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Zhang X, Zhu M, Hong Z, Chen C. Co-culturing polarized M2 Thp-1-derived macrophages enhance stemness of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:709. [PMID: 33987407 PMCID: PMC8106048 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly associated with cancer stem cells, and affects tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induction of A549 cancer cell stemness by THP-1-derived macrophages. Method The Hedgehog inhibitor (Vismodegib), Notch inhibitor Gamma Secretase Inhibitor (GSI), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor Cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) were added separately into the co-culture system of A549 cancer cell with THP-1-derived macrophages. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and the Cell-IQ continuous surveillance system were used to examine the cell growth and morphological changes of A549 cells. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of stem cell markers were respectively analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, and the activity of Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the activation and differentiation of macrophages. Results Results showed that the proliferation and stemness of A549 cells were significantly enhanced by co-culturing with THP-1-derived macrophages. The expression levels of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages were notably increased after co-culturing with A549 cells. Meanwhile, co-culturing with A549 cells induced the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Moreover, the inhibitors could reduce the proliferation and stemness of the co-culture system, and decrease the expression of TGF-β and IL-6. Conclusions These results suggested that co-culturing A549 cells with THP-1-derived macrophages could induce the stemness of A549 cells via multiple pro-tumorigenic pathways. Thus, inhibition of the interaction between macrophages and lung cancer stem cells may be a viable target for lung cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zipu Hong
- Department of Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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152
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Hadisaputri YE, Andika R, Sopyan I, Zuhrotun A, Maharani R, Rachmat R, Abdulah R. Caspase Cascade Activation During Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Lung Carcinoma Cells A549 Induced by Marine Sponge Callyspongia aerizusa. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1357-1368. [PMID: 33824580 PMCID: PMC8018393 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In this study, Callyspongia aerizusa (CA), one of the most popular marine sponges for cancer therapy research, was investigated for its phytochemical compounds and evaluated for its anticancer activity in various cell lines. Since lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, a solution from this marine source is a good choice to address the resistance to anticancer agents. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism of cell death elicited by a CA extract in human lung carcinoma cells A549 was undertaken. Methods The presence of secondary metabolites in CA methanol extract was revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated on four cancerous cell lines and a non-cancerous cell line using Cell Counting Kit-8. Since the activity of CA extract in A549 cells was then evaluated through clonogenic assay, morphological detection of apoptosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assay, were also presented in this study. Results GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of two ergosteroids, ergost-22-en-3-one, (5β,22E), and ergost-7-en-3-ol, (35β) in the sponge extract that was suggested to suppress A549 cells (IC50 9.38 μg/mL), and another cancerous cell’s viability (IC50 3.12–10.72 μg/mL) in 24 h, but not in the non-cancerous cells. Moreover, CA extract was also able to reduce the colony-forming ability of A549 cells, and through A549 cells morphology seems that apoptosis is the underlying mechanism of cell death. Further, the treatment with CA extract induced the up-regulation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1, and the down-regulation of BCL-2, in both mRNA and proteins expression level, promoting apoptotic cell death via caspase cascade. Conclusion These findings suggest that the compounds in CA extract possess the ability to induce apoptotic cell death in A549 cells and could become a promising candidate for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rheza Andika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Iyan Sopyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacy Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Ade Zuhrotun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rachmaniar Rachmat
- Oceanographic Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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153
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Ye H, Pan J, Gong E, Cai X, Xu C, Li Y, Zheng H, Cao Z. Inhibitory Effect of Immunologically Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021. [PMID: 33769841 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The authors' study aimed to investigate the effects of immunologically activated human umbilical cord (HUC)-MSCs on A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: HUC-MSCs were separated from the umbilical cord using the adherence method. Surface markers of HUC-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry for MSC identification. Imiquimod (TLR7 agonist) was incubated with HUC-MSCs for immune activation, and the expression of MSC-specific markers and immune inflammatory molecules was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. HUC A549 cells were cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod, siTLR7 (small interfering RNA for TLR7) or TLR7 overexpression, and then cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and NF-κB was investigated using MTT assay, clone formation assay, transwell assay, and western blot, respectively. Results: HUC-MSCs were identified as positive for CD73, CD105, CD44, CD29, and CD90. Expression of MSC markers was inhibited, while those of immune inflammatory molecules expression except IL-6 (interleukin-6) was enhanced after MSCs were immunologically activated by imiquimod. After being cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod or overexpressed TLR7, cell viability, proliferation, and metastasis, and the phosphorylation of P65 and AKT in A549 cells were decreased, but apoptosis was increased, while siTLR7 showed the opposite effect HUC. Conclusions: Immunologically activated HUC-MSCs inhibited the growth and metastasis, yet, promoted the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells via regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Department of Medical Examination Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Respiration, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Hospital of Longquan, Lishui, China
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154
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Jeong J, Kim J. Cyclic RGD Pentapeptide Cilengitide Enhances Efficacy of Gefitinib on TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639095. [PMID: 33967774 PMCID: PMC8104086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process leading to high mortality and poor prognosis. The EMT is a fundamental process for morphogenesis characterized by the transformation of cancer cells into invasive forms that can be transferred to other organs during human lung cancer progression. Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, has shown anti-proliferative effects in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells and an inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of NSCLC cells to other organs. In this study, we evaluated the combinatorial treatment effect of cilengitide, a cyclic RGD pentapeptide, on TGF-β1-induced EMT phenotype and invasion. Gefitinib suppressed the expression of TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal markers by inhibiting Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Cilengitide enhanced the inhibitory effect of gefitinib on TGF-β1-induced expression of mesenchymal markers, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, and invasion of NSCLC A549 cells. We suggested that the use of cilengitide can improve the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs in combination drug-based chemotherapy. These results provide an improved therapeutic strategy for treating and preventing EMT-related disorders, such as NSCLC, lung fibrosis, cancer metastasis, and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Jeong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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155
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Wang X, Wang J, Huang G, Li Y, Guo S. miR‑320a‑3P alleviates the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of A549 cells by activation of STAT3/SMAD3 signaling in a pulmonary fibrosis model. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:357. [PMID: 33760151 PMCID: PMC7974326 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common, chronic and incurable lung disease, in which the lungs become scarred over time. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve key roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of miR-320a-3p as a potential therapeutic target for PF. Clinical samples and microarray datasets collected from various databases were used to evaluate the expression of miR-320a-3p in PF. A549 cells were used to construct an EMT model of PF. A dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to identify target genes of miR-320a-3p. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the roles of miR-320a-3p and its target genes in the EMT process in PF. The present study found that, compared with lung tissue of healthy control subjects, the expression of miR-320a-3p in lung tissue of PF patients was significantly reduced. The expression levels of miR-320a-3p decreased in TGF-β1-stimulated A549 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The overexpression of miR-320a-3p suppressed EMT markers induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells and STAT3 was identified as a potential target gene of miR-320a-3p. Furthermore, the expression changes of miR-320a-3p and STAT3 were found to significantly affect the expression of phosphorylated SMAD3 in TGF-β1-stimulated A549 cells. Briefly, overexpression of miR-320a-3p could inhibit the EMT process in PF by downregulating STAT3 expression. The mechanism mediating these effects may partly involve crosstalk between the SMAD3 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Guichuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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156
