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Cha JO, Lee JK, Jung YH, Yoo JI, Park YK, Kim BS, Lee YS. Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in South Korea. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:864-71. [PMID: 16968298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the molecular epidemiological study of Staphylococcus aureus from staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) incidents in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-two strains isolated from ten provinces between June 1999 and January 2002 were characterized by staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst) gene, and exfoliative toxin genes. Toxin genotypes were sea-seh (n=197), sea (n=51), sea-seg-sei (n=14), seg-sei (n=10), seb (n=10), seb-sed-seg-sei-sej (n=3), sea-seg-seh-sei (n=1), sea-seb (n=1), sea-sec (n=1), seg-sei plus eta (n=4), and sea-seg-sei plus tst (n=40). Most of the strains could be classified into three clusters of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types A and B with coagulase type VII and type E with coagulase type IV. Of the ten sequence types (ST), ST1, ST59, and ST30 were frequently showed by multilocus sequence typing. CONCLUSIONS The strain belonging to PFGE pattern A with sea-seh gene, coagulase VII, and ST1 was the most epidemic clone of SFP incidents in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Cha
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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102
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Abstract
Studies on the molecular structure underlying Br(a)/Br(b) (HPA-5) platelet alloantigen show that a single base polymorphism at position 1648 on platelet mRNA coding for GP Ia results in a amino acid substitution at position 505 on the mature GP Ia which is associated with the two serologically defined Br types. While this polymorphism has no known effects on platelet function, the possible influence of this polymorphism in immune thrombocytopenia ITP is again unexplored. Therefore, the genotype frequency of Br polymorphism in ITP was compared with that of healthy general Korean population. Interestingly, there was a statistical difference (P=0.03) in genotype frequency of Br polymorphism. The association of Br(a)/Br(b) (HPA-5)genotype and occurrence of ITP may suggest the possible influence of genetic polymorphism on the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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103
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Yonemura Y, Wu CC, Fukushima N, Honda I, Bandou E, Kawamura T, Kamata S, Yamamoto H, Kim BS, Matsuki N, Sawa T, Noh SH. Operative morbidity and mortality after D2 and D4 extended dissection for advanced gastric cancer: a prospective randomized trial conducted by Asian surgeons. Hepatogastroenterology 2006; 53:389-94. [PMID: 16795979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A randomized study was performed to evaluate morbidity and mortality after D2 (level 1 and 2 lymphadenectomy) and D4 (D2 plus lymphadenectomy of para-aortic lymph nodes) dissection for advanced gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY Two hundred and fifty-six patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled (128 to each group). Patients were randomly allocated into D2 (N = 128) or D4 (N = 128) group. The first and second tiers of lymph nodes are removed in D2 dissection. In D4 gastrectomy, the paraaortic lymph nodes were additionally removed. RESULTS There was no indication of significant distribution bias with regard to age, sex, T-grade, and N-grade between the two groups. Operation time of D4 gastrectomy (369 +/- 120 min) was significantly longer than that of D2 gastrectomy (273 +/- 1103 min), and blood loss of the D4 group (872 +/- 683 mL) was significantly greater than that of the D2 group 571 +/- 527 mL (P < 0.001). Five (4%) and two (2%) medical complications developed in the D2 and D4 groups, respectively. Surgical complications developed in 28 (22%) and 48 patients (38%) after D2 and D4 gastrectomy. The most common complications were anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, and abdominal abscess. Pancreatic fistula developed in 6 (19%) of 32 patients after D4 plus pancreatosplenectomy, but the incidence of pancreatic fistula after D2 gastrectomy plus pancreatosplenectomy was low (6%, 1/16). Two patients died within 30 days of operation (0.8%, 2/256), and each patient belonged to the D2 and D4 group. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a significantly higher surgical complication rate in D4 dissection, D4 dissection can be done safely as D2 dissection when performed by well-trained surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yonemura
- Gastric Surgery Division, Peritoneal Dissemination Program, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimo-nagakubo, Nagaizumi-machi, Suntou-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan.
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104
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Eun SH, Lee YS, Cha JO, Yoo JI, Lee JG, Lee HJ, Kim BS. The point prevalence and associated factors of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in eight geriatric hospitals in Korea. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:81-3. [PMID: 16460551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and associated factors of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation were investigated among patients in geriatric hospitals in Korea. S. aureus was isolated from 317 (50.2%) of 632 patients. The nasal MRSA colonisation prevalence was 36.1%. In bivariate analysis, stay in an intensive care unit, decreased functional status, recent use of antibiotics, use of urinary catheters and the existence of skin breaks were associated with nasal MRSA colonisation (p < 0.05). Of these factors, only decreased functional status and recent use of systemic antibiotics were associated independently with nasal MRSA colonisation following logistic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Eun
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistant Pathogens, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
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105
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Jung SL, Kim BS, Lee KS, Yoon KH, Byun JY. Magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging changes after hypoglycemic coma. J Neuroimaging 2005; 15:193-6. [PMID: 15746233 DOI: 10.1177/1051228405274533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report a case of severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy in an elderly patient. The magnetic resonance images showed bilateral cortical signal changes and basal ganglia lesions, which spared the thalami. The lesions were bright on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted images and dark on the apparent diffusion coefficient map, being more conspicuous on the diffusion-weighted images than on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. A literature review of the imaging features and pathophysiological mechanism in comparison with those of hypoxic ischemic injury is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Jung
- Department of Radiology, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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106
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Shim CS, Cheon YK, Cha SW, Bhandari S, Moon JH, Cho YD, Kim YS, Lee LS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Endoscopy 2005; 37:425-33. [PMID: 15844020 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS We evaluated the therapeutic effects of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with advanced bile duct cancer. The utility of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) for the assessment of responses and for regular follow up after PDT was also examined. METHODS Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was initiated before PDT. Following dilation and maturation of the PTBD tract, percutaneous PDT was performed. Intraluminal photoactivation was carried out using percutaneous cholangioscopy 2 days after intravenous application of a hematoporphyrin derivative. All patients were additionally provided with percutaneous bile duct drainage catheters after PDT. IDUS was conducted monthly to measure the thickness of the tumor mass before and after PDT. RESULTS 24 patients with advanced cholangiocarcinomas (Bismuth IIIa, n = 4; IIIb, n = 10; IV, n = 10) were treated with PDT. At 3 months after PDT, the mean thickness of the tumor mass had decreased from 8.7 +/- 3.7 mm to 5.8 +/- 2.0 mm (P < 0.01). At 4 months after PDT, the thickness of the mass had increased to 7.0 +/- 3.7 mm. Quality of life indices improved dramatically and remained stable 1 month after PDT; the Karnofsky index increased from 39.1 +/- 11.36 to 58.2 +/- 22.72 points (P = 0.003). The 30-day mortality rate was 0 %, and the median survival time was 558 +/- 178.8 days (current range 62 - 810 days). CONCLUSIONS PDT using percutaneous cholangioscopy is safe and effective for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and seems to prolong survival. IDUS is useful for evaluating changes in the thickness of the tumor mass after PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Shim
- Institute for Digestive Research and Digestive Disease Center, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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107
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Oh SC, Park KH, Choi IK, Yoon SY, Kim SJ, Seo JH, Choi CW, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim JS, Kim YH. Docetaxel (Taxotere), cisplatin, UFT, and leucovorin combination chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:827-31. [PMID: 15726097 PMCID: PMC2361894 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted this study to ascertain the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel and cisplatin combined with oral UFT and leucovorin as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer. In all, 52 patients received courses of docetaxel 60 mg m(-2) intravenously (i.v.) for 1 h and then cisplatin 75 mg m(-2) i.v. for 2 h on day 1. Oral UFT at 400-600 mg day(-1), as determined by body surface area, and leucovorin at 75 mg day(-1) were administered for 21 consecutive days from day 1, and this was followed by a 7-day drug-free interval. A total of 225 courses were administered, and the median number of courses per patient was four. Four complete responses (7.7%) and 22 partial responses (42.3%) were achieved, giving an overall response rate of 50% (95% Confidence Interval: 36.4-63.6%). The major toxicity was neutropenia, which reached grade 3/4 in 36 patients (69.3%). Grade 3/4 nausea and vomiting was observed in 12 patients (23.1%). Median time to progression was 22 weeks (4 to 156+ weeks), median survival duration was 48 weeks (4 to 156+ weeks), and median response duration was 24 weeks (6-152 weeks). We conclude that docetaxel, cisplatin, oral UFT, and leucovorin combination chemotherapy is effective and tolerable for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - K H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - I K Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - S Y Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - J H Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - C W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - S W Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, 126-1, 5-Ga Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea. E-mail:
