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Kang S, Noh C, Kang H, Shin JY, Kim SY, Kim S, Son MG, Park E, Song HK, Shin S, Lee S, Kim NK, Jung Y, Lee Y. Dynamics and Entropy of Cyclohexane Rings Control pH-Responsive Reactivity. JACS Au 2021; 1:2070-2079. [PMID: 34841418 PMCID: PMC8611792 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Activation entropy (ΔS ‡) is not normally considered the main factor in determining the reactivity of unimolecular reactions. Here, we report that the intramolecular degradation of six-membered ring compounds is mainly determined by the ΔS ‡, which is strongly influenced by the ring-flipping motion and substituent geometry. Starting from the unique difference between the pH-dependent degradation kinetics of geometric isomers of 1,2-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide (1,2-CHCAA), where only the cis isomer can readily degrade under weakly acidic conditions (pH < 5.5), we found that the difference originated from the large difference in ΔS ‡ of 16.02 cal·mol-1·K-1. While cis-1,2-CHCAA maintains a preference for the classical chair cyclohexane conformation, trans-1,2-CHCAA shows dynamic interconversion between the chair and twisted boat conformations, which was supported by both MD simulations and VT-NMR analysis. Steric repulsion between the bulky 1,2-substituents of the trans isomer is one of the main reasons for the reduced energy barrier between ring conformations that facilitates dynamic ring inversion motions. Consequently, the more dynamic trans isomer exhibits much a larger loss in entropy during the activation process due to the prepositioning of the reactant than the cis isomer, and the pH-dependent degradation of the trans isomer is effectively suppressed. When the ring inversion motion is inhibited by an additional methyl substituent on the cyclohexane ring, the pH degradability can be dramatically enhanced for even the trans isomer. This study shows a unique example in which spatial arrangement and dynamic properties can strongly influence molecular reactivity in unimolecular reactions, and it will be helpful for the future design of a reactive structure depending on dynamic conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosik Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyunggido 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Advanced
Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Advanced
Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Park
- Bruker
Biospin Korea, Seongnam, Gyunggido 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department
of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyunggido 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyoon Kim
- Advanced
Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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102
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Pandey P, Kunwar S, Shin KH, Seo MK, Yoon J, Hong WK, Sohn JI. Plasmonic Core-Shell-Satellites with Abundant Electromagnetic Hotspots for Highly Sensitive and Reproducible SERS Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12191. [PMID: 34830073 PMCID: PMC8620478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we develop a Ag@Al2O3@Ag plasmonic core-shell-satellite (PCSS) to achieve highly sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of probe molecules. To fabricate PCSS nanostructures, we employ a simple hierarchical dewetting process of Ag films coupled with an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for the Al2O3 shell. Compared to bare Ag nanoparticles, several advantages of fabricating PCSS nanostructures are discovered, including high surface roughness, high density of nanogaps between Ag core and Ag satellites, and nanogaps between adjacent Ag satellites. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of the PCSS nanostructure confirm an enhancement in the electromagnetic field intensity (hotspots) in the nanogap between the Ag core and the satellite generated by the Al2O3 shell, due to the strong core-satellite plasmonic coupling. The as-prepared PCSS-based SERS substrate demonstrates an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.7 × 107 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of ~7%, endowing our SERS platform with highly sensitive and reproducible detection of R6G molecules. We think that this method provides a simple approach for the fabrication of PCSS by a solid-state technique and a basis for developing a highly SERS-active substrate for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puran Pandey
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (P.P.); (K.-H.S.); (M.-K.S.)
| | - Sundar Kunwar
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Ki-Hoon Shin
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (P.P.); (K.-H.S.); (M.-K.S.)
| | - Min-Kyu Seo
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (P.P.); (K.-H.S.); (M.-K.S.)
| | - Jongwon Yoon
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Woong-Ki Hong
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Jung-Inn Sohn
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (P.P.); (K.-H.S.); (M.-K.S.)
