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Hong M, Zhao Y, Su W, Cao R, Fujita M, Zhou Z, Chan AS. A Silver(I) Coordination Polymer Chain Containing Nanosized Tubes with Anionic and Solvent Molecule Guests This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China. M.C.H. thanks the Croucher Foundation of Hong Kong for financial support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:2468-2470. [PMID: 10941104 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000717)39:14<2468::aid-anie2468>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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152
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Sun D, Cao R, Liang Y, Hong M, Su W, Weng J. μ-Terephthalato-bis[bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I)] diperchlorate. Acta Crystallogr C 2000; 56:E240-1. [PMID: 15263109 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270100006119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2000] [Accepted: 04/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, [Cu(2)(C(8)H(4)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(4)](ClO(4))(2), was prepared from the hydrothermal reaction of CuCl(2), 1,4-dicyanobenzene, 1,10-phenanthroline and water at 443 K. The compound is a dimer in which the cation lies about an inversion center. The terephthalate moiety acts as a bridging ligand and the phenanthrolines as terminal ligands. The unique Cu atom is coordinated by two O and four N atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry, with Cu-O distances of 1.955 (2) and 2.815 (2) A, and Cu-N distances of 2.008 (2) to 2.216 (2) A.
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Bao M, Hong M, Su W, Cao R. Bis(N,N-diethyl-1,1-diselenocarbamato-Se)selenium, [(Se2CNEt2)2Se]. Acta Crystallogr C 2000; 56:E219-20. [PMID: 15263160 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270100005497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2000] [Accepted: 04/10/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyseleno title compound, bis(N,N-diethylselenocarbamoyl) triselenide, [(Se(2)CNEt(2))(2)Se] or C(10)H(20)N(2)Se(5), is obtained from the disproportion of sodium N,N-diethyl-1,1-diselenocarbamate. An Se atom connects two N,N-diethyl-1,1-diselenocarbamate groups with Se-Se distances in the range 2.4500 (11)-2.8601 (12) A
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154
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Bi XL, Cao R, He JX, Han F, Wu SH. [Functional and structural study of the prokaryotic enhancer-like element VV16 from vaccinia virus genome]. SHENG WU GONG CHENG XUE BAO = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2000; 16:337-40. [PMID: 11059276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
An enhancer-like element VV16 from Vaccinia virus genome DNA was obtained by using the plasmid with CAT reporter gene. Sequence analysis showed the element of 112 bp is a part of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, polyA polymerase and DNA polymerase (RPO30 gene). It contains 4 AT-rich regions. Detection of beta-galactosidase activity showed that VV16 in the positive direction can increase the activity 9.0 times and VV16 in the negative direction can increase 4.1 times. The RNA dot blotting confirmed the enhancing activity of the element are on the transcription level. DNA deletion experiment indicated the sequences of 10 bp at the 5' end and 12 bp at the 3' end in the element are important to its function and the sequence from nt76 to nt82 is essential to its activity.
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155
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Zhou Z, Apte SS, Soininen R, Cao R, Baaklini GY, Rauser RW, Wang J, Cao Y, Tryggvason K. Impaired endochondral ossification and angiogenesis in mice deficient in membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4052-7. [PMID: 10737763 PMCID: PMC18145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.060037197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase I (MT1-MMP)-deficient mice were found to have severe defects in skeletal development and angiogenesis. The craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletons were severely affected, leading to a short and domed skull, marked deceleration of postnatal growth, and death by 3 wk of age. Shortening of bones is a consequence of decreased chondrocyte proliferation in the proliferative zone of the growth plates. Defective vascular invasion of cartilage leads to enlargement of hypertrophic zones of growth plates and delayed formation of secondary ossification centers in long bones. In an in vivo corneal angiogenesis assay, null mice did not have angiogenic response to implanted FGF-2, suggesting that the defect in angiogenesis is not restricted to cartilage alone. In tissues from null mice, activation of latent matrix metalloproteinase 2 was deficient, suggesting that MT1-MMP is essential for its activation in vivo.
