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Mercante DE, Guarisco E, Lilly EA, Rao A, Treas K, Beall CJ, Thompson Z, Griffen AL, Leys EJ, Vazquez JA, Hagensee ME, Fidel PL. Current oral hygiene and recreational behavioral trends in HIV disease. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:721-732. [PMID: 37401527 PMCID: PMC10441608 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV disease is evolving with more HIV+ persons experiencing a high quality of life with well-controlled viremia. We recently enrolled a large cohort of HIV+ and clinically relevant HIV- persons for oral microbiome analyses that included a questionnaire related to oral hygiene and recreational behaviors. Here, the questionnaire responses were analyzed for behavioral trends within the cohort, together with trends over time by comparison to a previous geographically centered HIV+ cohort. METHODS Data were collected by questionnaire at baseline visits as cross-sectional assessments. Multivariable analyses were conducted for associations of HIV status as well as age, race, and sex, on oral hygiene/recreational behaviors. RESULTS HIV+ subjects had reduced brushing frequency, but increased incidence of past cleanings and frequency of dry mouth, compared to the HIV- subjects. Within the entire cohort, positive associations were identified between age and several oral hygiene practices, and between age, race, and sex for several recreational behaviors. In comparison to the historical cohort, the contemporary HIV+ cohort participated in fewer high-risk behaviors, but with similar trends for smoking and oral hygiene practices. CONCLUSION HIV status had little association with oral hygiene and recreational behaviors despite several differences in age, race, and sex. Behavioral trends over time support a higher quality of life in people currently living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Mercante
- Department of Biostatistics, Biostatistics Program, School of Public HealthLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Emily Guarisco
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University HealthSchool of DentistryNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lilly
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University HealthSchool of DentistryNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Arni Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kelly Treas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University HealthSchool of DentistryNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Clifford J. Beall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Zach Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ann L. Griffen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jose A. Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Paul L. Fidel
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University HealthSchool of DentistryNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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102
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Basali DH, Hong I, Finkleman M, Dragan IF, Gyurko R, Uzel NG, Levi PA. The Effect of Dental Flossing Instructions and Technique on Interproximal Bleeding: A randomized control trial. J Dent Hyg 2023; 97:36-45. [PMID: 37553277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dental floss has been promoted reduce the effects from interdental microbial biofilm, however its efficacy has been questioned in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare daily flossing instructions using an adapted horizontal vertical flossing technique (AHVFT) and routine oral hygiene on gingival inflammation as indicated by bleeding on probing (BoP).Methods This randomized single-blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted with non-smoking adults presenting with gingivitis and no other systemic diseases. Eligible participants were recruited from a dental school patient population and were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A (experimental group) was instructed in how to use the AHVFT once daily and Group B (control group) was asked to continue with their regular oral hygiene practices. Clinical evaluations (interproximal BoP measurements) were performed by blinded, calibrated examiners at two, four, and eight-week intervals; the percentage of sites with interproximal BoP was recorded. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.Results A total of 36 eligible participants were enrolled in the study: Group A (n=18), Group B (n=18). The mean (±SD) percentage of interproximal sites with BoP was 26.3 (±4.7), 8.6 (±7.3), 7.2 (±5.2), and 7.9 (±5.8) for Group A at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks, respectively. The corresponding values for Group B were 25.8 (±9.9), 15.6 (±12.4), 12.3 (±12.2), and 18.0 (±13.1), respectively. The percentage of sites with BoP was significantly lower for Group A than for Group B (p=.015 at two weeks, p=.009 at four weeks, and p<.001 at eight weeks). Within each group, the percentage of sites with BoP was significantly lower when compared with baseline (p<.008). At the final visit, the percent reduction in BoP for Group A was 70% and 30% for Group B compared with baseline. Most (88.2%) of Group A participants demonstrated mastery of the AHVFT at eight weeks.Conclusion Participants who received Instruction with the daily use of the AHVFT were shown to have reductions in interproximal BoP as compared to participants who had not received instructions in the AHVFT. Positive gingival health outcomes with dental flossing may be technique sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Basali
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Finkleman
- Division of Biostatistics and Experimental Design, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irina F Dragan
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Gyurko
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nacive Guzin Uzel
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Levi
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Sirinirund B, Siqueira R, Li J, Mendonça G, Zalucha J, Wang HL. Effects of crown contour on artificial biofilm removal efficacy with interdental cleaning aids: An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:783-792. [PMID: 37269176 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of various interdental cleaning aids for artificial biofilm removal on different implant-supported crown designs. METHODS Mandibular models with missing first molar were fabricated and installed with single implant analogs and loaded with crowns of different designs (concave, straight, and convex). Artificial biofilm was made with occlusion spray. Thirty volunteers (periodontists, dental hygienists, and laypersons) were asked to clean the interproximal areas. The crowns were unscrewed and photographed in a standardized setting. The outcome was measured by the cleaning ratio which represents the cleaned surfaces in relation to the area of the tested surface. RESULTS A significant difference in favor of concave crown (p < .001) on the basal surface was cleaned by all tools, except the water flosser. There was evidence of an overall effect of "cleaning tool," "surface," and "crown design" (p < .0001) except for the "participant" factor. The mean cleaning ratio for each cleaning tool and overall combined surfaces were (in%): dental floss: 43.02 ± 23.93, superfloss: 42.51 ± 25.92, electric interspace brush: 36.21 ± 18.78, interdental brush: 29.10 ± 15.95, and electric water flosser: 9.72 ± 8.14. Dental floss and superfloss were significantly better (p < .05) than other tools in removing plaque. CONCLUSIONS Concave crown contour had the greatest artificial biofilm removal, followed by straight and convex crowns at the basal surface. Dental floss and superfloss were the most effective interdental cleaning devices for artificial biofilm removal. None of the tested cleaning devices were able to completely remove the artificial biofilm from the interproximal/basal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyapha Sirinirund
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rafael Siqueira
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Janet Zalucha
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Fallahi A, Hajimam AF, Rahmani A, Allahqoli L, Schmalz G, Nemat B. Dental cleaning behavior and related factors among hemodialysis patients in the West of Iran: A cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:614-622. [PMID: 37138426 PMCID: PMC10441593 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral health-related behaviors in hemodialysis patients are reduced, potentially leading to adverse consequences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental cleaning behavior (DCB) and related factors among hemodialysis patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sanandaj city, in the west of Iran in 2022. Using the census method, 115 hemodialysis patients from the dialysis center of Tohid Hospital were recruited. Data were gathered by a three-section questionnaire. The first section included demographic characteristics, the second section involved variables related to the health belief model (HBM), and the third section assessed stages of DCB change based on the trans-theoretical model. Analysis of data was done by assessing frequency, descriptive and inferential statistics such as t test, correlation coefficient, and regression. RESULTS Only 26.1% of participants reported DCB, defined as tooth brushing at least twice daily; 30.4% were in the precontemplation stage, 26.1% in contemplation, and 17.4% in the preparation stage. Perceived self-efficacy was lower among patients who did not perform DCB. The odds of DCB increased with perceived self-efficacy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-1.92, p < .05), cues to action (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03-2.55, p < .05), and decreased with perceived barriers (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS DCB of patients on hemodialysis requires improvement. Perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, and perceived barriers constructs of the HBM should be considered in interventional programs targeting to increase oral health as well as in future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Fallahi
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | | | - Azam Rahmani
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and MidwiferyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and PeriodontologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Babak Nemat
- Health Network of SanandajKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
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105
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Liu C, Zhao L, Zhang L, Li H, Li Y, Cheng X. Effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota: a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4567-4577. [PMID: 37231271 PMCID: PMC10212231 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of water flossing on dental plaque removal have been suggested, but its ecological impact on dental plaque microbiota needs further investigation. In addition, whether this plaque control measure by water flossing promotes the control of halitosis still needs clinical validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy participants with gingivitis were randomly assigned to control (toothbrushing) and experimental (toothbrushing + water flossing) groups (n = 35). Participants were recalled at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and their gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, bleeding on probing, dental plaque index, and oral malodor values were measured. The microbiota of supragingival plaque was further investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. RESULTS Sixty-three participants completed all revisits (control: n = 33; experimental: n = 30). The experimental and control groups exhibited similar clinical characteristics and dental plaque microbiota at baseline. Adjunctive water flossing effectively reduced the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index as compared to the toothbrushing control group. The water-flossing group showed reduced oral malodor at week 12 as compared to the baseline. Consistently, the water-flossing group exhibited altered dental plaque microbiota at week 12, characterized by a depletion of Prevotella at genus level and Prevotella intermedia at species level as compared to the toothbrushing control. In addition, the plaque microbiota of water-flossing group exhibited a more aerobic phenotype, while the control group was more anaerobic. CONCLUSIONS Daily water flossing can effectively alleviate gingival inflammation and reduce oral malodor, possibly by depleting oral anaerobes and altering the oral microbiota to a more aerobic phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Water flossing adjunctive to toothbrushing effectively alleviated gingival inflammation, representing a promising oral hygiene practice to promote oral health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=61797 , #ChiCTR2000038508) on September 23, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yishan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haolai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Institute of Drug/Medical Device Clinical Trial, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bixdo (SH) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xingqun Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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106
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Mato EG, López LS, Freitas MD, Pazos MTA, Posse JL, Dios PD, Mundiña BR. Plaque removal efficacy of a new toothbrush with a double-sided head and rotating handle-a pilot randomized control trial in acquired brain injury patients. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4855-4860. [PMID: 37389693 PMCID: PMC10415501 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of a new toothbrush (Balene) for the mechanical removal of dental plaque in patients with acquired brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 25 adults with acquired brain injury. The participants underwent 2 sessions of toothbrushing lasting 1 min, one with a conventional toothbrush and the other with the Balene toothbrush. This new double-headed toothbrush has 6 active sides, which allows for the simultaneous toothbrushing of both alveolar arches, with elastomer bristles angled at 45°, as well a handle that rotates up to 180°. Therefore, the user does not need to remove the toothbrush from the oral cavity during the toothbrushing process. Dental plaque accumulation was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index of Greene and Vermillion. RESULTS The plaque index was significantly reduced both with the Balene toothbrush (p < 0.001) and with the conventional toothbrush (p < 0.001). The dental plaque removal efficacy was similar with the two toothbrushes. There were also no statistically significant differences in the removal of plaque with the Balene toothbrush between the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modalities (p = 0.345). CONCLUSIONS For patients with acquired brain injury, the Balene toothbrush was as effective as a conventional toothbrush, regardless of whether the toothbrushing modality was autonomous or assisted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Balene® toothbrush's efficacy in removing dental plaque is similar to that of conventional toothbrushes, both with the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modality. Given its particular ergonomics, this toothbrush could be indicated for certain select patients with acquired brain injury (i.e., those whose degree of cooperation allows for toothbrushing, with a sufficient mouth opening, with no substantial abnormalities in the intermaxillary relationship, and with no significant edentulous sections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Lucía Sande López
