201
|
Bhuiyan MIH, Lee JH, Kim SY, Cho KO. Expression of exogenous LIN28 contributes to proliferation and survival of mouse primary cortical neurons in vitro. Neuroscience 2013; 248:448-58. [PMID: 23806711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
LIN28, an RNA-binding protein, is known to be involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, such as embryonic stem cell proliferation, cell fate succession, developmental timing, and oncogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of constitutively expressing exogenous LIN28 on neuronal cell proliferation and viability in vitro. Plasmids containing LIN28-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP were introduced into the embryonic mouse brains at E14.5 by in utero electroporation. Two days after electroporation, embryonic cortices were harvested and cultured. It was found that transfected cells stably overexpressed LIN28 in vitro. Viability curve from live cell imaging showed that the number of GFP-expressing cells decreased over time in line with naive primary cortical neurons. In contrast, the number of LIN28-GFP-overexpressing neurons initially increased and remained high at later time-points in culture than GFP-expressing cells. Double immunofluorescence showed that at an early time in culture, the number of Ki-67/GFP double-positive cells was higher in the LIN28-GFP group than that of controls. Moreover, there were significantly lower numbers of condensed nuclei/GFP- and cleaved caspase-3/GFP-positive cells in the LIN28-GFP groups compared to control GFP. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the LIN28-GFP-expressing cells at days in vitro (DIV)13 were neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons. Finally, the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was induced in LIN28-expressing primary cortical neurons, which was not detected in controls. Taken together, our results indicate that the expression of exogenous LIN28 can promote the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and exert prosurvival effect on primary cortical neurons by inhibiting caspase-dependent apoptosis, possibly via upregulation of IGF-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I H Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - K-O Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Kim SY, Choi JH, Kim KS, Joo SJ. High NT-probnp and Procalcitonin Level Can Predict the Poor Prognosis of Acute Dyspneic Patients. Am J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.01.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
203
|
Kim SY, Lunn DD, Dyck RJ, Kirkpatrick LJ, Rosser BWC. Fiber type composition of the architecturally distinct regions of human supraspinatus muscle: a cadaveric study. Histol Histopathol 2013; 28:1021-8. [PMID: 23463598 DOI: 10.14670/hh-28.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human supraspinatus muscle is clinically important as it is frequently injured in older adults and the elderly. We have previously shown that the supraspinatus has a complex architecture with two distinct regions each consisting of three parts. Further we have found dynamic changes in architectural parameters such as fiber bundle length markedly vary between these regions. Fiber types of the supraspinatus have not been thoroughly investigated throughout its volume and are of interest to clinicians treating supraspinatus pathologies. In this study we investigated the distribution of fiber types within the distinct regions and parts of supraspinatus. Samples of supraspinatus were excised from six distinct parts of each muscle from five formalin embalmed specimens (one male, four female; mean age 77±11.1 years) free of tendon pathology. Samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and then cryosectioned. Serial sections were labeled using immunohistochemical techniques and antibodies against fast or slow myosin heavy chain isoforms. The mean percentage of Type I (slow) fibers ranged from 56.73% to 63.97%. Results demonstrated significant variations in fiber type distribution. The middle part of the anterior region has a significantly greater percentage of Type I fibers compared to that of the posterior. The superficial part of the anterior region has a greater percentage of Type II (fast) fibers compared to the middle and deep parts. Findings aid in highlighting the distinct functions of the anterior and posterior regions, and prompt the need to re-evaluate assessment and treatment techniques established on a limited understanding of the fiber type distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
Lee J, Kim SY, Park SH, Ali MA. Molecular phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Phytolaccaceae sensu lato inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:4515-25. [PMID: 23479160 DOI: 10.4238/2013.february.28.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The phylogeny of a phylogenetically poorly known family, Phytolaccaceae sensu lato (s.l.), was constructed for resolving conflicts concerning taxonomic delimitations. Cladistic analyses were made based on 44 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 11 families (Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Didiereaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae s.l., Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Sarcobataceae, Tamaricaceae, and Nepenthaceae) of the order Caryophyllales. The maximum parsimony tree from the analysis resolved a monophyletic group of the order Caryophyllales; however, the members, Agdestis, Anisomeria, Gallesia, Gisekia, Hilleria, Ledenbergia, Microtea, Monococcus, Petiveria, Phytolacca, Rivinia, Schindleria, Seguieria, Stegnosperma, and Trichostigma, which belong to the family Phytolaccaceae s.l., did not cluster under a single clade, demonstrating that Phytolaccaceae is polyphyletic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
205
|
Kim SY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Lee HJ, Cho SN, Kang YA. The responses of multiple cytokines following incubation of whole blood from TB patients, latently infected individuals and controls with the TB antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7. Scand J Immunol 2013; 76:580-6. [PMID: 22946827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of clinically relevant biomarkers is important for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and predicting their prognoses. This study examined whether the responses of multiple cytokines can be used as a biomarker to distinguish the TB infection status and mycobacterial load. We analysed the responses of multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 and TNF-α) in the supernatant from the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay following stimulation of whole blood from the TB group (n = 32), LTBI group (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 30) with TB antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7). The median responses of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 were higher in the LTBI and active TB groups than in the non-TB control group (IFN-γ, P < 0.001; IL-2, P < 0.001; IL-10, P = 0.012; IL-13, P < 0.001). The median IL-2/IFN-γ ratio of the LTBI group was higher than that of the active TB group (P = 0.014) and differed significantly between patients with LTBI, patients with smear-negative TB and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.027). This difference was especially evident between the patients with LTBI and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.047). In conclusion, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 can serve as biomarkers for distinguishing TB infection. In addition, the IL-2/IFN-γ ratio appears to be a biomarker for diagnosing LTBI and may be useful as a prognostic factor and for evaluating treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
206
|
Yun YH, Lee MK, Park SM, Kim YA, Lee WJ, Lee KS, Choi JS, Jung KH, Do YR, Kim SY, Heo DS, Kim HT, Park SR. Effect of complementary and alternative medicine on the survival and health-related quality of life among terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:489-494. [PMID: 23110809 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use influenced outcomes [survival and health-related quality of life (HRQOL)] of cancer patients whose condition had just been judged terminal. PATIENTS AND METHODS From July 2005 to October 2006, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 481 terminally ill cancer patients at 11 university hospitals and the National Cancer Center in Korea. We assessed how the use of CAM affected HRQOL and survival. RESULTS In a follow-up of 481 patients and 163.8 person-years, we identified 466 deceased cases. On multivariate analyses, CAM users did not have better survival compared with nonusers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.10]. Among mind-body interventions, prayer showed significantly worse survival (aHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.00-2.43). Clinically, CAM users reported significantly worse cognitive functioning (-11.6 versus -1.3; P < 0.05) and fatigue (9.9 versus -1.0; P < 0.05) than nonusers. Compared with nonusers in subgroup analysis, users of alternative medical treatments, prayer, vitamin supplements, mushrooms, or rice and cereal reported clinically significant worse changes in some HRQOL subscales. CONCLUSION While CAM did not provide any definite survival benefit, CAM users reported clinically significant worse HRQOLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yun
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul.
