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Kwon W, Kim H, Han Y, Hwang YJ, Kim SG, Kwon HJ, Vinuela E, Járufe N, Roa JC, Han IW, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW, Ahn KS, Kang KJ, Lee W, Jeong CY, Hong SC, Troncoso AT, Losada HM, Han SS, Park SJ, Kim SW, Yanagimoto H, Endo I, Kubota K, Wakai T, Ajiki T, Adsay NV, Jang JY. Role of tumour location and surgical extent on prognosis in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicentre study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1334-1343. [PMID: 32452559 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gallbladder cancer, stage T2 is subdivided by tumour location into lesions on the peritoneal side (T2a) or hepatic side (T2b). For tumours on the peritoneal side (T2a), it has been suggested that liver resection may be omitted without compromising the prognosis. However, data to validate this argument are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of tumour location in T2 gallbladder cancer, and to clarify the adequate extent of surgical resection. METHODS Clinical data from patients who underwent surgery for gallbladder cancer were collected from 14 hospitals in Korea, Japan, Chile and the USA. Survival and risk factor analyses were conducted. RESULTS Data from 937 patients were available for evaluation. The overall 5-year disease-free survival rate was 70·6 per cent, 74·5 per cent for those with T2a and 65·5 per cent among those with T2b tumours (P = 0·028). Regarding liver resection, extended cholecystectomy was associated with a better 5-year disease-free survival rate than simple cholecystectomy (73·0 versus 61·5 per cent; P = 0·012). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was marginally better for extended than simple cholecystectomy in both T2a (76·5 versus 66·1 per cent; P = 0·094) and T2b (68·2 versus 56·2 per cent; P = 0·084) disease. Five-year disease-free survival rates were similar for extended cholecystectomies including liver wedge resection versus segment IVb/V segmentectomy (74·1 versus 71·5 per cent; P = 0·720). In multivariable analysis, independent risk factors for recurrence were presence of symptoms (hazard ratio (HR) 1·52; P = 0·002), R1 resection (HR 1·96; P = 0·004) and N1/N2 status (N1: HR 3·40, P < 0·001; N2: HR 9·56, P < 0·001). Among recurrences, 70·8 per cent were metastatic. CONCLUSION Tumour location was not an independent prognostic factor in T2 gallbladder cancer. Extended cholecystectomy was marginally superior to simple cholecystectomy. A radical operation should include liver resection and adequate node dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Hwang
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S G Kim
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - H J Kwon
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - E Vinuela
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Járufe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Santiago, Chile
| | - J C Roa
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I W Han
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J S Heo
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S-H Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D W Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K S Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Centre, Daegu, South Korea
| | - K J Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Centre, Daegu, South Korea
| | - W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - C-Y Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - S-C Hong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - A T Troncoso
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - H M Losada
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - S-S Han
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, South Korea
| | - S-J Park
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, South Korea
| | - S-W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, South Korea
| | - H Yanagimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - I Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Ajiki
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N V Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J-Y Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Park HJ, Lee SY, Lee SM, Kim WT, Lee S, Ahn KS. Strain elastography features of epidermoid tumours in superficial soft tissue: differences from other benign soft-tissue tumours and malignant tumours. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140797. [PMID: 25827206 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated ultrasonographic features of superficial epidermoid tumour with a focus on strain elastography (SE) features that will help in the differential diagnosis of epidermoid tumour from other benign and malignant soft-tissue tumours. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated ultrasonographic and SE data of 103 surgically confirmed superficial soft-tissue tumours and tumour-like lesions: 29 cases of epidermoid tumour, 46 cases of other benign tumours and 28 cases of malignant tumour. SE and B-mode imaging were performed at the same time. SE characteristics were assigned into four grades (1-4) according to their elasticity. Interobserver agreement for the four SE scores between the two radiologists was analysed using kappa statistics. We classified each SE finding as a hard lesion (SE Score 3-4) or soft lesion (SE Score 1-2) and compared these findings using the χ(2) test to identify whether a significant difference in mass hardness existed among epidermoid tumour, other benign tumour and malignant tumour. RESULTS Overall interobserver agreement according to the four SE scores was moderate (κ = 0.540), and overall agreement for the hardness [soft (Score 1-2) or hard (Score 3-4)] was almost perfect (κ = 0.825). Malignant tumours showed higher SE scores (3-4, hard nature) than did epidermoid tumour or other benign soft-tissue tumours. There were no differences in SE score between epidermoid tumour and other benign tumours. CONCLUSION Superficial epidermoid tumour exhibits a softer nature than does malignant tumour but does not have a different SE pattern from other benign tumours. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE SE features of epidermoid tumour might be helpful in differentiating from other benign and malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- 1 Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Siveen KS, Nguyen AH, Lee JH, Li F, Singh SS, Kumar AP, Low G, Jha S, Tergaonkar V, Ahn KS, Sethi G. Negative regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signalling cascade by lupeol inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1327-37. [PMID: 25101566 PMCID: PMC4183851 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling 3 (STAT3) has been linked with survival, proliferation and angiogenesis in a wide variety of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We evaluated the effect of lupeol on STAT3 signalling cascade and its regulated functional responses in HCC cells. Results: Lupeol suppressed constitutive activation of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 residue effectively in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinases (JAKs) 1 and 2 and Src was also suppressed by lupeol. Pervanadate treatment reversed the downregulation of phospho-STAT3 induced by lupeol, thereby indicating the involvement of a phosphatase. Indeed, we observed that treatment with lupeol increased the protein and mRNA levels of SHP-2, and silencing of SHP-2 abolished the inhibitory effects of lupeol on STAT3 activation. Treatment with lupeol also downregulated the expression of diverse STAT3-regulated genes and decreased the binding of STAT3 to VEGF promoter. Moreover, the proliferation of various HCC cells was significantly suppressed by lupeol, being associated with substantial induction of apoptosis. Depletion of SHP-2 reversed the observed antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of lupeol. Conclusions: Lupeol exhibited its potential anticancer effects in HCC through the downregulation of STAT3-induced pro-survival signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - A H Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - F Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - S S Singh
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore [2] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - A P Kumar
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore [2] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore [3] Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia [4] Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - G Low
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore [2] Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - S Jha
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore [2] Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - V Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K S Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - G Sethi
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore [2] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Lee HS, Jang MS, Kim JH, Hong CP, Lee EJ, Jeun EJ, Kim C, Kim EK, Ahn KS, Yang BG, Ahn KS, Jang YP, Ahn KS, Kim YM, Jang MH. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai upregulates eosinophils and suppresses Th1 and Th17 cells in the small intestine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76716. [PMID: 24116141 PMCID: PMC3792050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai (Ulmaceae) has been used in traditional Korean medicine for chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we investigated the frequency and cytokine profile of the major immune cells in the small intestinal lamina propria (SI LP), spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of mice treated orally with Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai bark water extract (UDE) to address the immunomodulatory role of this herb in intestinal homeostasis. B6 mice were given 5g/kg UDE once daily for 14 days. They were then sacrificed, and cells were isolated from the spleen, MLNs, and SI LP. The proportion of B versus T lymphocytes, CD4+ versus CD8+ T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th17 cells, and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen, MLNs, and SI LP were analyzed. The frequency of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells, macrophages, and eosinophils in the SI LP and the expression of costimulatory molecules on APCs were also evaluated. The numbers and frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells in the SI LP were significantly reduced in the UDE-treated mice compared with PBS controls. In addition, the proportion of IL-4-producing eosinophils in the SI LP was significantly elevated in the UDE-treated mice compared with controls. Taken together, these data indicate that UDE up-regulates the number and frequency of SI LP eosinophils, which can down-regulate the Th1 and Th17 responses via IL-4 secretion and contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chun-Pyo Hong
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Jeun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Seong Ahn