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Marcio Diniz Freitas
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - María Teresa Abeleira Pazos
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, C/ Entrerríos S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Diz Dios
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Berta Rivas Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
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107
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Karikoski E, Sarkola T, Blomqvist M. Early Counseling to Improve Oral Health Behavior in Children with Major Congenital Heart Defects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Caries Res 2023; 57:563-574. [PMID: 37442113 DOI: 10.1159/000531817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal oral health behavior in children with a congenital heart defect (CHD) is important in managing the risk for caries development and infective endocarditis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early and repeat oral health promotion intervention (OHPI) among children with major CHD. Randomized controlled trial including 72 out of 91 children born in Finland April 1, 2017-October 31, 2020 with (a) major CHD potentially included in the criteria of endocarditis prophylaxis or (b) any CHD with surgical repair combined with a chromosomal syndrome. A parallel passive control (C) group of 87 healthy children were recruited at birth. CHD children were randomized 1:1 to intervention (CHD-I) and control (CHD-C) groups. The OHPI included counseling by motivational interviewing, home delivered toothpaste and toothbrushes, and written information, and was provided at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months of age to CHD-I group. The primary outcome measure at 24 months was child's oral health behavior (toothbrushing, sugar intake, and dental care contact). The secondary outcome measures were parents' awareness of the importance of oral health behavior, and oral health behavior as a predictor for child behavior. At 24 months, toothbrushing was performed twice a day in 20/27 (74%) among CHD-I, in 13/30 (43%) among CHD-C (CHD-I vs. CHD-C p = 0.03), and in 37/50 (74%) among healthy comparisons (CHD-C vs. C p = 0.01). Electric toothbrush use was 12/27 (44%) in CHD-I, 5/30 (17%) in CHD-C (CHD-I vs. CHD-C p = 0.04), and 7/50 (14%) in healthy comparison (CHD-C vs. C p = 0.76) children. Among CHD-I, toothbrushing and use of electric toothbrush improved between 12 months and 24 months. Sugar drink intake was more common among CHD-C (CHD-C vs. C p = 0.02), but comparable to CHD-I children. Parental toothbrushing predicted child toothbrushing twice a day. There were no statistical group differences in dental care contact. Children with CHD are at risk for poor oral health behavior. This could be improved with early and repeat oral health promotion parental counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Karikoski
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - My Blomqvist
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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108
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Weik U, Shankar-Subramanian S, Sämann T, Wöstmann B, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. "You should brush your teeth better": a randomized controlled trial comparing best-possible versus as-usual toothbrushing. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:456. [PMID: 37415160 PMCID: PMC10327354 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people's tooth brushing performance is deficient, even when they are encouraged to brush to the best of their abilities. The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of this deficit by comparing best-possible vs. as-usual brushing. METHODS University students (N = 111) were randomly assigned to receive one of two instructions: "brush your teeth as usual" (AU-instruction) or "brush your teeth to the best of your abilities" (BP-instruction). Video analyses assessed brushing performance. The marginal plaque index (MPI) assessed after brushing was used as an indicator of brushing effectiveness. A questionnaire assessed subjectively perceived oral cleanliness (SPOC). RESULTS Participants in the BP group brushed their teeth longer (p = 0.008, d = 0.57) and used interdental devices more often (p < 0.001). No group differences emerged in the distribution of brushing time among surfaces, the percentage of brushing techniques used beyond horizontal scrubbing, or the appropriate use of interdental devices (all p > 0.16, all d < 0.30). Plaque persisted at the majority of the sections of the gingival margins, and the groups did not differ in this respect (p = 0.15; d = 0.22). SPOC values in the BP group were higher than those in the AU group (p = 0.006; d = 0.54). Both groups overestimated their actual oral cleanliness by approximately twofold. CONCLUSIONS Compared to their usual brushing effort, study participants increased their effort when asked to brush their teeth in the best possible manner. However, that increase in effort was ineffective in terms of oral cleanliness. The results indicate that people's concept of optimized brushing refers to quantitative aspects (e.g., longer duration, more interdental hygiene) rather than qualitative aspects (e.g., considering inner surfaces and gingival margins, appropriate use of dental floss). TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the appropriate national register ( www.drks.de ; ID: DRKS00017812; date of registration: 27/08/2019 - retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Weik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Sadhvi Shankar-Subramanian
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Thorben Sämann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Dental Clinic - Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Renate Deinzer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
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Bai X, Cui C, Yin J, Li H, Gong Q, Wei B, Lu Y. The association between oral hygiene and head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:374-395. [PMID: 36538375 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2158129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral hygiene has been suspected to contribute to the aetiology of head and neck cancer (HNC). Based on the meta-analysis, we evaluated the impact of oral hygiene on head and neck cancer (HNC) and its survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant case-control and cohort studies reporting survival data, oral hygiene data were searched via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. The odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS Oral hygiene was associated with HNC. Tooth brushing ≥2 a day, dental floss use, denture wearing, caries ≥3, and dental visit ≥1 reduced the risk of oral cavity cancer while mouth wash use, missing teeth >5, gum bleeding, and periodontal disease increased the risk of oral cavity cancer. For oropharynx cancer, tooth brushing ≥2 and caries ≥3 were associated with reduced risk of it. Tooth brushing ≥2 and dental visits ≥1 decreased the risk of pharynx cancer risk and larynx cancer risk, however, missing teeth >5 increased both of them. CONCLUSION Oral hygiene was associated with HNC and its sub sites. Oral hygiene should be strengthened, a dental floss use and dentist's visits can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Cui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Gong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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Padilla K, Savage K, Kim HJ, Poon E, Diaz D, Garcia-Godoy F, Oyoyo U, Kwon SR. Effect of toothpaste tablets on gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite materials. Am J Dent 2023; 36:156-160. [PMID: 37364194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of toothpaste tablets on the gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite materials and determine the relationship between gloss and roughness. METHODS Rectangular jigs were designed and printed. Wells (2 mm deep x 7 mm diameter) were filled with Filtek Supreme Ultra A2B, light-cured and polished. A small-area glossmeter was used for gloss (GU) measurements and a profilometer for roughness measurements (Ra) at baseline and after challenge with each toothpaste. An automated tooth-brushing machine was set at 120 strokes/minute for a total of 10,000 strokes to evaluate four test groups with 16 specimens in each group. NC: Brushing with distilled water; TABS: Colgate Anywhere Travel Tooth Tabs; CP: Colgate Cavity Protection Toothpaste and AW: Colgate Whitening Advanced Toothpaste. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the difference in gloss and surface roughness among the groups and Pearson correlation was used to compare the relationship between gloss and roughness. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in gloss and roughness among the four groups at baseline. At post-brushing, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups (P< 0.001) with increased roughness and decreased gloss for CP and AW when compared to TABS. There was a statistically significant correlation between post-brushing roughness and post-brushing gloss (P< 0.001, rho: -0.815). Thus, the higher the surface roughness the lower the gloss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Toothpaste tablets retain better gloss and roughness of resin-based composite materials when compared to conventional toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlyn Savage
- Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hyung Ji Kim
- Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Emily Poon
- Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Udochukwu Oyoyo
- Dental Education Services, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Student Research Program, Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California USA,
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Hirokawa J, Kimata N. Successful Premedication With Sublingual Midazolam Using a Suction Toothbrush. Anesth Prog 2023; 70:80-84. [PMID: 37379095 PMCID: PMC10328197 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-70-01-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Premedication is often used to reduce the stress associated with anesthesia-related procedures. However, in some cases, patients may not cooperate with medication delivery because of significant fear and anxiety. We report a case of an uncooperative patient with severe intellectual disabilities who was successfully premedicated with the unique technique of sublingual midazolam administration using a suction toothbrush. The 38-year-old male patient was planned to receive dental treatment under deep intravenous sedation (IVS), but he refused both intravenous cannulation and mask induction. Preanesthetic medication delivery using other routes was attempted but not accepted. As the patient tolerated toothbrushing, we used repeated practice with sublingual water administration through the toothbrush's suction hole to gradually desensitize the patient. Using that same method, sublingual midazolam was administered as a successful premedication to allow placement of a face mask for inhalational induction without distress and completion of the dental treatment under IVS. For patients who refuse other premedication routes, sublingual administration during toothbrushing with a suction toothbrush may provide a successful alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirokawa
- Miyazaki Dental Welfare Center, Miyazaki City Dental Association, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naomi Kimata
- Miyazaki Dental Welfare Center, Miyazaki City Dental Association, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Tanner M, Singh R, Svellenti L, Hamza B, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of Toothbrush Bristle Stiffness and Brushing Force on Cleaning Efficacy. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:153-162. [PMID: 37195331 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of toothbrush bristle stiffness and brushing force on the cleaning efficacy in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty bovine dentin samples were allocated to eight groups (n=10). Two custom-made toothbrushes of different bristle stiffness (soft and medium) were tested at four different brushing forces (1, 2, 3 and 4 N). Dentin samples were stained in black tea and brushed (60 strokes/min) for a total of 25 min in a brushing machine with an abrasive solution (RDA 67). Photographs were taken after 2 and 25 min of brushing time. Cleaning efficacy was measured planimetrically. RESULTS After 2 min of brushing, the soft-bristle toothbrush did not cause statistically significantly different cleaning efficacy at different brushing forces, while the medium-bristle toothbrush cleaned statistically significantly less efficaceously only at 1 N. Comparing the two different toothbrushes, higher cleaning efficacy was observed only at 1 N for the soft-bristle brush. At 25 min brushing time, the soft-bristle cleaned statistically significantly better at 4 N compared to 1 N and 2 N and at 3 N compared to 1 N. Using the medium-bristle, cleaning efficacy increased with increasing brushing force. After 25 min of brushing, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two different toothbrushes. CONCLUSION Irrespective the brushing force, the use of a soft or medium toothbrush results in comparable cleaning efficacy. At 2 min brushing time, increasing the brushing force does not increase the cleaning efficacy.