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103
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Kim DG, Baek I, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim JY, Bang G, Kim S, Yoon HJ, Han BW, Suh SW, Kim HS. Structural basis for SdgB- and SdgA-mediated glycosylation of staphylococcal adhesive proteins. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1460-1474. [PMID: 34726173 PMCID: PMC8561734 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of infection of host tissues by Staphylococcus aureus requires a family of staphylococcal adhesive proteins containing serine-aspartate repeat (SDR) domains, such as ClfA. The O-linked glycosylation of the long-chain SDR domain mediated by SdgB and SdgA is a key virulence factor that protects the adhesive SDR proteins against host proteolytic attack in order to promote successful tissue colonization, and has also been implicated in staphylococcal agglutination, which leads to sepsis and an immunodominant epitope for a strong antibody response. Despite the biological significance of these two glycosyltransferases involved in pathogenicity and avoidance of the host innate immune response, their structures and the molecular basis of their activity have not been investigated. This study reports the crystal structures of SdgB and SdgA from S. aureus as well as multiple structures of SdgB in complex with its substrates (for example UDP, N-acetylglucosamine or SDR peptides), products (glycosylated SDR peptides) or phosphate ions. Together with biophysical and biochemical analyses, this structural work uncovered the novel mechanism by which SdgB and SdgA carry out the glycosyl-transfer process to the long SDR region in SDR proteins. SdgB undergoes dynamic changes in its structure such as a transition from an open to a closed conformation upon ligand binding and takes diverse forms, both as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with SdgA. Overall, these findings not only elucidate the putative role of the three domains of SdgB in recognizing donor and acceptor substrates, but also provide new mechanistic insights into glycosylation of the SDR domain, which can serve as a starting point for the development of antibacterial drugs against staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyun Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwha Baek
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yeon Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerry Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Voronoi Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- R&D Center, Voronoi Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Suh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Sook Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
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104
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Sarwar N, Bin Humayoun U, Dastgeer G, Yoon DH. Copper nanoparticles induced, trimesic acid grafted cellulose-an effective, non-hazardous processing approach for multifunctional textile with low chemical induction. Cellulose (Lond) 2021; 28:11609-11624. [PMID: 34703085 PMCID: PMC8532103 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cross-linkers have great importance in textile due to the widespread utilization of cellulosic fibers for clothing. Unfortunately, the acute toxicity of formaldehyde-based resins and the poor performance of non-formaldehyde resins still keep the research door open for scientists in this area. Herein, we demonstrated copper nanoparticles induced trimesic acid grafted cellulose as a sustainable solution for multifunctional easy-care clothing. Our treated fabric presents crease recovery angle value of 248° comparable to that of most promising citric acid-based cross-linkers at the chemical concentration of trimesic acid as low as 2% with a sweeping improvement of around 30% in strength retention, not reported earlier. The relatively low fabric stiffness, without any yellowing, is contributing to the comfort and aesthetic demand while nanoparticles induction promoting utmost antimicrobial need. For the first time, the superiority of the development was validated by interlacing the fabric/finish traits with sustainability building blocks that provide the step forward for rapid industrialization. Furthermore, environmental, health, and safety mapping comparison provides a better understanding of the intensity of hazards that different finishing crosslinkers pose on the environment and public health. With improved performance and superior sustainability, such fabric can act as a preferable alternative to the multifunctional easy-care fabric market. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-04251-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Sarwar
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Textile Engineering, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Usama Bin Humayoun
- Department of Textile Engineering, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Dastgeer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Yoon
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
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105
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Manikandan V, Mahadik MA, Hwang IS, Chae WS, Ryu J, Jang JS. Visible-Light-Active CuO x -Loaded Mo-BiVO 4 Photocatalyst for Inactivation of Harmful Bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and Degradation of Orange II Dye. ACS Omega 2021; 6:23901-23912. [PMID: 34568669 PMCID: PMC8459411 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Mo-BiVO4-loaded and metal oxide (MO: Ag2Ox, CoOx, and CuOx)-loaded Mo-BiVO4 photocatalysts were synthesized using a wet impregnation method and applied for microbial inactivation (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and orange II dye degradation under visible-light (VL) conditions (λ ≥ 420 nm). The amount of MO cocatalysts loaded onto the surface of the Mo-BiVO4 photocatalysts was effectively controlled by varying their weight percentages (i.e., 1-3 wt %). Among the pure Mo-BiVO4, Ag2Ox-, CoOx-, and CuOx-loaded Mo-BiVO4 photocatalysts used in bacterial E. coli and S. aureus inactivation under VL irradiation, the 2 wt % CuOx-loaded Mo-BiVO4 photocatalyst showed the highest degradation efficiency of E. coli (97%) and S. aureus (99%). Additionally, the maximum orange II dye degradation efficiency (80.2%) was achieved over the CuOx (2 wt %)-loaded Mo-BiVO4 photocatalysts after 5 h of radiation. The bacterial inactivation results also suggested that the CuO x -loaded Mo-BiVO4 nanostructure has significantly improved antimicrobial ability as compared to CuOx/BiVO4. The enhancement of the inactivation performance of CuOx-loaded Mo-BiVO4 can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Mo doping and Cu2+ ions in CuOx, which further acted as an electron trap on the surface of Mo-BiVO4 and promoted fast transfer and separation of the photoelectron (e-)/hole (h+) pairs for growth of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, during the bacterial inactivation process, the ROS can disrupt the plasma membrane and destroy metabolic pathways, leading to bacterial cell death. Therefore, we provide a novel idea for visible-light-activated photocatalytic antibacterial approach for future disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Division
of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute
of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource
Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahadeo A. Mahadik
- Division
of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute
of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource
Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seon Hwang
- Division
of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute
of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource
Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Analysis
Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic
Science Institute, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Geologic