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Gie Yang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoo-Seok Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim MS, Kim WG, Chung HS, Park BW, Ahn KS, Kim JJ, Bae H. Improvement of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by Platycodon grandiflorum fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1222-9. [PMID: 22863917 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized as a multi-factorial inflammatory skin disease that has been increasing worldwide. Previously, we demonstrated that FPG, which is Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), increases the level of interferon (IFN)-gamma in mouse splenocytes in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of FPG in an animal model of AD, with a particular emphasis on its effects on T helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses. To assess the potential use of FPG for the inhibition of AD, we established a model of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Immunoglobulin isotypes (Igs) and Th1/Th2 cytokines in the sera and spleens of AD-like mice were examined. In addition, histological examination was also performed. AD symptoms in skin lesions improved following oral administration of FPG. IgE secretion was significantly down-regulated, and this was accompanied by decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IgG1 and increased serum levels of IL-12p40 and IgG2a in FPG-treated animals. In splenocytes, the production of the Th1 cytokines IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma was up-regulated, while the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and 5 were down-regulated by FPG treatment. These results suggest that FPG inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing the Th2 cell response and increasing the Th1 cell responses. Our results indicate that FPG is safe and effective for the prevention of AD-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Research Institute of Atopy and Immunity, CombiMed Co., Ltd., Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–070, South Korea
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Park HJ, Oh Y, Kang HJ, Han EJ, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Ahn KS, Yoon BH, Han BD. A gene-specific primer extension and liquid bead array system for killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotyping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 77:251-6. [PMID: 21299533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate method for killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotyping is developed using KIR gene-specific primer extension (GSPE) followed by bead array hybridization (GSPE method). After amplification of exons 4, 5, and 9, KIR GSPE and bead array hybridization were performed to verify the presence or absence of 16 KIR subfamilies. GSPE method was validated with natural killer/KIR reference panel I consisting of 48 cell types provided by 13th International Histocompatibility Working Group (IHWG) and genomic DNA from 17 peripheral blood cells, 8 cell lines, and 8 buccal cells. The results of reference panel from GSPE method were 100% concordant with the IHWG reference typing information. All genomic DNAs except reference panel were typed for KIR genes with sequence-specific primer methods and showed 100% identical typing results using this novel system. In addition, GSPE method can obtain results in 8 h from DNA with 10 ng genomic DNA in a 96-well-based assay format.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- YeBT Co., Ltd, Mok-dong, Yangchun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee HS, Cho KH, Kim TK, Kim CH, Ahn SJ, Lee EH, Ahn KS, Jung YJ. Cho-kyung-jong-ok-tang, a traditional Korean herbal formula induces type 2 shift in murine natural killer cell cytokine production. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134:281-287. [PMID: 21182916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cho-kyung-jong-ok-tang (CKJOT) is a traditional Korean herbal formula specifically used for female infertility including unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the effects of CKJOT on mouse natural killer (NK) cells to address the possible immunological basis of protective effects of this herbal medicine on unexplained RPL. MATERIALS AND METHODS NK cells isolated from spleens of 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were differentiated into NK0, NK1, and NK2 cells in the presence of various concentrations of CKJOT-extract. Apoptotic cell number, level of intracellular cytokines, and expression of cytokine-related transcription factors were measured. RESULTS CKJOT had little effect in improving viability of NK0, NK1, and NK2 cells. However, CKJOT addition during NK cell differentiation suppressed the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and enhanced that of interleukin-5, in the NK1 and NK2 subsets, respectively. T-bet, a transcription factor associated with IFN-γ expression was down-regulated; while Th2 linked transcription factors (STAT6 and GATA3) were up-regulated especially with 100 μg/mL treatment of CKJOT. CONCLUSION The type 2 shift in NK cell-secreted cytokines induced by CKJOT in mouse NK cells may explain the protective effect associated with its traditional use in unexplained RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Lee
- With-Nature Oriental Clinic Group, Republic of Korea
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Park HJ, Oh Y, Kang HJ, Han EJ, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Ahn KS, Yoon BH, Han BD. A gene-specific primer extension and liquid bead array system for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotyping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 77:535-9. [PMID: 21395560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim MS, Hur YG, Kim WG, Park BW, Ahn KS, Kim JJ, Bae H. Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on T(H)1 and T(H)2 immune responses in a murine model of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:54-61. [PMID: 21195946 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat pulmonary and respiratory allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of atopic dermatitis (AD), with particular emphasis on its effects on T(H)1 and T(H)2 immune responses. METHODS we established a model of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced model of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. AD symptoms in skin lesions improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of interleukin (IL) 4 and IgG1 and increased serum levels of IL-12p40 and IgG2a. In isolated splenocytes, the production of the T(H)1 cytokines IL-12p40 and interferon-γ was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the T(H)2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were downregulated in a mouse model of AD-like skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing the T(H)2 cell response and increasing the T(H)1 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of AD-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Research Institute of Atopy and Immunity, CombiMed Company Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee CH, Jeong SJ, Yun SM, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Won SH, Kim HS, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Zhu S, Chen CY, Kim SH. Down-regulation of phosphoglucomutase 3 mediates sulforaphane-induced cell death in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:67. [PMID: 21159204 PMCID: PMC3024296 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables that exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and radio-sensitizing activities. Nonetheless, the mechanism responsible for SFN-induced cell death is not fully understood. In the present study, anti-cancer mechanism of SFN was elucidated in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Results SFN exerted cytotoxicity and increased TUNEL positive cells in a concentration-dependent manner in LNCaP cells. Proteomics study revealed that levels of nine proteins including tubulin β-2, phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM3), melanoma-derived leucine zipper containing extra-nuclear factor, activin A type I receptor precursor, smoothelin-A, KIA0073, hypothetical protein LOC57691 and two unnamed proteins were changed over 8 folds in SFN treated LNCaP cells compared to untreated control. We have further confirmed that SFN reduced PGM3 expression with western blotting and showed that PGM3 siRNA enhanced cytotoxicity demonstrated by cell morphology and TUNEL assays in LNCaP cells. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that PGM3 plays a role in mediating SFN-induced cell death in LNCaP cells, and is a potential molecular therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Yun
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hyun Won
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Seok Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Zhu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chang-Yan Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Han HS, Cho JY, Yoon YS, Ahn KS, Kim H. Preoperative inflammation is a prognostic factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Br J Surg 2010; 98:111-6. [PMID: 21136565 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation frequently accompanies gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), but its impact on outcome is unclear. The present study investigated the impact of concomitant inflammation on survival of patients with GBC. METHODS All patients undergoing surgery for GBC between October 2003 and May 2009 were identified retrospectively from a prospectively collected database. Patients were classified according to whether preoperative inflammation was present (65 patients) or not (23). RESULTS A total of 88 patients were enrolled. There were no differences in sex, mean age, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage and radicality of resection between the two groups. The overall 3-year survival rate was lower in patients with preoperative inflammation than in those without (33 versus 73 per cent; P = 0·001). In univariable analysis, preoperative inflammation, T, N and M category, TNM stage, radicality of surgery and tumour differentiation were significant prognostic factors. The presence of preoperative inflammation (hazard ratio (HR) 2·38, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·04 to 5·43), lymph node metastases (HR 5·23, 1·05 to 26·09) and R1 or R2 resection (HR 3·77, 1·47 to 9·72) were independent prognostic factors for poor survival. CONCLUSION The presence of preoperative inflammation is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in patients with GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Kim SC, Magesh V, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Kim SH, Lee MH, Kim JH, Kim SH. Ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum exerts anti-metastatic activity through inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and enhancement of anti-oxidant enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1478-82. [PMID: 20233602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum has been known to possess various beneficial properties including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we investigated that ethanol extracts of O. sanctum (EEOS) had anti-metastatic activity through activation of anti-oxidative enzymes. EEOS exerted cytotoxicity against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Also, EEOS significantly inhibited cell adhesion and invasion as well as activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), but not MMP-2, indicating the important role of MMP-9 in anti-metastatic regulation of EEOS. In addition, EEOS significantly reduced the tumor nodule formation and lung weight in LLC-injected mice. Inhibitory effect of EEOS on metastasis was further confirmed by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Notably, we also found that EEOS enhanced activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings support that EEOS can be a potent anti-metastatic candidate through inactivation of MMP-9 and enhancement of anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Chae Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kang H, Oh YJ, Choi HY, Ham IH, Bae HS, Kim SH, Ahn KS. Immunomodulatory effect of Schizonepeta tenuifolia water extract on mouse Th1/Th2 cytokine production in-vivo and in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:901-7. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) is a major herbal constituent included in treatments for the common cold with fever, ostitis media and other skin inflammations. The present study investigated the effect of ST water extract on the pattern of cytokine production from activated T cells in-vivo and in-vitro. When ST (200 mgkg−1) was given orally to mice for 7 days before i.v. injection of anti-CD3 antibody, it significantly decreased mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ and T-bet. Our flow cytometric analysis showed that ST administration significantly increased CD69 expression but showed little effect on the subsets of T cells. When we cultured mouse CD4 T cells under Th1/Th2 differentiation in the presence of ST, the suppressive activity of ST on IFN-γ involved T-bet, but the downregulation of IL-4 occurred independently of the Th2 transcription factors GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and c-Maf. However, it increased IL-2 secretion during Th1/Th2 differentiation. Our study demonstrates that ST regulates inflammatory responses by reducing the release of Th1 and Th2 cytokines from T cells and prevents unprimed CD4 T cells from differentiating into Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-710, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Joung Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-710, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-710, South Korea
| | - Kyoo-Seok Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, 130-710, South Korea
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Lee JH, Choi S, Lee Y, Lee HJ, Kim KH, Ahn KS, Bae H, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Ryu SY, Lü J, Kim SH. Herbal Compound Farnesiferol C Exerts Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activity and Targets Multiple Aspects of VEGFR1 (Flt1) or VEGFR2 (Flk1) Signaling Cascades. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:389-99. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Magesh V, Lee JC, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Shim BS, Jung HJ, Kim JS, Kim DK, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Ocimum sanctum induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells and suppresses the in vivo growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1385-91. [PMID: 19277950 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although Ocimum sanctum has been used extensively for its medicinal values in India and China, its antitumor activity against human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells has not been investigated until now. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) was elucidated in A549 cells in vitro and the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) animal model. EEOS exerted cytotoxicity against A549 cells, increased the sub-G1 population and exhibited apoptotic bodies in A549 cells. Furthermore, EEOS cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), released cytochrome C into cytosol and simultaneously activated caspase-9 and -3 proteins. Also, EEOS increased the ratio of proapoptotic protein Bax/antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in A549 cancer cells. In addition, it was found that EEOS can suppress the growth of LLC inoculated onto C57BL/6 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results demonstrate that EEOS induces apoptosis in A549 cells via a mitochondria caspase dependent pathway and inhibits the in vivo growth of LLC, suggesting that EEOS can be applied to lung carcinoma as a chemopreventive candidate.
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Kim SA, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Jung SJ, Kim JY, Baek N, Kim SH. Paeonol exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities through downmodulation of Akt activation and inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1142-7. [PMID: 19571375 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Recently there is evidence that anti-inflammatory agents may be useful in the setting of angiogenesis-related diseases. Thus in the present study the anti-angiogenic activity of paeonol and its mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Paeonol significantly inhibited proliferation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Paeonol also significantly inhibited migration and tube formation of bFGF-stimulated HUVECs in vitro. In addition, paeonol significantly suppressed neovessel formation on bFGF-treated chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and disrupted bFGF-induced neovascularization in Matrigel plug assay in vivo. Furthermore, paeonol downregluated Akt phosphorylation in bFGF-stimulated HUVECs and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. The Akt inhibitor LY294002 synergistically potentiated paeonol-induced inactivation of Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor in bFGF-treated HUVECs. Taken together, these findings suggest that paeonol can be a potent suppressor of angiogenesis and metastasis partially through inhibition of Akt signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ae Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University
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Lee HJ, Lee JH, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Kim KH, Lee KS, Lee CH, Nam DW, Kim SH, Lee HJ, Ahn KS. Substance P and beta endorphin mediate electroacupuncture induced analgesic activity in mouse cancer pain model. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2009; 34:27-40. [PMID: 19711773 DOI: 10.3727/036012909803861095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pain impairs the quality of life of cancer patients, but opioid analgesics can not only cause inhibition of respiratory function, and constipation, but also other significant side effects such as addiction and tolerance that further decrease quality of life. Thus, in the present study, the effects of electro-acupuncture treatment (EA) on mechanical allodynia were examined in cancer pain mouse model. In order to induce neuropathic cancer pain model, S-180 sarcoma cells were inoculated around the sciatic nerve of left legs of Balb/c mice. The mass of S-180 cancer cells embedded around sciatic nerve in a time course was confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning. Mechanical allodynia was most consistently induced in mouse sarcoma cell line S-180 (2 x 10(6) sarcoma cells) treated group among all groups. EA stimulation (2Hz) was daily given to ST36 (Zusanli) of S-180 bearing mice for 30 min for 9 days after S-180 inoculation. EA treatment significantly prolonged paw withdrawal latency from 5 days after inoculation as well as shortened cumulative lifting duration from 7 days after inoculation compared with tumor control. In addition, the overexpressions of pain peptide substance P in dorsal horn of spinal cord were significantly decreased in EA treated group compared with tumor control on Day 9 after inoculation. Furthermore, EA treatment effectively increased the concentration of beta endorphin in blood and brain of mice more than tumor control as well as normal group. The concentration of beta-endorphin for EA treatment group increased by 51.457% in blood 12.6% in brain respectively, compared with tumor control group. These findings suggest that S-180 cancer pain model can be a consistent and short time animal model and also EA treatment can be an alternative therapeutic method for cancer pain via decreased substance P and increased beta endorphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Cha HS, Kim TJ, Kim JY, Lee MH, Jeon CH, Kim J, Bae EK, Ahn KS, Koh EM. Autoantibodies to glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase are elevated in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 33:179-84. [PMID: 15228189 DOI: 10.1080/03009740310004757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) antibody in the synovial fluid is specifically related to human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synovial fluid was collected from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), gout, Behcet's disease, or ankylosing spondylitis. GPI-binding activity was measured in the synovial fluid using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. RESULTS The mean level of anti-GPI signal in the synovial fluid of RA patients was significantly elevated compared with that of OA patients (2.84 +/- 1.41 AU versus 1.19 +/- 0.42 AU, respectively; p < 0.0001). Anti-GPI signals in the synovial fluids of patients with non-rheumatoid arthritis, such as gout, Behcet's disease, or ankylosing spondylitis were significantly lower than in the synovial fluid of RA patients (p < 0.005), and were similar to those of OA patients. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that anti-GPI antibody in the synovial fluid is specifically related to RA, and suggests that GPI and its autoantibody might be important in the pathogenesis of human RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cha
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee KS, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Kim SH, Nam D, Kim DK, Choi DY, Ahn KS, Lu J, Kim SH. Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway mediates icariside II induced apoptosis in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kang H, Oh YJ, Ahn KS, Eom HJ, Han N, Kim YB, Sohn NW. Leuconostoc citreumHJ-P4 (KACC 91035) regulates immunoglobulin E in an ovalbumin-induced allergy model and induces interleukin-12 through nuclear factor-kappa B and p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinases signaling in macrophages. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:331-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yoon YS, Lee KH, Han HS, Cho JY, Ahn KS. Patency of splenic vessels after laparoscopic spleen and splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy. Br J Surg 2009; 96:633-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the short- and long-term patency of preserved splenic vessels after laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) with preservation of the splenic vessels.
