotypic analysis the functional heterogeneity ascribed to null cells. The 40K-dalton T16 antigen has the most extensive null cell representation of all the T lineage markers described to date.
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Abstract
The characterization of three groups of antigens expressed by activated human T lymphocytes and detected by monoclonal antibodies is reported. Antigens defined by OKT19, OKT21, and OKT22 do not appear on in vitro activated T cells until increases in DNA synthesis become apparent and are not detected on most Interleukin 2 (IL-2)-independent cell lines and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. Cell surface molecules reactive with the monoclonal antibodies OKT23 and OKT24 are displayed prior to any notable increase in DNA synthesis and are present on IL-2 independent cell lines, irrespective of lineage. T23 and T24 do not appear on peripheral blood cells and their distribution more closely resembles that of the T9 antigen (the receptor for transferrin) than antigens of the other groups. The third group of antigens, T14 and T20, have been classified as "early" antigens relative to DNA synthesis. They are expressed by distinct populations of normal lymphoid cells as well as by some IL-2-independent cell lines. Display of each group of activation antigens on T lymphocytes can be induced by either phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative from tuberculin, or allogeneic non-T cells, is not restricted to the OKT4+ or OKT8+ subsets, and is predominant on cells exhibiting the light-scattering properties of blast cells. The relative lack of expression of these antigens among normal peripheral blood cells make them attractive candidates for identifying changes in the status of immune activation.
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