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Frey AC, Gubler A, Schmidlin PR, Wegehaupt FJ. Dentin Loss and Surface Alteration Through Chemical and Chemomechanical Challenge after Initial Root Instrumentation. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:171-178. [PMID: 37195333 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the root surface roughness and substance loss induced by chemical and chemomechanical challenges on root surfaces pretreated with ultrasonic instrumentation, a hand scaler, or erythritol airflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty (120) bovine dentin specimens were used in this study. Specimens were divided into eight groups and treated as follows: groups 1 and 2: polished with 2000- and 4000-grit carborundum papers but not instrumented ('untreated'); groups 3 and 4: hand scaler; groups 5 and 6: ultrasonic instrumentation; groups 7 and 8: erythritol airflow. Samples from groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 then underwent a chemical challenge (5 x 2 min HCl [pH 2.7]), whereas samples from groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were subjected to a chemomechanical challenge (5 x 2 min HCl [pH 2.7] + 2 min brushing). Surface roughness and substance loss were measured profilometrically. RESULTS The least substance loss through chemomechanical challenge was noted after erythritol airflow treatment (4.65 ± 0.93 µm), followed by ultrasonic instrumentation (7.30 ± 1.42 µm) and the hand scaler (8.30 ± 1.38 µm); the last two (hand scaler and ultrasonic tip) did not differ statistically significantly. The highest roughness after chemomechanical challenge was observed on ultrasonically treated specimens (1.25 ± 0.85 µm), followed by hand-scaled specimens (0.24 ± 0.16 µm) and those subject to erythritol airflow (0.18 ± 0.09 µm); there was no statistically signficant difference between the latter two, but they both differed statistically significantly from the ultrasonically treated specimens. No statistically significant difference in substance loss through the chemical challenge was observed between specimens pretreated by the hand scaler (0.75 ± 0.15 µm), ultrasonic tip (0.65 ± 0.15 µm), and erythritol airflow (0.75 ± 0.15 µm). The chemical challenge smoothed the surfaces treated with the hand scaler, ultrasonic tip, and erythritol airflow. CONCLUSION Dentin pretreatment with erythritol powder airflow resulted in a higher resistance to chemomechanical challenge than did dentin treated ultrasonically or with the hand scaler.
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Wiesmüller V, Kasslatter M, Zengin B, Zotz D, Offermanns V, Steiner R, Crismani A, Kapferer-Seebacher I. Cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with microburst technology in orthodontic patients-a randomized-controlled crossover study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2089-2095. [PMID: 37022527 PMCID: PMC10160186 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthodontic patients struggle with interdental cleaning calling for simpler mechanical devices to reduce the high plaque levels. The present study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with that of dental flossing in patients with fixed braces after 4 weeks of home-use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design is a randomized and single-blinded cross-over study. After 28 days using the products at home, hygiene indices (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); gingival bleeding index (GBI)) were compared between test (oral irrigator) and control product (dental floss). RESULTS Seventeen adult individuals finalized the study. After 28 days of cleaning with the oral irrigator, RMNPI was 54.96% (46.91-66.05) compared to 52.98% (42.75-65.60) with dental floss (p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis revealed that the higher cleansing efficacy of the dental floss is attributable to buccal and marginal areas. GBI after the test phase with the oral irrigator was 12.96% (7.14-24.31) and statistically significantly higher compared to 8.33% (5.84-15.33) with dental floss (p = 0.030) which could be seen in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Oral irrigators do not remove plaque and reduce gingival bleeding as efficiently as dental floss in easily accessible regions. However, in posterior regions, where the patients struggled with the application of dental floss, the oral irrigator showed similar results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral irrigators should only be recommended to orthodontic patients who cannot use interdental brushes and are not compliant with dental flossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wiesmüller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Kasslatter
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Baran Zengin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Desiree Zotz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - René Steiner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriano Crismani
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ines Kapferer-Seebacher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Staehle HJ, Kim TS, Sekundo C. New Options for Subgingival Oral Hygiene with a Flattened Interdental Brush Design - In Vitro Examination and Case Report. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:131-140. [PMID: 37093179 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4043009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The subgingival area is only reached to a limited extent during home oral hygiene with the aids available to date. The question was investigated whether a newly developed, flattened cross-sectional design of interdental brushes (IDBs) can extend their subgingival reach. MATERIALS AND METHODS In part I, the passage-hole diameters (PHD) of IDBs of different sizes and side-bristle lengths, with circular and flattened cross-sections, were compared according to the ISO standard 16409/2016. In part II, handling of flattened IDBs was described based on a case report of a patient with generalised stage 4, grade C periodontitis with locally persistent pockets. RESULTS Depending on the brush's size, flattening of IDBs reduced the PHD by 1-18 intervals. IDBs with longer side bristles could thus be inserted into interdental spaces with equal force. This may increase the potential range of IDBs in the vertical dimension. Regular instruction and check-ups are necessary to enable correct handling, as the flattened brushes can only be used in two positions. The observations documented in the case report (duration: 1.5 years) showed that flattened IDBs were associated with reduced signs of inflammation (reduction of pocket depths from 6 to 3 mm, absence of bleeding on probing). CONCLUSION IDBs with a flattened cross-sectional design have not been previously described in the literature. It was shown that flattening of IDBs leads to a size-dependent decrease in PHD. Based on a case report, it was hypothesised that the design change of the IDBs could be clinically relevant in the case of persistent deep pockets in narrow interdental spaces. However, this can only be verified or falsified by clinical studies.
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Khan SS, Asad S, Hussain U. Effect Of Elastomeric Separator On Microbial Count In Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2023; 35:269-274. [PMID: 37422819 DOI: 10.55519/jamc-02-11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The separators are a preliminary step for band insertion, but there is a potential risk of bacteraemia during their placement, particularly in susceptible patients. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of separators on the bacterial count in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to assess the efficacy of chlorhexidine mouth rinse and saline irrigation in the reduction of the bacterial count. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 51 participants who were divided into three equal g roups randomly (brushing only/control, saline irrigation, and 2% chlorhexidine mouthwash rinse). The inclusion criteria were age between 18-25 years, good oral hygiene, gingival and plaque index <1, no previous orthodontic treatment, and healthy individuals. The bacterial count was obtained from GCF samples after two hours, on the third day, and on the seventh day. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the bacterial count among the three groups, and post hoc analysis was done using Dunn's test. Friedman test was applied to see the difference at three-time points in each group. RESULTS In both saline and chlorhexidine groups the mean bacterial count decreased significantly from baseline to 3rd day and 7th day after separator placement (p<0.001). For the third day, a significant difference was found in control versus saline and control versus chlorhexidine. No significant difference was found between saline and chlorhexidine on the third day. Similar results were found on the 7 thday. For controls, the bacterial count increased with time and for both saline and chlorhexidine groups the bacterial count decreased. The highest decrease in the bacterial count was found for the chlorhexidine group. CONCLUSIONS After the placement of separators, there was an increase in the bacterial count in GCF. Notably, chlorhexidine was found to be more effective than saline irrigation in reducing the bacterial count.
