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Camell CD, Yousefzadeh MJ, Zhu Y, Prata LGPL, Huggins MA, Pierson M, Zhang L, O'Kelly RD, Pirtskhalava T, Xun P, Ejima K, Xue A, Tripathi U, Espindola-Netto JM, Giorgadze N, Atkinson EJ, Inman CL, Johnson KO, Cholensky SH, Carlson TW, LeBrasseur NK, Khosla S, O'Sullivan MG, Allison DB, Jameson SC, Meves A, Li M, Prakash YS, Chiarella SE, Hamilton SE, Tchkonia T, Niedernhofer LJ, Kirkland JL, Robbins PD. Senolytics reduce coronavirus-related mortality in old mice. Science 2021; 373:science.abe4832. [PMID: 34103349 PMCID: PMC8607935 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state elicited in response to stress signals and is associated with a damaging secretory phenotype. The number of senescent cells increases with advanced age and this in turn drives age-related diseases. Camell et al. show that senescent cells have an amplified inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (see the Perspective by Cox and Lord). This response is communicated to nonsenescent cells, suppressing viral defense mechanisms and increasing the expression of viral entry proteins. In old mice infected with a SARS-CoV-2–related virus, treatment with senolytics to reduce the senolytic cell burden reduced mortality and increased antiviral antibodies. Science, abe4832, this issue p. eabe4832; see also abi4474, p. 281 INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic revealed enhanced vulnerability of the elderly and chronically ill to adverse outcomes upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Senescence is a cell fate elicited by cellular stress that results in changes in gene expression, morphology, metabolism, and resistance to apoptosis. Senescent cells (SnCs) secrete pro-inflammatory factors, called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SnCs accumulate with age and drive chronic inflammation. In human cells and tissues and using a new infection paradigm, we asked whether SnCs are a cause of adverse outcomes of infection with aging. This is relevant because SnCs can be selectively eliminated in vivo with a new class of therapeutics called senolytics, potentially affording a new approach to treat COVID-19. RATIONALE We hypothesized that SnCs, because of their pro-inflammatory SASP, might have a heightened response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) factors, resulting in increased risk of cytokine storm and multi-organ failure. To test this, we treated senescent and nonsenescent human cells with the PAMPs lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and measured the SASP and its effect on non-SnCs. Similarly, old and progeroid mice were challenged with LPS, and we measured the SASP. Previously, we created a “normal microbial experience” (NME) for mice by transmitting environmental pathogens to specified-pathogen–free (SPF) mice through exposure to pet store mice or their bedding. The first pathogen transferred was mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a β-coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV-2. NME rapidly killed aged SPF mice known to have an increased burden of SnCs compared with young SPF mice, which survive NME. This afforded an experimental paradigm to test whether senolytics blunt adverse outcomes in β-coronavirus infection. RESULTS Human endothelial SnCs became hyperinflammatory in response to challenge with LPS and S1, relative to non-SnCs. The PAMP-elicited secretome of SnCs caused increased expression of viral entry proteins and reduced expression of antiviral genes in nonsenescent human endothelial and lung epithelial cells, and the proximity of these events was established in human lung biopsies. Treatment of old mice with LPS significantly increased SASP expression in several organs relative to young mice, confirming our hypothesis in vivo. Similarly, old mice exposed to NME displayed a significant multi-organ increase in SnCs and the SASP, impaired immune response to MHV, and 100% mortality, whereas inoculation with antibodies against MHV before NME afforded complete rescue of mortality. Treating old mice with the senolytic fisetin, which selectively eliminates SnCs after NME reduced mortality by 50%, reduced expression of inflammatory proteins in serum and tissue and improved the immune response. This was confirmed with a second senolytic regimen, Dasatinib plus Quercetin, as well as genetic ablation of SnCs in aged mice, establishing SnCs as a cause of adverse outcomes in aged organisms exposed to a new viral pathogen. CONCLUSION SnCs amplify susceptibility to COVID-19 and pathogen-induced hyperinflammation. Reducing SnC burden in aged mice reduces mortality after pathogen exposure, including a β-coronavirus. Our findings strongly support the Geroscience hypothesis that therapeutically targeting fundamental aging mechanisms improves resilience in the elderly, with alleviation of morbidity and mortality due to pathogenic stress. This suggests that senolytics might protect others vulnerable to adverse COVID-19 outcomes in whom increased SnCs occur (such as in obesity or numerous chronic diseases). The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the pronounced vulnerability of the elderly and chronically ill to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–induced morbidity and mortality. Cellular senescence contributes to inflammation, multiple chronic diseases, and age-related dysfunction, but effects on responses to viral infection are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that senescent cells (SnCs) become hyper-inflammatory in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-1, increasing expression of viral entry proteins and reducing antiviral gene expression in non-SnCs through a paracrine mechanism. Old mice acutely infected with pathogens that included a SARS-CoV-2–related mouse β-coronavirus experienced increased senescence and inflammation, with nearly 100% mortality. Targeting SnCs by using senolytic drugs before or after pathogen exposure significantly reduced mortality, cellular senescence, and inflammatory markers and increased antiviral antibodies. Thus, reducing the SnC burden in diseased or aged individuals should enhance resilience and reduce mortality after viral infection, including that of SARS-CoV-2.
