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Seo JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Cho AR, Koo J, Shim BS, Kim B, Kim SH. Honokiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatic fibrosis via activation of Ecadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β-catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4092-4101. [PMID: 37253375 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Though Honokiol was known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti-viral, metabolic, antithrombotic, and neurotrophic activities, the underlying mechanisms of Honokiol on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated liver fibrosis still remain elusive so far. Anti-EMT and antifibrotic effects of Honokiol were explored in murine AML-12 hepatocyte cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, Western blotting and also in CCl4-induced liver injury mouse model by immunohistochemistry. Honokiol significantly suppressed transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT and migration of AML-12 cells along with decreased EMT phenotypes such as loss of cell adhesion and formation of fibroblast like mesenchymal cells in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Consistently, Honokiol suppressed the expression of Snail and transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), but not p-Smad3, and activated E-cadherin in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Additionally, Honokiol reduced the expression of β-catenin, p-AKT, p-ERK, p-p38 and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and JNK in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells via TGF-β1/nonSmad pathway. Conversely, GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 reversed the ability of Honokiol to reduce Snail, β-catenin and migration and activate E-cadherin in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Also, Honokiol suppressed hepatic steatosis and necrosis by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in liver tissues of CCl4 treated mice. These findings provide scientific evidence that Honokiol suppresses EMT and hepatic fibrosis via activation of E-cadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β-catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwa Seo
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsuk Koo
- Division of Horticulture & Medicinal Plant, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Park JE, Ahn CH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park SY, Kim B, Shim BS, Lee DY, Kim SH. Antioxidant-Based Preventive Effect of Phytochemicals on Anticancer Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1101-1121. [PMID: 36242510 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or hepatotoxicity has been a hot issue to overcome on the safety and physiological function of the liver, since it is known to have biochemical, cellular, immunological, and molecular alterations in the liver mainly induced by alcohol, chemicals, drugs, heavy metals, and genetic factors. Recently efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies by some phytochemicals are of interest, targeting oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Recent Advances: To assess DILI, the variety of in vitro and in vivo animal models has been developed mainly by using carbon tetrachloride, d-galactosamine, acetaminophen, and lipopolysaccharide. Also, the mechanisms on hepatotoxicity by several drugs and herbs have been explored in detail. Recent studies reveal that antioxidants including vitamins and some phytochemicals were reported to prevent against DILI. Critical Issues: Antioxidant therapy with some phytochemicals is noteworthy, since oxidative stress is critically involved in DILI via production of chemically reactive oxygen species or metabolites, impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain, and induction of redox cycling. Future Directions: For efficient antioxidant therapy, DILI susceptibility, Human Leukocyte Antigen genetic factors, biomarkers, and pathogenesis implicated in hepatotoxicity should be further explored in association with oxidative stress-mediated signaling, while more randomized preclinical and clinical trials are required with optimal safe doses of drugs and/or phytochemicals alone or in combination for efficient clinical practice along with the development of advanced DILI diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Shin WC, Lee HJ, Yoon D, Sim DY, Ahn CH, Park SY, Shim BS, Park SJ, Kim KS, Park GD, Kim SH, Lee DY. SH-PRO extract alleviates benign prostatic hyperplasia via ROS-mediated activation of PARP/caspase 3 and inhibition of FOXO3a/AR/PSA signaling in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2023; 37:452-463. [PMID: 36122906 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To target benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as a common urinary disease in old men, in the current study, the antiproliferative and apoptotic mechanism of SH-PRO, a mixture of Angelica gigas and Astragalus membranaceus (2:1), was evaluated in BPH-1 cells and rats with testosterone-induced BPH. Herein, SH-PRO significantly reduced the viability of BPH-1 cells and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated RWPE-1 cells. Also, SH-PRO increased the sub-G1 population in BPH-1 cells and consistently attenuated the expression of pro-PARP, pro-caspase 3, Bcl2, FOXO3a, androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in BPH-1 cells and DHT-treated RWPE-1 cells. Of note, SH-PRO generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BPH-1 cells, while ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) disturbed the ability of SH-PRO to reduce the expression of pro-PARP, FOXO3a, catalase, SOD, and increase sub-G1 population in BPH-1 cells. Furthermore, oral treatment of SH-PRO significantly abrogated the weight of the prostate in testosterone-treated rats compared to BPH control with the reduced expression of AR, PSA, and DHT and lower plasma levels of DTH, bFGF, and EGF with no toxicity. Overall, these findings highlight the antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of SH-PRO via ROS-mediated activation of PARP and caspase 3 and inhibition of FOXO3a/AR/PSA signaling as a potent anti-BPH candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Cheol Shin
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Suheung Research Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
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Suh JY, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Shin N, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Hypolipogenic effects of Icariside E4 via phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells. Phytother Res 2023; 37:7-14. [PMID: 35916211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Though icariside E4 (IE4) is known to have anti-noceptive, anti-oxidant, anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory effects, there was no evidence on the effect of IE4 on lipid metabolism so far. Hence, the hypolipogenic mechanism of IE4 was investigated in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) in association with MID1 Interacting Protein 1(MID1IP1) and AMPK signaling. Here, IE4 did not show any toxicity in HepG2 cells, but reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by Oil Red O staining. MID1IP1 depletion decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase (FASN) and induced phosphorylation of ACC in HepG2 cells. Indeed, IE4 activated phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and inhibited the expression of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, IE4 suppressed the expression of SREBP-1c, liver X receptor-α (LXR), and FASN for de novo lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed the ability of IE4 to reduce MID1IP1, SREBP-1c, and FASN and activate phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC in HepG2 cells, indicating the important role of AMPK/ACC signaling in IE4-induced hypolipogenic effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that IE4 has hypolipogenic potential in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 as a potent candidate for treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Suh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Yoon JS, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park JE, Park WY, Koo JI, Shim BS, Kim SH. Moracin D induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via activation of PPAR gamma/PKC delta and inhibition of PKC alpha. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6944-6953. [PMID: 34709688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, apoptotic mechanism of Moracin D was explored in prostate cancer cells in association with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ)-related signaling involved in lipid metabolism. Moracin D augmented cytotoxicity and sub G1 population in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, while DU145 cells were more susceptible to Moracin D than PC3 cells. Moracin D attenuated the expression of caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in DU145 cells. Consistently, Moracin D significantly augmented the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in DU145 cells. Interestingly, Moracin D activated PPAR-γ and phospho-protein kinase C delta (p-PKC-δ) and inhibited phospho-protein kinase C alpha (p-PKC-α) in DU145 cells. Furthermore, STRING bioinformatic analysis reveals that PPAR-γ interacts with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that binds to PKC-α/PKC-δ or protein kinase B (AKT) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Indeed, Moracin D decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, and AKT in DU145 cells. Conversely, PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 reduced the apoptotic ability of Moracin D to activate caspase 3 and PARP in DU145 cells. Taken together, these findings provide a novel insight that activation of PPAR-γ/p-PKC-δ and inhibition of p-PKC-α are critically involved in Moracin D-induced apoptosis in DU145 prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Yoon