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Sakae LO, Renzo ALM, Viana ÍEL, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of different brushing/abrasion protocols on erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105657. [PMID: 36827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different toothbrushing (with dentifrice) protocols on the progression of erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. DESIGN Bovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 10), according to the study factors: (1) brushing movement (horizontal or circular); (2) slurry diluent (artificial saliva or distilled water); (3) toothpaste dilution ratio (1:2, 1:3 or 1:4). A 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model was performed, each consisting of 4 erosive challenges (0.3 % citric acid, pH=2.6) followed by 60 min exposure to artificial saliva. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste (15 s, 1400 ppm F-, AmF) was carried out 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SL was lower for the horizontal movement than for the circular (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios for artificial saliva. For distilled water, the more concentrated slurry (1:2) presented greater surface loss than the less concentrated slurries (1:3 and 1:4, p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Dilutions with artificial saliva at ratios 1:3 and 1:4 presented higher surface loss than with distilled water (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, for 1:2 ratio, there were no significant differences between the diluents. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro progression of enamel SL was influenced by the brushing movement, as well as the combination of the dilution ratio and the diluent of the toothpaste slurry, and therefore, all these factors must be considered when comparing results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Meira Renzo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Fernando C, Ha DH, Do LG, Tadakamadla SK. Socioeconomic Status and Toothbrushing in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:139-147. [PMID: 35360957 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221086205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries in children is a multifactorial and complex condition. Toothbrushing helps maintain good oral hygiene and delivers fluoride. However, determinants of toothbrushing could vary based on Indigenous status. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic status and adequate toothbrushing practice (brushing twice or more a day) in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children. METHODS Data were acquired from the National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS) 2012 to 2014. NCOHS administered questionnaires to parents of a representative sample of 24,215 Australian children aged 5 to 14 y recruited using a complex sampling method. Data on the frequency of toothbrushing and socioeconomic status were collected through the questionnaires. Statistical analysis was conducted progressively from bivariate to multivariable regression modeling, stratified by Indigenous status. RESULTS Just over half of Indigenous children and over two-thirds of non-Indigenous children reported adequate toothbrushing. The prevalence of adequate brushing (twice or more a day) was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.84) higher among children with an overseas-born parent than those with Australian-born parents. Among non-Indigenous children, sex and age, parents' country of birth, number of children in the family, and other family socioeconomic indicators (education, income, private health insurance) were associated with adequate toothbrushing. The prevalence of adequate brushing was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03-1.15) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10-1.21) times higher when their parent possessed vocational training and tertiary education, respectively, compared to those children whose parents had school-level education. CONCLUSIONS There were differences in patterns of socioeconomic disparities for toothbrushing practices between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT To promote positive toothbrushing practices in children, dental clinicians and public health professionals must be aware of the determinants of toothbrushing practices. Socioeconomic disparities in toothbrushing frequency were more apparent in non-Indigenous children. These results will help develop population-specific interventions that tackle the determinants to help improve oral hygiene behavior in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernando
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - D H Ha
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L G Do
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S K Tadakamadla
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Kim JH, Kim S, Garcia-Godoy F, Park YS. Dentin abrasion using whitening toothpaste with various hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Am J Dent 2023; 36:55-61. [PMID: 37076293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the amount of abrasion of four whitening toothpastes, two conventional toothpastes, and seven experimental toothpastes with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were treated with the four whitening toothpastes (containing three different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide: 0.75%, 1.50%, and 2.80%), two conventional toothpastes without hydrogen peroxide, seven experimental toothpastes (concentrations of hydrogen peroxide: 0.75%, 1.50%, 3.0%, 4.50%, 6.0%, 7.50%, and 9.0%), and distilled water. After 10,000 strokes of toothbrushing, the amount of abrasion on the dentin surface was measured with a contactless 3D surface profiler (n= 8). The pH of all solutions, the weight percentages of the particles, and the component of particles in the toothpaste were analyzed. The correlations between the dentin abrasion, pH, and weight percentages of the particles in the toothpastes were investigated. RESULTS The amount of abrasion of the two conventional toothpastes were 1.1-3.6 times higher than those of the four whitening toothpastes. Likewise, the pH of the conventional toothpaste was higher than those of the other whitening toothpastes. No significant differences were found among the four whitening toothpastes. The four whitening toothpastes consisted of a relatively lower weight percentage of particles compared to the two conventional toothpastes. A strong positive correlation was observed between the dentin abrasion and the weight percentages of the particles (r= 0.913; P< 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences in the amount of abrasion were observed between the specimens treated with seven experimental toothpastes and those treated with distilled water. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The whitening toothpastes containing less than 9% hydrogen peroxide did not seem to harm the dentin surface significantly. These findings can serve as a reference for consumers, patients, and dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, S. Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, S. Korea
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, S. Korea,
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Arkia M, Rezaei J, Salari N, Vaziri S, Abdi A. Oral status and affecting factors in Iranian ICU patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 36927446 PMCID: PMC10022095 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral care is crucial in intensive care units (ICUs). Meanwhile, this action is not well-performed, therefore, mouth cavity-associated disorders cause serious outcomes, e.g. ventilator-dependent pneumonia. Considering a lack of studies in Iran on this subject, this study aimed to determine the oral status and affected factors in ICU patients in Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in 2019, we assessed the oral status of 138 patients admitted to the ICUs in the Kermanshah and Ilam provinces by census method. The tools were a demographic and clinical characteristics checklist, and Beck's oral status assessment scale (BOAS). The researcher investigated the condition of the patient's mouth, and their records. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of moderate and severe disorders of the lips, gums and oral mucosa, tongue, teeth, and saliva were 14.4, 26.1, 16.6, 49.3, and 34.8 percent, respectively. Six percent of patients had a normal oral condition. Oral status had a significant relationship with education level, age, marital status, brushing teeth, NG tube, and consciousness level. CONCLUSION Compared to other studies, the prevalence of oral cavity disorders in ICU patients of the Ilam and Kermanshah provinces was high. It mandates paying crucial attention to nurses' continued education, using standard guidelines, and applying new facilities. Moreover, it is mandated for periodical visits of patients by a dentist in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Arkia
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Student Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jahangir Rezaei
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Vaziri
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829 Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hariyani N, Setyowati D, Listl S, Nair R. Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Teeth and Dental Care - Evidence from a Population-based Study in Indonesia. Oral Health Prev Dent 2023; 21:77-82. [PMID: 36920255 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3956549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Education is well-known as a determinant of oral health and dental behaviours in high-income countries, but much less is known for countries with lower incomes. This study aimed to identify the extent to which education affects oral health and dental behaviours in Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used data from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2013. From this nationally representative sample of 945,057 people 5-100 years old, a series of mixed-effects Poisson regression models that accounted for sampling weights estimated the effect of educational attainment on edentulism, dental care utilisation, and toothbrushing behaviour. RESULTS Consistent educational gradients were found for all outcomes and across all model specifications. People without a formal educational degree had a 1.03 (95% CI: 1.03-1.04) times higher risk of not utilising any dental care, a 3.15 (95% CI: 2.47-4.02) times higher risk of being edentulous, and a 15.6 (95% CI: 12.76-19.02) times higher risk of having low toothbrushing frequency than people having a university degree or higher. CONCLUSIONS Stark and consistent educational gradients were observed in the dentate status, dental services utilisation, and toothbrushing in Indonesia. Educational inequalities were much larger for toothbrushing behaviours than for dental care utilisation. Intervention points for health policy should urgently prioritise public health interventions to promote overall educational attainment, preventive services, and dental care targeted at those with lower educational attainment.
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Gugnani N, Gugnani S. Does intellectual disability in children impact access to preventive dental services and oral health? Evid Based Dent 2023; 24:23-25. [PMID: 36890246 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the access to preventive dental care and oral health among children with additional educational support needs as compared to normal children in primary education years. DESIGN This was a population-based record-linkage study, where the data was retrieved from six different national databases. COHORT SELECTION Children born in Scotland between years 2011 and 2014 and entered elementary school education in years 2016-19 were included and the corresponding information about their additional educational support needs (ASNs) was determined using a Pupil Census database. These children with intellectual disabilities were categorised as: intellectual disabilities, Autism spectrum, social learning-disabilities and other learning-disabilities. The data about their oral health, including caries experience and extractions under GA, and the data about their access to preventive dental care, including professional brushing instructions, fluoride varnish (FV) applications etc. was retrieved from other national databases. The caries experience and access to dental care was compared for these special children with that of normal children without any ASNs. RESULTS Among primary outcomes, significantly higher caries experience was recorded among children with 'social'(aRR = 1.42, CI = 1.38-1.46) and 'other'(aRR = 1.17, CI = 1.13-1.21) ASNs, while higher risk of extractions under GA was found in ID (aRR = 1.67, CI = 1.16-2.37), social (aRR = 1.24, CI = 1.08-1.42) groups while autism group showed nonsignificant higher risk (aRR = 1.12, CI = 0.79-1.53). Among secondary outcomes, significantly less attendance at general/public dental practice was recorded for all the intellectual disabilities' groups, with least attendance by children with social ASNs (aRR = 0.51 CI = 0.49-0.54). Least exposure to professional advice was received by autism group (aRR = 0.93, CI = 0.87-0.99). Further, all the groups showed less participation in nursery toothbrushing (NTB) and FV program at school; while least exposure to these preventive programs was depicted by children with social ASNs (NTB: aRR = 0.89, CI = 0.86-0.92, FV aRR = 0.95, CI = 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSION Children with intellectual disabilities have poor access to preventive dental care and also exhibit higher incidence of caries experience and extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Gugnani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAV (C) Dental College Yamunanagar, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.