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Ochfeld E, Curran ML, Chiarella SE, Ardalan K, Khojah A. A Case Report of SAVI Mimicking Early-Onset ANCA Vasculitis. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1652-1655. [PMID: 34089458 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Queener AM, Chiarella SE, Cuervo-Pardo L, Coden ME, Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S. Metabolism of Epithelial Cells in Health and Allergic Disease: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2021. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:663-678. [PMID: 34077948 DOI: 10.1159/000516809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant dramatic increase in prevalence of allergic and metabolic diseases is part of a modern epidemic afflicting technologically advanced societies. While clinical evidence points to clear associations between various metabolic factors and atopic disease, there is still a very limited understanding of the mechanisms that link the two. Dysregulation of central metabolism in metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia has a systemic impact on multiple tissues and organs, including cells of the epithelial barrier. While much of epithelial research in allergy has focused on the immune-driven processes, a growing number of recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of metabolic components of disease. This review will revisit clinical evidence for the relationship between metabolic and allergic diseases, as well as discuss potential mechanisms driving metabolic dysfunction of the epithelial barrier. Among them, novel studies highlight links between dysregulation of the insulin pathway, glucose metabolism, and loss of epithelial differentiation in asthma. Studies of mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics in lean and obese asthmatic phenotypes recently came to light to provide a novel framework linking changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation with arginine metabolism and nitric oxide bioavailability. New research established connections between arachidonate metabolism, autophagy, and airway disease, as well as systemic dyslipidemia in atopic dermatitis and ceramide changes in the epidermis. Taken together, studies of metabolism have a great potential to open doors to a new class of therapeutic strategies, better characterization of disease endotypes, as well as enable a systems biology approach to mechanisms of allergic disease.
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Bartman CM, Stelzig KE, Linden DR, Prakash YS, Chiarella SE. Passive siRNA transfection method for gene knockdown in air-liquid interface airway epithelial cell cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L280-L286. [PMID: 34037474 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures recapitulates organotypic modeling of the in vivo environment. Although ALI cultures are invaluable for studying the respiratory epithelial barrier, loss-of-function studies are limited by potentially cytotoxic reagents in classical transfection methods, the length of the differentiation protocol, and the number of primary epithelial cell passages. Here, we present the efficacy and use of a simple method for small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of normal HBEs (NHBEs) in ALI cultures that does not require potentially cytotoxic transfection reagents and does not detrimentally alter the physiology or morphology of NHBEs during the differentiation process. This transfection protocol introduces a reproducible and efficient method for loss-of-function studies in HBE ALI cultures that can be leveraged for modeling the respiratory system and airway diseases.