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108
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Shim CS, Jung IS, Cheon YK, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Management of malignant stricture of the esophagogastric junction with a newly designed self-expanding metal stent with an antireflux mechanism. Endoscopy 2005; 37:335-9. [PMID: 15824943 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS When stents are placed across the esophagogastric junction for palliative treatment of malignant strictures, they may lead to esophagogastric reflux. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a newly designed antireflux stent with that of a standard open stent and a currently available antireflux stent (Dostent) in preventing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with inoperable cancer at the esophagogastric junction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six consecutive patients with cancer at the esophagogastric junction were randomly assigned to undergo placement of a newly designed antireflux stent (n = 12), a Dostent (n = 12), or a standard open stent (n = 12). Technical and clinical success, dysphagia score, reflux symptoms, complications and ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring were assessed. RESULTS The technical success rates were 100 %. After 1 week, dysphagia had improved in all patient groups ( P < 0.05), but the degree of improvement did not differ between the three groups. The DeMeester score was significantly lower in the group with the newly designed antireflux stent than in the other groups. The fraction of the total recording time during which esophageal pH was below 4 was 3.14 +/- 5.78 % using the newly designed antireflux stent, in comparison with 29.25 +/- 15.41 % in the Dostent group and 15.01 +/- 11.72 % in the standard open stent group ( P < 0.001). Fewer reflux episodes occurred with the newly designed antireflux stent than with the Dostent or standard open stent. There were no complications with any of the three stents. CONCLUSIONS The newly designed antireflux stent is effective in relieving dysphagia caused by malignant cancer at the esophagogastric junction. The newly designed antireflux stent is significantly more effective in preventing gastroesophageal reflux than currently available antireflux stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Shim
- Institute for Digestive Research, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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109
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Kang HJ, Chang HM, Kim TW, Ryu MH, Sohn HJ, Yook JH, Oh ST, Kim BS, Lee JS, Kang YK. Phase II study of capecitabine and cisplatin as first-line combination therapy in patients with gastric cancer recurrent after fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:246-51. [PMID: 15655540 PMCID: PMC2361863 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine and cisplatin in patients with recurrent gastric cancer after fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy. Patients with histologically confirmed and measurable advanced gastric cancer that had relapsed after fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy received oral capecitabine (1250 mg m−2 twice daily, days 1–14) and intravenous cisplatin (60 mg m−2 over 1 h, day 1) every 3 weeks. In total, 32 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 were evaluable for efficacy and 32 for safety. A median of 5 cycles (range 1–10) was administered. One patient achieved a complete response and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 28% (95% CI, 13–44%). The median time to progression and median overall survival were 5.8 months (95% CI, 4.1–7.5 months) and 11.2 months (95% CI, 5.5–16.9 months), respectively. Grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 38 and 6% of patients, respectively. Grade 2/3 nonhaematological toxicities included diarrhoea (19%), stomatitis (19%) and hand-foot syndrome (31%). No grade 4 toxicity, neutropenic fever or treatment-related deaths occurred. Capecitabine in combination with cisplatin was effective and well tolerated as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent gastric cancer after fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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110
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Desal HA, Lee SK, Kim BS, Raoul S, Tymianski M, TerBrugge KG. Multiple de novo vascular malformations in relation to diffuse venous occlusive disease: a case report. Neuroradiology 2005; 47:38-42. [PMID: 15654620 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-003-0971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2002] [Accepted: 02/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain vascular malformations are dynamic disorders. Although mostly considered to be of congenital origin, the improvement of clinical imaging and vasculogenesis knowledge has shown that they might also result from a biological dysfunction of the remodeling process after birth. Venous occlusive disease and ishemia may represent powerful revealing triggers and support the capillary venous origin of some vascular malformations. We report a unique case of the development of multiple de novo vascular malformations (transverse sinus dural fistula and posterior fossa cavernomas) following acoustic neuroma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Desal
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hopital Laennec, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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111
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Kim HH, Kim KH, Kim DH, Kim MC, Kim BS, Kim YW, Kim YI, Kim YH, Kim W, Kim WW, Kim JJ, Kim TB, Ryu SY, Ryu SW, Min YD, Park YC, Park CH, Baik HK, Song KY, Yang HK, Lee KY, Lee BE, Lee BH, Lee YJ, Lee WK, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Jeon HM, Jung SJ, Cho GS, Chin HM, Choi SH, Choi YB, Han SU, Hur KY, Hur YS, Hyung WJ, Hong BH. Nationwide Survey of Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery in Korea, 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.5230/jkgca.2005.5.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Surgery, DongKang Medical Center
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University
| | - M C Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University
| | | | - Y I Kim
- 7Department of Surgery, Ewha Woman's University
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital
| | - W Kim
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - W W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pochon CHA University
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - T B Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University
| | - S Y Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University
| | - S W Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University
| | - Y D Min
- Department of Surgery, Chosun University
| | - Y C Park
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University
| | - C H Park
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - H K Baik
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University
| | - K Y Song
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - H K Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University
| | - B E Lee
- Department of Surgery, Changwon Fatima Hospital
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University
| | - W K Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon Medical School
| | - J H Lee
- 7Department of Surgery, Ewha Woman's University
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - H M Jeon
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - S J Jung
- Department of Surgery, Daegu Catholic University
| | - G S Cho
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University
| | - H M Chin
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University
| | - Y B Choi
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University
| | - S U Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University
| | - K Y Hur
- Department of Surgery, Hansol Hospital
| | - Y S Hur
- Department of Surgery, Inha University
| | - W J Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University
| | - B H Hong
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University
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112
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Kim BS, Uchikawa Y, Kobayashi K, Kawakatsu M, Kotani M. 3-D magnetic measurement of neuromagnetic response of somatosensory area to different repetition frequencies. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 2004:95. [PMID: 16012701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
3-D magnetic measurements of the bilateral somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) by electric stimulus to the right thumb for four normal subjects were carried out, using a three-dimensional (3-D) second-order gradiometer connected to 39-channel SQUIDs, which can detect magnetic field components perpendicular to the scalp (Br) and tangential to the scalp (Btheta, Bphi) simultaneously. To discuss the relationship between the phase lag and stimulus repetition frequency (SRF), the delay times of a component synchronous with the SRFs (1.99 to 27.02 Hz) were calculated by the convolution of the reference signal and the SEF wave (BPF: 15-40 Hz). The phase lag characteristic to the SRF in the contralateral hemisphere to the stimulus was linear in the ranges below 8 Hz and above 8 Hz in all magnetic components. The phase lag characteristic of the ipsilateral hemisphere to the stimulus was linear in only below-8 Hz in all components. It was tested for significance of the linear regression slope (beta not = 0, P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan.