| | - Shalini Gugnani
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, DAV (C) Dental College Yamunanagar, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
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Ren X, He J, Cheng R, Chen Y, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Li J, Cheng L, Hu T. The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Irrigator on the Control of Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3726. [PMID: 36834421 PMCID: PMC9965011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral irrigator (OI) in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. METHODS Ninety participants diagnosed with gingivitis were randomly assigned to two groups, given a toothbrush combined with OI (WaterPik®) (test) or a toothbrush alone (control). The Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (T-QH), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Bleeding Index (BI), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP%) were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) were analyzed. Adverse events were recorded through electronic diaries and examinations. RESULTS Of the 90 participants, the efficacy was assessed in the following numbers (FAS/PPS): test (45/33) and control (43/38). Compared with the control, MGI, BI, and BOP% were significantly lower in the test group after 4 weeks (4 weeks: p = 0.017, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively; 8 weeks and 12 weeks: p < 0.001 for all, FAS); T-QH was significantly lower after 8 weeks (8 weeks: p = 0.033; 12 weeks: p = 0.006, FAS). Transient gingival bleeding may be associated with OI. Self-reported pain and dentin hypersensitivity symptoms were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS As adjuncts to toothbrushing, OI demonstrated significantly better efficacy in controlling dental plaque and gingival inflammation with no substantial safety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sulan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Edlund P, Bertl K, Pandis N, Stavropoulos A. Efficacy of power-driven interdental cleaning tools: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:3-16. [PMID: 36562267 PMCID: PMC9932241 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of power-driven interdental cleaning tools (PDICTs) as an adjunct to tooth brushing compared to tooth brushing alone or tooth brushing combined with any other non-PDICT in terms of interproximal plaque and gingival bleeding reduction in gingivitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in three databases until March 20, 2022 with the following main eligibility criteria: (1) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with (2) at least 28 days of follow-up in (3) gingivitis patients. Interproximal plaque and bleeding values were defined as the primary outcome variables and used for pair-wise meta-analyses. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs were identified including data from 1258 participants at the final evaluation. Eight studies each investigated the effect of either a liquid-based or mechanical PDICT; one of these studies tested additionally a combined liquid-based and mechanical PDICT. Tooth brushing combined with a liquid-based PDICT compared to tooth brushing alone did not result in better interproximal plaque values but in significantly lower interproximal bleeding values. Tooth brushing combined with either a liquid-based PDICT or with a mechanical PDICT compared to tooth brushing and flossing achieved comparable interproximal plaque and bleeding values. The majority of studies reporting on patient compliance/preference favored the use of a PDICT, and except for a single study, which was reporting soft tissue trauma in two subjects from improper use of a mechanical PDICT, none of the studies reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Daily use of PDICT as an adjunct to tooth brushing significantly reduces interproximal bleeding. This effect appears comparable to that of flossing, while PDICT may achieve higher patient acceptance/compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Edlund
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Kristina Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of DentistryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
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de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Amorim AA, Ferreira AC, Tonani-Torrieri R, Bikker FJ, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. The effect of phytosphingosine associated with tooth brushing on color change, surface roughness, and microhardness of dental enamel - an in vitro and in situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:849-858. [PMID: 35831626 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the in vitro and in situ effects of phytosphingosine (PHS) associated with tooth brushing on color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of dental enamel. METHODS Sixty-four specimens of bovine teeth (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were separated into 8 groups (n = 8): S + TB: PHS (spray) + tooth brushing; TB + S: tooth brushing + PHS (spray); I + TB: PHS (immersion) + tooth brushing; TB + I: tooth brushing + PHS (immersion); TB: tooth brushing; S: PHS spray; I: immersion in PHS solution, and Saliva: immersion in saliva. Tooth brushing simulation (Mavtec, Brazil) was performed (356 rpm on 3.8 cm area by the toothbrush - Soft Tek) for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. PHS remained in contact with specimens for 15 min. The specimens were evaluated before and after tooth brushing for color alteration (Easy Shade, VITA), and surface roughness (Model SJ-201P Mitutoyo), and Knoop microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu Corporation). For the in situ analyses, 8 participants were recruited and received an intraoral device with 6 fragments of bovine enamel (6 × 6 × 2 mm). The properties evaluated were the same as those of the in vitro study. Participants were randomized following best results of in vitro tested protocols, for 15 days: TB, TB + S, I + TB. Data obtained by in vitro (two-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) and in situ (one-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) studies were analyzed. RESULTS The in vitro study showed that greater color change was found after 30 days. The greatest differences in surface roughness occurred between the initial value and after 1 day. Regarding microhardness, the highest values occurred after 15 and 30 days, which showed similar results. The in situ study showed greater color changes for the TB and I + TB, and greater surface roughness changes for TB as well as a similar increase in microhardness for the PHS protocols, which were higher than TB. CONCLUSIONS Phytosphingosine leads to an increase in performance regarding color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness when applied. In general, the application of PHS after brushing showed a positive impact on its performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Phytosphingosine proved to be interesting for compound prevention formulations in the dentistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Dental School of Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cavalcanti Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tonani-Torrieri
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Floris Jacob Bikker
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit and Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Park AH, Kulchar RJ, Susarla SM, Turton B, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Fewer Children in Families Associated with Lower Odds of Early Childhood Caries: A Sample from Three Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2195. [PMID: 36767562 PMCID: PMC9916343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood caries experience is influenced by family characteristics and oral health practices in the context of many social-commercial determinants. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between families' number of children, oral health practices and child caries experience in a convenience sample of 1374 children aged 6 months through 6 years and their families from Ecuador, Nepal, and Vietnam. Data were collected by mother interviews and child dental exams. Multivariate logistic and Zero-Inflated-Poisson regression analyses assessed associations between number of children, oral health practices and decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft). Families had a mean of 2.2 children (range 1-12); 72% of children had tooth decay, with mean dmft of 5.4. Adjusting for child age, sex, and urban/rural location, a greater number of children in the family was associated with significantly less likelihood of unhealthy bottle feeding practices, having a toothbrush/toothpaste and parent helping child brush, and being cavity-free; higher number of dmft, and greater likelihood of having a dental visit. Early childhood oral health promotion should include focus on oral hygiene and healthy feeding-particularly breastfeeding and healthy bottle feeding practices-as well as access to family planning services and support for childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Park
- Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rachel J. Kulchar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Bathsheba Turton
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Simionato AA, Vivanco RG, Tonani-Torrieri R, Arruda CNFD, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Whitening Effect of Different Toothpastes on Bovine Dental Enamel: an in situ study. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:61-70. [PMID: 36888846 PMCID: PMC10027098 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202304940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in situ study was to evaluate color change, surface roughness, gloss, and microhardness in tooth enamel submitted to whitening and remineralizing toothpastes. Fifteen healthy adults (REBEC - RBR-7p87yr) (with unstimulated salivary flow ≥ 1.5 ml for 5 minutes, pH=7) wore two intraoral devices containing four bovine dental fragments (6 x 6 x 2 mm). Participants were randomly assigned and instructed to toothbrush the devices with the tested toothpastes (30 days): CT: conventional; WT: whitening; WTP: whitening with peroxide, and RT: remineralizing toothpaste. A washout period of 7 days was established. Readouts of color, gloss, surface roughness, and microhardness were performed before and after brushing. The results demonstrated no color, gloss, and microhardness differences (p>0.5). The samples brushed with WTP (0.2(0.7) showed higher surface roughness (p=0.0493) than those with WT (-0.5(1.0). The toothpastes did not alter the properties of the dental enamel, except for the roughness. Toothpaste with an abrasive system based on sodium bicarbonate and silica, and that contains sodium carbonate peroxide increased the surface roughness of the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Agostinho Simionato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocío Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tonani-Torrieri
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mirnaya EA, Makarova OV, Polianskaya LN, Kupets TV, Kurilo MN, Zakharova IA, Pipiraite RA. [The contribution of the combined use of an electric toothbrush and specialized toothpaste for electric brushes to the dental health of young people aged 18-25 years]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2023; 102:27-33. [PMID: 37937920 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202310205127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to assess the impact of two toothpastes marked as «Whitening» and two electric toothbrushes on the dental health values of young adults aged 18-25 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 139 young adults 18-25 years old participated to assess the improvement of dental index score in dynamic observation. The study groups were formed by random sampling. RESULTS The effectiveness of two types of electric toothbrushes in combination with two different toothpastes has been studied. Significant improvement of oral health indices in 3 months of investigation was found in the study group with sonic electric brush and toothpaste specially designed for use with electric toothbrushes (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The study showed the benefit of combined use of sonic electric brush and low abrasive toothpaste containing bromelain, xylite, calcium glycerophosphate and magnesium chloride for dental health of young adults aged 18-25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mirnaya
- Belorussian State Medical University, Minsk, Belorussia
| | - O V Makarova
- Belorussian State Medical University, Minsk, Belorussia
| | | | - T V Kupets
- Distribution Retail Company group, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Kurilo
- Distribution Retail Company group, Moscow, Russia
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Jeong JS, Kim KS, Lee JW, Kim KD, Park W. Efficacy of tooth brushing via a three-dimensional motion tracking system for dental plaque control in school children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:626. [PMID: 36550451 PMCID: PMC9773603 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School children are in a developmental period in which permanent teeth replace primary dentition. It is also a period with a high incidence of gingivitis and caries, which can be improved with adequate tooth brushing. Advances in information technology have led to the development of smart health devices that assist in tooth brushing. We compared the effectiveness of computer-assisted toothbrushing using a toothbrushing instruction (TBI) method called the smart toothbrush and smart mirror (STM) system with that of conventional TBI (verbal instructions) for plaque control in school children. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial analyzed and compared the reduction of the modified Quigley-Hein plaque index between the two methods in 42 school children. The participants were randomly assigned to the STM system group (n = 21) or conventional-TBI group (n = 21). The plaque indices were evaluated at baseline, immediately after TBI (day 0), and 1 week and 1 month after TBI. RESULTS The STM system and conventional TBI led to an average reduction of 40.50% and 40.57%, respectively, in whole mouth plaque. Reductions in the plaque indices within each tested time period were observed in both groups (P < 0.001), and the mean plaque reduction did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS The present study tested a computer assisted system for TBI, more studies are needed to confirm its usefulness in different objectives. Clinical relevance The computer-assisted STM system may be an alternative of TBI for children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04627324) Registered 13/11/2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04627324 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sun Jeong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kyeong-Seop Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kee-Deog Kim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Wonse Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Gao X, Wong ML, Kalhan AC, Xie JJ, Siti Hajar H, Yeo ABK, Allen PF. Theory-derived intervention to improve oral health of older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064791. [PMID: 36523250 PMCID: PMC9748933 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changing health behaviours is an important and difficult task. Despite growing interest in behavioural theories and models, there is a paucity of research examining their validity in explaining oral health behaviours, and there is a need for interventional studies to assess their effectiveness in improving oral health. This study aims to test the explanatory power of the dominant psychological theories, develop theory-derived intervention and evaluate its effectiveness in improving oral health of older adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 440 community dwelling older adults will be recruited. To be eligible for this trial, one needs to be 55-79 years old, having at least 8 natural teeth, and with no life-threatening disease, impaired cognitive function, or radiotherapy in the head and neck region. At the initial visit, each participant will be required to complete a detailed questionnaire which collects information on sociodemographic background, oral health behaviours and domains of three psychological theories and models: (1) health belief model, (2) theory of planned behaviour and (3) social cognitive theory. The theory or model that best explains the health behaviours will be selected for designing the oral health intervention. The effectiveness of the theory-derived intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups, receiving theory-derived intervention and conventional health education, respectively. At baseline and at 12 and 24 months post intervention, each participant will complete a short questionnaire and undergo an oral examination (dental check-up). The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated using behavioural outcomes (diet, toothbrushing, interdental cleaning) and clinical outcomes (oral hygiene, dental caries and periodontal conditions). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of National University of Singapore (Ref: NUS-IRB-2020-417). Findings will be presented in international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04946292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mun Loke Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Monaco A, Cossolo M, Procaccini A, Ferri C. Home oral hygiene is associated with blood pressure profiles: Results of a nationwide survey in Italian pharmacies. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1234-1243. [PMID: 36089901 PMCID: PMC9826426 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontal diseases are associated with cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, and whether home oral hygiene practices are inversely related to the same conditions could carry relevant practical implications. We investigated the association of home oral hygiene habits with hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS During World Hypertension Day 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted on volunteers ≥18 years at 733 Italian pharmacies. Participants underwent standardized blood pressure (BP) measurement and answered a questionnaire on cardiovascular risk factors, oral health status, and home oral hygiene habits (toothbrushing daily frequency and manual/electric toothbrush). The association between home oral care habits and BP was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Interactions between exposures and outcome were formally tested. RESULTS Among the 4506 participants (44.8% males, 66.1 ± 37.8 years), 47.6% reported brushing ≥3 times/day and 23.4% declared using the electric toothbrush. Brushing ≥3 versus <3 times/day and use of electric versus manual toothbrush were associated with 19% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.94) and 28% (OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85) lower odds of hypertension, respectively. No significant additive interaction was observed in the association of exposures with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Regular daily brushing and electric toothbrushing are associated with a better BP profile in a real-world context. Future interdisciplinary research is warranted to test these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
- Dept. of Medicine | Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Young Investigators Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Dept. of Medicine | Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
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Fageeh HN, Mansour MA, Fageeh HI, Hummadi A, Khurayzi T, Marran K, Alqunfuthi N, Patil S. Dental Plaque Removal with Two Special Needs Toothbrushes in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Parallel-Group Randomised Clinical Trial of Efficacy. Oral Health Prev Dent 2022; 20:501-508. [PMID: 36448278 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3630331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of two varieties of special needs toothbrushes in terms of dental plaque removal and bacterial contamination vs a conventional toothbrush in patients with Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-blinded, two-group, randomised clinical trial included 16 patients diagnosed with Down syndrome (age 6-15 years) from various special needs centers located in the Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups based on the type of special needs toothbrush provided (Collis Curve or superfine nano). The plaque and bleeding indices of the patients in both groups were measured at baseline (T0) and both groups were initially given a conventional toothbrush to use for four weeks. After this period, the plaque and bleeding indices were re-evaluated (T1). The patients were instructed to use the special needs toothbrush for 4 weeks, after which the periodontal indices were re-evaluated (T2). Microbial contamination on the bristles of the special needs brushes was evaluated at T2. RESULTS No notable changes in the mean plaque and bleeding indices were observed between the two groups at each visit; however, statistically significant reductions were noted between visits in both groups (p < 0.05). The CFU scores in cultures from the Collis Curve toothbrush bristles (1411.5 ± 541.1) were higher than those obtained from the superfine nano-toothbrush bristles (1118.3 ± 423.9), but without statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the use of special needs toothbrushes can statistically significantly improve the gingival health status in individuals with Down syndrome in terms of both resolution of periodontal inflammation and reduction of plaque accumulation.