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Gridina M, Mozheiko E, Valeev E, Nazarenko LP, Lopatkina ME, Markova ZG, Yablonskaya MI, Voinova VY, Shilova NV, Lebedev IN, Fishman V. A cookbook for DNase Hi-C. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:15. [PMID: 33743768 PMCID: PMC7981840 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hi-C technique is widely employed to study the 3-dimensional chromatin architecture and to assemble genomes. The conventional in situ Hi-C protocol employs restriction enzymes to digest chromatin, which results in nonuniform genomic coverage. Using sequence-agnostic restriction enzymes, such as DNAse I, could help to overcome this limitation. Results In this study, we compare different DNAse Hi-C protocols and identify the critical steps that significantly affect the efficiency of the protocol. In particular, we show that the SDS quenching strategy strongly affects subsequent chromatin digestion. The presence of biotinylated oligonucleotide adapters may lead to ligase reaction by-products, which can be avoided by rational design of the adapter sequences. Moreover, the use of nucleotide-exchange enzymes for biotin fill-in enables simultaneous labelling and repair of DNA ends, similar to the conventional Hi-C protocol. These improvements simplify the protocol, making it less expensive and time-consuming. Conclusions We propose a new robust protocol for the preparation of DNAse Hi-C libraries from cultured human cells and blood samples supplemented with experimental controls and computational tools for the evaluation of library quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00389-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gridina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentjeva ave 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Mozheiko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentjeva ave 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Emil Valeev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentjeva ave 10, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str, 5, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria E Lopatkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str, 5, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Zhanna G Markova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechie str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I Yablonskaya
- Clinical Research Institute of Pediatrics Named After Acad. Y.E. Veltischev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Yu Voinova
- Clinical Research Institute of Pediatrics Named After Acad. Y.E. Veltischev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechie str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor N Lebedev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str, 5, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Veniamin Fishman
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentjeva ave 10, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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157
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Sak ZHA, Süzergöz F, Kasumov VT, Gürol AO. Anticancer Properties of Fluorinated Aminophenylhydrazines on A549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Line. Iran J Public Health 2021; 50:550-556. [PMID: 34178802 PMCID: PMC8214597 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for up to 85% of deaths associated with lung cancer. Chemotherapy is still an important treatment method on the treatment of inoperable cases. In this study, the anticancer properties of a series of Schiff bases were tested on the A549 cell line representing NSCLC. Methods: Fluorinated Schiff bases (compounds 1–6) were synthesized based on 2-amino phenylhydrazines and benzaldehydes containing fluorine were used. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds on the A549 cell line were determined by colorimetric MTT assay and the antiproliferative effects of the compounds on the A549 cell line by the CFSE method. To demonstrate the development of apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 expression in cells was tested using the immunofluorescence method. Morphological changes indicating apoptosis in cells were determined by histopathological staining methods (H & E, giemza, PAP). Results: The strongest cytotoxic effect on A549 lung cancer cells was obtained with compound 6 (IC50: 0.64 μM) containing 5 fluorine atoms. The strongest antiproliferative effect on A549 cells was achieved with compound 5 (PI: 4.95) carrying 2 fluorine atoms. Apoptosis induction was effective in cell death. In addition to cleaved caspase-3 expression, chromatin condensation, marginalization, and apoptotic bodies were observed in the cells. Conclusion: Some of the compounds tested showed high cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects, indicating that these compounds could be potential chemotherapeutic agent candidates for lung cancer. The result of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis showing that the cytotoxic effects have been induced by apoptosis is an important advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Hasan Ali Sak
- Department of Chest Disease, Medical Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Süzergöz
- Department of Biology, Science Art Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Veli Tarık Kasumov
- Department of Chemistry, Science Art Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Gürol
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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158
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Krishna G, Srileka V, Singara Charya M, Abu Serea ES, Shalan AE. Biogenic synthesis and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles mediated by white rot fungi. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06470. [PMID: 33786393 PMCID: PMC7988327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using silver nitrate via the biological route using the culture filtrate of Ganoderma enigmaticum as well as Trametes ljubarskyi white rot fungi materials at room temperature. The proposed synthetic technique was applied for the first time for AgNPs preparation via the biological route through a low-cost pathway, which considered as an adequate direction of preparation compared to the commercial methods. This study reports the in vitro cytotoxic effect of biologically synthesized AgNPs in disposing of the human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the viability of the tested cell lines was tested after treatment for 24 h in the presence of the prepared nanoparticles. The obtained results indicated the reduced viability of cancer cell lines with improving concentrations of AgNPs (40-120 μg/mL) at 24 h. Furthermore, at 120 μg/mL concentration, the fungal nanoparticles showed substantial cytotoxic effects toward the treated cells. Consequently, the results designated that the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles have effective behavior for treating A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells from the laboratory experiment approach; however, additional studies are required to validate these results in vivo models as anticancer agents depending on their cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudikandula Krishna
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, Telangana, India
| | - V. Srileka
- Chaitanya Degree and PG. College, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, Telangana, India
| | - M.A. Singara Charya
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, Telangana, India
| | - Esraa Samy Abu Serea
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
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159
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Santibáñez-Andrade M, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI, Morales-Bárcenas R, García-Cuellar CM. Long non-coding RNA NORAD upregulation induced by airborne particulate matter (PM 10) exposure leads to aneuploidy in A549 lung cells. Chemosphere 2021; 266:128994. [PMID: 33250223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a worldwide problem that affects human health predominantly in the largest cities. Particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) is considered a risk factor for multiple diseases, including lung cancer. The long non-coding RNA NORAD and the components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensure proper chromosomal segregation. Alterations in the SAC cause aneuploidy, a feature associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that PM10 treatment increased the expression levels of NORAD as well as those of SAC components mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1L1), mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2L1), BubR1 (BUB1B), aurora B (AURKB), and survivin (BIRC5) in the lung A549 cell line. We also demonstrated that MAD1L1, MAD2L1, and BUB1B expression levels were reduced when cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against NORAD. Interestingly, the expression levels of AURKB and BIRC5 (survivin) were not affected by transfection with NORAD siRNAs. Cells treated with PM10 exhibited a decrease in mitotic arrest and an increase in micronuclei frequency in synchronized A549 cells. PM10 exposure induced aneuploidy events as a result of SAC deregulation. We also observed a reduction in the protein levels of Pumilio 1 after PM10 treatment. Our results provide novel clues regarding the effect of PM10 in the generation of chromosomal instability, a phenotype observed in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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160
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Han X, Li A, Wang W, Du L, Wang C, Huang G. MYG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells via the AMPK/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 33692866 PMCID: PMC7933758 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 (MYG1) is an exonuclease that participates in RNA processing and is required for normal mitochondrial function. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MYG1 and its underlying mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The expression levels of MYG1 in tumor tissues of patients with LUAD were obtained from public cancer databases and analyzed using the UALCAN online software. The association between MYG1 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with LUAD was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. In addition, the role of MYG1 in the LUAD A549 and H1993 cell lines was determined by knocking down MYG1 expression with a specific small interfering RNA or by overexpressing it with a MYG1-containing plasmid. The results demonstrated that MYG1 expression levels were upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with those in normal lung tissues from healthy subjects, and high MYG1 expression levels were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. MYG1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1993 cells. In addition, MYG1 inhibited autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, the present results suggested that MYG1 may serve an oncogenic role in LUAD and may be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Han
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Aili Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Longxia Du
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Huang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
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Shaik MR, Syed R, Adil SF, Kuniyil M, Khan M, Alqahtani MS, Shaik JP, Siddiqui MRH, Al-Warthan A, Sharaf MAF, Abdelgawad A, Awwad EM. Mn 3O 4 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and their antimicrobial and anticancer activity against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1196-202. [PMID: 33613047 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inexpensive and eco-friendly nature, and existence of manganese in various oxidation states and their natural abundance have attained significant attention for the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs). Herein, we report the preparation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles using manganese nitrate as a precursor material by utilization of a precipitation technique. The as-prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) were characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), High-Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The antimicrobial properties of the as-synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles were investigated against numerous bacterial and fungal strains including S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, A. flavus and C. albicans. The Mn3O4 NPs inhibited the growth of S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 μg/ml and C. albicans with a MIC of 15 μg/ml. Furthermore, the Mn3O4 NPs anti-cancer activity was examined using MTT essay against A549 lung and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The Mn3O4 NPs revealed significant activity against the examined cancer cell lines A549 and MCF-7. The IC50 values of Mn3O4 NPs with A549 cell line was found at concentration of 98 µg/mL and MCF-7 cell line was found at concentration of 25 µg/mL.
