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Caramaschi S, Mangogna A, Salviato T, Ammendola S, Barresi V, Manco G, Canu PG, Zanelli G, Bonetti LR. Cytoproliferative activity in colorectal poorly differentiated clusters: Biological significance in tumor setting. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151772. [PMID: 34153686 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) have gained a significant prognostic role in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) being associated to high risk of lymph node metastasis, shorter survival time and poor prognosis. The knowledge in PDC biology is not completely clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed Ki-67 LI in 45 CRCs showing ≥10 PDCs. We distinguished PDCs at the periphery of the tumor masses (pPDCs) from those within the tumor masses (cPDCs). We chose 3 cut-offs of Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI): <10%, 10-50%, and >50% of the labeled cells. RESULTS Ki-67 LI in pPDCs was<10% in 37 cases (82%), 10-50% in 6 cases (13%) and >50%in 2 cases (5%); Ki-67 LI in cPDCs was<10% in 4 cases (23.5%), 10-50% in 4 (23.5%) and >50% in 9 (54%). Ki-67 LI in tumor budding foci (TBs) was <10% in 8 cases (32%), 10-50% in 8 (32%) and >50% in 9 (36%). The difference of Ki-67 LI reaches the statistical significance (p < 0.005). Ki-67 LI <10% in the pPDCs was associated with nodal metastases (pN+) (p < 0.0001), pTNM stage III and IV(p < 0.0001) and TB (p < 0.001). Ki-67 LI > 50% in cPDC was significantly associated withpT3-pT4 and advanced pTNM stages (p < 0.0001), N+ (p = 0.0001) and LVI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Different Ki-67 LI detected between cPDCs and pPDCs suggesting a biological difference in PDCs. An actively proliferating central tumor areas can be distinguished from the peripheral portion of the tumors in which the cells interact with the stroma acquiring invasive and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Caramaschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Salviato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianrocco Manco
- Department of Surgery, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pina G Canu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Zanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Skarkova V, Skarka A, Manethova M, Stefanidi AA, Rudolf E. Silencing of E-cadherin expression leads to increased chemosensitivity to irinotecan and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cell lines. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2063-2073. [PMID: 34075792 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a leading malignant disease in most developed countries. In advanced stages it presents with metastatic dissemination and significant chemoresistance. Despite intensive studies, no convincing evidence has been published concerning the association of cadherins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a direct cause of acquired chemoresistance in CRC. The present study was designed to investigate the role of E-cadherin in EMT and its associated chemosensitivity/chemoresistance in four immortalized CRC cell lines representing various stages of CRC development (i.e. HT29 and Caco-2-early, SW480 and SW620 late). The expression of E-cadherin gene CDH1 was downregulated by the specific siRNA. Cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to irinotecan (IT) and oxaliplatin (OPT) were detected using WST-1 and x-CELLigence Real Time analysis. Expression of selected EMT markers were tested and compared using RT-PCR and western blot analysis in both variants (E-cadherin silenced and non-silenced) of each cell line. We have discovered that downregulation of E-cadherin expression has a diverse effect on both cell proliferation as well as the expression of EMT markers in individual tested CRC cell lines, with Caco-2 cells being the most responsive. On the other hand, reduced E-cadherin expression resulted in increased sensitivity of all cell lines to IT and mostly to OPT which might be related to changes in intracellular metabolism of these drugs. These results suggest dichotomy of E-cadherin involvement in the phenotypic EMT spectrum of CRC and warrants further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 37740Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 48282University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, 37740Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Afroditi A Stefanidi
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 37740Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 37740Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Abstract
A20 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory molecule that is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancers. The role of A20 as a tumor suppressor was first discovered in B cell lymphomas. Subsequent studies revealed the dual roles of A20 in solid cancers. This review focuses on the roles of A20 in different cancer types to demonstrate that the effects of A20 are cancer type-dependent. A20 plays antitumor roles in colorectal carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas A20 acts as an oncogene in breast cancers, gastric cancers and melanomas. Moreover, the roles of A20 in the setting of glioma therapy are context-dependent. The action mechanisms of A20 in different types of cancer are summarized. Additionally, the role of A20 in antitumor immunity is discussed. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. Exploration of the actions and molecular mechanisms of A20 in cancer paves the way for the application of A20-targeting approaches in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Jiang W, Li W, Li Q, Liu A, Huang W, Hao Q, Zhai H. Validation of Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening Score for Asymptomatic Participants and Outpatients in Northwest District of China. Digestion 2021; 101:484-491. [PMID: 31203287 DOI: 10.1159/000501073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score has been implemented for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic cohort in many regions. However, no study has validated its efficiency in Asian outpatients with mild-self-limited gastrointestinal symptoms yet. The purpose of this study was to validate its efficiency in asymptomatic subjects and outpatients in Ningxia. METHODS The records of 329 asymptomatic participants and 300 outpatients were collected and analyzed from database in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2017 to April 2018. These 2 main groups were divided into 3 tiers based on the scores calculated by the category of APCS score. The detection rates of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) were further compared according to histopathological classifications of tissues acquired during colonoscopy. RESULTS Among the 329 participants screened in the asymptomatic cohort, 78 subjects (23.7%) were in the low-risk (LR) tier, 187 subjects (56.8%) in the moderate-risk (MR) tier, and 64 subjects (19.5%) in the high-risk (HR) tier. The percentage of ACRN in the LR, MR, and HR groups was 1.3, 8.6, and 20.3%, respectively. In the 300 outpatient cohorts, 78 patients (26%) were in the LR tier, 140 patients (46.7%) in the MR tier, and 82 patients (27.3%) in the HR tier. The detection rates of ACRN in the LR, MR, and HR groups were 0, 10, and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSION APCS score is an effective method for ACRN screening in asymptomatic and also the outpatient subjects. Individuals with HR scores should be given priority for colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aiqin Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huihong Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China, .,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China,
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105
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Kou FR, Zhang YZ, Xu WR. Prognostic nomograms for predicting overall survival and cause-specific survival of signet ring cell carcinoma in colorectal cancer patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2503-2518. [PMID: 33889615 PMCID: PMC8040180 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i11.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an uncommon subtype in colorectal cancer (CRC), with a short survival time. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a useful prognostic model. As a simple visual predictive tool, nomograms combining a quantification of all proven prognostic factors have been widely used for predicting the outcomes of patients with different cancers in recent years. Until now, there has been no nomogram to predict the outcome of CRC patients with SRCC.
AIM To build effective nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) of CRC patients with SRCC.
METHODS Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent variables for both OS and CSS to construct the nomograms. Performance of the nomograms was assessed by concordance index, calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curves were also utilized to compare benefits between the nomograms and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. Patients were classified as high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk groups using the novel nomograms. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to compare survival differences.
RESULTS In total, 1230 patients were included. The concordance index of the nomograms for OS and CSS were 0.737 (95% confidence interval: 0.728-0.747) and 0.758 (95% confidence interval: 0.738-0.778), respectively. The calibration curves and ROC curves demonstrated good predictive accuracy. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year area under the curve values of the nomogram for predicting OS were 0.796, 0.825 and 0.819, in comparison to 0.743, 0.798, and 0.803 for the TNM staging system. In addition, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year area under the curve values of the nomogram for predicting CSS were 0.805, 0.847 and 0.863, in comparison to 0.740, 0.794, and 0.800 for the TNM staging system. Based on the novel nomograms, stratified analysis showed that the 5-year probability of survival in the high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk groups was 6.8%, 37.7%, and 67.0% for OS (P < 0.001), as well as 9.6%, 38.5%, and 67.6% for CSS (P < 0.001), respectively.