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Abstract
The new versatile multidentate nonchelating ligand 1,2-bis[(2-pyr-imidinyl)-sulfanylmethyl]benzene (bpsb) was designed and prepared for supramolecular syntheses. Self-assembly between silver nitrate and the bpsb ligand resulted in the polymer [Ag4(bpsb)2-(NO3)4]n (1) with a single-stranded helical chain structure. Each bpsb ligand in 1 acts as a tetradentate ligand, in which two sulfur atoms and two nitrogen atoms from different pyrimidine groups coordinate to four Ag atoms in four different directions. The nitrate anions serve as a template for the formation of the helix and are either embedded in the interior of the helix or located in the flank of the helix. Self-assembly between silver perchlorate and the bpsb ligand under the same conditions gave rise to the polymer [Ag2(bpsb)3(ClO4)2]n (2) comprising a two-dimensional lamellar network containing crownlike cavities. The silver atoms in two adjacent layers are arranged staggered in 2. The two-dimensional lamellar network comprising isolated cavities of [Ag6(bpsb)6] is very different from that of usual honeycomb structures.
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157
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Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also called interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducing factor, has recently been characterized as a potent IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine. We now report that IL-18 is a novel antiangiogenic and antitumor cytokine. In vitro, IL-18 specifically inhibits fibroblast growth factor-2-stimulated proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. In vivo, IL-18 is sufficiently potent to suppress the fibroblast growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization by systemic administration in mice. This cytokine also inhibits embryonic angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Systemic and intralesional administrations of IL-18 produce a significant suppression of the growth of murine T241 fibrosarcoma in syngeneic C57Bl6/J and immunodeficient SCID mice. The antitumor effect appears to be potent because an average of >75% inhibition of primary tumor growth was observed at a dose of 50 microg/kg/day. In cell culture, murine T241 fibrosarcoma cells are insensitive to recombinant IL-18 at concentrations that significantly inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissues reveal hypovascularization of the IL-18-treated tumors. These results suggest that IL-18 may participate in the regulation of a switch of tumor angiogenesis.-Cao, R., Farnebo, J., Kurimoto, M., Cao, Y. Interleukin-18 acts as an angiogenesis and tumor suppressor.
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158
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Zhao Y, Su W, Cao R, Hong M. Hexakis(tetraethylammonium) tri-μ4-iodo-di-μ3-iodo-hexakis[iodosilver(I)] iodide, (Et4N)6[Ag6I11]I. Acta Crystallogr C 1999. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199098765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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159
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Cao R. Effect of Brassinolide on Growth and Shikonin Formation in Cultured Onosma paniculatum Cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 1999; 18:89-92. [PMID: 10552138 DOI: 10.1007/pl00007054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of brassinolide (BR) on cell growth and shikonin and its derivative formation in Onosma paniculatum cell culture was studied. BR addition with IAA and BAP (+BR/+IAA/+BAP) in B(5) medium slightly increased the cell growth at 0.01-0.1 ppb concentration compared with a growth control (-BR/+IAA/+BAP). Only BR addition (+BR/-IAA/-BAP) at 0.001-100 ppb in B(5) medium significantly increased the cell fresh weight compared with a growth control (-BR/-IAA/-BAP). The same concentration of BR tested at 0-1000 ppb increased the cell fresh weight of +IAA/+BAP significantly more than that of -IAA/-BAP. BR at 0.001-0.1 ppb with IAA and BAP added (+BR/+IAA/+BAP) in M(9) medium increased shikonin and its derivative content markedly by 31-87%, compared with its control (-BR/+IAA/+BAP). BR at 0.001-1000 ppb without IAA and BAP added to M(9) medium (+BR/-IAA/-BAP) also increased shikonin and its derivative content compared with its control (-BR/-IAA/-BAP). However, the amount of shikonin and derivative formed of +IAA/+BAP was greater than that of -IAA/-BAP only at the same concentration of BR at 0-1 ppb. These combined results show that BR at 0.01 ppb with IAA and BAP added was the best for cell growth and shikonin formation. Formation of shikonin and its derivative by adding BR at 0.01 ppb with IAA and BAP (+BR/+IAA/+BAP) in M(9) medium was significantly enhanced 4 days after BR addition compared with a production control (-BR/+IAA/+BAP). In contrast, +BR/-IAA/-BAP vs. -BR/-IAA/-BAP was not as effective as +BR/+IAA/+BAP vs. -BR/+IAA/+BAP for the shikonin formation. The time course study for shikonin formation also showed that +BR/+IAA/+BAP and -BP/+IAA/+BAP only slightly increased cell growth in M(9) medium. Similarly, soluble protein content in the cells treated by BR at 0.01 ppb with IAA and BAP (+BR/+IAA/+BAP) exceeded that of the control (-BR/+IAA/+BAP) 4 days after BR addition. And +BR/-IAA/-BAP only slightly increased the soluble protein content over that of -BR/-IAA/-BAP.