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Stelzig KE, Canepa-Escaro F, Schiliro M, Berdnikovs S, Prakash YS, Chiarella SE. Estrogen regulates the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in differentiated airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1280-L1281. [PMID: 32432918 PMCID: PMC7276982 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is marked sexual dimorphism in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we report that estrogen can regulate the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key component for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, in differentiated airway epithelial cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms by which sex steroids regulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
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Shrestha P, Diaz-Menindez M, Chiarella SE, Gonzalez-Estrada A. Oral allergy syndrome due to a hidden allergen in Mojo sauce. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 124:623-624. [PMID: 32259564 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chiarella SE. Immunobiologic treatments for severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc 2019; 40:485-489. [PMID: 31690400 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunobiologic agents are an important therapeutic alternative for severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. In this article, we reviewed the most relevant studies that addressed the use of anti-immunoglobulin E (omalizumab), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab), and anti-IL-4/IL-13 (dupilumab) treatments for these allergic diseases. In addition, we discussed emerging immunobiologic therapies, such as tezepelumab.
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Patel NB, Cuervo-Pardo L, Tan TL, Kundu RV, Chiarella SE. Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:326-327. [PMID: 31427196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patel NB, Ostilla LA, Cuervo-Pardo L, Berdnikovs S, Chiarella SE. Gene expression of TMEM178, which encodes a negative regulator of NFATc1, decreases with the progression of asthma severity. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:38. [PMID: 31406566 PMCID: PMC6686220 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In two independent microarray studies involving primary airway epithelial cells, the relative gene expression of TMEM178 decreases with the progression of asthma severity. Our manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies dissecting the role of Tmem178 in the pathogenesis of severe asthma.
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Queener A, Jeong BM, Doan TC, Chiarella SE, Walker MT, Coden ME, Nagasaka R, Berdnikovs S. Induced hyperglycemia promotes sensitization and exacerbates allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.119.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glucose is a key source of energy in systemic and cellular metabolism and has known pro-inflammatory properties. It has recently been acknowledged that associations exist between metabolic disorders (diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity), asthma and other allergic diseases. As the prevalence of both metabolic and allergic disorders increases, it is important to understand how metabolism can influence the development of allergy. First, we injected fasted wild type Balbc/J mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2g/kg dextrose (standard hyperglycemic challenge) to test whether hyperglycemia promotes inflammation favoring antigen sensitization. Within one hour of injection, we detected a rapid increase in blood glucose levels (up to 130 mg/dL) followed by an increase in Il1β, Tslp, Cxcl9, and Siglec5 gene expression in the peritoneal tissue compared to vehicle controls. Within 2 hours post injection, IL-1β protein was detected in peritoneal cellular infiltrate. In order to determine whether glucose-induced inflammation promotes allergic response, we sensitized mice by i.p. to chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) using either alum (standard adjuvant), dextrose or vehicle control. Both alum/OVA and dextrose/OVA mounted lung allergic inflammation in response to inhaled OVA antigen. Dextrose/OVA mice had OVA-specific IgE production similar to alum/OVA group, demonstrating ability to promote sensitization. Remarkably, total cellular infiltrates, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils, lung expression of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-33 in dextrose-sensitized mice were equal or surpassing allergic inflammatory responses in mice given standard adjuvant. These results demonstrate a potentially critical role for glucose in promotion of allergy.