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113
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Uchikawa Y, Kim BS, Kobayashi K. 3-D magnetic measurement of exercise-induced MCG. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 2004:92. [PMID: 16012702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a three-dimensional (3-D) vector measurement of exercise-induced magnetocardiograms (MCGs) for normal subjects with a wooden and brass-based bicycle ergometer. MCGs were measured by a 3-D second-order gradiometer connected to 39-channel SQUIDs, which can detect magnetic field components perpendicular to the chest wall (Bz) and tangential to the chest wall (Bx, By) simultaneously. Time-frequency analysis was applied to rest times and exercise-induced MCG data. It was shown that the power spectrum of the ST segment was different between the rest times and exercise-induced MCG. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied to the result of time-frequency analysis and the time course of frequency for the ST segment was evaluated quantitatively. It found that dominant frequency of the ST segment in the rest time was ranged 5.5 to 6.5 Hz in all components. And it was clearly shown that the peak frequency of the exercise-induced MCG was shifted to 10.5 Hz compared to that of rest MCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchikawa
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
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114
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Ahn KJ, You WJ, Jeong SL, Lee JW, Kim BS, Lee JH, Yang DW, Son YM, Hahn ST. Atypical manifestations of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: findings on diffusion imaging and ADC mapping. Neuroradiology 2004; 46:978-83. [PMID: 15536557 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-004-1276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Typically, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) involves the parieto-occipital lobes. When regions of the brain other than the parieto-occipital lobes are predominantly involved, the syndrome can be called atypical RPLS. The purpose of this study is to find radiological and pathophysiological features of atypical RPLS by using diffusion-weighted imaging (D-WI). We retrospectively reviewed seven patients (two with eclampsia, one with cyclosporine neurotoxicity, and four with hypertensive encephalopathy) with atypical MR manifestations of RPLS. Changes in signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2-WI) and D-WI, and ADC ratio, were analyzed. In patients with atypical manifestation of RPLS, high signal intensities on T2-WI were noted in the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and subcortical white matter in regions other than the parieto-occipital lobes. These areas of increased signal intensities on T2-WI showed increased ADC values, representing vasogenic edema in all seven patients. This result should be very useful in differentiating atypical RPLS from other metabolic brain disorders that affect the same sites with cytotoxic edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Ahn
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 62 Youido-Dong, Youngdeungpo-Gu, 150-713, Seoul, Korea.
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115
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Lee SK, Kim BS, Terbrugge KG. Clinical Presentation, Imaging and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT). Interv Neuroradiol 2004; 8:5-14. [PMID: 20594505 DOI: 10.1177/159101990200800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2002] [Accepted: 02/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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116
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Ahn KJ, You WJ, Lee JH, Kang BJ, Kim YJ, Kim BS, Hahn ST. Re-circulation artefact at the carotid bulb can be differentiated from true stenosis. Br J Radiol 2004; 77:551-6. [PMID: 15238400 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/70148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-circulation artefact developing secondary to vortex flow at the bulb of the internal carotid artery is very difficult to distinguish from true stenotic defect on two-dimensional Fourier transformed time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (2D-FT TOF MRA). The purpose of our study is to identify appropriate distinguishing features of re-circulation artefact. We included 45 extracranial carotid arteries collected from 25 patients who underwent both 2D-FT TOF MRA and contrast medium based angiography. Review of the 45 vessels demonstrated re-circulation artefact in 21 vessels, true stenotic defect in 8 vessels, and no filling defect in 16 vessels on 2D-FT TOF MRA. We compared the findings of re-circulation artefact and true stenotic defect in 29 vessels excluding the 16 vessels without filling defect. The following were evaluated: (1) preservation of posterior wall contour; (2) marginal character of filling defect; (3) darkness of filling defect; (4) involvement of common carotid artery by filling defect; (5) size of filling defect. In four out of the five evaluated items, statistically significant difference was present between re-circulation artefact group and true stenotic defect group (p<0.01 in all four items, chi(2) analysis). Re-circulation artefact demonstrated the preservation of the posterior wall contour (19/21), ill-defined margin (19/21), less dark defect (18/21), and no involvement of the common carotid artery (19/21). On the contrary true stenotic defect demonstrated focal loss of posterior wall contour (8/8), sharp margin (8/8), dark defect (8/8), and involvement of common carotid artery (4/8). No significant difference was noted in the size of the defect between the two groups (p>0.05). The specificity of 2D-FT TOF MRA for carotid stenosis was markedly increased after application of above signs. These distinguishing signs are very helpful in differentiating re-circulation artefact from true stenotic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Ahn
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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117
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Shim CS, Jung IS, Bhandari S, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Management of malignant strictures of the cervical esophagus with a newly-designed self-expanding metal stent. Endoscopy 2004; 36:554-7. [PMID: 15202054 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of self-expanding metal stents has become a well-established method of palliative treatment for stenotic malignant diseases in the middle and distal esophagus. However, published results on the use of self-expanding metal stents in cervical esophageal cancer are somewhat limited by a paucity of clinical details and experience. A new self-expanding esophageal metal stent with a short upper flange 0.7 cm in length was studied prospectively in order to assess its efficacy for palliative treatment. This report presents experience in three patients in whom this new stent was used in the treatment of cervical esophageal cancers. Stent placement was successful in all three patients, with no serious complications such as esophageal perforation, hemorrhage, or foreign-body sensation. All of the patients experienced rapid improvement in dysphagia and clinical symptoms. The newly designed self-expanding stent can be of value in the treatment of stenotic cervical esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Shim
- Institute for Digestive Research, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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118
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Shim CS, Cho JY, Jung IS, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Lee JS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Through-the-scope double colonic stenting in the management of inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction: a pilot study. Endoscopy 2004; 36:426-31. [PMID: 15100952 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Particularly in cases of proximal colonic obstruction, the long distance and tortuosity of the bowel make it difficult for gastroenterologists and radiologists to advance the stent to the point of the obstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness and efficacy in preventing stent migration and tumor ingrowth of a new self-expanding through-the-scope (TTS) double colonic stent in the palliative management of patients with inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of seven patients (four men, three women; mean age 62 years, range 57 - 68) underwent placement of a newly developed through-the-scope self-expanding double colonic stent. The etiologies of the obstructions at the time of stent insertion were colonic adenocarcinoma (no previous surgical resection) in five cases and metastatic adenocarcinoma from gastric carcinoma in two. The locations of the obstructions were the ascending colon in three cases, the hepatic flexure in two, and the transverse colon in two. To prevent tumor ingrowth and stent migration, an uncovered Niti-S stent (Taewoong Medical Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) was inserted into the stenotic area; a partly membrane-covered Niti-S stent was then again inserted into the stenotic area inside the uncovered Niti-S stent. RESULTS The self-expanding TTS double colonic stents were placed in the colon in seven patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction. Double stenting was successful in traversing the lesion in six of the seven cases. In one patient, the stent was not successfully placed across the lesion due to a very acute angle at the hepatic flexure. There were no significant complications relating to the insertion, with no clinical or radiographic evidence of perforation or bleeding during or after the procedures, and there were no cases of stent migration or tumor ingrowth during the mean follow-up period of 13 months. CONCLUSIONS Placement of these new self-expanding through-the-scope double colonic stents for the management of inoperable proximal malignant colonic obstruction is a feasible, effective, and safe form of palliative treatment for the prevention of stent migration and tumor ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Shim
- Institute for Digestive Research, Soon Chun Hyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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119
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Jung IS, Jang JY, Ryu CB, Hong SJ, Kim JO, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS, Jin SY, Shim CS, Kim BS. Angiolipoma of the duodenum diagnosed after endoscopic resection. Endoscopy 2004; 36:375. [PMID: 15057700 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I S Jung
- Institute for Digestive Research, Soon Chun Hyang University, College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
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120