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160
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Zhou Y, Hu X, Zhao Z, He X, Peng Q, Peng X, Huang L, Sun B, Cao R. [Antihypertensive study of xingnao qingxuan recipe]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1999; 24:483-8, 511-2. [PMID: 12205868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of decreasing blood pressure of Xingnao Qingxuan Casuples. METHOD The blood pressure in normal and anesthetised cats was examined with direct method, the blood pressure in the conscious SHR was obtained by indirect method. RESULTS Duodenuos administration(id) of XQC of 2.8 g/kg produced a decrease of blood pressure in normal cats; XQC of 1.4, 2.8 and 5.6 g/kg once a day for 14 days produced a dose-dependent reduction of blood pressure in SHR, 3-4 days after administration the blood pressure returned to the level before but the change was not significant. With gastric administration of XQC of 2.8 and 5.6 g/kg for 3 times, the incubation period of eyeball tremor induced by chloroform by dropping into the ear was prolonged by 14.4% and 13.0%, and the keeping time shortened by about 33.3% and 23.3% respectively. Brain basic arterial spasm induced by KCl or 5-HT in dog was relaxed obviously by XQC in vitro experiment. CONCLUSION XQC has the effect of reducing blood pressure resisting dizziness, which is related to the diastole of brain blood vessel.
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161
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Zhang Q, Xin X, Hong M, Cao R, Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Fun HK. A W–Ag–Se cluster compound: (μ3-bromo)(μ3-tetraselenidotungstide)tris(triphenylphosphinesilver) ethanol solvate, [(μ3-Br)(μ3-WSe4)(AgPPh3)3].EtOH. Acta Crystallogr C 1999. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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162
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Cao R, Wu HL, Veitonmäki N, Linden P, Farnebo J, Shi GY, Cao Y. Suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth by the inhibitor K1-5 generated by plasmin-mediated proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:5728-33. [PMID: 10318952 PMCID: PMC21928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are involved in generation of a number of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors. Previously, we reported that angiostatin, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, is a proteolytic fragment containing the first four kringle modules of plasminogen. In this report, we demonstrate that urokinase-activated plasmin can process plasminogen to release an angiogenesis inhibitor, K1-5 (protease-activated kringles 1-5). K1-5 inhibits endothelial-cell proliferation with a half-maximal concentration of approximately 50 pM. This inhibitory effect is endothelial-cell-specific and appears to be at least approximately 50-fold greater than that of angiostatin. A synergistic efficacy of endothelial inhibition was observed when angiostatin and kringle 5 (K5) were coincubated with capillary endothelial cells. The synergistic effect is comparable to that produced by K1-5 alone. Systemic treatment of mice with K1-5 at a low dose significantly blocked the fibroblast growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization, whereas angiostatin had no effect at the same dose. K1-5 also suppressed angiogenesis in chicken embryos. Systemic administration of K1-5 at a low dose at which angiostatin was ineffective significantly suppressed the growth of a murine T241 fibrosarcoma in mice. The antitumor effect correlates with the reduced neovascularization. These findings suggest that the plasmin-mediated proteolysis may be involved in the negative switch of angiogenesis.
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163
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Li W, Hong M, Cao R, Kang B, Liu H. g-matrix based on configuration interaction and Stone's perturbation theory. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1999; 138:74-79. [PMID: 10329228 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stone's formula, which has usually been applied to the calculation of the g-matrix, is based on a single-configuration treatment. Here a limited configuration interaction is included to obtain the expressions of the principal g values for an orbitally nondegenerate molecule with spin S = 12. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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164
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Li W, Hong M, Cao R, Kang B, Liu H. The g values of some halomolybdenyl, -vanadyl, and -chromyl complexes. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1999; 138:80-88. [PMID: 10329229 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The principal g values of a series of [MOXn]m- (M = VIV, CrV, MoV; X = F-, Cl-, Br-; n = 4, 5; m = 1, 2, 3) complexes are calculated by the INDO-CI-Stone method. The results agree well with the experimental data and reveal that the traditional models have some limitations in calculating g values for some complexes of this type.
