1
|
Chung JS, Jang SW, Jung PY, Kim MJ, Choi YU, Bae KS, Kim S. Indicative factors for surgical or angiographic intervention in hemodynamically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma: A retrospective cohort study. J Visc Surg 2023; 160:12-18. [PMID: 35459632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard of care for intraperitoneal injury in hemodynamically stable patients after blunt abdominal trauma has been replaced by non-operative management (NOM). However, selective NOM, depending on the situation, seems necessary in determining the treatment plan. In this study, we attempted to identify risk factors for surgical or angiographic intervention (SAI) in hemodynamically stable blunt abdominal trauma patients. METHODS This retrospective study which included adult patients who were brought to a regional trauma center was conducted from March 2015 to October 2019. We evaluated the characteristics of blunt abdominal trauma patients and analyzed factors that were related to the requirement of SAI in these patients. Patients were divided into SAI and conservative management (CM) groups. RESULTS We reviewed 1,176 patients, and after exclusions, of whom 248 blunt abdominal trauma and free fluid observed on CT were identified. The mean pulse rate was higher in the SAI than in the CM (P=0.025). Laboratory findings showed that lactate and delta neutrophil index (DNI) levels were higher in the SAI than in the CM (P=0.002 and 0.026 respectively). Additionally, the mean free fluid size in the SAI (85.69mm) was significantly larger than that in the CM (68.12mm; P=0.001), and blush was more frequently observed in the SAI (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, only blush was an independent prognostic factor for SAI (OR 11.7, 95% CI, 5.1-30.8, P<0.001). CONCLUSION In hemodynamically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma, blush but also high lactate and DNI are associated with the requirement of interventional radiology and/or surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - S W Jang
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - P Y Jung
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y U Choi
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - K S Bae
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carpenter CM, Zynda AJ, Stokes MA, Chung JS, Cullum CM, Miller SM. A-07 The Impact of Learning Disorders on Clinical Measures Following Concussion. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa036.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To examine differences in clinical measures between adolescents with dyslexia, ADD/ADHD, and those without a learning disorder (LD) following concussion.
Method
Data from the North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) were extracted. Participants ages 10–18 with a diagnosed concussion within 30 days of enrollment were included and categorized based on self-reported prior diagnosis of dyslexia, ADD/ADHD, and no history of LD. ImPACT, King-Devick (KD), SCAT-5 symptom log, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale were compared between groups using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey test for multiple comparisons.
Results
Of 993 eligible participants, 68 had dyslexia, 141 had ADD/ADHD, and 784 had no history of LD. There were significantly more male participants in the ADD/ADHD group compared to the no LD group (64.5% vs. 50.3%, p = 0.002). No other demographic differences were noted between groups. In the dyslexia group, SCAT-5 symptom score was higher (36.22 vs. 28.27, p = 0.037) and ImPACT visual motor control was lower compared to the no LD group (28.87 vs. 32.99, p = 0.027). In the ADD/ADHD group, ImPACT symptom score was higher (30.69 vs. 20.94, p < 0.001) and visual motor control was lower compared to the no LD group (30.05 vs. 32.99, p = 0.009). KD time (62.1 sec), PHQ-8 (5.79), and GAD-7 (5.06) were higher in the ADD/ADHD group compared to the no LD group (56.5 sec, 4.32, 3.56; p = 0.022, p = 0.003, p = 0.002).
Conclusions
Differences in clinical measures were seen in participants with a history of dyslexia and ADD/ADHD that may aid providers in their evaluation following adolescent concussion.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabatino MJ, Gans CV, Zynda AJ, Chung JS, Miller SM, Wilson PL, Jo CH, Ellis HB. An electronic patient-reported outcomes measurement system in paediatric orthopaedics. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:431-437. [PMID: 31489051 PMCID: PMC6701445 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability, review differences and assess patient satisfaction of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared with paper PROMs. METHODS Participants between 12 and 19 years of age with a knee-related primary complaint were randomized into two groups. Group 1 completed paper PROMs followed by electronic, while Group 2 received the electronic followed by paper. PROMs included the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS), Tegner Activity Level Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), PedsQL Teen and a satisfaction survey. RESULTS In all, 87 participants were enrolled with one excluded due to incomplete PROMs. Of the 86 participants, 54 were female and 32 were male with an average age of 14.3 years (12 to 18). A high degree of reliability was found when comparing the paper and electronic versions of the Pedi-IKDC (0.946; p < 0.001), HSS Pedi-FABS (0.923; p < 0.001), PedsQL Teen (0.894; p < 0.001), Tegner Activity Level Scale before injury (0.848; p < 0.001) and the Tegner Activity Level Scale after (0.930; p < 0.001). Differences were noted between the VAS scores, with paper scores being significantly higher than electronic (5.3 versus 4.6; p < 0.001). While not significant, a trend was noted in which electronic PROMs took, overall, less time than paper (10.0 mins versus 11.2 mins; p = 0.096).Of all participants, 69.8% preferred the electronic PROMs, 67.4% felt they were faster, 93.0% stated they would complete forms at home prior to appointments and 91.8% were not concerned about the safety/privacy of electronic forms. CONCLUSION PROMs captured electronically were reliable when compared with paper. Electronic PROMs may be quicker, will not require manual scoring and are preferred by patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Sabatino
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA,Correspondence should be sent to M. J. Sabatino, Scottish Rite for Children, Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA.
| | - C. V. Gans
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A. J. Zynda
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - J. S. Chung
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - S. M. Miller
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - P. L. Wilson
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - C. H. Jo
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - H. B. Ellis
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Awad M, Czer LSC, Esmailian F, Jordan S, De Robertis MA, Mirocha J, Patel J, Chang DH, Kittleson M, Ramzy D, Arabia F, Chung JS, Cohen JL, Trento A, Kobashigawa JA. Combined Heart and Kidney Transplantation: A 23-Year Experience. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:348-353. [PMID: 28219597 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report clinical experience with combined heart and kidney transplantation (HKTx) over a 23-year time period. METHODS From June 1992 to August 2015, we performed 83 combined HKTx procedures at our institution. We compared the more recent cohort of 53 HKTx recipients (group 2, March 2009 to August 2015) with the initial 30 previously reported HKTx recipients (group 1, June 1992 to February 2009). Pre-operative patient characteristics, peri-operative factors, and post-operative outcomes including survival were examined. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, except for a lower incidence of ethanol use and higher pre-operative left-ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, and cardiac index in group 2 when compared with group 1 (P = .007, .046, .037, respectively). The pump time was longer in group 2 compared with group 1 (153.30 ± 38.68 vs 129.60 ± 37.60 minutes; P = .007), whereas the graft ischemic time was not significantly different between the groups, with a trend to a longer graft ischemic time in group 2 versus group 1 (195.17 ± 45.06 vs 178.07 ± 52.77 minutes; P = .056, respectively). The lengths of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay were similar between the groups (P = .083 and .39, respectively). In addition, pre-operative and post-operative creatinine levels at peak, discharge, 1 year, and 5 years and the number of people on post-operative dialysis were similar between the groups (P = .37, .75, .54, .87, .56, and P = .139, respectively). Overall survival was not significantly different between groups 2 and 1 for the first 5 years after transplant, with a trend toward higher survival in group 2 (P = .054). CONCLUSIONS The most recent cohort of combined heart and kidney transplant recipients had similar ICU and hospital lengths of stay and post-operative creatinine levels at peak, discharge, and 1 and 5 years and a similar number of patients on post-operative dialysis when compared with the initial cohort. Overall survival was not significantly different between the later and earlier groups, with a trend toward higher overall survival at 5 years in the more recent cohort of patients. In selected patients with co-existing heart and kidney failure, combined heart and kidney transplantation is safe to perform and has excellent outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Awad
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - L S C Czer
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - F Esmailian
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - S Jordan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M A De Robertis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Mirocha
- Section of Biostatistics and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - D H Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Kittleson
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - D Ramzy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - F Arabia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J S Chung
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J L Cohen
- Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Trento
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J A Kobashigawa
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Multiorgan Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ro J, Park S, Kim SB, Kim TY, Im YH, Rha SY, Chung JS, Moon H, Santillana S. Abstract P1-14-04: Clinical Outcomes of Brain Metastasis by Lapatinib (L) and Capecitabine (C) in an Open-Label Expanded Access Study among Korean Patients with HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p1-14-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The L-Expanded Access Program (LEAP) was designed to provide access to L/C for HER2+ patients (pts) who previously received anthracycline, taxane, and trastuzumab. In earlier registration trial, CNS metastases occurred in fewer women receiving L/C therapy compared with C alone. Although L therapy has shown efficacy in brain metastasis (BM), it has not been well elucidated in relationship with the outcomes of systemic disease.