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Il Koo
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Im E, Sim DY, Lee HJ, Park JE, Park WY, Ko S, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Immune functions as a ligand or a receptor, cancer prognosis potential, clinical implication of VISTA in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1066-1075. [PMID: 34428551 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 limited efficacy to the patients due to resistance during the current decade, novel target is required for customized treatment due to tumor heterogeneity. V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a programmed death protein-1(PD-1) homolog expressed on T cells and on antigen presenting cells(APC), has emerged as a new target in several cancers. Though VISTA inhibitors including CA-170 are considered attractive in cancer immunotherapy to date, the information on VISTA as a potent biomarker of cancer prognosis and its combination therapy is still lacking to date. Thus, in this review, we discussed extracellular domain, ligands, expression, immune functions and clinical implications of VISTA and finally suggested conclusion and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Im
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongGyu Ko
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Han HG, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park JE, Park WY, Kim SY, Khil JH, Shim BS, Kim SH. Suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4547-4554. [PMID: 34132431 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the pivotal roles of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK1) and NF-kB related signalings known as prognostic biomarkers in cervical cancers were explored in the antitumor effect of a ginseng saponin metabolite compound K (CK) in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells. CK exerted significant cytotoxicity, induced sub-G1 accumulation, and attenuated the expression of proPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and Pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (pro-caspase3) in HeLa cells more than in SiHa cells. CK inhibited phosphorylation of SGK1 and its upstream genes, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) in HeLa cells. In addition, CK suppressed the phosphorylation of SGK1, NF-κB, and inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) and also NF-κB target genes such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in HeLa cells. Notably, Immunoprecipitation revealed that SGK1 binds to PI3K or PDK1 and also CK disturbed the binding between SGK1 and PI3K or PDK1 in HeLa cells. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 decreased expression of PI3K, p-PDK1, p-SGK1, and pro-caspase3 and SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 also reduced expression of NF-κB and pro-caspase3 just like CK in HeLa cells. Overall, these findings suggest that CK induces apoptosis via suppression of PI3K/PDK1/SGK1 and NF-κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Gyu Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Young Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Oh BS, Im E, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Park WY, Park Y, Koo J, Pak JN, Kim DH, Shim BS, Kim SH. Inhibition of TMPRSS4 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition is critically involved in antimetastatic effect of melatonin in colorectal cancers. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4538-4546. [PMID: 34114707 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the underlying anti-metastatic mechanism of melatonin contained in some edible plants was explored in association with transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) mediated metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling in human HCT15 and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Here, TMPRSS4 was highly expressed in HCT15, but was weakly expressed in SW620 cells. Melatonin exerted weak cytotoxicity, decreased invasion, adhesion, and migration, and attenuated the expression of TMPRSS4, cyclin E, pro-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA), p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), p-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), Snail and increased the expression of E-cadherin, p27, pp38 and p-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) in HCT15 cells. Conversely, overexpression of TMPRSS4 reduced the ability of melatonin to activate E-cadherin and reduce Snail. Furthermore, even in SW620 cells transfected with TMPRSS4-overexpression plasmid, melatonin effectively suppressed invasion and migration along with decreased expression of Snail, cyclin A, cyclin E, pro-uPA and p-FAK and increased expression of E-cadherin and p27. Overall, these findings provide evidence that melatonin suppresses metastasis in colon cancer cells via inhibition of TMPRSS4 mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Suk Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsuk Koo
- Division of Horticulture & Medicinal Plant, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Na Pak
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Shin N, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park JE, Park WY, Cho AR, Shim BS, Kim SH. Apoptotic effect of compound K in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of glycolysis and Akt/mTOR/c-Myc signaling. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3812-3820. [PMID: 33856720 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/c-Myc signaling plays a pivotal role in the modulation of aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth, in the present study, the role of AKT/mTOR/c-Myc signaling in the apoptotic effect of Compound K (CK), an active ginseng saponin metabolite, was explored in HepG2 and Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). Here, CK exerted significant cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1, and attenuated the expression of pro-Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and Pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (pro-caspase3) in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Consistently, CK suppressed AKT/mTOR/c-Myc and their downstreams such as Hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2) in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Additionally, CK reduced c-Myc stability in the presence or absence of cycloheximide in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, AKT inhibitor LY294002 blocked the expression of p-AKT, c-Myc, HK2, PKM2, and pro-cas3 in HepG2 cells. Pyruvate blocked the ability of CK to inhibit p-AKT, p-mTOR, HK2, and pro-Cas3 in treated HepG2 cells. Overall, these findings provide evidence that CK induces apoptosis via inhibition of glycolysis and AKT/mTOR/c-Myc signaling in HCC cells as a potent anticancer candidate for liver cancer clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ah Reum Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Park JE, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park WY, Shim BS, Ko SG, Kim SH. Ribosomal protein L5 mediated inhibition of c-Myc is critically involved in sanggenon G induced apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1080-1088. [PMID: 32935429 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Though Sanggenon G (SanG) from root bark of Morus alba was known to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-depressant effects, its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein SanG reduced the viability of A549 and H1299 non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Also, SanG increased sub-G1 population via inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and Bcl-2, cleavages of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 cells. Of note, SanG effectively inhibited c-Myc expression by activating ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and reducing c-Myc stability even in the presence of cycloheximide and 20% serum in A549 cells. Furthermore, SanG enhanced the apoptotic effect with doxorubicin in A549 cells. Taken together, our results for the first time provide novel evidence that SanG suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and RPL5 mediated inhibition of c-Myc with combinational potential with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Lee JC, Sim DY, Lee H, Im E, Choi J, Park JE, Park WY, Jung JH, Shim BS, Kim S. MicroRNA216b
mediated downregulation of
HSP27
/
STAT3
/
AKT
signaling is critically involved in lambertianic acid induced apoptosis in human cervical cancers. Phytother Res 2020; 35:898-907. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jhin‐Back Choi
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee IH, Im E, Lee H, Sim DY, Lee JH, Jung JH, Park JE, Shim BS, Kim S. Apoptotic and antihepatofibrotic effect of honokiol via activation ofGSK3βand suppression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in hepatic stellate cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:452-462. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim K, Shin EA, Jung JH, Park JE, Kim DS, Shim BS, Kim SH. Ursolic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Partially via Upregulation of MicroRNA-4500 and Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E114. [PMID: 30597956 PMCID: PMC6337206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though ursolic acid (UA) isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa was known to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism of ursolic acid was not fully understood to date. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid was elucidated in HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells in association with STAT3 and microRNA-4500 (miR-4500) by MTT assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity, increased TUNEL positive cells and sub-G1 apoptotic portion, induced cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Of note, ursolic acid attenuated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and also blocked nuclear translocation of STAT3 in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, ursolic acid increased the expression level of miR-4500 in HCT116 cells by qRT-PCR analysis and conversely miR-4500 inhibitor reversed cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects by increasing TUNEL positive cells, PARP cleavage and inhibiting p-STAT3 in ursolic acid treated colorectal cancer cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that usolic acid induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells partially via upregulation of miR-4500 and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation as a potent anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong Soub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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14