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Bock B, Guentsch A, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Filz C, Rudovsky M, Schüler IM. Effect of Individualized Oral Health Care Training Provided to 6-16-Year-Old Psychiatric In-Patients-Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15615. [PMID: 36497687 PMCID: PMC9740340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effect of individualized oral health care training (IndOHCT) administered to 6-16-year-old psychiatric in-patients on dental plaque removal. METHODS 74 in-patients with mental health disorders (49 males) aged 6-16 years with a mean age of 10.4 ± 2.3 years, were randomly divided into two equal groups. At the start of hospitalization, one calibrated dentist assessed the oral health status in the hospital setting. In-patients of the intervention group (IG) received IndOHCT, while those of the control group (CG) got an information flyer. Dental plaque was assessed by the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein-Index (TI) at the start (t0) and at the end of hospitalization before (t1a) and after (t1b) autonomous tooth brushing. RESULTS During hospitalisation, the TI was reduced in both groups (t0→t1a: IG = -0.1; CG = -0.2, p = 0.71). However, in-patients receiving IndOHCT achieved significantly higher plaque reduction rates than the controls when plaque values before and after autonomous tooth brushing were compared (t1a→t1b: IG = -1.0; CG = -0.8; p = 0.02). The effect size (ES) demonstrates the efficacy of IndOHCT (ES = 0.53), especially in children with mixed dentition (ES = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS IndOHCT enabled hospitalized children and adolescents with mental health disorders to achieve a better plaque reduction by tooth brushing but failed to improve self-controlled routine oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bock
- Section of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | | | - Christina Filz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Rudovsky
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ina M. Schüler
- Section of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Pulfer AM, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Salivary Flow Rate During Toothbrushing. Oral Health Prev Dent 2022; 20:465-474. [PMID: 36416604 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the salivary flow rate and subsequent dilution of toothpaste and assess the pH of oral fluids during toothbrushing with toothpastes of various pHs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted as an in-vivo trial involving 30 healthy volunteers. The participants took part in a series of trials distributed over four appointments. After a screening check, in which the participants' stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacities were determined, four test series involving toothbrushing were conducted. Participants brushed their teeth using a manual toothbrush for 2 min: once without toothpaste and three times using toothpastes of varying pHs. The salivary flow rate and subsequent dilution of the toothpaste was determined. Additionally, the pH of the collected oral fluid was analysed. RESULTS Brushing teeth with toothpaste caused a statistically significant increase in salivary flow rate (median/IQR in ml/min) (Elmex Kariesschutz 3.29/1.36, Colgate Total Original 3.23/1.08, Elmex Sensitive Professional 3.18/1.39) when compared to brushing teeth using a manual toothbrush without toothpaste (1.85/0.78) (p < 0.05). The variation in pH of the oral fluid samples was dictated primarily by the pH of the toothpaste used. CONCLUSION The salivary flow rate when brushing using toothpaste was similar across all tested toothpastes, independent of pH, and had an average median of 3.23 ml/min. The dilution of 1 g of toothpaste during a standard toothbrushing procedure of 2 min is therefore approximately at a ratio of one part toothpaste to 6.5 parts saliva.
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Zoller MJ, Lasance FA, Hamza B, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Interplay Between the In-Vitro Cleaning Performance and Wear of Manual Toothbrushes. Oral Health Prev Dent 2022; 20:457-464. [PMID: 36416603 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3601687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in-vitro study deals with the question of whether the wear and tear of the manual toothbrush over a simulated timeframe up to 24 months has an effect on its cleaning performance. The purpose was to find indications as to whether and when a toothbrush needs to be replaced based on its cleaning performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Models equipped with artificial teeth (coated with titanium dioxide) were brushed in-vitro using a brushing machine with clamped manual toothbrushes. The machine carried out even, horizontal brush strokes (120 brush strokes/min) for 1 min with a constant contact pressure of 2.5 N. The percentage of the area of titanium dioxide removed from the buccal, mesial and distal surfaces of the artificial teeth corresponded to the cleaning performance. The manual toothbrushes were used on bovine roots to simulate the wear and tear after 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24 months of use. The cleaning performance was re-evaluated after each simulated timepoint of wear. In addition, the brushes were photographed after each cycle. RESULTS An increase in the in-vitro cleaning performance of the toothbrush was observed up to 6 months of wear compared to the starting point. After that, the cleaning performance decreased somewhat, but always remained above the initial cleaning performance. CONCLUSION Based on the in-vitro cleaning performance after 24 months, the toothbrush would not have to be replaced. However, this in-vitro study cannot determine when a toothbrush should be replaced, because in-vivo it is also dependent on a variety of other factors such as fraying and microbial colonisation. Direct transfer of results from this study to everyday clinical practice is therefore difficult.
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Jung K, Giese-Kraft K, Fischer M, Schulze K, Schlueter N, Ganss C. Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner-A tool for whole mouth planimetry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276686. [PMID: 36288348 PMCID: PMC9604992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Planimetry is a reliable method for detecting and monitoring plaque. Until now, this method has mainly been applied to conventional-camera images, which is difficult and time-consuming in relation to the entire dentition. Today, 3D-intraoral-scans are well suited for imaging the entire dentition and are therefore an efficient and feasible alternative. 3D-intraoral-scans have already proven successful for the quantification of plaque based on a plaque index. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate whether images from 3D-intraoral-scans are also suitable for valid planimetric plaque measurements and monitoring; intraoral-camera images served as a reference. Twenty subjects (27.5±1.2 years) were included. Plaque was disclosed at three different time points: habitual plaque (T1), after 72 h without oral hygiene (T2) and after subsequent tooth brushing (T3) and quantified using 3D-intraoral-scans and intraoral-camera images (intraoral-camera CS 1500, intraoral-scanner CS 3600; Carestream Dental, Germany). The percentage of the plaque-covered surface of the total surface area (P%) was determined with a software specially programmed for this purpose using images from 3D-intraoral-scans of the oral and vestibular surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, and 44); the intraoral-camera images of the vestibular surfaces of 16 and 36 served as reference. P% from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan and the intraoral-camera revealed a very good correlation (r = 0.876; p ≤ 0.001); the Bland-Altmann analysis showed a good agreement with no proportional and a very minor systematic bias with slightly higher values from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan. Further, P% measurements of the images of the 3D-intraoral-scan were able to detect changes in plaque levels, showing a 47% (p ≤ 0.001) increase in P% from T1 to T2 and a 43% (p ≤ 0.001) decrease after toothbrushing (T3). Planimetry using images of the 3D-intraoral-scan seems to be a suitable tool for whole mouth planimetry to record and monitor dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Jung
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katja Giese-Kraft
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Fischer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolina Ganss
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Liu S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Zhang S, Thearmontree A. Effects of Parental Migration on Dental Caries of Six- to Eight-Year-Old Children Using Structural Equation Modeling. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13470. [PMID: 36294059 PMCID: PMC9602841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to document the relationship between dental caries, oral health behaviors, and the duration of parental migration in rural Yunnan, China, from September to December 2020. Seven rural primary schools with high parental migration were studied. The oral health status of 500 six- to eight-year-old students was assessed using clinical examination and caregivers' interviews. A total of 51.8% of the children had at least one parent absent for at least 6 months (left-behind children). Among those children with parental migration <6 months, 40.0% consumed sugar twice or more daily and 82.8% of those with parental migration from 6 to 12 months brushed once a day or less. The percentage of daily sugar consumption twice or more and brushing once or less among those without parental migration were 36.0% and 68.6%. Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) in children without parental migration and those whose parental migration <6 months, 6 to <12 months, and ≤12 months were 30.9%, 20.0%, 28.7% and 19.8%, respectively. Out of several other causal pathways between parental migration and dental caries, our structural equation model delineated that sugar consumption is the important mediator variable. Special education programs may be needed to educate caregivers on sugar consumption for the left-behind children in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Liu
- Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Community Dentistry Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Shinan Zhang
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Angkana Thearmontree
- Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Community Dentistry Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Opydo-Szymaczek J, Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. Fluoride Intake and Salivary Fluoride Retention after Using High-Fluoride Toothpaste Followed by Post-Brushing Water Rinsing and Conventional (1400-1450 ppm) Fluoride Toothpastes Used without Rinsing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13235. [PMID: 36293818 PMCID: PMC9603037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fluoride intake and salivary fluoride levels after brushing with conventional (1400-1450 ppm) fluoride toothpaste containing different fluoride agents: amine fluoride (AmF), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), potassium fluoride (KF), and a high-fluoride (5000 ppm) toothpaste containing NaF. Fourteen volunteers took part in the study. They were instructed to brush and spit without rinsing after using conventional toothpaste or brush and rinse with water after using a high-fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride concentrations were determined using ion-selective fluoride (09-37 type) in the saliva samples before and after procedures. Fluoride intake was estimated based on fluoride recovered after brushing. Additionally, the amount of fluoride present in the oral fluids and lost during the rapid clearance phase after toothbrushing was calculated based on salivary fluoride levels and saliva flow immediately after brushing. Salivary fluoride after using high-fluoride toothpaste was significantly higher than those observed after conventional products. Two hours after brushing, salivary fluoride concentrations did not differ significantly from baseline values (p > 0.05) unless a high-fluoride product was used. Results indicate that by refraining from rinsing after brushing with conventional toothpaste, we cannot obtain fluoride retention in saliva as with high-fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride ingestion was higher after using a high-fluoride product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Giles E, Wray F, Eskyte I, Gray-Burrows KA, Owen J, Bhatti A, Zoltie T, McEachan R, Marshman Z, Pavitt S, West RM, Day PF. HABIT: Health visitors delivering Advice in Britain on Infant Toothbrushing - an early-phase feasibility study of a complex oral health intervention. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059665. [PMID: 36216423 PMCID: PMC9557312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct an early-phase feasibility study of an oral health intervention, Health visitors delivering Advice on Britain on Infant Toothbrushing (HABIT), delivered by Health Visitors to parents of children aged 9-12 months old. DESIGN A mixed-methods, early-phase, non-controlled, feasibility study. PARTICIPANTS Recruitment consisted of Group A-HABIT-trained Health Visitors (n=11) and Group B-parents of children aged 9-12 months old about to receive their universal health check (n=35). SETTING Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. INTERVENTION A multidisciplinary team co-developed digital and paper-based training resources with health visitors and parents of young children. The intervention comprised of two components: (A) training for health visitors to deliver the HABIT intervention and (B) HABIT resources for parents, including a website, videos, toothbrushing demonstration and a paper-based leaflet with an oral health action plan. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Recruitment, retention and intervention delivery were analysed as key process outcomes for Groups A and B. Group B demographics, self-reported toothbrushing behaviours, dietary habits and three objective measures of toothbrushing including plaque scores were collected at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months post intervention. RESULTS HABIT intervention delivery was feasible. Although the intended sample size was recruited (Group A=11 and Group B=35) it was more challenging than anticipated. Retention of Group B participants to final data collection was satisfactory (n=26). Total compliance with toothbrushing guidelines at baseline was low (30%), but significantly improved and was maintained 3 months after the intervention (68%). Plaque scores improved post intervention and participants found video recording of toothbrushing acceptable. Dietary habits remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSION This feasibility study has demonstrated that HABIT is an appropriate oral health intervention. Adaptions to the study design are recommended to maximise recruitment and data collection in a definitive study. These quantitative findings have demonstrated an early signal of impact for improved oral health behaviours for young children at high risk of decay. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN55332414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Giles
