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Galoski CE, Jiménez Martínez AE, Schultz GB, Dos Santos I, Froehner S. Use of n-alkanes to trace erosion and main sources of sediments in a watershed in southern Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2019; 682:447-456. [PMID: 31128364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Erosive processes can transport sediments containing nutrients, heavy metals and contaminants of organic and inorganic origin into bodies of water, therefore affecting the local ecosystem and the population that benefits from the water sources. In order to better understand the origin of sediment sources and establish mitigation measures, the use of the sediment fingerprinting technique has been highlighted. Thus, the present work had as objective to apply n-alkanes in order to trace and understand the main sources of organic matter in sediments and associate the results with land and soil occupation. The study area is located in the municipality of Rio Negrinho - Brazil, in the Saci river basin. Soil samples were collected and classified according to their use and occupation, as well as and samples of local vegetation to be used as reference. The distribution of n-alkanes in the sediments was compared with the distribution found in the vegetation and soil. Previously, a distribution pattern of n-alkanes had been identified in all major vegetation used to trace the source of organic matter and hence the soil. The concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and granulometry were also analyzed in the soil and sediment samples. Indexes between n-alkanes were used and applied to assess the source together with statistical analysis (PCA). In sum, the results showed that the sediments are mainly composed of Pinus taeda reforestation soils, as well as soil from the abandoned roads used to transport the cut trees, while the contribution of autochthonous sediments was found to be minimal. In this way, the fingerprint technique served as an auxiliary tool in order to establish measures for the good management of a river basin, bringing important information about the contributing sources of sediment to water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Galoski
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil.
| | | | - Gilson Bauer Schultz
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Irani Dos Santos
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Sandro Froehner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
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202
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Onakatomi Y, Asou T, Takeda Y, Ueda H, Goda M, Masuda M. Aortic erosion occurring in over 5 years after Amplatzer septal Occluder implantation for secundum atrial septal defect: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 14:159. [PMID: 31492164 PMCID: PMC6728993 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-019-0982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic erosion is a serious complication that usually occurs shortly after Amplazter Septal Occluder (ASO) implantation for atrial septal defect (ASD). Case presentation A seven-year-old girl was diagnosed with secundum ASD without symptoms. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a defect of 20 mm in diameter in the fossa ovalis without aortic rim. An ASO device of 24 mm in diameter was selected and electively implanted. The “A-shape” of the device was confirmed by intraoperative TEE, a landmark finding indicating the proper implantation of ASO in patients without aortic rim. After an uneventful postoperative course of 5 years and 10 months, she was transferred to our unit due to cardiogenic shock. Her echocardiogram in emergency room showed pericardial effusion with collapsed right ventricle. Given her history of ASO and the observation of the sequentially increasing pericardial effusion, we diagnosed her with acute cardiac tamponade due to aortic erosion. Emergency pericardiotomy was then performed to improve the hemodynamic condition. Fresh clots were found, so we immediately prepared the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and explored the damage to the aorta, in which the clots had accumulated. Bleeding suddenly started when the clots were removed. We then inserted the cannulae for perfusion and venous drainage. The clots were removed, and tears were found in both the lateral side of the ascending aorta and the right atrial wall. Intraoperative TEE showed that an edge of the ASO device was directly touching the aortic wall and the Doppler color-flow imaging showed blood flow through this lesion. The erosive lacerations of both the ascending aorta and right atrium were detected from the inside after achieving cardioplegic cardiac arrest. The ascending aorta was obliquely incised, and the laceration was closed from inside the aortic root. The postoperative course was uneventful. She has been doing well for 5 years since the surgery. Conclusions We experienced and successfully treated a rare case of acute cardiac tamponade caused by aortic erosion 5 years and 10 months after ASO implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Onakatomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Asou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motohiko Goda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0008, Japan.
| | - Munekata Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0008, Japan
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low calorie soda beverages on the enamel of primary teeth. Study Design: Fifty enamel slabs were prepared from twenty primary extracted teeth and were equally divided into five groups: a) 0.9% NaCl (Control), b) Coca-Cola Classic (Sucrose), c) Diet Coke (Aspartame), d) Zevia Cola (Erythritol), e) Coca-Cola Life (Stevia). Each specimen was exposed to the beverage for a total of sixty minutes. Enamel surface roughness was measured before and after the exposures using a LEXT OLS4000 3D Laser Measuring Microscope. Results: All tested sodas resulted to a statistically significant change on the surface roughness of the enamel (p =.000). However, this effect did not differ significantly between the different treatment groups (p =.103). Conclusions: Both regular soda and low calorie soda containing different commercial sweeteners appear to have an effect on the surface morphology of primary tooth enamel. Thus, it is important to discourage the intake of any type of soda as part of the dietary advice provided in the dental office.
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204
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Robichaud PR, Storrar KA, Wagenbrenner JW. Effectiveness of straw bale check dams at reducing post-fire sediment yields from steep ephemeral channels. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:721-731. [PMID: 31054416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-fire flooding and elevated sediment loads in channels can pose hazards to people and structures within the wildland-urban interface. Mitigation of these hazards is essential to protect downstream resources. Straw bale check dams are one treatment designed to reduce sediment yields in small ephemeral catchments (<2ha). This study investigated their effectiveness in five paired catchments burned at high severity during the 2010 Twitchell Canyon Fire in Utah. Rainfall, ground cover and hillslope erosion rates were also measured during the two-year study. Adjacent paired catchments were physically similar and ranged in size from 0.2 to 1.6ha across pairs. Within pairs, one catchment was an untreated control and the other treated at a rate of four straw bale check dams ha-1. High intensity rainfall, erodible soils and slow regrowth contributed to the observed high hillslope sediment yields (> 60Mgha-1). 1- and 2-yr I30 return period rain events early in the study quickly filled the straw bale check dams indicating the treatment did not statistically reduce annual sediment yields. First year annual sediment yields across all catchments were 19.6 to 25.7Mgha-1. Once the check dams were full, they had limited storage capacity during the second post-fire year, allowing 3.8 to 13.1Mgha-1 of sediment to pass over the check dams. The mean mass of sediment trapped by individual straw bale check dams was 1.3Mg, which allowed them to trap a mean of 5.9Mgha-1 of sediment at the given treatment rate. Straw bale check dams trapped <50% of the total mass delivered from catchments with efficiency decreasing over time. Increasing straw bale check dam treatment rate in stable channels may improve trap efficiency. Application of this treatment in areas with lower expected rainfall intensities and less erodible soils may be justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Robichaud
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Keenan A Storrar
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joseph W Wagenbrenner
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA, USA
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205
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Mohamad M, Al-Tawarah TAS, Aladaileh MAAO, Khalaf AH, Hawasheen HH, Abu-Abeeleh M. Bronchial erosion and migration of Port-A-Cath, a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 60:376-378. [PMID: 31288203 PMCID: PMC6614753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Central venous lines are used to obtain a long lasting vascular access for total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, as well as obtaining blood samples. They are widely used in hematology/oncology patients. Complications of the insertion of Port-A-Catheters may include thrombotic and infectious complications. Catheter migration is relatively a rare complication but potentially life threatening. Clinicians should recognize the development of bronchial erosion upon clinical suspicion confirmed by radiological investigations. Treatment is tailored at removing the catheter and correcting any possible complication due to migration.