Environment Research Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division
of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute
of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource
Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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106
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Lee HS, Shim JY, Shin WJ, Choi SH, Bong YS, Lee KS. Dietary homogenization and spatial distributions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair in South Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256404. [PMID: 34415968 PMCID: PMC8378694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary homogenization has progressed worldwide due to westernization and the globalization of food production systems. We investigated dietary heterogeneity in South Korea by examining the spatial distribution of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) isotope ratios using 264 human hair samples. Overall, variation in isotope values was small, indicating low dietary heterogeneity. We detected differences in δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values between administrative provinces and metropolitan cities; inter-regional differences were typically < 1 ‰. Values of δ34S were significantly lower in hair samples from inland regions relative to those from coastal locations, and a similar pattern was observed in δ15N values. Understanding geographic variation in δ34S and δ15N values in human hair is useful for provenancing humans in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seul Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yu Shim
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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107
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Na AY, Paudel S, Choi S, Lee JH, Kim MS, Bae JS, Lee S. Global Lysine Acetylome Analysis of LPS-Stimulated HepG2 Cells Identified Hyperacetylation of PKM2 as a Metabolic Regulator in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8529. [PMID: 34445236 PMCID: PMC8395202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction (SILD) is a common event and is strongly associated with mortality. Establishing a causative link between protein post-translational modification and diseases is challenging. We studied the relationship among lysine acetylation (Kac), sirtuin (SIRTs), and the factors involved in SILD, which was induced in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells. Protein hyperacetylation was observed according to SIRTs reduction after LPS treatment for 24 h. We identified 1449 Kac sites based on comparative acetylome analysis and quantified 1086 Kac sites on 410 proteins for acetylation. Interestingly, the upregulated Kac proteins are enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) category. Among the proteins in the glycolysis pathway, hyperacetylation, a key regulator of lactate level in sepsis, was observed at three pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) sites. Hyperacetylation of PKM2 induced an increase in its activity, consequently increasing the lactate concentration. In conclusion, this study is the first to conduct global profiling of Kac, suggesting that the Kac mechanism of PKM2 in glycolysis is associated with sepsis. Moreover, it helps to further understand the systematic information regarding hyperacetylation during the sepsis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Sanjita Paudel
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Soyoung Choi
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (J.-S.B.)
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108
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Tomboc GM, Park Y, Lee K, Jin K. Directing transition metal-based oxygen-functionalization catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8967-8995. [PMID: 34276926 PMCID: PMC8261717 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. Although both methods have their advantages and limitations, the former approach has been used to synthesize a broader range of organic substances as the latter is limited by several factors, such as poor selectivity and high energy cost. However, because electrochemical methods can replace harmful terminal oxidizers with external voltage, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as greener and more eco-friendly compared to conventional organic synthesis. The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracita M Tomboc
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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Kite S, Kadam AN, Sathe DJ, Patil S, Mali SS, Hong CK, Lee S, Garadkar KM. Nanostructured TiO 2 Sensitized with MoS 2 Nanoflowers for Enhanced Photodegradation Efficiency toward Methyl Orange. ACS Omega 2021; 6:17071-17085. [PMID: 34250364 PMCID: PMC8264933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a potential platform for the removal of organic contaminants, but it has some limitations. To overcome these limitations, we devised a promising strategy in the present work, the heterostructures of TiO2 sensitized by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflowers synthesized by the mechanochemical route and utilized as an efficient photocatalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation. The surface of TiO2 sensitized by MoS2 was comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From XRD results, the optimized MoS2-TiO2 (5.0 wt %) nanocomposite showcases the lowest crystallite size of 14.79 nm than pristine TiO2 (20 nm). The FT-IR and XPS analyses of the MoS2-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibit the strong interaction between MoS2 and TiO2. The photocatalytic results show that sensitization of TiO2 by MoS2 drastically enhanced the photocatalytic activity of pristine TiO2. According to the obtained results, the optimal amount of MoS2 loading was assumed to be 5.0 wt %, which exhibited a 21% increment of MO photodegradation efficiency compared to pristine TiO2 under UV-vis light. The outline of the overall study describes the superior photocatalytic performance of 5.0 wt % MoS2-TiO2 nanocomposite which is ascribed to the delayed recombination by efficient charge transfer, high surface area, and elevated surface oxygen vacancies. The context of the obtained results designates that the sensitization of TiO2 with MoS2 is a very efficient nanomaterial for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar
V. Kite
- Nanomaterials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Abhijit Nanaso Kadam
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si 1342, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dattatraya J. Sathe
- Department
of Chemistry, KIT’s College of Engineering
(Autonomous), Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416234, India
| | - Satish Patil
- Nanomaterials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Sawanta S. Mali
- Polymer
Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang Kook Hong
- Polymer
Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sang−Wha Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si 1342, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kalyanrao M. Garadkar
- Nanomaterials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
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110
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You DG, Lim GT, Kwon S, Um W, Oh BH, Song SH, Lee J, Jo DG, Cho YW, Park JH. Metabolically engineered stem cell–derived exosomes to regulate macrophage heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/23/eabe0083. [PMID: 34078596 PMCID: PMC8172131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advances in therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a large number of patients still lack effective countermeasures. Recently, the reprogramming of macrophages to an immunoregulatory phenotype has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA. Here, we report metabolically engineered exosomes that have been surface-modified for the targeted reprogramming of macrophages. Qualified exosomes were readily harvested from metabolically engineered stem cells by tangential flow filtration at a high yield while maintaining their innate immunomodulatory components. When systemically administered into mice with collagen-induced arthritis, these exosomes effectively accumulated in the inflamed joints, inducing a cascade of anti-inflammatory events via macrophage phenotype regulation. The level of therapeutic efficacy obtained with bare exosomes was achievable with the engineered exosomes of 10 times less dose. On the basis of the boosted nature to reprogram the synovial microenvironment, the engineered exosomes display considerable potential to be developed as a next-generation drug for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil You