Patients and methods : Enrollment in LEAP lasted between Jan. 2007 and Apr. 2008 at 6 centers in Korea. Exploratory analysis on clinical outcomes of brain metastasis was performed.
Results: Total 187 pts enrolled in LEAP. The median treatment duration of all pts was 19.0 weeks (range, 1.4 — 146.9). The median progression free survival and overall survival (OS) of all pts were 20.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 18.6-24.0) and 60.0 (95% CI= 50.3-72.7) weeks, respectively. All patients received prior trastuzumab therapy, and 48.7% received prior capecitabine. Among 58 enrolled pts who had BM diagnosed before start L/C therapy, 55 pts were included for the analysis excluding 3 pts (1-consent withdrawal and 2-<3 weeks trial). Fifteen pts had single BM. Majority were HER2 IHC 3+ or FISH +, and 48% were both ER/PR-. Prior to EAP enrollment, 35 pts underwent whole brain radiation, 10 pts SRS or gamma knife, 3 pts local excision, 1 pt had leptomeningeal disease only receiving intrathecal therapy, and 6 pts did not receive local CNS therapy. Four pts underwent more than one modality of local CNS therapy. Of 50 pts evaluable for response, 9.1%, achieved or remained CR; 45.5% had some degree of shrinkage of BM; 14.5%, no change (SD) ≥6mo; 7.3%, SD <6mo; 14.5% developed PD or recurrence of BM. Median TTP of pts (n=53) with BM on L/C therapy was 30.7 weeks (95% CI=25.0-35.1) and median OS (n=55) was 53.1 weeks (95% CI= 42.3-78.0). From the multivariate analysis, TTP of BM was significantly associated with response of BM (HR, 20.3, 95% CI=7.3-56.0, P<0.001). OS of pts with BM was significantly longer with tumors of ER or PR+ status (HR, 3.10, 95% CI=1.55-6.19, p=0.0014), and who responded in systemic disease and brain (HR, 4.5, 95% CI= 2.2-9.2, P<0.0001). Of remaining 129 pts, 8 pts (6.2%) developed new BM on EAP.
Conclusion: Overall survival of patients with brain metastasis who received lapatinib plus capecitabine was prolonged specifically in responders of both brain and extracranial disease. Patients with hormone receptor positive tumors had longer survival compared with those of hormone receptor negative disease.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-14-04.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ro
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - S Park
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - S-B Kim
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - T-Y Kim
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - Y-H Im
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - SY Rha
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - JS Chung
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - H Moon
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| | - S. Santillana
- National Cancer Center Hospital and Institute; Asan Medical Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Samsung Medical Center; Severance Hospital; Pusan National University Hospital; Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moon JH, Kim SN, Kang BW, Chae YS, Kim JG, Ahn JS, Kim YK, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Kim HJ, Choi YJ, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Cho GJ, Sohn SK. Early onset of acute GVHD indicates worse outcome in terms of severity of chronic GVHD compared with late onset. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 45:1540-5. [PMID: 20190848 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute GVHD (aGVHD) is an important risk factor for predicting the incidence or severity of chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Transplant outcome can be influenced by the onset time of aGVHD in patients who have received allogeneic PBSC transplants (PBSCTs). The medical records of 134 patients who survived more than 3 months after myeloablative allogeneic PBSCT were retrospectively reviewed. In all, 38 patients (28.4%) developed grade II-IV aGVHD before day +28 (early aGVHD) and 25 patients (18.7%) after day +28 (late aGVHD). The 5-year cumulative incidence of cGVHD was 78.9% in the early-aGVHD group and 56.6% in the late-aGVHD group (P=0.034). The 5-year OS was 51.0% for the early-aGVHD and 80.8% for the late-aGVHD group (P=0.406). Infection was the primary cause of death for the early-aGVHD group (51.4 vs 16.7%, P=0.017), whereas relapse of the primary disease was higher among the patients with late aGVHD, although this was statistically insignificant (58.3 vs 25.7%, P=0.309). In a multivariate analysis, early aGVHD was identified as a risk factor for developing cGVHD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.278, P=0.004). The development of aGVHD early after allogeneic PBSCT increased the risk of cGVHD and infection-related death rate when compared with the late onset of aGVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Moon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivanina AV, Eilers S, Kurochkin IO, Chung JS, Techa S, Piontkivska H, Sokolov EP, Sokolova IM. Effects of cadmium exposure and intermittent anoxia on nitric oxide metabolism in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:433-44. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.038059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Nitric oxide (NO) is an intracellular signaling molecule synthesized by a group of enzymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and involved in regulation of many cellular functions including mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics. In invertebrates, the involvement of NO in bioenergetics and metabolic responses to environmental stress is poorly understood. We determined sensitivity of mitochondrial and cellular respiration to NO and the effects of cadmium (Cd) and intermittent anoxia on NO metabolism in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. NOS activity was strongly suppressed by exposure to 50 μg l–1 Cd for 30 days (4.76 vs 1.19 pmol NO min–1 mg–1 protein in control and Cd-exposed oysters, respectively) and further decreased during anoxic exposure in Cd-exposed oysters but not in their control counterparts. Nitrate/nitrite content (indicative of NO levels) decreased during anoxic exposure to less than 10% of the normoxic values and recovered within 1 h of re-oxygenation in control oysters. In Cd-exposed oysters, the recovery of the normoxic NO levels lagged behind, reflecting their lower NOS activity. Oyster mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by exogenous NO, with sensitivity on a par with that of mammalian mitochondria, and ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration was significantly more sensitive to NO than resting respiration. In isolated gill cells, manipulations of endogenous NOS activity either with a specific NOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine) or a NOS substrate (l-arginine) had no effect on respiration, likely due to the fact that mitochondria in the resting state are relatively NO insensitive. Likewise, Cd-induced stimulation of cellular respiration did not correlate with decreased NOS activity in isolated gill cells. High sensitivity of phosphorylating (ADP-stimulated) oyster mitochondria to NO suggests that regulation of bioenergetics is an evolutionarily conserved function of NO and that NO-dependent regulation of metabolism may be most prominent under the conditions of high metabolic flux when the ADP-to-ATP ratio is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Ivanina
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - S. Eilers
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - I. O. Kurochkin
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - J. S. Chung
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - S. Techa
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - H. Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA
| | - E. P. Sokolov
- Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203-5871, USA
| | - I. M. Sokolova
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JS, Kim SJ, Kim JS, Kim ES, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Min YH, Lee MH, Choi YJ, Bang SM, Kim JA, Cho GJ, Chi HS, Jang SS, Park CJ, Suh C, Park CW, Kim CS. Report of Aids-related Lymphoma in South Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38:134-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hym168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Jenkins AJ, Zhang SX, Rowley KG, Karschimkus CS, Nelson CL, Chung JS, O'Neal DN, Januszewski AS, Croft KD, Mori TA, Dragicevic G, Harper CA, Best JD, Lyons TJ, Ma JX. Increased serum pigment epithelium-derived factor is associated with microvascular complications, vascular stiffness and inflammation in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2007; 24:1345-51. [PMID: 17971181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine in Type 1 diabetes patients if levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factor, are increased in individuals with complications and positively related to vascular and renal dysfunction, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Serum PEDF levels were measured by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 123 Type 1 diabetic patients (71 without and 52 with microvascular complications) and 31 non-diabetic control subjects. PEDF associations with complication status, pulse-wave analysis and biochemical results were explored. RESULTS PEDF levels [geometric mean (95% CI)] were increased in patients with complications 8.2 (7.0-9.6) microg/ml, vs. complication-free patients [5.3 (4.7-6.0) microg/ml, P < 0.001] and control subjects [5.3 (4.6-6.1) microg/ml, P < 0.001; anova between three groups, P < 0.001], but did not differ significantly between control subjects and complication-free patients (P > 0.05). In diabetes, PEDF levels correlated (all P < 0.001) with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.317), pulse pressure (r = 0.337), small artery elasticity (r = -0.269), glycated haemoglobin (r = 0.245), body mass index (r = 0.362), renal dysfunction [including serum creatinine (r = 0.491), cystatin C (r = 0.500)], triglycerides (r = 0.367), and inflammation [including log(e)C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.329), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (r = 0.363)]. Age, blood urea nitrogen, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and log(e)CRP correlated with PEDF levels in control subjects (all P < 0.04). PEDF levels were not significantly correlated with measures of oxidative stress: isoprostanes, oxidized low-density lipoprotein or paraoxonase-1 activity. On stepwise linear regression analysis (all subjects), independent determinants of PEDF levels were renal function, triglycerides, inflammation, small artery elasticity and age (r(2) = 0.427). CONCLUSIONS In Type 1 diabetes, serum PEDF levels are associated with microvascular complications, poor vascular health, hyperglycaemia, adiposity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Jenkins