Introduction Several possible complications are known to be related to central venous catheters. Presentation of case A 20-year-old lady had a catheter (Port-a-Cath) inserted in the left subclavian vein to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma. One year after insertion, on receiving intravenous chemotherapy the patient began coughing. Imaging studies showed the tip of the catheter to be crossing the superior mediastinum into the upper lobe of the right lung. The patient was taken to the operating room and the Port-a-Cath catheter was removed intact. Discussion Migration is a rare complication associated with insertion of these lines. Accompanying erosion into an airway is even rarer. Conclusion Any unexplained deterioration in the respiratory system should raise suspicion of catheter migration and bronchial erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahseeri Mohamad
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, P.O Box 13857, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | | | | | - Azzam Hunsi Khalaf
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, P.O Box 13857, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Hebah Hisham Hawasheen
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine, Yarmouk University, 21163, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud Abu-Abeeleh
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, P.O Box 13857, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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206
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Deis DR, Mendelssohn IA, Fleeger JW, Bourgoin SM, Lin Q. Legacy effects of Hurricane Katrina influenced marsh shoreline erosion following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:456-467. [PMID: 30965260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance interactions occur when one perturbation influences the severity and perhaps the baseline state of succeeding disturbances. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances are frequent in dynamic coastal ecosystems and can often be linked. We evaluated potential for disturbance interactions associated with the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was preceded by disturbance from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, by quantifying marsh shoreline retreat across both events. Our goal was to determine the degree to which Hurricane Katrina altered baseline rates of erosion prior to the DWH spill. We quantified erosion rate and fetch from aerial images of northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana marsh shorelines classified as reference, moderately-oiled, and heavily-oiled over three pre-spill time periods (1998-2004, prior to Hurricane Katrina; 2004-2005, during Katrina; 2005-2010, post-Katrina but pre-oil spill) and a post-spill period from 2010 to 2013. Prior to Hurricane Katrina, marsh shoreline erosion rates were low (from 0.38 to 1.10 m yr-1). In contrast during Hurricane Katrina (2004-2005), erosion increased by 661% and 756%, respectively, for shorelines that would subsequently become moderately and heavily-oiled; reference shoreline erosion increased by 59%. These high erosion rates were associated with increased fetch and higher wave action due to loss of protective geomorphic features such as small islands and spits and persisted during the post-Katrina/pre-spill period of 2005-2010 (0.62, 1.38, and 2.07 m yr-1 for reference, moderately, and heavily-oiled shorelines, respectively). Erosion rates increased modestly after the DWH event (reference = 1.13 m yr-1, moderate oiling = 1.45 m yr-1; heavy oiling = 2.77 m yr-1), but not significantly, compared to the post-Katrina period. Consequently, we could not detect a post-spill increase in marsh shoreline erosion. Rather, we concluded that Hurricane Katrina reset the erosion baseline, thereby connecting the two disturbances, and was the major driver of marsh shoreline erosion at our research sites during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irving A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - John W Fleeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Qianxin Lin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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207
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Kumar H, Ganesan SP, Bordoloi S, Sreedeep S, Lin P, Mei G, Garg A, Sarmah AK. Erodibility assessment of compacted biochar amended soil for geo-environmental applications. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:698-707. [PMID: 30974360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amended soil (BAS) has been explored as a cover material for geo-environmental applications such as landfill cover due to its vegetation potential. Soil erosion in these infrastructures can progressively lead to failure and hamper the workability of the system. BAS is compacted for geo-environmental applications, unlike agricultural soil, which are loose in nature. Furthermore, the love-hate relationship of biochar with water can potentially affect the functioning of compacted cover system. Thus, the performance of compacted BAS in the context of erosion potential is not well understood. The major objective of this technical note was to explore the erosion potential of compacted BAS sourced from four distinct biochars. Biochar were produced in-house and mixed with soil at 5% and 10% by weight. In total, 81 pinhole erosion tests were performed to gauge the erosion rate of bare soil and BAS at three different compaction states at same compaction energy. It was revealed that the erosion rate decreased with gradual increment in water content for BAS, which was mainly attributed to the change of particle orientation from flocculated to dispersed along the compaction curve. Addition of biochar to soil resulted in decrease of erosion along the dry state whereas the opposite was observed for wet state. This was attributed to the surface functional groups as well as particle gradation of biochar. Erodibility coefficient and critical shear stress plot of soil and BAS revealed that addition of biochar had minimal effect on erosion of compacted silty sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, China
| | | | - Sanandam Bordoloi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
| | - S Sreedeep
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, China
| | - Guoxiong Mei
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, China
| | - Ankit Garg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, China
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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208
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van Zanten F, van Iersel JJ, Paulides TJC, Verheijen PM, Broeders IAMJ, Consten ECJ, Lenters E, Schraffordt Koops SE. Long-term mesh erosion rate following abdominal robotic reconstructive pelvic floor surgery: a prospective study and overview of the literature. Int Urogynecol J 2019; 31:1423-1433. [PMID: 31222568 PMCID: PMC7306026 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-019-03990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis The use of synthetic mesh in transvaginal pelvic floor surgery has been subject to debate internationally. Although mesh erosion appears to be less associated with an abdominal approach, the long-term outcome has not been studied intensively. This study was set up to determine the long-term mesh erosion rate following abdominal pelvic reconstructive surgery. Methods A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care setting. All consecutive female patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and sacrocolporectopexy in 2011 and 2012 were included. Primary outcome was mesh erosion. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation (6 weeks, 1 year, 5 years) with a clinical examination and questionnaire regarding pelvic floor symptoms was performed. Mesh-related complications were assessed using a transparent vaginal speculum, proctoscopy, and digital vaginal and rectal examination. Kaplan–Meier estimates were calculated for mesh erosion. A review of the literature on mesh exposure after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy was performed (≥12 months’ follow-up). Results Ninety-six of the 130 patients included (73.8%) were clinically examined. Median follow-up time was 48.1 months (range 36.0–62.1). Three mesh erosions were diagnosed (3.1%; Kaplan–Meier 4.9%, 95% confidence interval 0–11.0): one bladder erosion for which mesh resection and an omental patch interposition were performed, and two asymptomatic vaginal erosions (at 42.7 and 42.3 months) treated with estrogen cream in one. Additionally, 22 patients responded solely by questionnaire and/or telephone; none reported mesh-related complaints. The literature, mostly based on retrospective studies, described a median mesh erosion rate of 1.9% (range 0–13.3%). Conclusions The long-term rate of mesh erosion following an abdominally placed synthetic graft is low. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00192-019-03990-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke van Zanten
- Department of Gynecology, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J van Iersel
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J C Paulides
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Verheijen
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A M J Broeders
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C J Consten
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Lenters
- Department of Gynecology, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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209
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Lussi A, João-Souza SH, Megert B, Carvalho TS, Baumann T. [The erosive potential of different drinks, foodstuffs and medicines – a vade mecum]. Swiss Dent J 2019; 129:479-487. [PMID: 31169011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the excessive consumption of acidic drinks and foods contributes to dental erosion and may be an important contributing factor for erosive tooth wear. The aims of the present contribution were twofold: (1) to assess the erosive potential of 116 dietary substances and medications; (2) to determine the chemical properties with an impact on the erosive potential. Using 300 deciduous and 1,020 permanent human teeth, enamel specimens were prepared and a pellicle was formed with human saliva. The erosive potential of the tested agents was quantified as the change in surface hardness of the specimens after 2 min of erosion. To characterise these agents, the following chemical properties were determined: pH, titratable acidity to pH 7, concentrations of Ca, Pi and F, as well as the degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite. We conclude that some drinks, foodstuffs and medications may cause erosion. However, pH is not the only decisive factor, since some acidic substances did not cause dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lussi
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv- und Kinderzahnmedizin, Universität Bern
| | | | - Brigitte Megert
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv- und Kinderzahnmedizin, Universität Bern
