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Tan W, Sunahori K, Zhao J, Deng Y, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Langefeld CD, Williams AH, Comeau ME, Ziegler JT, Marion MC, Bae SC, Lee JH, Lee JS, Chang DM, Song YW, Yu CY, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Brown EE, Petri MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Harley JB, Boackle SA, Stevens AM, Scofield RH, Merrill JT, Freedman BI, Anaya JM, Criswell LA, Jacob CO, Vyse TJ, Niewold TB, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, James JA, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, Tsokos GC, Tsao BP, Alarcón GS. Association of PPP2CA polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility in multiple ethnic groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2755-63. [PMID: 21590681 DOI: 10.1002/art.30452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express increased amounts of PP2Ac, which contributes to decreased production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Because IL-2 is important in the regulation of several aspects of the immune response, it has been proposed that PP2Ac contributes to the expression of SLE. This study was designed to determine whether genetic variants of PPP2AC are linked to the expression of SLE and specific clinical manifestations and account for the increased expression of PP2Ac. METHODS We conducted a trans-ethnic study of 8,695 SLE cases and 7,308 controls of 4 different ancestries. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across PPP2CA were genotyped using an Illumina custom array. PPP2CA expression in SLE and control T cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A 32-kb haplotype comprising multiple SNPs of PPP2CA showed significant association with SLE in Hispanic Americans, European Americans, and Asians, but not in African Americans. Conditional analyses revealed that SNP rs7704116 in intron 1 showed consistently strong association with SLE across Asian, European American, and Hispanic American populations (odds ratio 1.3 [95% confidence interval 1.14-1.31], meta-analysis P=3.8×10(-7)). In European Americans, the largest ethnic data set studied, the risk A allele of rs7704116 was associated with the presence of renal disease, anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-RNP antibodies. PPP2CA expression was ∼2-fold higher in SLE patients carrying the rs7704116 AG genotype than those carrying the GG genotype (P=0.007). CONCLUSION Our data provide the first evidence of an association between PPP2CA polymorphisms and elevated PP2Ac transcript levels in T cells, which implicates a new molecular pathway for SLE susceptibility in European Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Tan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
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152
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Castillejo-López C, Delgado-Vega AM, Wojcik J, Kozyrev SV, Thavathiru E, Wu YY, Sánchez E, Pöllmann D, López-Egido JR, Fineschi S, Domínguez N, Lu R, James JA, Merrill JT, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Moser KL, Gilkeson G, Frostegård J, Pons-Estel BA, D'Alfonso S, Witte T, Callejas JL, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, Martin J, Guthridge JM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 71:136-42. [PMID: 21978998 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered signalling in B cells is a predominant feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE. BANK1 codes for a B-cell-specific cytoplasmic protein involved in B-cell receptor signalling and BLK codes for an Src tyrosine kinase with important roles in B-cell development. To characterise the role of BANK1 and BLK in SLE, a genetic interaction analysis was performed hypothesising that genetic interactions could reveal functional pathways relevant to disease pathogenesis. METHODS The GPAT16 method was used to analyse the gene-gene interactions of BANK1 and BLK. Confocal microscopy was used to investigate co-localisation, and immunoprecipitation was used to verify the physical interaction of BANK1 and BLK. RESULTS Epistatic interactions between BANK1 and BLK polymorphisms associated with SLE were observed in a discovery set of 279 patients and 515 controls from northern Europe. A meta-analysis with 4399 European individuals confirmed the genetic interactions between BANK1 and BLK. As BANK1 was identified as a binding partner of the Src tyrosine kinase LYN, the possibility that BANK1 and BLK could also show a protein-protein interaction was tested. The co-immunoprecipitation and co-localisation of BLK and BANK1 were demonstrated. In a Daudi cell line and primary naive B cells endogenous binding was enhanced upon B-cell receptor stimulation using anti-IgM antibodies. CONCLUSION This study shows a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically. The results have important consequences for the understanding of SLE and other autoimmune diseases and identify a potential new signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-López
- Correspondence to Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, USA.
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153
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Isackson PJ, Ochs-Balcom HM, Ma C, Harley JB, Peltier W, Tarnopolsky M, Sripathi N, Wortmann RL, Simmons Z, Wilson JD, Smith SA, Barboi A, Fine E, Baer A, Baker S, Kaufman K, Cobb B, Kilpatrick JR, Vladutiu GD. Association of common variants in the human eyes shut ortholog (EYS) with statin-induced myopathy: evidence for additional functions of EYS. Muscle Nerve 2011; 44:531-8. [PMID: 21826682 PMCID: PMC3175321 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of the nearly 38 million people in the USA who receive statin therapy, 0.1-0.5% experience severe or life-threatening myopathic side effects. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a group of patients with severe statin myopathy versus a statin-tolerant group to identify genetic susceptibility loci. RESULTS Replication studies in independent groups of severe statin myopathy (n = 190) and statin-tolerant controls (n = 130) resulted in the identification of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9342288, rs1337512, and rs3857532, in the eyes shut homolog (EYS) on chromosome 6 suggestive of an association with risk for severe statin myopathy (P = 0.0003-0.0008). Analysis of EYS cDNA demonstrated that EYS gene products are complex and expressed with relative abundance in the spinal cord as well as in the retina. CONCLUSION Structural similarities of these EYS gene products to members of the Notch signaling pathway and to agrin suggest a possible functional role in the maintenance and regeneration of the structural integrity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Isackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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154
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Schauberger EM, Ewart SL, Arshad SH, Huebner M, Karmaus W, Holloway JW, Friderici KH, Ziegler JT, Zhang H, Rose-Zerilli MJ, Barton SJ, Holgate ST, Kilpatrick JR, Harley JB, Lajoie-Kadoch S, Harley ITW, Hamid Q, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Seibold MA, Avila PC, Rodriguez-Cintrón W, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Hu D, Gignoux C, Romieu I, London SJ, Burchard EG, Langefeld CD, Wills-Karp M. Identification of ATPAF1 as a novel candidate gene for asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:753-760.e11. [PMID: 21696813 PMCID: PMC3185108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common disease of children with a complex genetic origin. Understanding the genetic basis of asthma susceptibility will allow disease prediction and risk stratification. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify asthma susceptibility genes in children. METHODS A nested case-control genetic association study of children of Caucasian European ancestry from a birth cohort was conducted. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, n = 116,024) were genotyped in pools of DNA samples from cohort children with physician-diagnosed asthma (n = 112) and normal controls (n = 165). A genomic region containing the ATPAF1 gene was found to be significantly associated with asthma. Additional SNPs within this region were genotyped in individual samples from the same children and in 8 independent study populations of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, or other ancestries. SNPs were also genotyped or imputed in 2 consortia control populations. ATPAF1 expression was measured in bronchial biopsies from asthmatic patients and controls. RESULTS Asthma was found to be associated with a cluster of SNPs and SNP haplotypes containing the ATPAF1 gene, with 2 SNPs achieving significance at a genome-wide level (P = 2.26 × 10(-5) to 2.2 × 10(-8)). Asthma severity was also found to be associated with SNPs and SNP haplotypes in the primary population. SNP and/or gene-level associations were confirmed in the 4 non-Hispanic populations. Haplotype associations were also confirmed in the non-Hispanic populations (P = .045-.0009). ATPAF1 total RNA expression was significantly (P < .01) higher in bronchial biopsies from asthmatic patients than from controls. CONCLUSION Genetic variation in the ATPAF1 gene predisposes children of different ancestries to asthma.