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Taek Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmi Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- ExoStemTech Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- ExoStemTech Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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111
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Choi NR, Yoon YJ, Park KT, Kim KA, Kim YP, Ahn YG, Lee JY. Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxics 2021; 9:86. [PMID: 33920550 PMCID: PMC8073057 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quantification and identification of saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can provide useful information for determining the contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of the aerosol. However, individual saccharide compounds in pristine marine aerosols that exist in trace amounts are difficult to analyze due to their low concentrations. Thus, in this study, we applied gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to analyze the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples, and the results were compared with those of conventional GC-MS. To investigate the chemical properties of pristine marine aerosols, 12 PM2.5 samples were collected while aboard Araon, an ice-breaking research vessel (IBRV), as it sailed from Incheon, South Korea to Antarctica. The method detection limits of GC-MS/MS for 10 saccharides were 2-22-fold lower than those of GC-MS. Consequently, the advantages of GC-MS/MS include (1) more distinct peak separations, enabling the accurate identification of the target saccharides and (2) the quantification of all individual saccharide compounds with concentrations outside the quantifiable range of GC-MS. Accordingly, the time resolution for sampling saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can be improved with GC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (N.-R.C.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Yong-Jun Yoon
- Division of Polar Climate Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (K.-T.P.)
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Division of Polar Climate Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (K.-T.P.)
| | - Ki-Ae Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (N.-R.C.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Yong-Pyo Kim
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Yun-Gyong Ahn
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Ji-Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (N.-R.C.); (K.-A.K.)
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112
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Lee J, Bae C, Ou Z, Park S, Kim J, Kim J. Nanoscopic morphological effect on the optical properties of polymer-grafted gold polyhedra. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:1927-1933. [PMID: 36133089 PMCID: PMC9419197 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles show highly sensitive optical properties upon local dielectric environment changes. Hybridisation of plasmonic nanoparticles with active polymeric materials can allow stimuli-responsive and multiplex sensing over conventional monotonic sensing capacity. Such heterogeneous adlayers around the plasmonic core component, however, are likely to perturb the local refractive index in the nanometre regime and lead to uncertainty in its intrinsic sensitivity. Herein we prepare a series of polystyrene-grafted polyhedral gold nanoparticles, cubic and concave cubic cores, with different edge lengths and polymer thicknesses with precise synthesis control. Their localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectral changes are monitored to understand the effect of core morphological details in the interplay of nanoscale polymeric shells. Quantitative image analysis of changes in the core and shell shape contours and finite-difference time-domain simulations of the corresponding LSPR spectra and electric field distributions reveal that the magnitude of the LSPR spectral shift is closely dependent on the core morphology, polymer shell thickness and electric field intensity. We also demonstrate that the polystyrene-grafted gold concave cube displays higher sensitivity for nanoscale refractive index change in the polymer shell than the polystyrene-grafted gold cube at different temperatures. Our systematic investigation will help design polymer-composited plasmonic nanosensors for desirable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Cheongwon Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Suhyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Jeongeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 South Korea
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113
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Oh KI, Lee AR, Choi SR, Go Y, Ryu KS, Kim EH, Lee JH. Systematic Approach to Find the Global Minimum of Relaxation Dispersion Data for Protein-Induced B-Z Transition of DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3517. [PMID: 33805331 PMCID: PMC8037647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion spectroscopy is commonly used for quantifying conformational changes of protein in μs-to-ms timescale transitions. To elucidate the dynamics and mechanism of protein binding, parameters implementing CPMG relaxation dispersion results must be appropriately determined. Building an analytical model for multi-state transitions is particularly complex. In this study, we developed a new global search algorithm that incorporates a random search approach combined with a field-dependent global parameterization method. The robust inter-dependence of the parameters carrying out the global search for individual residues (GSIR) or the global search for total residues (GSTR) provides information on the global minimum of the conformational transition process of the Zα domain of human ADAR1 (hZαADAR1)-DNA complex. The global search results indicated that a α-helical segment of hZαADAR1 provided the main contribution to the three-state conformational changes of a hZαADAR1-DNA complex with a slow B-Z exchange process. The two global exchange rate constants, kex and kZB, were found to be 844 and 9.8 s-1, respectively, in agreement with two regimes of residue-dependent chemical shift differences-the "dominant oscillatory regime" and "semi-oscillatory regime". We anticipate that our global search approach will lead to the development of quantification methods for conformational changes not only in Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP) binding interactions but also in various protein binding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Im Oh
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (K.-I.O.); (A.-R.L.); (S.-R.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ae-Ree Lee
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (K.-I.O.); (A.-R.L.); (S.-R.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Seo-Ree Choi
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (K.-I.O.); (A.-R.L.); (S.-R.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Youyeon Go
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (K.-I.O.); (A.-R.L.); (S.-R.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Korea;
| | - Joon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (K.-I.O.); (A.-R.L.); (S.-R.C.); (Y.G.)