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chae YS, Sohn SK, Kim JG, Cho YY, Moon JH, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Cho GJ, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Kim YK, Kim HJ. New myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine and busulfan for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: comparison with BuCy2. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 40:541-7. [PMID: 17637692 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A regimen of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy2) is regarded as the standard myeloablative regimen for SCT. This study evaluated the hypothesis that fludarabine can replace cyclophosphamide for myeloablative allogeneic SCT. Ninety-five patients underwent allogeneic SCT from HLA-identical donors, following BuCy2 (n=55) or busulfan+fludarabine (BF, n=40). The efficacy of fludarabine compared to cyclophosphamide was retrospectively evaluated. The BF group exhibited a shorter duration until engraftment (P=0.001), lower incidence of acute and chronic GVHD (P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) (P=0.039). Furthermore, the event-free survival and overall survival were significantly higher for the BF group compared to the BuCy2 group (P=0.004 and 0.002, respectively). After adjusting for age, the risk status of disease, GVHD prophylaxis and donor type, the BF regimen was found to be an independent favorable risk factor for event-free survival (hazard ratio (HR), 0.181; 95% confidence interval, 0.045-0.720; P=0.016) and overall survival (HR, 0.168; 0.035-0.807; P=0.026). The replacement of cyclophosphamide with fludarabine for myeloablative conditioning seems to be more effective in terms of short-term NRM, and GVHD compared to BuCy2 regimen in allogeneic transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chae
- 1Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim DH, Baek JH, Chae YS, Kim YK, Kim HJ, Park YH, Song HS, Chung JS, Hyun MS, Sohn SK. Absolute lymphocyte counts predicts response to chemotherapy and survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 21:2227-30. [PMID: 17554383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Multivariate Analysis
- Odds Ratio
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
Collapse
|
12
|
Chung JS, Wilcockson DC, Zmora N, Zohar Y, Dircksen H, Webster SG. Identification and developmental expression of mRNAs encoding crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) in decapod crustaceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 209:3862-72. [PMID: 16985202 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Full-length cDNAs encoding crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) were isolated from several decapod (brachyuran and astacuran) crustaceans: the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, green shore crab Carcinus maenas, European lobster Homarus gamarus and calico crayfish Orconectes immunis. The cDNAs encode open reading frames of 143 (brachyurans) and 139-140 (astacurans) amino acids. Apart from the predicted signal peptides (30-32 amino acids), the conceptually translated precursor codes for a single copy of CCAP and four other peptides that are extremely similar in terms of amino acid sequence within these species, but which clearly show divergence into brachyuran and astacuran groups. Expression patterns of CCAP mRNA and peptide were determined during embryonic development in Carcinus using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry with whole-mount confocal microscopy, and showed that significant mRNA expression (at 50% embryonic development) preceded detectable levels of CCAP in the developing central nervous system (CNS; at 70% development). Subsequent CCAP gene expression dramatically increased during the late stages of embryogenesis (80-100%), coincident with developing immunopositive structures. In adult crabs, CCAP gene expression was detected exclusively in the eyestalk, brain and in particular the thoracic ganglia, in accord with the predominance of CCAP-containing cells in this tissue. Measurement of expression patterns of CCAP mRNA in Carcinus and Callinectes thoracic ganglia throughout the moult cycle revealed only modest changes, indicating that previously observed increases in CCAP peptide levels during premoult were not transcriptionally coupled. Severe hypoxic conditions resulted in rapid downregulation of CCAP transcription in the eyestalk, but not the thoracic ganglia in Callinectes, and thermal challenge did not change CCAP mRNA levels. These results offer the first tantalising glimpses of involvement of CCAP in environmental adaptation to extreme, yet biologically relevant stressors, and perhaps suggest that the CCAP-containing neurones in the eyestalk might be involved in adaptation to environmental stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baek JH, Kim JG, Jeon SB, Chae YS, Kim DH, Sohn SK, Lee KB, Choi YJ, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Cho GJ, Jung HY, Yu W. Phase II study of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1407-11. [PMID: 16641916 PMCID: PMC2361294 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of capecitabine plus irinotecan in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients with previously untreated metastatic or recurrent, measurable gastric cancer received oral capecitabine 1000 mg m−2 twice daily from day 1 to 14 and intravenous irinotecan 100 mg m−2 on days 1 and 8, based on a 3-week cycle. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the current study, among whom 38 were assessable for efficacy and 40 assessable for toxicity. Three complete responses and 16 partial responses were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 46.3%. At a median follow-up of 269 days, the median time to progression and overall survival were 5.1 and 8.6 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in four patients and grade 3 febrile neutropenia was observed in two patients. Grade 3 diarrhoea and grade 2 hand–foot syndrome occurred in six patients and eight patients, respectively. The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan was found to be well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, this regimen can be regarded as one of first-line treatment options for advanced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Baek
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea. E-mail:
| | - S B Jeon
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y S Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - S K Sohn
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - H J Shin
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - J S Chung
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - G J Cho
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - H Y Jung
- Department of General Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - W Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shin HJ, Chung JS, Cho GJ. Imatinib interim therapy between chemotherapeutic cycles and in vivo purging prior to autologous stem cell transplantation, followed by maintenance therapy is a feasible treatment strategy in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:917-8. [PMID: 16113662 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Very little is known regarding the release patterns or circulating titers of neuropeptides in crustaceans, in particular those concerned with regulation of molting hormone (ecdysteroid) synthesis, molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), which is also an adaptive hormone, centrally important in carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the currently accepted model of molt control is founded on an untested hypothesis suggesting that molting can proceed only after decline in MIH titer. Accordingly, we measured simultaneous circulating neuropeptide profiles for both MIH and CHH by RIA of purified hemolymph during the molt cycle at fine temporal scale during day/night cycles and seasonally. For CHH we additionally determined release patterns after physiologically relevant stress. Results show that both hormones are released exclusively and episodically, rather than continuously, with notably short half-lives in circulation, suggesting dynamic and short-lived variations in levels of both hormones. During the molt cycle, there are no overt changes in MIH titer, except a massive and unprecedented increase in MIH during late premolt, just before ecdysis. The function of this hormone surge is unknown. Treatment with various stressors (hypoxia, temperature shock) showed that CHH release occurs extremely rapidly, within minutes of stress. Release of CHH after stressful episodes during premolt (when gut endocrine cells synthesize large quantities of CHH) is exclusively from the sinus gland: CHH from the gut is never involved in the stress response. The results show a hitherto unsuspected dynamism in release of MIH and CHH and suggest that currently accepted models of molt control must be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee WS, Joo YD, Chung JS, Cho GJ, Park KT, Sohn CH. Efficacy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide and prednisone (CHEP) chemotherapy in previously untreated aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. S. Lee