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Faye Wray
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ieva Eskyte
- School of Law, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jenny Owen
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amrit Bhatti
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tim Zoltie
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute of Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Z Marshman
- University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue Pavitt
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert M West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter F Day
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Community Dental Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Grender J, Goyal CR, Qaqish J, Timm H, Adam R. Gingival health effects with an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations and a novel brush head designed for stain control: Results from a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Am J Dent 2022; 35:219-226. [PMID: 36261400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reduction of plaque and gingivitis by an oscillating-rotating (O-R) smart-connected electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations used with a novel brush head designed for stain control versus a manual toothbrush. METHODS 100 adult subjects with evidence of gingivitis and plaque were enrolled in this single-center, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel-group, controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to either the O-R toothbrush used in whitening mode (Oral-B iO with Radiant White brush head) or the manual toothbrush (Oral-B Indicator). Subjects brushed twice daily with their assigned toothbrush and a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice. At baseline, week 1, and week 12, gingivitis was assessed with the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and plaque was assessed with the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI). Gingival case status was classified as " healthy" (< 10% bleeding sites) or "not healthy" (≤ 10% bleeding sites) according to the standard of the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology. RESULTS All 100 subjects who were randomized to treatment completed the study. At baseline, the gingival case status for all subjects was classified as "not healthy". By week 12, 86% of subjects in the O-R brush group had transitioned to a " healthy" case status, in contrast to 20% of subjects in the manual toothbrush group (P< 0.001). The reduction in the adjusted mean number of bleeding sites from baseline was greater for the O-R brush group than for the manual brush group [at week 12, by 24.5 (74.6%) vs. by 7.8 (23.7%), respectively; P< 0.001]. Reductions for adjusted mean MGI and GBI scores were likewise statistically significantly greater for the O-R brush group relative to those of the manual brush group (P< 0.001). The O-R brush also provided greater relative reductions in adjusted mean whole mouth, gingival margin and approximal RMNPI scores at week 12 (P< 0.001), and plaque was similarly reduced in the lingual and buccal subregions (P< 0.001). Significant between-group plaque reductions favoring the O-R brush were observed for all regions as early as first use (P< 0.001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this 12-week study support the recommendation of the O-R toothbrush with micro-vibrations, used in whitening mode with a novel brush head designed for stain control, so patients motivated by esthetic desires can personalize their brushing experience without compromising cleaning and gingival health efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C R Goyal
- Clinical Operations, All Sum Research Center Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy Qaqish
- Clinical Operations, All Sum Research Center Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Timm
- Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Kronberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Adam
- Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Kronberg, Germany
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141
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Schmidt P, Suchy LC, Schulte AG. Oral Health Care of People with Down Syndrome in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191912435. [PMID: 36231733 PMCID: PMC9564659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a dearth of information on preventive and supportive oral care for people with Down Syndrome (PDS) in Germany, caregivers of PDS were surveyed on the topic. METHODS An anonymized questionnaire was sent to the 610 members of the German Down Syndrome Association. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Witten/Herdecke University (# 165/2017). RESULTS The parents/caregivers of 207 PDS responded. These PDS were between 1 and 55 years old (mean age 24.4 years) and included 111 males and 96 females. At their first dental appointment, 40.7% (n = 82) had been younger than three years. Although 78.3% (n = 162) tooth brushed twice daily, only 30.9% (n = 64) brushed for 2-3 min; 84.0% (n = 135) did not use other dental hygiene products apart from toothbrushes. Age-specific differences were found: Although only 30.8% (n = 12) of PDS < 18 years (n = 39) independently performed dental self-care; this was 67.3% (n = 113) for PDS ≥ 18 years (n = 168). A statistically significant (p < 0.001; Chi-Square-Test) difference in toothbrush preferences emerged: While PDS < 18 years mainly used manual toothbrushes, PDS ≥ 18 years preferred electric toothbrushes. In contrast to 72.6% of PDS ≥ 18 years, only 51.3% of PDS < 18 years accepted most types of toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS Age-dependent differences in tooth brushing behaviour became evident within the group of PDS in Germany. Hence, better age-specific, inter-professional dental prophylaxis concepts need to be developed and offered for all age groups of PDS. These concepts should include personalized check-up intervals and hands-on instruction in dental hygiene procedures by dental practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmidt
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Child Neurology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Laura C. Suchy
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Andreas G. Schulte
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
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142
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Panjwani D, Pai M, Yellapurkar S, Poddar AA, Rajesh G. Novel behavioral model in evaluating initiation and sustenance of teeth brushing behavior among students pursuing health sciences: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:389. [PMID: 36250000 PMCID: PMC9490284 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.103077.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Oral hygiene maintenance is a crucial and integral feature in determining the overall wellbeing of a person. It has been established that interventions for health promotion at the public health level derived from theoretical models based on social and behavioural sciences have a superior effectiveness as compared to the ones without a theoretical background. Hence a novel behavioral model known as the multi-theory model (MTM) was used to understand two important aspects of health behavior change: (i) Initiation and (ii) Sustenance in twice daily teeth brushing in a university setting with objectives to identify factors effecting MTM in initiation and sustenance of twice daily brushing behavior among students pursuing health sciences and correlating the MTM theory with socio-demographic and behavioral patterns. Methods: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Students pursuing Medicine and Dentistry in a University setting were included. A validated questionnaire was designed for this study. Questions were framed to evaluate the constructs of initiation and sustenance of MTM, personality, sleeping habits and demographic corelates of participants. Multiple means between the groups were compared using analysis of variance and a post hoc test. Correlation was established between different domains, the items were then entered for hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Of the 235 participants in the study, 229 completed the questionnaire. There was a significant association between brushing quartiles, professional streams (p<0.001) and academic performance (p<0.001). The hierarchical multiple regression revealed that at stage one, behavioral confidence contributed significantly to the regression model (F (1,227) = 33.227, p<0.001) and accounted for 12.4% of the variation in twice daily brushing. Conclusion: MTM is a good tool in predicting the initiation and sustenance of twice daily brushing behavior among young adults and can form a useful tool in assessing the patterns of brushing behavior in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Panjwani
- Public health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal., Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Mithun Pai
- Public health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal., Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Shweta Yellapurkar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Aayush Anand Poddar
- Public health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal., Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Gururagavendra Rajesh
- Public Health, School Of Public health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
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143
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Tărăboanță I, Gelețu G, Stoleriu S, Iovan G, Tofan N, Tărăboanță-Gamen AC, Georgescu A, Popa CG, Andrian S. In Vitro Evaluation of Gastric Acid and Toothbrushing Effect on the Surface State of Different Types of Composite Resins. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091281. [PMID: 36143960 PMCID: PMC9506039 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of gastric acid associated with the effect of toothbrushing on the surface roughness of different types of composite resin used for direct restorations. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study were two microhybrid (Filtek Z250, Herculite XRV) and two nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, Herculite XRV Ultra) composite resins. Two hundred and forty cylindrical samples with a height of 2 mm and a diameter of 6 mm were divided into four groups (groups A, B, C and D) corresponding to each tested material (n = 60). Each group was divided in two subgroups: subgroup I—the samples were submersed in hydrochloric acid and immediately submitted to toothbrushing; subgroup II—the samples were submitted only to toothbrushing. The simulation of the acid attack was performed by immersing the samples in a 0.01 M hydrochloric acid solution for 90 min. This procedure was followed immediately by toothbrushing simulation with 10,000 cycles. The acid attack and toothbrushing simulation were performed for two times. The surface roughness evaluation was performed with a Proscan 2100 profilometer. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: Simulation of one year of toothbrushing associated or not to hydrochloric acid exposure increases the surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. Six months of toothbrushing associated to six months of hydrochloric acid exposure increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins. Conclusions: Microhybrid composite resins surface becomes rougher after toothbrush and acid submersion when comparing to nanohybrid composite resins.