| | - M K Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - S M Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y A Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - W J Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - K S Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - J S Choi
- Department of Oncology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung
| | - K H Jung
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y R Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam University School of Medicine, Daejeon
| | - D S Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H T Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - S R Park
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Magnus CRA, Boychuk K, Kim SY, Farthing JP. At-home resistance tubing strength training increases shoulder strength in the trained and untrained limb. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:586-93. [PMID: 23293845 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to determine if an at-home resistance tubing strength training program on one shoulder (that is commonly used in rehabilitation settings) would produce increases in strength in the trained and untrained shoulders via cross-education. Twenty-three participants were randomized to TRAIN (strength-trained one shoulder; n = 13) or CONTROL (no intervention; n = 10). Strength training was completed at home using resistance tubing and consisted of maximal shoulder external rotation, internal rotation, scaption, retraction, and flexion 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Strength was measured via handheld dynamometry and muscle size measured via ultrasound. For external rotation strength, the trained (10.9 ± 10.9%) and untrained (12.7 ± 9.6%) arm of TRAIN was significantly different than CONTROL (1.6 ± 13.2%; -2.7 ± 12.3%; pooled across arm; P < 0.05). For internal rotation strength, the trained (14.8 ± 11.3%) and untrained (14.6 ± 10.1%) arm of TRAIN was significantly different than CONTROL (6.4 ± 11.2%; 5.1 ± 8.8%; pooled across arm; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for scaption strength (P = 0.056). TRAIN significantly increased muscle size in the training arm of the supraspinatus (1.90 ± 0.32 to 1.99 ± 0.31 cm), and the anterior deltoid (1.08 ± 0.37 to 1.21 ± 0.39 cm; P < 0.05). This study suggests that an at-home resistance tubing training program on one limb can produce increases in strength in both limbs, and has implications for rehabilitation after unilateral shoulder injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R A Magnus
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
208
|
Shim MJ, Roh JL, Gong G, Choi KJ, Lee JH, Cho SH, Nam SY, Kim SY. Preoperative detection and predictors of level V lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Surg 2012; 100:497-503. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. Metastasis to the posterior neck, level V, is uncommon, and level V lymphadenectomy may lead to spinal accessory nerve injury and associated postoperative morbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficiency of preoperative ultrasonography and to identify predictors of level V metastasis in patients with PTC.
Methods
This study involved patients with previously untreated PTC that had metastasized to the lateral neck, and who underwent total thyroidectomy with central and lateral neck dissection. Histopathological findings were compared with ultrasound results for various neck levels. Clinical and histopathological factors that predicted level V metastasis were identified.
Results
Of 143 patients, 26 (18·2 per cent) had lymph node metastasis at level V. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasonography for level V metastasis were 46·2 and 30·0 per cent respectively. Univariable analysis showed that male sex, extranodal disease extension, a metastatic lymph node ratio in the ipsilateral lateral neck of more than 0·2, and simultaneous involvement of ipsilateral levels II–IV or level III were associated with ipsilateral level V metastasis. Multivariable analysis revealed an independent association between macroscopic extranodal disease extension and level V metastasis (odds ratio 26·05, 95 per cent confidence interval 5·63 to 120·56; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
Preoperative ultrasonography frequently failed to detect level V metastasis in patients with metastatic PTC. Level V lymphadenectomy may be considered in patients with lymph node metastasis in the ipsilateral lateral neck with macroscopic extranodal extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Shim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-L Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-J Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Kim IS, Kim SY, Yoo HH. Effects of an aqueous-ethanolic extract of ginger on cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated drug metabolism. Pharmazie 2012; 67:1007-9. [PMID: 23346764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ginger has been extensively used as a herbal medicine for thousands of years in Asia; it has also been used as a seasoning agent in several foods and beverages worldwide. In this study, the effect of an aqueous-ethanolic extract of ginger on CYP450-mediated drug metabolism was investigated in vitro to elucidate the herb-drug interactions. A CYP450-specific substrates mixture was incubated with an aqueous-ethanolic extract of ginger in human liver microsomes fortified with an NADPH-generating system, and the metabolites generated from each of the CYP450-specific metabolic reactions were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The ginger extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.05-5 microg/mL. The resulting data showed that the ginger extract inhibited CYP2C19-mediated drug metabolism in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.8 microg/mL. When the ginger extract was pre-incubated and assessed, the inhibition pattern did not change, indicating that the inhibition of CYP2C19 was competitive rather than mechanism-based. The effects on other CYP isozyme activity were negligible at the concentrations tested. In conclusion, this inhibitory effect of ginger extract could affect the pharmacokinetics and lead to interactions with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
210
|
Kim SY, Lee H, Chae Y, Park HJ, Lee H. A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Alongside Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture. Acupunct Med 2012; 30:273-85. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2012-010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarise the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture. Methods We identified full economic evaluations such as cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) alongside randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the consequences and costs of acupuncture for any medical condition. Eleven electronic databases were searched up to March 2011 without language restrictions. Eligible RCTs were assessed using the Cochrane criteria for risk of bias and a modified version of the checklist for economic evaluation. The general characteristics and the results of each economic analysis such as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were extracted. Results Of 17 included studies, nine were CUAs that measured quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and eight were CEAs that assessed effectiveness of acupuncture based on improvements in clinical symptoms. All CUAs showed that acupuncture with or without usual care was cost-effective compared with waiting list control or usual care alone, with ICERs ranging from ¢3011/QALY (dysmenorrhoea) to ¢22 298/QALY (allergic rhinitis) in German studies, and from £3855/QALY (osteoarthritis) to £9951/QALY (headache) in UK studies. In the CEAs, acupuncture was beneficial at a relatively low cost in six European and Asian studies. All CUAs were well-designed with a low risk of bias, but this was not the case for CEAs. Conclusions Overall, this review demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture. Despite such promising results, any generalisation of these results needs to be made with caution given the diversity of diseases and the different status of acupuncture in the various countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Kim
- STAR (Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- STAR (Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- STAR (Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- STAR (Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carolina Asia Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyejung Lee
- STAR (Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Kim SY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Kang YA. Conversion rates of an interferon-γ release assay and the tuberculin skin test in the serial monitoring of healthcare workers. Infection 2012; 41:511-6. [PMID: 23104257 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular monitoring of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended, but the view about the effective method and performance of serial monitoring is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine differences in conversion rates according to TB exposure risk using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), and to evaluate the reproducibility and within-subject variability of the QFT-GIT in South Korea. METHODS Fifty-three HCWs were grouped according to their risk for TB exposure: group 1, high risk (n = 21); group 2, low risk (n = 32). Baseline and follow-up TSTs and QFT-GITs were performed from June 2009 to July 2011. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were repeated for the second QFT-GIT and a third QFT-GIT was performed after 8 weeks when discordant results of the second TST and QFT-GIT or a conversion or reversion were observed. RESULTS No difference in the QFT-GIT conversion rate was evident between the two groups (15.4 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.57), and no TST conversion was observed. The rate of QFT-GIT positivity was higher in the high-risk group (first QFT-GIT: 38.1 vs. 3.1 %, p = 0.002; second QFT-GIT: 33.3 vs. 9.4 %, p = 0.039). The re-test reproducibility of QFT-GIT results was high (100 %), and the within-subject results of repetitive QFT-GITs were variable. CONCLUSIONS Stricter prevention strategies remain necessary in HCWs at high risk of TB exposure, and serial interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) should be interpreted with caution in HCWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
212
|
Abstract
