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Oberländer J, Kirchner P, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Strategies in developing thin-film sensors for monitoring aseptic food processes: Theoretical considerations and investigations of passivation materials. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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52
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Miyamoto KI, Sakakita S, Wagner T, Schöning MJ, Yoshinobu T. Application of chemical imaging sensor to in-situ pH imaging in the vicinity of a corroding metal surface. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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53
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Oberländer J, Jildeh ZB, Kirchner P, Wendeler L, Bromm A, Iken H, Wagner P, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Study of interdigitated electrode arrays using experiments and finite element models for the evaluation of sterilization processes. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:26115-27. [PMID: 26473883 PMCID: PMC4634423 DOI: 10.3390/s151026115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a sensor to evaluate sterilization processes with hydrogen peroxide vapor has been characterized. Experimental, analytical and numerical methods were applied to evaluate and study the sensor behavior. The sensor set-up is based on planar interdigitated electrodes. The interdigitated electrode structure consists of 614 electrode fingers spanning over a total sensing area of 20 mm2. Sensor measurements were conducted with and without microbiological spores as well as after an industrial sterilization protocol. The measurements were verified using an analytical expression based on a first-order elliptical integral. A model based on the finite element method with periodic boundary conditions in two dimensions was developed and utilized to validate the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oberländer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
- Peter-Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Zaid B Jildeh
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Patrick Kirchner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Luisa Wendeler
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bromm
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Heiko Iken
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
- Peter-Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Catholic University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, Jülich 52428, Germany.
- Peter-Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany.
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Seitz P, Senesky DG, Schöning MJ, Hauser PC, Moser R, Herzig HP, Melesse AM, Broderick PA, Eugster PT. 4th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S2015): Conference Report. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:24458-24465. [PMID: 26404306 PMCID: PMC4610578 DOI: 10.3390/s150924458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seitz
- Hamamatsu Photonics Innovation Center Europe, Solothurn 4500, Switzerland.
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Lab, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
- Institute of Microengineering, EPFL Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2002, Switzerland.
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Bronder TS, Poghossian A, Scheja S, Wu C, Keusgen M, Mewes D, Schöning MJ. DNA Immobilization and Hybridization Detection by the Intrinsic Molecular Charge Using Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors Modified with a Charged Weak Polyelectrolyte Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:20068-75. [PMID: 26327272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized setup, compatibility with advanced micro- and nanotechnologies, and ability to detect biomolecules by their intrinsic molecular charge favor the semiconductor field-effect platform as one of the most attractive approaches for the development of label-free DNA chips. In this work, a capacitive field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer prepared, positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was used for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization. The negatively charged probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer, resulting in a preferentially flat orientation of the ssDNA molecules within the Debye length, thus yielding a reduced charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Each sensor-surface modification step (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), reducing an unspecific adsorption by a blocking agent, incubation with noncomplementary DNA (ncDNA) solution) was monitored by means of capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements. In addition, the surface morphology of the PAH layer was studied by atomic force microscopy and contact-angle measurements. High hybridization signals of 34 and 43 mV were recorded in low-ionic strength solutions of 10 and 1 mM, respectively. In contrast, a small signal of 4 mV was recorded in the case of unspecific adsorption of fully mismatched ncDNA. The density of probe ssDNA and dsDNA molecules as well as the hybridization efficiency was estimated using the experimentally measured DNA immobilization and hybridization signals and a simplified double-layer capacitor model. The results of field-effect experiments were supported by fluorescence measurements, verifying the DNA-immobilization and hybridization event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Bronder
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen , Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen , Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Scheja
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen , Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen , Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Mewes
- Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Leibniz University Hannover , 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen , Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
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56