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Abstract
A new biflavonoids, (2R,2''R)-7-O-methyl-2,3,2'',3''-tetrahydrorobustaflavone (1), along with five known flavonoids (2-6) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Aster tataricus. Among them, compounds 1-2 were the C-3'-C-6'' type biflavonoids obtained from the genus Aster for the first time. The structures and absolute configurations of compound 1 was confirmed based on extensive spectroscopic and circular dichroism analyses. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against seven human cancer A549, HepG2, PC3, DU145, MCF-7, LOVO and NCI-H1975 cell lines. Compound 1 remarkably inhibited the proliferation of A549 cancer cells with IC50 value of 5.4 μM. Further preliminary pharmacological study, 1 induces A549 cell death by non-apoptotic forms through flow cytometry and cell scratch assay data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Health Vocational College, Tongren, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Hai-Jun Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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163
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Aksoy HN, Ceylan C. Comparison of the Effects of Statins on A549 Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line Lipids Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Rosuvastatin Stands Out. Lipids 2021; 56:289-299. [PMID: 33611813 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Statins are commonly prescribed antilipidemic and anticholesterol class of drugs. In addition to their major role, they have been found to have anticancer effects on in vitro, animal and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six different statins (rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin) on A549 cancer cells lipids by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Proliferation tests were carried out to detect the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50 ) of each statin on A549 cells. The IC50 values were 50 μM for simvastatin, 150 μM for atorvastatin and pravastatin, and 170 μM for fluvastatin, 200 μM for rosuvastatin and lovastatin on A549 cells. No correlation was found between the antiproliferative effects of the statins and lipid-lowering effect. The cells were treated with IC5 , IC10 , and IC50 values of each statins concentration and lipid extracts were compared using FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that different statins had different effects on the lipid content of A549 cells. The FTIR spectra of the lipid exctracts of statin-treated A549 cells indicated that the value of hydrocarbon chain length, unsaturation index, oxidative stress level, and phospholipid containing lipids increased except for rosuvastatin-treated A549 cells. In addition, rosuvastatin significantly lowered cholesterol ester levels. In conclusion, the contrasting effects of rosuvastatin should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Nurdan Aksoy
- Department of Biotechnology, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Ceylan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
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Konkoľová E, Hudáčová M, Hamuľaková S, Jendželovský R, Vargová J, Ševc J, Fedoročko P, Kožurková M. Tacrine-Coumarin Derivatives as Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Antitumor Effects on A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041133. [PMID: 33672694 PMCID: PMC7924348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines were treated with a series of new drugs with both tacrine and coumarin pharmacophores (derivatives 1a–2c) in order to test the compounds’ ability to inhibit both cancer cell growth and topoisomerase I and II activity. The ability of human topoisomerase I (hTOPI) and II to relax supercoiled plasmid DNA in the presence of various concentrations of the tacrine-coumarin hybrid molecules was studied with agarose gel electrophoresis. The biological activities of the derivatives were studied using MTT assays, clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis and quantification of cell number and viability. The content and localization of the derivatives in the cells were analysed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. All of the studied compounds were found to have inhibited topoisomerase I activity completely. The effect of the tacrine-coumarin hybrid compounds on cancer cells is likely to be dependent on the length of the chain between the tacrine and coumarin moieties (1c, 1d = tacrine-(CH2)8–9-coumarin). The most active of the tested compounds, derivatives 1c and 1d, both display longer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Konkoľová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo námestí 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Hudáčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vargová
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kožurková
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Sharma A, Upadhyay V, Sarkar M, Mishra M, Thacker G, Trivedi AK. Proteomic analysis of TGFβ-induced A549 secretome identifies putative regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:442-450. [PMID: 33559923 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Imparting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cellular transformation, a major driving force behind tumor progression, is one of the notorious oncogenic activities of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ); however, the secretary factors released during TGFβ-induced EMT that may have role in potentiating EMT and tumor progression are poorly known. This study was undertaken to identify such secreted protein factors from TGFβ-induced A549 cells cultured in serum-free chemically defined medium (FreestyleTM ) using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of flight/Time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. We identified some of the potential factors such as ESR, ANXA2, ALDH1A, TGFβ-induced protein ig-h3, and PAI-1 that were not only secreted but some were also elevated in TGFβ-induced A549 cells. Interestingly, these factors are widely reported to play crucial role in EMT induction and progression, which not only validates our findings but also opens avenues for further investigation, if upon secretion they act exogenously through certain receptors to potentiate cellular signaling involved in EMT induction and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vishal Upadhyay
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mukul Mishra
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CDRI, Lucknow, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
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166
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Sullivan DI, Jiang M, Hinchie AM, Roth MG, Bahudhanapati H, Nouraie M, Liu J, McDyer JF, Mallampalli RK, Zhang Y, Kass DJ, Finkel T, Alder JK. Transcriptional and Proteomic Characterization of Telomere-Induced Senescence in a Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:600626. [PMID: 33634147 PMCID: PMC7902064 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence due to telomere dysfunction has been hypothesized to play a role in age-associated diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It has been postulated that paracrine mediators originating from senescent alveolar epithelia signal to surrounding mesenchymal cells and contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, murine models of telomere-induced alveolar epithelial senescence fail to display the canonical senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is observed in senescent human cells. In an effort to understand human-specific responses to telomere dysfunction, we modeled telomere dysfunction-induced senescence in a human alveolar epithelial cell line. We hypothesized that this system would enable us to probe for differences in transcriptional and proteomic senescence pathways in vitro and to identify novel secreted protein (secretome) changes that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF. Following induction of telomere dysfunction, a robust senescence phenotype was observed. RNA-seq analysis of the senescent cells revealed the SASP and comparisons to previous murine data highlighted differences in response to telomere dysfunction. We conducted a proteomic analysis of the senescent cells using a novel biotin ligase capable of labeling secreted proteins. Candidate biomarkers selected from our transcriptional and secretome data were then evaluated in IPF and control patient plasma. Four novel proteins were found to be differentially expressed between the patient groups: stanniocalcin-1, contactin-1, tenascin C, and total inhibin. Our data show that human telomere-induced, alveolar epithelial senescence results in a transcriptional SASP that is distinct from that seen in analogous murine cells. Our findings suggest that studies in animal models should be carefully validated given the possibility of species-specific responses to telomere dysfunction. We also describe a pragmatic approach for the study of the consequences of telomere-induced alveolar epithelial cell senescence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mao Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Angela M. Hinchie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark G. Roth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Harinath Bahudhanapati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John F. McDyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Kass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Alder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Jonathan K. Alder
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167
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Pesi R, Allegrini S, Balestri F, Garcia-Gil M, Cividini F, Colombaioni L, Jordheim LP, Camici M, Tozzi MG. Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Is a Sensor of Energy Charge and Oxidative Stress: A Possible Function as Metabolic Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:182. [PMID: 33477638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) is a highly regulated enzyme involved in the maintenance of intracellular purine and the pyrimidine compound pool. It dephosphorylates mainly IMP and GMP but is also active on AMP. This enzyme is highly expressed in tumors, and its activity correlates with a high rate of proliferation. In this paper, we show that the recombinant purified NT5C2, in the presence of a physiological concentration of the inhibitor inorganic phosphate, is very sensitive to changes in the adenylate energy charge, especially from 0.4 to 0.9. The enzyme appears to be very sensitive to pro-oxidant conditions; in this regard, the possible involvement of a disulphide bridge (C175-C547) was investigated by using a C547A mutant NT5C2. Two cultured cell models were used to further assess the sensitivity of the enzyme to oxidative stress conditions. NT5C2, differently from other enzyme activities, was inactivated and not rescued by dithiothreitol in a astrocytoma cell line (ADF) incubated with hydrogen peroxide. The incubation of a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) with 2-deoxyglucose lowered the cell energy charge and impaired the interaction of NT5C2 with the ice protease-activating factor (IPAF), a protein involved in innate immunity and inflammation.
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168
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Musial C, Zaucha R, Kuban-Jankowska A, Konieczna L, Belka M, Marino Gammazza A, Baczek T, Cappello F, Wozniak M, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Plausible Role of Estrogens in Pathogenesis, Progression and Therapy of Lung Cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E648. [PMID: 33466597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as prevalent as breast cancer. Women might be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke than men. Furthermore, available data indicate a much more frequent mutation of the tumor suppressor gene-p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) female patients compared to males. Another important factor, however, might lie in the female sex hormones, whose mitogenic or carcinogenic effect is well known. Epidemiologic data show a correlation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), and increased mortality rates due to the increased incidence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Interestingly, two types of estrogen receptors have been detected in lung cancer cells: ERα and ERβ. The presence of ERα has been detected in tissues and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ is a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as biological, hormonal and genetic sex-related differences in this neoplasm.