A CHCl(3): MeOH extract of the fruit ofLycium chinense Mill. (Solanaceae) was found to afford significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin dipalmitate as antihepatotoxic components. Incubation of injured hepatocytes with zeaxanthin dipalmitate reduced the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) released from damaged cells to 60.5% and 76.3% of those released from untreated controls, respectively. Zeaxanthin also reduced the levels of GPT and SDH to 68.5% and 61.3% of the levels of those released from the untreated control. The results confirm the hepatoprotective activities of zeaxanthins. Antihepatotoxic activities of zeaxanthins are comparable to that of silybin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, 151-742, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Kim HS, Lee TY, Kim EY, Choi JH, Kim SY, Hwang YC, Kang JH, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, Jeong IK. Fulminant Type 1 diabetes in a pregnant woman as an initial manifestation of the insulin autoimmune syndrome. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1335-8. [PMID: 22356444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant Type 1 diabetes is a subtype of Type 1 diabetes characterized by (1) abrupt onset of diabetes, (2) very short duration of hyperglycaemia with mildly elevated HbA(1c) (< 69 mmol/mol, 8.5%), (3) rapid progression to diabetic ketoacidosis, (4) very low C-peptide level, and (5) often associated with elevated serum pancreatic enzymes, and absence of diabetes-related autoantibodies. We encountered a case of fulminant Type 1 diabetes that developed with an initial manifestation of the insulin autoimmune syndrome and rapidly progressed to diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy. A 31-year-old Korean woman presented with recurrent sudden onset of sweating and change of consciousness during sleep at 19 weeks gestation. During a 72-h fasting test, hypoglycaemia (1.72 mmol/l) occurred at 4 h after the start of the test. At that time, there was a high insulin level (370.2 μU/ml), a paradoxically low C-peptide level (0.01 nmol/l) and a positive insulin autoantibody test. An oral glucose tolerance test revealed postprandial hyperglycaemia. She was initially diagnosed as the insulin autoimmune syndrome. On the day 5 of admission, she developed diabetic ketoacidosis. Her HbA(1c) was 62 mmol/mol (7.8%). The rapid progression of diabetic ketoacidosis altered the diagnosis to fulminant Type 1 diabetes. This case differed from typical fulminant Type 1 diabetes because it presented with hypoglycaemia, and positive insulin and anti-phospholipid antibody tests. Her HLA typing was HLA-DQA1*0302, 0501, HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3), 0901(DR9). Her glucose level was subsequently very well controlled with multiple insulin injections and she successfully delivered a healthy baby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Cho HK, Jang SH, Lee E, Kim SY, Kim S, Kwon YH, Son SM. Diffusion tensor imaging-demonstrated differences between hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy with symmetric periventricular leukomalacia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:650-4. [PMID: 22976239 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with cerebral palsy have variable clinical presentations such as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic patterns though they have PVL on conventional MR images. The authors investigated whether DTT can differentiate between hemiplegic and diplegic CP in patients presenting with symmetric PVL on conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive pediatric patients with definite hemiplegic (59 patients; 30 boys, 29 girls; mean age, 34.19 months; range, 24-52 months) or diplegic (54 patients; 27 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 31.07 months; range, 24-48 months) symptoms and bilateral symmetric PVL on conventional brain MR imaging were recruited. The states of CSTs were examined by using DTT, and the asymmetries of right and left CSTs in the hemiplegic and diplegic groups were compared by using asymmetric anisotropy indexes and asymmetric mean diffusivity indexes. RESULTS All patients in the hemiplegic group with asymmetric results exhibited disrupted integrities of more affected CSTs and sparing of less affected CSTs. However, diplegic patients revealed symmetric disrupted findings of the right and left CSTs at the upper periventricular level. Asymmetric anisotropy index and asymmetric mean diffusivity index values were significantly higher in the hemiplegic group than in the diplegic group (P < .05), and these results of DTT significantly corresponded with their typical clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS DTT may be very useful for the detailed estimation of the CST state in patients with bilateral symmetric PVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
Kim SY, Kim H, Kim SY, Ra EK, Joo SI, Shin S, Seong MW, Yoo CG, Kim EC, Park SS. The Xpert® MTB/RIF assay evaluation in South Korea, a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:1471-6. [PMID: 22981162 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A central hospital laboratory in South Korea. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay in a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden. DESIGN A total of 71 real-time polymerase chain reaction-positive sputum sediments were tested within 24 h by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection was compared with smear microscopy and culture. Rifampicin (RMP) resistance was compared with a culture-based method and rpoB gene sequencing. We also assessed the limit of detection for mutant proportions and time savings in diagnosis. RESULTS The Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected M. tuberculosis in 71 (100%) specimens (32 smear-positive, 39 smear-negative). This assay showed 100% (62/62) concordance with drug resistance confirmed by culture and 98.4% (61/62) concordance with sequencing. A specimen containing approximately 50% of mutant p.His526Tyr was falsely interpreted as wild-type bacilli by this assay. The minimal detection ratio was 5:1 of mutant vs. wild-type cells. The median time saved was 18.5 days (range 9-30) for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis and 81.5 days (65-136) for RMP susceptibility in smear-negative, culture-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS The Xpert MTB/RIF assay showed high sensitivity in detecting M. tuberculosis with information on RMP resistance, and had a more rapid time to diagnosis compared to conventional tests; however, the location and amount of mutation may affect test sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
Kim ST, Doo AR, Kim SN, Kim SY, Kim YY, Kim JH, Lee H, Yin CS, Park HJ. Acupuncture suppresses kainic acid-induced neuronal death and inflammatory events in mouse hippocampus. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:377-83. [PMID: 22773088 PMCID: PMC10717998 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The administration of kainic acid (KA) causes seizures and produces neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. The present study investigated a possible role of acupuncture in reducing hippocampal cell death and inflammatory events, using a mouse model of kainic acid-induced epilepsy. Male C57BL/6 mice received acupuncture treatments at acupoint HT8 or in the tail area bilaterally once a day for 2 days and again immediately after an intraperitoneal injection of KA (30 mg/kg). HT8 is located on the palmar surface of the forelimbs, between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. Twenty-four hours after the KA injection, neuronal cell survival, the activations of microglia and astrocytes, and mRNA expression of two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were measured in the hippocampus. Acupuncture stimulation at HT8, but not in the tail area, significantly reduced the KA-induced seizure, neuron death, microglial and astrocyte activations, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the hippocampus. The acupuncture stimulation also decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, but it was not significant. These results indicate that acupuncture at HT8 can inhibit hippocampal cell death and suppress KA-induced inflammatory events, suggesting a possible role for acupuncture in the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Tae Kim
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Gyeongsangnam-do Yangsan-si, 626-870 Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Doo
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Pediatrics, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pediatrics, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Shik Yin
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Kim W, Kim SY, Kim T, Kim M, Bae DJ, Choi HI, Kim IS, Jho E. ADP-ribosylation factors 1 and 6 regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling via control of LRP6 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2012; 32:3390-6. [PMID: 22907437 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that inhibition of GTPase-activating protein of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), ArfGAP, with a small molecule (QS11) results in synergistic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, the role of Arf in Wnt/β-catenin signaling has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that activation of Arf is essential for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The level of the active form of Arf (Arf-GTP) transiently increased in the presence of Wnt, and this induction event was abrogated by blocking the interaction between Wnt and Frizzled (Fzd). In addition, knockdown of Fzds, Dvls or LRP6 blocked the Wnt-mediated activation of Arf. Consistently, depletion of Arf led to inhibition of Wnt-mediated membrane PtdIns (4,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis and LRP6 phosphorylation. Overall, our data suggest that transient activation of Arf modulates LRP6 phosphorylation for the transduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Kim
- Department of Life Science, The University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Kang OS, Chang DS, Jahng GH, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim JW, Chung SY, Yang SI, Park HJ, Lee H, Chae Y. Individual differences in smoking-related cue reactivity in smokers: an eye-tracking and fMRI study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:285-93. [PMID: 22542509 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Measures of cue reactivity provide a means of studying and understanding addictive behavior. We wanted to examine the relationship between different cue reactivity measures, such as attentional bias and subjective craving, and functional brain responses toward smoking-related cues in smokers. We used eye-tracking measurements, a questionnaire for smoking urges-brief and functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the responses to smoking-related and neutral visual cues from 25 male smokers after 36 h of smoking abstinence. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between cue-evoked brain responses and the attentional bias to smoking-related cues. The eye gaze dwell time percentage was longer in response to smoking-related cues than neutral cues, indicating significant differences in attentional bias towards smoking-related cues. The attentional bias to smoking-related cues correlated with subjective craving ratings (r=0.660, p<0.001). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the putamen, the posterior cingulate cortex and the primary motor cortex were associated with the attentional bias to smoking-related cues, whereas the orbitofrontal cortex, the insula and the superior temporal gyrus were associated with smoking-related cue-induced craving and smoking urges. These results suggest that attentional mechanisms in combination with motivational and reward-related mechanisms play a role in smoking-related cue reactivity. We confirmed a positive correlation between different smoking-related cue reactivities, such as attentional bias and subjective craving, and functional brain responses in various individuals. Further studies in this field might contribute to a better individualized understanding of addictive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O-Seok Kang