CONCLUSION Convenient and visual nomograms were built and validated to accurately predict the OS and CSS rates for CRC patients with SRCC, which are superior to the conventional TNM staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Kou
- Department of Day Oncology Unit, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang-Zi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei-Ran Xu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Yang C, Wang Y, Liu J, Shi Z, Chen Y, Feng Y, Ma X, Qiao S. A study of the correlation between M2 macrophages and lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 33781288 PMCID: PMC8008636 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is a major prognostic sign of colorectal carcinoma and an important indicator for individualized treatment. M2 macrophages play a key role in carcinogenesis and tumor development by enhancing invasiveness and promoting lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CD163-positive M2 macrophages on lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Methods Postoperative lymph node tissues were obtained from 120 patients with colorectal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2019 and May 2020. We detected the expression of the CD163 protein in lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the relationships between M2 macrophages identified by expression of CD163 and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Results M2 macrophages were increased in metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes adjacent to the cancer. The M2 macrophage count was higher in patients with macro-metastases than in patients with micro-metastases. Conclusions The presence of M2 macrophages represents an important indicator for lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma and may be a potential marker for its prediction. Thus, M2 macrophage localization might offer a new target for the comprehensive treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Liu
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoxiu Shi
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Chen
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Ma
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Qiao
- The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Guta, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Ezenkwa US, Ogun GO, Bamiro OO, Mashor MI, Okolo CA, Adegoke OO, Ogunbiyi OJ. Pattern and Significance of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Carcinomas Using ITBCC Guidelines: a Low Resource Setting Practice Observation. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:1018-1023. [PMID: 31970654 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pattern and significance of tumour budding among colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Nigerian patients using the 2016 International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) guidelines. METHODS H&E-stained slides of resected CRC at the University College Hospital and a private laboratory, both in Ibadan, Nigeria, from January 2008 to December 2017 were reviewed. Patient age, gender, tumour size and location were obtained from the surgical pathology records. Tumours were graded and staged according to the 2010 WHO and the 2017 UICC protocols, respectively. Tumour budding was determined at × 20 objective lens magnification with a 20-mm eyepiece field number diameter. Descriptive, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test statistics were applied using SPSS 20; p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Ninety-six cases were included in this study. Fifty-one (53.1%) showed tumour budding. Tumour bud count was low (0-4) in 66 (68.8%), intermediate (5-9) in 12 (12.5%) and high (≥ 10) in 18 (18.8%) tumours. Four tumours had pT1 stage, 35 pT2, 37 pT3 and 20 pT4. Forty-three (44.8%) tumours were lymph node-positive, and 10 (10.4%) had metastasis. Patients' age and tumour size distribution were similar in the tumour budding and non-budding groups (52.4 ± 17.1/58.5 ± 13.9 years and 6.6 ± 2.9/6.6 ± 2.8 cm, respectively). There was significant association between tumour budding and tumour grade (p < 0.008), pT stage (p < 0.000), lymphovascular permeation (p < 0.000), perineural invasion (p < 0.003) and nodal status (p < 0.034), but not with gender (p = 0.588), metastasis (p = 0.327) and TNM group-stage (p = 0.062). CONCLUSION Tumour budding frequency is high among our CRC patients and is associated with poorer prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna S Ezenkwa
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Gabriel O Ogun
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Mbwas I Mashor
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Clement A Okolo
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omolade O Adegoke
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Gu M, Jiang Z, Li H, Peng J, Chen X, Tang M. MiR-93/HMGB3 regulatory axis exerts tumor suppressive effects in colorectal carcinoma cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 120:104635. [PMID: 33773992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miR)-93 has been proven to mediate the initiation and progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC); however, the mechanisms by which miR-93 mediates CRC development need deeper elucidation. The present study is designed to investigate the association between miR-93 and high mobility group box 3 (HMGB3), as well as the functions of miR-93, in CRC. METHODS miR-93 expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. CRC cells were transfected or cotransfected with miR-93 mimic, miR-93 inhibitor, pcDNA3.1-HMGB3 and sh-HMGB3, and then the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities were detected in addition to the apoptotic rate. Western blotting assessed the expression levels of HMGB3, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT. The interaction between miR-93 and HMGB3 was identified. RESULTS In CRC tissues, miR-93 was downregulated and HMGB3 was upregulated. LOVO and SW480 cells transfected with miR-93 mimic exhibited reduced proliferation, invasion and migration as well as increased apoptosis. The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT were declined after miR-93 mimic was introduced into the CRC cell lines. miR-93 negatively downregulated HMGB3, and introduction of pcDNA3,1-HMGB3 could counteract, in part, the inhibitory effects of miR-93 on the malignant properties of CRC cells as well as the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT. CONCLUSION miR-93 targeted HMGB3 to block the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and thus enhance CRC cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Zuiming Jiang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Changsha KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Manling Tang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China.
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Liu Y, Cao P, Cao F, Wang S, He Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. ANLN, Regulated by SP2, Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathway. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:268-277. [PMID: 33757382 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1850939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of Anillin (ANLN) has been shown to function in the development of multiple cancers. However, its effects on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of ANLN in CRC development. METHODS By real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we assessed the expression level of ANLN in CRC tissues and cell lines. The role of ANLN in CRC cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, EdU assays and cell cycle assays. A mouse tumorigenic model was established to evaluate the in vivo function of ANLN. RESULTS We found that ANLN was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Highly expressed ANLN correlated with tumor size, tumor number, and stage in patients with CRC. Silencing ANLN in CRC cell lines suppressed proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Downregulation of ANLN led to reduced phosphorylated levels of AKT and ERK. However, total AKT protein showed no change. SP2, a critical transcription factor, was implicated in the upregulation of ANLN. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that ANLN regulates CRC cell proliferation via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, indicating that ANLN may represent a novel and effective target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengwei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Muramatsu T, Fukuzawa M, Itoi T. A case of early rectal carcinoma with submucosal tumor-like morphology. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:805-9. [PMID: 33751405 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Submucosal tumor (SMT)-like colorectal cancer is relatively rare. The patient was a 59-year-old man who underwent colonoscopy after a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy showed a protruded lesion of 10 mm in the lower rectum. On initial observation, conventional endoscopy showed that the lesion was covered with normal mucosa and its surface was reddish with small dimples. A neuroendocrine tumor was suspected, and a biopsy was performed, but the pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Re-examination 3 weeks later showed a depression at the surface of the lesion owing to the biopsy. Magnifying NBI showed a vessel pattern of uneven and irregular distribution, and an irregular surface pattern in the depressed area. Magnifying observations with crystal violet staining showed irregular pit patterns. The preoperative diagnosis was submucosal invasive cancer, and operation was performed. The final pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with deep submucosal invasion. The tumor was primarily localized in the submucosal layer and was covered by non-neoplastic mucosa except for the depressed area. The tumor was not exposed on the surface and was proliferating under the mucosa, which resulted in an SMT-like morphology. Our present case indicates that colorectal cancers should be differentially considered when SMT lesions are detected.
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Zhang M, Yang J, Jiang H, Jiang H, Wang Z. Correlation between glucose metabolism parameters derived from FDG and tumor TNM stages and metastasis-associated proteins in colorectal carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33750337 PMCID: PMC7941722 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between multiple metabolism parameters derived from FDG and tumor TNM stages as well as tumor metastasis-associated protein of GLUT-1 and MACC1 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Methods Thirty-eight patients (24 males and 14 females) with primary CRC confirmed by elective surgery pathological, who also accepted 18F-FDG PET/CT scans during 2017 to 2019 were included in this study. The tumor classification of T, N and M is explained by the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). 18F-FDG parameters of SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG and MTV were measured by drawing a region of interest on the primary lesions. The expression of GLUT-1 and MACC1 was quantified by immunohistochemical, and the correlation between metabolism parameters and tumor biomarkers were analyzed. Results According to our analysis, the 18F-FDG parameters of SUVmean was significantly correlated with tumor M status (P = 0.000) of primary CRC. The primary tumor lesion with higher SUVmax, TLG and MTV values prone to a high-T status (P = 0.002, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The high expression of GLUT-1/MACC1 weas more frequently involved with T3–4 stage and was poorly differentiated in CRC patients. Multivariate analysis found that the expression of GLUT-1 protein was correlated with SUVmax and MTV (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.013 and 0.004, respectively), moreover, the expression of MACC1 protein was correlated with TLG (R2 = 0.372, P = 0.000). Conclusion Glucose metabolism parameters derived from FDG provides a noninvasive assessment of M status and T status in CRC patients. The expression of GLUT-1 and MACC1 was associated with 18F-FDG uptake in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Yaseen A, Ladenheim A, Olson KA, Libertini SJ, McPherson JD, Matsukuma K. Whole exome sequencing of a gut-associated lymphoid tissue neoplasm points to precursor or early form of sporadic colon carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 220:153406. [PMID: 33740545 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) carcinoma is a colorectal neoplasm characterized by cystically dilated neoplastic glands that extend into prominent, well-circumscribed submucosal lymphoid tissue. Although often subtle, lamina propria between and around the neoplastic glands (identified by plasma cells, scattered eosinophils, etc.) is frequent in cases with classic morphology, arguing (at least in such cases) in favor of adenoma extending into lymphoglandular complexes rather than true invasive carcinoma. Some have postulated that the tumor arises from M-cells, specialized epithelial cells overlying GALT, and others have suggested it represents a unique pathway to carcinoma, specific to the environmental conditions of epithelium overlying lymphoid tissue. Although both hypotheses are intriguing, definitive phenotypic and genetic support is currently lacking. To address these possibilities, we undertook whole exome sequencing and immunohistochemical characterization of a GALT neoplasm recently identified on our clinical service. We discovered well-known mutations in both APC and KRAS, as well as mutations in several Wnt pathway components (MED12, BCL9L, RFX4, DACT3). No immunohistochemical expression of GP2, a marker of M-cell differentiation, was identified. Expression of CDX2, SATB2, and the DNA mismatch repair proteins was observed, while expression of both CK7 and CK20 was absent. No PD-L1 expression was present on tumor cells, but PD-L1 expression was noted in a subset of tumor-adjacent mononuclear cells. Overall, the findings suggest that GALT neoplasms, although morphologically distinct, may be a precursor or early form of typical sporadic colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Yaseen
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States
| | - Alexander Ladenheim
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States
| | - Kristin A Olson
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, United States
| | - John D McPherson
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, United States
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States.