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Moseley F, Halámek J, Kramer F, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Katz E. An enzyme-based reversible CNOT logic gate realized in a flow system. Analyst 2015; 139:1839-42. [PMID: 24603754 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme system organized in a flow device was used to mimic a reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate with two input and two output signals. Reversible conversion of NAD(+) and NADH cofactors was used to perform a XOR logic operation, while biocatalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate resulted in an Identity operation working in parallel. The first biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moseley
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
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57
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Schusser S, Krischer M, Bäcker M, Poghossian A, Wagner P, Schöning MJ. Monitoring of the Enzymatically Catalyzed Degradation of Biodegradable Polymers by Means of Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6607-13. [PMID: 26016927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Designing novel or optimizing existing biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications requires numerous tests on the effect of substances on the degradation process. In the present work, polymer-modified electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (PMEIS) sensors have been applied for monitoring an enzymatically catalyzed degradation of polymers for the first time. The thin films of biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid) and enzyme lipase were used as a model system. During degradation, the sensors were read-out by means of impedance spectroscopy. In order to interpret the data obtained from impedance measurements, an electrical equivalent circuit model was developed. In addition, morphological investigations of the polymer surface have been performed by means of in situ atomic force microscopy. The sensor signal change, which reflects the progress of degradation, indicates an accelerated degradation in the presence of the enzyme compared to hydrolysis in neutral pH buffer media. The degradation rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of PMEIS sensors as a very promising tool for in situ and real-time monitoring of degradation of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schusser
- †Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Jülich, Germany.,‡Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Bäcker
- †Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Jülich, Germany.,‡Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- †Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Jülich, Germany.,‡Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick Wagner
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,∥Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael J Schöning
- †Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Jülich, Germany.,‡Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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58
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Wu C, Bronder T, Poghossian A, Werner CF, Schöning MJ. Label-free detection of DNA using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor modified with a positively charged polyelectrolyte layer. Nanoscale 2015; 7:6143-50. [PMID: 25771844 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A multi-spot (16 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2 structure modified with a weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. To achieve a preferentially flat orientation of DNA strands and thus, to reduce the distance between the DNA charge and MLAPS surface, the negatively charged probe single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA) were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer using a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. In this way, more DNA charge can be positioned within the Debye length, yielding a higher sensor signal. The surface potential changes in each spot induced due to the surface modification steps (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), non-specific adsorption of mismatched ssDNA) were determined from the shifts of photocurrent-voltage curves along the voltage axis. A high sensor signal of 83 mV was registered after immobilization of probe ssDNA onto the PAH layer. The hybridization signal increases from 5 mV to 32 mV with increasing the concentration of cDNA from 0.1 nM to 5 μM. In contrast, a small signal of 5 mV was recorded in the case of non-specific adsorption of fully mismatched ssDNA (5 μM). The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS in combination with the simple and rapid LbL immobilization technique as a promising platform for the future development of multi-spot light-addressable label-free DNA chips with direct electrical readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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59
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Poghossian A, Bäcker M, Mayer D, Schöning MJ. Gating capacitive field-effect sensors by the charge of nanoparticle/molecule hybrids. Nanoscale 2015; 7:1023-31. [PMID: 25470772 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The semiconductor field-effect platform is a powerful tool for chemical and biological sensing with direct electrical readout. In this work, the field-effect capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure - the simplest field-effect (bio-)chemical sensor - modified with citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been applied for a label-free electrostatic detection of charged molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge. The EIS sensor detects the charge changes in AuNP/molecule inorganic/organic hybrids induced by the molecular adsorption or binding events. The feasibility of the proposed detection scheme has been exemplarily demonstrated by realizing capacitive EIS sensors consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2-silane-AuNP structure for the label-free detection of positively charged cytochrome c and poly-d-lysine molecules as well as for monitoring the layer-by-layer formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), representing typical model examples of detecting small proteins and macromolecules and the consecutive adsorption of positively/negatively charged polyelectrolytes, respectively. For comparison, EIS sensors without AuNPs have been investigated, too. The adsorption of molecules on the surface of AuNPs has been verified via the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. In addition, a theoretical model of the functioning of the capacitive field-effect EIS sensor functionalized with AuNP/charged-molecule hybrids has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshak Poghossian