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
219
|
Abstract
AIMS The ability to distinguish between viable and/or infectious micro-organisms and inactivated cells is extremely important for correctly performing microbial risk assessments. In this study, we evaluated whether propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR could distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria and viruses. METHODS AND RESULTS A PMA-qPCR combined assay was applied to viable and inactivated bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and viruses (MS2 and murine norovirus [MNV]). PMA, a DNA-intercalating agent, in combination with PCR was better able to distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria and viruses than conventional PCR. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a combined PMA-qPCR assay can be used to measure the viability of bacterial cells and bacteriophage MS2, but not MNV. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PMA-qPCR could potentially be used to measure the viability of some micro-organisms, including virus. However, a thorough evaluation should be performed prior to measuring the viability of micro-organisms by PMA-qPCR in a quantitative way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
220
|
Abstract
The new allele B*40:186 shows a one nucleotide substitution compared with B*40:01:02 at codon 56 (GGG → AGG) resulting in coding change, Gly to Arg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Kim SY, Park SY, Lim JH, Lee BY, Yang JH, Ryu HM. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with pre-eclampsia. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:670-5. [PMID: 21979130 DOI: 10.3275/8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental hypoxia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is activated by low oxygen tension and is a key regulator of genes involved in the cellular responses to hypoxia. AIM We determined whether maternal blood c.1722C>T (Pro582Ser) and c.1790G>A (Ala588Thr) polymorphisms in exon 12 of the HIF-1α gene are associated with pre-eclampsia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects included 163 pre-eclamptic patients (48 mild and 115 severe preeclampsia) and 194 healthy pregnant women. Polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of the c.1772C>T and c.1790G>A polymorphisms of the HIF-1α gene among the study groups. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to pre-eclampsia severity revealed no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of the HIF-1α c.1772C>T and c.1790G>A polymorphism in mild pre-eclamptic compared to severe pre-eclamptic group. In addition, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of 3 haplotypes (C-G,-G, T-G, and C-A) between the control and pre-eclamptic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HIF-1α gene polymorphisms are not associated with the development of pre-eclampsia in the studied Korean women population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, 1-19 Mukjeong-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-380, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
222
|
Kang JS, Rhim EM, Huh SY, Ahn SJ, Kim DS, Kim SY, Park SH. The effects of humidity and serum on the surface microhardness and morphology of five retrograde filling materials. Scanning 2012; 34:207-214. [PMID: 22076731 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the surface morphology and surface hardness of five materials 24 h after filling, in conditions of 100% humidity, and fetal bovine serum. The five materials were ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Super-EBA, Intermediate Restorative Materials (IRM), Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE), and Amalgam. The microhardness of these materials was evaluated by Vickers microhardness test, and their morphologies were compared by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the microhardness, the mixed five materials were measured with Vickers microhardness test. Differences between the experimental groups were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For the microstructural morphological evaluation, the cross cut and root-end cavity prepared surfaces followed by retrograde filling with five different materials were observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (Steroscan 440; Leica, Cambridge, England) at ×500. To summarize, Super EBA was less influenced by storage medium than the other materials, especially MTA. However, further long-term studies considering other factors, such as biocompatibility (i.e. cellular toxicity) and retention, are needed to be collaborated with these findings in the clinical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Kang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
223
|
Kim SY, Song JD, Han IK, Kim TW. Effects of growth parameters on the structural and optical properties of InP/InGaP quantum structures for 808-nm-wavelength emissions. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5519-5522. [PMID: 22966602 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
InP/InGaP quantum structures with 808-nm-wavelength emissions were grown on semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrates via migration-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of the growth conditions on the structural and optical properties of the InP/InGaP quantum structures were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images showed that the two-dimensional InP/InGaP quantum structures were transited to one-dimensional structures with an increasing repetition cycle. The photoluminescence spectra showed that the optical properties of the InP/InGaP quantum structures were significantly affected by various migration-enhanced epitaxy repetition numbers and growth temperatures. These results can help improve understanding of the effects of growth parameters on the structural and optical properties of InP/InGaP quantum structures for 808-nm-wavelength emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Nano Photonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
224
|
Yeo J, Kim SY, Kim S, Ryu DY, Kim TH, Park MJ. Mechanically and structurally robust sulfonated block copolymer membranes for water purification applications. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:245703. [PMID: 22641347 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/24/245703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effective removal of ionic pollutants from contaminated water using negatively charged nanofiltration membranes is demonstrated. Block copolymers comprising polystyrene (PS) and partially hydrogenated polyisoprene (hPI) were synthesized by varying chain architectures. A one step procedure of cross-linking (hPI blocks) and sulfonation reactions (PS chains) was then carried out, which was revealed as an effective method to enhance mechanical integrity of membranes while hydrophilic sulfonated chains remain intact. In particular, the control of chain architecture allows us to create a synergetic effect on optimizing charge densities of the membrane, water permeability, and mechanical integrity under water purification conditions. The best performing membrane can almost completely (>99%) reject various divalent cations and also show NO(3)(-) rejection > 85% and Na(+) rejection > 87%. Well defined nanostructures (tens of nanometers) as well as the periodically arranged water domains (a few nanometers) within hydrophilic phases of the hydrated membranes were confirmed by in situ neutron scattering experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yeo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
225
|
Abstract
Mothers of hemophilic children are under stressful situations because of the characteristics of disease and inheritance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the self-help group program for the mothers of hemophilic children. Fifty one mothers of hemophilic children were participated. The experiment group (n = 24) participated in the self-help group program for 5 weeks, while the control group (n = 27) received a self-help booklet only. Knowledge, self-efficacy, depression, parenting stress, and quality of life were evaluated using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using χ(2) -test, t-test, and analysis of covariance (ancova). The experiment and control groups were homogeneous in general characteristics and depending variables except knowledge (P < 0.05; P > 0.05, respectively). Knowledge, self-efficacy, and quality of life in the experiment group were increased after the program (P < 0.001). Especially, the knowledge in the experiment group was lower than the control group in pretest, but higher in the posttest (P < 0.001). Depression and parenting stress were reduced in the experiment group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). It is suggestive that the self-help group program can be a useful opportunity for mothers of hemophilic children to improve knowledge and self-efficay of child care and quality of life of themselves; to decrease depression and parenting stress. Extended application of the program to fathers or all family members may be needed to investigate in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Kang
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
226
|
Ahn JK, Chebotaryov S, Choi JH, Choi S, Choi W, Choi Y, Jang HI, Jang JS, Jeon EJ, Jeong IS, Joo KK, Kim BR, Kim BC, Kim HS, Kim JY, Kim SB, Kim SH, Kim SY, Kim W, Kim YD, Lee J, Lee JK, Lim IT, Ma KJ, Pac MY, Park IG, Park JS, Park KS, Shin JW, Siyeon K, Yang BS, Yeo IS, Yi SH, Yu I. Observation of reactor electron antineutrinos disappearance in the RENO experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:191802. [PMID: 23003027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.191802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The RENO experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos, consistent with neutrino oscillations, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.8 GW(th) reactors at the Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, are detected by two identical detectors located at 294 and 1383 m, respectively, from the reactor array center. In the 229 d data-taking period between 11 August 2011 and 26 March 2012, the far (near) detector observed 17102 (154088) electron antineutrino candidate events with a background fraction of 5.5% (2.7%). The ratio of observed to expected numbers of antineutrinos in the far detector is 0.920±0.009(stat)±0.014(syst). From this deficit, we determine sin(2)2θ(13)=0.113±0.013(stat)±0.019(syst) based on a rate-only analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Ahn