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Valan A, Najid F, Chandran P, Abd Rahim AB, Chuah JA, Roslani AC. Distinctive Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Sabahan Indigenous Populations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:749-755. [PMID: 33773538 PMCID: PMC8286687 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaysia is an ethnically diverse nation, comprising Malay, Chinese, Indian and indigenous groups. However, epidemiological studies on colorectal cancer have mainly focused on the three main ethnic groups. There is evidence that the clinico-pathological characteristics of some cancers may differ in indigenous populations, namely that they occur earlier and behave more aggressively. We aimed to determine if there were similar differences in colorectal cancer, focusing on the indigenous populations of Sabah. Methods: Histopathological reports of all patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma from January 2012 to December 2016 from public hospitals in Sabah were retrieved from the central computerized database of the Pathology Department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Supplementary data was obtained from patients’ case files from each hospital. Clinico-pathological data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistical Software Version 23 for Windows for descriptive statistics (mean, median, ASR, AR, relative risk) and inferential statistics (Chi square test). Results: A total of 696 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age for colorectal cancer in Sabah was 62 years (95% CI 60.3 to 62.3), with an age specific incidence rate of 21.4 per 100 000 population. The age specific incidence rate in the indigenous populations was 26.6 per 100 000, much lower than the Chinese, at 65.0 per 100 000. The risk of colorectal cancer occurring before the age of 50 was three times higher in the indigenous population compared to the Chinese. The tumours were mainly left-sided (56.5%), adenocarcinoma in histology (98.4%) and moderately differentiated (88.7%). Approximately 79.2% of patients received curative treatment. Conclusion: Indigenous populations in Sabah develop colorectal cancer at an earlier age, and present at more advanced stages. This has implications for screening and therapeutic strategic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Valan
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Najid
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Chandran
- Department of Surgery, Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Jitt Aun Chuah
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Liu Y, Yue M, Li Z. FOSL1 promotes tumorigenesis in colorectal carcinoma by mediating the FBXL2/Wnt/β-catenin axis via Smurf1. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105405. [PMID: 33450386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CC), one of the most prevalent digestive cancers with high mortality and morbidity globally, still lacks powerful therapies to improve the prognosis. Here, we established that the expression of fos-like antigen-1 (Fosl1) was elevated in CC tissues versus adjacent tissues. Importantly, high Fosl1 expression was related to dismal prognosis among CC patients. Functional assays displayed that Fosl1 increased the viability, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of CC cells. Additionally, a xenograft assay showed that silencing of Fosl1 in CC cells retarded lung, liver and kidney metastases in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that Fosl1 was involved in malignant aggressiveness of CC cells by binding to smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1). Mechanistically, Smurf1-induced F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2) ubiquitination resulted in its degradation, while FBXL2 disrupted the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In summary, Fosl1 plays a pro-metastatic and carcinogenetic role in CC, and we provided forceful evidence that Fosl1 inhibition might act as a prognostic and therapeutic option in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Anorectal, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Colorecal & Anal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Colorectal and Stomach Cancer Surgery-1, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, PR China.
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Brand RE, Dudley B, Karloski E, Das R, Fuhrer K, Pai RK, Pai RK. Detection of DNA mismatch repair deficient crypts in random colonoscopic biopsies identifies Lynch syndrome patients. Fam Cancer 2020; 19:169-75. [PMID: 31997046 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-020-00161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated neoplasia is DNA mismatch repair protein (MMR) deficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated that histologically normal colonic crypts in patients with LS can exhibit deficient MMR expression. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of detecting MMR deficient crypts in random colonoscopic biopsies of normal mucosa in patients with and without LS. Forty-nine patients, including 33 with LS, 12 without LS, and 4 with germline MMR gene variants of uncertain significance (VUS), were prospectively and blindly evaluated by immunohistochemistry for MMR deficient crypts within random normal-appearing mucosal biopsies obtained during surveillance colonoscopy. MMR deficient crypts were identified in 70% (23/33) of patients with LS and in no patients without LS (0/12) (p < 0.001). MMR deficient crypts were identified with nearly equal frequency in both LS patients with and without a cancer history and were associated with germline variants in all four MMR genes and EPCAM. MMR deficient crypts were also identified in LS patients with a history of non-colorectal cancer types, including patients with endometrial cancer, skin sebaceous neoplasms, and renal cancer. Two of the four patients with germline MMR gene VUS had MMR deficient crypts. In conclusion, MMR deficient crypts are a specific biomarker of LS and can be identified in random normal mucosal biopsies in LS patients. Evaluation for MMR deficient crypts in colonoscopic biopsies of normal mucosa can help identify LS patients.
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Cizkova K, Koubova K, Foltynkova T, Jiravova J, Tauber Z. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as an Important Player in Intestinal Cell Differentiation. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 209:177-188. [PMID: 33588415 DOI: 10.1159/000512807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) may play a role in cell differentiation. sEH metabolizes biologically highly active and generally cytoprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by CYP epoxygenases (CYP2C and CYP2J subfamilies), to less active corresponding diols. We investigated the effect of sEH inhibitor (TPPU) on the expression of villin, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2J2, and sEH in undifferentiated and in vitro differentiated HT-29 and Caco2 cell lines. The administration of 10 μM TPPU on differentiated HT-29 and Caco2 cells resulted in a significant decrease in expression of villin, a marker for intestinal cell differentiation. It was accompanied by a disruption of the brush border when microvilli appeared sparse and short in atomic force microscope scans of HT-29 cells. Although inhibition of sEH in differentiated HT-29 and Caco2 cells led to an increase in sEH expression in both cell lines, this treatment had an opposite effect on CYP2J2 expression in HT-29 and Caco2 cells. In addition, tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues from 45 patients were immunostained for sEH and villin. We detected a significant decrease in the expression of both proteins in colorectal carcinoma in comparison to adjacent normal tissue, and the decrease in both sEH and villin expression revealed a moderate positive association. Taken together, our results showed that sEH is an important player in intestinal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Katerina Koubova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Foltynkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Jiravova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia,
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Hamid FB, Lu CT, Matos M, Cheng T, Gopalan V, Lam AK. Enumeration, characterisation and clinicopathological significance of circulating tumour cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2021; 254-255:48-57. [PMID: 33610860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of the study were to enumerate and characterise the circulating tumour cell (CTC) and cluster/micro-emboli (CTM) in blood from patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as well as to investigate their clinical relevance. METHODS Peripheral blood of six healthy donors (control) and sixty-two patients with CRC were collected to isolate CTCs by an immunomagnetic negative selection approach. EPCAM and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) antibodies were used to identify the CTCs. The size and the phenotypic variations were evaluated to characterise these isolated CTCs. Additionally, mRNA expressions of the CTCs and the corresponding primary carcinoma were assessed using a multi-gene panel to determine the cellular heterogeneities between CTCs and primary carcinoma. RESULTS We detected CTCs and CTMs in 72% (41/57) and 32% (18/57) of the patients with CRC, respectively. The total number and length were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in the CTCs than the CTMs. CTCs, especially EPCAMPositiveCK18Posositve subclones, were detected more in the patients with advanced pathological cancer stages when compared to those with early cancer stages (mean: 12.5 vs 4.0, p=0.0068). mRNA profiling of CTCs unveiled three different CTC subtypes expressing epithelial, epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness signatures, which were different from those of the primary carcinoma. The expressions of EPCAM, HRAS, BRAF, TP53, SLUG, TWIST1, CD44 and MMP9 of CTCs were altered when compared to the primary tumours in patients with CRC. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into the biology of the CTC, presence of heterogeneous CTC populations in CRC and differential expression of genes in different pathological stages of CTC which can improve the management of patients with CRC.