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114
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Chung DS, Park SH, Lee SG, Kim H. Electrochemically driven stereoselective approach to syn-1,2-diol derivatives from vinylarenes and DMF. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5892-5897. [PMID: 34168814 PMCID: PMC8179677 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemically driven strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of protected syn-1,2-diols from vinylarenes with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The newly developed system obviates the need for transition metal catalysts or external oxidizing agents, thus providing an operationally simple and efficient route to an array of protected syn-1,2-diols in a single step. This reaction proceeds via an electrooxidation of olefin, followed by a nucleophilic attack of DMF. Subsequent oxidation and nucleophilic capture of the generated carbocation with a trifluoroacetate ion is proposed, which gives rise predominantly to a syn-diastereoselectivity upon the second nucleophilic attack of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sol Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Steve H Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
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115
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Hoang Huy VP, So S, Hur J. Inorganic Fillers in Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium and Non-Lithium Polymer Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:614. [PMID: 33804462 PMCID: PMC8001111 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the various types of polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes have been considered as promising electrolytes for high-performance lithium and non-lithium batteries. The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer-salt system of gel polymer electrolytes has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrode. In this review, the detailed roles of inorganic fillers in composite gel polymer electrolytes are presented based on their physical and electrochemical properties in lithium and non-lithium polymer batteries. First, we summarize the historical developments of gel polymer electrolytes. Then, a list of detailed fillers applied in gel polymer electrolytes is presented. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by the addition of inorganic fillers are discussed for each inorganic filler. Subsequently, inorganic filler/polymer composite electrolytes studied for use in various battery systems, including Li-, Na-, Mg-, and Zn-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and requirements of the current composite gel polymer electrolyte technologies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaehyun Hur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (V.P.H.H.); (S.S.)
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116
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Jang HJ, Yang JH, Hong E, Jo E, Lee S, Lee S, Choi JS, Yoo HS, Kang H. Chelidonine Induces Apoptosis via GADD45a-p53 Regulation in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211006191. [PMID: 33884928 PMCID: PMC8077490 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211006191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus has been used as a traditional medicine in China and western countries for various diseases, including inflammation and cancer. However, the anti-cancer effect of chelidonine, a major compound of C. majus extracts, on pancreatic cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that treatment with chelidonine inhibited proliferation of BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining assay showed that this growth inhibitory effect of chelidonine was induced through apoptosis. We found that chelidonine treatment upregulated mRNA levels and transcription factor activity in both cell lines. Increases in protein expression levels of p53, GADD45A, p21 and cleaved caspase-3 were also observed, with more distinct changes in MIA PaCa-2 cells compared to the BxPC-3 cells. These results suggest that chelidonine induces pancreatic cancer apoptosis through the p53 and GADD45A pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the use of chelidonine for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Yang
- Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Soon Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology,
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine,
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soon Choi
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Yoo
- Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of
Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hwa Seung Yoo, East West Cancer Center,
Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Seoul 05836, Rep. of
Korea.
| | - Hyuno Kang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
- Hyuno Kang, Division of Analytical Science,
Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133,
Republic of Korea.
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117
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Kim S, Mertens-Talcott SU, Vaidya B, Venancio VP, Cho SY, Song JA, Chew BP, Kwon J, Kim D. Performance of concanavalin A-immobilized on polyacrylate beads for the detection of human norovirus and hepatitis A virus in fecal specimens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1727-1733. [PMID: 33282439 PMCID: PMC7708564 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is a sensitive method for the detection of foodborne viruses in fecal samples. However, the performance of qRT-PCR depends on the efficiency of virus concentration methods. In this study, the effect of Concanavalin A (Con A)-immobilized on polyacrylate beads (Con A-PAB) on the qRT-PCR performance, in terms of sensitivity and specificity to detect foodborne viruses in human fecal specimens was compared with commercial viral RNA extraction kit (VRNA). The detection of foodborne viruses by qRT-PCR was validated by viral genome sequencing. Both Con A-PAB and VRNA methods were equally sensitive and specific for detecting hepatitis A virus in fecal specimens. Even though both methods showed high specificity (100% vs. 100%) for detecting human norovirus (HuNoV), Con A-PAB method exhibited higher sensitivity (100% vs. 42.9%) and accuracy (100% vs. 73.3%) compared to VRNA method. In conclusion, the application of Con A-PAB would improve the performance of qRT-PCR for the detection of HuNoV in fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bipin Vaidya
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Vinicius Paula Venancio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2252 USA
| | - Se-Young Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Am Song
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133 Republic of Korea
| | - Boon P. Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2252 USA
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133 Republic of Korea
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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118
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Thiagarajan K, Balaji D, Madhavan J, Theerthagiri J, Lee SJ, Kwon KY, Choi MY. Cost-Effective Synthesis of Efficient CoWO 4/Ni Nanocomposite Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2195. [PMID: 33158013 PMCID: PMC7692640 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the synthesis of CoWO4 (CWO)-Ni nanocomposites was conducted using a wet chemical method. The crystalline phases and morphologies of the Ni nanoparticles, CWO, and CWO-Ni composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The electrochemical properties of CWO and CWO-Ni composite electrode materials were assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tests using KOH as a supporting electrolyte. Among the CWO-Ni composites containing different amounts of Ni1, Ni2, and Ni3, CWO-Ni3 exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 271 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, which was greater than that of bare CWO (128 F g-1). Moreover, the CWO-Ni3 composite electrode material displayed excellent reversible cyclic stability and maintained 86.4% of its initial capacitance after 1500 discharge cycles. The results obtained herein demonstrate that the prepared CWO-Ni3 nanocomposite is a promising electrode candidate for supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannadasan Thiagarajan
- Solar Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632 115, India; (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Dhandapani Balaji
- Solar Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632 115, India; (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Jagannathan Madhavan
- Solar Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632 115, India; (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Jayaraman Theerthagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Ki-Young Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.T.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.T.); (S.J.L.)