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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60
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Murib MS, Yeap WS, Martens D, Bienstman P, De Ceuninck W, van Grinsven B, Schöning MJ, Michiels L, Haenen K, Ameloot M, Serpengüzel A, Wagner P. Photonic detection and characterization of DNA using sapphire microspheres. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:97006. [PMID: 25260868 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.097006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A microcavity-based deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) optical biosensor is demonstrated for the first time using synthetic sapphire for the optical cavity. Transmitted and elastic scattering intensity at 1510 nm are analyzed from a sapphire microsphere (radius 500 µm, refractive index 1.77) on an optical fiber half coupler. The 0.43 nm angular mode spacing of the resonances correlates well with the optical size of the sapphire sphere. Probe DNA consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on a sapphire microsphere and hybridized with a 29-mer target DNA. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) were monitored before the sapphire was functionalized with DNA and after it was functionalized with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The shift in WGMs from the surface modification with DNA was measured and correlated well with the estimated thickness of the add-on DNA layer. It is shown that ssDNA is more uniformly oriented on the sapphire surface than dsDNA. In addition, it is shown that functionalization of the sapphire spherical surface with DNA does not affect the quality factor (Q . ≈ 04) of the sapphire microspheres. The use of sapphire is especially interesting because this material is chemically resilient, biocompatible, and widely used for medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Murib
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Weng-Siang Yeap
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daan Martens
- Ghent University-Information Technology, Department of Information Technology, Photonics Research Group, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bienstman
- Ghent University-Information Technology, Department of Information Technology, Photonics Research Group, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ward De Ceuninck
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumcInteruniversitair Microelectronica Centrum vereniging zonder winstoogmerk, Division Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek in de Micro-Elektronica, Wetenschaps
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumcInteruniversitair Microelectronica Centrum vereniging zonder winstoogmerk, Division Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek in de Micro-Elektronica, Wetenschaps
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Luc Michiels
- Hasselt University, BIOMED, Agoralaan Building C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ken Haenen
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumcInteruniversitair Microelectronica Centrum vereniging zonder winstoogmerk, Division Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek in de Micro-Elektronica, Wetenschaps
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, BIOMED, Agoralaan Building C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ali Serpengüzel
- Koç University, Department of Physics, Microphotonics Research Laboratory, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Hasselt University, Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumcInteruniversitair Microelectronica Centrum vereniging zonder winstoogmerk, Division Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek in de Micro-Elektronica, Wetenschaps
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Riedel
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Julia Kartchemnik
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute
of Nano- and Biotechnologies, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mußmann-Strasse 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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62
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Siqueira JR, Molinnus D, Beging S, Schöning MJ. Incorporating a Hybrid Urease-Carbon Nanotubes Sensitive Nanofilm on Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors for Urea Detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5370-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500458s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José R. Siqueira
- Institute
of Exact Sciences, Naturals and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 38064-200 Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute
of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Beging
- Institute
of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute
of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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63
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64
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Miyamoto KI, Hirayama Y, Wagner T, Schöning MJ, Yoshinobu T. Visualization of enzymatic reaction in a microfluidic channel using chemical imaging sensor. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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65