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169
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Hałas-Wiśniewska M, Izdebska M, Zielińska W, Grzanka A. Downregulation of FHOD1 Inhibits Metastatic Potential in A549 Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:91-106. [PMID: 33447082 PMCID: PMC7802784 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s286239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metastasis remains a serious clinical problem in which epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is strictly involved. The change of cell phenotype is closely related to the dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Regarding the great interest in microfilaments, the manipulation of ABPs (actin-binding proteins) appears to be an interesting treatment strategy. Material The research material was the highly aggressive A549 cells with FHOD1 (F FH1/FH2 domain-containing protein 1) downregulation. The metastatic potential of the cells and the sensitivity to treatment with alkaloids (piperlongumine, sanguinarine) were analyzed. Results In comparison to A549 cells with naïve expression of FHOD1, those after manipulation were characterized by a reduced migratory potential. The obtained results were associated with microfilaments and vimentin reorganization induced by the manipulation of FHOD1 together with alkaloids treatment. The result was also an increase in the percentage of late apoptotic cells. Conclusion Downregulation of FHOD1 induced reorganization of microfilament network followed by the reduction in the metastatic potential of the A549 cells, as well as their sensitization to selected compounds. The presented results and the analysis of clinical data indicate the possibility of transferring research from the basic level to in vivo models in the context of manipulation of ABPs as a new therapeutic target in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hałas-Wiśniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-092, Poland
| | - Magdalena Izdebska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-092, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-092, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-092, Poland
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170
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Famojuro TI, Elufioye TO, Olajide OA, Dybek M, Adejare A. New cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Caesalpinia benthamiana (Baill.) Herend. & Zarucchi (Fabaceae). Avicenna J Phytomed 2021; 11:54-67. [PMID: 33628720 PMCID: PMC7885006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of multi-drug resistant cancer and the adverse effects associated with available chemotherapy have necessitated the search for new drug candidates. This study investigates the cytotoxic activity of Caesalpinia benthamiana. MATERIALS AND METHODS Column chromatography (CC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) were used to isolate compounds. Structural elucidation was done by spectroscopic analysis. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of the compounds against three human adenocarcinoma cells, using methotrexate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as positive and negative controls, respectively. CyQuant direct cell proliferation and caspase-3/7 green detection assays were used to investigate the dichloromethane fraction. IC50 values of isolated compounds were determined from sigmoidal dose-response curve. RESULTS Four new cytotoxic compounds, benthamianoate (2), benthamiacone (3), benthamianin (5) and benthamianol (6), and two known compounds, methyl gallate (1) and 2-methoxyacrylic acid (4) were identified. All the compounds were active with the new monoterpenoid characterized as benthamiacone exhibiting the highest activity (IC50 13.23-21.97 μg/ml) across cancer cell lines investigated. CyQuant direct cell proliferation assay showed significant reduction in the number of live carcinoma cells, while caspase-3/7 green detection assay showed significant increase in the number of dead carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION This study revealed potential cytotoxic compounds which are here reported for the first time from C. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo I. Famojuro
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England
| | - Taiwo O. Elufioye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Corresponding Author: Tel: +234 8033850773,
| | - Olumayokun A. Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England
| | - Michael Dybek
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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171
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Fayad C, Audi H, Khnayzer RS, Daher CF. The anti-cancer effect of series of strained photoactivatable Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes on non-small-cell lung cancer and triple negative breast cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 26:43-55. [PMID: 33221954 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have been recently reported as potential chemotherapeutic agents that offer tumor selectivity and low tumor resistance. This study investigates the photochemistry and the effect of four strained photoactivatable polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes on non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. All four ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2dmbpy]Cl2 (C1) where (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dmbpy = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), [Ru(phen)2dmbpy]Cl2 (C2) where (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [Ru(dpphen)2dmbpy]Cl2 (C3) (where dpphen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [Ru(BPS)2dmbpy]Na2 (C4) where (BPS = bathophenanthroline disulfonate) eject the dmbpy ligand upon activation by blue light. Determination of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) revealed that C3 was the only lipophilic complex (log P = 0.42). LC-MS/MS studies showed that C3 presented the highest cellular uptake. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes was evaluated with and without blue light activation using WST-1 kit. Data indicated that C3 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity after 72 h (MDA-MB-231, IC50 = 0.73 µM; A549, IC50 = 1.26 µM) of treatment. The phototoxicity indices of C3 were 6.56 and 4.64 for MDA-MB-230 and A549, respectively. Upon light activation, C3 caused significant ROS production and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells as shown by flow cytometry. It also significantly increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and PERK levels without affecting caspase-3 expression. C3 exhibited poor dark toxicity (IC50 = 74 μM) on rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In conclusion, the physical property of the complexes dictated by the variable ancillary ligands influenced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. C3 may be considered a promising selective photoactivatable chemotherapeutic agent that induces ROS production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Fayad
- Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hassib Audi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Costantine F Daher
- Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Manda K, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G. The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues. Med Oncol 2020; 37:115. [PMID: 33205219 PMCID: PMC7671986 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium selenite is often given to moderate the side effects of cancer therapy to enhance the cellular defence of non-cancerous cells. To determine whether sodium selenite during radiotherapy protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells, which would imply a reduction of the desired effect of irradiation on tumour during radiotherapy, the effect of the combined treatment of irradiation and sodium selenite was investigated. Human bronchial cells from carcinoma (A549) and normal tissue (BEAS-2B) were treated with sodium selenite and effects on growth and in combination with radiation on metabolic activity and cell cycle distribution were studied. The influence on radiosensitivity was determined via colony forming assays using different solvents of sodium selenite and treatment schedules. It was shown that sodium selenite inhibits growth and influences cell cycle distribution of both normal and tumour cells. Metabolic activity of normal cells decreased more rapidly compared to that of cancer cells. The influence of sodium selenite on radiation response depended on the different treatment schedules and was strongly affected by the solvent of the agent. It could be shown that the effect of sodium selenite on radiation response is strongly dependent on the respective experimental in vitro conditions and ranges from lead to an initially suspected but ultimately no real radioprotection to radiosensitizing up to no effect in one and the same cell line. This might be a reason for controversially described cell responses to radiation under the influence of sodium selenite in studies so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Kriesen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Zhou GZ, Guo SS, Liu DX, Zhang L, Sun GC. Antiproliferative effect and autophagy induction of curcumin derivative ZYX02-Na on the human lung cancer cells A549. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22592. [PMID: 33176062 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At present, a large number of curcumin derivatives had been produced and identified aiming to replace the curcumin in view of its low bioavailability and stability. Here, a novel curcumin derivative ZYX02-Na was first used to reduce the cell viability of human non-small cell lung cells A549, which was confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that ZYX02-Na could lead to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, which demonstrated that ZYX02-Na inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. Furthermore, the AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was activated in ZYX02-Na-treated A549 cells. Besides, wounding healing and transwell experiments showed that ZYX02-Na could also inhibited the migration ability of A549 cells. Moreover, we also found that ZYX02-Na could induce autophagy of A549 cells by acridine orange staining, GFP-LC3 subcellular localization observation and Western blotting analysis, respectively. In short, our current studies indicated that ZYX02-Na possessed the antiproliferation effect and autophagy induction on A549 cells, while in vivo anticancer study of ZYX02-Na needs to be done in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deng-Xu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang-Chun Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang N, Qiu F, Zhu F, Qi L. Therapeutic Potential of Zinc Oxide-Loaded Syringic Acid Against in vitro and in vivo Model of Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8249-8260. [PMID: 33149573 PMCID: PMC7602902 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer that leads to a high mortality rate amongst several cancer types and it is a widely recurrent cancer globally. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in the formulation of sun cream, food flavors, and colorings due to its varied biological properties. The extensive significance of nanoparticles encourages their production but the approaches are a common challenge in concluding the direct beneficial effect for the disease treatment. Hence, in the present study, zinc oxide-loaded syringic acid (ZnO-SYR) phytochemical was used to elucidate the therapeutic effect against lung cancer. Methods The ZnO-SYR nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and FT-IR analysis. The characterized ZnO-SYR was tested on in vivo mouse model of lung cancer (benzo(a)pyrene (BAP)) and in vitro A549 cells. Results The results demonstrated the significant restoration of body weight with attenuated serum marker enzymes compared to BAP-treated animals. In addition, cytokine estimation revealed ameliorated levels of TNF-α, interleukins, IL-6, IL-1β with evidenced histological observations in ZnO-SYR-treated mice compared to BAP-induced lung cancer mice. Discussion Furthermore, cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated the altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with a profound increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis mechanism by ZnO-SYR compared to control cells. The conclusions of the present study put forward an evident confirmation of the protective and beneficial effects of zincoxide-loaded syringic acid against the BAP-induced lung cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
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175
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Balan DJ, Rajavel T, Das M, Sathya S, Jeyakumar M, Devi KP. Thymol induces mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis via ROS generation, macromolecular damage and SOD diminution in A549 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:240-254. [PMID: 33095436 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol is a monoterpene phenol found in thyme species plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of thymol and its molecular mechanism on non-small lung cancer (A549) cells. METHODS The cytotoxic effect of thymol on A549 cells was assessed via MTT assay. ROS production, macromolecular damage, apoptosis were determined using DCF-DA, PI, AO/EtBr stains, respectively. ROS-dependent effect of thymol was confirmed using NAC. The expression of caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax and cell cycle profile was analyzed via western blot and FACS, respectively. RESULTS The antiproliferative effect of thymol on A549 cells was found to be both dose and time dependent with IC50 values of 112 μg/ml (745 μM) at 24 h. Thymol treatment favored apoptotic cell death and caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. It mediated cellular and nuclear morphological changes, phosphatidylserine translocation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Additionally, upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and apoptotic fragmented DNA were also observed. Thymol induced ROS by reducing the SOD level which was confirmed via in vitro and in silico analysis. Furthermore, the levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyl content were elevated in thymol-treated groups. Notably, N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment reversed the efficacy of thymol on A549 cells. Moreover, thymol-treated human PBMC cells did not show any significant cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Overall, our results confirmed that thymol can act as a safe and potent therapeutic agent to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Tamilselvam Rajavel