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. D. Joo
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - J. S. Chung
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - G. J. Cho
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - K. T. Park
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| | - C. H. Sohn
- Inje Univ Basan Paik- Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Pusan National Univ Hosp, Busan, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ Masan Samsung Hosp, Masan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeong Y, Park BG, Chung JS. High performance biofilm process for treating wastewater discharged from coal refining plants containing nitrogen, cyanide and thiocyanate. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:325-34. [PMID: 16459807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge from coal refining plants contains a number of biologically toxic compounds; 2000-2500 mg/l of COD of which 40% is composed of phenol, 100-400 mg/l of thiocyanate, 10-40 mg/l of cyanide, 100-250 mg/l of NH4+-N and 150-300 mg/l of total nitrogen. In order to treat this kind of high strength wastewater, we have developed a high performance biofilm process using fluidizing bio-carriers of the tube chip type. The fluidizing biofilm carriers are made of a composite of polyethylene and several inorganic materials, whose density is controlled at 0.97-0.98 g/ml. The fluidizing biofilm carriers show sound fluidization characteristics inside bioreactors. The wastewater is treated using three consecutive series reactors in oxic-anoxic-oxic arrangement. Each reactor is charged with the fluidizing biofilm carriers of 50 vol%. Furthermore, newly cultured active microorganisms for the thiocyanate biodegradation are added in the biofilm process. At total hydraulic retention time of 2.2 days, this process can achieve steady state removal efficiencies: COD, 99%; thiocyanate, 99%; NH4+-N, 99% and total nitrogen, 90%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jeong
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chung JS, Schlunt LB, Simmons Z, Shah SK, Maeda G, Baldwin DD. 496 UPPER POLE RENAL ACCESS: IS A NOVEL SINGLE-STEP SHEATH EASIER TO INSERT THAN THE CONVENTIONAL TWO-STEP DEVICE? J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sogang University, CPO Box 1142, Seoul 100-611, South Korea
| | - M. C. Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sogang University, CPO Box 1142, Seoul 100-611, South Korea
| | - J. S. Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 HyoJa, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shin JY, Lee SK, Kang CD, Chung JS, Lee EY, Seo SY, Lee SY, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Yoon S. Antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of dendritic cell combination with vincristine chemotherapy in a murine fibrosarcoma model. Histol Histopathol 2003; 18:435-47. [PMID: 12647794 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new antitumor therapeutic strategy utilizing the combined effect of chemotherapy and DC (dendritic cell)-based immunotherapy was designed, and the effect of intratumoral injections of unpulsed, immature DCs was evaluated after in vivo pretreatment of vincristine on tumor growth in a murine fibrosarcoma tumor model. Vincristine exerted a much more potent apoptosis/necrosis-inducing effect on MCA-102 tumor cells than on DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CD11c, CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs were not downregulated after treatment with vincristine either in vitro or in vivo. The growth of tumor significantly regressed in the group which received the combined vincristine chemotherapy with intratumoral administration of DCs in contrast to the untreated group, the group treated with DCs alone, and the group treated with vincristine alone. In particular, an upregulated expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs was found in the combination treatment group. Furthermore, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the staining intensity of their CD4 and CD8 surface molecules also increased after the combination treatment. Therefore, our results indicate the feasibility of this combination therapy with vincristine chemotherapy and DC-based immunotherapy as an efficient antitumor strategy for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Seo-Gu, Pusan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chung JS, Tairova G, Zhang Y, Hsu JC, McAuley KB, Bacon DW. Polymer-supported metallocene catalysts for gas-phase ethylene polymerization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02699302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Habe H, Chung JS, Lee JH, Kasuga K, Yoshida T, Nojiri H, Omori T. Degradation of chlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins by two types of bacteria having angular dioxygenases with different features. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3610-7. [PMID: 11472938 PMCID: PMC93062 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.8.3610-3617.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two kinds of bacteria having different-structured angular dioxygenases-a dibenzofuran (DF)-utilizing bacterium, Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63, and a carbazole (CAR)-utilizing bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10-were investigated for their ability to degrade some chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs) and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) (or, together, CDF/Ds) using either wild-type strains or recombinant Escherichia coli strains. First, it was shown that CAR 1,9a-dioxygenase (CARDO) catalyzed angular dioxygenation of all mono- to triCDF/Ds investigated in this study, but DF 4,4a-dioxygenase (DFDO) did not degrade 2,7-diCDD. Secondly, degradation of CDF/Ds by the sets of three enzymes (angular dioxygenase, extradiol dioxygenase, and meta-cleavage compound hydrolase) was examined, showing that these enzymes in both strains were able to convert 2-CDF to 5-chlorosalicylic acid but not other tested substrates to the corresponding chlorosalicylic acid (CSA) or chlorocatechol (CC). Finally, we tested the potential of both wild-type strains for cooxidation of CDF/Ds and demonstrated that both strains degraded 2-CDF, 2-CDD, and 2,3-diCDD to the corresponding CSA and CC. We investigated the sites for the attack of angular dioxygenases in each CDF/D congener, suggesting the possibility that the angular dioxygenation of 2-CDF, 2-CDD, 2,3-diCDD, and 1,2,3-triCDD (10 ppm each) by both DFDO and CARDO occurred mainly on the nonsubstituted aromatic nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Habe
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Redlich CA, Stowe MH, Wisnewski AV, Eisen EA, Karol MH, Lemus R, Holm CT, Chung JS, Sparer J, Liu Y, Woskie SR, Appiah-Pippim J, Gore R, Cullen MR. Subclinical immunologic and physiologic responses in hexamethylene diisocyanate-exposed auto body shop workers. Am J Ind Med 2001; 39:587-97. [PMID: 11385643 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diisocyanates are potent sensitizing agents and currently the most commonly identified cause of occupational asthma in industrialized countries. However, diisocyanate asthma is difficult to diagnose and exposure and host risk factors are unclear. Auto body shops, one of the most common hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) exposure settings, are particularly difficult to study due to their small size and episodic exposures. Surveillance studies of such workers are limited. OBJECTIVES We have initiated a cross-sectional field epidemiologic study, Survey of Painters and Repairers of Auto bodies by Yale (SPRAY), to characterize the effects of diisocyanate exposures on actively employed auto body shop workers. Methods and Results We present here questionnaire, physiologic, immunologic, and exposure data on 75 subjects enrolled in the study. No overt cases of clinically apparent diisocyanate asthma were identified based on spirometry, methacholine challenge, peak flows, and symptoms. HDI-specific lymphocyte proliferation was present in 30% of HDI-exposed workers and HDI-specific IgG in 34% of HDI-exposed workers, but they were not associated. HDI-specific IgE was detected in two workers. HDI-specific lymphocyte proliferation, increased methacholine responsiveness, and symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath were more common in the most heavily HDI-exposed workers, the painters. More long-term follow-up of this cohort should clarify the significance of these HDI-specific immunologic responses, physiologic changes, and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the presence of HDI-specific immune responses in a large proportion of healthy HDI-exposed workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Redlich
- Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dircksen H, Böcking D, Heyn U, Mandel C, Chung JS, Baggerman G, Verhaert P, Daufeldt S, Plösch T, Jaros PP, Waelkens E, Keller R, Webster SG. Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)-like peptides and CHH-precursor-related peptides from pericardial organ neurosecretory cells in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, are putatively spliced and modified products of multiple genes. Biochem J 2001; 356:159-70. [PMID: 11336648 PMCID: PMC1221824 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3560159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