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Molnár Z, Bánlaki Z, Somogyi A, Herold Z, Herold M, Guttman A, Rónai Z, Keszler G. Diabetes-specific Modulation of Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Signatures in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:773-780. [PMID: 32364075 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200504084626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are both known to modulate gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). OBJECTIVE As T2DM has been shown to increase the incidence of CRC, we were prompted to check whether diabetes affects mRNA signatures in PBLs isolated from CRC patients. METHODS Twenty-two patients were recruited to the study and classified into four cohorts (healthy controls; T2DM; CRC; CRC and T2DM). Relative expression levels of 573 cell signaling gene transcripts were determined by reverse transcription real-time PCR assays run on low-density OpenArray platforms. Enrichment analysis was performed with the g:GOSt profiling tool to order differentially expressed genes into functional pathways. RESULTS 49 genes were found to be significantly up- or downregulated in tumorous diabetic individuals as compared to tumor-free diabetic controls, while 11 transcripts were differentially regulated in patients with CRC versus healthy, tumor-free and nondiabetic controls. Importantly, these gene sets were completely distinct, implying that diabetes exerts a profound influence on the transcription of signaling genes in CRC. The top 5 genes showing the most significant expression differences in both contexts were PCK2, MAPK9, CCND1, HMBS, TLR3 (p≤0.0040) and CREBBP, PPIA, NFKBIL1, MDM2 and SELPLG (p≤0.0121), respectively. Functional analysis revealed that most significantly affected pathways were cytokine, interleukin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades as well as mitotic regulation. CONCLUSION We propose that differentially expressed genes listed above might be potential biomarkers of CRC and should be studied further on larger patient groups. Diabetes might promote colorectal carcinogenesis by impairing signaling pathways in PBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Molnár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horvath Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Keszler
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sui J, Wu X, Wang C, Wang G, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xiang J, Xu Y, Nian W, Cao F, Yu G, Lou Z, Hao L, Liu L, Li B, Zhang Z, Cai S, Liu H, Lan P, Zhang W. Discovery and validation of methylation signatures in blood-based circulating tumor cell-free DNA in early detection of colorectal carcinoma: a case-control study. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:26. [PMID: 33536049 PMCID: PMC7856810 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) would help to identify tumors when curative treatments are available and beneficial. However, current screening methods for CRC, e.g., colonoscopy, may affect patients' compliance due to the uncomfortable, invasive and time-consuming process. In recent decades, methylation profiles of blood-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have shown promising results in the early detection of multiple tumors. Here we conducted a study to investigate the performance of ctDNA methylation markers in early detection of CRC. RESULTS In total, 742 participants were enrolled in the study including CRC (n = 332), healthy control (n = 333), benign colorectal disease (n = 65) and advanced adenoma (n = 12). After age-matched and randomization, 298 participants (149 cancer and 149 healthy control) were included in training set and 141 (67 cancer and 74 healthy control) were in test set. In the training set, the specificity was 89.3% (83.2-93.7%) and the sensitivity was 88.6% (82.4-93.2%). In terms of different stages, the sensitivities were 79.4% (62.1-91.2%) in patients with stage I, 88.9% (77.3-95.8%) in patients with stage II, 91.4% (76.9-98.2%) in patients with stage III and 96.2% (80.3-99.9%) in patients with stage IV. Similar results were validated in the test set with the specificity of 91.9% (83.1-97.0%) and sensitivity of 83.6% (72.5-91.6%). Sensitivities for stage I-III were 87.0% (79.7-92.4%) in the training set and 82.5% (70.2-91.3%) in the test set, respectively. In the unmatched total population, the positive ratios were 7.8% (5.2-11.2%) in healthy control, 30.8% (19.9-43.5%) in benign colorectal disease and 58.3% (27.5-84.7%) in advanced adenoma, while the sensitivities of stage I-IV were similar with training and test sets. Compared with methylated SEPT9 model, the present model had higher sensitivity (87.0% [81.8-91.2%] versus 41.2% [34.6-48.1%], P < 0.001) under comparable specificity (90.1% [85.4-93.7%] versus 90.6% [86.0-94.1%]). CONCLUSIONS Together our findings showed that ctDNA methylation markers were promising in the early detection of CRC. Further validation of this model is warranted in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Sui
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road No. 26, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | | | | | | | - Jing Zhao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yu Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Phase I Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guanyu Yu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liqiang Hao
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingsi Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Hao Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road No. 26, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road No.168, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Onwe EE, Ghani FA, Abdullah M, Osman M, Zin RRM, Vivian AN, Mohtarrudin N. Predictive Potential of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC Expressions in Treatment Outcome of Colorectal Carcinoma. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1292:97-112. [PMID: 32542457 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin in the large bowel. The elucidation of the biological functions of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) biomarkers including their roles in the pathophysiology of CRC - has led to their applications in diagnostic and chemo-pharmaceutics. We investigated whether PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC protein expression in CRC tumors are predictive biomarkers of treatment outcome for CRC patients. The expressions of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 91 paraffin-embedded samples from patients who underwent colectomy procedure in Hospital Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. There was high expression of DCC in most cases: 84.6% (77/91). PD-L1 showed low expression in 93.4% (86/91) of cases and high expression in 6.6% (5/91) of cases. Low and high expressions of TYMS were detected in 53.8% (49/91) and 46.2% (42/91) of the CRC cases, respectively. There was a significant association between the TYMS expression and gender (P < 0.05); the expression of TYMS was observed at a high level in 76.2% of males and in 23.8% of females. The mean overall survival (OS) was 100 months for the CRC patients evaluated. The OS for patients with high expression of PD-L1 was 22 months. Patients with high expression of TYMS and DCC showed OS of 90 and 96 months, respectively. The results from this study suggest that PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC expression could be used as biomarkers to stratify CRC patients who could benefit from adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenyi Emeka Onwe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Arimokwu Nimbi Vivian
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Huang C, Gu X, Zeng X, Chen B, Yu W, Chen M. Cetuximab versus bevacizumab following prior FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab in postmenopausal women with advanced KRAS and BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 33413175 PMCID: PMC7789412 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An upgraded understanding of factors (sex/estrogen) associated with survival benefit in advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) could improve personalised management and provide innovative insights into anti-tumour mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of cetuximab (CET) versus bevacizumab (BEV) following prior 12 cycles of fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) plus BEV in postmenopausal women with advanced KRAS and BRAF wild-type (wt) CRC. METHODS Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed from 2013 to 2017 to assess postmenopausal women with advanced KRAS and BRAF wt CRC who received up to 12 cycles of FOLFOXIRI plus BEV inductive treatment, followed by CET or BEV maintenance treatment. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate. The secondary endpoint was the rate of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS At a median follow-up of 27.0 months (IQR 25.1-29.2), significant difference was detected in median OS (17.7 months [95% confidence interval [CI], 16.2-18.6] for CET vs. 11.7 months [95% CI, 10.4-12.8] for BEV; hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.89; p=0.007); Median PFS was 10.7 months (95% CI, 9.8-11.3) for CET vs. 8.4 months (95% CI, 7.2-9.6) for BEV (HR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.94; p=0.02). Dose reduction due to intolerable AEs occurred in 29 cases (24 [24.0%] for CET vs. 5 [4.8%] for BEV; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CET tends to be superior survival benefit when compared with BEV, with tolerated AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shibei Hospital of Shanghai, No. 4500, Goughexin Road, Jing’ an District, Shanghai, 200443 China
| | - Xianshang Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Baomin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Weiguang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Meiji Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Srivastava P, Husain N, Shukla S, Chauhan S, Pandey A, Masood S. PD-L1 Expression in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters, microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:490-496. [PMID: 34341259 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_521_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context : Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is the key inhibitor of the cytotoxic immune response thus causing progression of tumors and adverse prognosis in many malignancies. Objective The current study investigates PD-L1 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters, microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation. Material and Methods 110 cases of colorectal carcinoma were evaluated for PD-L1 expression using SP263 clone in tissue microarray. Clinico-pathological characteristics and survival data were correlated with PD-L1 expression analyzed at different cut-offs of ≥1%, ≥10% and ≥50% in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes along with its correlation with BRAF expression and microsatellite instability status in these cases. Results Mean age was 49 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. 52.7% cases presented with stage 3/4 disease and 14.7% with >10 cm tumor size. Tumor cells expressed PD-L1 in 40% and TILs in 45.4% cases at a cut off of ≥1% was 17.3%, at ≥10% was 15.5% and at ≥50% was 7.3%. Significant association was seen between tumor proportion score (TPS) and increasing age, histological type, histological grade, tumor size, higher T stage (p = 0.03), TILs (p = 0.04), lymph vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. PDL-1 correlated with BRAF expression and microsatellite instability (MLH-1/PMS-2 expression loss). The overall survival was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with negative PDL1 expression in cases of colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions Immunotherapy may be used as potential therapeutic option in colorectal carcinoma cases showing microsatellite instability and BRAF mutations which show poor response to conventional chemotherapy regimen and anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Chauhan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shakeel Masood
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wiesmueller F, Schuetz R, Langheinrich M, Brunner M, Weber GF, Grützmann R, Merkel S, Krautz C. Defining early recurrence in patients with resected primary colorectal carcinoma and its respective risk factors. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:1181-1191. [PMID: 33449131 PMCID: PMC8119399 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no evidence-based definition of early recurrence following resection of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study is to define a point that discriminates between early and late recurrence in patients who have undergone colorectal cancer resection with curative intent and to analyze associated risk factors. METHODS A retrospective single-center cohort study was performed at a university hospital recognized as a comprehensive cancer center, specializing in colorectal cancer surgery. Patient data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Included patients underwent resection for primary, non-metastatic colorectal carcinomas with curative intent between 1995 and 2010. Aims of the study were (1) to define the optimal cut-off point of recurrence-free survival based on overall survival using a minimum p value approach and (2) to identify patterns of initial recurrence and putative risk factors for early recurrence using regression models. RESULTS Recurrence was diagnosed in 412 of 1893 patients. Statistical analysis suggested that a recurrence-free survival of 16 months could be used to distinguish between early and late recurrence based on overall survival (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for early recurrence included advanced pT categories (pT3,4/ypT3,4) and positive lymph node status (pN+/ypN+). Early recurrence was independent of site of recurrence and was associated with worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Recurrence of colorectal carcinoma within 16 months after primary treatment should be labeled as "early." Tumor categories pT3,4/ypT3,4 and positive lymph node status pN+/ypN+ are predictive of early recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wiesmueller