| | - Thiago S. Carvalho
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv- und Kinderzahnmedizin, Universität Bern
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv- und Kinderzahnmedizin, Universität Bern
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210
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Torresani L, Wu J, Masin R, Penasa M, Tarolli P. Estimating soil degradation in montane grasslands of North-eastern Italian Alps (Italy). Heliyon 2019; 5:e01825. [PMID: 31249887 PMCID: PMC6584777 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands cover a large portion of the terrestrial ecosystems, and are vital for biodiversity conservation, environmental protection and livestock husbandry. However, grasslands are degraded due to unreasonable management worldwide, i.e., soil erosion indirectly due to the damage of overgrazing on vegetation coverage and soil texture. An in-depth investigation is necessary to quantify soil erosion in alpine pastures, in order to manage grasslands more sustainably. In this work, we collected freely available satellite images and carried out intensive field surveys for the whole Autonomous Province of Trento (Northeastern Italian Alps) in 2016. The area (and volume) of soil erosions were then estimated and shown in maps. The average of the depths of soil erosion measured in field was used as a reference for estimating soil erosion of the entire study area. High-resolution DEMs difference in soil surface conditions was also computed in two representative areas between pre- and post-degradation to estimate the volume and the average depth of eroded soils. The degradation of soil in the study areas has been estimated in 144063 m2 and an estimated volume of 33610 ± 1800 m3. Results indicate that our procedure can serve as a low-cost approach for a rapid estimation of soil erosion in mountain areas. Mapping soil erosion can improve the sustainability of grazing management system and reduce the risk of pastureland degradation at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Torresani
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Roberta Masin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Tarolli
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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211
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Philip ST, Abdulla AM, Ganapathy S, Vedam V, Rajeev V. Comparative Evaluation of Erosive Potential of Various Frozen and Unfrozen Fruit Juices on Primary Teeth Enamel: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S463-S467. [PMID: 31198388 PMCID: PMC6555365 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_78_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Changing lifestyle pattern and food habits has a deteriorating effect on dental tissues. Dental erosion is a pathological wear of hard tissues of teeth with increased consumption of acidic and carbonated drinks. Susceptibility to erosion in primary dentition is more compared to permanent dentition due to softer and disordered crystal structure of enamel. Objectives: The main aim of the study was to determine and compare the erosive potential of different fruit juices in frozen/unfrozen forms on primary teeth by studying the calcium dissolution. Materials and methods: pH of four different juices (pure) - apple, orange, citrus limetta (musumbi) and grapes were determined using a digital pH meter. The titratable acidity of these in frozen and unfrozen forms were determined by adding 0.2 ml of 1M NaOH to these to raise to pH=5.5(critical pH) and pH =7(neutral pH). Forty eight caries free deciduous anterior teeth specimens were prepared to study the calcium dissolution by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were analysed for statistical significance using One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA and pair wise multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction. Results: Total titratable acidity and calcium dissolution were found to be significantly more in the initial thawed fruit juices. Conclusion: Frozen fruit juices had more buffering capacity and erosive potential than unfrozen forms. The study concluded that sucking on frozen fruit juices is more damaging to teeth than unfrozen forms because more of erosion is expected to occur in a frozen state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil T Philip
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Anshad M Abdulla
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivadas Ganapathy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vaishnavi Vedam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vini Rajeev
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
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Panagos P, Borrelli P, Poesen J. Soil loss due to crop harvesting in the European Union: A first estimation of an underrated geomorphic process. Sci Total Environ 2019; 664:487-498. [PMID: 30759412 PMCID: PMC6500783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades or so, there has been many research carried out to understand the mechanics and spatial distribution of soil loss by water erosion and to a lesser extent of wind, piping and tillage erosion. The acquired knowledge helped the development of prediction tools useful to support decision-makers in both ex-ante and ex-post policy evaluation. In Europe, recent studies have modelled water, wind and tillage erosion at continental scale and shed new light on their geography. However, to acquire a comprehensive picture of soil erosion threats more processes need to be addressed and made visible to decision-makers. Since 1986, a small number of studies have pointed to an additional significant soil degradation process occurring when harvesting root and tuber crops. Field observations and measurements have shown that considerable amounts of soil can be removed from the field due to soil sticking to the harvested roots and the export of soil clods during the crop harvest. This study aims to scale up the findings of past studies, carried out at plot, regional, and national level, in order to obtain some preliminary insights into the magnitude of soil loss from cropland due to sugar beets and potatoes harvesting in Europe. We address this issue at European Union (EU) scale taking into account long-term (1975-2016) crop statistics of sugar beet and potato aggregated at regional and country levels. During the period 2000-2016, sugar beets and potatoes covered in average ca. 4.2 million ha (3.81%) of the EU-28 arable land estimated at 110 million ha. The total Soil Loss by Crop Harvesting (SLCH) is estimated at ca. 14.7 million tons yr-1 in the EU-28. We estimate that ca. 65% of the total SLCH is due to harvesting of sugar beets and the rest as a result of potatoes harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | | | - Jean Poesen
- Division of Geography and Tourism, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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213
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Elwardani GE, Harhash TAH, Zaky AA. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG on Remineralization Using CPP - ACPF (MI - Paste Plus) after Enamel Erosion Caused by Carbonated Soft Drink in Primary Teeth: In-Vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1184-1192. [PMID: 31049105 PMCID: PMC6490502 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Erosion is a widespread phenomenon with higher predilection in primary dentition. AIM: The aim of the present study is to assess the remineralising effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application combined with CPP-ACPF after erosive demineralisation by Coca-Cola in primary teeth. METHODS: Fifty teeth (n = 10) were divided into; Group I: Artificial saliva, (Saliva natural, Medac, UK), Group II: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus, GC Corp, USA), Group III: Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase iPlus, USA), Group IV: CPP-ACPF + Er,Cr:YSGG, Group V: Er,Cr:YSGG + CPP-ACPF. Teeth were immersed in Coca-Cola for 10 min, 5 times/day for 5 days. DIAGNOdent (DD) measurements were taken before and after the experiment. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in DD readings after erosive-treatment cycles in all test groups. The highest reading was in samples immersed in artificial saliva, and the lowest was in those subjected to combined CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, regardless of the sequence used. There was no significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva, and after CPP-ACPF application. Similarly, there was no significant difference between samples treated by combined treatment of CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG application. However, there was a significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva or treated with CPP-ACPF application and those subjected to combined treatment CPP-ACPF along with Er,Cr:YSGG. CONCLUSION: Combining Er,Cr:YSGG laser and CPP-ACPF paste significantly increased enamel remineralisation, regardless of the sequence implemented. Saliva naturally and CPP-ACPF application had a comparable effect on remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ezzeldin Elwardani
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek Abdel Hamid Harhash
- Medical Applications of Laser Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abbas Zaky
- Medical Applications of Laser Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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214
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Bak EN, Larsen MG, Jensen SK, Nørnberg P, Moeller R, Finster K. Wind-Driven Saltation: An Overlooked Challenge for Life on Mars. Astrobiology 2019; 19:497-505. [PMID: 30407074 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the martian surface environment is hostile to life because of its rough radiation climate and the reactive chemistry of the regolith. Physical processes such as erosion and transport of mineral particles by wind-driven saltation have hitherto not been considered as a life hazard. We report a series of experiments where bacterial endospores (spores of Bacillus subtilis) were exposed to a simulated saltating martian environment. We observed that 50% of the spores that are known to be highly resistant to radiation and oxidizing chemicals were destroyed by saltation-mediated abrasion within one minute. Scanning electron micrographs show that the spores were not only damaged by abrasion but were eradicated during the saltation process. We suggest that abrasion mediated by wind-driven saltation should be included as a factor that defines the habitability of the martian surface environment. The process may efficiently protect the martian surface from forward contamination with terrestrial microbial life-forms. Abrasion mediated by wind-driven saltation should also be considered as a major challenge to indigenous martian surface life if it exists/existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Bak
- 1 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M G Larsen
- 1 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S K Jensen