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119
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Nam G, Hong M, Lee J, Lee HJ, Ji Y, Kang J, Baik MH, Lim MH. Multiple reactivities of flavonoids towards pathological elements in Alzheimer's disease: structure-activity relationship. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10243-10254. [PMID: 34094290 PMCID: PMC8162271 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, metal ion dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress, and cholinergic deficit are four major characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the reactivities of 12 flavonoids against four pathogenic elements of AD: metal-free and metal-bound Aβ, free radicals, and acetylcholinesterase. A series of 12 flavonoids was selected based on the molecular structures that are responsible for multiple reactivities including hydroxyl substitution and transfer of the B ring from C2 to C3. Our experimental and computational studies reveal that the catechol moiety, the hydroxyl groups at C3 and C7, and the position of the B ring are important for instilling multiple functions in flavonoids. We establish a structure-activity relationship of flavonoids that should be useful for designing chemical reagents with multiple reactivities against the pathological factors of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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120
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Kim EH, Park S, Kim YK, Moon M, Park J, Lee KJ, Lee S, Kim YP. Self-luminescent photodynamic therapy using breast cancer targeted proteins. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba3009. [PMID: 32917700 PMCID: PMC7486108 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT), its comprehensive use in cancer treatment has not been achieved because of the nondegradable risks of photosensitizing drugs and limits of light penetration and instrumentation. Here, we present bioluminescence (BL)-induced proteinaceous PDT (BLiP-PDT), through the combination of luciferase and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating protein (Luc-RGP), which is self-luminescent and degradable. After exposure to coelenterazine-h as a substrate for luciferase without external light irradiation, Luc-RGP fused with a small lead peptide-induced breast cancer cell death through the generation of BL-sensitive ROS in the plasma membrane. Even with extremely low light energy, BLiP-PDT exhibited targeted effects in primary breast cancer cells from patients and in in vivo tumor xenograft mouse models. These findings suggest that BLiP-PDT is immediately useful as a promising theranostic approach against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Minwoo Moon
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Kim J, Jung Y, Lee E, Jang S, Ryu DH, Kwon O, Hwang GS. Urinary Metabolomic Profiling Analysis and Evaluation of the Effect of Ecklonia cava Extract Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1407. [PMID: 32422870 PMCID: PMC7285171 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful tool for the investigation of interactions between diet, nutrients, and human metabolism. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown alga that is abundantly found in Korea and Japan and contains unique polyphenols referred to as phlorotannins. However, there are few metabolomics studies related to the effects of polyphenols in humans. In this study, we performed a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of urine samples from participants with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m2 and lower than 30 kg/m2 to investigate the effects of the intake of seapolynol isolated from E. cava. Metabolomic profiling showed that the levels of riboflavin, urocanic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole glucuronide, and guanidino valeric acid were significantly increased in the seapolynol intake group compared with the placebo group. A correlation analysis was performed to identify the association between the metabolites' levels and clinical characteristics related to body fat. Among the metabolites whose concentrations changed in the seapolynol intake group, riboflavin was associated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat. These findings suggest that the decreased body fat induced by the intake of seapolynol is related to an increase in the antioxidant effect of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Eunok Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Seoyeong Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
- Korea Basic Science Institute, 150, Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
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122
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Lee SO, Lee CK, Ryu KS, Chi SW. The RING domain of mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 and its complex with Ube2D2: crystallization and X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:1-7. [PMID: 31929179 PMCID: PMC6957114 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19015395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (MUL1) is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane and regulates various biological processes, including apoptosis, cell growth, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. The C-terminal region of MUL1 faces the cytoplasm and contains the RING domain (MUL1-RING) where the Ub~E2 thioester binds. Unlike most RING-type E3 enzymes, MUL1-RING alone does not have an additional region that recruits a substrate protein, yet is still able to ubiquitylate the substrate, the p53 protein. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of the ubiquitylation of p53 by MUL1-RING has not yet been elucidated. In order to understand this novel ubiquitylation mechanism, it is necessary to determine the three-dimensional structures of MUL1-RING and of its complex with the cognate E2 enzyme. Here, Ube2D2 was validated as a functional E2 enzyme for the ubiquitylation of the p53 transactivation domain (p53-TAD) by MUL1-RING, and purification and crystallization processes for MUL1-RING and the MUL1-RING-Ube2D2 complex are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ok Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, KBSI School of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Shin JH, Jung S, Kim SA, Kang MS, Kim MS, Joung H, Hwang GS, Shin DM. Differential Effects of Typical Korean Versus American-Style Diets on Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolic Profile in Healthy Overweight Koreans: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2450. [PMID: 31615057 PMCID: PMC6835328 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Westernized diet has been associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, whereas a Korean diet has been reported to exert beneficial effects on health in several studies. However, the effects of Western and Korean diets on the gut microbiome and host metabolome are unclear. To examine the diet-specific effects on microbiome and metabolome, we conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial of typical Korean diet (TKD), typical American diet (TAD), and recommended American diet (RAD). The trial involved a 4-week consumption of an experimental diet followed by a 2-week interval before diet crossover. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis identified 16, 10, and 14 differential bacteria genera specific to TKD, RAD, and TAD, respectively. The Firmucutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased by TKD. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome profiling revealed that TKD enriched branched chain amino acid metabolism, whereas ketone body metabolism was evident in RAD and TAD. Microbiome and metabolome responses to the experimental diets varied with individual enterotypes. These findings provide evidence that the gut microbiome and host metabolome rapidly respond to different cultural diets. The findings will inform clarification of the diet-related communication networks of the gut microbiome and host metabolome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Group of Healthcare, Research division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Lee J, Lee YH, Jeong CB, Choi JS, Chang KS, Yoon M. Gold nanorods-conjugated TiO 2 nanoclusters for the synergistic combination of phototherapeutic treatments of cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:104. [PMID: 30572896 PMCID: PMC6300922 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat to kill cancer cells, respectively has attracted considerable attention because it gives synergistic effects on the cancer treatment by utilizing the radiation of nontoxic low-energy photons such as long wavelength visible light and near IR (NIR) penetrating into subcutaneous region. For the effective combination of the phototherapies, various organic photosensitizer-conjugated gold nanocomplexes have been developed, but they have still some disadvantages due to photobleaching and unnecessary energy transfer of the organic photosensitizers. RESULTS In this study, we fabricated novel inorganic phototherapeutic nanocomplexes (Au NR-TiO2 NCs) by conjugating gold nanorods (Au NRs) with defective TiO2 nanoparticle clusters (d-TiO2 NP clusters) and characterized their optical and photothermal properties. They were observed to absorb a broad range of visible light and near IR (NIR) from 500 to 1000 nm, exhibiting the generation of ROS as well as the photothermal effect for the simultaneous application of PDT and PTT. The resultant combination of PDT and PTT treatments of HeLa cells incubated with the nanocomplexes caused a synergistic increase in the cell death compared to the single treatment. CONCLUSION The higher efficacy of cell death by the combination of PDT and PTT treatments with the nanocomplexes is likely attributed to the increases of ROS generation from the TiO2 NCs with the aid of local surface plasma resonance (LSPR)-induced hot electrons and heat generation from Au NRs, suggesting that Au NR-TiO2 NCs are promising nanomaterials for the in vivo combinatorial phototherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooran Lee
- Division of Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Bae Jeong
- Division of Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Division of Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjoong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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125
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Ha JH, Hauk P, Cho K, Eo Y, Ma X, Stephens K, Cha S, Jeong M, Suh JY, Sintim HO, Bentley WE, Ryu KS. Evidence of link between quorum sensing and sugar metabolism in Escherichia coli revealed via cocrystal structures of LsrK and HPr. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar7063. [PMID: 29868643 PMCID: PMC5983913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial process that regulates population-scale behavior, is mediated by small signaling molecules, called autoinducers (AIs), that are secreted and perceived, modulating a "collective" phenotype. Because the autoinducer AI-2 is secreted by a wide variety of bacterial species, its "perception" cues bacterial behavior. This response is mediated by the lsr (LuxS-regulated) operon that includes the AI-2 transporter LsrACDB and the kinase LsrK. We report that HPr, a phosphocarrier protein central to the sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli, copurifies with LsrK. Cocrystal structures of an LsrK/HPr complex were determined, and the effects of HPr and phosphorylated HPr on LsrK activity were assessed. LsrK activity is inhibited when bound to HPr, revealing new linkages between QS activity and sugar metabolism. These findings help shed new light on the abilities of bacteria to rapidly respond to changing nutrient levels at the population scale. They also suggest new means of manipulating QS activity among bacteria and within various niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hye Ha
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- New Drug Development Center, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu-si 41061, South Korea
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kun Cho
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
| | - Yumi Eo
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
| | - Xiaochu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kristina Stephens
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Soyoung Cha
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
| | - Migyeong Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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Pennycook SJ, Li C, Li M, Tang C, Okunishi E, Varela M, Kim YM, Jang JH. Material structure, properties, and dynamics through scanning transmission electron microscopy. J Anal Sci Technol 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 31258949 PMCID: PMC6560782 DOI: 10.1186/s40543-018-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has advanced rapidly in the last decade thanks to the ability to correct the major aberrations of the probe-forming lens. Now, atomic-sized beams are routine, even at accelerating voltages as low as 40 kV, allowing knock-on damage to be minimized in beam sensitive materials. The aberration-corrected probes can contain sufficient current for high-quality, simultaneous, imaging and analysis in multiple modes. Atomic positions can be mapped with picometer precision, revealing ferroelectric domain structures, composition can be mapped by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and charge transfer can be tracked unit cell by unit cell using the EELS fine structure. Furthermore, dynamics of point defects can be investigated through rapid acquisition of multiple image scans. Today STEM has become an indispensable tool for analytical science at the atomic level, providing a whole new level of insights into the complex interplays that control material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA 07-14, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | | | - Maria Varela