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Bandodkar AJ, Molinnus D, Mirza O, Guinovart T, Windmiller JR, Valdés-Ramírez G, Andrade FJ, Schöning MJ, Wang J. Epidermal tattoo potentiometric sodium sensors with wireless signal transduction for continuous non-invasive sweat monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:603-9. [PMID: 24333582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the fabrication, characterization and application of an epidermal temporary-transfer tattoo-based potentiometric sensor, coupled with a miniaturized wearable wireless transceiver, for real-time monitoring of sodium in the human perspiration. Sodium excreted during perspiration is an excellent marker for electrolyte imbalance and provides valuable information regarding an individual's physical and mental wellbeing. The realization of the new skin-worn non-invasive tattoo-like sensing device has been realized by amalgamating several state-of-the-art thick film, laser printing, solid-state potentiometry, fluidics and wireless technologies. The resulting tattoo-based potentiometric sodium sensor displays a rapid near-Nernstian response with negligible carryover effects, and good resiliency against various mechanical deformations experienced by the human epidermis. On-body testing of the tattoo sensor coupled to a wireless transceiver during exercise activity demonstrated its ability to continuously monitor sweat sodium dynamics. The real-time sweat sodium concentration was transmitted wirelessly via a body-worn transceiver from the sodium tattoo sensor to a notebook while the subjects perspired on a stationary cycle. The favorable analytical performance along with the wearable nature of the wireless transceiver makes the new epidermal potentiometric sensing system attractive for continuous monitoring the sodium dynamics in human perspiration during diverse activities relevant to the healthcare, fitness, military, healthcare and skin-care domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Omar Mirza
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tomás Guinovart
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joshua R Windmiller
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Electrozyme LLC, Executive Square (Suite 485), San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Andrade
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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66
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Kirchner P, Oberländer J, Suso HP, Rysstad G, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Monitoring the microbicidal effectiveness of gaseous hydrogen peroxide in sterilisation processes by means of a calorimetric gas sensor. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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67
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Bohrn U, Stütz E, Fleischer M, Schöning MJ, Wagner P. Using a cell-based gas biosensor for investigation of adverse effects of acetone vapors in vitro. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kramer F, Halámková L, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Katz E, Halámek J. Biocatalytic analysis of biomarkers for forensic identification of ethnicity between Caucasian and African American groups. Analyst 2013; 138:6251-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van Grinsven B, Vanden Bon N, Strauven H, Grieten L, Murib M, Monroy KLJ, Janssens SD, Haenen K, Schöning MJ, Vermeeren V, Ameloot M, Michiels L, Thoelen R, De Ceuninck W, Wagner P. Heat-transfer resistance at solid-liquid interfaces: a tool for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA. ACS Nano 2012; 6:2712-21. [PMID: 22356595 DOI: 10.1021/nn300147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the heat-transfer resistance at interfaces as a novel, denaturation-based method to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA. We observed that a molecular brush of double-stranded DNA grafted onto synthetic diamond surfaces does not notably affect the heat-transfer resistance at the solid-to-liquid interface. In contrast to this, molecular brushes of single-stranded DNA cause, surprisingly, a substantially higher heat-transfer resistance and behave like a thermally insulating layer. This effect can be utilized to identify ds-DNA melting temperatures via the switching from low- to high heat-transfer resistance. The melting temperatures identified with this method for different DNA duplexes (29 base pairs without and with built-in mutations) correlate nicely with data calculated by modeling. The method is fast, label-free (without the need for fluorescent or radioactive markers), allows for repetitive measurements, and can also be extended toward array formats. Reference measurements by confocal fluorescence microscopy and impedance spectroscopy confirm that the switching of heat-transfer resistance upon denaturation is indeed related to the thermal on-chip denaturation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Grinsven
- Institute for Materials Research IMO, IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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70
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van Grinsven B, Vanden Bon N, Grieten L, Murib M, Janssens SD, Haenen K, Schneider E, Ingebrandt S, Schöning MJ, Vermeeren V, Ameloot M, Michiels L, Thoelen R, De Ceuninck W, Wagner P. Rapid assessment of the stability of DNA duplexes by impedimetric real-time monitoring of chemically induced denaturation. Lab Chip 2011; 11:1656-1663. [PMID: 21448492 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the electronic monitoring of DNA denaturation by NaOH using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence imaging as a reference technique. The probe DNA consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on nanocrystalline-diamond electrodes and hybridized with different types of 29-mer target DNA (complementary, single-nucleotide defects at two different positions, and a non-complementary random sequence). The mathematical separation of the impedimetric signals into the time constant for NaOH exposure and the intrinsic denaturation-time constants gives clear evidence that the denaturation times reflect the intrinsic stability of the DNA duplexes. The intrinsic time constants correlate with calculated DNA-melting temperatures. The impedimetric method requires minimal instrumentation, is label-free and fast with a typical time scale of minutes and is highly reproducible. The sensor electrodes can be used repetitively. These elements suggest that the monitoring of chemically induced denaturation at room temperature is an interesting approach to measure DNA duplex stability as an alternative to thermal denaturation at elevated temperatures, used in DNA-melting experiments and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B van Grinsven
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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71