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schuetz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Langheinrich
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Krautz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Das P, Mehra L. Applicability and interpretation of HER2/Neu & PD-L1 stains in gastrointestinal tract tumours. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S2-S3. [PMID: 34135132 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_260_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The luminal gastrointestinal tract carcinomas are one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. To improve overall survival, the current trend is to combine targeted therapeutic agents with conventional chemotherapies. Major trials have shown survival benefits with this approach and many more trials are being undertaken. However, pathologists often get perplexed by different methods of interpretation and reporting of these stains, vital for deciding therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalita Mehra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Al-Maghrabi J. Loss of expression of Syndecan-1 is associated with Tumor Recurrence, Metastatic Potential, and Poor Survival in patients with Colorectal carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:114-120. [PMID: 33437261 PMCID: PMC7794120 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.1.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The loss of expression of syndecansyndecan-1 is associated with poor prognosis in many types of human cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between syndecan-1 immunoexpression and several clinicopathological parameters in a subset of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. METHODS Pathology tissue blocks of 202 primary tumors, 41 adenomas, and 37 normal colonic mucosae were used in this study. The cases diagnosed in the period 1995-2015 was included in the study. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed using anti-CD138/syndecan-1 (B-A38) mouse monoclonal antibody. A semiquantitative method was used to score the syndecan-1 expression based on an evaluation of the percentage and intensity of the membranous and cytoplasmic expression. The data collected from Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted from July 2018 until August 2019. RESULTS Loss of syndecan-1 immunoexpression was observed in 72 (42.6%), 5 (12.2%), and 3 (8.1%) cases of CRC, adenomas, and normal mucosae, respectively. Low expression of syndecan-1 showed an association with nodal (p=0.003) and distant (p=0.001) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), and tumor recurrence (p=0.006). Low syndecan-1 expression were associated with short overall survival (OS) (log rank 4.019, p=0.045) and disease-free survival (DFS) probabilities (log rank 4.748, p=0.029). CONCLUSION Loss of syndecan-1 immunoexpression is associated with metastatic potential, tumor recurrence and shorter survival in CRC and is considered a potential biomarker of poor prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, MD, FRCPC, FCAP. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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YANG Z, ZHANG X, MA J, JIN L, HE X. [Expression of tumor-associated vascular insulin receptor in colorectal cancer and its relationship with tumor pathological features]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:725-731. [PMID: 33448175 PMCID: PMC10412422 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of tumor associated vascular insulin receptor (TVIR) in colorectal cancer with or without metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationship with the pathological features of colorectal cancer. METHODS The expression of TVIR in 220 colorectal cancer specimens was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the expression of TVIR and the pathological features (pathological subtypes, histological grade, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage) of colorectal cancer with/without MS were analyzed. RESULTS The insulin receptor expression was observed in colorectal cancer tissue or border area between cancer and normal tissue, but not in normal intestinal tissue. The high-expression rates of TVIR in MS group was remarkably lower than that of non-MS group (21.6%vs. 41.0%, P< 0.05). TVIR high expression was significantly associated with tumor deep invasion, lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed high-expression of TVIR to be significantly associated with risk of deep invasion (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.10-4.44, P<0.05), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.26-3.86, P<0.01) and high TNM stage (OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.19-3.63, P<0.05). Such associations can be observed in patients without MS, but not in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS s: High-expression of TVIR is associated with aggressive pathological features such as invasion, lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage of colorectal cancer, especially for those patients without MS. TVIR could be a useful biological marker for prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Erlenbach-Wünsch K. [Histomorphological and molecular-pathological prognostic factors in colorectal cancer]. Pathologe 2020; 41:70-75. [PMID: 33320288 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinomas are the second most common cancer and cause of cancer death in Germany for both men and women. Different aspects of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular pathological prognostic factors of colorectal carcinomas and their precursors were investigated. We demonstrated the prognostic relevance and importance of a precise classification of pericolonic tumor deposits (PTDs) in the pT category of the TNM classification. Furthermore, we demonstrated that patients with regional lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal carcinomas with ypN0 status do not have a worse prognosis than patients without signs of preoperative lymph node metastases.Molecular pathological examinations of so-called serrated colorectal fibroblastic polyps as possible precursor lesions of colorectal carcinomas showed that their epithelial area represents a true neoplastic component and thus allows for their consideration in the context of a risk assessment for colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Erlenbach-Wünsch
- Pathologisches Institut, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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Wang X, Almoallim HS, Cui Q, Alharbi SA, Yang H. In situ decorated Au NPs on chitosan-encapsulated Fe 3O 4-NH 2 NPs as magnetic nanocomposite: Investigation of its anti-colon carcinoma, anti-gastric cancer and anti-pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 171:198-207. [PMID: 33310102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide and non-toxic bioactive polymer with a wide variety of applications due to its functional properties such as ease of modification, and biodegradability. In this investigation, magnetic cores (Fe3O4) were synthesized using a fabrication method involving coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+. Then the magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated by chitosan layers. In the next step, magnetite-gold composite nanoparticles were synthesized with spherical shapes and sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm, using sodium citrate as a natural reducing agent. The morphological and physicochemical features of the material were determined using several advanced techniques like FT-IR, ICP analysis, FESEM, EDS, XRD, TEM, XPS and VSM. In the biological part of the present study, the cell viability of Fe3O4, HAuCl4, and Fe3O4@CS/AuNPs was very low against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, and HT-29, human gastric cancer cell lines i.e. MKN45, AGS, and KATO III, and human pancreatic cancer cell lines i.e. PANC-1, AsPC-1, and MIA PaCa-2. The IC50 of Fe3O4@CS/AuNPs against Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, HT-29, MKN45, AGS, KATO III, PANC-1, AsPC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines were 385, 429, 264, 286, 442, 498, 561, 513, 528, and 425 μg/mL, respectively. Thereby, the best cytotoxicity results of our Fe3O4@CS/AuNPs were observed in the case of the HCT 116 cell line. Seemingly, the present nanoparticles may be used for the treatment of several types of gastro-duodenal cancers especially colon, gastric, and pancreatic cancers in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box-60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingli Cui
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China.
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Ke B, Ye K, Cheng S. ALKBH2 inhibition alleviates malignancy in colorectal cancer by regulating BMI1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:328. [PMID: 33302959 PMCID: PMC7731553 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The alkB homolog 2, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (ALKBH2) gene is involved in DNA repair and is expressed in different types of malignancies. However, the role of ALKBH2 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of ALKBH2 and its function in CRC. Methods The expression levels of ALKBH2 in CRC tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR. Following that, the role of ALKBH2 in cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells (Caco-2 and LOVO) were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell assays, and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of ALKBH2 on B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and downstream NF-κB pathway was determined by Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. Results The expression of ALKBH2 was significantly upregulated both in CRC tissues and cells. Further experiments demonstrated that reduction of ALKBH2 suppressed Caco-2 and LOVO cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, ALKBH2 knockdown also suppressed EMT, which increased E-cadherin expression and reduced N-cadherin expression. Besides, ALKBH2 silencing inhibited BMI1 expression and reduced nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB p65 protein, as well as the luciferase activity of NF-κB p65. Upregulation of BMI1 reversed the effect of ALKBH2 knockdown on the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that suppression of ALKBH2 alleviates malignancy in CRC by regulating BMI1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway. ALKBH2 may serve as a potential treatment target for human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Kejun Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zheng H, Yu S, Zhu C, Guo T, Liu F, Xu Y. HIF1α promotes tumor chemoresistance via recruiting GDF15-producing TAMs in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112394. [PMID: 33242463 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a tremendous challenge to efficacy of systemic chemotherapy which is the preferred treatment for the advanced CRC patients. More tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recruited into the CRC tumor under chemotherapy, which are highly implicated in the chemoresistance development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we present that activated HIF1α signaling in CRC cells under chemotherapy drives the expression of HMGB1to promotes macrophage infiltration and in turn chemoresistance development. Chemotherapeutic treatment with 5-FU leads to increased recruitment of macrophages into tumors, which display tumor-protective alternative activation. Mechanistically, tumor HIF1α signaling activated by chemo-induced ROS drives the transcription of HMGB1 to promote more macrophage infiltration into CRC tumor. Furthermore, high levels of GDF15 produced by TAMs impair the chemosensitity of tumor cells via enhancing fatty acids β-oxidation. Together, our current study reveals a new insight into the cross-talking between tumor cells and immune cells, and provides novel drug targets for clinic treatments for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtu Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Rivera M, Fichtner I, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Sers C, Merk J, Patone G, Alp KM, Kanashova T, Mertins P, Hoffmann J, Stein U, Walther W. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as a platform for chemosensitivity and biomarker analysis in personalized medicine. Neoplasia 2021; 23:21-35. [PMID: 33212364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models represent a valuable platform for identifying new biomarkers and novel targets, to evaluate therapy response and resistance mechanisms. This study aimed at establishment, characterization and therapy testing of colorectal carcinoma-derived PDX. We generated 49 PDX and validated identity between patient tumor and corresponding PDX. Sensitivity of PDX toward conventional and targeted drugs revealed that 92% of PDX responded toward irinotecan, 45% toward 5-FU, 65% toward bevacizumab, and 61% toward cetuximab. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands correlated to the sensitivity toward cetuximab. Proto-oncogene B-RAF, EGFR, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog gene copy number correlated positively with cetuximab and erlotinib sensitivity. The mutational analyses revealed an individual mutational profile of PDX and mainly identical profiles of PDX from primary tumor vs corresponding metastasis. Mutation in PIK3CA was a determinant of accelerated tumor doubling time. PDX with wildtype Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog, proto-oncogene B-RAF, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseM catalytic subunit alfa showed higher sensitivity toward cetuximab and erlotinib. To study the molecular mechanism of cetuximab resistance, cetuximab resistant PDX models were generated, and changes in HER2, HER3, betacellulin, transforming growth factor alfa were observed. Global proteome and phosphoproteome profiling showed a reduction in canonical EGFR-mediated signaling via PTPN11 (SHP2) and AKT1S1 (PRAS40) and an increase in anti-apoptotic signaling as a consequence of acquired cetuximab resistance. This demonstrates that PDX models provide a multitude of possibilities to identify and validate biomarkers, signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms for clinically relevant improvement in cancer therapy.