About 24 intrinsic neurosecretory neurons within the pericardial organs (POs) of the crab Carcinus maenas produce a novel crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)-like peptide (PO-CHH) and two CHH-precursor-related peptides (PO-CPRP I and II) as identified immunochemically and by peptide chemistry. Edman sequencing and MS revealed PO-CHH as a 73 amino acid peptide (8630 Da) with a free C-terminus. PO-CHH and sinus gland CHH (SG-CHH) share an identical N-terminal sequence, positions 1-40, but the remaining sequence, positions 41-73 or 41-72, differs considerably. PO-CHH may have different precursors, as cDNA cloning of PO-derived mRNAs has revealed several similar forms, one exactly encoding the peptide. All PO-CHH cDNAs contain a nucleotide stretch coding for the SG-CHH(41-76) sequence in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Cloning of crab testis genomic DNA revealed at least four CHH genes, the structure of which suggest that PO-CHH and SG-CHH arise by alternative splicing of precursors and possibly post-transcriptional modification of PO-CHH. The genes encode four exons, separated by three variable introns, encoding part of a signal peptide (exon I), the remaining signal peptide residues, a CPRP, the PO-CHH(1-40)/SG-CHH(1-40) sequences (exon II), the remaining PO-CHH residues (exon III) and the remaining SG-CHH residues and a 3'-UTR (exon IV). Precursor and gene structures are more closely related to those encoding related insect ion-transport peptides than to penaeid shrimp CHH genes. PO-CHH neither exhibits hyperglycaemic activity in vivo, nor does it inhibit Y-organ ecdysteroid synthesis in vitro. From the morphology of the neurons it seems likely that novel functions remain to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dircksen
- Institut für Zoophysiologie, Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kasuga K, Habe H, Chung JS, Yoshida T, Nojiri H, Yamane H, Omori T. Isolation and characterization of the genes encoding a novel oxygenase component of angular dioxygenase from the gram-positive dibenzofuran-degrader Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:195-204. [PMID: 11322788 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A gram-positive bacterium Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63 is able to degrade dibenzofuran (DF) via initial dioxygenation by a novel angular dioxygenase. The dbfA1 and dbfA2 genes, which encode the large and small subunits of the dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase (DFDO), respectively, were isolated by a polymerase chain reaction-based method. DbfA1 and DbfA2 showed moderate homology to the large and small subunits of other ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (less than 40%), respectively, and some motifs such as the Fe(II) binding site and the [2Fe-2S] cluster ligands were conserved in DbfA1. DFDO activity was confirmed in Escherichia coli cells containing the cloned dbfA1 and dbfA2 genes with the complementation of nonspecific ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase component of E. coli. Under this condition, these cells exhibited angular dioxygenation of DF and dibenzo-p-dioxin, and monooxygenation of fluorene, but not angular dioxygenation of carbazole, xanthene, and phenoxathiin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DbfA1 formed a branch with recently reported large subunits of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dioxygenase from gram-positive bacteria but did not cluster with that of other angular dioxygenases, i.e., DxnA1 from Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 [Armengaud, J., Happe, B., and Timmis, K. N. J. Bacteriol. 180, 3954-3966, 1998] and CarAa from Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10 [Sato, S., Nam, J.-W., Kasuga, K., Nojiri, H., Yamane, H., and Omori, T. J. Bacteriol. 179, 4850-4858, 1997].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kasuga
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang Y, Quan X, Chen J, Chung JS, Sung JY, Chen S, Xue D, Zhao Y. Long-term results of ammonia removal and transformation by biofiltration. J Hazard Mater 2000; 80:259-269. [PMID: 11080582 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, long-term (>8 month) results of ammonia removal in biofilters was studied. Compost was used as the biofilter medium and activated carbon as an added material. The ammonia removal was normally >95% at influent ammonia concentrations of 20-500ppmv. According to the test results, the influent ammonia concentration should be <200ppmv (0.1570g ammonia/kg media per day) so that the effluent concentration of ammonia is <1.0mg/m(3) (the emission standard of China), and the biofiltration system can achieve good long-term performance. In the biofiltration system utilized in this study, the shortest retention time that the system could attain was 0.532min. However, the retention time can be decreased further without decreasing the ammonia removal efficiency. Countercurrent flow is favorable, as it enhances the moisture retention ability of the media. In the bioreactors, ammonia can be converted into the nitrate. The bioreactors have a stratification phenomenon for ammonia removal over the biofiltration depth, which implies that different parts of the bioreactor play different roles in the ammonia removing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158-129, 116012, Dalian, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Choi MY, Chung JS. Intrinsic finite-size effects in the two-dimensional XY model with irrational frustration. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:3484-3487. [PMID: 11030927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates in detail the finite-size scaling of the two-dimensional irrationally frustrated XY model. By means of Monte Carlo simulations with entropic sampling, we examine the size dependence of the specific heat, and find remarkable deviation from the conventional finite-size scaling theory, which reveals novel intrinsic finite-size effects. Relaxation dynamics of the system is also considered, and, correspondingly, finite-size scaling of the relaxation time is examined, again giving evidence for the intrinsic finite-size effects and suggesting a zero-temperature glass transition.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee HJ, Lee SB, Chung JS, Han SU, Han O, Guh JO, Jeon JS, An G, Back K. Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene are resistant to diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen. Plant Cell Physiol 2000; 41:743-749. [PMID: 10945344 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/41.6.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), the penultimate step enzyme of the branch point for the biosynthetic pathway of Chl and hemes, is the target site of action of diphenyl ether (DPE) herbicides. However, Bacillus subtilis Protox is known to be resistant to the herbicides. In order to develop the herbicide-resistant plants, the transgenic rice plants were generated via expression of B. subtilis Protox gene under ubiquitin promoter targeted to the cytoplasm or to the plastid using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. The integration and expression of the transgene were investigated at T0 generation by DNA and RNA blots. Most transgenic rice plants revealed one copy transgene insertion into the rice genome, but some with 3 copies. The expression levels of B. subtilis Protox mRNA appeared to correlate with the copy number. Furthermore, the plastidal transgenic lines exhibited much higher expression of the Protox mRNA than the cytoplasmic transgenic lines. The transgenic plants expressing the B. subtilis Protox gene at T0 generation were found to be resistant to oxyfluorfen when judged by cellular damage with respect to cellular leakage, Chl loss, and lipid peroxidation. The transgenic rice plants targeted to the plastid exhibited higher resistance to the herbicide than the transgenic plants targeted to the cytoplasm. In addition, possible resistance mechanisms in the transgenic plants to DPE herbicides are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Webster SG, Dircksen H, Chung JS. Endocrine cells in the gut of the shore crab Carcinus maenas immunoreactive to crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone and its precursor-related peptide. Cell Tissue Res 2000; 300:193-205. [PMID: 10805088 DOI: 10.1007/s004410000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and morphology of gut endocrine cells, which are immunoreactive to crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) and the corresponding precursor-related peptide (CPRP), have been described in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. The cells are uniquely distributed throughout the fore- and hindgut, but were never observed in the midgut or associated caeca. Expression of CHH and CPRP in the gut endocrine cells is generally restricted to premoult, although small numbers of immunoreactive cells were observed in intermoult and postmoult. A notable feature of the distribution of these slender cells was that, whilst they are distributed evenly over much of the fore- and hindgut, all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the gastric and pyloric stomach examined were surrounded by a ring(s) of cells, suggesting a mechanoreceptive function. Ultrastructural studies revealed that these cells contain numerous immunopositive, electron-dense granules. This suggests that they are "paraneurones", which secrete CHH and CPRP into the haemolymph during ecdysis, accounting for the ecdysial surge in CHH, which is implicated in water uptake and swelling prior to ecdysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Webster SG, Dircksen H, Chung JS. Endocrine cells in the gut of the shore crab Carcinus maenas immunoreactive to crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone and its precursor-related peptide. Cell