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Sethuraman Sathya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Mahalingam Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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176
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Wei W, Wang Y, Li M, Yang M. Water-soluble fraction of particulate matter <2.5 μm promoted lung epithelia cells apoptosis by regulating the expression of caveolin-1 and Krüppel-like factor 5. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:410-420. [PMID: 33090513 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been linked to morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Lung epithelial cells bear the brunt of PM2.5 exposure. In the present study, we found that exposure of A549 cells to the water-soluble fraction of PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5) promoted the expression and internalization of caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 knockdown restrained the endocytosis of WS-PM2.5. In addition, WS-PM2.5 accumulation in the cells induced the phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), as well as the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Inhibiting activation of AKT and NFκB also partly reduced WS-PM2.5 concentration in cells, but KLF5 knockdown did not affect the intracellular accumulation of WS-PM2.5. KLF5 knockdown suppressed cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) expression and activated caspase 3. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that KLF5 positively regulated the transcription of KLF5. These results suggested that caveolin-1 was required for the endocytosis of WS-PM2.5. Intracellular accumulation of WS-PM2.5 activated AKT and NFκB, which facilitated WS-PM2.5 endocytosis. WS-PM2.5 accumulation also induced KLF5 expression, increasing the transcriptional expression of CYP1A1, which contributed to activate caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Shandong provincial Eco-environment Monitoring Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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177
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Zheng W, Xu S. Analysis of Differential Expression Proteins of Paclitaxel-Treated Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell A549 Using Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10297-10313. [PMID: 33116610 PMCID: PMC7569177 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s259895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel is widely used in the treatment of cancer and has a good effect in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The combination of TMT proteomics and bioinformatics is used to systematically analyze the molecular mechanism of paclitaxel in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell, which is helpful to screen new therapeutic targets. Methods MTT assay was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on the proliferation of A549 cells. The proteins were identified by TMT quantitative proteomics and the differential expression proteins (DEPs) database was constructed. The DEPs were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway annotation. Based on the information in the STRING database, find the interaction between DEPs, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEPs were constructed and analyzed by using the Cytoscape software. According to the PPI network results, select the hub proteins from DEPs for WB verification. Results A total of 5449 proteins were identified in A549 by TMT proteomics. Compared with the control group, 281 DEPs were significantly up-regulated and 218 were significantly down-regulated after paclitaxel treatment. GO functional analysis, we found that the main functions of these DEPs are binding, catalytic activity, molecular function regulator and so on. They are mainly involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation and so on. KEGG analysis showed that the three most significant signal transduction pathways of DEPs enrichment were DNA replication, steroid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation. In PPI network, there are 294 nodes among which CDK1, MCM2-5 and PCNA are located at the center of proteins interaction. WB analysis confirmed that the expression of CDK1 was significantly down-regulated, consistent with the TMT results. Conclusion Paclitaxel significantly increased the expression of tubulin, binding tubulin to promote A549 cell death. In addition, paclitaxel significantly inhibited the expression of hub proteins, DNA replication and cell cycle pathways, thus killing lung adenocarcinoma cell A549. These findings will enhance the understanding of the mechanism of paclitaxel in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 and provide new valuable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Zheng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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178
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Yfanti P, Karkabounas A, Batistatou A, Tsapinou A, Leneti E, Manos G, Lekka ME. Study of potent cytotoxic activity of Helleborus cyclophyllus Boiss against a human adenocarcinoma cell line. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:10.1007/s10616-020-00425-4. [PMID: 33034799 PMCID: PMC7695778 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helleborus cyclophyllus Boiss is a rhizomatous plant species, with strong allelochemical properties, that has been used since ancient times for its therapeutic properties. In the present study we investigated the ability of an aqueous-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of H. cyclophyllus Boiss leaves, to induce apoptotic cell death on A549 human bronchial epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. A primary human lung fibroblasts' cell line was used as a model of normal-healthy cells for comparison. Cell morphology was examined after appropriate staining, cytotoxic activity of the extract was determined by the MTT assay, the type of cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry, confirmation of apoptosis was evaluated with the analysis of caspase-3, PARP1 by western blotting, while the chemical composition was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). H. cyclophyllus Boiss extract was selectively active on A549 cells inducing significant morphological changes, even at low concentrations. Characteristic morphological alterations included the release of vesicular formations from A549 cell membranes (ectosomes), detachment of cells from their substrate, generation of a large vesicle into the cytoplasm (thanatosome) and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The selective apoptotic action on treated cells was also confirmed by biochemical criteria. Low concentrations, however, did not affect normal cells. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of cardiac glucosides, bufadienolides and phytoecdysteroids. To the best of our knowledge, the above-mentioned sequences of events leading selectively cancer cells to apoptosis, has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Yfanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45.110 Ioannina, PC Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, PC 47.100, Arta, Greece
| | | | - Anna Batistatou
- School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45.110 Ioannina, PC Greece
| | - Alexia Tsapinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45.110 Ioannina, PC Greece
| | - Eleni Leneti
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, PC 47.100, Arta, Greece
| | - Georgios Manos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, PC 47.100, Arta, Greece
| | - Marilena E. Lekka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45.110 Ioannina, PC Greece
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179
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Murphy MB, Kumar P, Bradley AM, Barton CE, Deweese JE, Mercer SL. Synthesis and evaluation of etoposide and podophyllotoxin analogs against topoisomerase IIα and HCT-116 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115773. [PMID: 33035756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide is a widely-used anticancer agent that targets human type II topoisomerases. Evidence suggests that metabolism of etoposide in myeloid progenitor cells is associated with translocations involved in leukemia development. Previous studies suggest halogenation at the C-2' position of etoposide reduces metabolism. Halogens were introduced into the C-2' position by electrophilic aromatic halogenation onto etoposide (ETOP, 1), podophyllotoxin (PPT, 2), and 4-dimethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP, 3), and to bridge the gap of knowledge regarding the activity of these metabolically stable analogs. Five halogenated analogs (6-10) were synthesized. Analogs 8-10 displayed variable ability to inhibit DNA relaxation. Analog 9 was the only analog to show concentration-dependent enhancement of Top2-mediated DNA cleavage. Dose response assay results indicated that 8 and 10 were most effective at decreasing the viability of HCT-116 and A549 cancer cell lines in culture. Flow cytometry with 8 and 10 in HCT-116 cells provide evidence of sub-G1 cell populations indicative of apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate C-2' halogenation of etoposide and its precursors, although metabolically stable, decreases overall activity relative to etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Priyanka Kumar
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Amber M Bradley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Christopher E Barton
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Joseph E Deweese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Susan L Mercer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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180
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Chen M, Jiang W, Xiao C, Yang W, Qin Q, Mao A, Tan Q, Lian B, Wei C. Sodium Butyrate Combined with Docetaxel for the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Targeting Gli1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8861-8875. [PMID: 32982280 PMCID: PMC7501530 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s252323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed to investigate the combined treating efficacy of sodium butyrate and docetaxel on proliferation and apoptosis of the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line based on Gli1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods RNA interference method was used to overexpress Gli1 in A549 cells. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of sodium butyrate, docetaxel or both in combination. CCK-8, colony formation assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were employed to detect proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Gli1. In vivo tumorigenicity was detected by tumor transplantation in nude mice. Downstream protein levels of Gli1 were detected using Western blot assay. Results It was found that sodium butyrate or docetaxel alone, respectively, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo, while the combination of the two generated significantly higher responses, which were also effective in another lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299. Furthermore, the combined therapy had an additive effect in suppressing Gli1 expression and regulating the expression of its downstream proteins that involve in proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo, including decreased protein expression of Ki-67, CDK1, CDK2, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Survivin, and increased protein expression of Cyclin A, p21, Bax and cleaved-Caspase 3. On the other hand, Gli1 overexpression perceptibly reversed the above-mentioned additive effect in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the combined therapy of sodium butyrate and docetaxel additively inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via suppressing Gli1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Targeting Gli1 by the combined therapy may provide new insights into the therapeutic management of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixing Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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181
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Park JE, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park WY, Shim BS, Ko SG, Kim SH. Ribosomal protein L5 mediated inhibition of c-Myc is critically involved in sanggenon G induced apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1080-1088. [PMID: 32935429 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Though Sanggenon G (SanG) from root bark of Morus alba was known to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-depressant effects, its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein SanG reduced the viability of A549 and H1299 non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Also, SanG increased sub-G1 population via inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and Bcl-2, cleavages of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 cells. Of note, SanG effectively inhibited c-Myc expression by activating ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and reducing c-Myc stability even in the presence of cycloheximide and 20% serum in A549 cells. Furthermore, SanG enhanced the apoptotic effect with doxorubicin in A549 cells. Taken together, our results for the first time provide novel evidence that SanG suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and RPL5 mediated inhibition of c-Myc with combinational potential with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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182