Methods
This single-centre retrospective study included all patients who had undergone splenic vessel-preserving laparoscopic SPDP between 2004 and 2007. The patency of the splenic vessels was assessed by abdominal computed tomography and classified into three grades according to the degree of stenosis.
Results
Twenty-two patients were included. The preoperative patency of the splenic artery and vein was normal in 20 and 19 patients respectively. Normal patency of the splenic artery and vein was observed in 16 and five patients respectively within 1 month of surgery, and in 19 and nine patients 6 months or more after operation. Nine of ten patients with complete splenic vein occlusion developed a collateral circulation in the late postoperative phase. Splenic perfusion was well preserved in all patients.
Conclusion
Splenic vessel-preserving laparoscopic SPDP has the short-term benefit of good perfusion to the spleen. In the long term, there is a risk of left-sided portal hypertension if the splenic vein becomes occluded after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - H-S Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - K S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
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Kang H, Choi TW, Ahn KS, Lee JY, Ham IH, Choi HY, Shim ES, Sohn NW. Upregulation of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, Th cell-derived cytokines by So-Shi-Ho-Tang (Sho-Saiko-To) occurs at the level of antigen presenting cells, but not CD4 T cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123:6-14. [PMID: 19429332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE So-Shi-Ho-Tang (SSHT) or known as Sho-Saiko-To in Japanese and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang in Chinese has been used to treat chronic liver disease and other infections, and its hepatoprotective effects have been widely studied. AIM OF THE STUDY We tried to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of SSHT on interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 and their Th1/Th2 transcription factors in vivo and in vitro since these two cytokines are important in determining the type of cell-mediated inflammatory and humoral responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS SSHT was orally given to BALB/c mice for 7 days and then injected with anti-CD3 mAb intravenously. IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-2 and Th1/Th2-specific transcription factors as well as splenocyte subsets were measured. Splenocytes and CD4 T cells were cultured with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the presence of SSHT, its constituent herbs and baicalin, and the levels of cytokines and transcription factors were measured by ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS Oral administration of SSHT to mice in response to i.v. anti-CD3 injection enhanced the expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 in the serum and spleen at the secreted protein and mRNA level. This was accompanied by the upregulation of CD69 and CD4 T cell populations by flow cytometry. The upregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by SSHT did not occur in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated CD4 T cells in vitro. However, SSHT was capable of producing the cytokines in anti-CD3 stimulated splenocytes even in the absence of CD28, suggesting a role for some soluble factors produced by antigen presenting cells (APC). In support of this, we found that SSHT increased IL-12 and IL-6 in the same cells. STAT4, but not T-bet, was involved in the upregulation of IFN-gamma by SSHT while the increased IL-4 expression was accompanied by a parallel increase in c-Maf but independent of STAT6 and GATA-3. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the upregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by SSHT must occur through some interactions between APC and CD4 T cells. Taken together, the present data provide additional information on some of the immunological mechanisms of SSHT for treatment of liver diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kang
- Department of Oriental Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, 1 Seochungdong, Yongin, South Korea.
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Lee JH, Lee YH, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Bae H, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Baek NI, Kim DK, Kim SH. Caspase and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways are involved in Solanum lyratum herba induced apoptosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123:121-127. [PMID: 19429350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Solanum lyratum herba (SLH) has been traditionally used for the treatment of febrifuge, diarrhea, eye disease and cancer with little scientific evidences. Thus, in the present study, to elucidate the antitumor mechanism of SLH: in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with hexane fraction of Solanum lyratum herba (HSLH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometric analysis for sub-G1 peaks, Western blot analysis were used with the antibodies of apoptosis related proteins in vitro. In addition, the effect of HSLH on in vivo tumor growth was evaluated in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor model and immunohistochemistry also was performed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in tumor section. RESULTS HSLH exhibited cytotoxicity against LLC cells most effectively among its solvent fractions. Ladder like DNA fragmentation and apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed in HSLH treated LLC cells by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. HSLH also significantly increased sub-G(1) peaks, activated caspase-8, -9 and -3 proteins and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, HSLH increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), transiently activated phospho-JNK (c-jun N-terminal kinase) and downregulated phospho-p38 MAPK. In addition, we have found for the first time HSLH treatment effectively suppressed the in vivo growth of LLC to up to approximately 30% of untreated control at 50mg/kg and significantly increased apoptotic expression in tumor section by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Taken together, these findings strongly demonstrate that hexane fraction of Solanum lyratum herba exerts antitumor activity via caspase activation and MAPK regulation and can be effectively applied to lung cancer as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyuk Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kang H, Myung EJ, Ahn KS, Eom HJ, Han NS, Kim YB, Kim YJ, Sohn NW. Induction of Th1 cytokines by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (KCTC 3100) under Th2-type conditions and the requirement of NF-κB and p38/JNK. Cytokine 2009; 46:283-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JH, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Choi WC, Yoon SW, Ko SG, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Lieske JC, Kim SH. Rhus verniciflua Stokes prevents cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in MDCK-I renal cells and intact mice. Phytomedicine 2009; 16:188-197. [PMID: 19150236 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress can cause liver and kidney damage, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy. Thus, in the present study, since Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) containing flavonoids has antioxidant effects, we investigated whether it can protect cisplatin-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo, The in vitro effects of RVS on the cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated using cisplatin-treated Madin-Darby Canine kidney (MDCK)-I renal cells. Its in vivo effects were also studied in BALB/c mice inoculated with CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin with or without RVS. Liver and renal functions were assessed together with indices of tissue oxidation. RVS prevented cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and ROS release against MDCK-I cells. RVS alone exerted modest antitumor activity against CT-26 cells. When used concurrently with cisplatin, RVS prevented the increases in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and NO, while reducing liver and kidney tissue MDA content, and increasing catalase, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was not altered by concurrent administration of RVS. These findings demonstrate that RVS prevents cisplatin-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo via an antioxidant activity without hurting its antitumor effectiveness, suggesting that RVS can be usefully applied to the neoplastic patients as a combined chemopreventive agent with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ho Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Lee JM, Kim SN, Lee SH, Jun SH, You JH, Ahn KS, Kang H. Erratum: Treatment with SI000413, a New Herbal Formula, Ameliorates Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis [Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31(7): 1337—1342]. Biol Pharm Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hun Park
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Seung-Ha Lee
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Sung-Hoon Jun
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Jae-Hoon You
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kyoo-Seok Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University
| | - Hee Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University
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Abstract
Viruses are the most common cause of opportunistic infections, important complications of transplantation. Mumps infection in renal transplant recipients is uncommon. This report focused on a 23-year-old woman who received immunosuppressive therapy based on tacrolimus, prednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil for renal transplantation. Sixteen months after transplantation, she was admitted with pain and swelling in both infra-auricular areas. Laboratory findings demonstrated positive mumps IgM and IgG antibodies and an increased serum amylase level. Computed tomography revealed both parotid glands to be diffusely enlarged. After the diagnosis of mumps parotitis, the patient's immunosuppression was reduced and the clinical course was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute, Keimyung University, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
