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Urban N, Martinez D, Zhou Y, Toda M, Xu X, Kegeles L, Slifstein M, Pearlson G, Krystal J, Abi-Dargham A. New probes for imaging dopamine transmission in at risk subjects for alcoholism. Neuroimage 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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52
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Ueda Y, Toda M, Nishikawa M, Kondo K, Tanaka K. Effects of repetitive ELM-like heat pulses on tungsten surface morphology. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Data for the arsenic content in various foods were collated. The number of collected values was about 2500 columns, which enables an estimation of the range of arsenic contents in each food group. Data were categorized into six groups (crops, milk/meat/egg, fish, algae, seafood, others) and expressed as a percentile graph. In addition, the inorganic arsenic ratio of each food group was estimated. This approach enabled the authors to understand the arsenic contents of some food groups at a glance. The intake of inorganic arsenic seems to be mostly from seafood. The contribution from other categories of food is small.
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Toda M, Tsukinoki R, Morimoto K. Measurement of salivary adiponectin levels. Acta Diabetol 2007; 44:20-2. [PMID: 17357881 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-007-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We designed a method for measuring salivary adiponectin. In 188 healthy males, salivary adiponectin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit for plasma with minor modifications. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for salivary adiponectin ranged from 0.6 to 4.9 and 1.1 to 9.8%, respectively. Salivary adiponectin levels ranged from 0.37 to 6.42 ng/ml, exceeding the kit's detection limit. For the over-43 age group, there was a significant correlation between plasma and salivary adiponectin levels (p<0.000001). These findings suggest the possibilities of salivary adiponectin as a marker of increased risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease.
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Riecken S, Schmidt H, Darcan Y, Janssen O, Becker W, Adler HS, Christ S, Raps C, Hofmann C, Scheurer S, Vieths S, Steinbrink K, Ilchmann A, Waibler Z, Kalinke U, Toda M, Hompes S, Behrendt N, Schoepke N, Dölle S, Zuberbier T, Worm M, Dolle S, Fiedler E. Nahrungsmittel/Gastrointestinaltrakt. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03370559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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56
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Tsubouchi H, Shimoya K, Hayashi S, Toda M, Morimoto K, Murata Y. Effect of coffee intake on blood flow and maternal stress during the third trimester of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 92:19-22. [PMID: 16242134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of maternal ingestion of an ordinary dose of coffee on maternal stress and placental and fetal blood circulation during the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS We performed a Doppler blood flow analysis for 10 women in the third trimester of pregnancy before and after they drank a cup of coffee. Salivary samples were collected from the 10 pregnant women and 14 nonpregnant controls just before coffee intake and 30 min later. Salivary cortisol levels and chromogranin A titers were determined. RESULTS Coffee intake had no effect on maternal or fetal blood flow. Among the pregnant women, Salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced after coffee intake but salivary chromogranin A concentration was not significantly different before and after coffee intake. CONCLUSION The reduced salivary cortisol levels suggest that coffee intake decreases maternal stress during pregnancy.
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Hashimoto I, Yoshinaga R, Toda M, Nakanishi H. Intractable malleolar bursitis treated with lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flap. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2003; 56:701-3. [PMID: 12969671 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1226(03)00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the malleolar bursa, which is an adventitious bursa, rarely progress to intractable infectious bursitis. We present two cases of intractable malleolar bursitis. We performed successful transplantation of the lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flap that resulted in healing of the bursitis. We discuss classification of bursae, treatments for bursitis and characteristics of the lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flap.