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An Z, Zhao Z, Zhao L, Yue Q, Li K, Zhao B, Miao J, Su L. The novel HOCl fluorescent probe CAN induced A549 apoptosis by inhibiting chlorination activity of MPO. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127394. [PMID: 32717611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an important signaling molecule for cell survival. However, it has been reported that excessive HOCl contributes to a variety of diseases such as cancers. And in cancer cells, the level of HOCl is much higher than that in normal cells. Here a coumarin-based fluorescent probe 7-Diethylamino-3-(2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-chromen-2-one (CAN) was successfully developed for HOCl detection. The probe could be oxidized by HOCl to induce significant change in its fluorescence profile, which made it feasible for ratiometric detecting HOCl. CAN (below 1 µM) did not affect cell viability and had good capacity in ratiometric detection of HOCl in RAW 264.7 cells. CAN induced A549 apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. And CAN could decrease the chlorination activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in A549. These findings suggested that CAN (below 1 µM) would develop into a HOCl probe. High activity of MPO and level of HOCl might be helpful for A549 survival. A549 could be induced apoptosis by reducing the HOCl level by CAN. It implies a new anticancer strategy by targeting HOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250353, China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Junying Miao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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183
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Liao X, Tao L, Guo W, Wu ZX, Du H, Wang J, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen ZS, Lin L, Sun L. Combination of Cordycepin and Apatinib Synergistically Inhibits NSCLC Cells by Down-Regulating VEGF/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1732. [PMID: 33014856 PMCID: PMC7505117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The application of apatinib is immensely limited by its acquired drug resistance. This research investigates whether cordycepin, a component from Cordyceps could synergize with apatinib to improve its anticancer effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods The NSCLC cell lines A549, PC9, and H1993, and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line Bears-2B were used in this study. Cell counting kit 8, colony formation assays, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to assess the cell viability, the migration ability, and invasion ability of the cells. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), western blotting and molecular docking was applied to analyze the possible pathways affected by cordycepin. Results The combination of cordycepin and apatinib in a ratio of 5:1 synergistically reduced proliferation of NSCLC cells, inhibited cell migration and invasion, increased cell apoptosis by altering cell cycle in NSCLC A549 and PC9 cells. The VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibited after treatment with cordycepin and apatinib. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that the combination of cordycepin and apatinib has synergistically anticancer effect on NSCLC cells by down-regulating VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This result indicated that cordycepin and apatinib could be a promising drug combination against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanting Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Haiyan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanrui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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184
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Yang C, Wang Y, Bai JQ, Zhang JR, Hu PY, Zhu Y, Ouyang Q, Su HM, Li QY, Zhang P. Mechanism of transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 in the regulation of proliferation and migration of A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:159. [PMID: 32934727 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics analyses have shown that transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 (TMCO1) may be associated with lung adenocarcinoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, no current research has determined whether TMCO1 is involved in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. The present study aimed to identify the association between TMCO1 and lung adenocarcinoma. The present study demonstrated that the positive immunohistochemical staining of TMCO1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher compared with paracarcinoma tissues. Additionally, knockdown of TMCO1 was demonstrated to downregulate B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression levels and upregulate cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-3 and caspase-9 protein expression levels in A549 cells. These changes resulted in decreased apoptosis of A549 cells uponTMCO1 downregulation. In addition, knockdown of TMCO1 decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression levels. The expression of N-cadherin and vimentin also decreased. By contrast, the expression levels of E-cadherin protein increased. Knockdown of TMCO1 resulted in the inhibition of A549 cell migration. The results of the present study demonstrated that TMCO1 was associated with lung adenocarcinoma and that inhibition of TMCO1 expression levels negatively regulated the apoptosis and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Therefore, the present study suggests the potential for TMCO1 to be used in the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qi Bai
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Su
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
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185
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Christopher Jeyaseelan S, Milton Franklin Benial A. Spectroscopic characterization, DFT studies, molecular docking and cytotoxic evaluation of 4-nitro-indole-3-carboxaldehyde: A potent lung cancer agent. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2872. [PMID: 32815220 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 4-nitro-1H-indole-carboxaldehyde (NICA) molecule was characterized experimentally using FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Vis spectra, and it was studied theoretically using DFT calculations. The optimized structure of the NICA molecule was determined by DFT calculations using B3LYP functional with cc-pVTZ basis set. The electron localization function (ELF) and local orbital localizer (LOL) studies were performed to visualize the electron delocalization in the molecule. The experimental and theoretical wavenumbers of the title molecule were assigned using VEDA 4.0 program. The charge delocalization and stability of the title molecule were investigated using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and related molecular properties were calculated. UV-Vis spectrum was calculated theoretically and validated experimentally. The reactive sites of the molecule were studied from the MEP surface and Fukui function analysis. The molecular docking analysis reveals that the NICA ligand shows better inhibitory activity against RAS, which causes lung cancer. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the molecule against human lung cancer cell lines (A549) was determined by MTT assay. Thus, the NICA molecule can be used as a potential candidate for the development of the drug against lung cancer.
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186
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Okamoto K, Saito Y, Narumi K, Furugen A, Iseki K, Kobayashi M. Different mechanisms of cisplatin resistance development in human lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:745-750. [PMID: 32782152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a highly potent and important anticancer drug in lung cancer treatment. Long-term use of an anticancer agent causes resistance in cancer cells, and CDDP resistance involves multiple mechanisms. As the mechanism of resistance development differs depending on the cancer cell types, we aimed to evaluate the detailed mechanism of resistance to CDDP in two types of lung cancer cells: SBC-3 and A549 cells. The CDDP-resistant SBC-3/DDP and A549/DDP cells were established through continuous treatment with a gradually increasing dose of CDDP. The viability of SBC-3/DDP and A549/DDP cells treated with CDDP was 3.68 and 2.08 times higher than that of the respective parental cells. Moreover, SBC-3/DDP cells showed significantly increased cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) mRNA level, and A549/DDP cells showed markedly increased sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) mRNA level. Moreover, the uptake of cystine, a substrate of xCT, was higher in SBC-3/DDP cells than in SBC-3 cells, and cystine uptake in A549/DDP cells was not different from that in A549 cells. In addition, co-treatment with CDDP and sulfasalazine, an xCT inhibitor, showed lower the concentration of 50% inhibition for cell viability than CDDP alone in SBC-3 and SBC-3/DDP cells, but not in A549 and A549/DDP cells. Furthermore, SBC-3 cells transiently overexpressing xCT were resistant to CDDP, and xCT knockdown in A549/DDP cells did not significantly change the level of SOX2 mRNA and viability of cells upon CDDP treatment. In conclusion, the two lung cancer cell lines showed different mechanisms of resistance to CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14-jo, Nishi-5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Fang H, Ji H. Furanocoumarin A: A Novel Anticancer Agent on Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells from Fructus liquidambaris. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2091-2096. [PMID: 31782355 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191010102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The fruit of Fructus liquidambaris, which is recently being used for cancer treatment, has a history to be used as a traditional medicine in China for thousands of years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten kg of dried F. liquidambaris was obtained with 70% alcohol-water solution under reflux for three times. The condensed extract was obtained from petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and N-butyl alcohol, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract was subjected to silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and RP-HPLC column chromatography to yield a new compound (1). The structure was identified through intensive analysis of NMR and MS spectra. The antitumor mechanism of the furanocoumarin A on human lung cancer A549 cells was confirmed by detecting the apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS Furanocoumarin A (1), a novel furanocoumarin constituent was isolated and identified from F. Liquidambaris. The IC50 value of furanocoumarin A on A549 cell lines was 65.28±5.36µM obtained by the method of MTT. The compound could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells by inducing 21.5% early apoptosis and 32.4% late apoptosis at the concentration of 60µmol/L. Western blot analysis indicated that protein expressions of p53, caspase 3 and Bax increased in a dose-dependent manner between the concentrations from 40 to 80µM. The protein expression of Bcl-2 decreased the concentration of 60 and 80µM. The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was inversely proportional to the dose concentration. CONCLUSION Furanocoumarin A could be a novel anticancer agent from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongmei Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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188
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Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by hot water extract in room conditions using edible Morchella esculenta (ME) and investigate the bioactive properties of the synthesized Morchella esculenta-based gold nanoparticles (ME-AuNPs). The characterization of the biologically synthesized ME-AuNPs was made using the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray crystallography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum methods. The ME-AuNPs, with a particle size of 16.51 nm, were found to have strong bioactive properties. The antioxidant activity of the ME-AuNPs attempted by metal chelating activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and the β-carotene linoleate model system. The activities at 10 mg/mL were 82, 85, and 77% for the chelation of ferrous ions, DPPH scavenging, and β-carotene linoleate tests, respectively. The ME-AuNPs also showed strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogen microorganisms and strong cytotoxic activity in the A549 and HepG2 cell lines. This study demonstrated the possibility of using a cheap and nontoxic fungal extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of size-controlled, large-scale, and biocompatible AuNPs that could be used in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Acay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
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189
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Meneses-Sagrero SE, Rascón-Valenzuela LA, Sotelo-Mundo R, Vilegas W, Velazquez C, García-Ramos JC, Robles-Zepeda RE. Antiproliferative activity of cardenolides on cell line A549: structure-activity relationship analysis. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2289-305. [PMID: 32627094 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning, natural products have represented an important source of bioactive molecules for cancer treatment. Among them, cardenolides attract the attention of different research groups due to their cardiotonic and antitumor activity. The observed biological activity is closely related to their Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition potency. Currently, the discovery of new compounds against cancer is an urgent need in modern pharmaceutical research. Thus, the aim of this work is to determine the physicochemical properties and substituent effects that module the antiproliferative activity of cardenolides on the human lung cancer cell line A549. We build and curate a library with results obtained from literature; molecular descriptors were calculated in PaDEL software, and SAR/QSAR analysis was performed. The SAR results showed that cardenolides were sensitive to modifications in C and D steroidal ring and required substituent groups with the function of hydrogen bond acceptor at the C3 position. QSAR models to doubly linked-type cardenolides indicated that properties as lipoaffinity and atoms with the capacity to be hydrogen bond acceptors are involved in the increment of antiproliferative activity on A549 cell line. In contrast, the presence and position of very electro-negative atoms on the molecule decreased the antiproliferative effect on A549 cells. These results suggest that the antiproliferative capacity of cardenolides on the cell line A549 is strongly related to substituent groups on the C3 position, which must not be carbohydrate. Additionally, the steroidal rings C and D must remain without modifications.