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Kim JY, Lee S, Cho KJ, Kim SY, Nam SY, Choi SH, Roh JL, Choi EK, Kim JH, Song SY, Shin HS, Chang SK, Ahn SD. Treatment results of post-operative radiotherapy in patients with salivary duct carcinoma of the major salivary glands. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e947-52. [PMID: 22573301 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/21574486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare malignancy of high-grade pathological type. We evaluated clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in 35 patients with SDC treated post-operatively with adjuvant radiation. METHODS We retrospectively assessed overall survival, locoregional control and disease-free survival in 35 patients with SDC of the major salivary glands who underwent surgery and were subsequently treated with radiotherapy. The evaluated prognostic factors included gender, age, symptom duration, tumour site, tumour size, TNM classification, and the following pathological features: perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, extraparenchymal invasion and resection-margin status. RESULTS Of the 35 patients, 30 (85.7%) were male. Median age at initial diagnosis was 62 years (range 38-75 years). The parotid gland was the main site affected in 22 patients (62.9%). 18 patients (51.5%) had pathological T3/T4 tumours, and 26 (74.3%) showed pathological nodal involvement. Actuarial 5-year locoregional control, disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 63.3%, 47.4% and 55.1%, respectively. The cause-specific death rate was 31.4% (n=11). Pathological nodal involvement was correlated with distant metastasis (p=0.011). Lymphovascular invasion was significantly prognostic for distant metastasis-free survival (p=0.049), locoregional control (p=0.012) and overall survival (p=0.003) in a Cox proportional hazard model, whereas perineural invasion was only significantly prognostic for overall survival (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Surgery and post-operative radiotherapy were effective for locoregional control. Lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion were significant prognostic factors in patients with SDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bundang CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
228
|
Kim HJ, Kwak HK, Lee J, Yun YJ, Lee JS, Lee MS, Min SY, Park SK, Kang HS, Maeng YH, Kim SY, Kim SY, Kook YH, Kim YR, Lee KH. Patterns of pncA mutations in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:98-103. [PMID: 22236853 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazinamide (PZA), one of the most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs, becomes toxic to Mycobacterium tuberculosis when converted to pyrazinoic acid by pyrazinamidase (PZase). PZA resistance is caused mainly by the loss of enzyme activity by mutation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the patterns of pncA mutations in PZA-resistant mycobacteria isolated from South Korean patients. METHODS Mycobacterial isolates with clinically proven drug resistance were cultured to determine susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis agents. pncA mutations were recognised by sequencing and compared with the relevant wild-type DNA sequence. RESULTS Among 108 isolates, 102 were successfully cultured and underwent drug susceptibility testing; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). pncA mutations were found in 86 cultured isolates (85.1%): 55 (84.6%) in MDR and 31 (86.1%) in extensively drug-resistant isolates. Substitution of a single nucleotide was most common. The most frequent mutations were a deletion that caused a frameshift at nucleotide (nt) 71, a substitution at nt 403 and a substitution at nt 11. Combined, these accounted for ≈ 40% of all mutations. However, 15 samples (14.9%) with defective PZase activity showed no mutation. CONCLUSION pncA mutation in M. tuberculosis is a major mechanism of PZA resistance in MDR isolates from patients in South Korea. The patterns of mutation might be more scattered and diverse. DNA-based diagnosis of PZA resistance has potential for the rapid detection of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
229
|
Salah S, Watanabe K, Welter S, Park JS, Park JW, Zabaleta J, Ardissone F, Kim J, Riquet M, Nojiri K, Gisabella M, Kim SY, Tanaka K, Al-Haj Ali B. Colorectal cancer pulmonary oligometastases: pooled analysis and construction of a clinical lung metastasectomy prognostic model. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2649-2655. [PMID: 22547539 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although resecting colorectal cancer (CRC) pulmonary metastasis is associated with long-term survival, identification of prognostic groups is needed for future randomized trials, and construction of a lung metastasectomy prognostic model (LMPM) is warranted. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched the PubMed database for retrospective studies evaluating prognostic factors following resecting CRC lung metastasis. Individual patient data were analyzed. Independent prognostic factors were used to construct an LMPM. RESULTS Between 1983 and 2008, 1112 metastasectomies were carried out on 927 patients included in eight studies. Five-year survival rate was 54.3% following the first lung resection. Multivariate analysis identified three independently poor prognostic factors: pre-thoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen ≥5 ng/ml, disease-free interval <36 months, and more than one metastatic lesion. Patients with good-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups according to the LMPM had a 5-year survival of 68.2%, 46.4%, and 26.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Perioperative chemotherapy and previously resected liver metastasis had no influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS The low- and intermediate-risk groups have a good chance of long-term survival following metastasectomy. However, more studies are needed to investigate whether surgery offers any advantage over systemic therapy for the poor-risk group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salah
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai; Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Welter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - J S Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center. Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - J Zabaleta
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - F Ardissone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - J Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Riquet
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - K Nojiri
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - M Gisabella
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - S Y Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center. Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - K Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - B Al-Haj Ali
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Choi BS, Kim JH, Jung C, Kim SY. High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging increases lesion detectability in patients with transient global amnesia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1771-4. [PMID: 22538074 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DWI can detect small punctate hyperintense lesions of the hippocampus in patients with TGA. We investigated whether small TGA lesions can be detected more often by increasing the resolution of DWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 31 consecutive patients with TGA, 27 underwent DWI, twice at the first visit (range 1.5-22 hours; mean 10 hours) and at follow-up (range 50-87 hours; mean 72.5 hours) after the onset of their symptoms. Each DWI included 2 different spatial resolutions with the same b-value (2000 seconds/mm(2)): conventional resolution in a 128 × 128 matrix with 3-mm section thickness and high resolution in a 220 × 220 matrix with 2-mm section thickness. The number and contrast of hyperintense lesions were compared between the 2 resolutions. RESULTS Twenty-two of the 27 patients had single or multiple TGA lesions. The total number of lesions detected on conventional and high-resolution DWI was 11 and 22, respectively, at the first visit, and was 24 and 37, respectively, at follow-up. The number of lesions was significantly larger on high-resolution DWI than on conventional resolution at the first visit (P < .01) and at the follow-up (P < .01). Lesion contrast was significantly increased on high-resolution DWI (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Higher DWI resolution increased lesion detectability in patients with TGA. Considering the small size of TGA lesions, the resolution of DWI is an important parameter influencing lesion detectability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
231
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
232
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with the development of early onset post-traumatic syringomyelia within 5 years of spinal cord injury. SETTING Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea. METHODS We retrospectively examined the records of 502 patients with traumatic cervical or thoracic spinal cord injury who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations more than once a year for at least 5 years. Patients were assessed in terms of the neurological level of injury, the severity of initial spinal cord injury, the use of surgery and the extent of spinal canal involvement. The latter was evaluated by calculating the shortest antero-posterior diameter of the injured vertebral canal and the spinal reserve capacity as shown on MRI at the time of trauma onset and at the time of diagnosis of syringomyelia. RESULTS Syringomyelia developed within 5 years in 37 (7.3%) of the 502 patients. The mean age of these 37 patients was 44.6 years (range, 17-67 years) and the mean interval from spinal cord injury to onset of syringomyelia was 38.8 months (range, 2-54 months). The development of post-traumatic syringomyelia within 5 years was not significantly related to the severity or level of injury, the use of spinal surgery or the extent of spinal canal encroachment (P≥0.05 for each comparison). CONCLUSION Early onset syringomyelia occurring within 5 years after spinal cord injury was not associated with neurological injury level, severity of injury, the use of spinal surgery or canal encroachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Beomeo, Mulgeum, Yangsan, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
233
|