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Malzahn K, Windmiller JR, Valdés-Ramírez G, Schöning MJ, Wang J. Wearable electrochemical sensors for in situ analysis in marine environments. Analyst 2011; 136:2912-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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73
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Miyamoto KI, Kaneko K, Matsuo A, Wagner T, Kanoha S, Schöning MJ, Yoshinobu T. Miniaturized chemical imaging sensor system using an OLED display panel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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74
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Siqueira JR, Maki RM, Paulovich FV, Werner CF, Poghossian A, de Oliveira MCF, Zucolotto V, Oliveira ON, Schöning MJ. Use of Information Visualization Methods Eliminating Cross Talk in Multiple Sensing Units Investigated for a Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor. Anal Chem 2009; 82:61-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9024076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José R. Siqueira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafael M. Maki
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fernando V. Paulovich
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carl F. Werner
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Maria C. F. de Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos and Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo, 369 São Carlos, Brazil, Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Siqueira JR, Abouzar MH, Poghossian A, Zucolotto V, Oliveira ON, Schöning MJ. Penicillin biosensor based on a capacitive field-effect structure functionalized with a dendrimer/carbon nanotube multilayer. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:497-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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76
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Pita M, Krämer M, Zhou J, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Fernández VM, Katz E. Optoelectronic properties of nanostructured ensembles controlled by biomolecular logic systems. ACS Nano 2008; 2:2160-2166. [PMID: 19206463 DOI: 10.1021/nn8004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A nanostructured system composed of enzyme-functionalized silica microparticles, ca. 74 microm, and gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles, 18 +/- 3 nm, modified with pH-sensitive organic shells was used to process biochemical signals and transduce the output signal into the changes of the optoelectronic properties of the assembly. The enzymes (glucose oxidase, invertase, esterase) covalently bound to the silica microparticles performed Boolean logic operations AND/OR processing biochemical information received in the form of chemical input signals resulting in changes of the solution pH value. Dissociation state of the organic shells on the gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles was controlled by pH changes generated in situ by the enzyme logic systems. The charge variation on the organic shells upon the reversible protonation/dissociation process resulted in the changes of the gold layer localized surface plasmon resonance energy (LSPR), thus producing optical changes in the system. The proton transfer process allowed the functional coupling of the information processing enzyme systems with the signal transducing gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles providing their cooperative performance. Magnetic properties of the gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles allowed separation of the signal-transducing nanoparticles from the enzyme-modified signal processing silica microparticles. The reversible system operation was achieved by the Reset function, returning the pH value and optical properties of the system to the initial state. This process was biocatalyzed by another immobilized enzyme (urease) activated with a biochemical signal. The studied approach opens the way to novel optical biosensors logically processing multiple biochemical signals and "smart" multisignal responsive materials with logically switchable optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pita
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
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77
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Moreno i Codinachs L, Kloock JP, Schöning MJ, Baldi A, Ipatov A, Bratov A, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Electronic integrated multisensor tongue applied to grape juice and wine analysis. Analyst 2008; 133:1440-8. [PMID: 18810293 DOI: 10.1039/b801228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated multisensor composed by six ISFET devices selective to common ions and heavy metals combined with a flow injection analysis (FIA) system has been applied as an electronic tongue to grape juice and wine sample analysis. The data obtained for several grape and wine variety samples analysis have been treated using multiparametric tools like principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modelling class analogy technique (SIMCA) for the patterning recognition and classification of samples and partial least squares (PLS) regression for quantification of several parameters of interest in wine production. The results obtained have demonstrated the potential of using those multisensors as electronic tongues not only for distinguishing the samples according to the grape variety and the vintage year but also for quantitative prediction of several sample parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Moreno i Codinachs
- Chemical Transducers Group (GTQ), Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM-IMB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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78