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165
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166
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Sánchez-Sellero C, González-Manteiga W, Cao R. Bandwidth Selection in Density Estimation with Truncated and Censored Data. ANN I STAT MATH 1999. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1003879001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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167
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Cao Y, Linden P, Farnebo J, Cao R, Eriksson A, Kumar V, Qi JH, Claesson-Welsh L, Alitalo K. Vascular endothelial growth factor C induces angiogenesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14389-94. [PMID: 9826710 PMCID: PMC24383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) recently has been described to be a relatively specific growth factor for the lymphatic vascular system. Here we report that ectopic application of recombinant VEGF-C also has potent angiogenic effects in vivo. VEGF-C is sufficiently potent to stimulate neovascularization from limbal vessels in the mouse cornea. Similar to VEGF, the angiogenic response of corneas induced by VEGF-C is intensive, with a high density of new capillaries. However, the outgrowth of microvessels stimulated by VEGF-C was significantly longer than that induced by VEGF. In the developing embryo, VEGF-C was able to induce branch sprouts from the established blood vessels. VEGF-C also induced an elongated, spindle-like cell shape change and actin reorganization in both VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-3-overexpressing endothelial cells, but not in VEGFR-1-expressing cells. Further, both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 could mediate proliferative and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells on VEGF-C stimulation. Thus, VEGF-C may regulate physiological angiogenesis and participate in the development and progression of angiogenic diseases in addition to lymphangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Allantois/blood supply
- Animals
- Aorta
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Size
- Chick Embryo
- Chorion/blood supply
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cornea/blood supply
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Pichia
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Swine
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
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168
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Bao M, Cao R, Su W, Hong M. (1,1-Dimercaptoethene-2,2-dicarbonitrilato- S, S')bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) Diacetonitrile Solvate. Acta Crystallogr C 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270198006465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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169
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Cao R, Peng S, Zhang S, Qi F. [The effect of detrusor instability secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy on the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1998; 36:424-6. [PMID: 11825431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of detrusor instability secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) on the density of cholinesterase-containing nerve in detrusor samples. METHOD Our present study included 3 groups confirmed by urodynamic evaluation. They were control group (8 cases), obstructive detrusor stability group (7), and obstructive instability group (12). The specimens were obtained from the dome of bladder. The AchE-containing nerves were demonstrated by the method of Karnovsky-Roots staining and AchE silver staining. The density of AchE containing detrusor nerves in specimens was examined with sterologic techniques. RESULT The density of AchE-containing nerves in the obstructive detrusor instability group and the stability group was significantly decreased as compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The density of AchE positive nerves were also significantly decreased in the obstructive instability group as compared with the obstructive stability group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Detrusor instability secondary to BPH obstruction is related to the decrease of cholinergic innervation density in the detrusor muscles.
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170
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Su W, Hong M, Cao R, Liu H. Tetraethylammonium (2,2-Dicyano-1,1-ethylenedithiolato-S,S')bis(triphenylphosphino-P)copper(I), (Et4N)[Cu(PPh3)2{S2C2(CN)2}]. Acta Crystallogr C 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197009815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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171
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Cao R. Determination of SOD-Like activity of Copper(II) complexes with α-Amino acid dithiocarbamates. J Inorg Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(96)00175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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172
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Su W, Hong M, Cao R, Liu H. [1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane-P,P']bis(α-toluenethiolato-S)palladium(II), [Pd{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}(SCH2Ph)2]. Acta Crystallogr C 1997. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270196012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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173
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Cao R, Febrerobande M, Gonzalez-Manteiga W, Prada-Sanchez J, Garcfa-Jurado I. Saving computer time in constructing consistent bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive processes. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/03610919708813420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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174
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Schmidt AM, Weidman E, Lalla E, Yan SD, Hori O, Cao R, Brett JG, Lamster IB. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induce oxidant stress in the gingiva: a potential mechanism underlying accelerated periodontal disease associated with diabetes. J Periodontal Res 1996; 31:508-15. [PMID: 8915955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that one mechanism underlying advanced periodontal disease in diabetes may involve oxidant stress in the gingiva, induced by the effects of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), the irreversible products of non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids which accumulate in diabetic plasma and tissue. Infusion of AGE albumin, a prototypic ligand, into mice resulted in increased generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared with infusion of non-glycated albumin in the gingiva, as well as in the lung, kidney and brain. Pretreatment of the animals with the antioxidants probucol or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented the generation of TBARS in the gingiva. Affinity-purified antibody to AGEs demonstrated increased immunoreactivity for AGEs in the vasculature and connective tissues of the gingiva in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic controls. Increased immunoreactivity for AGEs was also demonstrated in the gingiva of diabetic humans compared with non-diabetic individuals via immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Consistent with these data, immunohistochemistry for heme oxygenase-1, a marker of enhanced oxidant stress, was increased in the gingival vasculature of diabetic mice and humans compared with non-diabetic controls. These data suggest that AGEs present in diabetic gingiva may be associated with a state of enhanced oxidant stress, a potential mechanism for accelerated tissue injury.