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Koo JS, Choi WC, Rhee YH, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Bae HS, Ahn KS, Kang JM, Choi SU, Kim MO, Lu J, Kim SH. Quinoline derivative KB3-1 potentiates paclitaxel induced cytotoxicity and cycle arrest via multidrug resistance reversal in MES-SA/DX5 cancer cells. Life Sci 2008; 83:700-8. [PMID: 18845169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major problem for successful cancer treatment. Multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is characterized by over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the cancer cell plasma membrane that extrudes drugs out of the cells. Therefore, novel MDR reversal agents are desirable for combination therapy to reduce MDR and enhance anti-tumor activity. Thus, the present study was aimed to evaluate the potent efficacy of novel quinoline derivative KB3-1 as a potent MDR-reversing agent for combined therapy with TAX. MAIN METHODS MDR reversing effect and TAX combined therapy were examined by Rhodamine accumulation and efflux assay and Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, TUNEL assay, and cell cycle analysis. KEY FINDINGS The discovery of quinoline-3-carboxylic acid [4-(2-[benzyl-3[-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-amino]-ethyl)-phenyl]-amide (KB3-1) as a novel MDR-reversal agent. KB3-1 significantly enhanced the accumulation and retention of a P-gp substrate, rhodamine-123 in the P-gp-expressing MES-SA/DX5 uterine sarcoma cells but not in the P-gp-negative MES-SA cells at non-toxic concentrations of 1 microM and 3 microM. Similarly, fluorescence microscopy observation revealed that KB3-1 reduced the effluxed rhodamine-123 expression on the membrane of MES-SA/DX5 cells. Consistent with decreased P-gp pumping activity, confocal microscopic observation revealed that KB3-1 effectively diminished the expression of P-gp in paclitaxel (TAX)-treated MES-SA/DX-5 cells. Furthermore, Western blotting confirmed that KB3-1 reduced P-gp expression and enhanced cytochrome C release and Bax expression in TAX treated MES-SA/DX-5 cells. In addition, KB3-1 enhanced TAX-induced apoptotic bodies in MES-SA/DX5 cells by TdT-mediated-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining assay aswell as potentiated TAX- induced cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest and sub-G1 apoptosis in MES-SA/DX5 cells but not in MES-SA cells. Interestingly, KB3-1 at 3 microM had comparable MDR-reversal activity to 10 microM verapamil, a well-known MDR- reversal agent. SIGNIFICANCE KB3-1 can be a MDR-reversal drug candidate for combination chemotherapy with TAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Suk Koo
- Oriental Medical College, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Park JH, Lee JM, Kim SN, Lee SH, Jun SH, You JH, Ahn KS, Kang H. Treatment with SI000413, a new herbal formula, ameliorates murine collagen-induced arthritis. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1337-42. [PMID: 18591771 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effects of SI000413, a new formula, consisting of Pyrolae herba and Trachelospermi caulis, on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunization with bovine type II collagen (CII) on days 1 and 21. SI000413 was orally administered 3 times per week throughout the experiment and indomethacin was served as a positive control. Clinical scores, the count of arthritic legs, levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-CII antibody, and lymphocyte subsets in blood were examined. SI000413 suppressed CIA development in a dose dependent manner and reduced the incidence of arthritic legs in mice. Histological analysis showed administration of SI000413 reduced inflammatory signs and cartilage destruction. Serum levels of IL-6 and anti-CII antibody were significantly decreased in SI000413-treated mice and the percentages of CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell and B cell in blood were restored to normal levels. In conclusion, we demonstrate that SI000413 ameliorates CIA both clinically and histologically and inhibits the production of anti-CII antibody and pro-inflammatory cytokine in the CIA mouse. These findings suggest that SI000413 is a potential new therapeutic herbal formula for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hun Park
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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30
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Park MJ, Kwon HY, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Kim MO, Kim CH, Ahn KS, Kim SH. DMNQ-S17 inhibits constitutive NF-kappaB activation leading to induction of apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 in human myeloid leukemia U937 cells. Life Sci 2008; 83:460-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Yoon SS, Rhee YH, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Lee MH, Ahn KS, Lim HT, Kim SH. Uncoupled protein 3 and p38 signal pathways are involved in anti-obesity activity of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bora Valley. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118:396-404. [PMID: 18579324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study was undertaken to elucidate the anti-obesity mechanism of a new purple potato variety that has been used for the prevention of metabolic diseases as a folk remedy in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proliferation assay, differentiation assay, Western blotting, were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, while blood chemistry for hyperlipidemic parameters, measurement of body weight and abdominal fats, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning were carried out in high fat diet fed Sprague-Dawley rats with ethanol extract of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bora Valley (ESTBV). RESULTS ESTBV significantly inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells as well as reduced the cellular leptin level. ESTBV also significantly attenuated the levels of insulin and leptin at 500mg/kg in high fat diet fed rats. In addition, ESTBV significantly reduced total fat and whole body lipid in a therapeutic experiment, which was confirmed by MRI scanning and also significantly inhibited the retroperitoneal and epididymal fats in a preventive experiment compared with control. Similarly, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced at a lower dose 200mg/kg of ESTBV in a preventive experiment than at 500mg/kg in a therapeutic experiment. Furthermore, body weight gain was significantly suppressed by over 4 weeks treatment of ESTBV compared with control. Interestingly, the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was significantly downregulated in 3T3-L1 cells by ESTBV and the expression of uncoupled protein 3 (UCP-3) was activated in fats and liver tissues of ESTBV treated group compared with high fat diet control. CONCLUSION ESTBV has anti-obesity potential via inhibition of lipid metabolism through p38 MAPK and UCP-3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim KH, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Jang YS, Kim DK, Shim BS, Cho KH, Ko SG, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Blockade of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa mediates the antithrombotic activity of butanol fraction of Actinostemma lobatum Maxim. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 116:431-438. [PMID: 18243609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Actinostemma lobatum Maxim, a wildlife plant of Cucurbitaceae family, has been utilized for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases as a folk remedy in Korea. However, its scientific evidence remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of butanol fraction of Actinostemma lobatum Maxim (BFALM) on the in vitro and in vivo antithrombotic activity and possible mechanisms were elucidated for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS To elucidate the antithrombotic mechanism of BFALM, platelet aggregation assay, coagulation assay, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa assay, thromboxane A(2) assay and in vivo pulmonary thromboembolism experiment were performed. RESULTS BFALM significantly inhibited collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Consistently, oral administration of BFALM resulted in a dose-dependent increase of survival rates of mice with pulmonary thromboembolism induced by intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine. In mechanism assays for the antithrombotic activity of BFALM, BFALM significantly inhibited the fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor in a concentration dependent fashion, as well as reduced the level of thromboxane A(2) at 400microg/ml. Furthermore, BFALM significantly prolonged the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) compared with untreated control. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BFALM may exert antithrombotic activity through inhibition of platelet aggregation via GP IIb/IIIa and thromboxane A(2) pathways, along with anticoagulatory activity through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Park MK, Rhee YH, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Kim KH, Park MJ, Jeon BH, Shim BS, Jung CH, Choi SH, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of indole-3-carbinol in vitro