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Nørnberg
- 1 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Moeller
- 3 Institute of Aerospace Medicine , Radiation Biology Department, Space Microbiology Research Group, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - K Finster
- 1 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
- 4 Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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215
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Kandregula S, Beniwal M, Srinivas D, Mhatre R. Ganglioglioma with Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Rare Presentation. World Neurosurg 2019; 127:11-14. [PMID: 30922908 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gangliogliomas are low-grade gliomas, and patients generally present with seizures. Gangliogliomas commonly occur in the temporal lobe and predominantly occur in children. Malignant progression is rare. CASE DESCRIPTION A 26-year-old woman presented with a history of seizures since childhood and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea for the past 6 months. Generally, patients with gangliogliomas seek early medical attention, as they present with dramatic complex partial seizures. This patient experienced seizures for 10 years and never sought medical attention during this time. She did not present for medical evaluation until she developed cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. CONCLUSIONS This case gave us an opportunity to learn the natural history of ganglioglioma, although clinical presentations vary according to tumor location. This is the first case report to our knowledge of a patient with ganglioglioma presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kandregula
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Manish Beniwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Dwarakanath Srinivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Radhika Mhatre
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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216
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Azareh A, Rahmati O, Rafiei-Sardooi E, Sankey JB, Lee S, Shahabi H, Ahmad BB. Modelling gully- erosion susceptibility in a semi-arid region, Iran: Investigation of applicability of certainty factor and maximum entropy models. Sci Total Environ 2019; 655:684-696. [PMID: 30476849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gully erosion susceptibility mapping is a fundamental tool for land-use planning aimed at mitigating land degradation. However, the capabilities of some state-of-the-art data-mining models for developing accurate maps of gully erosion susceptibility have not yet been fully investigated. This study assessed and compared the performance of two different types of data-mining models for accurately mapping gully erosion susceptibility at a regional scale in Chavar, Ilam, Iran. The two methods evaluated were: Certainty Factor (CF), a bivariate statistical model; and Maximum Entropy (ME), an advanced machine learning model. Several geographic and environmental factors that can contribute to gully erosion were considered as predictor variables of gully erosion susceptibility. Based on an existing differential GPS survey inventory of gully erosion, a total of 63 eroded gullies were spatially randomly split in a 70:30 ratio for use in model calibration and validation, respectively. Accuracy assessments completed with the receiver operating characteristic curve method showed that the ME-based regional gully susceptibility map has an area under the curve (AUC) value of 88.6% whereas the CF-based map has an AUC of 81.8%. According to jackknife tests that were used to investigate the relative importance of predictor variables, aspect, distance to river, lithology and land use are the most influential factors for the spatial distribution of gully erosion susceptibility in this region of Iran. The gully erosion susceptibility maps produced in this study could be useful tools for land managers and engineers tasked with road development, urbanization and other future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azareh
- Department of Geography, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Rahmati
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | | | - Joel B Sankey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Saro Lee
- Geoscience Platform Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 305350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Himan Shahabi
- Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Baharin Bin Ahmad
- Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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217
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Bierschenk AM, Mueller M, Pander J, Geist J. Impact of catchment land use on fish community composition in the headwater areas of Elbe, Danube and Main. Sci Total Environ 2019; 652:66-74. [PMID: 30359803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of catchment land-use and the corresponding habitat degradation pose a threat to freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem health, yet few studies comprehensively quantified the effects of specific land-use variables on fish communities for different catchments within the same climatic region. Herein, we investigated the influence of catchment land use on fish community composition in the headwater areas of the European main river systems Elbe, Danube and Main/Rhine. The analyses comprising 289 streams and rivers in Bavaria, southern Germany, revealed that the influence of urbanization (e.g. ground sealing), potamalisation (impoundment of water courses), and erosion-prone, agricultural land-use types (e.g. root crop, maize) were significantly related to the fish community composition. In addition, multiple stressors were effective indicators and their importance differed between survey-area scales, geographical regions, and stream sizes. The findings suggest that terrestrial effects of land-use and urbanization need to be more strongly considered in the conservation of endangered stream fishes, ideally including combined measures of erosion control, restoration of environmental flows and mitigation of structural degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bierschenk
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 18-22, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - M Mueller
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 18-22, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - J Pander
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 18-22, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - J Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 18-22, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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218
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Trévisan D, Giguet-Covex C, Sabatier P, Quétin P, Arnaud F. Coupling indicators and lumped-parameter modeling to assess suspended matter and soluble phosphorus losses. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:3027-3040. [PMID: 30373079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For ecological and economic issues, evaluating the environmental fate of dissolved and suspended matter in catchments and river ecosystems still remains a challenge for the preservation and management of natural resources. Models are useful tools and may help to cope with this challenge, and especially to define the relationships between the state of natural systems and land and river management/uses. As it is difficult - even impossible - to carry out experiments on natural systems such as catchments, models are also useful to test hypotheses about the underlying processes acting on dissolved and suspended losses. We propose an innovative approach to achieve these objectives. By coupling environmental indicators and lumped modeling, this study aims to develop a conceptual and general framework to evaluate and test the functions that drive particulate and dissolved matter flows at the catchment and landscape scales, while respecting the constraint of parsimony for the number of model parameters. Calculated suspended matter (SM) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) losses agreed well with field data. 210Pbex (excess Pb) activities in core sediments were also compared to those of 210Pbex calculated from the filling of the reservoir. Our models are parsimonious and this does not impair their accuracy in reproducing recorded outflows or evaluating the sedimentation processes associated to particulate outflows. Considering the adequacy of our models, we validate the hypothesis that river bank erosion and water table behavior are the driving processes that govern losses of particulate and solute forms of P, in the studied extensive agriculture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Trévisan
- INRA, UMR 42 Carrtel, 75 avenue de Corzent, BP 511, Thonon les bains F-74203, France.
| | - C Giguet-Covex
- CNRS, UMR 5204 Edytem, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 5 bd de la mer Caspienne, Le Bourget du Lac F-73376, France
| | - P Sabatier
- CNRS, UMR 5204 Edytem, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 5 bd de la mer Caspienne, Le Bourget du Lac F-73376, France
| | - P Quétin
- INRA, UMR 42 Carrtel, 75 avenue de Corzent, BP 511, Thonon les bains F-74203, France
| | - F Arnaud
- CNRS, UMR 5204 Edytem, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 5 bd de la mer Caspienne, Le Bourget du Lac F-73376, France
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Roux C, Gandjbakhch F, Pierreisnard A, Couderc M, Lukas C, Masri R, Sommier JP, Clerc-Urmes I, Baumann C, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D. Ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of erosive rheumatoid arthritis using osteoarthritic patients as controls compared to validated radiographic criteria. Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:467-474. [PMID: 30711693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to compare characteristics of radiography (RX) and ultrasound (US) erosive lesions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients (prevalence, topography and severity), to determine thresholds for the diagnosis of erosive RA based on US and to evaluate the performance of US and RX to establish a diagnosis of erosive RA differentiated from hand OA. METHODS Patients fulfilling ACR 1987 and/or ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for RA or ACR hand OA criteria were prospectively included. A modified Sharp erosion score was assessed by two blinded readers and one adjudicator for discordant cases (number of eroded joints ≤ three). Erosions in US were scored on six bilateral joints (MCP2-3, 5; MTP2-3, 5) with a four-grade scale to calculate total US score for erosions (USSe). RESULTS A total of 168 patients were included: 122 RA (32 early RA < 2 years; 90 late RA ≥ 2 years); 46 OA patients. On RX: 42 RA patients (6 early; 36 late) and 5 OA patients were eroded according to EULAR 2013 definition criteria with sensitivity at 34.4% and specificity at 89.1%. On US, 95 RA patients (21 early; 74 late) and 12 OA patients were eroded. Considering at least two joint facets eroded or at least one joint facet eroded at grade 2 on US, sensitivities were good (68-72.1%) and specificities excellent (89.1-100%). Agreement between RX and US was excellent (90-92%). The positive and negative likehood ratios were respectively 3.16 and 0.73 for radiography and 6.64 and 0.31 for US (for two facets eroded). CONCLUSION USSe can differentiate RA from OA in erosive disease and detect two times more patients with erosive RA than RX with excellent specificity and agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roux