Tissue Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s004410050060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the extent of human isocyanate skin exposure in auto body shops and the effectiveness of personal protective equipment. Animal studies have suggested that skin exposure to isocyanates may be an important risk factor for respiratory sensitization leading to asthma. This study provides initial data on hexamethylene diisocyanate skin exposure in three auto body shops. METHODS Three auto body shops of different size which use different paint systems were examined for the presence of aliphatic isocyanates on environmental surfaces and workers' skin and for breakthrough of personal protective equipment. Qualitative detection of contamination by isocyanates was conducted using a wipe-sampling technique. Assessment focused on the painters and their tasks, although other auto body repairers were also evaluated. RESULTS Environmental surfaces such as painters' workbenches, spray equipment, and cleaning tools were found contaminated with isocyanates. Painters had frequent contact with contaminated surfaces, often without wearing gloves. Moderate to heavy contamination of some skin surfaces was found with painters from two of the three auto body shops. Latex gloves used for skin protection showed significant penetrations by isocyanates even after a single painting session. CONCLUSIONS Contaminated environmental surfaces and skin exposure to isocyanates were documented in several auto body shops. Latex gloves were not adequate protection for workers using isocyanate paints. Further research which would better quantify skin exposure, and its potential relationship to respiratory sensitization and asthma is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-2283, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phlippen MK, Webster SG, Chung JS, Dircksen H. Ecdysis of decapod crustaceans is associated with a dramatic release of crustacean cardioactive peptide into the haemolymph. J Exp Biol 2000; 203:521-36. [PMID: 10637181 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203.3.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of detailed analyses of morphological characteristics and behavioural events associated with ecdysis in a crab (Carcinus maenas) and a crayfish (Orconectes limosus), a comprehensive substaging system has been introduced for the ecdysis stage of the moult cycle of these decapod crustaceans. In a remarkably similar stereotyped ecdysis sequence in both species, a passive phase of water uptake starting with bulging and rupture of thoracoabdominal exoskeletal junctions is followed by an active phase showing distinct behavioural changes involved in the shedding of the head appendages, abdomen and pereiopods. Together with an enzyme immunoassay for crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), the substaging has been used to demonstrate a large, rapid and reproducible peak in haemolymph CCAP levels (increases of approximately 30-fold in the crab and more than 100-fold in the crayfish compared with intermoult titres) during the later stages of active ecdysis. We suggest that the release of CCAP (accumulated in late premoult) from the crab pericardial organs or the crayfish ventral nerve cord accounts for many of the changes in behaviour and physiology seen during ecdysis and that this neurohormone is likely to be of critical importance in crustaceans and other arthropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Phlippen
- Institut für Zoophysiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chang SL, Chung JS, Yeung MK, Howard PS, Macarak EJ. Roles of the lamina propria and the detrusor in tension transfer during bladder filling. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1999; 201:38-45. [PMID: 10573775 DOI: 10.1080/003655999750042132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, structural changes within the lamina propria and detrusor layers were analysed during development as a function of bladder filling. Second-, third- and full-term foetal bovine bladders were filled to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of their total capacity and snap frozen. The bladders were analysed histochemically and the relative thicknesses of the lamina propria and detrusor were measured. In all gestational stages examined, the total thickness of the bladder wall decreased during bladder filling. The lamina propria of the full-term bladder thinned at a consistently faster rate than did the detrusor. The lamina propria of second and third trimester bladders followed the same thinning pattern, except when the bladders were filled from 25% to 50% of their capacities. At these gestational stages, the detrusor thinned at a faster rate than the lamina propria. Our results demonstrate that the detrusor layer carries tension only during a specific portion of the filling cycle and only during the second and third trimesters. We conclude that the lamina propria acts as the capacitance layer, while the detrusor functions as the "limiting" or "girding" layer to prevent over-distension of the bladder wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Chang
- Department of Anatomy/Histology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6003, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chung JS, Dircksen H, Webster SG. A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:13103-7. [PMID: 10557280 PMCID: PMC23907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting or ecdysis is the most fundamentally important process in arthropod life history, because shedding of the exoskeleton is an absolute prerequisite for growth and metamorphosis. Although the hormonal mechanisms driving ecdysis in insects have been studied extensively, nothing is known about these processes in crustaceans. During late premolt and during ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas, we observed a precise and reproducible surge in hemolymph hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) levels, which was over 100-fold greater than levels seen in intermolt animals. The source of this hormone surge was not from the eyestalk neurosecretory tissues but from previously undescribed endocrine cells (paraneurons), in defined areas of the foregut and hindgut. During premolt (the only time when CHH is expressed by these tissues), the gut is the largest endocrine tissue in the crab. The CHH surge, which is a result of an unusual, almost complete discharge of the contents of the gut endocrine cell, regulates water and ion uptake during molting, thus allowing the swelling necessary for successful ecdysis and the subsequent increase in size during postmolt. This study defines an endocrine brain/gut axis in the arthropods. We propose that the ionoregulatory process controlled by CHH may be common to arthropods, in that, for insects, a similar mechanism seems to be involved in antidiuresis. It also seems likely that a cascade of very precisely coordinated release of (neuro) hormones controls ecdysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Redlich CA, Chung JS, Cullen MR, Blaner WS, Van Bennekum AM, Berglund L. Effect of long-term beta-carotene and vitamin A on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels among participants in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Atherosclerosis 1999; 145:425-32. [PMID: 10488974 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Lung Cancer Chemoprevention Trial (CARET) ended prematurely due to the unexpected findings that the active treatment group on the combination of 30 mg beta-carotene and 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate had a 46% increased lung cancer mortality and a 26% increased cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo. This study was designed when the CARET intervention was halted to evaluate the effects of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene and retinol on serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, in an attempt to explore possible explanations for the CARET result. METHODS Serum triglyceride levels, and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were determined in a subgroup of 52 CARET participants. Baseline and mid-trial levels were available on 23 participants on placebo and 29 on active treatment who were then serially followed for 10 months after trial termination. RESULTS Triglyceride, and total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were similar in the two groups at baseline. After a mean of 5 years on the intervention there was a small nonsignificant increase in serum triglyceride levels in the active group, but no difference in total, HDL, or LDL cholesterol levels. After stopping the intervention there was a decrease in triglyceride levels in the active intervention group, and no change in the other parameters. CONCLUSION Based on a small convenience sample, CARET participants in the active treatment arm had a small nonsignificant increase in serum triglyceride levels while on the intervention, and a decrease in serum triglyceride levels after the intervention was discontinued. No significant changes in total or HDL cholesterol were noted. These results argue against a major contribution of treatment-induced changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels to the increased cardiovascular mortality in the active treatment group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Redlich