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Jung IS, Shim CS, Cheon YK, Bhandari S, Cha SW, Moon JH, Cho YD, Kim JH, Kim YS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas with simultaneous invasion of the stomach and duodenum. Endoscopy 2004; 36:186-9. [PMID: 14765321 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An 81-year-old woman was admitted with epigastric pain and weight loss. She had been diagnosed with an intraductal papillary mucosal tumor (IPMT) 7 years previously, but had refused surgery for religious reasons. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a nodular, elevated lesion that was discharging mucin into the duodenal bulb and posterior wall of the upper body of the stomach. Endoscopic ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were carried out, and a highly invasive IPMT with simultaneous invasion of the stomach and duodenum was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Jung
- Institute for Digestive Research, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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121
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Chang SH, Kim J, Lee KY, Kim HJ, Chung YJ, Park CU, Kim BS, Jang YS. Modification of the Inhibitory Amino Acid for Epitope Peptide Binding onto Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules Enhances Immunogenicity of the Antigen. Scand J Immunol 2004; 59:123-32. [PMID: 14871288 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the arginine at hen egg-white lysozyme 61 (HEL 61) was characterized as inhibiting T-lymphocyte stimulation due to the inefficient binding of the arginine-containing epitope peptide to the corresponding major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we produced recombinant HEL, with arginine or alanine at HEL 61, and compared its ability to induce immune responses in mice to see whether modification of an inhibitory amino acid could enhance the immunogenicity of an inefficient antigen. Immunization of the mice with modified HEL induced strong antibody and T-cell immune responses against the native antigen. The enhanced T-cell immune response was due to a more specific elevation of the T-cell responses to the HEL 46-61 epitope region than to other epitope regions, although recognition of the other epitope peptides of HEL was generally increased. Mass spectrometric analyses of the epitope peptides generated by splenic antigen-presenting cells indicated that production of the epitope peptides encompassing HEL 46-61 was efficient using the modified antigen. These results suggest that modification of the critical amino acid residue(s) involved in hampering induction of an efficient immune response is an effective method to improve the immunogenicity of an inefficient antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Chang
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea
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122
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Cho BL, Kim YS, Choi YS, Hong MH, Seo HG, Lee SY, Shin HC, Kim CH, Moon YS, Cha HS, Kim BS. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfuntion in primary care: results of a Korean study. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15:323-8. [PMID: 14562132 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the prevalence and associated factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in primary care, a cross-sectional study was undertaken by questionnaire distributed to consecutive adult male attendees at 32 family practices. ED was assessed by the Korean five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). In total, 3501 completed questionnaires were available for analysis. The prevalence of ED was severe (IIEF-5 score: 5-9) in 1.6% of cases, moderate (10-13) in 10.2%, mild (14-17) in 24.7%, and normal (18-25) in 63.4%. The prevalence of ED increased with age, lower educational status, heavy job-related physical activity, and lower income. ED prevalence was significantly higher in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, depression, and anxiety. These results suggest that the age-adjusted prevalence of ED among Korean men can be estimated as 32.2% (95% CI 30.6-33.7). Low socioeconomic status and several diseases such as diabetes, anxiety, and depression, as well as age, were associated with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Cho
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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123
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Lee CS, Han JH, Kim BS, Lee SM, Hwang JS, Kang SW, Lee BH, Kim HR. Wax moth, Galleria mellonella, high density lipophorin receptor: alternative splicing, tissue-specific expression, and developmental regulation. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 33:761-771. [PMID: 12878223 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(03)00066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A lipophorin (Lp) receptor cDNA from the fat body of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) was cloned and sequenced. This is the first result in this order, Lepidoptera. It showed the pattern of the VLDL receptor belonging to the LDL receptor family. Sequence homology with other Lp receptors in insects, Locusta migratoria and Aedes aegypti, was 70 and 61%, respectively and each domain was highly conserved. Polyclonal anti-Lp receptor antibody prepared against expressed Lp receptor fragment between ligand binding domain and EGF-precursor homology domain (R305-D549 of amino acid residues) specifically detected the Lp receptor. Through immuno-blotting, the Lp receptor of larval fat body has an approximate molecular mass of about 97 and 110 kDa under non-reducing and reducing conditions, respectively. This result was in agreement with that of the ligand-blotting. The variant Lp receptors were expressed in the fat body of G. mellonella; one is an Lp receptor which lacks 84 bp of O-linked sugar domain and the other is a full length form of the Lp receptor. Both forms were detected by the polyclonal anti-Lp receptor antibody. The Lp receptor from the fat body of G. mellonella was differently expressed depending on the tissue and the developmental stage with specific abundance in prepupal stage. A steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) plays a crucial role in insect development. With regards to this conception, day 1-2 last instar larvae were treated with 20-HE and drastic induction of the Lp receptor was observed 48 h after treatment. It was also observed that cholesterol caused an induction of the Lp receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lee
- Korea University, Laboratory of Animal Macromolecules, Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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124
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Kim BS, Lee SK, terBrugge KG. Endovascular treatment of congenital arteriovenous fistulae of the internal maxillary artery. Neuroradiology 2003; 45:445-50. [PMID: 12783143 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-003-0967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2002] [Accepted: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) of the internal maxillary artery (IMA) are rare. We present the angiographic findings and management of six AVF of the IMA, selected from 147 patients with facial vascular malformations. The fistula was thought to be congenital in all six in view of a life-long history, with no recorded trauma. Our analysis included angioarchitecture, treatment modality, embolic material, treatment results and follow-up. All patients had angiography showing an AVF originating from the IMA and draining to the jugular vein. Five patients underwent endovascular treatment with detachable balloons; a combination of Guglielmi detachable coils and N-acetyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was used in one child. We successfully closed the AVF in all cases, without procedure-related complications, except for delayed transient facial numbness in one patient. No recurrence was observed on follow-up of 5 months to 7 years (mean 44 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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125
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Baek BK, Islam MK, Kim BS, Lim CW, Hur J, Oluoch AO, Kim CH, Kakoma I. Characterization of the protective response against a homologous challenge infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in rats. Vet Parasitol 2003; 113:217-27. [PMID: 12719136 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The protective response in rats against a homologous challenge infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis was characterized. In an initial infection with 1000 filariform larvae and migrating larvae (L(3)) of S. venezuelensis, the population of L(3) in the lungs on day 3 postinfection (PI), and that of adult worms in the small intestine on day 7 PI, were 180.8+/-14.5 and 336.8+/-70.7, respectively. The latter were gradually expelled towards day 42 PI. After the initial infection, the rats developed strong immunity against a homologous challenge infection as manifested by a marked reduction in worm populations, stunted body length and width, damage to reproductive organs, impaired egg production and rapid expulsion of the worms by day 14 after challenge. Expulsion of the worms was preceded by a significantly elevated (P<0.05) peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) count, both in the initial (200.0+/-26.5 x 10(3)ml) and the challenge infection (400.9+/-165.4 x 10(3)ml). These findings suggest that rats acquire strong homologous immunity following initial exposure to S. venezuelensis. It is suggested that PBEs are involved in worm expulsion. A major target of these effector mechanisms is the reproductive system of S. venezuelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 561-756, Chonju, South Korea
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126
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Yoon S, Yoo HJ, Shim NR, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Jun EJ, Son YK, Lee SY, Yoo YH. Immunohistochemical characterization of macrophage and dendritic cell subpopulations of the spleen, thymus, tongue and heart in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat. Anat Histol Embryol 2003; 32:80-8. [PMID: 12797528 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the immunohistochemical characterization of different subpopulations of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) of the spleen, thymus, tongue and heart in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed rat. After CY treatment, remarkably, ED1+, ED2+ and ED3+ macrophage subpopulations, in general exhibited signs of cellular activation such as an increase in number and size of cell, and an upregulation of the ED1, ED2 and ED3 reactive surface molecule expression in all the organs studied, except for some macrophage subpopulations including ED1+ macrophages in the non-lymphoid tissues. Subpopulations of DCs showed a differential sensitivity to CY. Lymphoid DCs were more sensitive to CY than non-lymphoid interstitial DCs. CY induced a conspicuous upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the vascular endothelial cells, splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex. In this study, we demonstrated the in vivo effects of CY treatment on subpopulations of macrophages and DCs as well as on ICAM-1 expression in the rat spleen, thymus, tongue and heart. Moreover, our results shed more light on the activation effects of CY on certain subpopulations of macrophages, on the differential sensitivity of DCs to CY between the immature and mature ones, on the functional role of different subpopulations of macrophages, and on the significance of upregulated ICAM-1 expression in the splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex after CY treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