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Choi JB, Kim JH, Lee H, Pak JN, Shim BS, Kim SH. Reactive Oxygen Species and p53 Mediated Activation of p38 and Caspases is Critically Involved in Kaempferol Induced Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:9960-9967. [PMID: 30211553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here the molecular mechanisms of Kaempferol were examined in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Kaempferol significantly exerted antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect in HCT116, HCT15, and SW480 cells. Also, Kaempferol increased sub G1 population, G2/M arrest, and the numbers of TUNEL cells in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Also, Kaempferol increased the PARP cleavages and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, phospho-p38 MAPK, p53, and p21 in HCT116 and HCT15 cells. Of note, Kaempferol generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) (43.7 ± 0.56 vs 25.8 ± 0.43, P < 0.01) in HCT116 cells and reversely ROS inhibitor NAC obstructed the effects of Kaempferol to cleave PARP and caspase-3 and activate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Likewise, pancaspase inhibitor z-vad-fmk, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and p53 depletion blocked PARP and caspase-3 in Kaempferol treated HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, these findings provide novel insight that ROS and p53 signalings mediate p38 phosphorylation and caspase activation in Kaempferol stimulated apoptosis in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhin-Baek Choi
- College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Ju-Ha Kim
- College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Ji-Na Pak
- Department of East West Medical Science , Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Yongin 17104 , Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
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15
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Hwang SM, Lee HJ, Jung JH, Sim DY, Hwang J, Park JE, Shim BS, Kim SH. Inhibition of Wnt3a/FOXM1/β-Catenin Axis and Activation of GSK3β and Caspases are Critically Involved in Apoptotic Effect of Moracin D in Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092681. [PMID: 30201862 PMCID: PMC6164368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Moracin D derived from Morus alba was known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the underlying antitumor mechanism of Moracin D has not been unveiled thus far. Thus, in the recent study, the apoptotic mechanism of Moracin D was elucidated in breast cancer cells. Herein, Moracin D exerted significant cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, Moracin D increased sub G1 population; cleaved poly (Adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose)) polymerase (PARP); activated cysteine aspartyl-specific protease 3 (caspase 3); and attenuated the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in MDA-MB231 cells. Of note, Moracin D reduced expression of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), β-catenin, Wnt3a, and upregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) on Tyr216 along with disturbed binding of FOXM1 with β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conversely, GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 reversed the apoptotic ability of Moracin D to reduce expression of FOXM1, β-catenin, pro-caspase3, and pro-PARP in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, these findings provide novel insight that Moracin D inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via suppression of Wnt3a/FOXM1/β-catenin signaling and activation of caspases and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jisung Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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16
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Kim DH, Shin EA, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Reactive oxygen species-mediated phosphorylation of p38 signaling is critically involved in apoptotic effect of Tanshinone I in colon cancer cells. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1975-1982. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
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17
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Kim JH, Kwon HY, Ryu DH, Nam MH, Shim BS, Kim JH, Lee JY, Kim SH. Inhibition of CUG-binding protein 1 and activation of caspases are critically involved in piperazine derivative BK10007S induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186490. [PMID: 29036189 PMCID: PMC5643113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Though piperazine derivative BK10007S was known to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer xenograft model as a T-type CaV3.1 a1G isoform calcium channel blocker, its underlying antitumor mechanism still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumor mechanism of BK10007S was elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). Herein, BK10007S showed significant cytotoxicity by 3-[4,5-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay and anti-proliferative effects by colony formation assay in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Also, apoptotic bodies and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were observed in BK10007S treated HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylinodole (DAPI) staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Consistently, BK10007S increased sub G1 population in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that BK10007S activated the caspase cascades (caspase 8, 9 and 3), cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, survivin and for CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1 or CELF1) in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CUGBP1 reduced cleavages of PARP and caspase 3, cytotoxicity and subG1 population in BK10007S treated HepG2 cells. Overall, these findings provide scientific evidences that BK10007S induces apoptosis via inhibition of CUGBP1 and activation of caspases in hepatocellular carcinomas as a potent anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kwon
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Ryu
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kim SM, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Yang WM, Nam D, Lee JH, Lee SG, Um JY, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Simvastatin in combination with bergamottin potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis through modulation of NF-κB signalling pathway in human chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2050-2060. [PMID: 26911804 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1141221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Simvastatin (SV) and bergamottin (BGM) are known to exhibit diverse anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective Very little is known about the potential efficacy of combination of these two agents to potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Materials and methods In the present study, we investigated whether SV combined with BGM mediates its effect through suppression of NF-κB-signalling pathway. Results We found that the combination treatment enhanced cytotoxicity and potentiated the apoptosis induced by TNF as indicated by intracellular esterase activity, Annexin V staining and caspase activation. This effect of co-treatment correlated with down-regulation of various gene products that mediate cell proliferation (cyclin D1), cell survival (cIAP-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Survivin), invasion (MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF); all known to be regulated by NF-κB. SV combined with BGM also produced TNF-induced cell-cycle arrest in S-phase and this arrest correlated with a concomitant increase in the levels of cyclin-dependent inhibitor p21 and p27. The combination therapy inhibited TNF-induced NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation and p65 translocation to the nucleus as compared with the treatment with individual agents alone. Besides, SV combined with BGM did not significantly potentiate apoptotic effect induced by TNF in p65(-)(/)(-) cells, as compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Discussion and conclusion Our results provide novel insight into the role of SV and BGM in potentially preventing and treating cancer through modulation of NF-κB signalling pathway and its regulated gene products.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Furocoumarins/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proteolysis
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Simvastatin/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- a Department of Oriental Pathology , College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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19