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58
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Tamura Y, Kawaguchi J, Serizawa N, Hirahara K, Shiraishi A, Nigi H, Taniguchi Y, Toda M, Inouye S, Takemori T, Sakaguchi M. Analysis of sequential immunoglobulin E-binding epitope of Japanese cedar pollen allergen (Cry j 2) in humans, monkeys and mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:211-7. [PMID: 12580914 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; CJ) pollinosis has been reported to occur naturally in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) as well as in humans. Most human patients and monkeys with pollinosis have specific IgE for Cry j 2, a major allergen of CJ pollen. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to identify IgE B cell epitopes of Cry j 2 using a synthetic peptide in humans, monkeys and mice. METHODS We synthesized 38 overlapping peptides that span the entire length of Cry j 2. We examined the B cell epitopes of Cry j 2 that are recognized by IgE in the sera of human patients and monkeys with pollinosis and immunized mice using synthetic peptides of Cry j 2. We also examined the reaction of Cry j 2-specific mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies to the peptides. Furthermore, we conducted a histamine release assay with leucocytes from a pollinosis patient using human serum albumin (HSA) conjugated with the peptides as a B cell epitope. RESULTS We found that 16 of the 20 pollinosis patients who had specific IgE to Cry j 2 also exhibited IgE reaction with some Cry j 2 peptides. Of these 16 patients, 10 exhibited IgE reaction with Cry j 2 peptide no. 13 (121GQCKWVNGREICNDRDRPTA140). Five of the seven monkeys with CJ pollinosis exhibited a reaction with peptide no. 13. Furthermore, IgE in mice immunized with Cry j 2 and two mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies reacted with peptide no. 13. Peptide no. 13-conjugated HSA showed the release of histamine from basophils. Furthermore, to determine the minimum epitope in peptide no. 13, we conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition test. The core of the epitope in humans, monkeys and mice was 124KWVNGREI131. CONCLUSION We found that 124KWVNGREI131 is an important B cell epitope recognized by IgE in humans, monkeys and mice.
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Toda M, Hikida T, Okada S, Ota H. Contrasting patterns of genetic variation in the two sympatric geckos Gekko tawaensis and G. japonicus (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Japan, as revealed by allozyme analyses. Heredity (Edinb) 2003; 90:90-7. [PMID: 12522431 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Allozyme variation in two congeneric sympatric geckos, Gekko tawaensis and G. japonicus, from western Japan was examined. These species show similar densities and spatial arrangements of populations in this region, and their genetic structures are thus expected to have been formed under the influences of comparable geohistorical, environmental, and demographic factors. Results of the analyses, however, revealed strikingly different genetic patterns in the two species. Populations of G. tawaensis invariably showed a remarkably lowered heterozygosity (0-0.017) compared to G. japonicus (0.089-0.124). On the other hand, the genetic heterogeneity among populations is much greater in G. tawaensis (F(ST)=0.726) than in G. japonicus (F(ST)=0.101). The Mantel test failed to detect any significant correlations between log (estimated migration rate) and log (geographic distance) in either species, or between matrices of interpopulation pairwise F(ST) for the two species. These results suggest that, in each species, formation of the current genetic structure in western Japan has been chiefly influenced by stochastic factors, rather than the geohistorical architecture of this region. The high F(ST) and low heterozygosity in G. tawaensis suggest the effects of severe local fragmentation. On the other hand, the relatively low F(ST) and high heterozygosity in G. japonicus imply extensive gene flow among populations. Absence of significant correlations between the estimated migration rate and geographic distance in G. japonicus may suggest that such gene flow is promoted by human-mediated transport of this primarily house-dwelling lizard.
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Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Itoh M, Kuniyasu Y, Nomura T, Toda M, Takahashi T. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol Rev 2002. [PMID: 11722621 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1820102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that T-cell-mediated dominant control of self-reactive T-cells contributes to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and its alteration can cause autoimmune disease. Efforts to delineate such a regulatory T-cell population have revealed that CD25+ cells in the CD4+ population in normal naive animals bear the ability to prevent autoimmune disease in vivo and, upon antigenic stimulation, suppress the activation/proliferation of other T cells in vitro. The CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, which are naturally anergic and suppressive, appear to be produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. They play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance.
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Nakamura T, Miyazaki D, Toda M, Cheung-Chau KW, Rothenberg ME, Ono SJ. A novel role for eotaxin-1 in acute phase inflammation and mast cell degranulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Toda M. Phase-matched air ultrasonic transducers using corrugated PVDF film with half wavelength depth. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2001; 48:1568-1574. [PMID: 11800119 DOI: 10.1109/58.971708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new type of large area PVDF film air transducer is proposed. The transducer features a high power output and a sharp beam angle. Conventionally known curved length mode resonators with two clamps at both ends have a resonance frequency determined by the curvature. In the present work, PVDF was formed into alternating concave and convex multiple curved sections, eliminating clamps, i.e., a periodic corrugation structure using a single PVDF film. Each convex and concave section has a common resonance frequency. A common excitation voltage induces vibration for each section, and the vibration direction is normal to the film surface. The vibration phase of convex section is shifted 180 degrees from the concave section. These waves add constructively to form a strong acoustic beam when corrugation height is approximately one-half of the wavelength. The corrugation height controls propagation path difference, canceling excitation phase difference. The design principle based on a uniform vibration mode is presented. Experimental investigations using 8.8 x 2.5-, 10 x 5-, and 20 x 20-cm2 transducers are presented. Side lobes unique to this corrugation structure have been observed. A theoretical analysis of the side lobes is also presented. According to the theory, choosing the corrugation height appropriately will reduce side lobes to -15 dB with regard to the main lobe, and the observed side lobe height agreed with the theoretical result.