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175
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Gonzàlez-Manteiga W, Cao R, Marron JS. Bootstrap Selection of the Smoothing Parameter in Nonparametric Hazard Rate Estimation. J Am Stat Assoc 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1996.10476983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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176
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Gonzalez-Manteiga W, Cao R, Marron JS. Bootstrap Selection of the Smoothing Parameter in Nonparametric Hazard Rate Estimation. J Am Stat Assoc 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/2291732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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177
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Liu GK, Cao R, Beitz JV, Huang J. Analysis of angularly dependent ODNMR spectra of 151Eu3+ in LaF3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:483-487. [PMID: 9984284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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178
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Schmidt AM, Hori O, Cao R, Yan SD, Brett J, Wautier JL, Ogawa S, Kuwabara K, Matsumoto M, Stern D. RAGE: a novel cellular receptor for advanced glycation end products. Diabetes 1996; 45 Suppl 3:S77-80. [PMID: 8674899 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.3.s77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of proteins to reducing sugars results in nonenzymatic glycation with the ultimate formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). One means through which AGEs modulate cellular functions is through binding to specific cell surface acceptor molecules. The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is such a receptor and is a newly identified member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on endothelial cells (ECs), mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both vivo and in vitro. Binding of AGEs to RAGE results in induction of cellular oxidant stress, as exemplified by the generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, expression of heme oxygenase type I, and activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, with consequences for a range of cellular functions. AGEs on the surface of diabetic red cells enhance binding to endothelial RAGE and result in enhanced oxidant stress in the vessel wall. By using reagents to selectively block access to RAGE, the role of this receptor in AGE-mediated perturbation of cellular properties can be dissected in detail.
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Cao R, Alemany J, Cabrero C, Carracedo A, Díez A, Valverde E. Semiparametric approach to match probability calculations using single locus probes. Int J Legal Med 1996; 108:306-12. [PMID: 8793638 DOI: 10.1007/bf02432125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A semiparametric approach to match probability calculations using single locus probes has been developed and compared graphically with other standard methods by a one-sample simulation. The density functions obtained using this method are closer to the real distributions than those obtained by conventional approaches. Our method does not need to establish an arbitrary match threshold, which has been a source of problems in practical applications of standard methods. Moreover, it can be adjusted to any particular conditions by setting the experimental error and correlation of each laboratory. To assess the practical performance of this method we carried out a comparison experiment using a sample of 229 individuals analysed in duplicate.