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Jung JH, Kim MJ, Lee H, Lee J, Kim J, Lee HJ, Shin EA, Kim YH, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Farnesiferol c induces apoptosis via regulation of L11 and c-Myc with combinational potential with anticancer drugs in non-small-cell lung cancers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26844. [PMID: 27231235 PMCID: PMC4882547 DOI: 10.1038/srep26844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Farnesiferol c (FC) has been reported to have anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity, the underlying antitumor mechanism of FC still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the apoptotic mechanism of FC in human H1299 and H596 non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). FC significantly showed cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 accumulation, and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin and procaspase 3 in H1299 and H596 cells. Furthermore, FC effectively suppressed the mRNA expression of G1 arrest related genes such as Cyclin D1, E2F1 transcription factor and CDC25A by RT-PCR. Interestingly, FC inhibited the expression of c-Myc, ribosomal protein L11 (L11) and nucleolin (NCL) in H1299 and H596 cells. Of note, silencing of L11 by siRNA transfection enhanced the expression of c-Myc through a negative feedback mechanism, while c-Myc knockdown downregulated L11 in H1299 cells. Additionally, combined treatment of FC and puromycin/doxorubicin promoted the activation of caspase 9/3, and attenuated the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in H1299 cells compared to single treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that FC induces apoptosis and G1 arrest via regulation of ribosomal protein L11 and c-Myc and also enhances antitumor effect of puromycin or doxorubicin in NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Joon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hyeon Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Kim C, Lee IH, Hyun HB, Kim JC, Gyawali R, Lee SG, Lee J, Kim SH, Shim BS, Cho SK, Ahn KS. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka Pericarp Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis Through Abrogation of STAT3 Regulated Gene Products in Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:227-243. [PMID: 27185319 PMCID: PMC5739124 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416649659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is well known to play a major role in the cell growth, survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of various cancer cells. Most of the citrus species offer large quantities of phytochemicals that have beneficial effects attributed to their chemical components. Our study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer effects of the pericarp of Iyokan ( Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka), locally known as yeagam in Korea, through modulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in both tumor cells and a nude mice model. The effect of supercritical extracts of yeagam peel (SEYG) on STAT3 activation, associated protein kinases, STAT3-regulated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis was examined. The in vivo effect of SEYG on the growth of DU145 human prostate xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu male mice was also investigated. We found SEYG exerted substantial inhibitory effect on STAT3 activation in human prostate cancer DU145 cells as compared to other tumor cells analyzed. SEYG inhibited proliferation and downregulated the expression of various STAT3-regulated gene products such as bcl-2, bcl-xL, survivin, IAP-1/2, cyclin D1, cyclin E, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9. This correlated with an increase in apoptosis as indicated by an increase in the expression of p53 and p21 proteins, the sub-G1 arrest, and caspase-3-induced PARP cleavage. When administered intraperitoneally, SEYG reduced the growth of DU145 human prostate xenograft tumors through downmodulation of STAT3 activation in athymic nu/nu male mice. Overall, these results suggest that SEYG extract has the potential source of STAT3 inhibitors that may have a potential in chemoprevention of human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwon Kim
- 1 Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Lee
- 1 Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bong Hyun
- 2 Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- 3 Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Junhee Lee
- 1 Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Somi K Cho
- 2 Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Baek SH, Ko JH, Lee H, Jung J, Kong M, Lee JW, Lee J, Chinnathambi A, Zayed ME, Alharbi SA, Lee SG, Shim BS, Sethi G, Kim SH, Yang WM, Um JY, Ahn KS. Resveratrol inhibits STAT3 signaling pathway through the induction of SOCS-1: Role in apoptosis induction and radiosensitization in head and neck tumor cells. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:566-577. [PMID: 27064016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and can cause uncontrolled cellular proliferation and division. HYPOTHESIS Thus, its targeted abrogation could be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of SCCHN. Resveratrol is known for its anti-cancer efficacy in a variety of cancer models. STUDY DESIGN The effect resveratrol on STAT3 activation, associated protein kinases, phosphatases, cellular proliferation and apoptosis was investigated. METHODS We evaluated the effect of resveratrol on STAT3 signaling cascade and its regulated functional responses in SCCHN cells. RESULTS We found that HN3 and FaDu cells expressed strongly phosphorylated STAT3 on both tyrosine 705 and serine 727 residues as compared to other SCCHN cells. The phosphorylation was completely suppressed by resveratrol in FaDu cells, but not substantially in HN3 cells. STAT3 suppression was mediated through the inhibition of activation of upstream JAK2, but not of JAK1 and Src kinases. Treatment with the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor pervanadate reversed the resveratrol-induced down-regulation of STAT3, thereby indicating a critical role for a PTP. We also found that resveratrol induced the expression of the SOCS-1 protein and mRNA. Further, deletion of SOCS-1 gene by siRNA suppressed the induction of SOCS-1, and reversed the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Resveratrol down-regulated various STAT3-regulated gene products, inhibited proliferation, invasion, as well as induced the cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase and caused apoptosis. Beside, this phytoalexin also exhibited the enhancement of apoptosis when combined with ionizing radiation treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that resveratrol blocks STAT3 signaling pathway through induction of SOCS-1, thus attenuating STAT3 phosphorylation and proliferation in SCCHN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyoo Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-woo Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Zayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lee H, Ko JH, Baek SH, Nam D, Lee SG, Lee J, Yang WM, Um JY, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Embelin Inhibits Invasion and Migration of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Suppression of CXC Chemokine Receptor 4, Matrix Metalloproteinases-9/2, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1021-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Kim C, Baek SH, Um JY, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Resveratrol attenuates constitutive STAT3 and STAT5 activation through induction of PTPε and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases and potentiates sorafenib-induced apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:19. [PMID: 26911335 PMCID: PMC4766620 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins are critical transcription factor that are aberrantly activated in various types of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS We investigated the effect of resveratrol (RES), an edible polyphenol phytoalexin on STAT3 and STAT5 activation cascade in both Caki-1 and 786-O RCC cell lines. RESULTS We found that RES suppressed both constitutive STAT3 (tyrosine residue 705 and serine residue 727) and STAT5 (tyrosine residue 694 and 699) activation, which correlated with the suppression of the upstream kinases (JAK1, JAK2, and c-Src) in RCC. Also, RES abrogated DNA binding capacity and nuclear translocation of these two transcription factors. RES-induced an increased expression of PTPε and SHP-2 and the deletion of these two genes by small interfering RNA abolished the ability of RES to inhibit STAT3 activation, suggesting the critical role of both PTPε and SHP-2 in its possible mechanism of action. Moreover, RES induced S phase cell cycle arrest, caused induction of apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed colony formation in RCC. We also found that RES downregulated the expression of STAT3/5-regulated antiapoptotic, proliferative, and metastatic gene products; and this correlated with induction of caspase-3 activation and anti-invasive activity. Beside, RES potentiated sorafenib induced inhibitory effect on constitutive STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation, apoptotic effects in 786-O cells, and this correlated with down-regulation of various oncogenic gene products. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that RES is a blocker of both STAT3 and STAT5 activation and thus may exert potential growth inhibitory effects against RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Baek