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155
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Vladutiu GD, Isackson PJ, Kaufman K, Harley JB, Cobb B, Christopher-Stine L, Wortmann RL. Genetic risk for malignant hyperthermia in non-anesthesia-induced myopathies. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:167-73. [PMID: 21795085 PMCID: PMC3171598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of skeletal muscle triggered by volatile anesthetics and infrequently by extreme exertion and heat exposure. MH has variable penetrance with an incidence ranging from 1 in 5000 to 1 in 50,000-100,000 anesthesias. Mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene, RYR1, are found in 50-70% of cases. We hypothesized that a portion of patients with drug-induced muscle diseases, unrelated to anesthesia, such as severe statin myopathy, have underlying genetic liability that may include RYR1 gene mutations. DNA samples were collected from 885 patients in 4 groups: severe statin myopathy (n=197), mild statin myopathy (n=163), statin-tolerant controls (n=133), and non-drug-induced myopathies of unknown etiology characterized by exercise-induced muscle pain and weakness (n=392). Samples were screened for 105 mutations and variants in 26 genes associated with 7 categories of muscle disease including 34 mutations and variants in the RYR1 gene. Disease-causing mutations or variants in RYR1 were present in 3 severe statin myopathy cases, 1 mild statin myopathy case, 8 patients with non-drug-induced myopathy, and none in controls. These results suggest that disease-causing mutations and certain variants in the RYR1 gene may contribute to underlying genetic risk for non-anesthesia-induced myopathies and should be included in genetic susceptibility screening in patients with severe statin myopathy and in patients with non-statin-induced myopathies of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgirene D Vladutiu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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156
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Ramos PS, Williams AH, Ziegler JT, Comeau ME, Guy RT, Lessard CJ, Li H, Edberg JC, Zidovetzki R, Criswell LA, Gaffney PM, Graham DC, Graham RR, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, Petri MA, Reveille JD, McGwin G, Vilá LM, Ramsey-Goldman R, Jacob CO, Vyse TJ, Tsao BP, Harley JB, Kimberly RP, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Langefeld CD, Moser KL. Genetic analyses of interferon pathway-related genes reveal multiple new loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2049-57. [PMID: 21437871 DOI: 10.1002/art.30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overexpression of interferon (IFN)-inducible genes is a prominent feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); it serves as a marker for active and more severe disease, and is also observed in other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic variations responsible for sustained activation of IFN-responsive genes in SLE. METHODS We systematically evaluated association of SLE with a total of 1,754 IFN pathway-related genes, including IFN-inducible genes known to be differentially expressed in SLE patients and their direct regulators. We used a 3-stage study design in which 2 cohorts (total of 939 SLE cases and 3,398 controls) were analyzed independently and jointly for association with SLE, and the results were adjusted for the number of comparisons. RESULTS A total of 15,166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passed all quality control filters; 305 of these SNPs demonstrated replicated association with SLE in both cohorts. Nine variants were further genotyped for confirmation in an average of 1,316 independent SLE cases and 3,215 independent controls. Association with SLE was confirmed for several genes, including those for the transmembrane receptor CD44 (CD44 [rs507230]; P = 3.98 × 10⁻¹²), the cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN [rs919581]; P = 5.38 × 10⁻⁴), the heat-shock protein DnaJ (DNAJA1 [rs10971259]; P = 6.31 × 10⁻³), and the nuclear import protein karyopherin α1 (KPNA [rs6810306]; P = 4.91 × 10⁻²). CONCLUSION This study expands the number of candidate genes that have been shown to be associated with SLE and highlights potential of pathway-based approaches for gene discovery. Identification of the causal alleles will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for activation of the IFN system in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Ramos
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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157
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Hughes T, Kim-Howard X, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Ziegler J, Sanchez E, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Martín J, Brown EE, Vilá LM, Alarcón GS, James JA, Gilkeson GS, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Merrill JT, Vyse TJ, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Nath SK, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. Fine-mapping and transethnic genotyping establish IL2/IL21 genetic association with lupus and localize this genetic effect to IL21. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1689-97. [PMID: 21425124 DOI: 10.1002/art.30320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic association of the IL2/IL21 region at chromosome 4q27 has previously been reported in lupus and a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study was undertaken to determine whether this genetic effect could be localized, using a very large cohort of lupus patients and controls. METHODS We genotyped 45 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the IL2/IL21 locus in 2 large independent lupus sample sets. We studied a set of subjects of European descent consisting of 4,248 lupus patients and 3,818 healthy controls, and an African American set of 1,569 patients and 1,893 healthy controls. Imputation in 3,004 additional controls from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium was also performed. Genetic association between the genotyped markers was determined, and pairwise conditional analysis was performed to localize the independent genetic effect in the IL2/IL21 locus in lupus. RESULTS We established and confirmed the genetic association between IL2/IL21 and lupus. Using conditional analysis and transethnic mapping, we localized the genetic effect in this locus to 2 SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium: rs907715 located within IL21 (odds ratio 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.10-1.22], P=2.17×10(-8)) and rs6835457 located in the 3'-untranslated flanking region of IL21 (odds ratio 1.11 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.17], P=9.35×10(-5)). CONCLUSION Our findings establish the genetic association between lupus and IL2/IL21 with a genome-wide level of significance. Further, our findings indicate that this genetic association within the IL2/IL21 linkage disequilibrium block is localized to IL21. If other autoimmune IL2/IL21 genetic associations are similarly localized, then the IL21 risk alleles would be predicted to operate by a fundamental mechanism that influences the course of a number of autoimmune disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Hughes
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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158
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Anaya JM, Kim-Howard X, Prahalad S, Cherñavsky A, Cañas C, Rojas-Villarraga A, Bohnsack J, Jonsson R, Bolstad AI, Brun JG, Cobb B, Moser KL, James JA, Harley JB, Nath SK. Evaluation of genetic association between an ITGAM non-synonymous SNP (rs1143679) and multiple autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:276-80. [PMID: 21840425 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Many autoimmune diseases (ADs) share similar underlying pathology and have a tendency to cluster within families, supporting the involvement of shared susceptibility genes. To date, most of the genetic variants associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility also show association with others ADs. ITGAM and its associated 'predisposing' variant (rs1143679, Arg77His), predicted to alter the tertiary structures of the ligand-binding domain of ITGAM, may play a key role for SLE pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine whether the ITGAM variant is also associated with other ADs. We evaluated case-control association between rs1143679 and ADs (N=18,457) including primary Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, celiac disease, and type-1 diabetes. We also performed meta-analyses using our data in addition to available published data. Although the risk allele 'A' is relatively more frequent among cases for each disease, it was not significantly associated with any other ADs tested in this study. However, the meta-analysis for systemic sclerosis was associated with rs1143679 (p(meta)=0.008). In summary, this study explored the role of ITGAM in general autoimmunity in seven non-lupus ADs, and only found association for systemic sclerosis when our results were combined with published results. Thus ITGAM may not be a general autoimmunity gene but this variant may be specifically associated with SLE and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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159
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Sanchez E, Nadig A, Richardson BC, Freedman BI, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Niewold TB, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, Ziegler JT, Langefeld CD, Alarcón GS, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Brown EE, Kimberly RP, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Merrill JT, Anaya JM, James JA, Pons-Estel BA, Martin J, Park SY, Bang SY, Bae SC, Moser KL, Vyse TJ, Criswell LA, Gaffney PM, Tsao BP, Jacob CO, Harley JB, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Sawalha AH. Phenotypic associations of genetic susceptibility loci in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1752-7. [PMID: 21719445 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2011.154104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease. A number of genetic loci that increase lupus susceptibility have been established. This study examines if these genetic loci also contribute to the clinical heterogeneity in lupus. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4001 European-derived, 1547 Hispanic, 1590 African-American and 1191 Asian lupus patients were genotyped for 16 confirmed lupus susceptibility loci. Ancestry informative markers were genotyped to calculate and adjust for admixture. The association between the risk allele in each locus was determined and compared in patients with and without the various clinical manifestations included in the ACR criteria. RESULTS Renal disorder was significantly correlated with the lupus risk allele in ITGAM (p=5.0 × 10(-6), OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35) and in TNFSF4 (p=0.0013, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.25). Other significant findings include the association between risk alleles in FCGR2A and malar rash (p=0.0031, OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), ITGAM and discoid rash (p=0.0020, OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33), STAT4 and protection from oral ulcers (p=0.0027, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96) and IL21 and haematological disorder (p=0.0027, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22). All these associations are significant with a false discovery rate of <0.05 and pass the significance threshold using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Signifi cant associations were found between clinical manifestations and the FCGR2A, ITGAM, STAT4, TNSF4 and IL21 genes. The findings suggest that genetic profiling might be a useful tool to predict disease manifestations in lupus patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanchez
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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160
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Dillon S, Aggarwal R, Harding JW, Li LJ, Weissman MH, Li S, Cavett JW, Sevier ST, Ojwang JW, D'Souza A, Harley JB, Scofield RH. Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) among men with systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Paediatr 2011; 100:819-23. [PMID: 21375582 PMCID: PMC7304292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the rate of Klinefelter's syndrome among men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to determine whether the manifestations of SLE in these men are different from that seen in 46,XY men. METHODS A total of 276 men with SLE underwent a real-time PCR procedure to screen for more than one X chromosome. Those with results consistent with two X chromosomes were further characterized by karyotype and FISH. Clinical manifestations of SLE were determined by interview, questionnaire and medical chart review. Each man with Klinefelter's and SLE was matched to four 46,XY men with SLE. Rates of SLE manifestations were compared with chi-square analyses. RESULTS We found seven of the 286 men with SLE had Klinefelter's syndrome. Four of these seven were nonmosaic 47,XXY, while two were mosaic 46,XY/47,XXY and one was 46,XX/47,XXY. The men with 47,XXY did not have severe manifestations of SLE including no proliferative renal disease, neurological disease, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, discoid skin disease or anti-RNP/Sm. CONCLUSION 47,XXY is found in excess among men with SLE. Men commonly have SLE that is more severe than that found among women, but the 47,XXY men had less severe SLE than other men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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161