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127
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Shin JY, Lee SK, Kang CD, Chung JS, Lee EY, Seo SY, Lee SY, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Yoon S. Antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of dendritic cell combination with vincristine chemotherapy in a murine fibrosarcoma model. Histol Histopathol 2003; 18:435-47. [PMID: 12647794 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new antitumor therapeutic strategy utilizing the combined effect of chemotherapy and DC (dendritic cell)-based immunotherapy was designed, and the effect of intratumoral injections of unpulsed, immature DCs was evaluated after in vivo pretreatment of vincristine on tumor growth in a murine fibrosarcoma tumor model. Vincristine exerted a much more potent apoptosis/necrosis-inducing effect on MCA-102 tumor cells than on DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CD11c, CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs were not downregulated after treatment with vincristine either in vitro or in vivo. The growth of tumor significantly regressed in the group which received the combined vincristine chemotherapy with intratumoral administration of DCs in contrast to the untreated group, the group treated with DCs alone, and the group treated with vincristine alone. In particular, an upregulated expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs was found in the combination treatment group. Furthermore, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the staining intensity of their CD4 and CD8 surface molecules also increased after the combination treatment. Therefore, our results indicate the feasibility of this combination therapy with vincristine chemotherapy and DC-based immunotherapy as an efficient antitumor strategy for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Seo-Gu, Pusan, South Korea
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128
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Hah JS, Ryu JW, Lee W, Kim BS, Lachaal M, Spangler RA, Jung CY. Transient changes in four GLUT4 compartments in rat adipocytes during the transition, insulin-stimulated to basal: implications for the GLUT4 trafficking pathway. Biochemistry 2002; 41:14364-71. [PMID: 12450403 DOI: 10.1021/bi026474n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In rat adipocytes, insulin-induced GLUT4 recruitment to the plasma membrane (PM) is associated with characteristic changes in the GLUT4 contents of three distinct endosomal fractions, T, H, and L. The organelle-specific marker distribution pattern suggests that these endosomal GLUT4 compartments are sorting endosomes (SR), GLUT4-storage endosomes (ST), and GLUT4 exocytotic vesicules (EV), respectively, prompting us to analyze GLUT4 recycling based upon a four-compartment kinetic model. Our analysis revealed that insulin modulates GLUT4 trafficking at multiple steps, including not only the endocytotic and exocytotic rates, but also the two rate coefficients coupling the three intracellular compartments. This analysis assumes that GLUT4 cycles through PM T, H,L, and back to PM, in that order, with transitions characterized by four first-order coefficients. Values assigned to these coefficients are based upon the four steady-state GLUT4 pool sizes assessed under both basal and insulin stimulated states and the transition time courses observed in the plasma membrane GLUT4 pool. Here we present the first reported experimental measurements of transient changes in each of the four GLUT4 compartments during the insulin-stimulated to basal transition in rat adipocytes and compare these experimental results with the corresponding model simulations. The close correlation of these results offers clear support for the general validity of the assumed model structure and the assignment of the T compartment to the sorting endosome GLUT4 pool. Variations in the recycling pathway from that of an unbranched cyclic topography are also considered in the light of these experimental observations. The possibility that H is a coupled GLUT4 storage compartment lying outside the direct cyclic pathway is contraindicated by the data. Okadaic acid-induced GLUT4 recruitment is accompanied by modulation of the rate coefficients linking individual endosomal GLUT4 compartments, further demonstrating a significant role of the endosomal pathways in GLUT4 exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and VA Medical Center, Medical Research Service, Buffalo, New York 14215, USA
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Kim TW, Kang YK, Ahn JH, Chang HM, Yook JH, Oh ST, Kim BS, Lee JS. Phase II study of capecitabine plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:1893-8. [PMID: 12453857 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with capecitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable gastric adenocarcinoma received oral capecitabine 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1-14, and i.v. cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 patients were assessable for efficacy and 40 were assessable for toxicity. One patient achieved a complete response and 22 patients had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 54.8% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 39.8% to 69.8%). The median time to progression was 6.3 months and the median overall survival was 10.1 months. The principal adverse events were neutropenia and hand-foot syndrome. Grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (32.5% of patients), thrombocytopenia (10%), stomatitis (2.5%) and diarrhea (5%). Grade 2 and 3 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 20% and 7.5% of patients, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS The combination of capecitabine and cisplatin is active and well tolerated in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kim
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of General Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BS, Ha HK, Lee IJ, Kim JH, Eun HW, Bae IY, Kim AY, Kim TK, Kim MH, Lee SK, Kang W. Accuracy of CT in local staging of gallbladder carcinoma. Acta Radiol 2002; 43:71-6. [PMID: 11972466 DOI: 10.1080/028418502127347475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of CT for staging gallbladder cancers, especially the T-factor of the TNM staging system. MATERIAL AND METHODS CT investigations of 100 patients with surgically proven gallbladder cancers were retrospectively analyzed. Dynamic helical CT was performed in 16 patients and conventional CT in the remaining 84. On CT, three radiologists attempted tumor staging for these patients; the majority opinion was used for final decision. According to CT protocols (dynamic helical CT vs. conventional CT) and each tumor type (thickened wall/intraluminal mass/massive), the accuracy of CT staging was compared. The CT staging was correlated with the surgico-pathologic results. RESULTS The overall accuracy of CT for staging gallbladder cancers was 71%; it was 79% for T1 and T2 tumors, 46% for T3 tumors, and 73% for T4 tumors. For all three readers, the poorest accuracy was obtained in T3 tumors. No statistically significant difference was noted in the accuracy between the groups undergoing conventional CT and dynamic helical CT. A statistically significant difference was noted in the accuracy for staging thickened wall and intraluminal mass types of tumors (p<0.05); the highest accuracy was obtained in the intraluminal mass type (89%) and the massive type (83%), while it was 54% in the thickened wall type. CONCLUSION The accuracy of tumor staging with CT in patients with gallbladder cancer depends on the morphological type of tumor. The poorest result is obtained in the thickened wall type.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-ku, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Kim JS, Lee KS, Lee KH, Kim YI, Kim BS, Chung YA, Chung SK. Evidence of thalamic disinhibition in patients with hemichorea: semiquantitative analysis using SPECT. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:329-33. [PMID: 11861689 PMCID: PMC1737786 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hemichorea sometimes occurs after lesions that selectively involve the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. Some reports have hypothesised that the loss of subthalamic nucleus control on the internal segment of the globus pallidus, followed by the disinhibition of the thalamus may contribute to chorea. However, the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Therefore, clinicoradiological localisation was evaluated and a comparison of the haemodynamic status of the basal ganglia and thalamus was made. METHODS Six patients presenting with acute onset of hemichorea were assessed. Neuroimaging studies, including MRI and SPECT examinations in addition to detailed biochemical tests, were performed. A semiquantitative analysis was performed by comparing the ratio of blood flow between patients and normal controls. In addition, the ratio of perfusion asymmetry was calculated as the ratio between each area contralateral to the chorea and that homolateral to the chorea. The comparison was made with a two sample t test. RESULTS The causes of hemichorea found consisted of four cases of acute stroke, one non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, and one systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain MRI indicated lesion sites in the contralateral putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus. A significant decrease in the ratio of blood flow in the basal ganglia contralateral to the chorea and a significant increase in the thalamus was found when comparing the perfusion asymmetries, which were calculated as the ratio of cerebral blood flow (CBF) for each region to that in the homolateral occipital area (p<0.05). CONCLUSION An alteration in CBF in both the contralateral thalamus and basal ganglia reflect the loss of pallidal inhibitory input from the pallidum to the thalamus. This change in CBF may be one of epiphenomena, which implicates an occurrence of hemichorea in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Oh SY, Kim BS, Choue R. Appetite sensations and eating behaviors to complete fasting in obese and non-obese individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56:86-9. [PMID: 11840185 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2001] [Revised: 05/30/2001] [Accepted: 06/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the response of appetite sensations and eating behaviors to fasting in obese and non-obese individuals. DESIGN Prospective study on inpatients enrolled in weight loss program including fasting at the obesity clinic, an oriental medical center in Seoul, Korea. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS For seven obese (body mass index BMI> or =30) and 11 non-obese (BMI<30) patients, the modified visual analog scale (VAS) was administered three times per day throughout 9 days of complete fasting. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TEEQ) was administered before and 18 days after the complete fasting period. RESULTS After treatment, average weight losses were 7.4 kg (3.0 BMI) for the obese group and 6.7 kg (2.6 BMI) for the non-obese. TFEQ scales did not differ by weight status at both before and after treatments. Eighteen days after the fasting, an increase of restraint of eating was found only for the non-obese. There was a decrease of disinhibition of eating regardless of weight status. During fasting, desire to eat, hunger and prospective consumption decreased for the non-obese, while these appetite sensations tended to increase slightly for the obese. CONCLUSIONS BMI, independent of dieting status, appeared to be related to appetite sensations except for satiety during fasting, but not before and 18 days after fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim BS, Fujita H, Sakai Y, Sakoda A, Suzuki M. Catalytic ozonation of an organophosphorus pesticide using microporous silicate and its effect on total toxicity reduction. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:35-41. [PMID: 12361032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is promising as one of the advanced oxidation processes because of its effective use of ozone and its improved treatability of organic compounds through radical reactions. In this article, we investigated the feasibility of microporous silicates as a potential catalyst for a catalytic ozonation process. Organophosphorus insecticide, dichlorvos (DDVP), was employed as a model chemical for assessing conventional ozonation and catalytic ozonation, because its oxidative intermediate is toxic and is not degraded by direct ozonation. It was found that ozone was well adsorbed and simultaneously decomposed in microporous silicates, resulting in the production of possible radical species. In the presence of microporous silicates, radical reactions by decomposed ozone were evidenced by phosphate ion release that shows a degradation of a toxic intermediate of DDVP. Accordingly, cytotoxicity was successfully decreased. In a continuous treatment process combining a conventional ozonation vessel and a microporous silicate column for an effective use of residual ozone, enhanced degradation of DDVP was demonstrated by a decrease of DOC, an increase of the PO4(3-) concentration and reduction in the cytotoxicity. This new treatment mechanism is likely to be promising as an advanced water treatment process particularly when we think about better toxicity reduction of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Szefe P, Frelek K, Szefer K, Lee CB, Kim BS, Warzocha J, Zdrojewska I, Ciesielski T. Distribution and relationships of trace metals in soft tissue, byssus and shells of Mytilus edulis trossulus from the southern Baltic. Environ Pollut 2002; 120:423-444. [PMID: 12395857 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Ag, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe in soft tissues, shells and byssus of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from 23 sites along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea were determined by AAS method. Byssus, as compared with the soft tissue, concentrated more effectively Pb, Cu, Cr, and especially Ag, Ni, Mn and Fe, moderately Hg and Zn and less effectively Cd. Significant inter-regional and inter-size differences in metal concentrations in both soft tissues and byssus were recorded. Highly significant correlations (P<0.01, P<0.05) were observed between tissue and byssal concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Ag. Factor analysis showed clear separation of both the tissue and byssi samples based on their geographic distribution, possibly reflecting a different rate of deposition of clay minerals at the head of the Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdańsk. The Pomeranian Bay differs from the Gulf of Gdańsk in respect to geological structure of bottom sediments as a substrata for the M. edulis trossulus as well as in relation to various sources of metallic pollutants. From the data obtained in the present study and those reported previously the soft tissue and especially byssus of M. edulis, in contrast to shells, appear to be a significantly better bioindicator for identification of coastal areas exposed to metallic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szefe
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Steinmetz MP, Barnett GH, Kim BS, Chidel MA, Suh JH. Metastatic seeding of the stereotactic biopsy tract in glioblastoma multiforme: case report and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 2001; 55:167-71. [PMID: 11859971 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013873431159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE The first case was recently reported of tumor seeding by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) after stereotactic biopsy. This occurred despite radiosurgical treatment of the lesion post-biopsy. We report the first case of metastatic seeding along the needle biopsy tract of a GBM in which the tract was within the treatment field of subsequent fractionated radiation therapy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 56-year-old man presented with left-sided focal motor seizures. An MRI showed an enhancing right cingulate gyrus lesion. INTERVENTION A stereotactic biopsy of the lesion disclosed GBM. Radiation therapy was begun 25 days after biopsy and was completed 39 days thereafter. The biopsy tract received a minimum of 60 Gy. Subsequent magnetic resonance scanning showed the lesion to have doubled in size and evidence of enhancement along the biopsy tract. At surgery, specimens obtained from the biopsy tract, as determined using surgical navigation, revealed GBM. CONCLUSION Seeding of the biopsy tract, radioresistance and the time interval until radiotherapy are the most likely explanations for tumor growth along the biopsy tract in this case. Consideration should be given for an early start to radiotherapy among those who undergo stereotactic biopsy for GBM. Further research will allow one to determine the radiosensitivity of these tumors and determine which patients may benefit from a radiosurgical or fractionated radiotherapy boost to the biopsy tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Steinmetz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, The Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA
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Seo JH, Park SH, Bak CW, Choi CW, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS, Mok YJ, Kim JS, Han SA, Yoon JI. Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood CEA mRNA Expression in Gastric Cancer Patients Underwent Curative Resection. Cancer Res Treat 2001; 33:483-8. [PMID: 26680827 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.6.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in molecular technology have made it possible to detect small numbers of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal antigen that is expressed in epithelial tumor cells. CEA mRNA may be a reliable marker for the detection of tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with epithelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the peripheral blood of 46 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone curative resection. The presence of CEA mRNA was serially monitored using RT-PCR (Preop, Post op 15 day, 2 months (m), 4 m, 6 m, 8 m, 10 m, 12 m). The clinical characteristics, serum CEA level and immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue were also evaluated. Patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months. RESULTS There was no significant relationship seen between CEA mRNA RT-PCR positivity in the peripheral blood and sex, stage, serum CEA level or immunohistochemical staining for CEA antigen, During follow up,eight patients experienced recurrence; were positve for CEA mRNA RT-PCR recurrence was seen in 66.7% (6/9) of the patients who before clinical recurrence as compared to 5.4% (2/37) of patients who were negative (p=0.0002). Serial changes of CEA mRNA RT-PCR correlated with clinical recurrence; 100% in the positively converted group (3/3), 0% in the negatively converted group(0/18), 50% in all positive group (3/6) and 10.5% in all negative group (2/19) experienced recurrence, respectively. CONCLUSION RT-PCR analysis of CEA mRNA in the peripheral blood seems to be a promising tool for the early detection of micrometastatic circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer patients and may be useful in determining patients at high risk for recurrence. However, definitive correlation with recurrence certainly requires a longer follow up duration in further studies.
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Kim BS, Yang PH, Atkinson DR, Wolfe MM, Hong S. Cultural value similarities and differences among Asian American ethnic groups. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2001; 7:343-61. [PMID: 11759271 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.7.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using data on 570 Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Japanese American college students from 3 previous studies (1 published [B. S. K. Kim, D. R. Atkinson, & P. H. Yang, 1999] and 2 unpublished [B. S. K. Kim, 1999; E. C. Wong, B. S. K. Kim, N. W. S. Zane, I. J. Kim, & J. S. Huang, 1999]), the authors subjected 22 items constituting 6 value dimensions of the Asian Values Scale (AVS; B. S. K. Kim et al., 1999) to the following structural equation modeling procedures: confirmatory factor analysis, factorial invariance analysis, and structured means analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a hierarchical factor model when this model was compared with 2 competing models. The results of factorial invariance analysis indicated that the meanings of the factors within the hierarchical model were conceived similarly among the 4 Asian American ethnic groups. On the basis of these results, a structured means analysis was conducted, revealing similarities and differences between the ethnic groups' adherence to 6 cultural value dimensions. Implications regarding psychological services for these Asian Americans are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4411, USA.
