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Pakharukova N, McKenna S, Tuittila M, Paavilainen S, Malmi H, Xu Y, Parilova O, Matthews S, Zavialov AV. Archaic and alternative chaperones preserve pilin folding energy by providing incomplete structural information. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17070-17080. [PMID: 30228191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive pili are external component of fibrous adhesive organelles and help bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces. The biogenesis of adhesive pili via the chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) is independent of external energy sources. In the classical CUP, chaperones transport assembly-competent pilins in a folded but expanded conformation. During donor-strand exchange, pilins subsequently collapse, producing a tightly packed hydrophobic core and releasing the necessary free energy to drive fiber formation. Here, we show that pilus biogenesis in non-classical, archaic, and alternative CUPs uses a different source of conformational energy. High-resolution structures of the archaic Csu-pili system from Acinetobacter baumannii revealed that non-classical chaperones employ a short donor strand motif that is insufficient to fully complement the pilin fold. This results in chaperone-bound pilins being trapped in a substantially unfolded intermediate. The exchange of this short motif with the longer donor strand from adjacent pilin provides the full steric information essential for folding, and thereby induces a large unfolded-to-folded conformational transition to drive assembly. Our findings may inform the development of anti-adhesion drugs (pilicides) to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pakharukova
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
| | - Sophie McKenna
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Minna Tuittila
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
| | - Sari Paavilainen
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
| | - Henri Malmi
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
| | - Yingqi Xu
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Parilova
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
| | - Steve Matthews
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anton V Zavialov
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory (JBL), Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku FIN-20500, Finland and
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152
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Bernal-Mercado AT, Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Islas-Osuna MA, Mata-Haro V, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Lopez-Zavala AA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Comparison of Single and Combined Use of Catechin, Protocatechuic, and Vanillic Acids as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli at Planktonic and Biofilm Levels. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112813. [PMID: 30380712 PMCID: PMC6278301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids against planktonic growing, adhesion, and biofilm eradication of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), as well as antioxidant agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of protocatechuic, vanillic acids and catechin against the growth of planktonic bacteria were 12.98, 11.80, and 13.78 mM, respectively. Mixing 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin resulted in a synergistic effect acting as an MIC. Similarly, the minimum concentrations of phenolic compounds to prevent UPEC adhesion and biofilm formation (MBIC) were 11.03 and 7.13 mM of protocatechuic and vanillic acids, respectively, whereas no MBIC of catechin was found. However, combinations of 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin showed a synergistic effect acting as MBIC. On the other hand, the minimum concentrations to eradicate biofilms (MBEC) were 25.95 and 23.78 mM, respectively. The combination of 3.20 mM protocatechuic acid, 2.97 mM vanillic acid, and 1.72 mM catechin eradicated pre-formed biofilms. The antioxidant capacity of the combination of phenolics was higher than the expected theoretical values, indicating synergism by the DPPH•, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Effective concentrations of catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids were reduced from 8 to 1378 times when combined. In contrast, the antibiotic nitrofurantoin was not effective in eradicating biofilms from silicone surfaces. In conclusion, the mixture of phenolic compounds was more effective in preventing cell adhesion and eradicating pre-formed biofilms of uropathogenic E. coli than single compounds and nitrofurantoin, and showed antioxidant synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Thalia Bernal-Mercado
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | | | - Melvin R Tapia-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Maria A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Veronica Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
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153
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Padra M, Adamczyk B, Benktander J, Flahou B, Skoog EC, Padra JT, Smet A, Jin C, Ducatelle R, Samuelsson T, Haesebrouck F, Karlsson NG, Teneberg S, Lindén SK. Helicobacter suis binding to carbohydrates on human and porcine gastric mucins and glycolipids occurs via two modes. Virulence 2018; 9:898-918. [PMID: 29638186 PMCID: PMC5955484 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1460979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter suis colonizes the stomach of most pigs and is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species found in the human stomach. In the human host, H. suis contributes to the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma, whereas in pigs it is associated with gastritis, decreased growth and ulcers. Here, we demonstrate that the level of H. pylori and H. suis binding to human and pig gastric mucins varies between individuals with species dependent specificity. The binding optimum of H. pylori is at neutral pH whereas that of H. suis has an acidic pH optimum, and the mucins that H. pylori bind to are different than those that H. suis bind to. Mass spectrometric analysis of mucin O-glycans from the porcine mucin showed that individual variation in binding is reflected by a difference in glycosylation; of 109 oligosaccharide structures identified, only 14 were present in all examined samples. H. suis binding to mucins correlated with glycans containing sulfate, sialic acid and terminal galactose. Among the glycolipids present in pig stomach, binding to lactotetraosylceramide (Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) was identified, and adhesion to Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glc at both acidic and neutral pH was confirmed using other glycoconjugates. Together with that H. suis bound to DNA (used as a proxy for acidic charge), we conclude that H. suis has two binding modes: one to glycans terminating with Galβ3GlcNAc, and one to negatively charged structures. Identification of the glycan structures H. suis interacts with can contribute to development of therapeutic strategies alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médea Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Bram Flahou
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Emma C Skoog
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - János Tamás Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annemieke Smet
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium.,c Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Antwerp
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Tore Samuelsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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154
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Hollenbeck EC, Antonoplis A, Chai C, Thongsomboon W, Fuller GG, Cegelski L. Phosphoethanolamine cellulose enhances curli-mediated adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to bladder epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10106-10111. [PMID: 30232265 PMCID: PMC6176564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801564115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major causative agents of urinary tract infections, employing numerous molecular strategies to contribute to adhesion, colonization, and persistence in the bladder niche. Identifying strategies to prevent adhesion and colonization is a promising approach to inhibit bacterial pathogenesis and to help preserve the efficacy of available antibiotics. This approach requires an improved understanding of the molecular determinants of adhesion to the bladder urothelium. We designed experiments using a custom-built live cell monolayer rheometer (LCMR) to quantitatively measure individual and combined contributions of bacterial cell surface structures [type 1 pili, curli, and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) cellulose] to bladder cell adhesion. Using the UPEC strain UTI89, isogenic mutants, and controlled conditions for the differential production of cell surface structures, we discovered that curli can promote stronger adhesive interactions with bladder cells than type 1 pili. Moreover, the coproduction of curli and pEtN cellulose enhanced adhesion. The LCMR enables the evaluation of adhesion under high-shear conditions to reveal this role for pEtN cellulose which escaped detection using conventional tissue culture adhesion assays. Together with complementary biochemical experiments, the results support a model wherein cellulose serves a mortar-like function to promote curli association with and around the bacterial cell surface, resulting in increased bacterial adhesion strength at the bladder cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Hollenbeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Chew Chai
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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155
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Sullivan MJ, Ulett GC. Stable Expression of Modified Green Fluorescent Protein in Group B Streptococci To Enable Visualization in Experimental Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01262-18. [PMID: 30006391 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01262-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium associated with various diseases in humans and animals. Many studies have examined GBS physiology, virulence, and microbe-host interactions using diverse imaging approaches, including fluorescence microscopy. Strategies to label and visualize GBS using fluorescence biomarkers have been limited to antibody-based methods or nonspecific stains that bind DNA or protein; an effective plasmid-based system to label GBS with a fluorescence biomarker would represent a useful visualization tool. In this study, we developed and validated a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-variant-expressing plasmid, pGU2664, which can be applied as a marker to visualize GBS in experimental studies. The synthetic constitutively active CP25 promoter drives strong and stable expression of the GFPmut3 biomarker in GBS strains carrying pGU2664. GBS maintains GFPmut3 activity at different phases of growth. The application of fluorescence polarization enables easy discrimination of GBS GFPmut3 activity from the autofluorescence of culture media commonly used to grow GBS. Differential interference contrast microscopy, in combination with epifluorescence microscopy to detect GFPmut3 in GBS, enabled visualization of bacterial attachment to live human epithelial cells in real time. Plasmid pGU2664 was also used to visualize phenotypic differences in the adherence of wild-type GBS and an isogenic gene-deficient mutant strain lacking CovR (the control of virulence regulator) in adhesion assays. The system for GFPmut3 expression in GBS described in this study provides a new tool for the visualization of this organism in diverse research applications. We discuss the advantages and consider the limitations of this fluorescent biomarker system developed for GBS.IMPORTANCE Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a bacterium associated with various diseases in humans and animals. This study describes the development of a strategy to label and visualize GBS using a fluorescence biomarker, termed GFPmut3. We show that this biomarker can be successfully applied to track the growth of bacteria in liquid medium, and it enables the detailed visualization of GBS in the context of live human cells in real-time microscopic analysis. The system for GFPmut3 expression in GBS described in this study provides a new tool for the visualization of this organism in diverse research applications.