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Bronson PG, Goldstein BA, Ramsay PP, Beckman KB, Noble JA, Lane JA, Seldin MF, Kelly JA, Harley JB, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Behrens TW, Criswell LA, Barcellos LF. The rs4774 CIITA missense variant is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2011; 12:667-71. [PMID: 21614020 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator gene (CIITA) encodes an important transcription factor required for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class II MHC-restricted antigen presentation. MHC genes, including the HLA class II DRB1*03:01 allele, are strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recently the rs4774 CIITA missense variant (+1632G/C) was reported to be associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. In the current study, we investigated CIITA, DRB1*03:01 and risk of SLE using a multi-stage analysis. In stage 1, 9 CIITA variants were tested in 658 cases and 1363 controls (N=2021). In stage 2, rs4774 was tested in 684 cases and 2938 controls (N=3622). We also performed a meta-analysis of the pooled 1342 cases and 4301 controls (N=5643). In stage 1, rs4774(*)C was associated with SLE (odds ratio (OR)=1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.07-1.44, P=4.2 × 10(-3)). Similar results were observed in stage 2 (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.02-1.33, P=8.5 × 10(-3)) and the meta-analysis of the combined data set (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.09-1.33, P(meta)=2.5 × 10(-4)). In all three analyses, the strongest evidence for association between rs4774(*)C and SLE was present in individuals who carried at least one copy of DRB1*03:01 (P(meta)=1.9 × 10(-3)). Results support a role for CIITA in SLE, which appears to be stronger in the presence of DRB1*03:01.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Bronson
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356, USA
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Zhao J, Wu H, Khosravi M, Cui H, Qian X, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Williams AH, Comeau ME, Ziegler JT, Marion MC, Adler A, Glenn SB, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Pons-Estel BA, Harley JB, Bae SC, Bang SY, Cho SK, Jacob CO, Vyse TJ, Niewold TB, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Brown EE, Alarcon GS, Petri MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, James JA, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Freedman BI, Anaya JM, Merrill JT, Criswell LA, Scofield RH, Stevens AM, Guthridge JM, Chang DM, Song YW, Park JA, Lee EY, Boackle SA, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, Goodship THJ, Cantor RM, Yu CY, Shen N, Tsao BP. Association of genetic variants in complement factor H and factor H-related genes with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002079. [PMID: 21637784 PMCID: PMC3102741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex polygenic autoimmune disease, is associated with increased complement activation. Variants of genes encoding complement regulator factor H (CFH) and five CFH-related proteins (CFHR1-CFHR5) within the chromosome 1q32 locus linked to SLE, have been associated with multiple human diseases and may contribute to dysregulated complement activation predisposing to SLE. We assessed 60 SNPs covering the CFH-CFHRs region for association with SLE in 15,864 case-control subjects derived from four ethnic groups. Significant allelic associations with SLE were detected in European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA), which could be attributed to an intronic CFH SNP (rs6677604, in intron 11, Pmeta = 6.6×10−8, OR = 1.18) and an intergenic SNP between CFHR1 and CFHR4 (rs16840639, Pmeta = 2.9×10−7, OR = 1.17) rather than to previously identified disease-associated CFH exonic SNPs, including I62V, Y402H, A474A, and D936E. In addition, allelic association of rs6677604 with SLE was subsequently confirmed in Asians (AS). Haplotype analysis revealed that the underlying causal variant, tagged by rs6677604 and rs16840639, was localized to a ∼146 kb block extending from intron 9 of CFH to downstream of CFHR1. Within this block, the deletion of CFHR3 and CFHR1 (CFHR3-1Δ), a likely causal variant measured using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, was tagged by rs6677604 in EA and AS and rs16840639 in AA, respectively. Deduced from genotypic associations of tag SNPs in EA, AA, and AS, homozygous deletion of CFHR3-1Δ (Pmeta = 3.2×10−7, OR = 1.47) conferred a higher risk of SLE than heterozygous deletion (Pmeta = 3.5×10−4, OR = 1.14). These results suggested that the CFHR3-1Δ deletion within the SLE-associated block, but not the previously described exonic SNPs of CFH, might contribute to the development of SLE in EA, AA, and AS, providing new insights into the role of complement regulators in the pathogenesis of SLE. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, associated with increased complement activation. Previous studies have provided evidence for the presence of SLE susceptibility gene(s) in the chromosome 1q31-32 locus. Within 1q32, genes encoding complement regulator factor H (CFH) and five CFH-related proteins (CFHR1-CFHR5) may contribute to the development of SLE, because genetic variants of these genes impair complement regulation and predispose to various human diseases. In this study, we tested association of genetic variants in the region containing CFH and CFHRs with SLE. We identified genetic variants predisposing to SLE in European American, African American, and Asian populations, which might be attributed to the deletion of CFHR3 and CFHR1 genes but not previously identified disease-associated exonic variants of CFH. This study provides the first evidence for consistent association between CFH/CFHRs and SLE across multi-ancestral SLE datasets, providing new insights into the role of complement regulators in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie Khosravi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qian
- Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adrienne H. Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Comeau
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie T. Ziegler
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Miranda C. Marion
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stuart B. Glenn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - John B. Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaim O. Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Divisions of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Kimberly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Graciela S. Alarcon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John D. Reveille
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Disease Research, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Joan T. Merrill
- Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | | | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ah Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susan A. Boackle
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Grossman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bevra H. Hahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Rita M. Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nan Shen
- Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Betty P. Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Weckerle CE, Franek BS, Kelly JA, Kumabe M, Mikolaitis RA, Green SL, Utset TO, Jolly M, James JA, Harley JB, Niewold TB. Network analysis of associations between serum interferon-α activity, autoantibodies, and clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1044-53. [PMID: 21162028 DOI: 10.1002/art.30187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon-α (IFNα) is a primary pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and high IFNα levels may be associated with particular clinical manifestations. The prevalence of individual clinical and serologic features differs significantly by ancestry. This study was undertaken to detect associations between clinical and serologic disease manifestations and serum IFNα activity in a large diverse SLE cohort, using multivariate and network analyses. METHODS We studied 1,089 SLE patients (387 African American, 186 Hispanic American, and 516 European American patients). The presence or absence of individual American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria for SLE, autoantibodies, and serum IFNα activity data were analyzed in univariate and multivariate models. Iterative multivariate logistic regression was performed in each ancestral background group separately to establish the network of associations between variables that were independently significant following Bonferroni correction. RESULTS In all ancestral backgrounds, high IFNα activity was associated with anti-Ro and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (P = 4.6 × 10(-18) and P = 2.9 × 10(-16) , respectively). Younger age, non-European ancestry, and anti-RNP were also independently associated with increased serum IFNα activity (P ≤ 6.7 × 10(-4) ). We found 14 unique associations between variables in network analysis, and only 7 of these associations were shared among >1 ancestral background. Associations between clinical criteria were different for different ancestral backgrounds, while autoantibody-IFNα relationships were similar across backgrounds. IFNα activity and autoantibodies were not associated with ACR clinical features in multivariate models. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that serum IFNα activity is strongly and consistently associated with autoantibodies, and not independently associated with clinical features in SLE. IFNα may be more relevant to humoral tolerance and initial pathogenesis than later clinical disease manifestations.
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Ritterhouse LL, Crowe SR, Niewold TB, Kamen DL, Macwana SR, Roberts VC, Dedeke AB, Harley JB, Scofield RH, Guthridge JM, James JA. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased autoimmune response in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1569-74. [PMID: 21586442 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and has been associated with many chronic diseases, including autoimmune disorders. A study was undertaken to explore the impact of low vitamin D levels on autoantibody production in healthy individuals, as well as B cell hyperactivity and interferon α (IFNα) activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Serum samples from 32 European American female patients with SLE and 32 matched controls were tested for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, lupus-associated autoantibodies and serum IFNα activity. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for intracellular phospho-ERK 1/2 as a measure of B cell activation status. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml) was significantly more frequent among patients with SLE (n=32, 69%) and antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive controls (n=14, 71%) compared with ANA-negative controls (n=18, 22%) (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 29.4, p=0.003 and OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 43.6, p=0.011, respectively). Patients with high B cell activation had lower mean (SD) 25(OH)D levels than patients with low B cell activation (17.2 (5.1) vs 24.2 (3.9) ng/ml; p=0.009). Patients with vitamin D deficiency also had higher mean (SD) serum IFNα activity than patients without vitamin D deficiency (3.5 (6.6) vs 0.3 (0.3); p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The observation that ANA-positive healthy controls are significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than ANA-negative healthy controls, together with the finding that vitamin D deficiency is associated with certain immune abnormalities in SLE, suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Ritterhouse
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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165
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Crowe SR, Garman L, Engler RJ, Farris AD, Ballard JD, Harley JB, James JA. Anthrax vaccination induced anti-lethal factor IgG: fine specificity and neutralizing capacity. Vaccine 2011; 29:3670-8. [PMID: 21420416 PMCID: PMC3233230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy biomarker of the currently licensed anthrax vaccine (AVA) is based on quantity and neutralizing capacity of anti-protective antigen (anti-PA) antibodies. However, animal studies have demonstrated that antibodies to lethal factor (LF) can provide protection against in vivo bacterial spore challenges. Improved understanding of the fine specificities of humoral immune responses that provide optimum neutralization capacity may enhance the efficacy of future passive immune globulin preparations to treat and prevent inhalation anthrax morbidity and mortality. This study (n=1000) was designed to identify AVA vaccinated individuals who generate neutralizing antibodies and to determine what specificities correlate with protection. The number of vaccine doses, years post vaccination, and PA titer were associated with in vitro neutralization, reinforcing previous reports. In addition, African American individuals had lower serologic neutralizing activity than European Americans, suggesting a genetic role in the generation of these neutralizing antibodies. Of the vaccinated individuals, only 69 (6.9%) had moderate levels of anti-LF IgG compared to 244 (24.4%) with low and 687 (68.7%) with extremely low levels of IgG antibodies to LF. Using overlapping decapeptide analysis, we identified six common LF antigenic regions targeted by those individuals with moderate levels of antibodies to LF and high in vitro toxin neutralizing activity. Affinity purified antibodies directed against antigenic epitopes within the PA binding and ADP-ribotransferase-like domains of LF were able to protect mice against lethal toxin challenge. Findings from these studies have important implications for vaccine design and immunotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R. Crowe
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
| | - Lori Garman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
- Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
| | - Renata J.M. Engler
- Vaccine Healthcare Centers (VHC) Network, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Red Cross Building 41 Suite 021 PO Box 6900 Georgia Avenue, NW Washington, DC, U.S.A. 20012
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
- Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
| | - Jimmy D. Ballard
- Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
| | - John B. Harley
- Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet, ML 4010, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A. 45229