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Gun J, Rizkov D, Lev O, Abouzar MH, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ. Oxygen plasma-treated gold nanoparticle-based field-effect devices as transducer structures for bio-chemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Wagner T, Molina R, Yoshinobu T, Kloock JP, Biselli M, Canzoneri M, Schnitzler T, Schöning MJ. Handheld multi-channel LAPS device as a transducer platform for possible biological and chemical multi-sensor applications. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Ingebrandt S, Han Y, Nakamura F, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Offenhäusser A. Label-free detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms utilizing the differential transfer function of field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2834-40. [PMID: 17187976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a label-free method for the detection of DNA hybridization, which is monitored by non-metallized silicon field-effect transistors (FET) in a microarray approach. The described method enables a fast and fully electronic readout of ex situ binding assays. The label-free detection utilizing the field-effect is based on the intrinsic charge of the DNA molecules and/or on changes of the solid-liquid interface impedance, when biomolecules bind to the sensor surface. With our sensor system, usually a time-resolved, dc readout is used. In general, this FET signal suffers from sensor drift, temperature drift, changes in electrolyte composition or pH value, influence of the reference electrode, etc. In this article, we present a differential ac readout concept for FET microarrays, which enables a stable operation of the sensor against many of these side-parameters, reliable readout and a possibility for a quick screening of large sensor arrays. We present the detection of point mutations in short DNA samples with this method in an ex situ binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ingebrandt
- Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems, Institute 2: Bioelectronics, Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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81
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Poghossian A, Abouzar MH, Amberger F, Mayer D, Han Y, Ingebrandt S, Offenhäusser A, Schöning MJ. Field-effect sensors with charged macromolecules: Characterisation by capacitance–voltage, constant-capacitance, impedance spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2100-7. [PMID: 17055239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Field-effect-based capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensors have been utilised for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immobilisation and hybridisation detection as well as for monitoring the layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes (anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)). The EIS sensors with charged macromolecules have been systematically characterised by capacitance-voltage, constant-capacitance, impedance spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy methods. The effect of the number and polarity of the polyelectrolyte layers on the shift of the capacitance-voltage curves has been investigated. Alternating potential shifts of about 30-90 mV have been observed after the adsorption of each polyanion and polycation layer, respectively. The DNA immobilisation and hybridisation signals were 35-55 and 24-33 mV, respectively. The possible mechanisms for the sensor responses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poghossian
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences (Jülich Campus), Laboratory for Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Ginsterweg 1, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.
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82
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Yoshinobu T, Iwasaki H, Ui Y, Furuichi K, Ermolenko Y, Mourzina Y, Wagner T, Näther N, Schöning MJ. The light-addressable potentiometric sensor for multi-ion sensing and imaging. Methods 2005; 37:94-102. [PMID: 16199169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor with an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structure. The LAPS can have many measuring points integrated on the sensing surface, which are individually accessed by a light beam. By modifying the measuring points with different materials, a single sensor plate can be used as a multi-analyte sensor. In this paper, instrumentation and application of LAPS to multi-ion sensing and imaging are described. As a new application of LAPS, potentiometric imaging of a microfluidic channel is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshinobu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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83
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Muck A, Wang J, Jacobs M, Chen G, Chatrathi MP, Jurka V, Výborný Z, Spillman SD, Sridharan G, Schöning MJ. Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips by atmospheric molding. Anal Chem 2005; 76:2290-7. [PMID: 15080740 DOI: 10.1021/ac035030+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A greatly simplified method for fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) separation microchips is introduced. The new protocol relies on UV-initiated polymerization of the monomer solution in an open mold under ambient pressure. Silicon microstructures are transferred to the polymer substrate by molding a methyl methacrylate solution in a sandwich (silicon master/Teflon spacer/glass plate) mold. The chips are subsequently assembled by thermal sealing of the channel and cover plates. The new fabrication method obviates the need for specialized replication equipment and reduces the complexity of prototyping and manufacturing. Variables of the fabrication process were assessed and optimized. The new method compares favorably with common fabrication techniques, yielding high-quality devices with well-defined channel and injection-cross structures, and highly smoothed surfaces. Nearly 100 PMMA chips were replicated using a single silicon master, with high chip-to-chip reproducibility (relative standard deviations of 1.5 and 4.7% for the widths and depths of the replicated channels, respectively). The relatively high EOF value of the new chips (2.12 x 10(-4) cm(2) x V(-1) x s(-1)) indicates that the UV polymerization process increases the surface charge and hence enhances the fluidic transport. The attractive performance of the new CE microchips has been demonstrated in connection with end-column amperometric and contactless-conductivity detection schemes. While the new approach is demonstrated in connection with PMMA microchips, it could be applied to other materials that undergo light-initiated polymerization. The new approach brings significant simplification of the process of fabricating PMMA devices and should lead to a widespread low-cost production of high-quality separation microchips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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84