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Rhim H, Kang HK, Kim YS, Kim Y, Koh BH, Cho OK, Hahm CK, Kim BS. Per-rectal contrast material for abdominal CT: usefulness of administration with an automatic injector. Abdom Imaging 2001; 26:591-3. [PMID: 11907722 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-001-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adequate distention of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for the best quality image in abdominal computed tomography. We introduce a new technique for per-rectal administration of contrast material with the use of an automatic injector. With this technique, more contrast material can be inserted and thus adequately distend the colon, including the proximal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rhim
- Department of Diagnositic Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or its mRNA expression are increased in acute renal failure of various types including ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, provides a protective effect against ischemic acute renal failure in rabbits. Renal ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral renal arteries for 60 min. Animals were pretreated with PTX (30 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before release of clamp. At 24 h of reperfusion of blood after ischemia, changes in renal function, renal blood flow, and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA were evaluated. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a marked reduction in GFR, which was accompanied by an increase of serum creatinine levels. Such changes were significantly attenuated by PTX pretreatment. PTX ameliorated the impairment of renal tubular function, but it had no effect on the reduction of renal blood flow induced by ischemia/reperfusion. The protective effect of PTX on functional changes was supported by morphological studies. The impairment of glucose and phosphate reabsorption in postischemic kidneys was associated with a depression in the expression of Na+-glucose and Na+-Pi transporters. The expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was increased after reperfusion, which was inhibited by PTX pretreatment. The PTX pretreatment in vitro prevented the release of lactate dehydrogenase induced by an oxidant t-butylhydroperoxide in rabbit renal cortical slices, but it did not produce any effect on the oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation, suggesting that PTX protection is not resulted from its antioxidant action. These results suggest that PTX may exert a protective effect against ischemic acute renal failure by inhibiting the production of TNF-alpha in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea.
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Kim BS, Savinova OV, Reedy MV, Martin J, Lun Y, Gan L, Smith RS, Tomarev SI, John SW, Johnson RL. Targeted Disruption of the Myocilin Gene (Myoc) Suggests that Human Glaucoma-Causing Mutations Are Gain of Function. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7707-13. [PMID: 11604506 PMCID: PMC99941 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7707-7713.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous eye disease and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Recently, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)-associated mutations have been found in the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene (TIGR), also known as the myocilin gene (MYOC), at the GLC1A locus on chromosome 1q21-q31. These mutations occurred in a subset of patients with juvenile- and adult-onset POAG and exhibited autosomal dominant inheritance. Ocular expression and its involvement in POAG suggest that TIGR/MYOC may have a role(s) in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). Here, we report the generation and analysis of mice heterozygous and homozygous for a targeted null mutation in Myoc. Our study shows that Myoc mutant mice are both viable and fertile. Our in vivo findings further demonstrate that Myoc is not required for normal IOP or normal ocular morphology. The lack of a discernable phenotype in both Myoc-heterozygous and Myoc-null mice suggests that haploinsufficiency is not a critical mechanism for POAG in individuals with mutations in MYOC. Instead, disease-causing mutations in humans likely act by gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection is maintained in mouse colonies by fecal-oral spread (with no apparent role for persistent central nervous system infection) from an acutely infected animal to another. Therefore, serological methods offer the principal way to assess infection in mice and related rodent populations. Infection of mouse colonies with TMEV appears to be worldwide, yet no systematic serologic studies have been reported. In this study, enzyme-linked immunoassay and neutralization analysis of sera from feral Mus musculus obtained from four locations in the United States and one in Russia revealed antibodies to purified TMEV and two linear viral peptide epitopes in more than 50% of the sera derived from the five different locations. A similar analysis of sera from 26 species of related rodents trapped at multiple locations in North America and Europe indicated the presence of anti-TMEV antibodies only in a small proportion of water and bank voles that belong to a different subfamily. These results indicate that Mus musculus is the natural host of TMEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lipton
- Division of Neurology, Evanston Hospital, 2650 Ridge Avenue, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Lee YS, Yoon SK, Chung ES, Bae SH, Choi JY, Han JY, Chung KW, Sun HS, Kim BS, Kim BK. The relationship of histologic activity to serum ALT, HCV genotype and HCV RNA titers in chronic hepatitis C. J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16:585-91. [PMID: 11641527 PMCID: PMC3057604 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether serum ALT levels or virological characteristics of hepatitis C virus(HCV) including HCV genotypes and HCV RNA titers, can reflect the degree of histological injury in chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the levels of histological damage and serum ALT levels, HCV genotypes or circulating HCV RNA titers in chronic hepatitis C. A total of 56 patients underwent liver biopsy and the histological activity index (HAI) was evaluated by Knodell's scoring system. HCV genotype by RT-nested PCR and HCV RNA quantitation by competitive RT-PCR were performed. Thirty-four patients were infected with HCV genotype 1b, 20 patients with genotype 2a, and 2 patients with undetermined type. Serum ALT levels were not positively correlated with total HAI score or HCV RNA titers, but showed a linear correlation with scores of piecemeal necrosis (r=0.32, p<0.05) and portal inflammation (r=0.27, p<0.05). HCV genotype had no significant correlation with RNA titers, HAI score or with serum ALT levels. Also, no statistical relationship was seen between HCV RNA titer and HAI score. These results suggest that liver histology is essential to evaluate the severity of chronic hepatitis C precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon S, Bae KL, Shin JY, Yoo HJ, Lee HW, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Lee HD. Analysis of the in vivo dendritic cell response to the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B in the mouse spleen. Histol Histopathol 2001; 16:1149-59. [PMID: 11642735 DOI: 10.14670/hh-16.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the in vivo effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) on dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen, a single dose of SEB (50 microg/kg) was administered to BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. Afterwards, the mice were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 24 hr, 2, 4, 7 and 15 days, and the spleens were removed. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cells was carried out using various monoclonal antibodies in cryostat-cut sections. The distribution patterns of DCs and their major costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86 and CD40 in the spleen were identified, and the evidence for maturation of DCs in vivo in response to SEB was obtained. It was found that systemic administration of SEB induced the migration of most of the immature, splenic DCs from the marginal zone to the periarterial lymphatic sheath within 6 hr. This movement paralleled a maturation process, as assessed by upregulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression in the interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs). The upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression was conspicuous only in DCs in contrast to other antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and B cells which did not show any significant alterations in their costimulatory molecule expression. We also demonstrated the temporal expression pattern of these costimulatory molecules on the activated DCs. The upregulation of costimulatory molecules on DCs reached a peak level 6 hr after SEB injection, while the increase in number of T cells expressing T cell receptor V138 reached a peak level on day 2 after SEB treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated the in vivo DC response to SEB in the mouse spleen, especially a potent stimulative effect of SEB on DCs in vivo, a temporal distribution pattern of DCs as well as T cells including TCR Vbeta8+ T cells, and a differential expression pattern of costimulatory molecules on the activated DCs. The results of the present study indicate that DCs are the principal type of APCs which mediate T cell activation by SAg in vivo, and that each costimulatory molecule may have different role in the activation of DCs by SAg. Thus, it is plausible to speculate that DCs play a critical role in the T cell clonal expansion by SAgs and other SAg-induced immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