- Dpt. Física de Materiales, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado & Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133 South Korea
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Kim JK, Kwon YE, Lee SG, Kim CY, Kim JG, Huh M, Lee E, Kim YJ. Correlative microscopy of the constituents of a dinosaur rib fossil and hosting mudstone: Implications on diagenesis and fossil preservation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186600. [PMID: 29049347 PMCID: PMC5648225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have applied correlative microscopy to identify the key constituents of a dorsal rib fossil from Koreanosaurus boseongensis and its hosting mudstone discovered at the rich fossil site in Boseong, South Korea, to investigate the factors that likely contributed to diagenesis and the preservation of fossil bone. Calcite and illite were the commonly occurring phases in the rib bone, hosting mudstone, and the boundary region in-between. The boundary region may have contributed to bone preservation once it fully formed by acting as a protective shell. Fluorapatite crystals in the rib bone matrix signified diagenetic alteration of the original bioapatite crystals. While calcite predominantly occupied vascular channels and cracks, platy illite crystals widely occupied miniscule pores throughout the bone matrix. Thorough transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of illite within the bone matrix indicated the solid-state transformation of 1M to 2M without composition change, which was more evident from the lateral variation of 1M to 2M within the same layer. The high level of lattice disordering of 2M illite suggested an early stage of 1M to 2M transformation. Thus, the diagenetic alteration of both apatite and illite crystals within the bone matrix may have increased its overall density, as the preferred orientation of apatite crystals from moderate to strong degrees was evident despite the poor preservation of osteohistological features. The combined effects of rapid burial, formation of a boundary region, and diagenesis of illite and apatite within the bone matrix may have contributed to the rib bone preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyun Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kwon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yeon Kim
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Kim
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Huh
- Korea Dinosaur Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joong Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Kim HJ, Yu DH, Kweon HS, Huh YH, Kim HR. Changes in numbers and size of synaptic vesicles of cortical neurons induced by exposure to 835 MHz radiofrequency-electromagnetic field. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186416. [PMID: 29045446 PMCID: PMC5646811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) exposure on neuronal functions of mice. Particularly, we focused on RF-EMF effects on synaptic vesicles (SVs), which store neurotransmitters at axon terminals or synaptic boutons. C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF (4.0 W/kg SAR, for 5 h daily) and alterations in SVs at presynaptic terminals in the cerebral cortex were determined. Ultrastructure of randomly selected cortical neurons was observed using typical electron microscopy and bio-high voltage electron microscopy (Bio-HVEM) methods, which enable the estimation of the numbers and size of SVs. The density of the SVs (number /10 μm2 or 40 μm3) was significantly decreased in the presynaptic boutons of cortical neurons after RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, qPCR and immunoblotting analyses revealed that the expression of synapsins I/II (Syns I/II) genes and proteins were significantly decreased in the cortical neurons of RF-EMF exposed mice. The present study suggested that alteration of SVs and Syn levels may result in alterations of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex following RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Da-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
- * E-mail: (HRK); (YHH)
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (HRK); (YHH)
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Lee DG, Yang KE, Hwang JW, Kang HS, Lee SY, Choi S, Shin J, Jang IS, An HJ, Chung H, Jung HI, Choi JS. Degradation of Kidney and Psoas Muscle Proteins as Indicators of Post-Mortem Interval in a Rat Model, with Use of Lateral Flow Technology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160557. [PMID: 27552165 PMCID: PMC4995019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated potential protein markers of post-mortem interval (PMI) using rat kidney and psoas muscle. Tissue samples were taken at 12 h intervals for up to 96 h after death by suffocation. Expression levels of eight soluble proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Degradation patterns of selected proteins were clearly divided into three groups: short-term, mid-term, and long-term PMI markers based on the half maximum intensity of intact protein expression. In kidney, glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β were degraded completely within 48 h making them short-term PMI markers. AMP-activated protein kinase α, caspase 3 and GS were short-term PMI markers in psoas muscle. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was a mid-term PMI marker in both tissues. Expression levels of the typical long-term PMI markers, p53 and β-catenin, were constant for at least 96 h post-mortem in both tissues. The degradation patterns of GS and caspase-3 were verified by immunohistochemistry in both tissues. GAPDH was chosen as a test PMI protein to perform a lateral flow assay (LFA). The presence of recombinant GAPDH was clearly detected in LFA and quantified in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LFA might be used to estimate PMI at a crime scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gi Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Hwang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Kang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Choi
- National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonchul Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Chung
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HIJ); (JSC)
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HIJ); (JSC)
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