and in vivo. Phytother Res 2007; 22:58-64. [PMID: 17724769 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol, a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables, is known to have anticancer activity. In the present study, the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of indole-3-carbinol were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Indole-3-carbinol significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma (PRP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Indole-3-carbinol significantly inhibited fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor by flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in collagen stimulated PRP were significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by indole-3-carbinol. Furthermore, indole-3-carbinol dose-dependently suppressed the death of mice with pulmonary thrombosis induced by intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine. These results suggest that indole-3-carbinol can be a potent antithrombotic agent with antiplatelet activity through the inhibition of GP IIb/IIIa receptor and thromboxane B2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Seoul 131-701, Republic of Korea
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Sethi G, Ahn KS, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates nuclear factor-κB through IκBα kinase-independent but EGF receptor-kinase dependent tyrosine 42 phosphorylation of IκBα. Oncogene 2007; 26:7324-32. [PMID: 17533369 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) are frequently encountered in tumor cells. Although EGF has been shown to induce NF-kappaB activation, the mechanism is poorly understood. EGF activated NF-kappaB DNA binding, induced NF-kappaB reporter activity and the expression of antiapoptotic and cell-proliferative gene products. Interestingly, non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (HCC827 and H3255), which exhibit EGFR amplification, showed ligand-independent activation of NF-kappaB. Unlike tumor-necrosis factor (TNF), however, EGF failed to induce IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and ubiquitination and the activation of IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK). Although DN-IKKbeta inhibited TNF-induced NF-kappaB activity, DN-IKKbeta had no effect on EGF-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that EGF-induced NF-kappaB activation is IKK independent. Using dominant-negative plasmids, we also demonstrated the role of TRADD, TRAF2, NIK and Ras in EGF-induced NF-kappaB activation. By using specific antibodies and IkappaBalpha plasmid, which is mutated at tyrosine 42 to phenylalanine, we show that EGF induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at residue 42. Furthermore, EGF receptor kinase inhibitor blocked IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and consequent NF-kappaB activation. Overall, our results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at residue 42 is critical for EGF-induced NF-kappaB activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sethi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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35
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Choi JM, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Kim KH, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Kim NI, Song MC, Baek NI, Kim SH. Identification of campesterol fromChrysanthemum coronarium L. and its antiangiogenic activities. Phytother Res 2007; 21:954-9. [PMID: 17604370 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Campesterol, a plant sterol in nature, is known to have cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Since angiogenesis is essential for cancer, it was surmised that an antiangiogenic effect may be involved in the anticancer action of this compound. This study investigated the effect of campesterol on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and an in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Campesterol isolated from an ethylacetate fraction of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. showed a weak cytotoxicity in non-proliferating HUVECs. Within the non-cytotoxic concentration range, campesterol significantly inhibited the bFGF-induced proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner, while it did not affect the motility of HUVECs. Furthermore, campesterol effectively disrupted the bFGF-induced neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo. Taken together, these results support a potential antiangiogenic action of campesterol via an inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and capillary differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Choi
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 131-701, Republic of Korea
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36
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Lim ES, Rhee YH, Park MK, Shim BS, Ahn KS, Kang H, Yoo HS, Kim SH. DMNQ S-64 Induces Apoptosis via Caspase Activation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Human Nonsmall Lung Cancer Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:7-18. [PMID: 17404012 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin has been reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. 6-(1-propoxyiminoalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxyoxy 1,4-naphtoquinone S-64 (DMNQ S-64) was synthesized as a shikonin derivative. In this article, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of DMNQ S-64 was examined. DMNQ S-64 exerted cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells with IC(50) of 27.3 microM. Apoptotic bodies were observed in DMNQ S-64-treated A549 cells by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay. DMNQ S-64 also increased sub-G1 DNA portion in a concentration-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that DMNQ S-64 effectively activates the expression of caspase 8, 9, and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, cytochrome c was released in a concentration-dependent manner by DMNQ S-64. Similarly, DMNQ S-64 significantly increased caspase 3 activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It also significantly inhibited the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) by ELISA and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, DMNQ S-64 may exhibit cytotoxicity against A549 cells via caspase activation and COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Soo Lim
- O.Lab of Angiogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea
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Lee EO, Lee HJ, Hwang HS, Ahn KS, Chae C, Kang KS, Lu J, Kim SH. Potent inhibition of Lewis lung cancer growth by heyneanol A from the roots of Vitis amurensis through apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:2059-69. [PMID: 16675471 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis amurensis Rupr. (Vitaceae) has long been used in Chinese/Oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, but its active compounds and mechanisms of action have not been well studied. To this end, we isolated from its root heyneanol A (HA), which is a tetramer of resveratrol (RES), and established the in vivo antitumor activity of HA using the mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model. We administered HA and RES by daily intraperitonial injection to C57BL/6 mice that were subcutaneously inoculated with LLC cells. HA dose-dependently decreased tumor growth without any adverse effect on body weight and seemed more potent than RES. The tumor inhibitory effects were accompanied by a marked increase in tumor cell apoptosis detected by cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL assays and decreased tumor cell proliferation index and tumor microvessel density, supporting the involvement of apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities in the anticancer effects. We next investigated the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis effects using cell culture models. Mechanistically, treatment of LLC cells in vitro with HA or RES significantly increased apoptotic cells. Both HA- and RES-induced cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and PARP were completely blocked by a pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. In addition, HA and RES suppressed the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation and capillary differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and inhibited the binding of bFGF to its receptor in a test tube assay and the bFGF-induced vascularization of Matrigel plugs in vivo. Remarkably, HA was fairly stable in cell culture medium and did not undergo intracellular conversion to RES. Therefore, HA is an active anticancer compound that induces caspase-mediated cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis rivaling the potency of RES and merits further evaluation for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Kiheungeup, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Curcumin has become a focus of interest with regard to its antitumor effects in prostate cancer; however, the effects of this agent on invasion and metastasis remain less well understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) invasion in both in vitro and in vivo. We utilized zymography and ELISA in order to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Matrigel invasion assay was performed to assess cellular invasion. We developed a xenograft model to examine tumorigenicity. Curcumin treatment resulted not only in a significant reduction in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, but also effected the inhibition of invasive ability in vitro. Curcumin was shown to induce a marked reduction of tumor volume, MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity in the tumor-bearing site. The metastatic nodules in vivo were significantly fewer in the curcumin-treated group than untreated group. Curcumin appears to constitute a potential agent for the prevention of cancer progression, or at least of the initial phase of metastasis, in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee EO, Lee JR, Kim KH, Baek NI, Lee SJ, Lee BH, Cho KD, Ahn KS, Kim SH. The Methylene Chloride Fraction of Trichosanthis Fructus Induces Apoptosis in U937 Cells through the Mitochondrial Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:21-5. [PMID: 16394503 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichosanthis kirilowii MAXIM has been used as a folk remedy to treat diabetes, leukemia, and breast cancer. In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of the methylene chloride fraction of Trichosanthis Fructus (MCTF) was investigated in human leukemic U937 cells. MCTF exhibited antiproliferative effectsagainst U937 cells (IC50=ca. 8 microg/ml). Apoptotic bodies were observed in MCTF-treated U937 cells in the TUNEL assay. We also confirmed that MCTF significantly increases annexin V(+)/propidium iodide-cells using FACS analysis. MCTF treatment activated caspase-8, -9 and -3, and led to cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and release of cytochrome c into cytosol in a concentration-dependent manner, while MCTF did not affect Bax or Bcl-2 protein levels as shown by Western blot analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that MCTF can induce apoptosis in U937 cells chiefly via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway and suggest that Trichosanthis Fructus can be used in cancer treatment as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Lee