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156
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Hazra JP, Arora N, Sagar A, Srinivasan S, Chaudhuri A, Rakshit S. Force-activated catalytic pathway accelerates bacterial adhesion against flow. Biochem J 2018; 475:2611-20. [PMID: 29967066 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical cues often influence the factors affecting the transition states of catalytic reactions and alter the activation pathway. However, tracking the real-time dynamics of such activation pathways is limited. Using single-molecule trapping of reaction intermediates, we developed a method that enabled us to perform one reaction at one site and simultaneously study the real-time dynamics of the catalytic pathway. Using this, we showed single-molecule calligraphy at nanometer resolution and deciphered the mechanism of the sortase A enzymatic reaction that, counter-intuitively, accelerates bacterial adhesion under shear tension. Our method captured a force-induced dissociation of the enzyme-substrate bond that accelerates the forward reaction 100×, proposing a new mechano-activated catalytic pathway. In corroboration, our molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of force identified a force-induced conformational switch in the enzyme that accelerates proton transfer between CYS184 (acceptor) and HIS120 (donor) catalytic dyads by reducing the inter-residue distances. Overall, the present study opens up the possibility of studying the influence of factors affecting transition states in real time and paves the way for the rational design of enzymes with enhanced efficiency.
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157
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Klychnikov OI, Shamorkina TM, Weeks SD, van Leeuwen HC, Corver J, Drijfhout JW, van Veelen PA, Sluchanko NN, Strelkov SV, Hensbergen PJ. Discovery of a new Pro-Pro endopeptidase, PPEP-2, provides mechanistic insights into the differences in substrate specificity within the PPEP family. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11154-11165. [PMID: 29794027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-Pro endopeptidases (PPEPs) belong to a recently discovered family of proteases capable of hydrolyzing a Pro-Pro bond. The first member from the bacterial pathogen Clostridium difficile (PPEP-1) cleaves two C. difficile cell-surface proteins involved in adhesion, one of which is encoded by the gene adjacent to the ppep-1 gene. However, related PPEPs may exist in other bacteria and may shed light on substrate specificity in this enzyme family. Here, we report on the homolog of PPEP-1 in Paenibacillus alvei, which we denoted PPEP-2. We found that PPEP-2 is a secreted metalloprotease, which likewise cleaved a cell-surface protein encoded by an adjacent gene. However, the cleavage motif of PPEP-2, PLP↓PVP, is distinct from that of PPEP-1 (VNP↓PVP). As a result, an optimal substrate peptide for PPEP-2 was not cleaved by PPEP-1 and vice versa. To gain insight into the specificity mechanism of PPEP-2, we determined its crystal structure at 1.75 Å resolution and further confirmed the structure in solution using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We show that a four-amino-acid loop, which is distinct in PPEP-1 and -2 (GGST in PPEP-1 and SERV in PPEP-2), plays a crucial role in substrate specificity. A PPEP-2 variant, in which the four loop residues had been swapped for those from PPEP-1, displayed a shift in substrate specificity toward PPEP-1 substrates. Our results provide detailed insights into the PPEP-2 structure and the structural determinants of substrate specificity in this new family of PPEP proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Klychnikov
- From the Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen D Weeks
- From the Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan W Drijfhout
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- the A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia, and.,the Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V Strelkov
- From the Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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158
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Sharma A, Dubey V, Sharma R, Devnath K, Gupta VK, Akhter J, Bhando T, Verma A, Ambatipudi K, Sarkar M, Pathania R. The unusual glycine-rich C terminus of the Acinetobacter baumannii RNA chaperone Hfq plays an important role in bacterial physiology. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13377-13388. [PMID: 30002121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that causes soft tissue infections in patients who spend a long time in intensive care units. This recalcitrant bacterium is very well known for developing rapid drug resistance, which is a combined outcome of its natural competence and mobile genetic elements. Successful efforts to treat these infections would be aided by additional information on the physiology of A. baumannii Toward that end, we recently reported on a small RNA (sRNA), AbsR25, in this bacterium that regulates the genes of several efflux pumps. Because sRNAs often require the RNA chaperone Hfq for assistance in binding to their cognate mRNA targets, we identified and characterized this protein in A. baumannii The homolog in A. baumannii is a large protein with an extended C terminus unlike Hfqs in other Gram-negative pathogens. The extension has a compositional bias toward glycine and, to a lower extent, phenylalanine and glutamine, suggestive of an intrinsically disordered region. We studied the importance of this glycine-rich tail using truncated versions of Hfq in biophysical assays and complementation of an hfq deletion mutant, finding that the tail was necessary for high-affinity RNA binding. Further tests implicate Hfq in important cellular processes of A. baumannii like metabolism, drug resistance, stress tolerance, and virulence. Our findings underline the importance of the glycine-rich C terminus in RNA binding, ribo-regulation, and auto-regulation of Hfq, demonstrating this hitherto overlooked protein motif to be an indispensable part of the A. baumannii Hfq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atin Sharma
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Vineet Dubey
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Rajnikant Sharma
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Kuldip Devnath
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Jawed Akhter
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Timsy Bhando
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Aparna Verma
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- the Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-Bareilly (UP) 243122, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India and
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159
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Van Gerven N, Van der Verren SE, Reiter DM, Remaut H. The Role of Functional Amyloids in Bacterial Virulence. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3657-3684. [PMID: 30009771 PMCID: PMC6173799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are best known as a product of human and animal protein misfolding disorders, where amyloid formation is associated with cytotoxicity and disease. It is now evident that for some proteins, the amyloid state constitutes the native structure and serves a functional role. These functional amyloids are proving widespread in bacteria and fungi, fulfilling diverse functions as structural components in biofilms or spore coats, as toxins and surface-active fibers, as epigenetic material, peptide reservoirs or adhesins mediating binding to and internalization into host cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of functional amyloids in bacterial pathogenesis. The role of functional amyloids as virulence factor is diverse but mostly indirect. Nevertheless, functional amyloid pathways deserve consideration for the acute and long-term effects of the infectious disease process and may form valid antimicrobial targets. Functional amyloids are widespread in bacteria, pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Bacterial biofilms most commonly function as structural support in the extracellular matrix of biofilms or spore coats, and in cell–cell and cell-surface adherence. The amyloid state can be the sole structured and functional state, or can be facultative, as a secondary state to folded monomeric subunits. Bacterial amyloids can enhance virulence by increasing persistence, cell adherence and invasion, intracellular survival, and pathogen spread by increased environmental survival. Bacterial amyloids may indirectly inflict disease by triggering inflammation, contact phase activation and possibly induce or aggravate human pathological aggregation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Van Gerven
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander E Van der Verren
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Reiter
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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160
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Xu D, Liao C, Zhang B, Tolbert WD, He W, Dai Z, Zhang W, Yuan W, Pazgier M, Liu J, Yu J, Sansonetti PJ, Bevins CL, Shao Y, Lu W. Human Enteric α-Defensin 5 Promotes Shigella Infection by Enhancing Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion. Immunity 2018; 48:1233-1244.e6. [PMID: 29858013 PMCID: PMC6051418 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery worldwide. It invades the intestinal epithelium to elicit intense inflammation and tissue damage, yet the underlying mechanisms of its host selectivity and low infectious inoculum remain perplexing. Here, we report that Shigella co-opts human α-defensin 5 (HD5), a host defense peptide important for intestinal homeostasis and innate immunity, to enhance its adhesion to and invasion of mucosal tissues. HD5 promoted Shigella infection in vitro in a structure-dependent manner. Shigella, commonly devoid of an effective host-adhesion apparatus, preferentially targeted HD5 to augment its ability to colonize the intestinal epithelium through interactions with multiple bacterial membrane proteins. HD5 exacerbated infectivity and Shigella-induced pathology in a culture of human colorectal tissues and three animal models. Our findings illuminate how Shigella exploits innate immunity by turning HD5 into a virulence factor for infection, unveiling a mechanism of action for this highly proficient human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - W. David Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wangxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhijun Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Charles L. Bevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yongping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University,Correspondence to: (lead contact) or
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Correspondence to: (lead contact) or
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161
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Geoghegan JA, Dufrêne YF. Mechanomicrobiology: How Mechanical Forces Activate Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:645-8. [PMID: 29866473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During colonization of biomaterials and host tissues, surface-attached bacteria are subjected to mechanical stresses, including hydrodynamic flow and cell-surface contacts. Two publications show that mechanical force activates the adhesive function of Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins, thereby providing the pathogen with a means to withstand high shear stress during colonization.