| | - Judith A. James
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
- Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A. 73104
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Chung SA, Taylor KE, Graham RR, Nititham J, Lee AT, Ortmann WA, Jacob CO, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Tsao BP, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Petri M, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI, Manzi S, Gregersen PK, Langefeld CD, Behrens TW, Criswell LA. Differential genetic associations for systemic lupus erythematosus based on anti-dsDNA autoantibody production. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001323. [PMID: 21408207 PMCID: PMC3048371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody formation. Previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated SLE as a single phenotype. Therefore, we conducted a GWAS to identify genetic factors associated with anti-dsDNA autoantibody production, a SLE-related autoantibody with diagnostic and clinical importance. Using two independent datasets, over 400,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in a total of 1,717 SLE cases and 4,813 healthy controls. Anti-dsDNA autoantibody positive (anti-dsDNA +, n = 811) and anti-dsDNA autoantibody negative (anti-dsDNA -, n = 906) SLE cases were compared to healthy controls and to each other to identify SNPs associated specifically with these SLE subtypes. SNPs in the previously identified SLE susceptibility loci STAT4, IRF5, ITGAM, and the major histocompatibility complex were strongly associated with anti-dsDNA + SLE. Far fewer and weaker associations were observed for anti-dsDNA - SLE. For example, rs7574865 in STAT4 had an OR for anti-dsDNA + SLE of 1.77 (95% CI 1.57-1.99, p = 2.0E-20) compared to an OR for anti-dsDNA - SLE of 1.26 (95% CI 1.12-1.41, p = 2.4E-04), with p(heterogeneity)<0.0005. SNPs in the SLE susceptibility loci BANK1, KIAA1542, and UBE2L3 showed evidence of association with anti-dsDNA + SLE and were not associated with anti-dsDNA - SLE. In conclusion, we identified differential genetic associations with SLE based on anti-dsDNA autoantibody production. Many previously identified SLE susceptibility loci may confer disease risk through their role in autoantibody production and be more accurately described as autoantibody propensity loci. Lack of strong SNP associations may suggest that other types of genetic variation or non-genetic factors such as environmental exposures have a greater impact on susceptibility to anti-dsDNA - SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Chung
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAC); (LAC)
| | - Kimberly E. Taylor
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Graham
- ITGR Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne Nititham
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Annette T. Lee
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ward A. Ortmann
- ITGR Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chaim O. Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Andalusian Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Betty P. Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John B. Harley
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | | | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan Manzi
- Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy W. Behrens
- ITGR Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAC); (LAC)
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Adrianto I, Wen F, Templeton A, Wiley G, King JB, Lessard CJ, Bates JS, Hu Y, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Guthridge JM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Anaya JM, Bae SC, Bang SY, Boackle SA, Brown EE, Petri MA, Gallant C, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Vila LM, Criswell LA, Edberg JC, Freedman BI, Gregersen PK, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, James JA, Kamen DL, Kimberly RP, Martin J, Merrill JT, Niewold TB, Park SY, Pons-Estel BA, Scofield RH, Stevens AM, Tsao BP, Vyse TJ, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Moser KL, Webb CF, Humphrey MB, Montgomery CG, Gaffney PM. Association of a functional variant downstream of TNFAIP3 with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet 2011; 43:253-8. [PMID: 21336280 DOI: 10.1038/ng.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, MIM152700) is an autoimmune disease characterized by self-reactive antibodies resulting in systemic inflammation and organ failure. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20, is an established susceptibility locus for SLE. By fine mapping and genomic re-sequencing in ethnically diverse populations, we fully characterized the TNFAIP3 risk haplotype and identified a TT>A polymorphic dinucleotide (deletion T followed by a T to A transversion) associated with SLE in subjects of European (P = 1.58 × 10(-8), odds ratio = 1.70) and Korean (P = 8.33 × 10(-10), odds ratio = 2.54) ancestry. This variant, located in a region of high conservation and regulatory potential, bound a nuclear protein complex composed of NF-κB subunits with reduced avidity. Further, compared with the non-risk haplotype, the haplotype carrying this variant resulted in reduced TNFAIP3 mRNA and A20 protein expression. These results establish this TT>A variant as the most likely functional polymorphism responsible for the association between TNFAIP3 and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Adrianto
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Taylor KE, Chung SA, Graham RR, Ortmann WA, Lee AT, Langefeld CD, Jacob CO, Kamboh MI, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Tsao BP, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Harley JB, Petri M, Manzi S, Gregersen PK, Behrens TW, Criswell LA. Risk alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus in a large case-control collection and associations with clinical subphenotypes. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001311. [PMID: 21379322 PMCID: PMC3040652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically complex disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Recent studies have greatly expanded the number of established SLE risk alleles, but the distribution of multiple risk alleles in cases versus controls and their relationship to subphenotypes have not been studied. We studied 22 SLE susceptibility polymorphisms with previous genome-wide evidence of association (p < 5 x 10⁻¹²⁸) in 1919 SLE cases from 9 independent Caucasian SLE case series and 4813 independent controls. The mean number of risk alleles in cases was 15.1 (SD 3.1) while the mean in controls was 13.1 (SD 2.8), with trend p = 4 x 10⁻⁸. We defined a genetic risk score (GRS) for SLE as the number of risk alleles with each weighted by the SLE risk odds ratio (OR). The OR for high-low GRS tertiles, adjusted for intra-European ancestry, sex, and parent study, was 4.4 (95% CI 3.8-5.1). We studied associations of individual SNPs and the GRS with clinical manifestations for the cases: age at diagnosis, the 11 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, and double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA) production. Six subphenotypes were significantly associated with the GRS, most notably anti-dsDNA (OR(high-low) = 2.36, p = 9e-9), the immunologic criterion (OR(high-low) = 2.23, p = 3e-7), and age at diagnosis (OR(high-low) = 1.45, p = 0.0060). Finally, we developed a subphenotype-specific GRS (sub-GRS) for each phenotype with more power to detect cumulative genetic associations. The sub-GRS was more strongly associated than any single SNP effect for 5 subphenotypes (the above plus hematologic disorder and oral ulcers), while single loci are more significantly associated with renal disease (HLA-DRB1, OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.64) and arthritis (ITGAM, OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.88). We did not observe significant associations for other subphenotypes, for individual loci or the sub-GRS. Thus our analysis categorizes SLE subphenotypes into three groups: those having cumulative, single, and no known genetic association with respect to the currently established SLE risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Taylor
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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169
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Bruner BF, Vista ES, Wynn DM, Harley JB, James JA. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies target sequential functional proteinase 3 epitopes in the sera of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 162:262-70. [PMID: 21077276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA). Aside from being a diagnostic marker, these autoantibodies may play roles in disease pathogenesis. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the primary target of c-ANCA in WG patient sera. Of 60 c-ANCA-positive patients, 10 patients were selected for detailed humoral epitope analysis, contingent upon serum availability, using samples with positive levels of anti-PR3 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sequential epitope specificities of anti-PR3 antibodies detected by screening the maximally overlapping solid-phase octapeptides of PR3 showed seven major common antigenic targets bound by WG patient sera. These include novel and previously identified sequential PR3 epitopes bound by c-ANCA. B cell epitope prediction algorithms identified all or part of the seven defined epitopes. Several epitopes share sequence and structural proximity with functional sites, including the catalytic triad and proposed binding sites of other potential proteins [PR3 complementary peptide and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR)]. Epitope 4 (VVLGAHNVRTQ) had the highest binding prevalence (90%) and epitope 2 (AQPHSRPYMAS) has the highest average reactivity of the antigenic regions. Epitope 4 includes the interaction site between sEPCR and PR3 which may serve as an important interaction to down-regulate inflammation. Epitopes 3, 5 and 7 are in direct proximity to amino acids that form the catalytic triad of the protein. c-ANCA targets both unique and previously known sequential PR3 peptides. This information may prove useful in understanding anti-PR3-mediated disease pathogenesis in systemic vasculitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Bruner
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA
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170
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Lessard CJ, Adrianto I, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Grundahl KM, Adler A, Williams AH, Gallant CJ, Anaya JM, Bae SC, Boackle SA, Brown EE, Chang DM, Criswell LA, Edberg JC, Freedman BI, Gregersen PK, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, James JA, Kamen DL, Kimberly RP, Martin J, Merrill JT, Niewold TB, Park SY, Petri MA, Pons-Estel BA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Song YW, Stevens AM, Tsao BP, Vila LM, Vyse TJ, Yu CY, Guthridge JM, Bruner GR, Langefeld CD, Montgomery C, Harley JB, Scofield RH, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Moser KL. Identification of a systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility locus at 11p13 between PDHX and CD44 in a multiethnic study. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88:83-91. [PMID: 21194677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered to be the prototypic autoimmune disease, with a complex genetic architecture influenced by environmental factors. We sought to replicate a putative association at 11p13 not yet exceeding genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10(-8)) identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Our GWA scan identified two intergenic SNPs located between PDHX and CD44 showing suggestive evidence of association with SLE in cases of European descent (rs2732552, p = 0.004, odds ratio [OR] = 0.78; rs387619, p = 0.003, OR = 0.78). The replication cohort consisted of >15,000 subjects, including 3562 SLE cases and 3491 controls of European ancestry, 1527 cases and 1811 controls of African American (AA) descent, and 1265 cases and 1260 controls of Asian origin. We observed robust association at both rs2732552 (p = 9.03 × 10(-8), OR = 0.83) and rs387619 (p = 7.7 × 10(-7), OR = 0.83) in the European samples with p(meta) = 1.82 × 10(-9) for rs2732552. The AA and Asian SLE cases also demonstrated association at rs2732552 (p = 5 × 10(-3), OR = 0.81 and p = 4.3 × 10(-4), OR = 0.80, respectively). A meta-analysis of rs2732552 for all racial and ethnic groups studied produced p(meta) = 2.36 × 10(-13). This locus contains multiple regulatory sites that could potentially affect expression and functions of CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein influencing immunologic, inflammatory, and oncologic phenotypes, or PDHX, a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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171
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Sestak AL, Kelly JA, Harley JB. Genetics of lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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172
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Thanou-Stavraki A, Sawalha AH, Crowson AN, Harley JB. Noodling andMycobacterium marinuminfection mimicking seronegative rheumatoid arthritis complicated by anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 63:160-4. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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173