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Baek SH, Lee JH, Ko JH, Lee H, Nam D, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Lee J, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Ginkgetin Blocks Constitutive STAT3 Activation and Induces Apoptosis through Induction of SHP-1 and PTEN Tyrosine Phosphatases. Phytother Res 2016; 30:567-76. [PMID: 27059688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgetin, a biflavone from Ginkgo biloba leaves, is known to exhibit antiinflammatory, antifungal, neuroprotective, and antitumor activities, but its precise mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Because the aberrant activation of STAT3 has been linked with regulation of inflammation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumors, we hypothesized that ginkgetin modulates the activation of STAT3 in tumor cells. We found that ginkgetin clearly suppressed constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 through inhibition of the activation of upstream JAK1 and c-Src kinases and nuclear translocation of STAT3 on both A549 and FaDu cells. Treatment with sodium pervanadate reversed the ginkgetin-induced down-modulation of STAT3, thereby indicating a critical role for a PTP. We also found that ginkgetin strongly induced the expression of the SHP-1 and PTEN proteins and its mRNAs. Further, deletion of SHP-1 and PTEN genes by siRNA suppressed the induction of SHP-1 and PTEN, and reversed the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Ginkgetin induced apoptosis as characterized by an increased accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of STAT3-regulated gene products, and cleavage of PARP. Overall, ginkgetin abrogates STAT3 signaling pathway through induction of SHP-1 and PTEN proteins, thus attenuating STAT3 phosphorylation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwi Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim SM, Oh EY, Lee JH, Nam D, Lee SG, Lee J, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Brassinin Combined with Capsaicin Enhances Apoptotic and Anti-metastatic Effects in PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1828-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Oh
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Jung SY, Kim C, Kim WS, Lee SG, Lee JH, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Ahn KS. Korean Red Ginseng Extract Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Imatinib Mesylate Through Abrogation p38 and STAT5 Activation in KBM-5 Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1062-72. [PMID: 25857479 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although imatinib mesylate (IM) in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy, majority of patients with CML suffer its toxicity profile and develop chemoresistance to existing therapeutic agents. Thus, there is a need to develop novel alternative therapies for the treatment of CML. Here, we investigated whether Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) could suppress the proliferation and induce chemosensitization in human CML cells. Also, we used a human phospho-antibody array containing 46 antibodies against signaling molecules to examine a subset of phosphorylation events after treatment. Korean red ginseng extract broadly suppressed the proliferation of five different cell lines, but KRGE was found to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis against KBM-5 cells. It also abrogated the expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large), survivin, inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2, COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic gene products. Interestingly, KRGE also enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of IM in KBM-5 cells. The combination treatment of KRGE and IM caused pronounced suppression of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p53 compared with the individual treatment. Our results demonstrate that KRGE can enhance the anticancer activity of IM and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Wan-Seok Kim
- Botanical Drug Laboratory, R&D Headquarter, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, 305-805, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Kyoo Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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Oh BS, Shin EA, Jung JH, Jung DB, Kim B, Shim BS, Yazdi MC, Iranshahi M, Kim SH. Apoptotic Effect of Galbanic Acid via Activation of Caspases and Inhibition of Mcl-1 in H460 Non-Small Lung Carcinoma Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:844-9. [PMID: 25753585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Galbanic acid (GBA), a major compound of Ferula assafoetida, was known to have cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic and apoptotic effects in prostate cancer and murine Lewis lung cancer cells; the underling apoptotic mechanism of GBA still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of GBA was investigated mainly in H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells because H460 cells were most susceptible to GBA than A549, PC-9 and HCC827 NSCLC cells. Galbanic acid showed cytotoxicity in wild EGFR type H460 and A549 cells better than other mutant type PC-9 and HCC827 NSCLC cells. Also, GBA significantly increased the number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells and sub G1 population in H460 cells. Western blotting revealed that GBA cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated Bax and caspase 9, attenuated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) in H460 cells. However, interestingly, overexpression of Mcl-1 blocked the ability of GBA to exert cytotoxicity, activate caspase9 and Bax, cleave PARP, and increase sub G1 accumulation in H460 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that GBA induces apoptosis in H460 cells via caspase activation and Mcl-1 inhibition in H460 cells as a potent anticancer agent for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Seok Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Mahsa Chitsazian Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
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Kim SM, Lee JH, Sethi G, Kim C, Baek SH, Nam D, Chung WS, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Bergamottin, a natural furanocoumarin obtained from grapefruit juice induces chemosensitization and apoptosis through the inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway in tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:153-63. [PMID: 25130169 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been closely related to growth, survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of various cancer cells, and thus its inhibition can be considered a potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the role of bergamottin (BGM) obtained from grapefruit juice in abrogating the constitutive STAT3 activation in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. This suppression was mediated through the inhibition of phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) 1/2 and c-Src. Pervanadate reversed the BGM induced down-regulation of STAT3 activation, suggesting the involvement of a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Furthermore, BGM induced the expression of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, and gene silencing of the SHP-1 by small interfering RNA abolished the ability of BGM to inhibit STAT3 activation, suggesting a critical role for SHP-1 in the action of BGM. BGM also downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated gene products such as COX-2, VEGF, cyclin D1, survivin, IAP-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl in MM cells. This correlated with induction of substantial apoptosis as indicated by an increase in the sub-G1 cell population and caspase-3 induced PARP cleavage. Also, this agent significantly potentiated the apoptotic effects of bortezomib and thalidomide in MM cells. Overall, these results suggest that BGM is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation pathway thus may have a potential in therapy of MM and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Kim SM, Kim C, Bae H, Lee JH, Baek SH, Nam D, Chung WS, Shim BS, Lee SG, Kim SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS. 6-Shogaol exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through the modulation of STAT3 and MAPKs signaling pathways. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1132-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Bae
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Hong SH, Lee HJ, Sohn EJ, Ko HS, Shim BS, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Anti-nephrolithic potential of resveratrol via inhibition of ROS, MCP-1, hyaluronan and osteopontin in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:970-9. [PMID: 24145091 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though resveratrol is known to have anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the inhibitory mechanism of resveratrol in kidney stone formation has not been elucidated so far. METHOD ELISA, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blotting were performed. Human renal epithelial cells (HRCs) and rats with ethylene glycol (EG)-induced kidney stones were used. RESULTS A wound healing assay revealed that resveratrol significantly inhibited the oxalate-mediated migration of HRCs, considering oxalate mediates kidney stone formation. Also, resveratrol suppressed the mRNA expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase subunits such as p22(phox) and p47(phox), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and osteopontin (OPN) in oxalate-treated HRCs. Furthermore, western blotting showed that resveratrol downregulated the expression of MCP-1-related proteins including transforming growth factor(TGF-β1), TGFR-I or II and hyaluronan in oxalate-treated HRCs. Consistently, resveratrol reduced oxalate-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in oxalate-treated HRCs, while the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were enhanced by resveratrol in HRCs and EG-treated kidneys of rats. Consistently, resveratrol significantly reduced the number of urine calcium oxalate crystals and serum MDA, and attenuated the expression of OPN and hyaluroran in EG-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-nephrolithic potential via inhibition of ROS, MCP-1 hyaluronan and OPN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Hong