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162
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Moonens K, Hamway Y, Neddermann M, Reschke M, Tegtmeyer N, Kruse T, Kammerer R, Mejías-Luque R, Singer BB, Backert S, Gerhard M, Remaut H. Helicobacter pylori adhesin HopQ disrupts trans dimerization in human CEACAMs. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798665. [PMID: 29858229 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a major causative agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. As part of its adhesive lifestyle, the bacterium targets members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family by the conserved outer membrane adhesin HopQ. The HopQ-CEACAM1 interaction is associated with inflammatory responses and enables the intracellular delivery and phosphorylation of the CagA oncoprotein via a yet unknown mechanism. Here, we generated crystal structures of HopQ isotypes I and II bound to the N-terminal domain of human CEACAM1 (C1ND) and elucidated the structural basis of H. pylori specificity toward human CEACAM receptors. Both HopQ alleles target the β-strands G, F, and C of C1ND, which form the trans dimerization interface in homo- and heterophilic CEACAM interactions. Using SAXS, we show that the HopQ ectodomain is sufficient to induce C1ND monomerization and thus providing H. pylori a route to influence CEACAM-mediated cell adherence and signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youssef Hamway
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Neddermann
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Reschke
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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163
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Ringot-Destrez B, D'Alessandro Z, Lacroix JM, Mercier-Bonin M, Léonard R, Robbe-Masselot C. A Sensitive and Rapid Method to Determin the Adhesion Capacity of Probiotics and Pathogenic Microorganisms to Human Gastrointestinal Mucins. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E49. [PMID: 29844291 PMCID: PMC6027390 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is the habitat for the microorganisms, bacteria and yeast that form the commensal flora. Mucins, the main macromolecules of mucus, and more specifically, the glycans that cover them, play essential roles in microbial gastrointestinal colonization. Probiotics and pathogens must also colonize mucus to have lasting positive or deleterious effects. The question of which mucin-harboured glycan motifs favour the adhesion of specific microorganisms remains very poorly studied. In the current study, a simple test based on the detection of fluorescent-labeled microorganisms raised against microgram amounts of mucins spotted on nitrocellulose was developed. The adhesion of various probiotic, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated on a panel of human purified gastrointestinal mucins and compared with that of commercially available pig gastric mucins (PGM) and of mucins secreted by the colonic cancer cell line HT29-MTX. The latter two proved to be very poor indicators of adhesion capacity on intestinal mucins. Our results show that the nature of the sialylated cores of O-glycans, determined by MALDI MS-MS analysis, potentially enables sialic acid residues to modulate the adhesion of microorganisms either positively or negatively. Other identified factors affecting the adhesion propensity were O-glycan core types and the presence of blood group motifs. This test should help to select probiotics with enhanced adhesion capabilities as well as deciphering the role of specific mucin glycotopes on microbial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bélinda Ringot-Destrez
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Zéa D'Alessandro
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lacroix
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Renaud Léonard
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus CNRS de la Haute Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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164
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Gennari O, Marchesano V, Rega R, Mecozzi L, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Coppola R, Masucci L, Mazzon E, Bramanti A, Ferraro P, Grilli S. Pyroelectric Effect Enables Simple and Rapid Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15467-15476. [PMID: 29676891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are detrimental to human life and industrial processes due to potential infections, contaminations, and deterioration. Therefore, the evaluation of microbial capability to form biofilms is of fundamental importance for assessing how different environmental factors may affect their vitality. Nowadays, the approaches used for biofilm evaluation are still poor in reliability and rapidity and often provide contradictory results. Here, we present what we call biofilm electrostatic test (BET) as a simple, rapid, and highly reproducible tool for evaluating in vitro the ability of bacteria to form biofilms through electrostatic interaction with a pyroelectrified carrier. The results show how the BET is able to produce viable biofilms with a density 6-fold higher than that on the control, after just 2 h incubation. The BET could pave the way to a rapid standardization of the evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms. In fact, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it is well suited for a rapid and easy implementation in a microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gennari
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - V Marchesano
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - R Rega
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - L Mecozzi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - F Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - F Fratianni
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - R Coppola
- DIAA-University of Molise , Via de Sanctis, snc , 86100 Campobasso , Italy
| | - L Masucci
- Institute of Microbiology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" Foundation , Largo A. Gemelli 8 , 00168 Rome , Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - A Bramanti
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - P Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - S Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
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165
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Pakharukova N, Tuittila M, Paavilainen S, Malmi H, Parilova O, Teneberg S, Knight SD, Zavialov AV. Structural basis for Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5558-63. [PMID: 29735695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800961115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections and infections of indwelling devices are major healthcare problems worldwide. These infections are strongly associated with the ability of pathogens to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Panantibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most troublesome pathogens, capable of colonizing medical devices by means of Csu pili, an adhesive organelle that belongs to the widespread class of archaic chaperone–usher pili. Here, we report an atomic-resolution insight into the mechanism of bacterial attachment to abiotic surfaces. We show that archaic pili use a binding mechanism that enables bacterial adhesion to structurally variable substrates. The results suggest a simple and cheap solution to reduce infections of A. baumannii and related pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii—a leading cause of nosocomial infections—has a remarkable capacity to persist in hospital environments and medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms. Biofilm formation is mediated by Csu pili, assembled via the “archaic” chaperone–usher pathway. The X-ray structure of the CsuC-CsuE chaperone–adhesin preassembly complex reveals the basis for bacterial attachment to abiotic surfaces. CsuE exposes three hydrophobic finger-like loops at the tip of the pilus. Decreasing the hydrophobicity of these abolishes bacterial attachment, suggesting that archaic pili use tip-fingers to detect and bind to hydrophobic cavities in substrates. Antitip antibody completely blocks biofilm formation, presenting a means to prevent the spread of the pathogen. The use of hydrophilic materials instead of hydrophobic plastics in medical devices may represent another simple and cheap solution to reduce pathogen spread. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the tip-fingers binding mechanism is shared by all archaic pili carrying two-domain adhesins. The use of flexible fingers instead of classical receptor-binding cavities is presumably more advantageous for attachment to structurally variable substrates, such as abiotic surfaces.
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166
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Hernando-Pérez M, Setayeshgar S, Hou Y, Temam R, Brun YV, Dragnea B, Berne C. Layered Structure and Complex Mechanochemistry Underlie Strength and Versatility in a Bacterial Adhesive. mBio 2018; 9:e02359-17. [PMID: 29437925 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02359-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While designing synthetic adhesives that perform in aqueous environments has proven challenging, microorganisms commonly produce bioadhesives that efficiently attach to a variety of substrates, including wet surfaces. The aquatic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus uses a discrete polysaccharide complex, the holdfast, to strongly attach to surfaces and resist flow. The holdfast is extremely versatile and has impressive adhesive strength. Here, we used atomic force microscopy in conjunction with superresolution microscopy and enzymatic assays to unravel the complex structure of the holdfast and to characterize its chemical constituents and their role in adhesion. Our data support a model whereby the holdfast is a heterogeneous material organized as two layers: a stiffer nanoscopic core layer wrapped into a sparse, far-reaching, flexible brush layer. Moreover, we found that the elastic response of the holdfast evolves after surface contact from initially heterogeneous to more homogeneous. From a composition point of view, besides N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG), the only component that had been identified to date, our data show that the holdfast contains peptides and DNA. We hypothesize that, while polypeptides are the most important components for adhesive force, the presence of DNA mainly impacts the brush layer and the strength of initial adhesion, with NAG playing a primarily structural role within the core. The unanticipated complexity of both the structure and composition of the holdfast likely underlies its versatility as a wet adhesive and its distinctive strength. Continued improvements in understanding of the mechanochemistry of this bioadhesive could provide new insights into how bacteria attach to surfaces and could inform the development of new adhesives.IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need for strong, biocompatible bioadhesives that perform underwater. To strongly adhere to surfaces and resist flow underwater, the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus produces an adhesive called the holdfast, the mechanochemistry of which remains undefined. We show that the holdfast is a layered structure with a stiff core layer and a polymeric brush layer and consists of polysaccharides, polypeptides, and DNA. The DNA appears to play a role in the structure of the brush layer and initial adhesion, the peptides in adhesive strength, and the polysaccharides in the structure of the core. The complex, multilayer organization and diverse chemistry described here underlie the distinctive adhesive properties of the holdfast and will provide important insights into the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion and bioadhesive applications.