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Peruhova M, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Krastev B, Panayotova G, Georgieva V, Konakchieva R, Nikolaev G, Velikova TV. What could microRNA expression tell us more about colorectal serrated pathway carcinogenesis? World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6556-6571. [PMID: 33268946 PMCID: PMC7673963 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i42.6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the vision of a unique carcinogenesis model for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has completely changed. In addition to the adenoma to carcinoma transition, colorectal carcinogenesis can also occur via the serrated pathway. Small non-coding RNA, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), were also shown to be involved in progression towards malignancy. Furthermore, increased expression of certain miRNAs in premalignant sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) was found, emphasizing their role in the serrated pathway progression towards colon cancer. Since miRNAs function as post-transcriptional gene regulators, they have enormous potential to be used as useful biomarkers for CRC and screening in patients with SSLs particularly. In this review, we have summarized the most relevant information about the specific role of miRNAs and their relevant signaling pathways among different serrated lesions and polyps as well as in serrated adenocarcinoma. Additional focus is put on the correlation between gut immunity and miRNA expression in the serrated pathway, which remains unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Peruhova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Boris Krastev
- Department of Clinical Oncology, MHAT Hospital for Women Health Nadezhda, Sofia 1330, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Panayotova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Viktoriya Georgieva
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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Kou T, Sha D, Wang F, He T, He X. The Novel Target of Colorectal Carcinoma: TRIM44 Regulates Cell Migration and Invasion via Activation of CXCR4/NF-κB Signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:113-21. [PMID: 33151473 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing 44 (TRIM44) has been reported to regulate various biological effects in malignant cancers and matrix Metalloproteinases has been demonstrated to be associated with cancer cell migration and invasion. Nonetheless, the expression and molecular mechanism of TRIM44 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain rarely known. TRIM44 was overexpressed or knocked down in CRC cells. Subsequently, the effects of TRIM44 on cell migration and invasion as well as underlying molecular mechanisms were detected. Data showed that TRIM44 was highly expressed in CRC cell lines. Downregulation of TRIM44 inhibited the cell viability, migration, and invasion in SW-480 cells. In addition, overexpression of TRIM44 enhanced the expression of NF-κB and CXCR4, and enhanced the binding between NF-κB and CXCR4 promoter region. In summarize, TRIM44 may serve as a potential target for CRC diagnosis and progression.
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Cai J, Zhu W, Lin Y, Hu J, Liu X, Xu W, Liu Y, Hu C, He S, Gong S, Yan G, Liang J. Lonidamine potentiates the oncolytic efficiency of M1 virus independent of hexokinase 2 but via inhibition of antiviral immunity. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:532. [PMID: 33292203 PMCID: PMC7607643 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on host cells to provide the energy and molecular precursors necessary for successful infection. The main component of virus-induced metabolic reprogramming is the activation of glycolysis, which provides biomolecular resources for viral replication. However, little is known about the crosstalk between oncolytic viruses and host glycolytic processes. Methods A MTT assay was used to detect M1 virus-induced cell killing. Flow cytometry was used to monitor infection of M1 virus expressing the GFP reporter gene. qPCR and western blotting were used to detect gene expression. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate gene expression under different drug treatments. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to visualize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Caspase activity was detected. Last, a mouse xenograft model was established to evaluate the antitumor effect in vivo. Most data were analyzed with a two-tailed Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test for pairwise comparisons. Tumor volumes were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare nonnormally distributed data. Results Here, we showed that the glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) inhibited infection by M1 virus, which we identified as a novel type of oncolytic virus, and decreased its oncolytic effect, indicating the dependence of M1 replication on glycolysis. In contrast, lonidamine, a reported hexokinase 2 (HK2) inhibitor, enhanced the infection and oncolytic effect of M1 virus independent of HK2. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that downregulation of the antiviral immune response contributes to the lonidamine-mediated potentiation of the infection and oncolytic effect of M1 virus, and that MYC is the key factor in the pool of antiviral immune response factors inhibited by lonidamine. Moreover, lonidamine potentiated the irreversible ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by M1 virus. Enhancement of M1′s oncolytic effect by lonidamine was also identified in vivo. Conclusions This research demonstrated the dependence of M1 virus on glycolysis and identified a candidate synergist for M1 virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wencang Xu
- Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Songmin He
- Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Shoufang Gong
- Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Becker DJ, Iyengar AD, Punekar SR, Kaakour D, Griffin M, Nicholson J, Gold HT. Diabetes mellitus and colorectal carcinoma outcomes: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1989-1999. [PMID: 32564124 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes remains unknown. We studied this by conducting a meta-analysis to evaluate (1) CRC outcomes with and without DM and (2) treatment patterns. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CINAHL for full-text English studies from 1970 to 12/31/2017. We searched keywords, subject headings, and MESH terms to locate studies of CRC outcomes/treatment and DM. Studies were evaluated by two oncologists. Of 14,332, 48 met inclusion criteria. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, we extracted study location, design, DM definition, covariates, comparison groups, outcomes, and relative risks and/or hazard ratios. We utilized a random-effects model to pool adjusted risk estimates. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality (ACM), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The secondary outcome was treatment patterns. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were included, 42 in the meta-analysis, and 6 in the descriptive analysis, totaling > 240,000 patients. ACM was 21% worse (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15-1.28) and DFS was 75% worse (OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.33-2.31) in patients with DM. No differences were detected in CSS (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98-1.23) or RFS (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91-1.38). Descriptive analysis of treatment patterns in CRC and DM suggested potentially less adjuvant therapy use in cases with DM and CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that patients with CRC and DM have worse ACM and DFS than patients without DM, suggesting that non-cancer causes of death in may account for worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Becker
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Arjun D Iyengar
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Salman R Punekar
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Dalia Kaakour
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Megan Griffin
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joseph Nicholson
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Heather T Gold
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Miyake H, Murono K, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Maki H, Hasegawa K, Nakajima J, Ishihara S. Impact of Surgical Resection on Metachronous Metastases of Colorectal Cancer According to Tumor Doubling Time. In Vivo 2020; 34:3367-3374. [PMID: 33144444 PMCID: PMC7811596 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of tumor doubling time (DT) and radical surgery when classified by DT in patients with metachronous liver, lung, or peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the data of 1941 patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC and calculated DT for recurrences using computed tomography. RESULTS Short DT was an independent prognostic risk factor in liver (p<0.001) and peritoneal (p=0.03) metastases. Survival was significantly better in patients who underwent surgery than in those who did not, both in short and long DT groups in any metastatic organ (p<0.01). Patients with long DT gained significantly better prognostic benefit from surgery than those with short DT in liver (p=0.01) and peritoneal (p=0.04) metastases. CONCLUSION Surgery is recommended for resectable metastases, especially in patients with liver and peritoneal metastases with long DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miyake