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Soberanes S, Misharin AV, Jairaman A, Morales-Nebreda L, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Cho T, Hamanaka RB, Meliton AY, Reyfman PA, Walter JM, Chen CI, Chi M, Chiu S, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Antalek M, Abdala-Valencia H, Chiarella SE, Sun KA, Woods PS, Ghio AJ, Jain M, Perlman H, Ridge KM, Morimoto RI, Sznajder JI, Balch WE, Bhorade SM, Bharat A, Prakriya M, Chandel NS, Mutlu GM, Budinger GS. Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Electron Transport to Reduce Air-Pollution-Induced Thrombosis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:503. [PMID: 30726761 PMCID: PMC6377562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soberanes S, Misharin AV, Jairaman A, Morales-Nebreda L, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Cho T, Hamanaka RB, Meliton AY, Reyfman PA, Walter JM, Chen CI, Chi M, Chiu S, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Antalek M, Abdala-Valencia H, Chiarella SE, Sun KA, Woods PS, Ghio AJ, Jain M, Perlman H, Ridge KM, Morimoto RI, Sznajder JI, Balch WE, Bhorade SM, Bharat A, Prakriya M, Chandel NS, Mutlu GM, Budinger GRS. Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Electron Transport to Reduce Air-Pollution-Induced Thrombosis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:335-347.e5. [PMID: 30318339 PMCID: PMC6365216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urban particulate matter air pollution induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) from alveolar macrophages, resulting in an increase in thrombosis. Here, we report that metformin provides protection in this murine model. Treatment of mice with metformin or exposure of murine or human alveolar macrophages to metformin prevented the particulate matter-induced generation of complex III mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which were necessary for the opening of calcium release-activated channels (CRAC) and release of IL-6. Targeted genetic deletion of electron transport or CRAC channels in alveolar macrophages in mice prevented particulate matter-induced acceleration of arterial thrombosis. These findings suggest metformin as a potential therapy to prevent some of the premature deaths attributable to air pollution exposure worldwide.
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Patel NB, Ostilla L, Cuervo-Pardo L, Berdnikovs S, Chiarella SE. Gene Expression Of TMEM178 Decreases With The Progression Of Asthma Severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chiarella SE, Cuervo-Pardo L, Coden ME, Doan TC, Rodriguez RI, Jeong BM, Berdnikovs S. A Murine Model Of Asthma That Replicates The Human Asthma Puberty Switch. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chiarella SE, Rabin EE, Ostilla LA, Flozak AS, Gottardi CJ. αT-catenin: A developmentally dispensable, disease-linked member of the α-catenin family. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1463896. [PMID: 29746206 PMCID: PMC6179130 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1463896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Catenins are actin-filament binding proteins and critical subunits of the cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesive complex. They are found in nominally-defined epithelial (E), neural (N), and testis (T) forms transcribed from three distinct genes. While most of α-catenin research has focused on the developmentally essential founding member, αE-catenin, this review discusses recent studies on αT-catenin (CTNNA3), a developmentally dispensable isoform that is emerging as relevant to cardiac, allergic and neurological diseases.
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Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Chiarella SE, Cuervo-Pardo L, Coden ME, Jeong BM, Rodriguez RI, Mahdavinia M, Singh AM, Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S. More Than Estrogen: Puberty Switch Of Non-Sex Hormones In Allergic Disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cuervo-Pardo L, Chiarella SE, Mahdavinia M, Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S. Gender-Specific Dysregulation Of The Endocrine System Is A Novel Feature Of Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Villarreal RS, VandenBoom T, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Carter RG, Peters NT, Peters AT, Chiarella SE. Schnitzler syndrome with IgG gammopathy and elevated IL-1β and IL-17 in skin biopsy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 120:99-101. [PMID: 29162318 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 12.5% of the U.S. POPULATION CRS can be divided into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps. Some individuals with CRSwNP do not respond to standard-of-care medical and surgical management. For these individuals, targeted biologic agents are emerging as an important therapeutic alternative. In this review, we described the most-relevant studies that addressed the use of anti-immunoglobulin E (omalizumab), anti-interleukin 5 (mepolizumab and reslizumab), and anti-interleukin 4/interleukin 13 (dupilumab) monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of CRSwNP. In addition, we discussed the importance of some of these clinical trials in identifying new CRS endotypes based on distinct inflammatory profiles.
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Chiarella SE, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Singer BD, Budinger GS, Schleimer RP, Gottardi CJ. Defining the Cell Type through Which the Asthma-Associated Intercellular Junction Protein Alpha-T-Catenin Drives Asthma Phenotypes in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chiarella SE, Grammer LC. Immune deficiency in chronic rhinosinusitis: screening and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 13:117-123. [PMID: 27500811 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1216790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease with a high annual cost of treatment. Immune deficiencies are more common in individuals with CRS and should be especially considered in those patients who are refractory to medical and surgical therapy. Areas covered: We performed a literature search in PubMed of the terms "immunodeficiency" and "sinusitis" or "rhinosinusitis" from 2006 through March 2016. All abstracts were reviewed to determine if they pertained to human disease; relevant articles were evaluated in their entirety and included in this review. Expert commentary: CRS is a common disease; in those patients with frequent exacerbations or who are refractory to treatment, an immunodeficiency evaluation should be considered. Treatment includes vaccination, antibiotic therapy, immunoglobulin replacement and surgery.