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kim C, Kim D, Nam D, Chung WS, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Choi SH, Shim BS, Cho SK, Ahn KS. Anti-metastatic effect of supercritical extracts from the Citrus hassaku pericarp via inhibition of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Phytother Res 2014; 28:1374-82. [PMID: 24638915 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of hassaku (Citrus hassaku Hort. ex Tanaka) is locally known as phalsak in Korea. Recently, the fruit extract has been known to exhibit in vivo preventive effects against UVB-induced pigmentation, antiallergic activity, and enhancement of blood fluidity. However, the exact mechanisms of how supercritical extracts of phalsak peel (SEPS) inhibits tumor metastasis and invasion are still not fully understood. We found that SEPS could downregulate the constitutive expression of both CXCR4 and HER2 in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as compared with other cells. SEPS also suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and its enzymatic activity under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Neither proteasome inhibition nor lysosomal stabilization had any effect on the SEPS-induced decrease in CXCR4 expression. A detailed study of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that the regulation of the downregulation of CXCR4 was at the transcriptional level, as indicated by downregulation of mRNA expression, suppression of NF-κB activity, and inhibition of chromatin immunoprecipitation activity. Suppression of CXCR4 expression by SEPS correlated with the inhibition of CXCL12-stimulated invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, our results indicate, for the first time, that SEPS can suppress CXCR4 and MMP-9 expressions through blockade of NF-κB activation and thus has the potential to suppress metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Nam D, Song J, Kim SM, Chiang SY, Kim JS, Chung WS, Jang HJ, Jung SH, Na YS, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. 8-hydrocalamenene, derived from Reynoutria elliptica, suppresses constitutive STAT3 activation, inhibiting proliferation and enhancing chemosensitization of human multiple myeloma cells. J Med Food 2014; 17:365-73. [PMID: 24476219 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the active compounds of herbal medicines and the molecular targets of those compounds is an attractive therapeutic objective. Reynoutria elliptica has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases as a Korean folk remedy. Based on the evidence that anti-inflammatory agents frequently exert antiproliferative activity, we tested two sesquiterpene derivatives, 8-hydrocalamenene (HC) and 8,14-dihydrocalamenene (DHC), for their ability to induce apoptosis and suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in multiple myeloma (MM) U266 cells. We found that HC inhibited cell viability in U266, but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HC exerted significant cytotoxicity and induced substantial subG1-phase arrest and apoptosis as compared with DHC. HC inhibited the expression of gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), proliferation (cyclin D1), and invasion (MMP-9), all of which are known to be regulated by STAT3. Furthermore, HC up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in U266 cells. Interestingly, HC blocked constitutive STAT3 activation through the inhibition of activation of upstream kinases Janus-like kinase 1 (JAK1), JAK2, and c-Src and up-regulated PIAS3. Deletion of STAT3 reversed cytotoxic effects and the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and c-myc by HC in MM cells. Finally, this sesquiterpene significantly synergized the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that HC is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation which may have a potential in the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Nam
- 1 College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cho JH, Lee JH, Lee EJ, Nam D, Shim BS, Song MY, Kim SS, Kim SH, Jung SH, Chung WS, Ahn KS. 8β-hydroxy-3-oxopimar-15-ene exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS-mediated activation of the TRAF6-ASK1-p38 signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:549-57. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.820742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heung Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and
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Kim SM, Park JH, Kim KD, Nam D, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Ahn KS. Brassinin induces apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells through the suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades. Phytother Res 2013; 28:423-31. [PMID: 23686889 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis and its downstream effector, the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) play a key role in mediating cell survival in various tumor cells. Here, we investigated the effects of brassinin (BSN), a phytoalexin first identified as a constituent of cabbage, on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 activation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer. BSN exerted a significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity and reduced constitutive phosphorylation of Akt against androgen-independent PC-3 cells as compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Moreover, knockdown of androgen receptor (AR) by small interfering RNA enhanced the potential effect of BSN on induction of apoptosis in LNCaP cells. BSN clearly suppressed the constitutive activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascade, which correlated with the induction of apoptosis as characterized by accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, TUNEL staining, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of antiapoptotic and proliferative proteins, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. Additionally, BSN could block broad-spectrum inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 axes, and aberrant Akt activation by pcDNA3-myr-HA-Akt1 plasmid could not prevent the observed suppressive effect of BSN on constitutive mTOR activation. Finally, overexpression of Bcl-2 also attenuated BSN-mediated apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that BSN can interfere with multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and might be provided as a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim SW, Kim SM, Bae H, Nam D, Lee JH, Lee SG, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Embelin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through the suppression of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades. Prostate 2013; 73:296-305. [PMID: 22887478 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades play an important role both in the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effects of embelin (EB), identified primarily from the Embelia ribes plant, on the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 activation, associated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. RESULTS EB exerted significant cytotoxic and suppressive effects on Akt and mTOR activation against androgen-independent PC-3 cells as compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Moreover, EB suppressed the constitutive activation of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascade, which correlated with the induction of apoptosis as characterized by accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, IAP-1, and IAP-2) and proliferative (cyclin D1) proteins, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. We also observed that EB can significantly enhance the apoptotic effects of a specific pharmacological Akt inhibitor when used in combination and also caused broad inhibition of all the three kinases in Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling axis in PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS EB inhibits multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and can be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Baek SH, Kim SM, Nam D, Lee JH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Kim SH, Shim BS, Chang IM, Ahn KS. Antimetastatic effect of nobiletin through the down-regulation of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 and matrix metallopeptidase-9. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:1210-1218. [PMID: 22853317 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.664151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nobiletin is one of the citrus bioflavonoids and can be found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, tangerines, and grapefruits. The most studied properties of nobiletin are its anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE The exact mechanisms of how nobiletin inhibits tumor metastasis and invasion are still not fully understood. In this study, we screened various natural compounds to down-modulate the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of nobiletin on the constitutive expressions of CXCR4 and MMP-9, MMP-9 enzymatic activity, associated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, and tumor cell invasion in human breast cancer cells was investigated. CXCR4 and MMP-9 expression were evaluated via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. NF-κB activation was also evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In addition, the antimetastatic effects of nobiletin were determined by gelatin zymography and invasion assay. RESULTS Nobiletin down-regulated both the constitutive expressions of CXCR4 and MMP-9 in human breast cancer cells with IC(50) values of 32 and 24 µM, respectively. Nobiletin also suppressed MMP-9 enzymatic activity and tumor cell invasion under noncytotoxic concentrations. Neither proteasome inhibition nor lysosomal stabilization had any effect on the nobiletin-induced decrease in CXCR4 expression. A detailed study of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that the regulation of the down-regulation of CXCR4 and MMP-9 were at the transcriptional level, as indicated by the down-regulation of mRNA expression and the suppression of the constitutive NF-κB and MAPKs activation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results indicate, for the first time, that nobiletin is a novel blocker of CXCR4 and MMP-9 expressions and thus has the potential to suppress metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ok S, Kim SM, Kim C, Nam D, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Ahn KS. Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:768-78. [PMID: 22299827 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.654494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (ED), an anthraquinone derivative, has been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, impede metastasis, and enhance chemotherapy. However, the detailed mechanism of ED related to the regulation of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) gene expression that affects cellular migration and invasion in prostate and lung cancer cells are not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is involved in promoting invasion and metastasis in tumors. Thus, novel agents that can downregulate CXCR4 expression have therapeutic potential in repressing cancer metastasis. Among ED and its derivatives, it is found that ED downregulated the expression of both CXCR4 and HER2 without affecting cell viability in tumor cells. The suppression of CXCR4 expression by ED was found to correlate with the inhibition of CXCL12-induced migration and invasion of both DU145 and A549 cells. Besides, neither proteasome inhibition nor lysosomal stabilization had any effect on ED-induced decrease in CXCR4 expression. The basic molecular mechanisms unveiled that the downregulation of CXCR4 was at the transcriptional level, as indicated by downregulation of mRNA expression and suppression of NF-κB activation. Overall, our findings suggest that ED is a novel blocker of CXCR4 expression and, thus, has enormous potential as a powerful therapeutic agent for metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooho Ok
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Im I, Park KR, Kim SM, Kim C, Park JH, Nam D, Jang HJ, Shim BS, Ahn KS, Mosaddik A, Sethi G, Cho SK, Ahn KS. The Butanol Fraction of Guava (Psidium cattleianumSabine) Leaf Extract Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression and Activity Through the Suppression of the ERK1/2 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:255-66. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.642455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chiang SY, Kim SM, Kim C, Um JY, Park KR, Kim SW, Lee SG, Jang HJ, Nam D, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Choi SH, Shim BS, Na YC, Jeong EK, Cho SK, Ahn KS. Antiproliferative effects of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) leaves through suppression of constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:152-60. [PMID: 22273151 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, its molecular targets and pathways, especially in human prostate cancer cells, are not fully understood. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of Dangyuja leaves through the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling pathway was investigated in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. The solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were obtained from a crude extract (80% methanol extract) of Dangyuja leaves. We first found that the chloroform fraction of Dangyuja leaves (DCF) was the most cytotoxic against DU145 cells. DCF inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation through blocking upstream Janus-like kinase 2 and c-Src. Consistent with STAT3 inactivation, DCF down-regulated the expression of STAT3 target genes, including bcl-2, bcl-xl, and cyclin D1; this correlated with the suppression of proliferation, the accumulation of cell cycle at the sub-G(1) phase, and the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, DCF exerted a relatively minor effect on the growth of human prostate noncancerous RWPE-1 cells. Nobiletin, a major active constituent of DCF, could induce apoptosis via the suppression of constitutive STAT3 activation. Overall, our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities previously assigned to DCF may be mediated partially through the suppression of the STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan Chiang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ryu NH, Park KR, Kim SM, Yun HM, Nam D, Lee SG, Jang HJ, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Shim BS, Choi SH, Mosaddik A, Cho SK, Ahn KS. A hexane fraction of guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) induces anticancer activity by suppressing AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal p70 S6 kinase in human prostate cancer cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:231-41. [PMID: 22280146 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer effects of guava leaf extracts and its fractions. The chemical compositions of the active extracts were also determined. In the present study, we set out to determine whether the anticancer effects of guava leaves are linked with their ability to suppress constitutive AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation pathways in human prostate cancer cells. We found that guava leaf hexane fraction (GHF) was the most potent inducer of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC-3 cells. The molecular mechanism or mechanisms of GHF apoptotic potential were correlated with the suppression of AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and MAPK signaling pathways. This effect of GHF correlated with down-regulation of various proteins that mediate cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Analysis of GHF by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry tentatively identified 60 compounds, including β-eudesmol (11.98%), α-copaene (7.97%), phytol (7.95%), α-patchoulene (3.76%), β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO) (3.63%), caryophylla-3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol (2.68%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (1.90%), α-terpineol (1.76%), and octadecane (1.23%). Besides GHF, CPO, but not phytol, also inhibited the AKT/mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Overall, these findings suggest that guava leaves can interfere with multiple signaling cascades linked with tumorigenesis and provide a source of potential therapeutic compounds for both the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Hyung Ryu
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee G, Choi TW, Kim C, Nam D, Lee SG, Jang HJ, Lee JH, Um JY, Jung SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS, Ahn KS. Anti-inflammatory activities of Reynoutria elliptica through suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB activation pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:454-64. [PMID: 21961440 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.619195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reynoutria elliptica has been used in traditional Korean medicine to promote blood circulation, relieve pain, increase dieresis, and alleviate respiratory problems, through as yet undefined mechanisms. We set out to determine whether the anti-inflammatory effects of this plant are linked with its ability to suppress mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. We found for the first time that the hexane fraction of Reynoutria elliptica (HRE) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and PGE2 synthesis. This is due to the diminishing of the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, respectively. HRE also suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion in a dose-dependent manner, which might be due to the suppression of LPS-induced MAPKs and NF-κB activation. Moreover, our HPLC data demonstrated that the major components of the HRE were bioactive compounds such as emodin-6-Glc, emodin, and physcion. Overall, our results indicate that Reynoutria elliptica could be provided as a potential candidate for anti-inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geumho Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee EJ, Kim C, Kim JY, Kim SM, Nam D, Jang HJ, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Jung SH, Ahn KS. Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory biomarkers by ethyl acetate fraction ofPatrinia scabiosaefoliathrough suppression of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:282-91. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.602412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kim HY, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Kim SM, Park KR, Jang HJ, Lee EH, Kim CY, Jung SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. A methylene chloride fraction of Saururus chinensis induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 in prostate and breast cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:567-574. [PMID: 21111586 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (SC) have been used for the treatment of edema, fever, jaundice, and inflammatory diseases in Korean folk medicine for centuries. However, the mechanism by which SC exerts these anti-tumorigenic activities in human prostate and breast cancer cells has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we report on the methylene chloride fraction from SC exerting cytotoxicity against prostate and breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, SC exerted the most potent cytotoxicity in LNCaP and MCF-7 cells. SC was shown to down-regulate various angiogenetic (VEGF), proliferative (Cyclin D₁, anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) gene products in these cells. SC also increased the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic bodies and the sub-G1 DNA contents of the cell cycle undergoing apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in both LNCaP and MCF-7 cells. We further confirmed that caspase-3 plays an important role in SC-induced apoptosis in LNCaP and MCF-7 cells through the use of the caspase-3 inhibitor. Moreover, we observed that SC potentiated paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and sauchinone is a major active constituent of SC, which could induce apoptosis in the cells. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that SC induces apoptosis depending on caspase-3 activation and overcomes the natural biological resistance to chemotherapy found in human prostate and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JI, Ha YW, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Kim SM, Jang HJ, Choi JH, Choi MH, Chung BC, Sethi G, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Cellular uptake of ginsenosides in Korean white ginseng and red ginseng and their apoptotic activities in human breast cancer cells. Planta Med 2011; 77:133-140. [PMID: 20669086 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng has been reported to have cancer-preventive properties and, through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms, to influence gene expression. However, the comparison of Korean white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) in their apoptotic effects and the identification of the selective cellular uptake of the ginsenosides in human breast cancer cells have not yet been fully understood. In the present study, the relative nonpolar and protopanaxadiol (PPD) class ginsenosides exhibited more cytotoxic and efficient cellular uptake on MCF-7 cells compared with the relative polar and protopanaxatriol (PPT) class compounds. PPD class ginsenosides were present in RG in a 2.5 times higher concentration as compared to WG, while PPT class ginsenosides were only present in WG. Thus, RG exerted more potent cytotoxicity than WG against MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells. RG also increased the sub-G1 DNA contents of the cell cycle and Annexin V-positive apoptotic bodies undergoing apoptosis through the caspase-3 activation in MCF-7 cells. In addition, RG downregulated the proliferative and anti-apoptotic gene products and potentiated paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Overall, RG contained a higher concentration of PPD class ginsenosides as compared to WG; the greater cellular uptake of PPD resulted in more substantial antiproliferative activity in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Il Lee
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee HJ, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Nam D, Jung SH, Lee EH, Lee HJ, Shin EM, Jang HJ, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Choi SH, Kim SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Angelica keiskei Through Suppression of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation Pathways. J Med Food 2010; 13:691-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Joo Lee
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Choi
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo Seok Ahn
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Choi
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SK, Jung HS, Eo WK, Lee SY, Kim SH, Shim BS. Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract as a potential option for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: report of two cases. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1383-1385. [PMID: 20363807 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Mμ Integrative Cancer Center, East West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - H S Jung
- Mμ Integrative Cancer Center, East West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W K Eo
- Mμ Integrative Cancer Center, East West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, VA, USA
| | - S H Kim
- Graduate School of East West Medical Science
| | - B S Shim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Yu YB, Dosanjh L, Lao L, Tan M, Shim BS, Luo Y. Cinnamomum cassia bark in two herbal formulas increases life span in Caenorhabditis elegans via insulin signaling and stress response pathways. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9339. [PMID: 20179756 PMCID: PMC2825258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proving the efficacy and corresponding mode of action of herbal supplements is a difficult challenge for evidence-based herbal therapy. A major hurdle is the complexity of herbal preparations, many of which combine multiple herbs, particularly when the combination is assumed to be vitally important to the effectiveness of the herbal therapy. This issue may be addressed through the use of contemporary methodology and validated animal models. Methods and Principal Findings In this study, two commonly used traditional herbal formulas, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (SQDB) and Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) were evaluated using a survival assay and oxidative stress biomarkers in a well-established C. elegans model of aging. HLXL is an eleven herb formula modified from a top-selling traditional herbal formula for the treatment of arthritic joint pain. SQDB consists of ten herbs often used for fatigue and energy, particularly in the aged. We demonstrate here that SQDB significantly extend life span in a C. elegans model of aging. Among all individual herbs tested, two herbs Cinnamomum cassia bark (Chinese pharmaceutical name: Cinnamomi Cortex, CIN) and Panax ginseng root (Chinese pharmaceutical name: Ginseng Radix, GS) significantly extended life span in C. elegans. CIN in both SQDB and HLXL formula extended life span via modulation of multiple longevity assurance genes, including genes involved in insulin signaling and stress response pathways. All the life-span-extending herbs (SQDB, CIN and GS) also attenuated levels of H2O2 and enhanced small heat shock protein expression. Furthermore, the life span-extending herbs significantly delayed human amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity in transgenic C. elegans expressing human Aβ. Conclusion/Significance These results validate an invertebrate model for rapid, systematic evaluation of commonly used Chinese herbal formulations and may provide insight for designing future evidence-based herbal therapy(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Beob Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Magesh V, Lee JC, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Shim BS, Jung HJ, Kim JS, Kim DK, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Ocimum sanctum induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells and suppresses the in vivo growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1385-91. [PMID: 19277950 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although Ocimum sanctum has been used extensively for its medicinal values in India and China, its antitumor activity against human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells has not been investigated until now. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) was elucidated in A549 cells in vitro and the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) animal model. EEOS exerted cytotoxicity against A549 cells, increased the sub-G1 population and exhibited apoptotic bodies in A549 cells. Furthermore, EEOS cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), released cytochrome C into cytosol and simultaneously activated caspase-9 and -3 proteins. Also, EEOS increased the ratio of proapoptotic protein Bax/antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in A549 cancer cells. In addition, it was found that EEOS can suppress the growth of LLC inoculated onto C57BL/6 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results demonstrate that EEOS induces apoptosis in A549 cells via a mitochondria caspase dependent pathway and inhibits the in vivo growth of LLC, suggesting that EEOS can be applied to lung carcinoma as a chemopreventive candidate.
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Urbanchek MG, Shim BS, Baghmanli Z, Wei B, Schroeder K, Langhals NB, Miriani RM, Egeland BM, Kipke DR, Martin DC, Cederna PS. Conduction Properties Of Decellularized Nerve Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 32:430-433. [PMID: 21841944 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14998-6_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to optimize poly(3,4,-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymerization into decellular nerve scaffolding for interfacing to peripheral nerves. Our ultimate aim is to permanently implant highly conductive peripheral nerve interfaces between amputee, stump, nerve fascicles and prosthetic electronics. Decellular nerve (DN) scaffolds are an FDA approved biomaterial (Axogen ) with the flexible tensile properties needed for successful permanent coaptation to peripheral nerves. Biocompatible, electroconductive, PEDOT facilitates electrical conduction through PEDOT coated acellular muscle. New electrochemical methods were used to polymerize various PEDOT concentrations into DN scaffolds without the need for a final dehydration step. DN scaffolds were then tested for electrical impedance and charge density. PEDOT coated DN scaffold materials were also implanted as 15-20mm peripheral nerve grafts. Measurement of in-situ nerve conduction immediately followed grafting. DN showed significant improvements in impedance for dehydrated and hydrated, DN, polymerized with moderate and low PEDOT concentrations when they were compared with DN alone (a ≤ 0.05). These measurements were equivalent to those for DN with maximal PEDOT concentrations. In-situ, nerve conduction measurements demonstrated that DN alone is a poor electro-conductor while the addition of PEDOT allows DN scaffold grafts to compare favorably with the "gold standard", autograft (Table 1). Surgical handling characteristics for conductive hydrated PEDOT DN scaffolds were rated 3 (pliable) while the dehydrated models were rated 1 (very stiff) when compared with autograft ratings of 4 (normal). Low concentrations of PEDOT on DN scaffolds provided significant increases in electro active properties which were comparable to the densest PEDOT coatings. DN pliability was closely maintained by continued hydration during PEDOT electrochemical polymerization without compromising electroconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Urbanchek
- University of Michigan/Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Ann Arbor, USA
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