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180
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Schmidt AM, Crandall J, Hori O, Cao R, Lakatta E. Elevated plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a marker of vascular dysfunction and progressive vascular disease. Br J Haematol 1996; 92:747-50. [PMID: 8616048 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.379915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which accumulate in diabetic vasculature, result in enhanced expression of endothelial cell-associated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as well release of a soluble form of VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) into culture supernatants. We hypothesized that sVCAM-1 in diabetic plasma might reflect early vascular perturbation in diabetic vasculopathy. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, a group with a high incidence of vascular complications, had increased plasma levels of sVCAM-1, approximately 1.5-fold greater than diabetic patients without microalbuminuria; P < 0.05. sVCAM-1 may be an indicator of ongoing cellular dysfunction in diabetes, as well as a dynamic surrogate marker for the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
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181
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Liu GK, Cao R, Beitz JV. Nuclear quadrupole interaction of 243Am3+ in LaCl3 measured via optical spectral-hole burning. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:2385-2388. [PMID: 9983740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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182
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Cao R, Fragoso A, Villalonga R. Interpretation of the cytostatic properties of sodium morpholyldithiocarbamate, a chelating agent. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00817269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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183
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Wautier JL, Zoukourian C, Chappey O, Wautier MP, Guillausseau PJ, Cao R, Hori O, Stern D, Schmidt AM. Receptor-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products blocks hyperpermeability in diabetic rats. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:238-43. [PMID: 8550841 PMCID: PMC507085 DOI: 10.1172/jci118397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional endothelium is associated with and, likely, predates clinical complications of diabetes mellitus, by promoting increased vascular permeability and thrombogenicity. Irreversible advanced glycation end products (AGEs), resulting from nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins or lipids, are found in plasma, vessel wall, and tissues and have been linked to the development of diabetic complications. The principal means through which AGEs exert their cellular effects is via specific cellular receptors, one of which, receptor for AGE (RAGE), is expressed by endothelium. We report that blockade of RAGE inhibits AGE-induced impairment of endothelial barrier function, and reverse, in large part, the early vascular hyperpermeability observed in diabetic rats. Inhibition of AGE- and diabetes-mediated hyperpermeability by antioxidants, both in vitro and in vivo, suggested the central role of AGE-RAGE-induced oxidant stress in the development of hyperpermeability. Taken together, these data support the concept that ligation of AGEs by endothelial RAGE induces cellular dysfunction, at least in part by an oxidant-sensitive mechanism, contributing to vascular hyperpermeability in diabetes, and that RAGE is central to this pathologic process.
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184
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Hori O, Brett J, Slattery T, Cao R, Zhang J, Chen JX, Nagashima M, Lundh ER, Vijay S, Nitecki D. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cellular binding site for amphoterin. Mediation of neurite outgrowth and co-expression of rage and amphoterin in the developing nervous system. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:25752-61. [PMID: 7592757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.43.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a newly-identified member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates interactions of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified proteins with endothelium and other cell types. Survey of normal tissues demonstrated RAGE expression in situations in which accumulation of AGEs would be unexpected, leading to the hypothesis that under physiologic circumstances, RAGE might mediate interaction with ligands distinct from AGEs. Sequential chromatography of bovine lung extract identified polypeptides with M(r) values of approximately 12,000 (p12) and approximately 23,000 (p23) which bound RAGE. NH2-terminal and internal protein sequence data for p23 matched that reported previously for amphoterin. Amphoterin purified from rat brain or recombinant rat amphoterin bound to purified sRAGE in a saturable and dose-dependent manner, blocked by anti-RAGE IgG or a soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE). Cultured embryonic rat neurons, which express RAGE, displayed dose-dependent binding of 125I-amphoterin which was prevented by blockade of RAGE using antibody to the receptor or excess soluble receptor (sRAGE). A functional correlate of RAGE-amphoterin interaction was inhibition by anti-RAGE F(ab')2 and sRAGE of neurite formation by cortical neurons specifically on amphoterin-coated substrates. Consistent with a potential role for RAGE-amphoterin interaction in development, amphoterin and RAGE mRNA/antigen were co-localized in developing rat brain. These data indicate that RAGE has physiologically relevant ligands distinct from AGEs which are likely, via their interaction with the receptor, to participate in physiologic processes outside of the context of diabetes and accumulation of AGEs.