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Ishii K, Toda M, Nakai Y, Asou H, Watanabe M, Nakamura M, Yato Y, Fujimura Y, Kawakami Y, Toyama Y, Uyemura K. Increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:500-7. [PMID: 11550218 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly understood. In this study, we examined oligodendroglial reactions after contusion SCI in adult rats by immunohistochemistry. OPCs were identified by staining with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) A2B5 and O4. Each of the A2B5-, O4-positive OPCs and galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes dramatically increased in the lesion of the dorsal posterior funiculus. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation studies showed that most O4-positive cells in the lesion were labeled with BrdU, suggesting that these OPCs were proliferative. In contrast, the expression of myelin basic protein was decreased in the lesion compared with controls that received laminectomy only. From the injured cord, OPCs were isolated by immunopanning with mAb A2B5. We observed an increased number of OPCs from the injured spinal cords compared with those isolated from controls and unoperated animals. After several days in culture, the OPCs from the lesion expressed galactocerebroside. These results suggest that OPCs are induced and can differentiate following SCI in the adult rat.
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Ohshima A, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Uchino S, Watanabe S, Toda M, Yamashita H, Koike E, Takatsu K, Inomata M, Arita T. Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in diagnosing esophageal infiltration of thyroid cancer. J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24:564-9. [PMID: 11686537 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-operative evaluation of esophageal infiltration is sometimes difficult in patients with advanced thyroid cancer even with recent imaging modalities. We evaluated the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in diagnosing esophageal infiltration of thyroid cancer. Twenty-nine patients with advanced thyroid cancer underwent EUS and other imaging examinations before surgery. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS was compared with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and esophagography based on pathologic findings in 27 of the 29 cases. EUS clearly demonstrated the 5-layer structure of the esophageal wall. EUS detected cancer invasion into the muscularis propria of the esophagus correctly in 8 of 10 patients diagnosed pathologically with muscular infiltration. EUS was significantly more accurate than MRI and esophagography (88.9% vs 63.0% and 66.7%, respectively). The specificity of EUS was also significantly better than the specificities of MRI or esophagography (94.1% vs 58.8% and 64.7%, respectively). The sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS tended to be better than those of MRI and esophagography. EUS is useful in evaluating the esophageal infiltration of thyroid cancer. This method has the further advantage of detecting the exact depth of cancer invasion into the esophageal wall.
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65
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Seko T, Kato M, Kohno H, Ono S, Hashimura K, Takimizu H, Nakai K, Maegawa H, Katsube N, Toda M. Structure-activity study and analgesic efficacy of amino acid derivatives as N-type calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2067-70. [PMID: 11514140 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of a novel series of N-type calcium channel blockers are described. L-Cysteine derivative 2a was found to be a potent and selective N-type calcium channel blocker with IC(50) 0.63 microM on IMR-32 assay. Compound 2a showed analgesic efficacy in the rat formalin-induced pain model by intrathecal and oral administration.
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66
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Maruyama T, Asada M, Shiraishi T, Ishida A, Egashira H, Yoshida H, Maruyama T, Ohuchida S, Nakai H, Kondo K, Toda M. Design and synthesis of a highly selective EP4-receptor agonist. Part 1: 3,7-dithiaPG derivatives with high selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2029-31. [PMID: 11454473 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,7-dithiaPGE(1) analogues 3, 4, 11, 16 and 19 were identified as highly selective EP4-receptor agonists starting from the chemical modification of 7-thiaPGE(1) analogue 1. EP4-receptor selectivity and agonist activity were maximized in 3 and 4.