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | - Audrey Pierreisnard
- Department of rheumatology, academic hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Couderc
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Clermont- Ferrand, 63000 Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Lukas
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Lapeyronie, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Racha Masri
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Sommier
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Clerc-Urmes
- Platform of clinical research support PARC (MDS unity), university Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Platform of clinical research support PARC (MDS unity), university Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm, CIC-EC CIE6, university hospital of Nancy, epidemiology and clinical evaluation, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Damien Loeuille
- Department of rheumatology, university hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm, CIC-EC CIE6, university hospital of Nancy, epidemiology and clinical evaluation, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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220
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Zargham M, Saberi N, Khorrami MH, Mohamadi M, Nourimahdavi K, Izadpanahi MH. Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Correction by Single Incision and Using Monoprosthesis: Three-year Follow-up. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 7:159. [PMID: 30662888 PMCID: PMC6319033 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_57_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim was to study the effectiveness and safety of a modified technique that employs a four-arm polypropylene (PP) mesh (NAZCA-TC) to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and concurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) simultaneously. Materials and Methods: This prospective follow-up study was conducted on fifty SUI women with concurrent high-grade (greater than Stage 2) anterior vaginal wall and/or uterine prolapse who were referred to Al-Zahra and Noor Hospitals in Isfahan and underwent surgery using the NAZCA-TC, Promedon, Argantina kit. The POP-Quantification system was employed for staging POP before and after surgery. To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients’ quality of life, a stress test and the short form of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire of Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom were used. Patients were followed up and assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.2 ± 10.2 years. There was a great reduction (88.6%) in POP staging after surgery. The success rate of SUI treatment was significantly high (83.5%). During 3 years of postoperative follow-up, mesh erosion occurred in 18%, 5 patients (10%) presented with mesh erosion in the first years after operation, 16% reported significant groin or pelvic pain, and 10% required sling release. Conclusion: A single vaginal incision and using two less percutaneous access sites with the PP meshes were effective for treating patients with concurrent POP and SUI but have a high rate of postsurgery erosion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Zargham
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narjes Saberi
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hatef Khorrami
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohamadi
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kia Nourimahdavi
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Izadpanahi
- Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, AL-Zahra Institute Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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221
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Rey F, Bifulco C, Bischetti GB, Bourrier F, De Cesare G, Florineth F, Graf F, Marden M, Mickovski SB, Phillips C, Peklo K, Poesen J, Polster D, Preti F, Rauch HP, Raymond P, Sangalli P, Tardio G, Stokes A. Soil and water bioengineering: Practice and research needs for reconciling natural hazard control and ecological restoration. Sci Total Environ 2019; 648:1210-1218. [PMID: 30340266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water bioengineering is a technology that encourages scientists and practitioners to combine their knowledge and skills in the management of ecosystems with a common goal to maximize benefits to both man and the natural environment. It involves techniques that use plants as living building materials, for: (i) natural hazard control (e.g., soil erosion, torrential floods and landslides) and (ii) ecological restoration or nature-based re-introduction of species on degraded lands, river embankments, and disturbed environments. For a bioengineering project to be successful, engineers are required to highlight all the potential benefits and ecosystem services by documenting the technical, ecological, economic and social values. The novel approaches used by bioengineers raise questions for researchers and necessitate innovation from practitioners to design bioengineering concepts and techniques. Our objective in this paper, therefore, is to highlight the practice and research needs in soil and water bioengineering for reconciling natural hazard control and ecological restoration. Firstly, we review the definition and development of bioengineering technology, while stressing issues concerning the design, implementation, and monitoring of bioengineering actions. Secondly, we highlight the need to reconcile natural hazard control and ecological restoration by posing novel practice and research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - C Bifulco
- Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G B Bischetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Bourrier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - G De Cesare
- Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions LCH, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - F Florineth
- Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction, Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - F Graf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland.
| | - M Marden
- Landcare Research, PO Box 445, Gisborne 4040, New Zealand.
| | - S B Mickovski
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Rd, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
| | - C Phillips
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand.
| | - K Peklo
- I.C.E. Klaus PEKLO, Soil and Fluvial Bioengineering Consultancy SARL, Lasmarios, 82160, Parisot, France
| | - J Poesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - D Polster
- Polster Environmental Services, 6015 Mary Street, Duncan, BC V9L 2G5, Canada.
| | - F Preti
- University Firenze - GESAAF, Engineering for Agro-Forestry and Biosystems Division, WaVe Research Unit, via san Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - H P Rauch
- Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction, Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - P Raymond
- Terra Erosion Control Ltd., 308 Hart Street, Nelson, British Columbia V1L5N5, Canada.
| | - P Sangalli
- Sangalli Coronel y AsociadosSL, Bioingeniería y Paisaje Montesol, 24-20016 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - G Tardio
- Technical University of Madrid, Avenida Niceto Alcalá Zamora 6 4D, Getafe, Madrid 28905, Spain
| | - A Stokes
- INRA, AMAP, CNRS, IRD, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
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Wang X, Jelinski NA, Toner B, Yoo K. Long-term agricultural management and erosion change soil organic matter chemistry and association with minerals. Sci Total Environ 2019; 648:1500-1510. [PMID: 30340295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of soil organic matter (SOM) and minerals is a critical mechanism for retaining SOM in soil and protecting soil fertility and long-term agricultural sustainability. The chemical speciation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in mineral-associated SOM can be sensitive to both anthropogenic management practices and landscape positions, but these two aspects are rarely examined in tandem. Here we examined the effects of long-term (>100 years) agricultural management and erosion on mineral-associated SOM along grassland and agricultural hillslope transect. The mineral-associated SOM was obtained using particle size and density fractionation approaches. Chemical speciation of C and N in mineral-associated SOM was characterized using micro X-ray absorption near-edge fine structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The extent of SOM coverage and contribution of iron oxyhydroxides (Fe oxides) to the total specific mineral surface area (SSA) were determined using the BET-N2 adsorption method of soil samples under three conditions: untreated, SOM removal, and Fe oxides removal. The amount of SSA covered by SOM (SSASOM-covered) was lower by 61% and 37% in cultivated eroding and depositional topsoils, respectively, compared with the corresponding grassland. Depositional soils had higher SSASOM-covered than eroding positions. In the cultivated hillslopes, aromatic and phenolic C species were more abundant in depositional soils than in the eroding topsoils, indicating that deposition and burial of eroded or in-situ plant-derived phenolic C protected them from further transformation. Our results, therefore, highlight the importance of anthropogenic activities in the interaction of SOM and minerals, including C speciation changes, which may exert a considerable influence on SOM retention in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nicolas A Jelinski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Brandy Toner
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kyungsoo Yoo
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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223