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167
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Rabbani S, Fiege B, Eris D, Silbermann M, Jakob RP, Navarra G, Maier T, Ernst B. Conformational switch of the bacterial adhesin FimH in the absence of the regulatory domain: Engineering a minimalistic allosteric system. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:1835-1849. [PMID: 29180452 PMCID: PMC5798311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For many biological processes such as ligand binding, enzymatic catalysis, or protein folding, allosteric regulation of protein conformation and dynamics is fundamentally important. One example is the bacterial adhesin FimH, where the C-terminal pilin domain exerts negative allosteric control over binding of the N-terminal lectin domain to mannosylated ligands on host cells. When the lectin and pilin domains are separated under shear stress, the FimH-ligand interaction switches in a so-called catch-bond mechanism from the low- to high-affinity state. So far, it has been assumed that the pilin domain is essential for the allosteric propagation within the lectin domain that would otherwise be conformationally rigid. To test this hypothesis, we generated mutants of the isolated FimH lectin domain and characterized their thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural properties using isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray techniques. Intriguingly, some of the mutants mimicked the conformational and kinetic behaviors of the full-length protein and, even in absence of the pilin domain, conducted the cross-talk between allosteric sites and the mannoside-binding pocket. Thus, these mutants represent a minimalistic allosteric system of FimH, useful for further mechanistic studies and antagonist design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Rabbani
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
| | - Brigitte Fiege
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
| | - Deniz Eris
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
| | - Marleen Silbermann
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
| | - Roman Peter Jakob
- the Department Biozentrum, Focal Area Structural Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Navarra
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
| | - Timm Maier
- the Department Biozentrum, Focal Area Structural Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50 and
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168
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Raffaini FC, Freitas AR, Silva TSO, Cavagioni T, Oliveira JF, Albuquerque Junior RF, Pedrazzi V, Ribeiro RF, do Nascimento C. Genome analysis and clinical implications of the bacterial communities in early biofilm formation on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments. Biofouling 2018; 34:173-182. [PMID: 29336173 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1417396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and quantify up to 42 target species colonizing the early biofilm of dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments. A total of 720 samples from 20 healthy individuals were investigated. Biofilm samples were collected from the peri-implant sulci, inner parts of implants, abutment surfaces and prosthetic crowns over a functioning period of 30 days. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used for microbial detection and quantitation. Clinical characteristics (probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and marginal bone loss) were also investigated during the monitoring period. Genome counts were low at the implant loading time point for both the abutment materials, and increased over time. Both the titanium and the zirconia groups presented similar microbial counts and diversity over time, and the microbiota was very similar to that colonizing the remaining teeth. Clinical findings were consistent with a healthy condition with no significant difference regarding marginal bone loss between the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Correa Raffaini
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Alice Ramos Freitas
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Thalisson Saymo Oliveira Silva
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Tarsis Cavagioni
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Jessica Felix Oliveira
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Rubens Ferreira Albuquerque Junior
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- a Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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169
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Raie DS, Mhatre E, El-Desouki DS, Labena A, El-Ghannam G, Farahat LA, Youssef T, Fritzsche W, Kovács ÁT. Effect of Novel Quercetin Titanium Dioxide-Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite on Bacillus subtilis Biofilm Development. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11010157. [PMID: 29346268 PMCID: PMC5793655 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present work was targeted to design a surface against cell seeding and adhering of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. A multi-walled carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide nano-power was produced via simple mixing of carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide nanoparticles during the sol-gel process followed by heat treatment. Successfully, quercetin was immobilized on the nanocomposite via physical adsorption to form a quercetin/multi-walled carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide nanocomposite. The adhesion of bacteria on the coated-slides was verified after 24 h using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Results indicated that the quercetin/multi-walled carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide nanocomposite had more negativity and higher recovery by glass surfaces than its counterpart. Moreover, coating surfaces with the quercetin-modified nanocomposite lowered both hydrophilicity and surface-attached bacteria compared to surfaces coated with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Raie
- Process Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eisha Mhatre
- Terrestrial Biofilms Group, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Doaa S El-Desouki
- Process Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Labena
- Process Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gamal El-Ghannam
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Laila A Farahat
- Process Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tareq Youssef
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Nanobiophotonic Department, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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170
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Damiati L, Eales MG, Nobbs AH, Su B, Tsimbouri PM, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ. Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418790694. [PMID: 30116518 PMCID: PMC6088466 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418790694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcus G Eales
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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171
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Guzman J, Téné N, Touchard A, Castillo D, Belkhelfa H, Haddioui-Hbabi L, Treilhou M, Sauvain M. Anti-Helicobacter pylori Properties of the Ant-Venom Peptide Bicarinalin. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:E21. [PMID: 29286296 PMCID: PMC5793108 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom peptide bicarinalin, previously isolated from the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum, is an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity. In this study, we investigate the potential of bicarinalin as a novel agent against Helicobacter pylori, which causes several gastric diseases. First, the effects of synthetic bicarinalin have been tested against Helicobacter pylori: one ATCC strain, and forty-four isolated from stomach ulcer biopsies of Peruvian patients. Then the cytoxicity of bicarinalin on human gastric cells and murine peritoneal macrophages was measured using XTT and MTT assays, respectively. Finally, the preventive effect of bicarinalin was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using an adherence assay of H. pylori on human gastric cells treated with bicarinalin. This peptide has a potent antibacterial activity at the same magnitude as four antibiotics currently used in therapies against H. pylori. Bicarinalin also inhibited adherence of H. pylori to gastric cells with an IC50 of 0.12 μg·mL-1 and had low toxicity for human cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that bicarinalin can significantly decrease the density of H. pylori on gastric cells. We conclude that Bicarinalin is a promising compound for the development of a novel and effective anti-H. pylori agent for both curative and preventive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Guzman
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
| | - Nathan Téné
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Axel Touchard
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Denis Castillo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
| | - Haouaria Belkhelfa
- Fonderephar, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Laila Haddioui-Hbabi
- Fonderephar, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Michel Sauvain
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
- UMR 152 PHARMADEV, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, IRD, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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172
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Abstract
The control of where and when bacteria adhere to a substrate is a key step toward controlling the formation and organization in biofilms. This study shows how we engineer bacteria to adhere specifically to substrates with high spatial and temporal control under blue light, but not in the dark, by using photoswitchable interaction between nMag and pMag proteins. For this, we express pMag proteins on the surface of E. coli so that the bacteria can adhere to substrates with immobilized nMag protein under blue light. These adhesions are reversible in the dark and can be repeatedly turned on and off. Further, the number of bacteria that can adhere to the substrate as well as the attachment and detachment dynamics are adjustable by using different point mutants of pMag and altering light intensity. Overall, the blue light switchable bacteria adhesions offer reversible, tunable and bioorthogonal control with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. This enables us to pattern bacteria on substrates with great flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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173
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Kim J, Fukuto HS, Brown DA, Bliska JB, London E. Effects of host cell sterol composition upon internalization of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and clustered β1 integrin. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1466-1479. [PMID: 29197826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes acute gastrointestinal illness, but its mechanisms of infection are incompletely described. We examined how host cell sterol composition affected Y. pseudotuberculosis uptake. To do this, we depleted or substituted cholesterol in human MDA-MB-231 epithelial cells with various alternative sterols. Decreasing host cell cholesterol significantly reduced pathogen internalization. When host cell cholesterol was substituted with various sterols, only desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol supported internalization. This specificity was not due to sterol dependence of bacterial attachment to host cells, which was similar with all sterols studied. Because a key step in Y. pseudotuberculosis internalization is interaction of the bacterial adhesins invasin and YadA with host cell β1 integrin, we compared the sterol dependence of wildtype Y. pseudotuberculosis internalization with that of Δinv, ΔyadA, and ΔinvΔyadA mutant strains. YadA deletion decreased bacterial adherence to host cells, whereas invasin deletion had no effect. Nevertheless, host cell sterol substitution had a similar effect on internalization of these bacterial deletion strains as on the wildtype bacteria. The ΔinvΔyadA double mutant adhered least to cells and so was not significantly internalized. The sterol structure dependence of Y. pseudotuberculosis internalization differed from that of endocytosis, as monitored using antibody-clustered β1 integrin and previous studies on other proteins, which had a more permissive sterol dependence. This study suggests that agents could be designed to interfere with internalization of Yersinia without disturbing endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiHyun Kim
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
| | - Hana S Fukuto
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | | | - James B Bliska
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Erwin London
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
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174
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Zhang R, Xia A, Ni L, Li F, Jin Z, Yang S, Jin F. Strong Shear Flow Persister Bacteria Resist Mechanical Washings on the Surfaces of Various Polymer Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700161. [PMID: 32646157 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental bacteria persistently exist in hospitals and thereby often contaminate biomedical devices, which usually causes device-associated infections that have become a major cause of patient illness and death in the hospital. In this study, for the first time, the identification of strong shear flow persister (SSP) cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reported. Unlike common persister cells that are highly tolerant to antibiotics, it is reported that the SSP cells can resist mechanical washings on the surfaces of various polymer materials and can form distinctive biofilms that are tolerant to high doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Most importantly, a general molecular mechanism is revealed by which an outer membrane protein crosslinks with polysaccharides to form gel-like adhesion complexes that can exert extremely strong adhesion strength (up to 50 N mm-2 ). Therefore, these findings are urgently required for ongoing research focused on preparing antifouling biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feixuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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175