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harufumi Maki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Karakurt S, AbuŞoĞlu G, Arituluk ZC. Comparison of anticarcinogenic properties of Viburnum opulus and its active compound p-coumaric acid on human colorectal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:252-263. [PMID: 33110363 PMCID: PMC7585157 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2002-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents and the highly toxic side effects of synthetic drugs has spurred new research in the treatment of colon cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality ratios. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic properties of methanol extract of Viburnum opulus L. (EVO)and its main active compound, trans-p -coumaric acid ( p -CA), on human colon cancer cells (DLD-1, HT-29, SW-620, Caco-2) and healthy colon epithelial cells (CCD-18Co). The effects of EVO on controlled cell death (apoptosis) and the cell division cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Alteration in mRNA and protein expressions of switch genes in colorectal carcinoma (APC, MLH1, TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, and BRAF) were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Our results show that EVO possesses a strong reducing capacity and free-radical scavenging activity. HPLC analyses prove that p -CAis the main compound of EVO. EVO and p -CA inhibit the proliferation of human colon cancer cells DLD-1 and HT-29 in a dose-dependent manner. EVO increases apoptosis of DLD-1 cells and halts the cell cycle in the G2 stage in HT-29 cells. mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and SMAD-4 are upregulated, while BRAFs are downregulated. The results were directly proportional to p -CA. EVO and p -CA up- and downregulate switch genes and protein expressions of DLD-1 cells, which alter the expression of 186 other genes. This is the first study of pharmacological exploration of V.opulus in human colon cancer. Its antiproliferative effects may be due to the presence of p -CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya Turkey
| | - Gülsüm AbuŞoĞlu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health, Selçuk University, Konya Turkey
| | - Zekiye Ceren Arituluk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
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Xu W, Chen B, Ke D, Chen X. MicroRNA-138-5p targets the NFIB-Snail1 axis to inhibit colorectal cancer cell migration and chemoresistance. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:475. [PMID: 33013202 PMCID: PMC7528477 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer ranks among the most lethal diseases worldwide. Although much progress has been made in research and treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years, the underlying mechanisms related to migration of the cancer cells and the reason for chemoresistance still remain unclear. In this research, we explored the underlying effect of miR-138-5p in colorectal cancer. Methods We used qRT-PCR to investigate the expression of miR-138-5p, Snail1, NFIB in colorectal cancer cells. Lentiviral vectors containing miR-138-5p mimics and inhibitors were constructed and transfected cells. Wound healing assay was applied to illustrate interferences on cell migration. Fluorouracial, doxorubicin, cisplat in were used to detect chemotherapy resistance. In order to identify target genes, bioinformatic methods were applied. Snail1 and NFIB protein expression in stable cell lines was detected using Western blot. Double luciferase and CHIP experiment were used to verify binding sites. We used rescue experiments to further explore the interactions among Snail1, NFIB and miR-138-5p. Results The expression of miR-138-5p in colorectal cancer cells was low. miR-138-5p inhibited cell migration in colorectal cancer, and could negatively regulate chemotherapy resistance. miR-138-5p targeted NFIB, and regulated Snail1 expression, which mediated colorectal cancer cell migration and chemotherapy resistance. Conclusions Our research indicates that miR-138-5p could be a crucial modulator controlling colorectal cancer cell migration and chemoresistance, by acting upon the NFIB-Snail1 axis. miR-138-5p has an emerging prospect to be exploited as a new target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Dianshan Ke
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008 Henan People's Republic of China
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Hacking S, Nasim R, Lee L, Vitkovski T, Thomas R, Shaffer E, Nasim M. Whole slide imaging and colorectal carcinoma: A validation study for tumor budding and stromal differentiation. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153233. [PMID: 33068916 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whole slide imaging (WSI) has recently received FDA approval for sign out in surgical pathology and some anticipate this to mature into the gold standard. During this transition, it will be important to validate WSI for its intended use. And many studies have validated whole slide imaging by comparing diagnostic accuracy with that of conventual light microscopy (CLM); however, the assessment of histopathologic markers is prone to much more discrepancy. One of the best examples being tumor-bud scoring in colorectal carcinoma. Other signatures, including stromal differentiation or desmoplastic reaction; could better represent the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The findings in our study suggest stromal differentiation on both digital and glass slides to be much more reproducible (0.3585-0.9368) when compared to tumor budding (0.0968-0.7871). When comparing interobserver variation between glass and digital slides for three observers; stromal differentiation was more reliable on glass slides (0.4492), when compared to its digital counterpart (0.3016). On the other hand, interobserver variation for tumor bud scoring was more reliable on digital (0.1661), than glass slides (0.1026). Overall, there is significant variation between different observers and reproducibility issues present on conventual light microscopy transfer to digital slides. Although it is possible that too much emphasis is being placed on the concordance of WSI with CLM. In future, applications in artificial intelligence may be key to diagnostic precision and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hacking
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States.
| | | | - Lili Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States
| | - Taisia Vitkovski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States
| | - Rebecca Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States
| | - Emily Shaffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States
| | - Mansoor Nasim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, United States
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Diers J, Baum P, Matthes H, Germer CT, Wiegering A. Mortality and complication management after surgery for colorectal cancer depending on the DKG minimum amounts for hospital volume. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:850-857. [PMID: 33020007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The German Cancer Society ("Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft"; DKG) certifies on a volunteer base colorectal cancer centers based on, among other things, minimum operative amounts (at least 30 oncological colon cancer resections and 20 oncological rectal cancer resections per year). In this work, nationwide hospital mortality and death after documented complications ('Failure to Rescue' = FtR) were evaluated depending on the fulfillment of the minimum amounts. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of the nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2012-2017). Categorization is based on the DKG minimum quantities (fully, partially or not fulfilled). RESULTS Of 287,227 patients analyzed, 56.5% were operated in centers that met the DKG minimum amounts. The overall hospital mortality rate was 5.0%. In centers which met the minimum quantities, it was significantly lower (4.3%) than in hospitals which partially (5.7%) or not (6.2%) met the minimum quantities. The risk-adjusted hospital mortality rate for patients in hospitals who meet the minimum amount was 20% lower (OR 0.80; 95% CI [0.74-0.87], p < 0.001). For complications, both surgical and non-surgical, there was an unadjusted and adjusted lower FtR in hospitals that met the minimum amounts (e.g. anastomotic leak: 11.2% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001; pulmonary artery embolism 21.3% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a 1/3 lower mortality and FtR rate after surgery for a colon or rectal cancer in centers fulfilling the DKG minimum amounts. The presented data implicate that there is an urgent need for a nationwide centralization program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Diers
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany; Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Baum
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Matthes
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Center, Josef-Schneiderstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg Medical Center, Josef-Schneiderstr. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Abouelkhair MB, Mabrouk SH, Zaki SSA, Nada OH, Hakim SA. The Diagnostic Value of Cadherin 17 and CDX2 Expression as Immunohistochemical Markers in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:960-969. [PMID: 32929682 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Although the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is straightforward in primary site, yet it may represent a diagnostic problem in metastatic tumor of unknown primary origin. Hence, immunohistochemical analysis in combination with morphologic assessment and correlation with clinical data becomes crucial, because it is important to specify the primary site of metastasis since some specific tumor types may respond well to targeted molecular therapies. Therefore, establishment of reliable diagnostic markers that confirm or rule out colorectal origin is mandatory. AIM To study the expression of cadherin 17 and CDX2 in colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate their diagnostic roles in identifying metastatic colonic from non-colonic adenocarcinomas in cancer of unknown primary site. DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective study included 65 cases of adenocarcinomas: 35 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma (primary or metastatic) and 30 cases of non-colorectal adenocarcinoma. They were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department of Ain Shams University and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospitals during the period from 2010 to 2015. Immunohistochemical study was performed using cadherin 17 and CDX2 antibodies. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of CDX2 and cadherin 17 are 97.1% and 53.3% and 100% and 50% in detecting colonic adenocarcinoma respectively. The PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of CDX2 versus cadherin 17 were 70.8%, 94.1%, and 76.9% versus 70%, 100%, and 76.9% respectively. CONCLUSION Cadherin 17 is a more sensitive marker than CDX2 in diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary site especially when colorectal carcinoma is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Abouelkhair
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Shadia H Mabrouk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Sahar S A Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Ola H Nada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Sarah A Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt.