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Rodriguez-Delgado C, Bergillos RJ, Iglesias G. Dual wave farms and coastline dynamics: The role of inter-device spacing. Sci Total Environ 2019; 646:1241-1252. [PMID: 30235610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In dual wave farms, i.e., arrays of wave energy converters (WECs) with a dual function - generation of renewable power and mitigation of coastal erosion - the spacing between the WECs is a fundamental design parameter. The present research has the objective of establishing how this parameter affects the shoreline evolution behind the array and, on this basis, to propose and apply a method to determine the optimum spacing for coastal protection. The method is demonstrated on a beach subjected to severe erosion. Five case studies are considered: four with different inter-WEC spacings, and one without the wave farm (baseline). A spectral wave propagation model is applied to analyse the variations in significant wave height behind the WEC array. Longshore sediment transport rates are calculated, and a shoreline model is applied. We find that in all the case studies the dry beach area is greater than in the baseline (no farm) case study, which proves the capacity of the dual WEC array to mitigate the erosive trends of the system. Importantly, we obtain that the inter-WEC spacing plays a fundamental role in the evolution of the shoreline and, consequently, in the effectiveness of the WEC array for coastal protection. The case studies with intermediate spacings yield the best performance in terms of dry beach area. More generally, the benefits of dual wave farms in terms of protection of coastal properties and infrastructure, and the ensuing savings in conventional coastal defence measures (coastal structures, beach nourishment, etc.) contribute to the development of wave energy by enhancing its economic viability. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to optimize the design of dual wave farms elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael J Bergillos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Mediterráneo, s/n, Granada 18006, Spain
| | - Gregorio Iglesias
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Abstract
AIM To determine the influence of erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition on parental perceptions of oral health. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved a standardised clinical examination of 775 preschool aged children and a parent-administered questionnaire. Erosive tooth wear was measured using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index. RESULTS 71% and 81% of 3 (n = 256) and 5 year-old children (n = 337) respectively exhibited signs of erosive tooth wear. Prevalence was influenced by region (p = 0.049) (p = 0.007) in both age cohorts (χ2, p < 0.05) respectively and by parental level of education (p = 0.012) in the 5-year-old cohort. Parental perception of oral health was significantly associated (χ2, p < 0.05) with parental level of education in the 5-year-old cohort and with the presence of dental caries, reports of pain and dental appearance of the child in both age cohorts. Parental perceptions were unaffected by the degree of erosive tooth wear their child exhibited (p = 0.0564), (p = 0.739) in both age cohorts respectively. CONCLUSIONS Erosive dental tooth wear is increasingly observed in the primary dentition however is not perceived as an oral health issue by parents. Its diagnosis and management therefore, fall heavily within the remit of the dental practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gatt
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - N Attard
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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225
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Solanki KP, Desai MA, Parikh JK. Sono hydrodistillation for isolation of citronella oil: A symbiotic effect of sonication and hydrodistillation towards energy efficiency and environment friendliness. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 49:145-153. [PMID: 30097258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental benign approach for extraction of essential oil was made. An essential oil rich in citronellol, linalool and citronellal was extracted from the leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus using a clean hybrid extraction technique, sono hydrodistillation. Sono hydrodistillation combines ultrasonic waves along with conventional hydrodistillation process to have symbiotic outcomes in terms of process improvement. Significant process parameters such as size of the plant material, extraction time, power, ultrasound amplitude, pulse interval and solid loading were investigated independently to study the effect on yield of oil and composition of oil. The water residue remained after extraction of volatile oil was analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) which would help in assessing the residue as a useful by-product. Substantial reduction in time was observed with the inclusion of ultrasound compared to conventional hydrodistillation. Further, to optimize the extraction conditions, observe interactive effects of various parameters and develop mathematical model, response surface methodology was employed. The maximum yield of oil was found to be 4.118% (w/w) at 21 min extraction time, 5 g solid loading, 250 mL water volume, 500 W heating mantle power, 70% ultrasonic amplitude and 10:50 pulse interval. Total phenolic content was 13.84 mg GAE/g DM. The citronella oil was found to be composed of 27.47% of linalool, 11.52% of citronellal, 34.25% citronellol and 11.15% of elemol. Extraction time, solid loading and pulse interval had the significant influence on the yield of oil and total phenolic contents. Microscopic analysis has assisted in envisaging the probable mechanism indicating the role of sonication for rapid extraction. This novel technique was compared with the conventional hydrodistillation to ascertain the impact towards process intensification. Sono hydrodistillation was found to be a greener and cleaner process as energy consumption has been reduced by 40% while carbon footprint has shrunken by 47%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna P Solanki
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Meghal A Desai
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigisha K Parikh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India.
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226
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Bueno LS, Silva RM, Magalhães APR, Navarro MFL, Pascotto RC, Buzalaf MAR, Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Borges AFS. Positive correlation between fluoride release and acid erosion of restorative glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2019; 35:135-43. [PMID: 30502961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acid erosion and fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements. METHODS Ten specimens for each material were prepared for fluoride release tests and five for acid erosion tests separately. After placed in pH cycling solution, concentration of fluoride was measured by a fluoride-ion selective electrode each day for 15 days. For the acid erosion test, specimens were immersed in a lactic acid solution and their depth measured with a spring-loaded dial gauge. The data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05) RESULTS: All materials showed ability to elute fluoride in the 15 day period of the test, with the same pattern of high fluoride release at the first 24h. Despite this, the amount of fluoride released was statistically different among the 18 groups, with the highest for Maxxion R and the lowest for Chemfil Rock (p>0.05). The highest acid erosion values were registered for Magic Glass, Ion Z, VitroFil and Maxxion R, which exceeded the maximum stipulated by the relevant ISO test (ISO 9917-1). A positive linear correlation (r2=0.4886) was found for both properties, i.e., higher fluoride release is related to higher acid erosion. SIGNIFICANCE Acid erosion and fluoride release are related properties of GICs, though factors such as pH and P/L ratio lead to differences between actual values for individual brands of these materials.
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227
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Abstract
This article describes current devices and indications for transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect (TC-ASD) and patent foramen ovale in children and young adults. TC-ASD has a proven record of efficacy and safety, but device erosion raises questions about the relative safety of TC-ASD versus operative open heart surgical ASD closure. New devices for ASD closure with properties to reduce risk of erosion are being developed. Recent studies demonstrating superiority of patent foramen ovale device closure over medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke may lead to changes in practice for structural/interventional cardiologists. Care should be taken in extrapolating data to children and younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L O'Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Daniel S Levi
- Division of Cardiology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles Medical School, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza #330, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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228
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Cox SE, Doncaster DL, Godfrey PE, Londe MD. Aerial and terrestrial-based monitoring of channel erosion, headcutting, and sinuosity. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:717. [PMID: 30421328 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Headcuts are points of accelerated channel erosion that frequently have ecological consequences. A particularly large and dynamic headcut in southwest Wyoming has affected natural and anthropogenic resources for decades. To better understand and address this issue, we undertook a review of the headcut's upstream retreat, followed by photogrammetric monitoring of the present condition for erosion monitoring. Aerial photography shows the Bitter Creek headcut retreated > 200 m upstream in 68 years (1948-2016) at ~ 1.4 m year-1. Following installation of a concrete slab structure in the mid-1970s, headcut retreat slowed to ~ 0.5 m year-1. Channel sinuosity downstream of the headcut is greater than upstream, which we attribute to the presence of the headcut, given that there are no major changes in valley geometry, geology, or soils through this reach. Both aerial and terrestrial-based image platforms were used to collect stereo imagery and create 3D photogrammetric models of the headcut in 2016. From these two models, we measured soil loss downstream of the headcut at ~ 126 m3 m-1 valley length. Since 1954, soil loss within the channel has been ~ 98 m3 year-1 or ~871 t ha-1 year-1since then. Models created from aerial- and terrestrial-based images differed in volumetric estimates by 2%, indicating that either method could be used for this type of monitoring. The ground-based imagery model showed more detail, especially on vertical and overhanging surfaces, while the aerial imagery model produced a more realistic orthomosaic and efficiently covered a larger area. Ground-based image acquisition took longer and was more costly per unit area, but is an efficient method for small project areas, or areas where aerial imagery cannot be safely or practically acquired. Historical imagery and photogrammetric modeling proved very useful in elucidating stream dynamics associated with this large, dynamic headcut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Cox
- USDI Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office, 5353 Yellowstone Rd, Cheyenne, WY, 82009, USA.