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Redlich CA, Chung JS, Cullen MR, Blaner WS, Van Bennekum AM, Berglund L. Effect of long-term beta-carotene and vitamin A on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels among participants in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Atherosclerosis 1999; 143:427-34. [PMID: 10217373 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Lung Cancer Chemoprevention Trial (CARET) ended prematurely due to the unexpected findings that the active treatment group on the combination of 30 mg beta-carotene and 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate had a 46% increased lung cancer mortality and a 26% increased cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo. This study was designed when the CARET intervention was halted to evaluate the effects of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene and retinol on serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, in an attempt to explore possible explanations for the CARET result. METHODS Serum triglyceride levels, and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were determined in a subgroup of 52 CARET participants. Baseline and mid-trial levels were available on 23 participants on placebo and 29 on active treatment who were then serially followed for 10 months after trial termination. RESULTS Triglyceride, and total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were similar in the two groups at baseline. After a mean of 5 years on the intervention there was a small nonsignificant increase in serum triglyceride levels in the active group, but no difference in total, HDL, or LDL cholesterol levels. After stopping the intervention there was a decrease in triglyceride levels in the active intervention group, and no change in the other parameters. CONCLUSION Based on a small convenience sample, CARET participants in the active treatment arm had a small nonsignificant increase in serum triglyceride levels while on the intervention, and a decrease in serum triglyceride levels after the intervention was discontinued. No significant changes in total or HDL cholesterol were noted. These results argue against a major contribution of treatment-induced changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels to the increased cardiovascular mortality in the active treatment group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Redlich
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chung JS, Wilkinson MC, Webster SG. Amino acid sequences of both isoforms of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and corresponding precursor-related peptide in Cancer pagurus. Regul Pept 1998; 77:17-24. [PMID: 9809792 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Both isoforms of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and corresponding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptide (CPRP) derived from HPLC-purified sinus gland extracts from the edible crab Cancer pagurus were fully characterised by microsequencing and mass spectrometry. The amino acid sequences of the CHH isoforms were almost identical except that the N-terminus of the minor isoform (CHH-I), was glutamine rather than pyroglutamate in the major isoform (CHH-II). Both CHH isoforms were of similar biological activity, as tested by in vivo hyperglycemia bioassays and in vitro repression of ecdysteroid synthesis. Comparison with other published CHH and CPRP sequences show that for crabs, these peptides form a distinct group, that the presence of CHH isoforms with free and blocked N-termini seems unique to crabs. It is argued that this phenomenon reflects a slow post-translational modification in sinus gland neurosecretory terminals. This study appears to complete the entire sinus gland inventory of functionally and structurally characterised CHH-related peptides in a crab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury frequently limits the total dose of thoracic radiotherapy that can be delivered, and the determinants of host susceptibility are poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that vitamin A status may be an important, modifiable host determinant of radiation-induced lung injury, we determined the effect of altered vitamin A status on radiation-induced lung inflammation in rats. WAG-Rij Y rats were fed a diet deficient in or supplemented with vitamin A (0 units/kg or 80,000 units/kg diet). After 5 wk of consuming the prescribed diet, rats were irradiated with 15 Gy of 250 kV X-rays to the whole thorax. At 4-5 wk post-irradiation, there were significantly fewer neutrophils on bronchoalveolar lavage in rats fed the vitamin A-supplemented diet (8.8 +/- 1.2% neutrophils) compared with those fed the vitamin A-deficient diet (20.8 +/- 3.4% neutrophils, P < 0.01). At the termination of the experiment, 4-5 wk postradiation, lung retinol levels of the vitamin A-supplemented group were 19.6 +/- 1.8 nmol/g, whereas those in the vitamin A-deficient group were significantly lower, 1.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/g (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that supplemental vitamin A may reduce lung inflammation after thoracic radiation and be an important modifiable radioprotective agent in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Redlich
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Redlich CA, Blaner WS, Van Bennekum AM, Chung JS, Clever SL, Holm CT, Cullen MR. Effect of supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin A on lung nutrient levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:211-4. [PMID: 9521435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), a randomized, placebo-controlled lung cancer chemoprevention trial of 30 mg of beta-carotene and 25,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, was prematurely terminated when a 46% excess lung cancer mortality was found in subjects on the active arm. Before the CARET intervention ended, 21 men were recruited to participate in a 6-month biomarker study using the same intervention as CARET that determined the effect of this supplementation on lung nutrient levels. Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell nutrient levels were measured before and after the intervention. The group in the active arm (n = 10) had plasma carotene level increases of over 10-fold, with a small increase in plasma retinol levels BAL cell levels of beta-carotene in the active group also increased 10-fold, from 4.5 to 46.3 pmol/10(6) cells (P = 0.0008), with no change in BAL cell retinol levels. Surgically obtained lung tissue from three CARET subjects in the active arm showed elevated carotene lung tissue levels but no increase in lung retinol levels compared to a group of surgical controls. Combined with our previous work showing a strong correlation between BAL and lung tissue nutrient levels, these findings suggest that supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin A results in increased lung tissue as well as BAL cell levels of beta-carotene, with little change in lung retinol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Redlich
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
We tried to compare the three kinds of Metagonimus species, M. yokogawai, Metagonimus Miyata type, and M. takahashii, which were known to be distributed in Korea with polymerase chain reaction based-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) patterns. We amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) site of ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mCOI) gene. The restriction patterns of ITS1 gene with Rsa I, Alu I and Msp I showed multiple fragmented bands of different sizes between three kinds of Metagonimus. In case of mCOI gene, Rsa I and Alu I enzymes produced differentially fragmented band patterns. According to the parsimony analysis of PCR-RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between M. yokogawai and Metagonimus Miyata type was 0.034880, between Metagonimus Miyata type and M. takahashii was 0.028098, between M. yokogawai and M. takahashii was 0.018179. It is suggested that Metagonimus Miyata type may be separate species and evolutionize at the older time than the other two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Yu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Chungju, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Genomic DNA from Metagonimus yokogawai and Metagonimus Miyata type was amplified by polymerase chain reaction based on the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Eight random 10-mer oligonucleotide primers (OPA-02, 5-TGCCGAGCTG-3; OPA-09, 5-GGGTAACGCC-3; OPA-10, 5-GTGATCGCAG-3; OPA-11, 5-CAATCGCCGT-3; OPA-13, 5-CAGCACCCAC-3; OPA-17, 5-GACCGCTTGT-3; OPA-19, 5-CAAACGTCGG-3; OPA-20, 5-GTTGCGATCC-3) with a G + C content of 60-70% (Kit A, Operon Technologies Inc., California, USA) could produce distinguishable banding patterns between the two Metagonimus species. From the results of this study, it was suggested that Metagonimus Miyata type has a different DNA sequence from M. Yokogawai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Yu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Chungju, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is thought to originate from embryonal hepatic tissue, and most of these tumors occur in children under the age of 2 years. Hepatoblastoma in adults is extremely rare, and the prognosis is much worse than the mixed hepatoblastoma of childhood. We experienced a case of mixed hepatoblastoma in a 51 year old female patient. She had been suffering from a mild pain and a palpable lump in the epigastric area. Serum AFP was 43,850 ng/ml. Computerized tomography and selective abdominal angiography showed a large low-density mass. With a suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma of the left lobe, a left lateral segmentectomy was performed. The external surface showed a huge protruding mass and the capsule was previously ruptured. On section, the tumor was a 11 x 7 cm sized expanding mass which had a variegated surface composed of yellow-white friable tissue with multifocal hemorrhagic areas. Microscopic examination revealed a tumor consisted of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The mesenchymal cells were spindle in shape and proliferated over the whole tumor with focal osteosarcomatous differentiation. The epithelial components showed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma-like areas, poorly differentiated acinar or