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Joh YH, Kim TY, Na II, Oh DY, Kim BS, Kim JH, Kim DY, Lee SH, Yoo CG, Lee CT, Kim YW, Heo DS, Bang YJ, Han SK, Shim YS, Kim NK. Phase II Trial of Vinorelbine and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2001; 33:373-6. [PMID: 26680810 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Platinum-based chemotherapy has conferred a modest but significant survival benefit and the introduction of newer drugs has led to achieve higher response rate in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed a phase II trial in order to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy with vinorelbine (Navelbine) and cisplatin in advanced NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with measurable lesion (s) were eligible for entry into the study. NP chemotherapy consisted of intravenous vinorelbine 25 mg/m2, on day 1 and 8, and intravenous cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1; this cycle was repeated every three weeks. RESULTS A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study between July 1999 and Feb 2000. Of the 30 patients deemed eligible for analysis, thirteen patients achieved a partial response and thirteen showed a stable disease. The overall response rate was 43.3%. The median duration of response was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.8~8.5 months). The median time to progression was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.7 months) and the overall median survival time was 15.1 months (95% CI: 9.8~20.4 months) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Chemotherapy-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities were anemia in 1.5%, leukopenia in 4.5%, nausea/vomiting in 2.3%, alopecia in 13.3%, and neurotoxicity in 3.3%. CONCLUSION The combination of vinorelbine and cisplatin chemotherapy seems to be active and fairly tolerable in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Yang CW, Kim BS, Kim J, Ahn HJ, Park JH, Jin DC, Kim YS, Bang BK. Preconditioning with sodium arsenite inhibits apoptotic cell death in rat kidney with ischemia/reperfusion or cyclosporine-induced Injuries. The possible role of heat-shock protein 70 as a mediator of ischemic tolerance. Exp Nephrol 2001; 9:284-94. [PMID: 11423728 DOI: 10.1159/000052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of heat-shock protein (HSP)70 induction with sodium arsenite (SA) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced injuries in rat kidney. Rats were classified into five groups (sham, I/R, SA+I/R, I/R+CsA and SA+I/R+CsA groups) according to both the status of SA pretreatment and treatment with CsA. SA (6 mg/kg, i.v.) pretreatment was accomplished 12 h before I/R injury, and CsA (20 mg/kg, s.c.) was given subsequent to I/R injury. The effect of SA pretreatment on I/R injury was evaluated using measurements of renal function, the histopathology score, and assays for apoptosis (DNA fragmentation analysis, TUNEL staining, mRNA expressions of the pro-apoptotic genes and caspase activities). In addition, mitochondrial morphology was examined by electron microscopy. Induction of HSP70 with SA improved both renal function and the histopathology score as compared to the group without HSP70 induction. The assays for apoptosis revealed that SA pretreatment decreased the DNA laddering pattern, TUNEL-positive cells, mRNAs expression of pro-apoptotic genes and caspase activities as compared with the group without SA pretreatment. In addition, the mitochondrial morphology was well preserved in the groups with SA pretreatment. In conclusion, SA pretreatment prevents subsequent I/R or CsA-induced injuries in the rat kidney, and this renoprotective effect appears to be mediated by induction of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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146
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Choi CW, Kim BS, Seo JH, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS. Long-term engraftment stability of peripheral blood stem cells cryopreserved using the dump-freezing method in a -80 degrees C mechanical freezer with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Int J Hematol 2001; 73:245-50. [PMID: 11372739 DOI: 10.1007/bf02981945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we summarize our long-term follow-up data of 24 patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) using the dump-freezing method in a -80 degrees C freezer. Collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells were mixed with a cryoprotectant solution consisting of autologous plasma and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide, then placed in a -80 degrees C freezer. The recovery rate of mononuclear cells (MNCs), colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies, and CD34+ cells were calculated. Engraftment time (with neutrophil count > 0.5 x 10(9)/L, platelet count > 50 x 10(9)/L) and normal hemopoiesis (neutrophil count > 2 x 10(9)/L, platelet count > 100 x 10(9)/L) were evaluated. Median duration of cryopreservation was 76 days. The mean recovery rates of MNCs, CFU-GM colonies, and CD34+ cells were 93.4%, 78.4%, and 95.3%, respectively. The median engraftment times of neutrophils and platelets were 8 and 27 days, respectively. The median normal hemopoiesis times of neutrophil and platelet were 31 and 45 days, respectively. Nine patients are alive and in complete remission (CR). Seven patients in first CR sustained normal hemopoiesis with a median duration of 35 months. Two patients, who achieved second CR after salvage chemotherapy due to a leukemia relapse after PBSCT, maintained engraftment status for 24 and 28 months, and 1 reached normal hemopoiesis. These results demonstrate that PBSCT using the dump-freezing method in a -80 degrees C freezer leads to acceptable long-term engraftment stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul
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147
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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148
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Yonemura Y, Endou Y, Fujimura T, Fushida S, Bandou E, Kinoshita K, Sugiyama K, Sawa T, Kim BS, Sasaki T. Diagnostic value of preoperative RT-PCR-based screening method to detect carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity from patients with gastric cancer. ANZ J Surg 2001; 71:521-8. [PMID: 11527261 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.2001.02187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present the most reliable method for the diagnosis of peritoneal micrometastasis of gastric cancer is peritoneal wash cytology, but the sensitivity of this method is low. The aim of the present study was to verify whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of conventional cytology, and to determine how this technique can improve the accuracy of peritoneal recurrence. METHODS The present study included 230 patients with gastric cancer. Preoperative peritoneal wash was done by a paracentesis, followed by conventional cytology, CEA measurement, and CEA RT-PCR of recovered fluid. RESULTS The CEA RT-PCR assay yielded 40 (17%) positives, which included none of the 26 patients with benign disease. The incidence of positive cytology and CEA level in wash fluid was 19% and 15%, respectively. Logistic stepwise regression analysis revealed that lymph node status, depth of invasion, venous invasion, and the results of peritoneal cytological examination, and CEA RT-PCR assay were independently related to peritoneal recurrence. The CEA level in the wash fluid was not related to peritoneal recurrence. Peritoneal cytological examination was the most significant predictive factor for peritoneal recurrence with a sensitivity of 46%, specificity of 94% and accuracy of 73%, while the corresponding values of the CEA RT-PCR assay were 31%, 95%, and 73%. Combining cytological examination with CEA RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity rate for peritoneal recurrence of 57%, an 11% improvement over that of cytology alone. CONCLUSION The data indicate that the use of a combination of CEA RT-PCR and cytological assay is more likely to identify patients who will develop peritoneal recurrence. This may be useful for the classification of patients for the most suitable therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yonemura
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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149
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Abstract
A 37-year-old Korean woman was admitted at 31 weeks gestation with exertional dyspnea. Three years ago she was diagnosed as having Graves' disease. Thyrotoxicosis-induced dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by echocardiography. During management, a first attack of seizure occurred. Brain MRI and MRA showed occlusion of both internal carotid arteries, which confirmed the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease. Coexistence of dilated cardiomyopathy in thyrotoxicosis and Moyamoya disease is rare and the pathogenic correlation is discussed.
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150
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Hwang BK, Lim SW, Kim BS, Lee JY, Moon SS. Isolation and in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate from Streptomyces humidus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3739-45. [PMID: 11472958 PMCID: PMC93082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.8.3739-3745.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal substances SH-1 and SH-2 were isolated from Streptomyces humidus strain S5-55 cultures by various purification procedures and identified as phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate, respectively, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization mass spectral, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectral data. SH-1 and SH-2 completely inhibited the growth of Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae at concentrations from 10 to 50 microg/ml. The two compounds were as effective as the commercial fungicide metalaxyl in inhibiting spore germination and hyphal growth of P. capsici. However, the in vivo control efficacies of the two antifungal compounds against P. capsici infection on pepper plants were similar to those of H(3)PO(3) and fosetyl-AI but less than that of metalaxyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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