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185
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Schmidt AM, Hori O, Chen JX, Li JF, Crandall J, Zhang J, Cao R, Yan SD, Brett J, Stern D. Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes. J Clin Invest 1995; 96:1395-403. [PMID: 7544803 PMCID: PMC185762 DOI: 10.1172/jci118175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), an inducible cell-cell recognition protein on the endothelial cell surface (EC), has been associated with early stages of atherosclerosis. In view of the accelerated vascular disease observed in patients with diabetes, and the enhanced expression of VCAM-1 in diabetic rabbits, we examined whether irreversible advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), could mediate VCAM-1 expression by interacting with their endothelial cell receptor (receptor for AGE, RAGE). Exposure of cultured human ECs to AGEs induced expression of VCAM-1, increased adhesivity of the monolayer for Molt-4 cells, and was associated with increased levels of VCAM-1 transcripts. The inhibitory effect of anti-RAGE IgG, a truncated form of the receptor (soluble RAGE) or N-acetylcysteine on VCAM-1 expression indicated that AGE-RAGE-induced oxidant stress was central to VCAM-1 induction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays on nuclear extracts from AGE-treated ECs showed induction of specific DNA binding activity for NF-kB in the VCAM-1 promoter, which was blocked by anti-RAGE IgG or N-acetylcysteine. Soluble VCAM-1 antigen was elevated in human diabetic plasma. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that AGE-RAGE interaction induces expression of VCAM-1 which can prime diabetic vasculature for enhanced interaction with circulating monocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidative Stress
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Umbilical Veins
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
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186
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Cao R, Jiang F, Hong M, Li H, Liu H. Bis(phenylthiolato-S)bis(tri-n-butylphosphine-P)nickel(II), [Ni(SPh)2(PnBu3)2]. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270194014940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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187
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García-Jurado I, González-Manteiga W, Prada-Sánchez JM, Febrero-Bande M, Cao R. Predicting Using Box—Jenkins, Nonparametric, and Bootstrap Techniques. Technometrics 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00401706.1995.10484336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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188
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García-Jurado I, González-Manteiga W, Prada-Sánchez JM, Febrero-Bande M, Cao R, Garcia-Jurado I, Gonzalez-Manteiga W, Prada-Sanchez JM. Predicting Using Box-Jenkins, Nonparametric, and Bootstrap Techniques. Technometrics 1995. [DOI: 10.2307/1269914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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189
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Cao R, Hong M, Jiang F, Liu H. A Dinuclear Palladium Compound, [Pd2(PPh3)2(SC2H4S)2]. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270194015076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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190
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Jiang F, Huang X, Cao R, Hong M, Liu H. A Hexacobalt Sulfide Cluster Compound, [Co6(μ-S)8(PPh3)6].2PPh3.2C2H4Cl2.H2O. Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270194014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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191
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Cao R, Dong D, Dong G. [Mortality study of cancer among Anshan iron and steel workers]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1995; 17:195-8. [PMID: 7656824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer mortality in the period between 1971 and 1988 was surveyed among 71,803 male workers at thirty two major plants in Anshan Iron and Steel Corporation. A total of 5,896 deaths was registered. Cancer deaths occurred in 1,830, accounting for 31.04% of all deaths. The five leading cancers were that of lung, liver, stomach, esophagus and intestine. Cancer death rate increased with age and with calender year. The SMR for all cancers and for the cancer of lung, stomach and esophagus indicated significant excess (P < 0.01). 77.49% of all cancer deaths, and 82.82% of deaths with lung cancer occurred in smokers. The findings show that the mortality of cancer amongiron and steel workers in Anshan was the leading cause of death, and the death rate was higher than that of local and large city population such as in Beijing, Shanghai, etc. The excess cancer rate, especially that of lung cancer, may be related to carcinogenic agents in the working environment and smoking habit.
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192
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Schmidt AM, Hasu M, Popov D, Zhang JH, Chen J, Yan SD, Brett J, Cao R, Kuwabara K, Costache G. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has a central role in vessel wall interactions and gene activation in response to circulating AGE proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:8807-11. [PMID: 8090728 PMCID: PMC44695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.19.8807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extended interaction of aldoses with proteins or lipids results in nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation, ultimately forming AGEs, the presence of which in the plasma and vessel wall is associated with diabetic vascular complications. We show here that AGE albumin in the intravascular space interacts with the vessel wall via binding to an integral membrane protein, receptor for AGE (RAGE), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, resulting in clearance from the plasma and induction of interleukin 6 mRNA. Intravenously infused 125I-AGE albumin showed a rapid phase of plasma clearance with deposition in several organs. Rapid removal of 125I-AGE albumin from the plasma was prevented by administration of a soluble, truncated form of RAGE, which blocked binding of 125I-labeled AGE albumin to cultured endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes, as well as by pretreatment with anti-RAGE IgG. Ultrastructural studies with AGE albumin-colloidal gold conjugates perfused in situ showed that in murine coronary vasculature this probe was taken up by endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles followed by transport either to the abluminal surface or by accumulation in intracellular vesicular structures reminiscent of endosomes and lysosomes. Consequences of AGE-RAGE interaction included induction of interleukin 6 mRNA expression in mice. These data indicate that RAGE mediates the interaction of AGEs with the vessel wall, both for removal of these glycated proteins from the plasma and for changes in gene expression.