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Bradshaw WJ, Kirby JM, Roberts AK, Shone CC, Acharya KR. The molecular structure of the glycoside hydrolase domain of Cwp19 from Clostridium difficile. FEBS J 2017; 284:4343-4357. [PMID: 29083543 PMCID: PMC5765458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a burden to healthcare systems around the world, causing tens of thousands of deaths annually. The S‐layer of the bacterium, a layer of protein found of the surface of cells, has received a significant amount of attention over the past two decades as a potential target to combat the growing threat presented by C. difficile infections. The S‐layer contains a wide range of proteins, each of which possesses three cell wall‐binding domains, while many also possess a “functional” region. Here, we present the high resolution structure of the functional region of one such protein, Cwp19 along with preliminary functional characterisation of the predicted glycoside hydrolase. Cwp19 has a TIM barrel fold and appears to possess a high degree of substrate selectivity. The protein also exhibits peptidoglycan hydrolase activity, an order of magnitude slower than that of lysozyme and is the first member of glycoside hydrolase‐like family 10 to be characterised. This research goes some way to understanding the role of Cwp19 in the S‐layer of C. difficile. Database Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5OQ2 and 5OQ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bradshaw
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK.,Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | | | | | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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176
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Gholami M, Chirani AS, Razavi S, Falak R, Irajian G. Immunogenicity of a fusion protein containing PilQ and disulphide turn region of PilA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:439-445. [PMID: 28857243 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interference with bacterial adhesion is a new means to prevent or treat bacterial infections. In this experimental study we evaluated the immunogenic properties of a chimeric protein composed of PilQ and disulphide turn region of PilA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice as an anti-adhesion based vaccine. First of all, a chimeric bivalent protein composed of PilQ and PilA was constructed and following subcutaneous immunization with merely the purified protein or in its admixed form with alum, the immunogenicity of the chimeric antigen was assessed in BALB/c mice. Then, the characteristics of the developed antibodies were studied by ELISA. Furthermore, the immunoreactivity of the purified recombinant protein was confirmed by immunoblotting. Alum as a common adjuvant boosted immunogenicity of the construct, resulting significantly greater anti-pili IgG titre. Mice antibody response consisted of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 subtypes with predominance of IgG1 subclass. The developed antibodies were capable to inhibit motility of PAO1 strain. In conclusion, our primary results revealed that the designed recombinant protein is a protective construct and may be used as a potential candidate for prophylactic purposes against P. aeruginosa infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study we examined the potential of integrated PilQ/PilA (QA) antigen as a vaccine candidate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nowadays, anti-adhesion based vaccines are considered as new means to prevent or treat bacterial infections. Our study revealed that chimeric protein PilQ and disulphide turn region of PilA triggers production of specific antibodies. This humoral immune responses augmented when QA was administered in combination with an adjuvant. The results demonstrated efficacy of the designed recombinant chimeric antigen as an effective candidate in prevention of P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gholami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A S Chirani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Irajian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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177
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Nishiyama K, Yamamoto Y, Sugiyama M, Takaki T, Urashima T, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Okada N, Mukai T. Bifidobacterium bifidum Extracellular Sialidase Enhances Adhesion to the Mucosal Surface and Supports Carbohydrate Assimilation. mBio 2017; 8:e00928-17. [PMID: 28974612 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00928-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We studied the role of the extracellular sialidase (SiaBb2, 835 amino acids [aa]) from Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 15696 in mucosal surface adhesion and carbohydrate catabolism. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or porcine mucin oligosaccharides as the sole carbon source enhanced B. bifidum growth. This was impaired in a B. bifidum ATCC 15696 strain harboring a mutation in the siabb2 gene. Mutant cells in early to late exponential growth phase also showed decreased adhesion to human epithelial cells and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain. These results indicate that SiaBb2 removes sialic acid from HMOs and mucin for metabolic purposes and may promote bifidobacterial adhesion to the mucosal surface. To further characterize SiaBb2-mediated bacterial adhesion, we examined the binding of His-tagged recombinant SiaBb2 peptide to colonic mucins and found that His-SiaBb2 as well as a conserved sialidase domain peptide (aa 187 to 553, His-Sia) bound to porcine mucin and murine colonic sections. A glycoarray assay revealed that His-Sia bound to the α2,6-linked but not to the α2,3-linked sialic acid on sialyloligosaccharide and blood type A antigen [GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ] at the nonreducing termini of sugar chains. These results suggest that the sialidase domain of SiaBb2 is responsible for this interaction and that the protein recognizes two distinct carbohydrate structures. Thus, SiaBb2 may be involved in Bifidobacterium-mucosal surface interactions as well as in the assimilation of a variety of sialylated carbohydrates. Adhesion to the host mucosal surface and carbohydrate assimilation are important for bifidobacterium colonization and survival in the host gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic basis for B. bifidum extracellular sialidase (SiaBb2)-mediated adhesion. SiaBb2 cleaved sialyl-human milk oligosaccharides and mucin glycans to produce oligosaccharides that supported B. bifidum growth. Moreover, SiaBb2 enhanced B. bifidum adhesion to mucosal surfaces via specific interactions with the α2,6 linkage of sialyloligosaccharide and blood type A antigen on mucin carbohydrates. These findings provide insight into the bifunctional role of SiaBb2 and the adhesion properties of B. bifidum strains.
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178
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Chagnot C, Venien A, Renier S, Caccia N, Talon R, Astruc T, Desvaux M. Colonisation of Meat by Escherichia coli O157:H7: Investigating Bacterial Tropism with Respect to the Different Types of Skeletal Muscles, Subtypes of Myofibres, and Postmortem Time. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1366. [PMID: 28790986 PMCID: PMC5524725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) responsible for serious diseases, especially pediatric, and of great concern for the meat industry. Meat contamination by EHEC occurs at slaughtering, especially at dehiding stage, where bacteria can be transferred from hides to carcasses. The skeletal muscle tissues comprise four major types of myofibres, which differ in their contraction velocity and metabolism. Myofibres are surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to meat was investigated considering well-defined types of skeletal muscle and their constituent myofibres as well as postmortem changes in muscle, using fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses. By analysing the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to model oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] skeletal muscles, it first appeared that differential adhesion occurred at the surface of these extreme skeletal muscle types. At a cellular level, bacterial adhesion appeared to occur essentially at the ECM. Considering the different constituent myofibres of types I, IIA, IIX and IIB, no significant differences were observed for adhering bacteria. However, bacterial adhesion to the ECM was significantly influenced by postmortem structural modifications of muscle tissues. By providing information on spatial localisation of E. coli O157:H7 on meat, this investigation clearly demonstrated their ability to adhere to skeletal muscle, especially at the ECM, which consequently resulted in their heterogeneous distribution in meat. As discussed, these new findings should help in reassessing and mitigating the risk of contamination of meat, the food chain and ultimately human infection by EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chagnot
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Annie Venien
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nelly Caccia
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régine Talon
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Astruc
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits AnimauxSaint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- UMR454 MEDiS, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
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179
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Pilipczuk J, Zalewska-Piątek B, Bruździak P, Czub J, Wieczór M, Olszewski M, Wanarska M, Nowicki B, Augustin-Nowacka D, Piątek R. Role of the disulfide bond in stabilizing and folding of the fimbrial protein DraE from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16136-16149. [PMID: 28739804 PMCID: PMC5625045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dr fimbriae are homopolymeric adhesive organelles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli composed of DraE subunits, responsible for the attachment to host cells. These structures are characterized by enormously high stability resulting from the structural properties of an Ig-like fold of DraE. One feature of DraE and other fimbrial subunits that makes them peculiar among Ig-like domain-containing proteins is a conserved disulfide bond that joins their A and B strands. Here, we investigated how this disulfide bond affects the stability and folding/unfolding pathway of DraE. We found that the disulfide bond stabilizes self-complemented DraE (DraE-sc) by ∼50 kJ mol−1 in an exclusively thermodynamic manner, i.e. by lowering the free energy of the native state and with almost no effect on the free energy of the transition state. This finding was confirmed by experimentally determined folding and unfolding rate constants of DraE-sc and a disulfide bond-lacking DraE-sc variant. Although the folding of both proteins exhibited similar kinetics, the unfolding rate constant changed upon deletion of the disulfide bond by 10 orders of magnitude, from ∼10−17 s−1 to 10−7 s−1. Molecular simulations revealed that unfolding of the disulfide bond-lacking variant is initiated by strands A or G and that disulfide bond-mediated joining of strand A to the core strand B cooperatively stabilizes the whole protein. We also show that the disulfide bond in DraE is recognized by the DraB chaperone, indicating a mechanism that precludes the incorporation of less stable, non-oxidized DraE forms into the fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pilipczuk
- From the Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology and
| | | | - Piotr Bruździak
- Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Olszewski
- From the Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology and
| | - Marta Wanarska
- From the Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology and
| | - Bogdan Nowicki
- the Nowicki Institute for Women's Health Research, Brentwood, Tennessee 37027, and
| | | | - Rafał Piątek
- From the Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology and
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180
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Bradshaw WJ, Kirby JM, Roberts AK, Shone CC, Acharya KR. Cwp2 from Clostridium difficile exhibits an extended three domain fold and cell adhesion in vitro. FEBS J 2017; 284:2886-2898. [PMID: 28677344 PMCID: PMC5601205 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the gut by Clostridium difficile requires the adhesion of the bacterium to host cells. A range of cell surface located factors have been linked to adhesion including the S‐layer protein LMW SLP and the related protein Cwp66. As well as these proteins, the S‐layer of C. difficile may contain many others. One such protein is Cwp2. Here, we demonstrate the production of a C. difficile strain 630 cwp2 knockout mutant and assess the effect on the bacterium. The mutant results in increased TcdA (toxin A) release and impaired cellular adherence in vitro. We also present the extended three domain structure of the ‘functional’ region of Cwp2, consisting of residues 29–318 at 1.9 Å, which is compared to that of LMW SLP and Cwp8. The adhesive properties of Cwp2 and LMW SLP, which are likely to be shared by Cwp8, are predicted to be mediated by the variable loop regions in domain 2. Databases Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5NJL.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bradshaw
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK.,Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | | | | | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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181
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Stones DH, Krachler AM. Against the tide: the role of bacterial adhesion in host colonization. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1571-80. [PMID: 27913666 DOI: 10.1042/BST20160186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolving under the constant exposure to an abundance of diverse microbial life, the human body has developed many ways of defining the boundaries between self and non-self. Many physical and immunological barriers to microbial invasion exist, and yet bacteria have found a multitude of ways to overcome these, initiate interactions with and colonize the human host. Adhesion to host cells and tissues is a key feature allowing bacteria to persist in an environment under constant flux and to initiate transient or permanent symbioses with the host. This review discusses reasons why adhesion is such a seemingly indispensable requirement for bacteria–host interactions, and whether bacteria can bypass the need to adhere and still persist. It further outlines open questions about the role of adhesion in bacterial colonization and persistence within the host.