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Abstract
S-Alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides have been observed in several plants, mainly belonging to the onion family (Alliaceae), which are of high commercial interest (e.g. garlic, Allium sativum). The quality of most garlic containing herbal remedies produced from garlic powder is determined by their content of the cysteine sulfoxide alliin. Therefore, a comprehensive method for the documentation of alliin amounts present in the fresh plant material through to the final remedy is desirable. The newly developed biosensoric method described in this paper was designed in order to fulfil these demands. In contrast to conventional HPLC-methods, neither a pre-column derivatization nor a chromatographic separation are required allowing a high throughput of samples. This technique is based on immobilized alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4), which was combined with an ammonia-gas electrode. The enzyme was either placed in a small cartridge or was immobilized in direct contact of the electrode surface giving detection limits of 3.7 x 10(-7) and 5.9 x 10(-6) M. Founded on these experiments, a pH-sensitive electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor (EIS) layer structure made of Al/p-Si/SiO(2)/Si(3)N(4) was also combined with immobilized alliinase. Measurements could be performed in a range between 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-3) M alliin. All sensors were operated in the flow-through modus. A high specificity for alliin could be demonstrated for the electrode and a number of garlic samples were analyzed. Results gained with the new method showed a good correlation with those obtained with conventional HPLC-methods. In addition, onion and a variety of wild Allium species were analyzed in order to determine the amount of isoalliin or total cysteine sulfoxides present, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Keusgen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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85
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Wang J, Krause R, Block K, Musameh M, Mulchandani A, Schöning MJ. Flow injection amperometric detection of OP nerve agents based on an organophosphorus-hydrolase biosensor detector. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:255-60. [PMID: 12485772 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection system with an organophosphorus-hydrolase (OPH)-biosensor detector has been developed and characterized for the rapid detection of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. The enzyme was immobilized onto a thin-film gold detector through a cystamine-glutaraldehyde coupling. Factors influencing the performance were optimized. The resulting flow system offered a fast, sensitive, selective, and stable response. The peak current increased linearly with the concentration of paraoxon and methyl parathion over the 1-10 microM range (sensitivity, 2.29 and 1.04 nA/microM, respectively). The OPH-biosensor flow injection systems offered low detection limits (e.g. 0.1 microM paraoxon), along with a good precision (R.S.D. of 3.6% for 20 successive injections of a 1.0 microM paraoxon solution). The OPH-biosensor flow detector offers great promise for rapid field screening of OP pesticides and nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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86
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Wang J, Krause R, Block K, Musameh M, Mulchandani A, Mulchandani P, Chen W, Schöning MJ. Dual amperometric–potentiometric biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus neurotoxins. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
A new electrochemical detection principle is described for the trace analysis of dissolved species which can be deposited at polycrystalline thin-film metal electrodes and which change the surface resistance of the electrode. Because the latter parameter is measured in dependence on the applied electrode potential this method is called voltohmmetry. The preparation of the required thin-film electrodes and the experimental set-up is introduced and discussed. Typical voltohmmetric experiments are illustrated by measurements of Tl+/Tl at polycrystalline gold electrodes with a thickness of 15 nm. The analytical capabilities of this new approach are discussed. It is already possible to determine heavy metals such as Tl+, Pb2+ or Cd2+ in the range of a few microgram/L by surface resistance-potential measurements at thin-film electrodes with a simple cyclic technique. Further developments of voltohmmetry are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Emons
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Applied Physical Chemistry, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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91
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92
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93
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Abstract
Insect-based BioFETs (biologically sensitive field-effect transistors) with improved signal characteristics have been developed. These BioFETs require a specifically adapted signal interfacing between a FET as signal transducer and an intact insect antenna as biocomponent. Therefore, different field-effect transistors have been fabricated in order to study the signal transfer at the bioelectronic interface. As relevant features of the BioFET, its current-voltage characteristics, the transconductance and the signal-to-noise ratio have been investigated as affected by the choice of gate insulator materials and gate dimensions (width-to-length ratio, thickness of the dielectric layers). The performance of the improved FET arrangement in the isolated-antenna BioFET was validated by employing dilution series of the plant odour component Z-3-hexen-1-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroth
- Institut für Schicht- und Ionentechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
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