tubular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Pochon CHA University, Pundang CHA General Hospital, Sungnam, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Roberts VA, Nachman RJ, Coast GM, Hariharan M, Chung JS, Holman GM, Williams H, Tainer JA. Consensus chemistry and beta-turn conformation of the active core of the insect kinin neuropeptide family. Chem Biol 1997; 4:105-17. [PMID: 9190285 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptides are examples of small, flexible molecules that bind to receptors and induce signal transduction, thereby eliciting biological activity. The multifunctional insect kinin neuropeptides retain full activity when reduced to only their carboxy-terminal pentapeptide (Phe1-X2-X3-Trp4-Gly5-NH2), thereby allowing extensive structure-function studies and conformational analysis. RESULTS A combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the insect kinin carboxy-terminal pentapeptide was used to probe the role of each residue, define the bioactive conformation, and design a constrained bioactive analog. Coupling receptor-binding data with two biological activity assays allowed receptor binding and signal transduction to be differentiated. A preferred beta-turn conformation, found for residues 1-4 by molecular dynamics simulations, was tested by designing a conformationally restricted cyclic hexapeptide. This cyclic analog showed a preference for the beta-turn conformation, as shown by a conformational search and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it showed stronger receptor binding but decreased activity relative to highly active linear analogs. CONCLUSIONS Each residue of the insect kinin carboxy-terminal pentapeptide has a distinct role in conformational preference, specific receptor interactions or signal transduction. The beta-turn preference of residues Phe1-X2-X3-Trp4 implicates this as the bioactive conformation. The amidated carboxyl terminus, required for activity in many neuropeptide families, may be generally important for signal transduction and its inclusion may therefore be essential for agonist design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Roberts
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chung JS, Webster SG. Does the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue have any physiological significance for crab hyperglycemic neuropeptides? Eur J Biochem 1996; 240:358-64. [PMID: 8841399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0358h.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of all crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHH) is that they are always present in the sinus gland as multiple forms or isoforms. The amino acid sequence of the minor form of CHH from the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, was determined by automated microsequencing and MS, and was almost identical to that of the major form, except that the N-terminal residue was glutamine rather than pyroglutamate. Limited analysis (electrospray MS and amino acid composition) of the two corresponding forms of CHH from the edible crab, Cancer pagurus, suggested a similar phenomenon in this species. For C. maenas, both forms were indistinguishable in terms of their ability to cause sustained hyperglycemia in vivo and repression of ecdysteroid synthesis in vitro. Similarly, the two forms were immunologically identical in RIA, and exhibited similar binding characteristics in competitive-receptor-binding assays. CD studies showed only minor differences in presumed secondary structure. In vitro release experiments with isolated sinus glands demonstrated that both forms are probably released in a stoichiometric manner and that both peptides are present in the haemolymph at the same ratio as that in the sinus gland. Preliminary results suggest that the in vivo clearance/degradation rates of both peptides are similar. The unblocked (Gln) terminus is of particular significance, since the presence of this amino acid indicates that this peptide is derived from a precursor that does not possess the same structure of those of established preproCHH, or that N-terminal processing is slow, which results in the presence of unblocked CHH in sinus glands. The similar biological activity of the unblocked CHH to that of the blocked CHH suggests that the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue has no obvious biological significance (with respect to the known functions of CHH), an observation which is in contrast to the widely accepted paradigms concerning the stability and biological activity of N-terminally blocked and unblocked peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wainwright G, Webster SG, Wilkinson MC, Chung JS, Rees HH. Structure and significance of mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone in the crab, Cancer pagurus. Involvement in multihormonal regulation of growth and reproduction. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:12749-54. [PMID: 8662685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.22.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that methyl farnesoate is the crustacean equivalent of the juvenile hormones of insects. This putative hormone is produced by the mandibular organs and is negatively regulated by a neuropeptide produced and secreted by the X-organ-sinus gland complex of the eyestalk. To identify this neuropeptide, a bioassay was developed which measures the inhibition of methyl farnesoate synthesis by mandibular organs exposed to fractionated sinus gland extracts from the crab, Cancer pagurus. Two neuropeptides, named mandibular organ-inhibiting hormones (MOIH-1 and -2) repressed methyl farnesoate synthesis. MOIH-1 was fully sequenced by automated Edman degradation of endoproteinase-derived fragments and further characterized by mass spectrometry. This peptide consisted of 78 residues (Mr 9235.6), with unblocked termini and three intrachain disulfide bridges. MOIH-2 appeared to be almost identical to MOIH-1 with the exception of a Gln for Lys substitution at position 33. Comparison with previously sequenced crustacean neuropeptides shows that these MOIHs are members of the ever expanding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family, with significant sequence similarity to molt-inhibiting hormones (MIHs). It is possible that these two structurally similar peptides (MIH, MOIH) may control mutually exclusive physiological phenomena (somatic and gonadal growth), suggesting a complex hormonal integration of these processes in crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Wainwright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oh SK, Yoon CN, Chung JS. Dynamic finite-size effect in the classical spin van der Waals model. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:11557-11561. [PMID: 9982776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.11557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
47
|
Abstract
Putative moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH) from sinus glands of the edible crab Cancer pagurus was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fractional bioassay (inhibition of ecdysteroid synthesis by Y-organs) and immunoassay (using antisera raised against Carcinus MIH). This peptide was fully sequenced by automated Edman degradation of endoproteinase-derived fragments. C. pagurus MIH is a 78 residue peptide (M(r) 9194), with free N- and C-termini and three intrachain disulphide bridges. Comparison with previously published MIH sequences confirms a high degree of sequence identity (c. 80%), supporting the view that brachyurans (crabs), possess distinct, structurally similar MIH neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
A biologically active 125I-labeled analogue of AK-II (3'-hydroxyphenyl propionic-Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2) was used to investigate the properties of achetakinin binding sites on plasma membranes from Malpighian tubules of Acheta domesticus. With optimized conditions, binding was rapid, reversible, and specific, and saturation studies revealed a single class of binding sites with Kd 0.55 nM and Bmax 39.9 fmol/mg membrane protein. The affinities of achetakinins for binding sites on tubule membranes ranked AK-V > AK III > AK-II > AK-I > or = AK-IV, in general agreement with their potencies in functional assays. However, IC50 values were several orders of magnitude higher than corresponding values for EC50, which suggests a considerable receptor reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Chung
- Department of Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chung CK, Chung JS, Brace KC, Modlin B. Radiotherapy for cancer of the larynx: review of a community hospital experience. Md Med J 1994; 43:971-975. [PMID: 7808200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Records of 106 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated with radiation therapy (RT) at Washington Adventist Hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed for patterns of failure and survival, with a minimum of five-year follow-up. In patients treated with RT alone, initial local control rate was 72% for tumors involving supraglottic larynx and 90% for glottic larynx; in postoperative RT patients, the rate was 65% in the supraglottic and 67% in the glottic larynx group. The laryngeal preservation rate in patients treated with RT alone was 87% in those with early lesions (T1 and T2) and 63% in those with advanced tumors (T3 and T4). The overall five-year determinate survival rates of the RT-only group and the postoperative RT group were 90% and 57%, respectively. In patients with advanced tumors (stages III and IV), survival rates were comparable for RT alone and postoperative RT (56% and 52%, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Chung
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Washington Adventist Hospital, Takoma Park, MD 20912
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|