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Ojwang JO, Adrianto I, Gray-McGuire C, Nath SK, Harley JB, Rayan GM, Harley JB, Rayan GM. Genome-wide association scan of Dupuytren's disease. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:2039-45. [PMID: 20971583 PMCID: PMC2998563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dupuytren's disease (DD) has a strong genetic component that is suggested by population studies and family clustering. Genetic studies have yet to identify the gene(s) involved in DD. The purpose of this study was to identify regions of the entire genome (chromosomes 1-23) associated with the disease by performing a genome-wide association scan on DD patients and controls. METHODS We isolated genomic DNA from saliva collected from 40 unrelated DD patients and 40 unaffected controls. We conducted the genotyping using CytoSNP-Infinium HD Ultra genotyping assay on the Illumina platform. Using both log regression and mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium analysis methods, we analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. RESULTS Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed a significant association in regions for chromosomes 1, 3 through 6, 11, 16, 17, and 23. Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium analysis showed ancestry-associated regions in chromosomes 2, 6, 8, 11, 16, and 20, which may harbor DD susceptibility genes. Both analysis methods revealed loci association in chromosomes 6, 11, and 16. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that chromosomes 6, 11, and 16 may contain the genes for DD and that multiple genes may be involved in DD. Future genetic studies on DD should focus on these areas of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Ojwang
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney Gray-McGuire
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Swapan K. Nath
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ghazi M. Rayan
- Orthopedic Surgery Department Oklahoma University and Division of Hand Surgery, Integris Baptists Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ghazi M. Rayan, MD: 3366 NW Expressway, Oklahoma City, OK 73112,
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174
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Sanchez E, Webb RD, Rasmussen A, Kelly JA, Riba L, Kaufman KM, Garcia-de la Torre I, Moctezuma JF, Maradiaga-Ceceña MA, Cardiel-Rios MH, Acevedo E, Cucho-Venegas M, Garcia MA, Gamron S, Pons-Estel BA, Vasconcelos C, Martin J, Tusié-Luna T, Harley JB, Richardson B, Sawalha AH, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Genetically determined Amerindian ancestry correlates with increased frequency of risk alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62:3722-9. [PMID: 20848568 PMCID: PMC3078084 DOI: 10.1002/art.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether genetically determined Amerindian ancestry predicts increased presence of risk alleles of known susceptibility genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 16 confirmed genetic susceptibility loci for SLE were genotyped in a set of 804 Mestizo lupus patients and 667 Mestizo healthy controls. In addition, 347 admixture informative markers were genotyped. Individual ancestry proportions were determined using STRUCTURE. Association analysis was performed using PLINK, and correlation between ancestry and the presence of risk alleles was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS A meta-analysis of the genetic association of the 16 SNPs across populations showed that TNFSF4, STAT4, ITGAM, and IRF5 were associated with lupus in a Hispanic Mestizo cohort enriched for European and Amerindian ancestry. In addition, 2 SNPs within the major histocompatibility complex region, previously shown to be associated in a genome-wide association study in Europeans, were also associated in Mestizos. Using linear regression, we predicted an average increase of 2.34 risk alleles when comparing an SLE patient with 100% Amerindian ancestry versus an SLE patient with 0% Amerindian ancestry (P < 0.0001). SLE patients with 43% more Amerindian ancestry were predicted to carry 1 additional risk allele. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Amerindian ancestry is associated with an increased number of risk alleles for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanchez
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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175
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Clancy RM, Marion MC, Kaufman KM, Ramos PS, Adler A, Harley JB, Langefeld CD, Buyon JP. Identification of candidate loci at 6p21 and 21q22 in a genome-wide association study of cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:3415-24. [PMID: 20662065 DOI: 10.1002/art.27658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus, comprising atrioventricular conduction defects and cardiomyopathy, occur in fetuses exposed to anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, and carry substantial mortality. There is strong evidence of a genetic contribution to the risk. This study was undertaken to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for associations with cardiac neonatal lupus. METHODS Children of European ancestry with cardiac neonatal lupus (n = 116) were genotyped using the Illumina 370K SNP platform and merged with 3,351 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for association with cardiac neonatal lupus were determined. RESULTS The 17 most significant associations with cardiac neonatal lupus were found in the HLA region. The region near the MICB gene showed the strongest variant (rs3099844; P(dom) = 4.52 × 10(-10) , OR 3.34 [95% CI 2.29-4.89]), followed by a missense variant within C6orf10 (rs7775397; P(dom) = 1.35 × 10(-9) , OR 3.30), which lies between NOTCH4 and BTNL2, and several SNPs near the tumor necrosis factor α gene, including rs2857595 (P(add) = 1.96 × 10(-9) , OR 2.37), rs2230365 (P(add) = 1.00 × 10(-3) , OR 0.46), and rs3128982 (P(add) = 6.40 × 10(-6) , OR 1.86). Outside the HLA region, an association was detected at 21q22, upstream of the transcription regulator ets-related isoform 1 (rs743446; P = 5.45 × 10(-6) , OR 2.40). HLA notwithstanding, no individual locus previously implicated in autoimmune diseases achieved genome-wide significance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variation near genes related to inflammatory and apoptotic responses may promote cardiac injury initiated by passively acquired autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Clancy
- New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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176
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Fürnrohr BG, Wach S, Kelly JA, Haslbeck M, Weber CK, Stach CM, Hueber AJ, Graef D, Spriewald BM, Manger K, Herrmann M, Kaufman KM, Frank SG, Goodmon E, James JA, Schett G, Winkler TH, Harley JB, Voll RE. Polymorphisms in the Hsp70 gene locus are genetically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1983-9. [PMID: 20498198 PMCID: PMC3002760 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in the delivery and presentation of antigenic peptides and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate genes encoding cytosolic Hsp70 proteins for associations of allelic variants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Case-control studies of two independent Caucasian SLE cohorts were performed. In a haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism approach, common variants of HspA1L, HspA1A and HspA1B were genotyped and principal component analyses were performed for the cohort from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF). Relative quantification of mRNA was carried out for each Hsp70 gene in healthy controls. Conditional regression analysis was performed to determine if allelic variants in Hsp70 act independently of HLA-DR3. RESULTS On analysis of common genetic variants of HspA1L, HspA1A and HspA1B, a haplotype significantly associated with SLE in the Erlangen-SLE cohort was identified, which was confirmed in the OMRF cohort. Depending on the cohorts, OR ranging from 1.43 to 1.88 and 2.64 to 3.16 was observed for individuals heterozygous and homozygous for the associated haplotype, respectively. Patients carrying the risk haplotype or the risk allele more often displayed autoantibodies to Ro and La in both cohorts. In healthy controls bearing this haplotype, the amount of HspA1A mRNA was significantly increased, whereas total Hsp70 protein concentration was not altered. CONCLUSIONS Allelic variants of the Hsp70 genes are significantly associated with SLE in Caucasians, independently of HLA-DR3, and correlate with the presence of autoantibodies to Ro and La. Hence, the Hsp70 gene locus appears to be involved in SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Fürnrohr
- IZKF Research Group 2, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian K Weber
- IZKF Research Group 2, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian M Stach
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel J Hueber
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniela Graef
- IZKF Research Group 2, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd M Spriewald
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Summer G Frank
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ellen Goodmon
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John B Harley
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- IZKF Research Group 2, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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177
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Webb R, Kelly JA, Somers EC, Hughes T, Kaufman KM, Sanchez E, Nath SK, Bruner G, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Richardson BC, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. Early disease onset is predicted by a higher genetic risk for lupus and is associated with a more severe phenotype in lupus patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 70:151-6. [PMID: 20881011 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.141697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multiorgan, autoimmune disease that affects people of all ages and ethnicities. OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between age at disease onset and many of the diverse manifestations of SLE. Additionally, to determine the relationship between age of disease onset and genetic risk in patients with SLE. METHODS The relationship between the age at disease onset and SLE manifestations were explored in a multi-racial cohort of 1317 patients. Patients with SLE were genotyped across 19 confirmed genetic susceptibility loci for SLE. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between the number of risk alleles present and age of disease onset. RESULTS Childhood-onset SLE had higher odds of proteinuria, malar rash, anti-dsDNA antibody, haemolytic anaemia, arthritis and leucopenia (OR=3.03, 2.13, 2.08, 2.50, 1.89, 1.53, respectively; p values <0.0001, 0.0004, 0.0005, 0.0024, 0.0114, 0.045, respectively). In female subjects, the odds of having cellular casts were 2.18 times higher in childhood-onset than in adult-onset SLE (p=0.0027). With age of onset ≥50, the odds of having proteinuria, cellular casts, anti-nRNP antibody, anti-Sm antibody, anti-dsDNA antibody and seizures were reduced. However, late adult-onset patients with SLE have higher odds of developing photosensitivity than early adult-onset patients. Each SLE-susceptibility risk allele carried within the genome of patients with SLE increased the odds of having a childhood-onset disease in a race-specific manner: by an average of 48% in Gullah and 25% in African-Americans, but this was not significant in Hispanic and European-American lupus patients. CONCLUSIONS The genetic contribution towards predicting early-onset disease in patients with SLE is quantified for the first time. A more severe SLE phenotype is found in patients with early-onset disease in a large multi-racial cohort, independent of gender, race and disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Webb
- Arthritis & Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Rasmussen A, Sevier S, Kelly JA, Glenn SB, Aberle T, Cooney CM, Grether A, James E, Ning J, Tesiram J, Morrisey J, Powe T, Drexel M, Daniel W, Namjou B, Ojwang JO, Nguyen KL, Cavett JW, Te JL, James JA, Scofield RH, Moser K, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Carson CW, Quintero-del-Rio AI, del Carmen Ballesteros M, Punaro MG, Karp DR, Wallace DJ, Weisman M, Merrill JT, Rivera R, Petri MA, Albert DA, Espinoza LR, Utset TO, Shaver TS, Arthur E, Anaya JM, Bruner GR, Harley JB. The lupus family registry and repository. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:47-59. [PMID: 20864496 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lupus Family Registry and Repository (LFRR) was established with the goal of assembling and distributing materials and data from families with one or more living members diagnosed with SLE, in order to address SLE genetics. In the present article, we describe the problems and solutions of the registry design and biometric data gathering; the protocols implemented to guarantee data quality and protection of participant privacy and consent; and the establishment of a local and international network of collaborators. At the same time, we illustrate how the LFRR has enabled progress in lupus genetics research, answering old scientific questions while laying out new challenges in the elucidation of the biologic mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Trained staff ascertain SLE cases, unaffected family members and population-based controls, proceeding in compliance with the relevant laws and standards; participant consent and privacy are central to the LFRR's effort. Data, DNA, serum, plasma, peripheral blood and transformed B-cell lines are collected and stored, and subject to strict quality control and safety measures. Coded data and materials derived from the registry are available for approved scientific users. The LFRR has contributed to the discovery of most of the 37 genetic associations now known to contribute to lupus through 104 publications. The LFRR contains 2618 lupus cases from 1954 pedigrees that are being studied by 76 approved users and their collaborators. The registry includes difficult to obtain populations, such as multiplex pedigrees, minority patients and affected males, and constitutes the largest collection of lupus pedigrees in the world. The LFRR is a useful resource for the discovery and characterization of genetic associations in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Crowe SR, Ash LL, Engler RJM, Ballard JD, Harley JB, Farris AD, James JA. Select human anthrax protective antigen epitope-specific antibodies provide protection from lethal toxin challenge. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:251-60. [PMID: 20533877 DOI: 10.1086/653495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis remains a serious bioterrorism concern, and the currently licensed vaccine remains an incomplete solution for population protection from inhalation anthrax and has been associated with concerns regarding efficacy and safety. Thus, understanding how to generate long-lasting protective immunity with reduced immunizations or provide protection through postexposure immunotherapeutics are long-sought goals. Through evaluation of a large military cohort, we characterized the levels of antibodies against protective antigen and found that over half of anthrax vaccinees had low serum levels of in vitro toxin neutralization capacity. Using solid-phase epitope mapping and confirmatory assays, we identified several neutralization-associated humoral epitopes and demonstrated that select antipeptide responses mediated protection in vitro. Finally, passively transferred antibodies specific for select epitopes provided protection in an in vivo lethal toxin mouse model. Identification of these antigenic regions has important implications for vaccine design and the development of directed immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R Crowe