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182
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Zhu F, Zhang H, Yang T, Haslam SM, Dell A, Wu H. Engineering and Dissecting the Glycosylation Pathway of a Streptococcal Serine-rich Repeat Adhesin. J Biol Chem 2017; 291:27354-27363. [PMID: 28039332 PMCID: PMC5207161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich repeat glycoproteins (SRRPs) are conserved in Gram-positive bacteria. They are crucial for modulating biofilm formation and bacterial-host interactions. Glycosylation of SRRPs plays a pivotal role in the process; thus understanding the glycosyltransferases involved is key to identifying new therapeutic drug targets. The glycosylation of Fap1, an SRRP of Streptococcus parasanguinis, is mediated by a gene cluster consisting of six genes: gtf1, gtf2, gly, gtf3, dGT1, and galT2. Mature Fap1 glycan possesses the sequence of Rha1–3Glc1-(Glc1–3GlcNAc1)-2,6-Glc1–6GlcNAc. Gtf12, Gtf3, and dGT1 are responsible for the first four steps of the Fap1 glycosylation, catalyzing the transfer of GlcNAc, Glc, Glc, and GlcNAc residues to the protein backbone sequentially. The role of GalT2 and Gly in the Fap1 glycosylation is unknown. In the present study, we synthesized the fully modified Fap1 glycan in Escherichia coli by incorporating all six genes from the cluster. This study represents the first reconstitution of an exogenous stepwise O-glycosylation synthetic pathway in E. coli. In addition, we have determined that GalT2 mediates the fifth step of the Fap1 glycosylation by adding a rhamnose residue, and Gly mediates the final glycosylation step by transferring glucosyl residues. Furthermore, inactivation of each glycosyltransferase gene resulted in differentially impaired biofilms of S. parasanguinis, demonstrating the importance of Fap1 glycosylation in the biofilm formation. The Fap1 glycosylation system offers an excellent model to engineer glycans using different permutations of glycosyltransferases and to investigate biosynthetic pathways of SRRPs because SRRP genetic loci are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and.,Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35244 and
| | - Hua Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and
| | - Tiandi Yang
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Wu
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and .,Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35244 and
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183
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Wo Y, Xu LC, Li Z, Matzger AJ, Meyerhoff ME, Siedlecki CA. Antimicrobial nitric oxide releasing surfaces based on S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine impregnated polymers combined with submicron-textured surface topography. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1265-1278. [PMID: 28560367 PMCID: PMC6290899 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual functioning antimicrobial CarboSil 20 80A polymer material that combines physical topographical surface modification and nitric oxide (NO) release is prepared and evaluated for its efficacy in reducing bacterial adhesion in vitro. The new biomaterial is created via a soft lithography two-stage replication process to induce submicron textures on its surface, followed by solvent impregnation with the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), to obtain long-term (up to 38 d) NO release. The NO releasing textured polymer surface is evaluated against four bacteria commonly known to cause infections in hospital settings and the results demonstrate that the combined strategy enables a synergistic effect on reducing the bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam J. Matzger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher A. Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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184
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Smith RJ, Moule MG, Sule P, Smith T, Cirillo JD, Grunlan JC. Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanocoating Dramatically Reduces Bacterial Adhesion to Polyester Fabric. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1845-1852. [PMID: 29725614 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to textiles is thought to contribute to odor and infection. Alternately exposing polyester fabric to aqueous solutions of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is shown here to create a nanocoating that dramatically reduces bacterial adhesion. Ten PDDA/PAA bilayers (BL) are 180 nm thick and only increase the weight of the polyester by 2.5%. The increased surface roughness and high degree of PAA ionization leads to a surface with a negative charge that causes a reduction in adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus by 50% when compared to uncoated fabric, after rinsing with sterilized water, because of electrostatic repulsion. S. aureus bacterial adhesion was quantified using bioluminescent radiance measured before and after rinsing, revealing 99% of applied bacteria were removed with a ten bilayer PDDA/PAA nanocoating. The ease of processing, and benign nature of the polymers used, should make this technology useful for rendering textiles antifouling on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Madeleine G Moule
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Preeti Sule
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Travis Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3003 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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185
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Staniszewski Z, Piegat A, Okroj W, Walkowiak-Przybylo M, Jakubowski W, Walkowiak B, Budner B, Mroz W, Sobolewski P, El Fray M. The effect of carbon nanoparticles on biological properties of polyester nanocomposites. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1328-1336. [PMID: 28517978 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217706193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to determine the hemocompatibility, cellular response of endothelial cells and bacterial adhesion to a new polyester nanocomposite. The carbon nanoparticle nanocomposite was prepared via in situ polymerization of monomers to obtain material of hardness 55 Sh D similar to polyurethanes used in medical applications, for example, in heart-assisting devices. The carbon nanoparticle-containing polyester exhibits markedly reduced bacterial colonization, as compared to commercially available polyurethanes. Further the nanocomposite possesses markedly improved hemocompatibility, as determined by flow cytometry, and robust endothelialization. Possible explanations for these beneficial properties include surface nanoroughness of carbon nanoparticle-containing nanocomposites and presence of fatty acid sequences within polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Staniszewski
- 1 Polymer Institute, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piegat
- 1 Polymer Institute, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Okroj
- 2 Institute of Materials Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
| | | | - Witold Jakubowski
- 2 Institute of Materials Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- 2 Institute of Materials Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Budner
- 3 Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Mroz
- 3 Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Sobolewski
- 1 Polymer Institute, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- 1 Polymer Institute, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poland
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186
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Valdez-Salas B, Beltrán-Partida E, Castillo-Uribe S, Curiel-Álvarez M, Zlatev R, Stoytcheva M, Montero-Alpírez G, Vargas-Osuna L. In Vitro Assessment of Early Bacterial Activity on Micro/Nanostructured Ti6Al4V Surfaces. Molecules 2017; 22:E832. [PMID: 28524087 PMCID: PMC6154628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacteria genre and surface properties. Thus, we fabricated a flat, anodized with 80 nm TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs), and a rough Ti6Al4V surface. The materials were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We cultured in vitro Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to evaluate the bacterial-surface behavior by FE-SEM and viability calculation. In addition, the initial effects of human osteoblasts were tested on the materials. Gram-negative bacteria showed promoted adherence and viability over the flat and rough surface, while NTs displayed opposite activity with altered morphology. Gram-positive bacteria illustrated similar cellular architecture over the surfaces but with promoted surface adhesion bonds on the flat alloy. Rough surfaces supported S. epidermidis viability, whilst NTs exhibited lower vitality. NTs advocated promoted better osteoblast organization with enhanced vitality. Gram-positive bacteria suggested preferred adhesion capability over flat and carbon-rich surfaces. Gram-negative bacteria were strongly disturbed by NTs but largely stimulated by flat and rough materials. Our work proposed that the chemical profile of the material surface and the bacterial cell wall characteristics might play an important role in the bacteria-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Beltrán-Partida
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Av. Zotoluca y Chinampas, s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21280 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Castillo-Uribe
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Mario Curiel-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Roumen Zlatev
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Margarita Stoytcheva
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Gisela Montero-Alpírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Lidia Vargas-Osuna
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
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187
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Popowska M, Krawczyk-Balska A, Ostrowski R, Desvaux M. InlL from Listeria monocytogenes Is Involved in Biofilm Formation and Adhesion to Mucin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:660. [PMID: 28473809 PMCID: PMC5397405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial etiological agent of listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, is an opportunistic intracellular foodborne pathogen. The infection cycle of L. monocytogenes is well-characterized and involves several key virulence factors, including internalins A and B. While 35 genes encoding internalins have been identified in L. monocytogenes, less than half of them have been characterized as yet. Focusing on lmo2026, it was shown this gene encodes a class I internalin, InlL, exhibiting domains potentially involved in adhesion. Following a functional genetic approach, InlL was demonstrated to be involved in initial bacterial adhesion as well as sessile development in L. monocytogenes. In addition, InlL enables binding to mucin of type 2, i.e., the main secreted mucin making up the mucus layer, rather than to surface-located mucin of type 1. InlL thus appears as a new molecular determinant contributing to the colonization ability of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Ostrowski
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR454 MEDiSClermont-Ferrand, France
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188