Kim WG, Choi HJ, Kim WB, Kim EY, Yim JH, Kim TY, Gong G, Kim SY, Chung N, Shong YK. Basal STAT3 activities are negatively correlated with tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:413-8. [PMID: 21897114 DOI: 10.3275/7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in promoting survival and cell growth as well as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis in several cancers. AIM This investigation focused on evaluation of STAT3 activities in human papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). METHODS STAT3 activities of nuclear extracts of tumor tissue were measured from 35 PTC patients using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay-based kits. RESULTS STAT3 activities of PTC tissues were significantly lower than those of surrounding normal thyroid tissues [0.36 (interquartile range 0.24-0.72) vs 0.50 (0.29-1.11) arbitrary units, p<0.01]. We further analyzed the association between STAT3 activity and clinicopathologic factors in PTC tissue. Tumors with size ≥2 cm displayed significantly lower STAT3 activities than those <2 cm [0.25 (0.21-0.37) vs 0.53 (0.37-0.61) arbitrary units, p<0.01]. Notably, tumor size was inversely correlated with STAT3 activities in T1799A BRAF mutation-positive cases (Rs=-0.58, p<0.05), but not mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 activities of PTC measured via DNA binding are suppressed in contrast to other human cancers. Tumor size larger than 2 cm is the only clinicopathologic parameter associated with low STAT3 activity. Moreover, tumor size appears inversely correlated with STAT3 activity, specifically in T1799A BRAF mutation-positive cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Lee SD, Kim TH, Kim DY, Baek JY, Kim SY, Chang HJ, Park SC, Park JW, Oh JH, Jung KH. Lymph node ratio is an independent prognostic factor in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012; 38:478-83. [PMID: 22465588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic effect of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were treated with curative resection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS Between October 2001 and December 2007, 519 patients who had undergone curative resection of primary rectal cancer after preoperative CRT were enrolled. Of these, 154 patients were positive for lymph node (LN) metastasis and were divided into three groups according to the LNR (≤ 0.15 [n=80], 0.16-0.3 [n=44], >0.3 [n=30]) to evaluate the prognostic effect on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS LNR (≤ 0.15, 0.16-0.3, and >0.3) was significantly associated with 5-year OS (90.3%, 75.1%, and 45.1%; p<0.001) and DFS (66.7%, 55.8%, and 21.9%; p<0.001) rates. In a multivariate analysis, LNR (≤ 0.15, 0.16-0.3, and >0.3) was a significant independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratios [HRs], 1, 3.609, and 8.197; p<0.001) and DFS (HRs, 1, 1.699, and 3.960; p<0.001). LNR had a prognostic impact on OS and DFS in patients with <12 harvested LNs, as well as in those with ≥ 12 harvested LNs (p<0.05). CONCLUSION LNR was a significant independent prognostic predictor for OS and DFS in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were treated with curative resection after preoperative CRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Lee
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
235
|
Kim WK, Ke K, Sul OJ, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Lee MH, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Chung HT, Choi HS. Curcumin protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss and decreases osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3159-66. [PMID: 21732406 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has anti-oxidative activity. In view of the increasing evidence for a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone density we hypothesized that curcumin might increase bone density by elevating antioxidant activity in some target cell type. We measured bone density by Micro-CT, enzyme expression levels by quantitative PCR or enzyme activity, and osteoclast (OC) formation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The bone mineral density of the femurs of curcumin-administered mice was significantly higher than that of vehicle-treated mice after ovariectomy (OVX) and this was accompanied by reduced amounts of serum collagen-type I fragments, which are markers of bone resorption. Curcumin suppressed OC formation by increasing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced glutathione peroxidase-1, and reversed the stimulatory effect of homocysteine, a known H(2) O(2) generator, on OC formation by restoring Gpx activity. Curcumin generated an aberrant RANKL signal characterized by reduced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) and attenuated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38). Curcumin thus inhibited OVX-induced bone loss, at least in part by reducing osteoclastogenesis as a result of increased antioxidant activity and impaired RANKL signaling. These findings suggest that bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency could be attenuated by curcumin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W K Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Cho HY, Kwon JY, Kim YH, Lee KH, Kim J, Kim SY, Park YW. Comparison of nuchal translucency measurements obtained using Volume NT(TM) and two- and three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 39:175-180. [PMID: 21412924 DOI: 10.1002/uog.8996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of Volume NT(TM) , a new technique that automatically archives mid-sagittal plane views and measures the maximum nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, by comparing its measurements with those made with conventional two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) techniques. METHODS This was a prospective study of 130 singleton pregnancies undergoing NT screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Fetuses with enlarged NT or multiple anomalies and those in the prone position were excluded. Success rate of NT measurement was assessed using Volume NT(TM) , 2D and 3D techniques. In cases in which all three techniques were successful, intra- and interobserver bias and levels of agreement for NT measurements within and between techniques were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Of 130 cases enrolled into the study, 16 were excluded from analysis due to enlarged NT (n = 3), prone position (n = 2) or missing data (n = 11). Among the 114 cases analyzed, NT measurement was successful by the conventional 2D method in 95.6% (109/114) of cases and by 3D and Volume NT(TM) measurements in 103 and 93 cases, respectively. Success rate was not significantly different between methods. In 89 cases, NT values were available using all three methods. Among them, mean ± SD 2D-NT was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm, 3D-NT was 1.2 ± 0.4 mm and Volume NT(TM) was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm. The mean differences of the intra- and interobserver variability of each method were not significantly different from zero for each method. CONCLUSIONS Volume NT(TM) , a novel technique for automated NT measurement, is apparently reproducible and comparable with conventional 2D and 3D ultrasound techniques for NT measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Cho
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
237
|
Lee EH, Song JD, Kim SY, Han IK, Chang SK, Lee JI. Self-assembled growth of GaAs anti quantum dots in InAs matrix by migration enhanced molecular beam epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:1480-1482. [PMID: 22629983 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled GaAs anti quantum dots (AQDs) were grown in an InAs matrix via migration enhanced molecular beam epitaxy. The transmission electron microscopy image showed that the 2D to 3D transition thickness is below 1.5 monolayers (MLs) of GaAs coverage. The average diameter and height of the GaAs AQDs for 1.5 ML GaAs coverage taken from the atomic force microscopy image were approximately 29.0 nm and 1.4 nm, respectively. The density was approximately 6.0 x 10(10) cm(-2). The size of the AQDs was enlarged in the InAs matrix compared with that on the surface. These results indicate that the GaAs AQDs in the InAs matrix under tensile strain can be effectively formed with the assistance of the migration enhanced epitaxy method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E H Lee
- Nano Convergence Devices Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Kim SY, Yi SH, Cho JH, Yin CS, Lee H, Park HJ. Heat stimulation on the skin for medical treatment: can it be controlled? J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:497-504. [PMID: 21649516 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has become increasingly important for evidence-based medicine to have a proper control for randomized-controlled trials. However, appropriately controlling manual therapies such as moxibustion has proved challenging. Our team designed a novel device based on sensory illusion, and tested its feasibility. DESIGN AND RESULTS A sham moxibustion device was constructed to allow participants to feel moxibustion treatment without actually stimulating the corresponding acupoint. The device consisted of two pieces of aluminum, each shaped like a horseshoe, so that the center of the device would not touch the skin. Participants perceived two heat stimuli as one when the distances of two heat sources were within 15 mm on the forearm. The thermal stimulation of the sham device was adjusted to the lowest possible temperature, but enough to elicit a heat sensation (39°C), while that of verum was set at around 44°C. The subject blinding, tested in 30 healthy volunteers, was successful. With the exception of 1 subject, subjects in the sham group described the sensation as a warm solid circle, unable to differentiate between two-pieced sham moxibustion and verum moxibustion. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study indicates that this device may serve as an appropriate control for clinical studies of moxibustion, but more research is clearly needed. A validated sham moxibustion device based on sensory illusion may contribute in expanding knowledge of somatosensory studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Kim
- Department of Oriental Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
239
|
Kim Z, Kang SG, Lee J, Kim SY, Lim CW, Lee MH. P2-16-14: Skin Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Latissimus Dorsi Flap Reconstruction: Patient Reported Outcome and Factors Affecting the Highest Patient Satisfaction. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-16-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a tailored surgical procedure for breast cancer patients. In this study the oncologic safety, morbidities, and aesthetic results of SSM and LD IBR, as regards to patient satisfaction, were assessed.
Material and Methods: Between March 2000 and February 2011, single surgeon performed SSM and IBR for 145 patients. Eighty-five patients completed the patient satisfaction survey, and 65 patients with SSM and LD IBR were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their degree of satisfaction, and a stratified analysis was performed.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years (range, 21–74), and the pathologic results were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (n=48, 73.8%), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=15, 23.1%), and others (n=2, 3.1%). After a mean follow-up of 34 months (range, 1.6−89.9) no local recurrence occurred, and there were no skin necrosis or LD flap loss. Donor site morbidities were seroma (n=8, 12.3%), scarring (n=8, 12.3%), and back pain (n=6, 9.2%).