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Miyake H, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Sasaki K, Kaneko M, Murono K, Emoto S, Ishii H, Sonoda H, Ishihara S. Less intensive surveillance after radical surgery for stage I-III colorectal cancer by focusing on the doubling time of recurrence. Surg Today 2020; 51:550-560. [PMID: 32935208 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a new and improved surveillance schedule for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by focusing on the recurrence rate, resectability, and especially, the tumor doubling time (DT) of recurrent tumors. METHODS The subjects of this retrospective review were 1774 consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery for stage I-III CRC between January, 2004 and December, 2015. We calculated the DT by measuring the tumor diameter using computed tomography (CT). RESULTS The median DT for recurrences in the liver, lung, peritoneum, and other locations were 35, 72, 85, and 36 days, respectively, (p < 0.001) and tumor growth rates differed according to the organs where recurrence developed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the DT was strongly associated with the relapse-free interval from primary surgery (p < 0.001), and that the DT in patients with recurrence detected ≥ 3 years after primary surgery was longer by 151.1 days than that in patients with recurrence detected within 1 year after primary surgery. We proposed a less intensive surveillance, which achieved an average cost reduction of 32.5% compared with conventional surveillance in Japan. CONCLUSION We propose a new and more cost-efficient surveillance schedule for CRC surgery patients in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miyake
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manabu Kaneko
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishii
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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143
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Kumar A, Singh P, Pandey A, Gosipatala SB. IGFBP3 gene promoter methylation analysis and its association with clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6919-6927. [PMID: 32929656 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Promoter methylation mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tumor suppressor gene, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression is frequently downregulated in CRC due to promoter methylations. The aim of this study was to analyze the methylation status of IGFBP-3 gene promoter in stage II and III of CRC cases; find its association with clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients and the methylation patterns as a prognostic biomarker. 58 histopathologically confirmed cases of CRC were included in the study. Methylation status of IGFBP-3 gene promoter was determined by using methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and univariate cox regression analysis were used for survival analysis; Chi-square test used for association analysis. IGFBP3 promoter methylation was found in 37 (63.8%) out of 58 CRC cases. This promoter methylation status was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis (P = 0.013) and the survival period. In stage II CRC cases, unmethylated gene promoter status showed better survival than the methylated. Mean overall survival (OS) of methylated and unmethylated group was 22.23 months, and 49.15 months respectively (P = 0.045), HR = 6.432, 95% CI 0.986-41.943. The IGFBP-3 promoter methylations found in 63.8% CRC cases in this study. The methylations was found to be associated with lymph-node metastasis and overall survival of the patients particularly in stage II CRC patients. However, promoter methylation was not associated with other clinocopathological characteristics such as age, gender, tumor location etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School for Bio-Science and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Pradyumn Singh
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Sunil Babu Gosipatala
- Department of Biotechnology, School for Bio-Science and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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144
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Freedle C, Rahesh J, Harris M, Tran V, Dissanaike S. Stage IV colorectal cancer presenting after necrotizing soft tissue infection. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020; 34:135-137. [PMID: 33456176 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1805675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are highly aggressive and may be lethal if untreated. Polymicrobial infections of the groin and lower limb have been documented secondary to invasive colorectal cancer (CRC). We present a case of CRC diagnosed more than 4 years after the development of NSTI. There are documented cases of NSTIs concomitant with a preexisting CRC. In this case, however, the patient's initial presentation was an NSTI followed by later diagnosis of CRC. A previously treated NSTI that is not healing appropriately may be an early indicator for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Freedle
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jasmin Rahesh
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Michelle Harris
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Virginia Tran
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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145
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Sherif MF, Ismail IM, Ata SMS. Expression of CXCR7 in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151621. [PMID: 32949893 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, it ranks third in cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Although great progress has been made in early diagnosis and combined treatment of CRC, the prognosis of patients remains poor owing to the high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. CXCR7 belongs to chemokine receptor family and has been identified as a novel receptor for CXCL12. It plays an important role in development and in progression of cancer to metastatic stage. THE AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CXCR7 in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma and to analyze its correlation with clinicopathological factors. This is retrospective study including 58 colonic adenocarcinoma specimens and 18 cases of colonic adenoma. RESULTS CXCR7 showed positive cytoplasmic expression in two out 18 cases of colorectal adenoma (11%) and 42 out of 58 cases of CRC (72.4%) with a significant difference between both (p < 0.001). We found a significant correlation between upregulation of CXCR7 and presence of lymphovascular tumor emboli, presence of lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage of the CRC. The association of the CXCR7 with patient age, sex, tumor size, depth of invasion and tumor cell differentiation was found to be non-significant. Regarding colonic adenoma, we found no significant association between CXCR7 expression on one hand and patient age, sex, tumor size, histologic type and degree of dysplasia on the other hand. CONCLUSION CXCR7 in CRC may act as a novel predictive indicator for prognosis and even be a potential molecular target for anticancer therapies.
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146
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Liu W, Lin D, Zhong Q, Su M, Li J, Guo X, Hu J. Endoscopic management of postoperative anastomotic bleeding in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1703-1709. [PMID: 32458392 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative anastomotic bleeding is considered a rare but life-threatening complication. There is no standard treatment strategy for this emergency condition. The aim of this study was to report our experiences in the management of postoperative anastomotic bleeding in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS We analyzed the general characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with anastomotic bleeding after surgery for colorectal carcinoma at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between July 2013 and September 2019 retrospectively. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to find protective factors for endoscopic hemostasis. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colonoscopy were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 9870 patients underwent surgeries for colorectal carcinoma between July 2013 and September 2019. Colonoscopies were performed in 78 cases with postoperative anastomotic bleeding. The effective rate of initial endoscopic hemostasis was 81% (63/78). In univariate and multivariate analysis, hemoclip therapy (odds ratio = 4.572; 95%CI 1.305-16.017; P = 0.017) and postoperative anastomotic bleeding within 5 days (odds ratio = 3.639; 95%CI 1.045-12.675; P = 0.042) are protective factors for endoscopic hemostasis. Comorbidity was associated with an increased risk for anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSIONS Colonoscopy seems to be an effective way to achieve hemostasis for patients with anastomotic bleeding after surgery for colorectal carcinoma. It may be more effective in the early postoperative period, and hemoclip appears to be the first choice to control postoperative anastomotic bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezheng Lin
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Zhong
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingli Su
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiancong Hu
- Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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147
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Hu Y, Mi Y, Mukherjee P, Pan Y. A new method of cryopreserving colorectal carcinoma cells for patient derived xenograft model generation. Cryobiology 2020; 96:45-49. [PMID: 32861699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models provide an efficient way to study anti-tumor drug efficacy. In this respect, it is essential to study the optimal method needed to cryopreserve the starting cells obtained from tumor samples for PDX model generation. Cryopreservation of cells prior to xenografting is necessary for cross-verification of results obtained by xenografting and also for practical planning of experiments. In the present work, we studied the cryopreservation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells isolated from patient tumor samples for generating their patient derived xenograft models. CRC therapeutics study is essential for early stage intervention and treatment of the disease. CRC cell lines do not ideally depict the molecular characteristics of patient CRC tumor samples. This necessitates the generation of CRC PDX models for drug discovery. We show that CRC cells isolated from patient tumor samples have comparable recovery, viability and growth with both conventional cryopreservation methods as well as Fibulas BioFlash Drive™. However, xenograft tumor formation was much more effective with Fibulas BioFlash Drive™ cryopreserved cells than with cells cryopreserved with conventional methods. Therefore, we put forward an effective way to cryopreserve primary cells obtained from patient tumor samples for PDX model generation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yulong Mi
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pooja Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, United States; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, United States.
| | - Ying Pan
- CITRIS and the Banatao Institute,330 Sutardja Dai Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1764, United States.
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148
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Gock M, Kordt M, Matschos S, Mullins CS, Linnebacher M. Patient-individual cancer cell lines and tissue analysis delivers no evidence of sequences from DNA viruses in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:260. [PMID: 32762707 PMCID: PMC7409650 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several DNA viruses are highly suspicious to have oncogenic effects in humans. This study investigates the presence of potentially oncogenic viruses such as SV40, JCV, BKV and EBV in patient-derived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells typifying all molecular subtypes of CRC. Methods Sample material (gDNA and cDNA) of a total of 49 patient-individual CRC cell lines and corresponding primary material from 11 patients, including normal, tumor-derived and metastasis-derived tissue were analyzed for sequences of SV40, JVC, BKV and EBV using endpoint PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of CRC cells to JCV and BKV was examined using a long-term cultivation approach of patient-individual cells in the presence of viruses. Results No virus-specific sequences could be detected in all specimens. Likewise, no morphological changes were observed and no evidence for viral infection or integration could be provided after long term CRC cell cultivation in presence of viral particles. Conclusions In summary, the presented data suggest that there is no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and viral load and consequently no evidence for a functional role of the DNA viruses included into this analysis in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gock
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Kordt
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie Matschos
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina S Mullins
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Maminezhad H, Ghanadian S, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Rouhollah F, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Babashah S. A panel of six-circulating miRNA signature in serum and its potential diagnostic value in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 258:118226. [PMID: 32771555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers throughout the world. Circulating serum-derived microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. This study aimed to identify a panel of six serum exosomal miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized from the conditioned media of the human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116 and Caco2). Sera were isolated from peripheral blood of 45 CRC and also 45 healthy individuals. The expression levels and diagnostic value of candidate circulating miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, miR-143, miR-145, and let-7a) were measured through quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected miRNAs. The association of candidate miRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics e.g. tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were further evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Circulating serum miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, and let-7a were significantly up-regulated in CRC patients, while miR-143 and miR-145 showed a significant down-regulation. The higher levels of miR-143 and miR-145 in patients with TNM stage I-II were detected, whereas miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, and let-7a were highly expressed in TNM stage III. The expression levels of miR-19a, miR-20a, and miR-150 were positively correlated with LNM status, while the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 were lower in patients with LNM. Area under the ROC curves of miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, miR-143, miR-145, and let-7a were 0.87, 0.83, 0.75, 0.76, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE We established a panel of six-circulating miRNA signature (i.e. miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-143, miR-145, miR-150, and let-7a) in serum as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis. These findings confirm that serum-derived miRNAs have a strong potential to be a diagnostic biomarker for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Maminezhad
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Ghanadian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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150
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ablation techniques are now well-established treatment options available for the management of primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Currently available ablative techniques include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation, and irreversible electroporation (IRE). Along with advances in navigational devices and targeting technologies, ablation combined with other therapies may be the next therapeutic option in thermal ablation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current status of ablative technologies in interventional and medical oncology for management of liver malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS With the use of combination techniques (i.e., ablation and transarterial embolization procedures), thermal ablation is now moving toward treating tumors larger than 3 cm in size or tumors with macrovascular invasion. Ongoing trials are examining the optimum timing of combination therapies. Thermal ablation combined with hepatic resection may increase the number of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver who qualify for curative surgery. Combination therapies of thermal ablation and transarterial embolization allow for promising treatment responses for larger HCC. Surgery combined with thermal ablation can potentially increase the number of patients with metastatic colon cancer to the liver who qualify for curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Arellano
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 293, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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