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Echelman DJ, Lee AQ, Fernández JM. Mechanical forces regulate the reactivity of a thioester bond in a bacterial adhesin. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8988-8997. [PMID: 28348083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria must withstand large mechanical shear forces when adhering to and colonizing hosts. Recent structural studies on a class of Gram-positive bacterial adhesins have revealed an intramolecular Cys-Gln thioester bond that can react with surface-associated ligands to covalently anchor to host surfaces. Two other examples of such internal thioester bonds occur in certain anti-proteases and in the immune complement system, both of which react with the ligand only after the thioester bond is exposed by a proteolytic cleavage. We hypothesized that mechanical forces in bacterial adhesion could regulate thioester reactivity to ligand analogously to such proteolytic gating. Studying the pilus tip adhesin Spy0125 of Streptococcus pyogenes, we developed a single molecule assay to unambiguously resolve the state of the thioester bond. We found that when Spy0125 was in a folded state, its thioester bond could be cleaved with the small-molecule nucleophiles methylamine and histamine, but when Spy0125 was mechanically unfolded and subjected to forces of 50-350 piconewtons, thioester cleavage was no longer observed. For folded Spy0125 without mechanical force exposure, thioester cleavage was in equilibrium with spontaneous thioester reformation, which occurred with a half-life of several minutes. Functionally, this equilibrium reactivity allows thioester-containing adhesins to sample potential substrates without irreversible cleavage and inactivation. We propose that such reversible thioester reactivity would circumvent potential soluble inhibitors, such as histamine released at sites of inflammation, and allow the bacterial adhesin to selectively associate with surface-bound ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Echelman
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Alex Q Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Julio M Fernández
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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189
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Li S, Cheng C, Thomas A. Carbon-Based Microbial-Fuel-Cell Electrodes: From Conductive Supports to Active Catalysts. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1602547. [PMID: 27991684 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential in renewable electrical power generation using the broad diversity of biomass and organic substrates. However, the difficulties in achieving high power densities and commercially affordable electrode materials have limited their industrial applications to date. Carbon materials, which can exhibit a wide range of different morphologies and structures, usually possess physiological activity to interact with microorganisms and are therefore fast-emerging electrode materials. As the anode, carbon materials can significantly promote interfacial microbial colonization and accelerate the formation of extracellular biofilms, which eventually promotes the electrical power density by providing a conductive microenvironment for extracellular electron transfer. As the cathode, carbon-based materials can function as catalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction, showing satisfying activities and efficiencies nowadays even reaching the performance of Pt catalysts. Here, first, recent advancements on the design of carbon materials for anodes in MFCs are summarized, and the influence of structure and surface functionalization of different types of carbon materials on microorganism immobilization and electrochemical performance is elucidated. Then, synthetic strategies and structures of typical carbon-based cathodes in MFCs are briefly presented. Furthermore, future applications of carbon-electrode-based MFC devices in the energy, environmental, and biological fields are discussed, and the emerging challenges in transferring them from laboratory to industrial scale are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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190
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Hizal F, Choi CH, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC. Staphylococcal Adhesion, Detachment and Transmission on Nanopillared Si Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:30430-30439. [PMID: 27750009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces are extensively considered with respect to their potential impact on bacterial adhesion from aqueous suspensions or air, but in real-life bacteria are often transmitted between surfaces. Mechanistically, transmission involves detachment of adhering bacteria from a donor and adhesion to a receiver surface, controlled by the relative values of the adhesion forces exerted by both surfaces. We here relate staphylococcal adhesion, detachment and transmission to, from, and between smooth and nanopillared-Si surfaces with staphylococcal adhesion forces. Nanopillared-Si surfaces were prepared with pillar-to-pillar distances of 200, 400, and 800 nm. On smooth surfaces, staphylococcal adhesion forces, measured using bacterial-probe Atomic-Force-Microscopy, amounted to 4.4-6.8 and 1.8-2.1 nN (depending on the AFM-loading force) for extracellular-polymeric-substances (EPS) producing and non-EPS producing strains, respectively. Accordingly the EPS producing strain adhered in higher numbers than the non-EPS producing strain. Fractional adhesion forces on nanopillared-Si surfaces relative to the smooth surface ranged from 0.30 to 0.95, depending on AFM-loading force, strain and pillar-to-pillar distance. However, for each strain, the number of adhering bacteria remained similar on all nanopillared surfaces. Detachment of adhering staphylococci decreased significantly with increasing adhesion forces, while staphylococcal transmission to a receiver surface also decreased with increasing adhesion force exerted by the donor. In addition, the strain with ability to produce EPS was killed in high percentages and induced to produce EPS during transmission on nanopillared-Si surfaces, presumably by high local cell-wall stresses. This must be accounted for in applications of nanostructured surfaces: whereas killing may be favorable, EPS production may reduce antimicrobial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdi Hizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology , Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology , Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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191
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Luczak SET, Smits SHJ, Decker C, Nagel-Steger L, Schmitt L, Hegemann JH. The Chlamydia pneumoniae Adhesin Pmp21 Forms Oligomers with Adhesive Properties. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22806-22818. [PMID: 27551038 PMCID: PMC5077213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae sp. are obligate intracellular pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans. The adhesion of Chlamydiae to the eukaryotic host cell is a pivotal step in pathogenesis. The adhesin family of polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmp) in Chlamydia pneumoniae consists of 21 members. Pmp21 binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Pmps contain large numbers of FXXN (where X is any amino acid) and GGA(I/L/V) motifs. At least two of these motifs are crucial for adhesion by certain Pmp21 fragments. Here we describe how the two FXXN motifs in Pmp21-D (D-Wt), a domain of Pmp21, influence its self-interaction, folding, and adhesive capacities. Refolded D-Wt molecules form oligomers with high sedimentation values (8-85 S). These oligomers take the form of elongated protofibrils, which exhibit Thioflavin T fluorescence, like the amyloid protein fragment β42. A mutant version of Pmp21-D (D-Mt), with FXXN motifs replaced by SXXV, shows a markedly reduced capacity to form oligomers. Secondary-structure assays revealed that monomers of both variants exist predominantly as random coils, whereas the oligomers form predominantly β-sheets. Adhesion studies revealed that oligomers of D-Wt (D-Wt-O) mediate significantly enhanced binding to human epithelial cells relative to D-Mt-O and monomeric protein species. Moreover, D-Wt-O binds EGFR more efficiently than D-Wt monomers. Importantly, pretreatment of human cells with D-Wt-O reduces infectivity upon subsequent challenge with C. pneumoniae more effectively than all other protein species. Hence, the FXXN motif in D-Wt induces the formation of β-sheet-rich oligomeric protofibrils, which are important for adhesion to, and subsequent infection of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Decker
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany and
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany and
- ICS-6 Research Center Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
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192
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Kovačević D, Pratnekar R, Godič Torkar K, Salopek J, Dražić G, Abram A, Bohinc K. Influence of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Properties on Bacterial Adhesion Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E345. [PMID: 30974625 PMCID: PMC6432465 DOI: 10.3390/polym8100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion can be controlled by different material surface properties, such as surface charge, on which we concentrate in our study. We use a silica surface on which poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PAH/PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayers were formed. The corresponding surface roughness and hydrophobicity were determined by atomic force microscopy and tensiometry. The surface charge was examined by the zeta potential measurements of silica particles covered with polyelectrolyte multilayers, whereby ionic strength and polyelectrolyte concentrations significantly influenced the build-up process. For adhesion experiments, we used the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extent of adhered bacteria on the surface was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the extent of adhered bacteria mostly depends on the type of terminating polyelectrolyte layer, since relatively low differences in surface roughness and hydrophobicity were obtained. In the case of polyelectrolyte multilayers terminating with a positively charged layer, bacterial adhesion was more pronounced than in the case when the polyelectrolyte layer was negatively charged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Kovačević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Rok Pratnekar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Jasmina Salopek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Goran Dražić
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Anže Abram
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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193
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Lazar MA, Vodnar D, Prodan D, Rotaru H, Roman CR, Sorcoi LA, Baciut G, Campian RS. Antibacterial coating on biocomposites for cranio-facial reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:430-4. [PMID: 27547065 PMCID: PMC4990441 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Despite the fact that implants are sterilized, antiseptic techniques are applied and systemic antibiotics are routinely administered prior to and after craniofacial surgery, infection rates between 3% and 40% are still reported for alloplastic implants, urging for implant removal. The present study focuses on the development of a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implant for craniofacial reconstruction with antimicrobial properties. Methods A new fiber-reinforced composite coated with gentamicin was developed and tested for bacterial adherence and antibacterial efficiency, using two of the most involved bacterial strains in the postoperative infections: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Bacteria were efficiently inactivated in direct contact with gentamicin coatings (p<0.05). The inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 17.21 mm to 20.13 mm and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged from 12.93 mm to 15.33 mm. Although no significant statistical results were found for bacterial adhesion and gentamicin concentration, (Staphylococcus aureus: β= −0.974; p=0.144>0.05 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: β = −0.921; p=0.255>0.05), a negative relation was observed, indicating the reversed relation between the antibiotic dosage and the bacterial adherence. Conclusion The results of the two applied microbiological protocols used in the study suggested that gentamicin eluting coating inhibited not only the bacterial growth, but also led to a lower initial bacterial adhesion to the surface of the implant. Thus, antibiotic coating of craniofacial implants may reduce the infection rate related to reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Anca Lazar
- Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Prodan