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Folayan MO, Zuniga RAA, Ezechi OC, Brown B, Nguyen AL, Aly NM, Ellakany P, Idigbe IE, Khan ATA, Lawal FB, Jafer M, Gaffar B, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Virtanen JI, Lusher J, El Tantawi M. Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191811550. [PMID: 36141821 PMCID: PMC9516999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between emotional distress, sleep changes, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, and self-reported oral ulcers, and the association between COVID-19 status and decreased frequency of tooth brushing. Using a cross-sectional online survey, data were collected from adults in 152 countries between July and December 2020. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between dependent (decreased frequency of tooth brushing, oral ulcers, change in sleep pattern) and independent (tested positive for COVID-19, depression, anxiety, frustration/boredom, loneliness, anger, and grief/feeling of loss) variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, level of education, employment status). Of the 14,970 participants data analyzed, 1856 (12.4%) tested positive for COVID-19. Respondents who reported feeling depressed (AoR: 1.375), lonely (AoR: 1.185), angry (AoR: 1.299), and experienced sleep changes (AoR:1.466) had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency. Respondents who felt anxious (AoR: 1.255), angry (AoR: 1.510), grief/sense of loss (AoR: 1.236), and sleep changes (AoR: 1.262) had significantly higher odds of oral ulcers. Respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency (AoR: 1.237) and oral ulcers (AoR: 2.780). These findings highlight that the relationship between emotional distress and oral health may intensify during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Post Graduate School, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca 70805, Mexico
| | - Oliver C. Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92501, USA
| | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifeoma E. Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Superior University Lahore, Main Raiwind Road Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Provost’s Group, Regent’s University London, London NW1 4NS, UK
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
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Chawłowska E, Karasiewicz M, Lipiak A, Cofta M, Fechner B, Lewicka-Rabska A, Pruciak A, Gerreth K. Exploring the Relationships between Children's Oral Health and Parents' Oral Health Knowledge, Literacy, Behaviours and Adherence to Recommendations: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191811288. [PMID: 36141563 PMCID: PMC9517628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although preventable, early childhood caries (ECC) is a burdening condition in all WHO regions, with Poland being one of the most affected countries in Europe. Effective home-based prevention of ECC is available and recommended by several expert bodies. Therefore, we wanted to determine how well parents were following selected oral health recommendations in preschool children. Additionally, we wanted to determine which socioeconomic factors influenced such practices the most, and how parents' oral health literacy and behaviours affected the oral hygiene and oral health status of their children. A cross-sectional survey involving 2338 parents and caregivers of children from 167 kindergartens was performed. Children's oral hygiene and oral health status were found to be associated with parents' education and economic status. They were also strongly influenced by parental health literacy and behaviours. With respect to recommendations for preschoolers, the lowest adherence was found in the use of fluoride toothpaste and its age-appropriate amount, supervision of toothbrushing, and refraining from eating after last toothbrushing. The improvement in these areas could be achieved thanks to the involvement of health professionals such as gynaecologists, midwives, and primary care personnel in efforts aimed at increasing parents' oral health knowledge and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chawłowska
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Karasiewicz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lipiak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cofta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Brittany Fechner
- Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewicka-Rabska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Pruciak
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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146
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Tărăboanță I, Buhățel D, Nica I, Stoleriu S, Ghiorghe AC, Pancu G, Tărăboanță-Gamen AC, Andrian S. The Impact of Simulated Gastric Acid and Toothbrushing on Surface Characteristics of Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cements. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58091149. [PMID: 36143826 PMCID: PMC9505092 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric acid associated with toothbrushing on the surface condition of three resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGIC). Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty samples of each material were obtained and included in three study groups according to the tested material: Group I (Ionolux, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany); Group II (Vitremer, 3 M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); and Group III (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The samples were submersed in hydrochloric acid 0.01 M (pH 3.8) for 3 h and exposed to a toothbrushing procedure at a frequency of 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles immediately or 30 min after the acid attack. Profilometric measurements were performed by using a non-contact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) in order to assess the surface roughness. ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Exposure of RMGICs to the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing 30 min after the chemical attack increased the surface roughness of all three RMGICs. Exposure of the three tested materials exclusively to the action of hydrochloric acid did not affect the surface roughness. Conclusions: One year of hydrochloric acid challenge associated with one year of toothbrushing with medium-hardness bristles performed 30 min after the acid attack increase the surface roughness of two of the three types of RMGIC tested (Ionolux and Fuji II LC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Tărăboanță
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Buhățel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (I.N.); Tel.: +40-745-390-915 (D.B.); +40-744-920-611 (I.N.)
| | - Irina Nica
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (I.N.); Tel.: +40-745-390-915 (D.B.); +40-744-920-611 (I.N.)
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Angela Cristina Ghiorghe
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Galina Pancu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Sorin Andrian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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147
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Ashley P, Duane B, Johnstone M, Lyne A. The environmental impact of community caries prevention - part 2: toothbrushing programmes. Br Dent J 2022; 233:295-302. [PMID: 36028694 PMCID: PMC9412791 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Community-level caries prevention programmes includes supervised toothbrushing in schools and the provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste. The environmental impact of these interventions is an important factor to consider when commissioning these services.Materials and methods A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to quantify the environmental impact of a five-year-old child receiving one of two toothbrushing programmes over a one-year period; supervised toothbrushing in school, or the provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste.Results Supervised toothbrushing had a lower environmental impact than provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste in all 16 impact categories measured. The water use needed for children to brush their teeth was the greatest contributing factor to the provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste, accounting for an average of 48.65% of the impact results.Discussion All community-level caries prevention programmes have an associated environmental cost. LCA is one way to quantify the environmental impact of healthcare services and can be used along with cost and clinical effectives data to inform public healthcare policy. Organisations responsible for these programmes could use the results of this study to consider ways to reduce the environmental impact of their services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ashley
- Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, Rockefeller, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.
| | - Brett Duane
- Dental Public Health, Dublin Dental Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D02 F859, Ireland
| | - Mark Johnstone
- Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust, Capital House, Jubilee Way, Faversham, Kent, ME13 8GD, UK
| | - Alexandra Lyne
- Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, Rockefeller, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
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148
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Han SJ. The Use of Interdental Care Products in Korean Adults Aged 30 Years and Older and Factors Affecting Their Use: 4th to 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148639. [PMID: 35886497 PMCID: PMC9323650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the use of interdental care products (ICPs) among adults in Korea, reconfirm their relevance to periodontal health, and identify factors affecting the use of ICPs. Data from 2007 to 2018 from the National Health Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) were used, and 43,069 adults (18,412 men, 24,657 women) aged 30 years or older were included. The frequency and percentage of ICP use according to the characteristics of the subjects are presented. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the factors affecting ICP use. The ICP usage rate of participants in the KNHANES phase gradually increased to 22.8% in the 4th, 26.4% in the 5th, and 38.0% in the 6th phase and then decreased to 36.3% in the 7th phase. The adjusted OR values for periodontal health in ICP users were 0.721 for gingivitis and 0.642 for periodontitis, confirming that ICP was associated with a lower prevalence of these conditions. Sex, age, educational level, household income, toothbrushing, and dental check-ups were related to ICP use in all phases. ICP was associated with improved periodontal health, but its use rate was very low. Therefore, oral health professionals should educate adults on the use of ICP, particularly interdental brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
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149
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Kayaaltı-Yüksek S, Yıldırım S. Effect of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5979-5988. [PMID: 35834000 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, and observational study was conducted with 60 children, aged 8-12, who were recruited to high dental anxiety level (HDAL) and low dental anxiety level (LDAL) groups. Both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (with or without Mozart's music). In the Mozart's music subgroups, children were exposed to Mozart's Sonata for 7 min and toothbrushing training was given accompanied by music. The training was instructed to the second subgroup without listening to Mozart's music. The periodontal measurements were repeated after 15 days. Three-factor variance analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores in the follow-up visits for all groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease was found in PI values between groups with or without music in those with HDAL (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups with or without music in those with LDAL (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Listening to Mozart's music before toothbrushing training had a significant effect on plaque removal in children with high dental anxiety, while Mozart's music did not have a positive effect in the group with low dental anxiety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Mozart's music may be beneficial in oral hygiene education for children with high dental anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kayaaltı-Yüksek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fahim M, Sharma V, Duong TQ. A Wearable-based Preventive Model To Promote Oral Health Through Personalized Notification. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:4282-4285. [PMID: 36086303 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technology has great potential to develop human-centric healthcare applications. It reshapes our lifestyle by providing information related to physical activities, sleep monitoring, or heartbeat rhythms. In this paper, we present an innovative model for oral healthcare, which is prevention-focused to notify individuals about cleaning teeth activity. It is based on a wrist-worn accelerometer device and has two components-first, a computationally lightweight feature extractor-secondly, a robust feed-forward neural network to recognize the cleaning teeth activity. The model performance is measured using standard performance metric F1 - score (i.e., 98%), which shows the applicability in a real-life scenario. The trained model can reside inside the smartwatch as a wrist-worn wearable. It would generate personalized notifications if s/he skipped the toothbrush activity. Furthermore, it notifies the users to change the toothbrush after three months, reducing the cognitive burden. Clinical Relevance-This work help the individuals to maintain their oral health using smartwatches as a wearable device.
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