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S, Takada Y, Jackson-Bernitsas D, Ahn KS, Sethi G, Ichikawa H. TNF blockade: an inflammatory issue. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2006:161-86. [PMID: 16331857 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-37673-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), initially discovered as a result of its antitumor activity, has now been shown to mediate tumor initiation, promotion, and metastasis. In addition, dysregulation of TNF has been implicated in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, scleroderma, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, and autoimmune deficiency disease. TNF, however, is a critical component of effective immune surveillance and is required for proper proliferation and function of NK cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. TNF activity can be blocked, either by using antibodies (Remicade and Humira) or soluble TNF receptor (Enbrel), for the symptoms of arthritis and Crohn's disease to be alleviated, but at the same time, such treatment increases the risk of infections, certain type of cancers, and cardiotoxicity. Thus blockers of TNF that are safe and yet efficacious are urgently needed. Some evidence suggests that while the transmembrane form of TNF has beneficial effects, soluble TNF mediates toxicity. In most cells, TNF mediates its effects through activation of caspases, NF-kappaB, AP-1, c-jun N-terminal kinase, p38 MAPK, and p44/p42 MAPK. Agents that can differentially regulate TNF expression or TNF signaling can be pharmacologically safe and effective therapeutics. Our laboratory has identified numerous such agents from natural sources. These are discussed further in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Hospital 77030, USA.
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Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Lim ES, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Kim HM, Gong SJ, Kim DK, Kim SH. Cambodian Phellinus linteus inhibits experimental metastasis of melanoma cells in mice via regulation of urokinase type plasminogen activator. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:27-31. [PMID: 15635158 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (PL) is a fungus mainly found in tropical America, Africa and Asian countries including Korea, Japan and China. PL has been traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis, liver damage and cancer. However, little was known on the biological activity and characterization of Phellinus species in Cambodia. Thus, in the present study, the anti-metastatic mechanism of aqueous extract of Cambodian Phellinus linteus (CPL) was evaluated. Cambodian mushroom was identified as a Phellinus species with 99% homology of Phellinus linteus by DNA sequence analysis and comparison by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. CPL did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against B16BL6 cells, invasive melanoma cells at 1 mg/ml. However, CPL inhibited platelet aggregation induced by B16BL6 cells and also disrupted the adhesion to gelatin and invasion of B16BL6 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Similarly, CPL dose-dependently inhibited the pulmonary metastatic colonies in C57BL/6 mice intravenously injected by B16BL6 cells up to 55.5% at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared with untreated control. CPL also down-regulated the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), one of key proteins associated with invasion and metastasis of tumor cells in a concentration dependent fashion, while CPL didn't significantly affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Taken together, these findings indicate that Cambodian Phellinus linteus may inhibit metastasis at least partly via regulation of uPA associated with tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) and also suggest a further study for isolation of active ingredients and the involvement of adhesion molecule signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Shim BS, Koh BH, Ahn KS. Education in Oriental Medicine in Kyung Hee University. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2004; 1:331-334. [PMID: 15841268 PMCID: PMC538521 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung-Hee Koh
- For reprints and all correspondence: Byung-Hee Koh, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cha HS, Ahn KS, Jeon CH, Kim J, Koh EM. Inhibitory effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on the production of matrix metalloproteinases in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatol Int 2004; 24:207-11. [PMID: 12898179 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-003-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2002] [Accepted: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 has been associated with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its role in joint destruction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect on cultured rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play an important role in tissue degradation and angiogenesis in rheumatoid synovium. Treatment with nontoxic doses of celecoxib resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of MMP-1, -2, and -3 secretion from FLS when measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Celecoxib suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta) induced augmentation of the gelatinolytic activity on zymography. These results suggest that COX-2 inhibitors might influence matrix degradation or angiogenesis in RA by downregulating the expression of various MMPs in rheumatoid FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cha
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
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Huh JE, Kang KS, Chae C, Kim HM, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Roles of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways during cantharidin-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1811-8. [PMID: 15130758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is an active compound from blister beetles traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. It is known to exert its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its signaling pathway still remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the roles of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the tumor suppressor gene, p53, during cantharidin-induced apoptosis in U937 human leukemic cells. Cantharidin effectively activated ERK-1/2, p38 and JNK in U937 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cantharidin also exhibited a strong cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in U937 cells. For the evaluation of the role of MAPKs, PD98059, SB202190 and SP600125 were used as MAPK inhibitors for ERK-1/2, p38 and JNK. PD98059 did not affect cantharidin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, whereas SB202190 and SP600125 significantly interfered with cytotoxic and apoptotic activities induced by cantharidin. Cantharidin alone induced the apoptosis by phosphorylation of p53, up-regulation of downstream target genes, MDM2 and p21 and also cleaved caspase-3, whereas SB202190 and SP600125 caused the down-regulation of p53, MDM-2, p21 and cleaved caspase-3 after a co-treatment with cantharidin. Similarly, SB202190 and SP600125 significantly disturbed the caspase-3 activity after a co-treatment with cantharidin by colorimetric assay. Taken together, these results suggest that cantharidin can induce apoptosis by activation of p38 and JNK MAP kinase pathways associated with p53 and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
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Lee EO, Kwon BM, Song GY, Chae CH, Kim HM, Shim IS, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Heyneanol A induces apoptosis via cytochrome c release and caspase activation in human leukemic U937 cells. Life Sci 2004; 74:2313-26. [PMID: 14987955 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 10/06/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heyneanol A, a tetramer of resveratrol, is isolated from the roots of Vitis amurensis by cytotoxicity based fractionation. In this study, the mechanism of apoptosis by heyneanol A was evaluated in human leukemic U937 cells. Heyneanol A (IC(50) = 6.6 microM at 24 h) exhibited stronger cytotoxic effect than resveratrol (IC(50) = 100 microM at 24 h) by 15-fold on human leukemic U937 cells by XTT assay. Apoptotic bodies were observed in U937 cells treated with 6 microM of heyneanol A by TUNEL assay. Heyneanol A effectively increased the portion of sub-G(1) DNA content in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. Heyneanol A also induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol and subsequent caspase activation involving caspase 9 and 3 to cleave PARP. However, it did not affect the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 by western blotting. It was confirmed that the activation of caspase 8, 9 and 3 and the cleavage of PARP by heyneanol A were completely blocked by adding Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. These findings suggest that heyneanol A has anti-tumor activity, which may be mediated by apoptosis caused by cytochrome c release and caspase activation in human leukemic U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Lee
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochunri, Kiheungeup, Yongin 449-701, South Korea.