| | - Dennis L Doncaster
- USDI Bureau of Land Management, Rock Springs Field Office, 280 Hwy 191, Rock Springs, WY, 82901, USA
| | - Peter E Godfrey
- USDI Bureau of Land Management, Arizona State Office, 1 North Central Ave, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Michael D Londe
- USDI Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office, 5353 Yellowstone Rd, Cheyenne, WY, 82009, USA
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229
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Rodriguez-Delgado C, Bergillos RJ, Ortega-Sánchez M, Iglesias G. Wave farm effects on the coast: The alongshore position. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:1176-1186. [PMID: 30021283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For wave energy to become a fully-fledged renewable and thus contribute to the much-needed decarbonisation of the energy mix, the effects of wave farms (arrays of wave energy converters) on coastal systems must be addressed. The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of wave farms on the longshore sediment transport and shoreline evolution of a gravel-dominated beach and, in particular, its sensitivity to the longshore position of the farm based on eight scenarios. Nearshore wave propagation patterns are computed by means of a spectral wave propagation model (SWAN), variations in sediment transport rates induced by the farm are calculated, and a one-line model is applied to determine the shoreline position and dry beach area. The significant wave height at breaking is reduced in the lee of the wave farm, dampening sediment transport. We find that changes in the dry beach area induced by the wave farm are highly sensitive to its alongshore position, and may result in: (i) erosion relative to the baseline scenario (without wave farm) in three of the eight scenarios, (ii) accretion in three other scenarios, and (iii) negligible effects in the remaining two. These results prove that the alongshore position of the wave farm controls the response of the beach to the extent that it may shift from accretionary to erosionary, and provide evidence of its effectiveness in countering erosion if appropriately positioned. This effectiveness opens up the possibility of using wave farms not only to generate carbon-free energy but also to manage coastal erosion, thus strengthening the case for the development of wave energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael J Bergillos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Mediterráneo, s/n, Granada 18006, Spain
| | - Miguel Ortega-Sánchez
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Mediterráneo, s/n, Granada 18006, Spain
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230
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Widmer JD, Schade S, Muller MK. A 13-year journey of a gastric band - ultimate destination terminal jejunum: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:297. [PMID: 30326953 PMCID: PMC6192350 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has been the gold standard for surgical management of obesity over the last decades in USA and Europe. However, significant complications have been documented due to foreign body placement, including band erosions. Our treatment approach for erosions is rather observant with regular follow-up until the band has sufficiently perforated the gastric wall which facilitates endoscopic removal. Consequences of a not followed-up band erosion may present even after a long time following initial diagnosis with more severe complications. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our out-patients' clinic with a 2-week history of worsening abdominal pain in her left upper quadrant, exacerbated by abdominal flexion and extension maneuvers. Here we describe a case involving gastric penetration and subsequent downward migration of a band into distal jejunum causing small bowel obstruction, which occurred more than 10 years following initial diagnosis of erosion. The perforation was missed due to cessation of endoscopic follow-up. CONCLUSION Prospective and long-term follow-up is mandatory in those with partial band erosion to avoid further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette D Widmer
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, 8500, Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Schade
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, 8500, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Markus K Muller
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, 8500, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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231
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Bostanmaneshrad F, Partani S, Noori R, Nachtnebel HP, Berndtsson R, Adamowski JF. Relationship between water quality and macro-scale parameters (land use, erosion, geology, and population density) in the Siminehrood River Basin. Sci Total Environ 2018; 639:1588-1600. [PMID: 29929321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, few studies have investigated the simultaneous effects of macro-scale parameters (MSPs) such as land use, population density, geology, and erosion layers on micro-scale water quality variables (MSWQVs). This research focused on an evaluation of the relationship between MSPs and MSWQVs in the Siminehrood River Basin, Iran. In addition, we investigated the importance of water particle travel time (hydrological distance) on this relationship. The MSWQVs included 13 physicochemical and biochemical parameters observed at 15 stations during three seasons. Primary screening was performed by utilizing three multivariate statistical analyses (Pearson's correlation, cluster and discriminant analyses) in seven series of observed data. These series included three separate seasonal data, three two-season data, and aggregated three-season data for investigation of relationships between MSPs and MSWQVs. Coupled data (pairs of MSWQVs and MSPs) repeated in at least two out of three statistical analyses were selected for final screening. The primary screening results demonstrated significant relationships between land use and phosphorus, total solids and turbidity, erosion levels and electrical conductivity, and erosion and total solids. Furthermore, water particle travel time effects were considered through three geographical pattern definitions of distance for each MSP by using two weighting methods. To find effective MSP factors on MSWQVs, a multivariate linear regression analysis was employed. Then, preliminary equations that estimated MSWQVs were developed. The preliminary equations were modified to adaptive equations to obtain the final models. The final models indicated that a new metric, referred to as hydrological distance, provided better MSWQV estimation and water quality prediction compared to the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bostanmaneshrad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (IAU-CTB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Partani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (IAU-CTB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roohollah Noori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans-Peter Nachtnebel
- Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of BOKU, A-1190 Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Austria
| | - Ronny Berndtsson
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Franklin Adamowski
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V6, QC, Canada
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232
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Wegehaupt FJ, Schleich J, Hamza B, Wiedemeier D, Attin T. Performance of a newly developed mineral gel system on erosive and erosive/abrasive enamel loss. An in vitro study. Swiss Dent J 2018; 128:790-797. [PMID: 30101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared the prevention of erosive and erosive/abrasive enamel loss by a medical minerals gel system (R.O.C.S.) to that by an anti-erosive toothpaste. Seventy-two bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to six groups (E1–E3 and EA1–EA3; n=12). Per day, samples were eroded (2 min) 9 times using HCl (pH 2.6). Between erosive challenges and over night samples were stored in artificial saliva. Per day, samples were stored (100 s; groups E1–E3) or additionally brushed (20 brushing strokes; groups EA1–EA3) in/with slurries prepared from artificial saliva plus: no additional toothpaste (control groups E1 and EA1), elmex erosion protection toothpaste (groups E2 and EA2), or R.O.C.S. toothpaste (groups E3 and EA3). Once per day, samples of groups E3 and EA3 were additionally treated (40 min) with a slurry prepared from artificial saliva and R.O.C.S. medical minerals gel. After 7, 14 and 21 days enamel loss was measured by surface profilometry and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis tests and Conover post-hoc tests. Under erosive conditions only (groups E1–E3), at each time point of measurement the significantly lowest enamel loss was observed in group E2. Substance loss in group E3 was significantly higher, but significantly lower compared to that of group E1. Under erosive/abrasive conditions (groups EA1–EA3), at each time point of measurement the significantly lowest enamel wear was observed in group EA2. Wear in group EA3 was significantly higher even compared to that of group EA1. The tested R.O.C.S. medical minerals gel system was able to reduce erosive enamel loss but not erosive/abrasive enamel wear, and it was less effective than the elmex erosion protection toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Jana Schleich
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | | | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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233
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Chytas ID, Antonopoulos C, Cheva A, Givissis P. Capitellar erosion after radial head arthroplasty: A comparative biomechanical study of operated radial head fractures on cadaveric specimens. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:853-857. [PMID: 29581069 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We asked whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or radial head arthroplasty (RHA), common techniques used for the confrontation of displaced or comminuted radial head fractures, are correlated with cartilage wear of the capitulum. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that neither ORIF nor RHA are correlated with capitellar cartilage wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS On 5 cadaveric elbow specimens, osteotomies were employed to simulate radial head comminuted fractures followed with ORIF by Herbert screws. Radial heads were also excised from other 5 cadaveric elbow specimens and were replaced by metallic monopolar implants. Finally, 2 elbows were not operated and used as a control group. Custom-made rotary machines, working unstoppably, generated 700,000 pronation and supination forearm movements at a 110° arc of motion. The elbow joints were examined with pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and the articular surfaces of the capitula were resected and sent for histopathology study. RESULTS In the 2 cadaveric elbows of the control group and the 4 elbows treated with ORIF, no cartilage damage was found. The fifth one displayed cartilage fissures, which were, classified according to International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grading system as grade I cartilage damage. On the contrary, all 5 elbows treated with RHA sustained complete cartilage loss, exposure of the subchondral bone and were classified as ICRS grade IV cartilage damage. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that metallic monopolar RHA after a displaced or comminuted radial head fracture carries a high risk of rapidly evolving cartilage loss of the capitulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Chytas
- 1st Orthopaedic Department of Aristotle University, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Papanikolaou avenue, 019, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - C Antonopoulos
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Cheva
- Pathology Laboratory of "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Givissis
- 1st Orthopaedic Department of Aristotle University, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Papanikolaou avenue, 019, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