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190
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Dera AA, Rajagopalan P, Al Fayi M, Ahmed I, Chandramoorthy HC. Indirubin-3-monoxime and thymoquinone exhibit synergistic efficacy as therapeutic combination in in-vitro and in-vivo models of Lung cancer. Arch Pharm Res. 2020;43:655-665. [PMID: 32588331 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the combination of indirubin-3-monoxime (I3M) and thymoquinone (Tq) to have excellent therapeutic efficacy in models of Lung cancer (LC). Preliminary screening was done with A549 cells. Cell cycle, apoptosis and NFκB phosphorylation were determined by flow cytometry, while apoptotic proteins, Akt and mTOR were assessed by western blotting. Mouse xenograft model was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy in-vivo. Synergistic reduction in cell viability was observed with I3M + Tq combinations, which were non-toxic to normal HFL-1 cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated G1 phase reduction with subsequent accumulation of sub G0 contents. Annexin V assay revealed higher apoptotic cells with combinations compared to individual treatments with a decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The combinations exhibited anti-metastasis activity in cell migration in the scratch, scatter and tumour cell migration assays and effectively reduced the tumour growth in mouse xenograft model. Expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, Caspase-3, p-53 and NFκB were significantly reduced in the combination treated mice compared to individual treatments. Results of current study demonstrate clear efficacy of I3M + Tq combinations in LC models mediated by suppressing Akt/mTOR/NFκB signalling. Further research is recommended to transform these findings into novel therapeutic combinations against LC.
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191
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Figliuzzi M, Tironi M, Longaretti L, Mancini A, Teoldi F, Sangalli F, Remuzzi A. Copper-dependent biological effects of particulate matter produced by brake systems on lung alveolar cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2965-2979. [PMID: 32577786 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate emissions into the environment and has an increasing, negative impact on the release of potentially dangerous materials. Vehicle brakes release a significant amount of wear particles, and knowledge regarding their possible adverse effects is limited. One of the most dangerous elements contained in brake pads is copper (Cu), known to be toxic for human health. Therefore, our aim was to study the cell toxicity of particulate matter (PM) produced by different combinations of braking discs and pads containing different amounts of Cu. We investigated whether brake-derived microparticles have toxic effects on lung cells proportionally to their Cu content. Analyte content was measured in friction materials by XRFS and in PM2.5 captured during braking tests using SEM/EDX. The biological impact of brake-derived PM2.5 was investigated on a human epithelial alveolar cell line (A549). Cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and the pro-inflammatory response of the cells, as well as gene expression, were assessed following exposure to increasing PM2.5 concentrations (1, 10, 100, 200, and 500 µg/ml). The brake debris with the lowest Cu content did not induce significant changes in biological effects on A549 cells compared to normal controls, except for ROS production and IL6 gene expression. PM2.5 containing higher Cu quantities induced cell toxicity that correlated with Cu concentration. Our data suggest that the toxicity of PM2.5 from the brake system is mainly related to Cu content, thus confirming that eliminating Cu from brake pads will be beneficial for human health in urbanized environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mancini
- Laboratorio Materiali Advanced R&D Brembo S.P.A, Viale Europa, 2, Stezzano, BG, Italy
| | - Federico Teoldi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sangalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, Dalmine, BG, Italy
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Yu X, Wu H, Hu H, Dong Z, Dang Y, Qi Q, Wang Y, Du S, Lu Y. Zein nanoparticles as nontoxic delivery system for maytansine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:100-109. [PMID: 31870183 PMCID: PMC6968508 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Maytansine (DM1) is a potent anticancer drug and limited in clinical application due to its poor water solubility and toxic side effects. Zein is widely used in nano drug delivery systems due to its good biocompatibility. In this study, we prepared DM1-loaded zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) to achieve tumor targeting and reduce toxic side effects of DM1. Methods: ZNPs were prepared by phase separation and Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the formulation. Then, confocal fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to determine cellular uptake of ZNPs. A549 cells were cultured in vitro to study cytotoxicity and used to establish tumor xenografts in nude mice. Biodistribution and antitumor activity of ZNPs were performed in vivo experiments. In addition, we also performed histological and immunohistochemical examinations on tumors and viscera. Results: The optimal prescription was obtained by using 120 μL zein added to 2 mL water under stirring in 300 rpm. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 82.97 ± 0.80% and 3.32 ± 0.03%, respectively. We found that DM1-loaded ZNPs have a strong inhibitory effect on A549 cells, which stemmed from the ability of ZNPs to enhance cellular uptake. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DM1-loaded ZNPs exhibits a better antitumor efficacy than DM1, which tumor inhibition rate were 97.3% and 92.7%, respectively. The biodistribution revealed that ZNPs could targeted to tumor. Finally, we confirmed by histological that DM1-loaded ZNPs are nontoxic. Conclusion: DM1-loaded ZNPs have considerable antitumor activity. Thus, DM1-loaded ZNPs are a promising treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huichao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunni Dang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Ma X, Li Y, Yan W, Zheng Q, Li L, Yan Y, Liu X, Zheng J. Dexamethasone Upregulates the Expression of Aquaporin4 by Increasing SUMOylation in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2020; 43:1925-35. [PMID: 32495129 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone can alleviate the severity of bronchial and alveolar edema and therefore is widely applied in the treatment of various exudative diseases including pulmonary edema. However, the effectiveness of dexamethasone is still being questioned and its mechanism is not fully understood. Aquaporins (AQPs) are mainly responsible for the transmembrane transport of water, which is tightly associated with pulmonary edema. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are considered to play a protective role in some pathological conditions. In this study, we demonstrated that dexamethasone can upregulate the expression of AQPs in A549 cells by inducing SUMOylation. We found that a low dose of dexamethasone significantly upregulated the levels of SUMOylation and AQP expression in A549 cells, accompanied by a translocation of SUMOs from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We also explored the possible relation between SUMOylation and AQPs. Knockdown of SUMO2/3 by RNA interference decreased the level of AQP4 in A549 cells after dexamethasone stimulation. Together, our findings demonstrated that AQP4 expression was upregulated in A549 cells exposed to dexamethasone, and SUMOylation may participate in the regulation of AQP4.
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194
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Saleh F, Harb A, Soudani N, Zaraket H. A three-dimensional A549 cell culture model to study respiratory syncytial virus infections. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1142-1147. [PMID: 32360024 PMCID: PMC7190299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting infants, young children, and immune-compromised patients; however, currently no vaccine is available for prevention of RSV infections. The overwhelming majority of our knowledge of how RSV causes infection is based upon studies that have been carried out using traditional 2D methods, with cells cultured on flat plastic dishes. Although these simplified culture systems are essential to gain an insight into the fundamentals of host-pathogen interactions, cells in 2D are not exposed to the same conditions as cells in 3D tissues in the body and are therefore a poor representation of thein vivo microenvironment. In this study, we aim to develop the first 3D culture model for RSV infection using A549 cells to test its utility for RSV pathogenesis. METHODS To generate spheroids, A549 cells were cultured using ultra-low attachment plates to generate 25 × 103 cell spheroids. The viability of the spheroids was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry showing prominent live cells throughout the spheroids confirming high viability over seven days of incubation. RESULTS Immunostaining of A549 spheroids inoculated with RSV, showed time-dependent dissemination of the viral antigen RSV-F within the spheroid, resulting in syncytia formation and a 3-fold increase in mucin secretion compared to the uninfected cells. Additionally, RSV successfully replicated in the spheroids producing infectious virus as early as day one post-inoculation and was sustained for up to 7 days post-inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Results show that A549 spheroids are susceptible and permissive for RSV since they exhibit the characteristics of RSV infection including syncytia formation and mucin overexpression, suggesting that A549 spheroids can be used a promising model for studying RSV in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
| | - Aya Harb
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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195
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Papp H, Zeghbib S, Földes F, Banfai K, Madai M, Kemenesi G, Urbán P, Kvell K, Jakab F. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection triggers the upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor genes. Virus Genes 2020; 56:508-14. [PMID: 32335793 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic agent. Thus far, vaccines and specific antiviral therapies are not available against the threat of infection. Our knowledge regarding its pathogenesis is indeed limited, and thus, developing effective antiviral therapies is hampered. Several studies have demonstrated that the CCHFV infection has an impact on numerous signal transduction pathways. In parallel, the Wnt signaling pathway components are responsible for different important biological processes including cell fate determination, cell migration and cell polarity. Moreover, its implication among several virus infections has been proven, yet little is known in reference to which components of the Wnt pathway are being activated/inhibited as a response to the infection. Our aim was to elicit the influence of the CCHFV infection on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells in vitro regarding the Wnt signaling pathway-related genes. Gene-expression changes of 92 Wnt-associated genes were examined 48 h post-infection. Furthermore, β-catenin levels were compared in the infected and uninfected cells. Significant changes were observed in the case of 13 genes. The majority of the upregulated genes are associated with the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Additionally, infected cells expressed less β-catenin. Our findings suggest that CCHFV blocks the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study corroborates the link between CCHFV infection and the Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, it broadens our knowledge in the CCHFV pathomechanism.