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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180
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Bronson PG, Komorowski LK, Ramsay PP, May SL, Noble J, Lane JA, Thomson G, Claas FH, Seldin MF, Kelly JA, Harley JB, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Behrens T, Criswell LA, Barcellos LF. Analysis of maternal-offspring HLA compatibility, parent-of-origin effects, and noninherited maternal antigen effects for HLA-DRB1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1712-7. [PMID: 20191587 DOI: 10.1002/art.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well established, with the HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 loci demonstrating the strongest association. However, HLA may also influence SLE through novel biologic mechanisms in addition to genetic transmission of risk alleles. Evidence for increased maternal-offspring HLA class II compatibility in SLE and differences in maternal versus paternal transmission rates (parent-of-origin effects) and nontransmission rates (noninherited maternal antigen [NIMA] effects) in other autoimmune diseases have been reported. Thus, we investigated maternal-offspring HLA compatibility, parent-of-origin effects, and NIMA effects at DRB1 in SLE. METHODS The cohort comprised 707 SLE families and 188 independent healthy maternal-offspring pairs (total of 2,497 individuals). Family-based association tests were conducted to compare transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles (transmission disequilibrium test) and both maternally versus paternally transmitted (parent-of-origin) and nontransmitted alleles (using the chi-square test of heterogeneity). Analyses were stratified according to the sex of the offspring. Maternally affected offspring DRB1 compatibility in SLE families was compared with paternally affected offspring compatibility and with independent control maternal-offspring pairs (using Fisher's test) and was restricted to male and nulligravid female offspring with SLE. RESULTS As expected, DRB1 was associated with SLE (P < 1 x 10(-4)). However, mothers of children with SLE had similar transmission and nontransmission frequencies for DRB1 alleles when compared with fathers, including those for the known SLE risk alleles HLA-DRB1*0301, *1501, and *0801. No association between maternal-offspring compatibility and SLE was observed. CONCLUSION Maternal-offspring HLA compatibility, parent-of-origin effects, and NIMA effects at DRB1 are unlikely to play a role in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Bronson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7356, USA
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Harley JB, James JA. Everyone comes from somewhere: systemic lupus erythematosus and Epstein-Barr virus induction of host interferon and humoral anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1571-5. [PMID: 20178135 DOI: 10.1002/art.27421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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182
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Te JL, Dozmorov IM, Guthridge JM, Nguyen KL, Cavett JW, Kelly JA, Bruner GR, Harley JB, Ojwang JO. Identification of unique microRNA signature associated with lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10344. [PMID: 20485490 PMCID: PMC2867940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as an important new class of modulators of gene expression. In this study we investigated miRNA that are differentially expressed in lupus nephritis. Microarray technology was used to investigate differentially expressed miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-transformed cell lines obtained from lupus nephritis affected patients and unaffected controls. TaqMan-based stem-loop real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for validation. Microarray analysis of miRNA expressed in both African American (AA) and European American (EA) derived lupus nephritis samples revealed 29 and 50 differentially expressed miRNA, respectively, of 850 tested. There were 18 miRNA that were differentially expressed in both racial groups. When samples from both racial groups and different specimen types were considered, there were 5 primary miRNA that were differentially expressed. We have identified 5 miRNA; hsa-miR-371-5P, hsa-miR-423-5P, hsa-miR-638, hsa-miR-1224-3P and hsa-miR-663 that were differentially expressed in lupus nephritis across different racial groups and all specimen types tested. Hsa-miR-371-5P, hsa-miR-1224-3P and hsa-miR-423-5P, are reported here for the first time to be associated with lupus nephritis. Our work establishes EBV-transformed B cell lines as a useful model for the discovery of miRNA as biomarkers for SLE. Based on these findings, we postulate that these differentially expressed miRNA may be potential novel biomarkers for SLE as well as help elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of lupus nephritis. The investigation of miRNA profiles in SLE may lead to the discovery and development of novel methods to diagnosis, treat and prevent SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie L. Te
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Igor M. Dozmorov
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kim L. Nguyen
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Joshua W. Cavett
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Gail R. Bruner
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - John B. Harley
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Joshua O. Ojwang
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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183
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Heinlen LD, Ritterhouse LL, McClain MT, Keith MP, Neas BR, Harley JB, James JA. Ribosomal P autoantibodies are present before SLE onset and are directed against non-C-terminal peptides. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:719-27. [PMID: 20396862 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to ribosomal P (ribo P) are found in 15-30% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and are highly specific for SLE. The goal of this study is to assess the temporal association of anti-ribosomal P (anti-P) responses with SLE disease onset, as well as to characterize select humoral ribo P epitopes targeted in early, pre-diagnostic SLE samples. Patients with stored serial serum samples available prior to SLE diagnosis were identified from a military cohort. Each sample was tested for antibodies against ribo P utilizing standard C terminus ribo P enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a solid phase, bead-based assay with affinity-purified ribo P proteins. In this study, antibodies to ribo P were more common in African American SLE patients (p = 0.026), and anti-P-positive patients comprised a group with more measured autoantibody specificities than did other SLE patients (3.5 vs 2.2, p < 0.05). Antibodies against ribo P were present on average 1.7 years before SLE diagnosis and were detected an average of 1.08 years earlier in pre-diagnostic SLE samples using affinity-purified whole protein rather than C-terminal peptide alone (p = 0.0019). Furthermore, 61% of anti-P-positive patients initially had antibodies to aa 99-113, a known ribosomal P0 antigenic target, at a time point when no antibodies to the clinically used C terminus were detected. Our findings provide evidence that antibodies against ribosomal P frequently develop before clinical SLE diagnosis and are more broadly reactive than previously thought by targeting regions outside of the C terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latisha D Heinlen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Heinlen LD, McClain MT, Ritterhouse LL, Bruner BF, Edgerton CC, Keith MP, James JA, Harley JB. 60 kD Ro and nRNP A frequently initiate human lupus autoimmunity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9599. [PMID: 20224770 PMCID: PMC2835743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous, humoral autoimmune disorder. The unifying feature among SLE patients is the production of large quantities of autoantibodies. Serum samples from 129 patients collected before the onset of SLE and while in the United States military were evaluated for early pre-clinical serologic events. The first available positive serum sample frequently already contained multiple autoantibody specificities (65%). However, in 34 SLE patients the earliest pre-clinical serum sample positive for any detectable common autoantibody bound only a single autoantigen, most commonly 60 kD Ro (29%), nRNP A (24%), anti-phospholipids (18%) or rheumatoid factor (15%). We identified several recurrent patterns of autoantibody onset using these pre-diagnostic samples. In the serum samples available, anti-nRNP A appeared before or simultaneously with anti-nRNP 70 K in 96% of the patients who had both autoantibodies at diagnosis. Anti-60 kD Ro antibodies appeared before or simultaneously with anti-La (98%) or anti-52 kD Ro (95%). The autoantibody response in SLE patients begins simply, often binding a single specific autoantigen years before disease onset, followed by epitope spreading to additional autoantigenic specificities that are accrued in recurring patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latisha D. Heinlen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lauren L. Ritterhouse
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Benjamin F. Bruner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Colin C. Edgerton
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Keith
- National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - John B. Harley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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185
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Cobb BL, Fei Y, Jonsson R, Bolstad AI, Brun JG, Rischmueller M, Lester SE, Witte T, Illei G, Brennan M, Bowman S, Moser KL, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. Genetic association between methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1731-2. [PMID: 20215141 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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186
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Abstract
Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in United States, and currently, one in three women in United States has had a hysterectomy by the age of 60 years. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease and especially targets women of childbearing age at least 10 times higher than men, which reflects the major role of female sex hormones. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the potential effects of previous hysterectomy in our lupus cohort. Data collected from study subject questionnaires were obtained from the Lupus Family Registry and Repository (LFRR) at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Hysterectomy data were available from 3389 subjects. SLE patients with a positive history of hysterectomy have been selected and compared with matched lupus patients with a negative history of hysterectomy and healthy controls. Association analyses were performed, and the P values and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. SLE patients with a negative history of hysterectomy more likely had kidney nephritis or positive anti-dsDNA than age-matched SLE patients with a history of hysterectomy before disease onset. This effect was independent of ethnicity with an OR of 6.66 (95% CI = 3.09-14.38, P = 1.00 x 10(-8)) in European patients and 2.74 (95% CI = 1.43-5.25, P = 0.001) in African-Americans. SLE patients with a positive history of hysterectomy before disease onset also had a later age of disease onset (P = 0.0001) after adjustment for age and race. Our findings support the notion that the influence of female sex hormones in SLE and various clinical findings are tremendous and that surgical menopause such as this could significantly affect the outcome of disease and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Namjou
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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187
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Javierre BM, Fernandez AF, Richter J, Al-Shahrour F, Martin-Subero JI, Rodriguez-Ubreva J, Berdasco M, Fraga MF, O'Hanlon TP, Rider LG, Jacinto FV, Lopez-Longo FJ, Dopazo J, Forn M, Peinado MA, Carreño L, Sawalha AH, Harley JB, Siebert R, Esteller M, Miller FW, Ballestar E. Changes in the pattern of DNA methylation associate with twin discordance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genome Res 2009; 20:170-9. [PMID: 20028698 DOI: 10.1101/gr.100289.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monozygotic (MZ) twins are partially concordant for most complex diseases, including autoimmune disorders. Whereas phenotypic concordance can be used to study heritability, discordance suggests the role of non-genetic factors. In autoimmune diseases, environmentally driven epigenetic changes are thought to contribute to their etiology. Here we report the first high-throughput and candidate sequence analyses of DNA methylation to investigate discordance for autoimmune disease in twins. We used a cohort of MZ twins discordant for three diseases whose clinical signs often overlap: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatomyositis. Only MZ twins discordant for SLE featured widespread changes in the DNA methylation status of a significant number of genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment in categories associated with immune function. Individual analysis confirmed the existence of DNA methylation and expression changes in genes relevant to SLE pathogenesis. These changes occurred in parallel with a global decrease in the 5-methylcytosine content that was concomitantly accompanied with changes in DNA methylation and expression levels of ribosomal RNA genes, although no changes in repetitive sequences were found. Our findings not only identify potentially relevant DNA methylation markers for the clinical characterization of SLE patients but also support the notion that epigenetic changes may be critical in the clinical manifestations of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biola M Javierre
- Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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188
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Kim-Howard X, Maiti AK, Anaya JM, Bruner GR, Brown E, Merrill JT, Edberg JC, Petri MA, Reveille JD, Ramsey-Goldman R, Alarcon GS, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson G, Kimberly RP, James JA, Guthridge JM, Harley JB, Nath SK. ITGAM coding variant (rs1143679) influences the risk of renal disease, discoid rash and immunological manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with European ancestry. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69:1329-32. [PMID: 19939855 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It was hypothesised that the coding variant (R77H), rs1143679, within ITGAM could predict specific clinical manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD To assess genetic association, 2366 patients with SLE and 2931 unaffected controls with European ancestry were analysed. The patients with SLE were coded by the presence or absence of individual American College of Rheumatology criteria. Logistic regression and Pearson chi(2) tests were used to assess statistical significance. RESULTS For overall case-control analysis, a highly significant association was detected (p=2.22x10-21, OR 1.73). Using case-only analysis, a significant association was detected with renal criteria (p=0.0003), discoid rash (p=0.02) and immunological criteria (p=0.04). When patients with SLE were compared with healthy controls, the association became stronger for renal (p=4.69x10-22, OR 2.15), discoid (p=1.77x10-14, OR 2.03) and immunological (p=3.49x10-22, OR 1.86) criteria. Risk allele frequency increased from 10.6% (controls) to 17.0% (SLE), 20.4% (renal), 18.1% (immunological) and 19.5% (discoid). CONCLUSION These results show a strong association between the risk allele (A) at rs1143679 and renal disease, discoid rash and immunological manifestations of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xana Kim-Howard
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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189
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Barcellos LF, May SL, Ramsay PP, Quach HL, Lane JA, Nititham J, Noble JA, Taylor KE, Quach DL, Chung SA, Kelly JA, Moser KL, Behrens TW, Seldin MF, Thomson G, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA. High-density SNP screening of the major histocompatibility complex in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrates strong evidence for independent susceptibility regions. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000696. [PMID: 19851445 PMCID: PMC2758598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial genetic contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk is conferred by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene(s) on chromosome 6p21. Previous studies in SLE have lacked statistical power and genetic resolution to fully define MHC influences. We characterized 1,610 Caucasian SLE cases and 1,470 parents for 1,974 MHC SNPs, the highly polymorphic HLA-DRB1 locus, and a panel of ancestry informative markers. Single-marker analyses revealed strong signals for SNPs within several MHC regions, as well as with HLA-DRB1 (global p = 9.99×10−16). The most strongly associated DRB1 alleles were: *0301 (odds ratio, OR = 2.21, p = 2.53×10−12), *1401 (OR = 0.50, p = 0.0002), and *1501 (OR = 1.39, p = 0.0032). The MHC region SNP demonstrating the strongest evidence of association with SLE was rs3117103, with OR = 2.44 and p = 2.80×10−13. Conditional haplotype and stepwise logistic regression analyses identified strong evidence for association between SLE and the extended class I, class I, class III, class II, and the extended class II MHC regions. Sequential removal of SLE–associated DRB1 haplotypes revealed independent effects due to variation within OR2H2 (extended class I, rs362521, p = 0.006), CREBL1 (class III, rs8283, p = 0.01), and DQB2 (class II, rs7769979, p = 0.003, and rs10947345, p = 0.0004). Further, conditional haplotype analyses demonstrated that variation within MICB (class I, rs3828903, p = 0.006) also contributes to SLE risk independent of HLA-DRB1*0301. Our results for the first time delineate with high resolution several MHC regions with independent contributions to SLE risk. We provide a list of candidate variants based on biologic and functional considerations that may be causally related to SLE risk and warrant further investigation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and involvement of multiple organ systems. Although the cause of SLE remains unknown, several lines of evidence underscore the importance of genetic factors. As is true for most autoimmune diseases, a substantial genetic contribution to disease risk is conferred by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene(s) on chromosome 6. This region of the genome contains a large number of genes that participate in the immune response. However, the full contribution of this genomic region to SLE risk has not yet been defined. In the current study we characterize a large number of SLE patients and family members for approximately 2,000 MHC region variants to identify the specific genes that influence disease risk. Our results, for the first time, implicate four different MHC regions in SLE risk. We provide a list of candidate variants based on biologic and functional considerations that may be causally related to SLE risk and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Barcellos
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Suzanne L. May
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia P. Ramsay
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hong L. Quach
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Lane
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne Nititham
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janelle A. Noble
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly E. Taylor
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Diana L. Quach
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Chung
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Timothy W. Behrens
- Immunology Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Seldin
- University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Glenys Thomson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - John B. Harley
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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190
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Chung SA, Tian C, Taylor KE, Lee AT, Ortmann WA, Hom G, Graham RR, Nititham J, Kelly JA, Morrisey J, Wu H, Yin H, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Tsao BP, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Manzi S, Petri M, Gregersen PK, Langefeld CD, Behrens TW, Seldin MF, Criswell LA. European population substructure is associated with mucocutaneous manifestations and autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2448-56. [PMID: 19644962 DOI: 10.1002/art.24707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether genetic substructure in European-derived populations is associated with specific manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including mucocutaneous phenotypes, autoantibody production, and renal disease. METHODS SLE patients of European descent (n=1,754) from 8 case collections were genotyped for >1,400 ancestry informative markers that define a north-south gradient of European substructure. Using the Structure program, each SLE patient was characterized in terms of percent Northern (versus percent Southern) European ancestry based on these genetic markers. Nonparametric methods, including tests for trend, were used to identify associations between Northern European ancestry and specific SLE manifestations. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, increasing levels of Northern European ancestry were significantly associated with photosensitivity (Ptrend=0.0021, odds ratio for highest quartile of Northern European ancestry versus lowest quartile [ORhigh-low] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13-2.35) and discoid rash (Ptrend=0.014, ORhigh-low 1.93, 95% CI 0.98-3.83). In contrast, increasing levels of Northern European ancestry had a protective effect against the production of anticardiolipin autoantibodies (Ptrend=1.6x10(-4), ORhigh-low 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.69) and anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies (Ptrend=0.017, ORhigh-low 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.96). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that specific SLE manifestations vary according to Northern versus Southern European ancestry. Thus, genetic ancestry may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity and variation in disease outcomes among SLE patients of European descent. Moreover, these results suggest that genetic studies of SLE subphenotypes will need to carefully address issues of population substructure based on genetic ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0500, USA.
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191
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Webb R, Merrill JT, Kelly JA, Sestak A, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Ziegler J, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Vilá LM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, James JA, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Vyse TJ, Nath SK, Lipsky P, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. A polymorphism within IL21R confers risk for systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2402-7. [PMID: 19644854 DOI: 10.1002/art.24658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a member of the type I cytokine superfamily that has a variety of effects on the immune system, including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. The expression of IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) is reduced in the B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), while serum IL-21 levels are increased both in lupus patients and in some murine lupus models. We recently reported that polymorphisms within the IL21 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to SLE. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within IL21R and SLE. METHODS We genotyped 17 SNPs in the IL21R gene in 2 large cohorts of lupus patients (a European-derived cohort and a Hispanic cohort) and in ethnically matched healthy controls. RESULTS We identified and confirmed the association between rs3093301 within the IL21R gene and SLE in the 2 cohorts (meta-analysis odds ratio 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.08-1.25], P=1.0x10(-4)). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IL21R is a novel susceptibility gene for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Webb
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Namjou B, Gray-McGuire C, Sestak AL, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, Merrill JT, James JA, Wakeland EK, Li QZ, Langefeld CD, Divers J, Ziegler J, Moser KL, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Harley JB. Evaluation of C1q genomic region in minority racial groups of lupus. Genes Immun 2009; 10:517-24. [PMID: 19440201 PMCID: PMC2769492 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complement cascade plasma proteins play a complex role in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hereditary C1q deficiency has been strongly related to SLE; however, there are very few published SLE studies that evaluate the polymorphisms of genes encoding for C1q (A, B and C). In this study, we evaluated 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 37 kb of C1QA, C1QB and C1QC in a lupus cohort of individuals of the African-American and Hispanic origin. In a case-only analysis, a significant association at multiple SNPs in the C1QA gene was detected in African Americans with kidney nephritis (best P=4.91 x 10(-6)). In addition, C1QA was associated with SLE in African Americans with a lack of nephritis and accompanying photosensitivity when compared with that in normal controls (P=6.80 x 10(-6)). A similar trend was observed in the Hispanic subjects (P=0.003). Quantitative analysis showed that some SNPs in C1q genes might be correlated with C3 complement levels in an additive model among African Americans (best P=0.0001). The C1QA gene is associated with subphenotypes of lupus in the African-American and Hispanic subjects. Further studies with higher SNP densities in this region and other complement components are necessary to elucidate the complex genetics and phenotypic interactions between complement components and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Namjou
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Gray-McGuire
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Andrea L. Sestak
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Joan T Merrill
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Edward K. Wakeland
- Center for Immunology,University of Texas at Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Center for Immunology,University of Texas at Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Julie Ziegler
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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194