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horatiu Rotaru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Rares Roman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lidia Adriana Sorcoi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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194
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Rego S, Heal TJ, Pidwill GR, Till M, Robson A, Lamont RJ, Sessions RB, Jenkinson HF, Race PR, Nobbs AH. Structural and Functional Analysis of Cell Wall-anchored Polypeptide Adhesin BspA in Streptococcus agalactiae. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15985-6000. [PMID: 27311712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is the predominant cause of early-onset infectious disease in neonates and is responsible for life-threatening infections in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical manifestations of GBS infection include sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Here, we describe BspA, a deviant antigen I/II family polypeptide that confers adhesive properties linked to pathogenesis in GBS. Heterologous expression of BspA on the surface of the non-adherent bacterium Lactococcus lactis confers adherence to scavenger receptor gp340, human vaginal epithelium, and to the fungus Candida albicans Complementary crystallographic and biophysical characterization of BspA reveal a novel β-sandwich adhesion domain and unique asparagine-dependent super-helical stalk. Collectively, these findings establish a new bacterial adhesin structure that has in effect been hijacked by a pathogenic Streptococcus species to provide competitive advantage in human mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rego
- From the School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom, the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Heal
- the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, the Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Grace R Pidwill
- From the School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa Till
- the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, the BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Alice Robson
- the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Lamont
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Richard B Sessions
- the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, the BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Howard F Jenkinson
- From the School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Race
- the School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, the BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- From the School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom,
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195
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Interlandi G, Thomas WE. Mechanism of allosteric propagation across a β-sheet structure investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2016; 84:990-1008. [PMID: 27090060 PMCID: PMC5084802 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial adhesin FimH consists of an allosterically regulated mannose-binding lectin domain and a covalently linked inhibitory pilin domain. Under normal conditions, the two domains are bound to each other, and FimH interacts weakly with mannose. However, under tensile force, the domains separate and the lectin domain undergoes conformational changes that strengthen its bond with mannose. Comparison of the crystallographic structures of the low and the high affinity state of the lectin domain reveals conformational changes mainly in the regulatory inter-domain region, the mannose binding site and a large β sheet that connects the two distally located regions. Here, molecular dynamics simulations investigated how conformational changes are propagated within and between different regions of the lectin domain. It was found that the inter-domain region moves towards the high affinity conformation as it becomes more compact and buries exposed hydrophobic surface after separation of the pilin domain. The mannose binding site was more rigid in the high affinity state, which prevented water penetration into the pocket. The large central β sheet demonstrated a soft spring-like twisting. Its twisting motion was moderately correlated to fluctuations in both the regulatory and the binding region, whereas a weak correlation was seen in a direct comparison of these two distal sites. The results suggest a so called "population shift" model whereby binding of the lectin domain to either the pilin domain or mannose locks the β sheet in a rather twisted or flat conformation, stabilizing the low or the high affinity state, respectively. Proteins 2016; 84:990-1008. © 2016 The Authors. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Interlandi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Wendy E Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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196
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Shukla SD, Sohal SS, O'Toole RF, Eapen MS, Walters EH. Platelet activating factor receptor: gateway for bacterial chronic airway infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and potential therapeutic target. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016. [PMID: 26207607 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors established that cigarette smoke increases airway epithelial platelet activating factor receptor (PAFr) expression and that PAFr is markedly up-regulated in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Crucially, PAFr is used by the two key bacterial species involved in chronic infection and acute exacerbations in COPD, that is, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, as a receptor for lung epithelial colonization. The cognate adhesin of PAFr, phosphorylcholine (ChoP), in the cell wall of these bacterial species may be a key effector that underpins host colonization. In this review, the authors evaluate the respective roles of PAFr and ChoP in the natural history of COPD and discuss the potential of the airway epithelial PAFr-bacterial ChoP interaction as a selective anti-infective target in COPD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Dhar Shukla
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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197
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de Ruyck J, Lensink MF, Bouckaert J. Structures of C-mannosylated anti-adhesives bound to the type 1 fimbrial FimH adhesin. IUCrJ 2016; 3:163-7. [PMID: 27158502 PMCID: PMC4856138 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH are recognized as attractive alternatives for antibiotic therapies and prophylaxes against Escherichia coli infections such as urinary-tract infections. To construct these inhibitors, the α-d-mannopyranoside of high-mannose N-glycans, recognized with exclusive specificity on glycoprotein receptors by FimH, forms the basal structure. A hydrophobic aglycon is then linked to the mannose by the O1 oxygen inherently present in the α-anomeric configuration. Substitution of this O atom by a carbon introduces a C-glycosidic bond, which may enhance the therapeutic potential of such compounds owing to the inability of enzymes to degrade C-glycosidic bonds. Here, the first crystal structures of the E. coli FimH adhesin in complex with C-glycosidically linked mannopyranosides are presented. These findings explain the role of the spacer in positioning biphenyl ligands for interactions by means of aromatic stacking in the tyrosine gate of FimH and how the normally hydrated C-glycosidic link is tolerated. As these new compounds can bind FimH, it can be assumed that they have the potential to serve as potent new antagonists of FimH, paving the way for the design of a new family of anti-adhesive compounds against urinary-tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome de Ruyck
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
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198
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Abstract
Exopolysaccharides play an important structural and functional role in the development and maintenance of microbial biofilms. Although the majority of research to date has focused on the exopolysaccharide systems of biofilm-forming bacteria, recent studies have demonstrated that medically relevant fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus also form biofilms during infection. These fungal biofilms share many similarities with those of bacteria, including the presence of secreted exopolysaccharides as core components of the extracellular matrix. This review will highlight our current understanding of fungal biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as the parallels that can be drawn with those of their bacterial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1.
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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199
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Aguayo S, Donos N, Spratt D, Bozec L. Probing the nanoadhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to titanium implant surfaces by atomic force microscopy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1443-50. [PMID: 27103802 PMCID: PMC4827898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As titanium (Ti) continues to be utilized in great extent for the fabrication of artificial implants, it is important to understand the crucial bacterium–Ti interaction occurring during the initial phases of biofilm formation. By employing a single-cell force spectroscopy technique, the nanoadhesive interactions between the early-colonizing Streptococcus sanguinis and a clinically analogous smooth Ti substrate were explored. Mean adhesion forces between S. sanguinis and Ti were found to be 0.32±0.00, 1.07±0.06, and 4.85±0.56 nN for 0, 1, and 60 seconds contact times, respectively; while adhesion work values were reported at 19.28±2.38, 104.60±7.02, and 1,317.26±197.69 aJ for 0, 1, and 60 seconds, respectively. At 60 seconds surface delays, minor-rupture events were modeled with the worm-like chain model yielding an average contour length of 668±12 nm. The mean force for S. sanguinis minor-detachment events was 1.84±0.64 nN, and Poisson analysis decoupled this value into a short-range force component of −1.60±0.34 nN and a long-range force component of −0.55±0.47 nN. Furthermore, a solution of 2 mg/mL chlorhexidine was found to increase adhesion between the bacterial probe and substrate. Overall, single-cell force spectroscopy of living S. sanguinis cells proved to be a reliable way to characterize early-bacterial adhesion onto machined Ti implant surfaces at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Aguayo
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Periodontology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dave Spratt
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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200
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Schmidt-Emrich S, Stiefel P, Rupper P, Katzenmeier H, Amberg C, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q. Rapid Assay to Assess Bacterial Adhesion on Textiles. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:E249. [PMID: 28773373 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Textiles are frequently colonized by microorganisms leading to undesired consequences like hygienic problems. Biocidal coatings often raise environmental and health concerns, thus sustainable, biocide-free coatings are of interest. To develop novel anti-adhesive textile coatings, a rapid, reliable, and quantitative high-throughput method to study microbial attachment to fabrics is required, however currently not available. Here, a fast and reliable 96-well plate-based screening method is developed. The quantification of bacterial adhesion is based on nucleic acid staining by SYTO9, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as the model microorganisms. Subsequently, 38 commercially available and novel coatings were evaluated for their anti-bacterial adhesion properties. A poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) coating on polyester textile substratum revealed an 80% reduction of bacterial adhesion. Both the coating itself and the anti-adhesive property were stable after 20 washing cycles, confirmed by X-ray analysis. The assay provides an efficient tool to rapidly screen for non-biocidal coatings reducing bacterial attachment.
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