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196
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Hadisaputri YE, Cahyana N, Muchtaridi M, Lesmana R, Rusdiana T, Chaerunisa AY, Sufiawati I, Rostinawati T, Subarnas A. Apoptosis-mediated antiproliferation of A549 lung cancer cells mediated by Eugenia aquea leaf compound 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone and its molecular interaction with caspase receptor in molecular docking simulation. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3551-3557. [PMID: 32269629 PMCID: PMC7115064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (ChalcEA) isolated from the leaves of Eugenia aquea was reported to inhibit proliferation of the breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell line and to promote apoptosis via activation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase protein. The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ChalcEA on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, and to examine the ability of ChalcEA to induce apoptosis through activation of the caspase cascade signaling pathway in a western blotting assay. The results revealed that ChalcEA inhibited proliferation of the A549 lung cancer cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 25.36 and 19.60 µM for 24 and 48 h treatments, respectively. Western blot analysis indicated that ChalcEA exerted its anti-proliferative effects by promoting apoptosis via the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Based on in silico results, ChalcEA with the binding energy of -6.53 kcal/mol could compete better than 4-methyl benzenesulfonamide (-6.43 kcal/mol) as an inhibitor of caspase-3 (PDB: 2XYG). ChalcEA has potential since it has three hydrophobic features. These results provided a basis for further study of ChalcEA as an active compound for anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Laboratorium Central, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Noni Cahyana
- Division of Biological Activity, Laboratorium Central, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Division of Biological Activity, Laboratorium Central, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irna Sufiawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tina Rostinawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anas Subarnas
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Pang C, Zhang X, Huang M, Xie G, Liu S, Ye X, Zhang X. Dendrobium officinalis inhibited tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2683-2691. [PMID: 35117627 PMCID: PMC8797906 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most common and lethal tumor in the world, and the number of patients who die from lung cancer is growing steadily. Because of conventional chemotherapy drugs’ poor tumor selectivity, side effects are significant. Conducting relevant studies and developing highly efficient and low toxicity anti-cancer drugs are urgently needed. Dendrobium officinale, which belongs to Orchidaceae aerophyte, has the characteristic of slow growth and lower natural propagation rate. In China, Dendrobium officinale has a very high value and is often referred to as the “gold of herbs”. According to reports in the literature, the active ingredients of Dendrobium officinale have anticancer activity and inhibit neovascularization’s potential. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Dendrobium officinale in A549 lung cancer cells and its potential involvement in slowing tumor growth. Methods We cultured A549 cells and established a cancer xenograft model in nude mice. Infused stomach with Dendrobium officinale was applied to the nude mouse model. Tumor volume and body weight were recorded. Results The results show that, compared with the negative control group, the gross tumor volume (GTV) of treatment groups decreased (all P<0.05), while the effect of the high concentration of the Dendrobium officinale was more significant than that found in the medium and low group. We believe that Dendrobium officinale exhibits a promising antitumor effect in the nude mouse tumor model. The best treatment concentrations for the nude mouse tumor model were achieved when treatment with the drug began about 7–15 days, and was more significant in high concentrations. Conclusions Dendrobium officinale has potent effects of inhibiting tumor on the nude mouse tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Guangyuan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xingjiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
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198
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Wang Y, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Steines BR, Jing X, Salem AK, Thorne PS. Comparison of in vitro toxicity of aerosolized engineered nanomaterials using air-liquid interface mono-culture and co-culture models. NanoImpact 2020; 18:100215. [PMID: 32885098 PMCID: PMC7462419 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Airborne engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can readily enter the human body through inhalation potentially leading to adverse health effects such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Our group has previously utilized and validated an integrated low flow system capable of generating and depositing airborne ENMs directly onto cells at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To further improve this ALI method for an even closer representation of the in vivo system, a co-culture model containing epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cell lines (A549, EA.hy 926, and THP-1 differentiated macrophages) was established and validated for testing ENMs toxicity. In the co-culture model, cells were exposed to citrate-capped gold (Au), 15% silver on silica (Ag-SiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) ENMs under the same protocol (4 h ALI exposure with a target concentration of 3.5 mg/m3) and compared to responses with A549 cells only or THP-1 differentiated cells only. The toxicological profile was assessed by measuring cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and interleukin (IL)-8 concentration. Results showed that 15% Ag-SiO2 induced more oxidative stress-related toxicity in the co-culture than in A549 cells alone. Both 15% Ag-SiO2 and CuO exposure produced significantly higher levels of IL-8 in the co-culture compared with A549 cells alone. Citrate-capped Au was largely inert. Further exposures of CuO on macrophages alone provided evidence of cell-cell interaction in the co-culture model. In addition, the co-culture model exhibited a similar response to primary human bronchial epithelial cells in terms of ROS and IL-8 responses after CuO exposure, suggesting a more advanced refinement of the conventional model for in vitro inhalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Wang
- Human Toxicology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin R. Steines
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xuefang Jing
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Peter S. Thorne
- Human Toxicology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Wu W, Zhang W, Tian L, Brown BR, Walters MS, Metcalf JP. IRF7 Is Required for the Second Phase Interferon Induction during Influenza Virus Infection in Human Lung Epithelia. Viruses 2020; 12:E377. [PMID: 32235406 DOI: 10.3390/v12040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Retinoic acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I) plays an important role in the recognition of IAV in most cell types, and leads to the activation of interferon (IFN). We investigated mechanisms of RIG-I and IFN induction by IAV in the BCi-NS1.1 immortalized human airway basal cell line and in the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line. We found that the basal expression levels of RIG-I and regulatory transcription factor (IRF) 7 were very low in BCi-NS1.1 cells. IAV infection induced robust RIG-I and IRF7, not IRF3, expression. siRNA against IRF7 and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), but not IRF3, significantly inhibited RIG-I mRNA expression and IFN induction by IAV infection. Most importantly, even without virus infection, IFN-β alone induced RIG-I, and siRNA against IRF7 did not inhibit RIG-I induction by IFN-β. Similar results were found in the alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line. RIG-I and IRF7 expression in humans is highly inducible and greatly amplified by IFN produced from virus infected cells. IFN induction can be separated into two phases, that initially induced by the virus with basal RIG-I (the first phase), and that induced by the subsequent virus with amplified RIG-I from the first phase IFN (the second phase). The de novo synthesis of IRF7 is required for the second phase IFN induction during influenza virus infection in human lung bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells.
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Shi L, Tu YJ, Ye SQ, Xia Y, Ma CZ, Peng XZ, Liu YW, Ai ZZ, You PT. A Potential Anti-cancer Compound Separated from the Chloroform Extract of the Chinese Medicine Formula Shenqi San. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:138-44. [PMID: 32166676 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined anti-cancer compounds present in the chloroform extract of the Chinese medicine formula Shenqi San (CE-SS). Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate the compounds from CE-SS. The structural formulas of the separated compounds were determined using 1D 1H and 13C experiments as well as high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). The corresponding results were compared with the reported literature data. A total of six compounds were separated and their structures were identified on the basis of corresponding spectroscopic and physico-chemical properties. They were Saikogenin F (I), Prosaikogenin D (II), Prosaikogenin F (III), β-sitosterol (IV), 3β,16β,23-trihydroxy-13,28-epoxyurs-11-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (V), and methyl ursolic acid (VI). The separated compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory ability against the proliferation of A549 cells via MTT assay. Apoptosis was investigated using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-associated proteins were examined by Western blotting. All the compounds were observed to have inhibitory activities against the proliferation of A549 cells to different degrees. Flow cytometry showed that compound V increased the proportion of apoptotic A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting showed that compound V increased the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. These results indicated that compound V featured a significant inhibitory effect on A549 cells when compared with other compounds, and it may be considered a potential drug against cancers.
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