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67
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Tani K, Naganawa A, Ishida A, Egashira H, Sagawa K, Harada H, Ogawa M, Maruyama T, Ohuchida S, Nakai H, Kondo K, Toda M. Design and synthesis of a highly selective EP2-receptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2025-8. [PMID: 11454472 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
EP2-receptor selective agonist 3 was identified by the structural hybridization of butaprost 1a and PGE(2) 2a. Based on this information, a chemically more stabilized 4 was discovered as another highly selective EP2-receptor agonist, iv administration of which to anesthetized rats suppressed uterine motility, while PGE(2) 2a stimulated uterine motility.
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Maruyama T, Asada M, Shiraishi T, Sakata K, Seki A, Yoshida H, Shinagawa Y, Maruyama T, Ohuchida S, Nakai H, Kondo K, Toda M. Design and synthesis of a highly selective EP4-receptor agonist. Part 2: 5-thia and 9beta-haloPG derivatives with improved stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2033-5. [PMID: 11454474 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Further chemical modification to identify more chemically stabilized EP4-receptor selective agonists was continued. As a result, a further two EP4-receptor selective agonists 5-thiaPGE(1) 2a, 10 and 9beta-chloroPGF(2) analogue 11 were discovered.
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Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Itoh M, Kuniyasu Y, Nomura T, Toda M, Takahashi T. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol Rev 2001; 182:18-32. [PMID: 11722621 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1820102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1098] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that T-cell-mediated dominant control of self-reactive T-cells contributes to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and its alteration can cause autoimmune disease. Efforts to delineate such a regulatory T-cell population have revealed that CD25+ cells in the CD4+ population in normal naive animals bear the ability to prevent autoimmune disease in vivo and, upon antigenic stimulation, suppress the activation/proliferation of other T cells in vitro. The CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, which are naturally anergic and suppressive, appear to be produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. They play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance.
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Toda M, Morimoto K, Fukuda S, Umeda T, Nakaji S, Sugawara K. The effect of the weight reduction on the salivary cortisol levels of judo players. Environ Health Prev Med 2001; 6:113-6. [PMID: 21432247 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2000] [Accepted: 02/19/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction prior to a competition on the salivary cortisol level for first-rate judo players. Subjects were divided into three groups by the weight reduction rate. On the day before the competition, the cortisol levels of the low- and high-weight reduction group showed a tendency to decrease and were significantly lower than that of the non-weight reduction group (p<0.05). However, with regard to the change in the stress indices, there was a difference between the high- and low-weight reduction groups. In the high-weight reduction group alone, there was a significant increase in the stress indices on the day before the competition (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the HPA axis is affected during the relatively early stage of weight reduction and mental stress is increased at the higher weight reduction rate.
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Ohmoto K, Okuma M, Yamamoto T, Kijima H, Sekioka T, Kitagawa K, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K, Kawabata K, Sakata A, Imawaka H, Nakai H, Toda M. Design and synthesis of new orally active inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1307-23. [PMID: 11377188 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify new orally active inhibitors, further modification of 1 (ONO-6818) was performed. Peptidic derivatives 4b, 4c and 4n showed more potent inhibitory activity than nonpeptidic derivatives 3a-c. As a result, a series of peptidic inhibitors, 4a-s and 5a-v, were discovered. Among these N-aryl derivatives 5a-g, 5i, 5m and 5o-v showed oral activity. Their oral activity showed good correlation with their metabolic stability. Compounds 5h and 5j-l, which were extremely metabolically unstable in hamster plasma, did not show oral activity. Oral activity was considered to be determined by a combination of at least two factors: oral absorption and metabolic stability.
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Ohmoto K, Yamamoto T, Okuma M, Horiuchi T, Imanishi H, Odagaki Y, Kawabata K, Sekioka T, Hirota Y, Matsuoka S, Nakai H, Toda M, Cheronis JC, Spruce LW, Gyorkos A, Wieczorek M. Development of orally active nonpeptidic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1268-85. [PMID: 11312926 DOI: 10.1021/jm000410y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Amino-2-phenylpyrimidin-6-ones, some of their desamino derivatives, and miscellaneous derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated on both in vitro activity and oral activity in an acute hemorrhagic assay. These compounds contained an alpha-keto-1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety to bind covalently to the Ser-195 hydroxy group of human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Among those tested, compounds 11a-c,e,i-l(F), 11d,e,k(H), 21d,e,k(F), and 21d,e(H) showed a good oral profile. RS-Mixture 3(H) was selected for clinical evaluation based on its oral potency, duration of action, enzyme selectivity, safety profile, and ease of synthesis. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed.