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Chiarella SE, Hulse KE, Favoreto S, Biyasheva A, Shen J, Boushey HA, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Avila PC. Induction of Airway BAFF during Upper Respiratory Infections in Patients with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chiarella SE, Soberanes S, Urich D, Morales-Nebreda L, Nigdelioglu R, Green D, Young JB, Gonzalez A, Rosario C, Misharin AV, Ghio AJ, Wunderink RG, Donnelly HK, Radigan KA, Perlman H, Chandel NS, Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM. β₂-Adrenergic agonists augment air pollution-induced IL-6 release and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2935-46. [PMID: 24865431 DOI: 10.1172/jci75157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes thrombotic cardiovascular events, leading to increased mortality rates; however, the link between PM and cardiovascular dysfunction is not completely understood. We have previously shown that the release of IL-6 from alveolar macrophages is required for a prothrombotic state and acceleration of thrombosis following exposure to PM. Here, we determined that PM exposure results in the systemic release of catecholamines, which engage the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on murine alveolar macrophages and augment the release of IL-6. In mice, β2AR signaling promoted the development of a prothrombotic state that was sufficient to accelerate arterial thrombosis. In primary human alveolar macrophages, administration of a β2AR agonist augmented IL-6 release, while the addition of a beta blocker inhibited PM-induced IL-6 release. Genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of the β2AR on murine alveolar macrophages attenuated PM-induced IL-6 release and prothrombotic state. Furthermore, exogenous β2AR agonist therapy further augmented these responses in alveolar macrophages through generation of mitochondrial ROS and subsequent increase of adenylyl cyclase activity. Together, these results link the activation of the sympathetic nervous system by β2AR signaling with metabolism, lung inflammation, and an enhanced susceptibility to thrombotic cardiovascular events.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/biosynthesis
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/adverse effects
- Animals
- Antithrombin III/biosynthesis
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry
- Catecholamines/biosynthesis
- Colforsin/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Particulate Matter/administration & dosage
- Particulate Matter/adverse effects
- Peptide Hydrolases/biosynthesis
- Propranolol/administration & dosage
- Propranolol/adverse effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Thrombosis/etiology
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Radigan KA, Urich D, Misharin AV, Chiarella SE, Soberanes S, Gonzalez A, Perlman H, Wunderink RG, Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM. The effect of rosuvastatin in a murine model of influenza A infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35788. [PMID: 22536437 PMCID: PMC3335012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as rosuvastatin may have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may reduce the severity of influenza A infection. We hypothesized that rosuvastatin would decrease viral replication, attenuate lung injury, and improve mortality following influenza A infection in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were treated daily with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) supplemented in chow (or control chow) beginning three days prior to infection with either A//Udorn/72 [H3N2] or A/WSN/33 [H1N1] influenza A virus (1×10(5) pfu/mouse). Plaque assays were used to examine the effect of rosuvastatin on viral replication in vitro and in the lungs of infected mice. We measured cell count with differential, protein and cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histologic evidence of lung injury, and wet-to-dry ratio on Day 1, 2, 4, and 6. We also recorded daily weights and mortality. RESULTS The administration of rosuvastatin had no effect on viral clearance of influenza A after infection. Weight loss, lung inflammation and lung injury severity were similar in the rosuvastatin and control treated mice. In the mice infected with influenza A (A/WSN/33), mortality was unaffected by treatment with rosuvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Statins did not alter the replication of influenza A in vitro or enhance its clearance from the lung in vivo. Statins neither attenuated the severity of influenza A-induced lung injury nor had an effect on influenza A-related mortality. Our data suggest that the association between HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and improved outcomes in patients with sepsis and pneumonia are not attributable to their effects on influenza A infection.
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