Fifty patients (76.9%) were satisfied with their surgical outcomes, and 40% reported their degree of satisfaction as excellent. Breast symmetry (P<0.001), nipple cosmesis (P<0.001), surgeon assessment (P<0.001), observer assessment (P<0.001), and visual difference of bilateral breasts (P=0.021) were factors that affected the highest patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that our SSM and LD IBR was oncologically safe, and was associated with low morbidity rates. LD flap per se, without a prosthetic implant, could sufficiently produce a high level of patient satisfaction. Accurate surgical techniuqes and careful consideration for breast symmetry and nipple cosmesis would be the key to meet the patient's expectations and enhanced quality of life.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Kim
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-G Kang
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - SY Kim
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - CW Lim
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - MH Lee
- 1Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Bang EC, Lee HS, Kang YI, Cho KS, Kim SY, Park H. Onset of labor epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and a varying dose of fentanyl: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2011; 21:45-50. [PMID: 22153132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate the onset of labor epidural analgesia using 0.17% ropivacaine with a varying dose of fentanyl. We hypothesized that the onset of analgesia would be shortened in proportion to an increase in fentanyl dose. METHODS Women requesting labor epidural analgesia were enrolled in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Each woman was randomly assigned to receive fentanyl 0, 50, 75, or 100 μg with 0.17% ropivacaine 12 mL. The onset and duration of analgesia, the incidence of side effects and patient satisfaction were measured. RESULTS Data from 102 women were analyzed. The onset of analgesia (mean ± SD) was shortened with an increasing dose of fentanyl (14.3 ± 5.4, 14.2 ± 6.5, 12.1 ± 5.1, and 8.7 ± 3.8 min with fentanyl 0, 50, 75, or 100 μg, respectively, P=0.001). The duration of analgesia was prolonged with an increasing dose of fentanyl (87.4 ± 20.8, 112.3 ± 19.5, 140.8 ± 18.8, and 143.6 ± 18.6 min with fentanyl 0, 50, 75, or 100 μg, respectively, P<0.001). The incidence of pruritus increased with an increasing dose of fentanyl (P=0.027) but there were no differences for other maternal side effects. There was a significant difference in satisfaction score among groups (P=0.009). CONCLUSION The addition of increasing doses of fentanyl to 0.17% ropivacaine contributed to shortened onset as well as prolonged duration of labor epidural analgesia and improved patient satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Bang
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, CHA University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Batmunkh T, Kim YJ, Lee KY, Cayetano MG, Jung JS, Kim SY, Kim KC, Lee SJ, Kim JS, Chang LS, An JY. Time-resolved measurements of PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosols at Gosan, Korea. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2011; 61:1174-1182. [PMID: 22168101 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.609761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the characteristics of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol at a background site in Northeast Asia, semicontinuous organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and time-resolved water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were measured by a Sunset OC/ EC and a PILS-TOC (particle-into-liquid sampler coupled with an online total organic carbon) analyzer, respectively, at the Gosan supersite on Jeju Island, Korea, in the summer (May 28-June 17) and fall (August 24-September 30) of 2009. Hourly average OC concentration varied in the range of approximately 0.87-28.38 microgC m-3, with a mean of 4.07+/- 2.60 microgC m-3, while the hourly average EC concentration ranged approximately from 0.04 to 8.19 .microgC m-3, with a mean of 1.35 +/- 0.71 microgC m-3, from May 28 to June 17, 2009. During the fall season, OC varied in the approximate range 0.9-9.6 microgC m-3, with a mean of 2.30 +/-0.80 microgC m-3, whereas EC ranged approximately from 0.01 to 5.40 microgC m-3, with a mean of 0.66 +/- 0.38 microgC m-3. Average contributions of EC to TC and WSOC to OC were 26.0% +/- 9.7% and 20.6% +/-7.4%, and 37.6% +/- 23.5% and 57.2% +/- 22.2% during summer and fall seasons, respectively. As expected, clear diurnal variation of WSOC/OC was found in summer, varying from 0.22 during the nighttime up to 0.72 during the daytime, mainly due to the photo-oxidation process. In order to investigate the effect of air mass pathway on the characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol, 5-day back-trajectory analysis was conducted using the HYSPLIT model. The air mass pathways were classified into four types: Continental (CC), Marine (M), East Sea (ES) and Korean Peninsula (KP). The highest OC/EC ratio of 3.63 was observed when air mass originated from the Continental area (CC). The lowest OC/EC ratio of 0.79 was measured when air mass originated from the Marine area (M). A high OC concentration was occasionally observed at Gosan due to local biomass burning activities. The contribution of secondary OC to total OC varied approximately between 8.4% and 32.2% and depended on air mass type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Batmunkh
- Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Hwang YJ, Sohn MJ, Lee BH, Kim SY, Seo JW, Han YH, Lee JY, Cha SJ, Kim YH. Radiosurgery for metastatic spinal tumors: follow-up MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:382-7. [PMID: 22033723 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging is the primary tool for evaluation and monitoring of spinal tumors. We retrospectively analyzed the MR imaging findings before and after SRS for metastatic spinal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed MR imaging findings on 79 metastatic spinal tumor lesions in 44 patients (29 male and 15 female)who had undergone radiosurgery between November 2003 and April 2008. Posttreatment MR imaging was evaluated retrospectively for 3 aspects: 1) changes in tumor volume; 2) changes in T2 signal intensity;and 3) changes in contrast enhancement patterns. RESULTS With regard to tumor volume on MR images, 32 lesions(40.5%) decreased in volume (group 1), 39 (49.4%) showed no change (group 2), and 8 (10.1%) increased in volume (group 3). T2 signal intensities were unchanged in 4 lesions (type 1), homogeneously increased in 3 (type 2), and changed to a homogeneously dark signal in 4 (type 4). The T2 signal intensity was increased and inter mixed with dark signal intensity (type 3) in 68 lesions. A decrease in contrast enhancement with or without non-enhancing foci was seen in 73 lesions. A persistent homogeneous enhancement pattern was seen in all 4 of the type 1 lesions, in 1 of the 3 type 2 lesions, and in 1 of the 68 type 3 lesions. CONCLUSIONS Main MR imaging features of locally controlled metastatic spinal tumors included no increase in tumor volume, increased T2 signal intensity with intermixed T2 dark signal intensity,and decreased contrast enhancement. Follow-up MR imaging also provided several patterns of tumor recurrence [corrected].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
243
|
Lee JS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, Shin DH, Joo IS, Lim YC, Suh SH, Kim SY. Comparison of the Incidence of parenchymal hematoma and poor outcome in patients with carotid terminus occlusion treated with intra-arterial urokinase alone or with combined IV rtPA and intra-arterial urokinase. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:175-9. [PMID: 21998105 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with acute CTO generally have a poor prognosis, despite IV or IA thrombolytic treatment. The goal of this study was to analyze the results of patients with CTO who had IA urokinase treatment with or without initial IV rtPA based on a bridging protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke due to CTO who had combined IV and IA or a single IA thrombolytic treatment were enrolled. The baseline characteristics and prognosis were described. The patients who did and did not develop a PH shortly after treatment were compared. RESULTS The mean age was 66.4 years, and the median initial NIHSS score was 17. The median dose of IA urokinase was 320,000 U, and recanalization (TICI grade II-III) was achieved in 12 patients (75%). However, 5 patients died and 10 patients had poor prognosis with mRS 5-6 at discharge. Six patients (37.5%) with a PH had a higher NIHSS score 1 day after treatment (26.7 versus 13.6, P = .002), and they had more frequent mortality (66.7% versus 10.0%, P = .018) and worse prognosis (mRS 5-6; 100% versus 40%, P = .016) at discharge than patients without PH. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CTO who received IA urokinase treatment based on a bridging protocol had a poor prognosis. The development of PH might affect this outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Lee SH, Shim HS, Cho SH, Kim SY, Lee SK, Son JY, Jung JY, Kim EY, Lim JE, Lee KJ, Park BH, Kang YA, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Park MS. Prognostic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical, physiologic, pathologic, and molecular aspects. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2011; 28:102-112. [PMID: 22117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies identified clinical and physiologic factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) that are related to an increased risk of mortality. But there are few studies about histologic and molecular approach. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the C-reactive protein (CRP), fibroblastic foci, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta receptor II (TbetaRII), and the polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 are associated with the progression of IPF patients. DESIGN Eighty-six IPF patients who underwent surgical lung biopsies were examined. For each patient, clinical and physiologic parameters were investigated, and we performed immunohistochemical staining for p-Smad2/3 and TbetaRII, and genotyping of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 polymorphism. RESULTS Age at diagnosis, gender, symptom duration, and smoking status did not show a significant association. However, the amount of smoking (p = 0.002), severe reduction in the percentages of predicted forced vital capacity (p = 0.013) and diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (p = 0.023), CRP (p = 0.009) at diagnosis, and fibroblastic foci (p = 0.026) were associated with a poor prognosis. Cellularity, fibrosis, expression level of p-Smad2/3 and TbetaRII, and genotype of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 polymorphism did not have a statistically significant association with the prognosis. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the amount of smoking, abrupt decrease in follow-up pulmonary function parameters, fibroblastic foci, and increased levels of CRP concentration at diagnosis were significantly associated with poor survival. Larger studies are required to confirm all prognostic factors including CRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Kim SY, Chun E, Lee KY. Phospholipase A(2) of peroxiredoxin 6 has a critical role in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1573-83. [PMID: 21415860 PMCID: PMC3172113 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional enzyme with peroxidase and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities. Although the cellular function of the peroxidase of Prdx6 has been well elucidated, the function of the PLA(2) of Prdx6 is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel function for the PLA(2) in regulating TNF-induced apoptosis through arachidonic acid (AA) release and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Prdx6 knockdown (Prdx6(KD)) in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B) shows severe decreases of peroxidase and PLA(2) activities. Surprisingly, Prdx6(KD) cells are markedly resistant to apoptosis induced by TNF-α in the presence of cycloheximide, but are highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the release of AA and the production of IL-1β induced by proinflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α, LPS, and poly I/C, are severely decreased in Prdx6(KD) cells. More interestingly, the restoration of Prdx6 expression with wild-type Prdx6, but not PLA(2)-mutant Prdx6 (S32A), in Prdx6(KD) cells dramatically induces the recovery of TNF-induced apoptosis, AA release, and IL-1β production, indicating specific roles for the PLA(2) activity of Prdx6. Our results provide new insights into the distinct roles of bifunctional Prdx6 with peroxidase and PLA(2) activities in oxidative stress-induced and TNF-induced apoptosis, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - E Chun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - K-Y Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Abstract
AIM To investigate cases with conjunctival pigmentation originating from sclerotomy sites after 23-gauge microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS). METHODS This is a retrospective study comprised of 185 eyes from 185 consecutive patients who underwent 23-gauge MIVS. The authors investigated the incidence and the clinical factors associated with conjunctival pigmentation, including indication of vitrectomy and surgical procedures. RESULTS Eight eyes (4.3%) from 185 eyes showed conjunctival pigmentation after surgery within 7 days postoperatively. Light microscopic examination of excised tissue showed infiltration of abundant dark brownish colored melanophages with surrounding scattered, finely granular, melanin pigments. C3F8 gas tamponade (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 1.9-44.5; P=0.005) was significantly associated with conjunctival pigmentation. The mean surface area (21.26±2.21 mm(2)) of three eyes with C3F8 tamponade was significantly larger than that of five eyes (2.51±0.73 mm(2)) without tamponade (P=0.025). Neither leakage nor hypotony was found. CONCLUSIONS Intraocular melanin pigments could prolapse through the sclerotomy site and cause conjunctival pigmentation after 23-gauge MIVS. Thus, preoperative warning is necessary in patients with 23-gauge MIVS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Chung-gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
247
|
Tsiouris JA, Kim SY, Brown WT, Cohen IL. Association of aggressive behaviours with psychiatric disorders, age, sex and degree of intellectual disability: a large-scale survey. J Intellect Disabil Res 2011; 55:636-649. [PMID: 21492292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between aggression and mental disorders has been the focus of diverse studies in persons with and without intellectual disabilities (ID). Because of discrepancies in the finding of studies in persons with ID to date, and because of differences in research design, instruments used and the population studied, more research is needed. The purpose of this study was to delineate any significant association between certain psychiatric disorders and specific domains of aggressive behaviours in a large sample of persons with ID controlling for sex, age, autism and degree of ID. METHOD Data from the present study were obtained from 47% of all persons with ID receiving services from New York State agencies, using the Institute for Basic Research - Modified Overt Aggression Scale (IBR-MOAS between 2006 and 2007). The IBR-MOAS was completed by the chief psychologists of 14 agencies based on information from the participants' files. Demographic information obtained included the psychiatric diagnosis made by the treating psychiatrist as well as information on age, sex and degree of ID. Data from 4069 participants were analysed. RESULTS Impulse control disorder and bipolar disorder were strongly associated with all five domains of aggressive behaviour in the IBR-MOAS. Psychotic disorder was highly associated with four domains except for physical aggression against self (PASLF), which was of borderline significance. Anxiety was most associated with PASLF and verbal aggression against self (VASLF); depression with VASLF; obsessive compulsive disorder with physical aggression against objects (PAOBJ); personality disorders with verbal aggression against others (VAOTH), VASLF and PASLF; and autism with physical aggression against others (PAOTH), PAOBJ and PASLF. Mild to moderate ID was associated with VAOTH and VASLF and severe to profound ID with PAOBJ and PASLF. Female sex was most associated with VASLF. CONCLUSIONS Impulse control, mood dysregulation and perceived threat appear to underlie most of the aggressive behaviours reported. Psychosis and depression appeared to have been over-diagnosed in persons with mild to moderate ID and under-diagnosed in persons with severe and profound ID. These findings replicate and extend findings from previous studies. The pattern of associations reported can be used as helpful indicators by professionals involved in the treatment of aggressive behaviours in persons with ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Tsiouris
- George A. Jervis Clinic, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Kim SY, Chae Y, Lee SM, Lee H, Park HJ. The effectiveness of moxibustion: an overview during 10 years. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:306515. [PMID: 19825873 PMCID: PMC3136359 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Moxibustion has been used to treat various types of disease. However, there is still insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness. This study was performed to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion. A search was performed for all randomized controlled trials in PubMed between January 1998 and July 2008 with no language restriction. The results yielded 47 trials in which six moxibustion types were applied to 36 diseases ranging from breech presentation to digestive disorders. Moxibustion was compared to three types of control group: general care, Oriental medical therapies or waiting list. Moxibustion was superior to the control in 14 out of 54 control groups in 46 studies. There were no significant differences among groups in 7 studies, and the outcome direction was not determined in 33 studies. Seven studies were included in a meta-analysis. Moxibustion was more effective than medication in two ulcerative colitis studies (relative risk (95% CI), 2.20 (1.37, 3.52), P = .001, I2 = 0%). Overall, our results did not support the effectiveness of moxibustion in specific diseases due to the limited number and low quality of the studies and inadequate use of controls. In order to provide appropriate evidence regarding the effectiveness of moxibustion, more rigorous clinical trials using appropriate controls are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Kim
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- *Hi-Joon Park:
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Kim SY, Seong MW, Jeon BS, Kim SY, Ko HS, Kim JY, Park SS. Phase analysis identifies compound heterozygous deletions of the PARK2 gene in patients with early-onset Parkinson disease. Clin Genet 2011; 82:77-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
250
|
Jung WW, Kim SC, Jung SW, Moon IY, Kumar K, Lee YW, Kim SY, Ju MK, Han SK, Yi J. Optimization of selective emitter fabrication method for solar cells using a laser grooving. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:4373-4377. [PMID: 21780460 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, screen-printing laser grooved buried contact (LGBC) method was applied, which is compatible with the existing screen-printed solar cell equipment and facilities. Experiments were performed in order to optimize short circuit current (I(sc)), open circuit voltage (V(oc)) and fill factor of high efficiency solar cells. To enhance I(sc), V(oc) and efficiency, heavy doping was performed at low sheet resistance in the laser grooved region of the cell. In contrast, light doping was carried out at a high sheet resistance in the non-laser grooved region. To increase fill factor, porous silicon found on the wafer after dipping in an HF solution to remove SiN(x), was cleared. The fabricated screen-printing LGBC solar cell using a 125 mm x 125 mm single crystalline silicon wafer exhibited an efficiency of 17.2%. The results show that screen-printing LGBC method can be applied for high efficiency solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W W Jung
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|