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Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Murakami T, Uchino S, Watanabe S, Ohshima A, Toda M, Yamashita H, Kawamoto H. Predictive risk factors for postoperative tetany in female patients with Graves' disease. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 192:465-8. [PMID: 11294403 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative tetany occurs in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by a deficiency in calcium and vitamin D concomitant with transient hypoparathyroidism induced by surgery. In the present study, we further clarified the risk factors by referring to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and alkaline phosphatase. STUDY DESIGN The serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone, calcium and other electrolytes, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured preoperatively in 178 female patients with Graves' disease who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. RESULTS Of the 178 female patients, 15 (8.4%) developed tetany. Univariate analysis of 16 possible risk factors showed that 2 were statistically significant: serum 25(OH)D and alkaline phosphatase levels. The incidence of tetany according to the serum levels of 25(OH)D and alkaline phosphatase was 19.1% (9/47) in patients with 25(OH)D < or = 25 nmol/L and alkaline phosphatase > 155, 11.8% (4/34) in those with 25(OH)D < or = 25 nmol/L and alkaline phosphatase < or = 155, 6.7% (2/30) in those with 25(OH)D > 25 nmol/L and alkaline phosphatase > 155, and 0% (0/50) in those with 25(OH)D > 25 nmol/L and alkaline phosphatase < or = 155. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Graves' disease who have vitamin D deficiency with high serum alkaline phosphatase levels are the highest-risk group for postoperative tetany. Serum 25(OH)D and alkaline phosphatase should be monitored in patients with Graves' disease.
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Toda M, Iizuka Y, Yu W, Imai T, Ikeda E, Yoshida K, Kawase T, Kawakami Y, Okano H, Uyemura K. Expression of the neural RNA-binding protein Musashi1 in human gliomas. Glia 2001; 34:1-7. [PMID: 11284014 DOI: 10.1002/glia.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells arising from a particular tissue may exhibit the same gene expression patterns as their precursor cells. To test this proposition, we have analyzed the expression of a neural RNA-binding protein, Musashi1, in primary human central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In rodents, Musashi1 is expressed predominantly in proliferating multipotent neural precursor cells, but not in newly generated postmitotic neurons. The expression of Musashi1 is downregulated with the successive progression of neurogenesis. In normal adult human tissues, we detected low levels of Musashi1 expression in brain and testis by RT-PCR analysis. In an RNA panel of 32 cancer tissues and cell lines, elevated expression of Musashi1 was seen in all five malignant gliomas studied, in contrast to the slight expression seen in other tumor cells, including those in several melanomas and a prostate cancer. Western blot analysis showed strong Musashi1 expression in malignant gliomas compared with nonneoplastic brain tissue. Glioblastomas, the most malignant form of glioma, showed higher Musashi1 expression than less malignant gliomas by immunohistochemical analysis. Tumors with strong Musashi1 expression tended to have high proliferative activity. Thus, the expression of Musashi1 correlated with the grade of the malignancy and proliferative activity in gliomas. These results suggest that primary CNS tumors may share gene expression patterns with primitive, undifferentiated CNS cells and that Musashi1 may be a useful marker for the diagnosis of CNS tumors.
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Toda M, Kawabata J, Kasai T. Inhibitory effects of ellagi- and gallotannins on rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase complexes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:542-7. [PMID: 11330666 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The clove ellagitannins and their related polygalloyl-glucoses inhibited maltase activity of rat intestinal alpha-glucosidases. The structure-activity relationship study of those galloylglucoses, varying the extent of galloylation on the glucose core, with the ellagitannins, indicated that an increasing number of galloyl units in the molecule lead to an increase in the inhibitory activity. Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, with five galloyl groups showed the highest inhibitory activity. On the other hand, hexahydroxydiphenoyl units contained in the ellagitannins had little effect on the activity. After separation of maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase complexes from the crude mixture of the rat alpha-glucosidases, the inhibitory activities of the galloylglucose derivatives against each complex were examined. The inhibitory influence on the maltase-glucoamylase complex was more potent than on the sucrase-isomaltase complex.
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