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Namjou B, Sestak AL, Armstrong DL, Zidovetzki R, Kelly JA, Jacob N, Ciobanu V, Kaufman KM, Ojwang JO, Ziegler J, Quismorio FP, Reiff A, Myones BL, Guthridge JM, Nath SK, Bruner GR, Mehrian-Shai R, Silverman E, Klein-Gitelman M, McCurdy D, Wagner-Weiner L, Nocton JJ, Putterman C, Bae SC, Kim YJ, Petri M, Reveille JD, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Merrill JT, Scofield RH, James JA, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Jacob CO. High-density genotyping of STAT4 reveals multiple haplotypic associations with systemic lupus erythematosus in different racial groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1085-95. [PMID: 19333953 DOI: 10.1002/art.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disorder, with complex etiology and a strong genetic component. Recently, gene products involved in the interferon pathway have been under intense investigation in terms of the pathogenesis of SLE. STAT-1 and STAT-4 are transcription factors that play key roles in the interferon and Th1 signaling pathways, making them attractive candidates for involvement in SLE susceptibility. METHODS Fifty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across STAT1 and STAT4 on chromosome 2 were genotyped using the Illumina platform, as part of an extensive association study in a large collection of 9,923 lupus patients and control subjects from different racial groups. DNA samples were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with SLE and control subjects. Principal components analyses and population-based case-control association analyses were performed, and the P values, false discovery rate q values, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS We observed strong genetic associations with SLE and multiple SNPs located within STAT4 in different ethnic groups (Fisher's combined P = 7.02 x 10(-25)). In addition to strongly confirming the previously reported association in the third intronic region of this gene, we identified additional haplotypic association across STAT4 and, in particular, a common risk haplotype that is found in multiple racial groups. In contrast, only a relatively weak suggestive association was observed with STAT1, probably due to its proximity to STAT4. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that STAT4 is likely to be a crucial component in SLE pathogenesis in multiple racial groups. Knowledge of the functional effects of this association, when they are revealed, might improve our understanding of the disease and provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Namjou
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
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195
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Webb R, Wren JD, Jeffries M, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Tang Y, Frank MB, Merrill J, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Vilá LM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, James JA, Vyse TJ, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Gilkeson GS, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. Variants within MECP2, a key transcription regulator, are associated with increased susceptibility to lupus and differential gene expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1076-84. [PMID: 19333917 DOI: 10.1002/art.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both genetic and epigenetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus. The aim of this study was to examine methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) polymorphisms in a large cohort of patients with lupus and control subjects, and to determine the functional consequences of the lupus-associated MECP2 haplotype. METHODS We genotyped 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within MECP2, located on chromosome Xq28, in a large cohort of patients with lupus and control subjects of European descent. We studied the functional effects of the lupus-associated MECP2 haplotype by determining gene expression profiles in B cell lines in female lupus patients with and those without the lupus-associated MECP2 risk haplotype. RESULTS We confirmed, replicated, and extended the genetic association between lupus and genetic markers within MECP2 in a large independent cohort of lupus patients and control subjects of European descent (odds ratio 1.35, P = 6.65 x 10(-11)). MECP2 is a dichotomous transcription regulator that either activates or represses gene expression. We identified 128 genes that are differentially expressed in lupus patients with the disease-associated MECP2 haplotype; most ( approximately 81%) were up-regulated. Genes that were up-regulated had significantly more CpG islands in their promoter regions compared with genes that were down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis using the differentially expressed genes revealed significant association with epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, suggesting that these genes are targets for MECP2 regulation in B cells. Furthermore, at least 13 of the 104 up-regulated genes are regulated by interferon. The disease-risk MECP2 haplotype was associated with increased expression of the MECP2 transcription coactivator CREB1 and decreased expression of the corepressor histone deacetylase 1. CONCLUSION Polymorphism in the MECP2 locus is associated with lupus and, at least in part, contributes to the interferon signature observed in lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Webb
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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196
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Abstract
Similar to other autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominately affects women. Recent reports demonstrate excess Klinefelter's among men with SLE and a possible under-representation of Turner's syndrome among women with SLE as well as a case report of a 46,XX boy with SLE. These data suggest that risk of SLE is related to a gene dose effect for the X chromosome. Such an effect could be mediated by abnormal inactivation of genes on the X chromosome as has been demonstrated for CD40L, or by genetic polymorphism as has been demonstrated for Xq28. On the other hand, a gene dose effect could also be mediated by a gene without an SLE-associated polymorphism in that a gene that avoids X inactivation will have a higher level of expression in persons with two X chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Sawalha
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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197
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Abstract
Genetic variation was first shown to be important in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) in the 1970s with associations in the human leukocyte antigen region. Almost four decades later, and with the help of increasingly powerful genetic approaches, more than 25 genes are now known to contribute to the mechanisms that predispose individuals to lupus. Over half of these loci have been discovered in the past 2 years, underscoring the extraordinary success of genome-wide association approaches in SLE. Well-established risk factors include alleles in the major histocompatibility complex region (multiple genes), IRF5, ITGAM, STAT4, BLK, BANK1, PDCD1, PTPN22, TNFSF4, TNFAIP3, SPP1, some of the Fcgamma receptors, and deficiencies in several complement components, including C1q, C4 and C2. As reviewed here, many susceptibility genes fall into key pathways that are consistent with previous studies implicating immune complexes, host immune signal transduction and interferon pathways in the pathogenesis of SLE. Other loci have no known function or apparent immunological role and have the potential to reveal novel disease mechanisms. Certainly, as our understanding of the genetic etiology of SLE continues to mature, important new opportunities will emerge for developing more effective diagnostic and clinical management tools for this complex autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Moser
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Poole BD, Schneider RI, Guthridge JM, Velte CA, Reichlin M, Harley JB, James JA. Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:848-59. [PMID: 19248110 DOI: 10.1002/art.24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The U1 small nuclear RNPs are common targets of autoantibodies in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. However, the etiology and progression of autoimmune responses directed against these antigens are not well understood. The aim of this study was to use a unique collection of serial samples obtained from patients before and after the development of nuclear RNP (nRNP) antibodies to investigate early humoral events in the development of anti-nRNP autoimmunity. METHODS Lupus patients with sera available from both before and after the development of nRNP antibody precipitin were identified from the Oklahoma Clinical Immunology Serum Repository. Antibodies in the serial samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, solid-phase epitope mapping, and competition assays. RESULTS The first-detected nRNP antibodies targeted 6 common initial epitopes in nRNP A, 2 in nRNP C, and 9 in nRNP 70K. The initial epitopes of nRNP A and nRNP C were significantly enriched for proline and shared up to 95% sequence homology. The initial nRNP 70K humoral epitopes differed from those of nRNP A and nRNP C. The initial antibodies to nRNP A and nRNP C were cross-reactive with the SmB'-derived peptide PPPGMRPP. Antibody binding against all 3 nRNP subunits diversified significantly over time. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to nRNP A and nRNP C initially targeted restricted, proline-rich motifs. Antibody binding subsequently spread to other epitopes. The similarity and cross-reactivity between the initial targets of nRNP and Sm autoantibodies identifies a likely commonality in cause and a focal point for intermolecular epitope spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Poole
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, and Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Liu K, Li QZ, Delgado-Vega AM, Abelson AK, Sánchez E, Kelly JA, Li L, Liu Y, Zhou J, Yan M, Ye Q, Liu S, Xie C, Zhou XJ, Chung SA, Pons-Estel B, Witte T, de Ramón E, Bae SC, Barizzone N, Sebastiani GD, Merrill JT, Gregersen PK, Gilkeson GG, Kimberly RP, Vyse TJ, Kim I, D'Alfonso S, Martin J, Harley JB, Criswell LA, Wakeland EK, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Mohan C. Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:911-23. [PMID: 19307730 DOI: 10.1172/jci36728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated nephritis contributes to disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture syndrome (caused by antibodies specific for glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM antibodies]), and spontaneous lupus nephritis. Inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced and spontaneous lupus nephritis. This study sought to clarify the genetic and molecular factors that maybe responsible for enhanced immune-mediated renal disease in these models. When the kidneys of 3 mouse strains sensitive to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis were compared with those of 2 control strains using microarray analysis, one-fifth of the underexpressed genes belonged to the kallikrein gene family,which encodes serine esterases. Mouse strains that upregulated renal and urinary kallikreins exhibited less evidence of disease. Antagonizing the kallikrein pathway augmented disease, while agonists dampened the severity of anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis. In addition, nephritis-sensitive mouse strains had kallikrein haplotypes that were distinct from those of control strains, including several regulatory polymorphisms,some of which were associated with functional consequences. Indeed, increased susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis was achieved by breeding mice with a genetic interval harboring the kallikrein genes onto a disease-resistant background. Finally, both human SLE and spontaneous lupus nephritis were found to be associated with kallikrein genes, particularly KLK1 and the KLK3 promoter, when DNA SNPs from independent cohorts of SLE patients and controls were compared. Collectively, these studies suggest that kallikreins are protective disease-associated genes in anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8884, USA
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Douglas KB, Windels DC, Zhao J, Gadeliya AV, Wu H, Kaufman KM, Harley JB, Merrill J, Kimberly RP, Alarcón GS, Brown EE, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Gaffney PM, James JA, Moser KL, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, Ziegler JT, Langefeld CD, Ulgiati D, Tsao BP, Boackle SA. Complement receptor 2 polymorphisms associated with systemic lupus erythematosus modulate alternative splicing. Genes Immun 2009; 10:457-69. [PMID: 19387458 PMCID: PMC2714407 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors influence susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A recent family-based analysis in Caucasian and Chinese populations provided evidence for association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) gene with SLE. Here we confirmed this result in a case-control analysis of an independent European-derived population including 2084 patients with SLE and 2853 healthy controls. A haplotype formed by the minor alleles of three CR2 SNPs (rs1048971, rs17615, rs4308977) showed significant association with decreased risk of SLE (30.4% in cases vs 32.6% in controls, P=0.016, OR=0.90 (0.82-0.98)). Two of these SNPs are in exon 10, directly 5' of an alternatively spliced exon preferentially expressed in follicular dendritic cells (FDC), and the third is in the alternatively spliced exon. Effects of these SNPs and a fourth SNP in exon 11 (rs17616) on alternative splicing were evaluated. We found that the minor alleles of these SNPs decreased splicing efficiency of exon 11 both in vitro and ex vivo. These findings further implicate CR2 in the pathogenesis of SLE and suggest that CR2 variants alter the maintenance of tolerance and autoantibody production in the secondary lymphoid tissues where B cells and FDCs interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Douglas
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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