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193
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Schmidt A, Mora R, Cao R, Yan S, Brett J, Ramakrishnan R, Tsang T, Simionescu M, Stern D. The endothelial cell binding site for advanced glycation end products consists of a complex: an integral membrane protein and a lactoferrin-like polypeptide. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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194
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Schmidt AM, Mora R, Cao R, Yan SD, Brett J, Ramakrishnan R, Tsang TC, Simionescu M, Stern D. The endothelial cell binding site for advanced glycation end products consists of a complex: an integral membrane protein and a lactoferrin-like polypeptide. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:9882-8. [PMID: 8144581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed as the result of the extended interaction of proteins with ketoses, modulate central properties of endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes by interacting with a cell surface binding site comprised of a novel integral membrane protein (receptor for AGE = RAGE) and a lactoferrin-like polypeptide (LF-L), the latter having sequence identity to lactoferrin (LF). To further understand this cellular binding site, the interaction of RAGE with LF-L and LF was characterized. By ligand blotting and a solid state competitive binding assay, 125I-LF-L and 125I-LF bound to RAGE immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes or polypropylene tubes in a time-dependent and reversible manner, demonstrating a high affinity component with Kd approximately 100 pM. The interaction of 125I-LF-L and 125I-LF with RAGE was independent of iron in LF and was competed by addition of an excess of unlabeled carboxyl-terminal portion of LF. Cross-linking studies with purified 125I-LF-L and RAGE, in the presence of disuccinimidyl suberate, showed a new, slowly migrating band, corresponding to a complex of RAGE and LF-L, and cross-linking on mouse aortic endothelial cells showed two new slowly migrating bands on immunoblotting visualized with both anti-RAGE IgG and anti-LF-L IgG. These data lead us to propose that the endothelial cell surface binding site for AGEs consists of LF-L bound noncovalently to RAGE anchored in the cell membrane.
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195
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Diaz A, Cao R, Garcia A. Characterization and biological properties of a copper(II) complex with pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazone. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00812694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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196
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Valverde E, Cabrero C, Cao R, Rodríguez-Calvo MS, Díez A, Barros F, Alemany J, Carracedo A. Population genetics of three VNTR polymorphisms in two different Spanish populations. Int J Legal Med 1993; 105:251-6. [PMID: 8471542 DOI: 10.1007/bf01370381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two different Spanish populations, one from Galicia (NW Spain) and the other from the rest of Spain, have been analyzed at three different hypervariable loci (YNH24, MS43a and MS31) using the EDNAP electrophoretic protocol and HinfI as restriction enzyme. Although the "rest of Spain" population is a clearly stratified population using classical blood groups, no evidence of stratification for these loci has been found and the differences to the Galician population were not significant, which suggests that a common Spanish population data-base could be possible. A semiparametric model is proposed for estimating frequencies, using the smoothed cross-validation of Hall et al. (1992) to calculate the size of the window utilized.
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197
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Yeh J, Hwang J, Bertness K, Friedman DJ, Cao R, Lindau I. Growth of the room temperature Au/Si(111)-7 x 7 interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:3768-3771. [PMID: 10053957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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198
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Wei G, Huang Z, Lei X, Cao R, Jiang F, Hong M, Liu H. Structure of [bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine-P,P,P]carbonyl(phenylthiolato)cobalt(I), [Co{Ph2PCH2CH2P(Ph)CH2CH2PPh2}(SPh)(CO)]. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270192003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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199
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Wang NH, Guo KY, Yuan CR, Cao R. [Re-discovery of yinzhou chaihu]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1992; 17:643-6, 701. [PMID: 1301747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the distribution, original plant, course of rise and fall in drug market and quality of Yinzhou Chaihu, which was once regarded as a fine sort of Chinese drug Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri) in ancient times. Further research on this medicinal plant is suggested to facilitate its re-exploitation and utilization.
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200
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Cao R, Huang Z, Lei X, Kang B, Hong M, Liu H. Structure of a dinuclear nickel compound, Ni2(PPh3)2(SC3H6S)2. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270192000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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