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Kim SH, Kim SA, Park MK, Kim SH, Park YD, Na HJ, Kim HM, Shin MK, Ahn KS. Paeonol inhibits anaphylactic reaction by regulating histamine and TNF-α. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:279-87. [PMID: 14996419 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol, a major phenolic component of Moutan Cortex, was known to have antiaggregatory, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. In the present study, we tried to elucidate the effects of paeonol on anaphylactic reaction and its mode of action. Paeonol significantly inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) treated with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator. The release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mast cell activating cytokine was significantly suppressed in RBL-2H3 mast cells pretreated with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a dose-dependent manner. Paeonol significantly inhibited IgE production in B cells activated by anti-CD40 mAb, recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) and recombinant histamine releasing factor (rHRF). Paeonol effectively downregulated the expression of IL-4 in the activated B cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also confirmed that paeonol effectively inhibited anaphylactic shock in mice by 90% at a dose of 0.5 mg/mouse versus PBS treated control 2 h after the i.p. injection of compound 48/80. These results suggest that paeonol has antianaphylatic activity by regulating histamine and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, KyungHee University, 1 Seochunri Kiheungeup, Yoingin 449-701, South Korea.
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Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), is a popular herbal medicine used to treat allergic diseases in Korea, Japan and China. Our study examined the effect of an AR ethanol extract on both in vitro and in vivo murine CD4 T cells' differentiation into Th1 and Th2 subsets. CD4 T cells from Balb/c mice were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb in the presence of AR for 2 d. AR treated cells showed an elevated level of IL-4 but a reduced level of IFN-gamma secretion. In addition, in vitro Th1/Th2 polarization experiments revealed that AR enhanced the levels of IL-4 in Th2 cells but reduced the levels of IFN-gamma in Th1 cells. To elucidate the effects of AR in Th1/Th2 lineage development during the in vivo condition, AR was administrated orally to BALB/c mice. The results demonstrated that AR administration significantly increased IL-4 production in both the serum and supernatant of splenocyte culture, while IFN-gamma secretion was diminished upon in vivo activation with anti-CD3 antibody. Our data clearly indicates that AR selectively alters Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion patterns and provides the pharmacological basis for AR's clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeong HJ, Chung HS, An HJ, Seo SW, Kim TG, Won JH, Shin JY, Ahn KS, Kim HM. The Immune-Enhancing Effect of the Herbal Combination Bouum-Myunyuk-Dan. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:29-33. [PMID: 14709894 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The herbal formulation Bouum-Myunyuk-Dan (BMD) has long been used for various diseases. It has been shown to have antimicrobial and anti viral activity clinically. However, it is still unclear how BMD exerts these effects in experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effect of BMD on the production of cytokines in a human T cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and in mouse peritoneal macrophages. As a result, BMD significantly increased the viability and proliferation of splenocytes (p<0.05) and also significantly increased interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 production compared with media control (about 2.7-fold for IL-2 and 6.7-fold for IL-4, p<0.05) after 24 h. BMD increased the interferon (IFN)-gamma production by 3.7-fold but there were no significant differences compared with controls. Maximal effective concentrations of BMD were 1 mg/ml for IL-2 and IL-4 and 0.1 mg/ml for IFN-gamma. In addition, BMD (0.01 mg/ml) increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12 in mouse peritoneal macrophages (by 2.7-fold for TNF-alpha and 42.5-fold for IL-12, p<0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that BMD may have an immune-enhancing effect through the production of various cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Huh JE, Kang KS, Ahn KS, Kim DH, Saiki I, Kim SH. Mylabris phalerlata induces apoptosis by caspase activation following cytochrome c release and Bid cleavage. Life Sci 2003; 73:2249-62. [PMID: 12927594 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mylabris phalerata (MP) is an insect that has been used for the treatment of cancer in oriental medicine. In the present study, the butanol (BuOH) fraction of MP (BFMP) was examined to determine whether it can exert anti-cancer activity through an apoptotic pathway with little toxicity. BFMP was found to have a specific cytotoxic effect on human monocytic leukemic U937 cells (IC(50) = 140 microg/ml) rather than on peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML, IC(50) = over 500 microg/ml). BFMP also induced the morphological changes of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, cell shrinking and DNA fragmentation at a concentration of 31.25 microg/ml. In addition, BFMP significantly increased the portion of apoptotic annexin-V positive cells in a dose-dependent manner, and effectively activated caspases (cysteine aspartase) cascade involving caspases 8, 9 and 3. BFMP also effectively cleaved Bid, a death agonist member of the Bcl-2 family and (poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase) (PARP) and induced the subsequent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. However, it did not affect Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Taken together, these data suggest that the BuOH extract of Mylabris phalerata can induce apoptosis in U937 cells by caspase cascade activation in conjunction with cytochrome c release, induced by a product of Bid. Therefore, we conclude that BFMP has anti-cancer activity, which is achieved through apoptosis and is associated with little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, KyungHee University, 1 Seochunri, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
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Cha HS, Ahn KS, Jeon CH, Kim J, Song YW, Koh EM. Influence of hypoxia on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21:593-8. [PMID: 14611107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rheumatoid synovium is a hypoxic environment, and hypoxia has been implicated as a factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Synovial fibroblasts obtained from RA patients were cultured for 48 h under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Assays included western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MMP-1, -3 and TIMP-1, and northern blot analysis to measure TIMP-1 mRNA levels. RESULTS Compared with normoxic culture, hypoxia increased MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Hypoxia decreased TIMP-1 expression in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, as measured by both protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia, may directly contribute to joint destruction in RA by increasing the ratio of MMP-1, -3 to TIMP-1 production in synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cha
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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