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234
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Hueso-González P, Martínez-Murillo JF, Ruiz-Sinoga JD. Prescribed fire impacts on soil properties, overland flow and sediment transport in a Mediterranean forest: A 5 year study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 636:1480-1489. [PMID: 29913608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prescribed fire is a common management practice in Mediterranean region to reduce the amount of fuel and to decrease the wildfire risk. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of a prescribed fire on some soil properties, hydrological response and vegetation recovery in experimental plots 5 years after. The results showed that: i) with the exception of electrical conductivity, the prescribed fire did not affect the analyzed soil properties, and ii) overland flow and sediment transport were increased during the first two years, returning to levels pre-fire, 5 years post-fire. The rainfall threshold for overland flow generation was lower during the following months after the prescribed fire owing to the depletion of the vegetation cover. Immediately after the fire, the vegetation cover was of 1.9%, being the three main soil surface components that dominated the hydrological response: charcoal and decayed wood; blackish and greyish ash, and bare soil. However, these areas decreased very rapidly during the second year following the fire, principally, owing to the regrowth of herbaceous plants and shrubs. In addition, the vegetation cover in burned plots was 16.1% higher than that measured in the unburned ones. Overall, the prescribed fire only had an impact on runoff and sediment transport in the two years post-fire, as consequence of vegetation removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Hueso-González
- Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan F Martínez-Murillo
- Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - José D Ruiz-Sinoga
- Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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235
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Ahmad I. Digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with geographic information system (GIS): an approach towards erosion modeling of Gumara watershed, Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:568. [PMID: 30182302 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes efforts to identify erosion-prone areas in the Gumara watershed using digital elevation model (DEM) data coupled with geographic information system (GIS). The software used to perform the overall analysis were the ESRI ArcGIS v10.3.1 with the ESRI Spatial Analyst and ArcHydro extension. All thematic layers (viz., slope, stream power index, drainage frequency, drainage density, drainage texture, relative relief, plan curvature, profile curvature) were integrated and analyzed in a GIS. A numeric evaluation scale from 1 to 4 was selected for ranking the subclasses of themes. The higher value, 4, represents higher impacts, while the lower value, 1, represents the lowest impact. About 21.71% of the total watershed area is under severe erosion zone. While 32.13%, 23.75%, and 22.42% of the total watershed area falls in moderate, low, and very low erosion zones respectively. In this paper, the numerical classification scheme presented constitutes an integrated approach that shows how to leverage basic watershed information to demarcate erosion prospective zones and measures at various scales for the purposes of watershed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad
- Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Department, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
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236
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Macedo DR, Hughes RM, Kaufmann PR, Callisto M. Development and validation of an environmental fragility index (EFI) for the neotropical savannah biome. Sci Total Environ 2018; 635:1267-1279. [PMID: 29710580 PMCID: PMC6126927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Augmented production and transport of fine sediments resulting from increased human activities are major threats to freshwater ecosystems, including reservoirs and their ecosystem services. To support large scale assessment of the likelihood of soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation, we developed and validated an environmental fragility index (EFI) for the Brazilian neotropical savannah. The EFI was derived from measured geoclimatic controls on sediment production (rainfall, variation of elevation and slope, geology) and anthropogenic pressures (natural cover, road density, distance from roads and urban centers) in 111 catchments upstream of four large hydroelectric reservoirs. We evaluated the effectiveness of the EFI by regressing it against a relative bed stability index (LRBS) that assesses the degree to which stream sites draining into the reservoirs are affected by excess fine sediments. We developed the EFI on 111 of these sites and validated our model on the remaining 37 independent sites. We also compared the effectiveness of the EFI in predicting LRBS with that of a multiple linear regression model (via best-subset procedure) using 7 independent variables. The EFI was significantly correlated with the LRBS, with regression R2 values of 0.32 and 0.40, respectively, in development and validation sites. Although the EFI and multiple regression explained similar amounts of variability (R2 = 0.32 vs 0.36), the EFI had a higher F-ratio (51.6 vs 8.5) and better AICc value (333 vs 338). Because the sites were randomly selected and well-distributed across geoclimatic controlling factors, we were able to calculate spatially-explicit EFI values for all hydrologic units within the study area (~38,500 km2). This model-based inference showed that over 65% of those units had high or extreme fragility. This methodology has great potential for application in the management, recovery, and preservation of hydroelectric reservoirs and streams in tropical river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Macedo
- Departamento de Geografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Philip R Kaufmann
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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237
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Efthimiou N, Psomiadis E. The Significance of Land Cover Delineation on Soil Erosion Assessment. Environ Manage 2018; 62:383-402. [PMID: 29696343 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the significance of land cover delineation on soil erosion assessment. To that end, RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was implemented at the Upper Acheloos River catchment, Western Central Greece, annually and multi-annually for the period 1965-92. The model estimates soil erosion as the linear product of six factors (R, K, LS, C, and P) considering the catchment's climatic, pedological, topographic, land cover, and anthropogenic characteristics, respectively. The C factor was estimated using six alternative land use delineations of different resolution, namely the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) project (2000, 2012 versions) (1:100,000), a land use map conducted by the Greek National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF) (1:20,000), a land use map conducted by the Greek Payment and Control Agency for Guidance and Guarantee Community Aid (PCAGGCA) (1:5,000), and the Landsat 8 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset (30 m/pixel) (two approximations) based on remote sensing data (satellite image acquired on 07/09/2016) (1:40,000). Since all other factors remain unchanged per each RUSLE application, the differences among the yielded results are attributed to the C factor (thus the land cover pattern) variations. Validation was made considering the convergence between simulated (modeled) and observed sediment yield. The latter was estimated based on field measurements conducted by the Greek PPC (Public Power Corporation). The model performed best at both time scales using the Landsat 8 (Eq. 13) dataset, characterized by a detailed resolution and a satisfactory categorization, allowing the identification of the most susceptible to erosion areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Efthimiou
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Laboratory of Agricultural Hydraulics, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Psomiadis
- Department of Geological Sciences and Atmospheric Environment, Laboratory of Mineralogy and Geology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 118 55, Athens, Greece
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238
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Qutieshat AS, Mason AG, Chadwick RG. In vitro simulation of erosive challenges to human enamel using a novel artificial mouth. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:105-112. [PMID: 30181906 PMCID: PMC6115876 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro work reports upon the design, build and operation of an artificial environment (Saltus) that sought to simulate the process of in vivo dental erosion upon human enamel. A novel testing environment, housed 8 erosion testing substrate specimens, that on separate occasions were subject to 4 different experimental diets, of increasing erosive challenge, simulating the consumption of an acidic beverage. Each set of specimens was subjected to one of the experimental diets only. These were liquid only and administered the test beverage over a standardized range of volumes and durations. Flow of both artificial unstimulated and stimulated saliva was maintained throughout and the effects upon the substrates were measured by profilometry, surface microhardness determination and chemical analysis of the saliva and beverage mixture for traces of Calcium and Phosphate ions. The overall trend of surface hardness reduction, depth of surface loss and ion loss across the diets increased in proportion to the severity of insult. Accepting the limitations of this study Saltus appeared to perform well as an environment in which to simulate and assess dental erosion using parameters defined by previous in vivo observations of human drinking behaviour. The authors however acknowledge that in vitro testing can never replicate fully the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubaker S. Qutieshat
- Assistant Professor of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative DentistryJordan University of Science & TechnologyJordan
| | | | - Richard Graham Chadwick
- Professor of Operative Dentistry and Applied Dental Material Science, Honorary Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of DundeeUK
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239
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Ma X, Liu G, Wu X, Smoak JM, Ye L, Xu H, Zhao L, Ding Y. Influence of land cover on riverine dissolved organic carbon concentrations and export in the Three Rivers Headwater Region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:314-322. [PMID: 29486435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) stores a large amount of soil organic carbon and is the headwater region for several large rivers in Asia. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of environmental factors on river water quality and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export in this region. We examined the water physico-chemical characteristics, DOC concentrations and export rates of 7 rivers under typical land cover types in the Three Rivers Headwater Region during August 2016. The results showed that the highest DOC concentrations were recorded in the rivers within the catchment of alpine wet meadow and meadow. These same rivers had the lowest total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. The rivers within steppe and desert had the lowest DOC concentrations and highest TSS concentrations. The discharge rates and catchment areas were negatively correlated with DOC concentrations. The SUVA254 values were significantly negatively correlated with DOC concentrations. The results suggest that the vegetation degradation, which may represent permafrost degradation, can lead to a decrease in DOC concentration, but increasing DOC export and soil erosion. In addition, some of the exported DOC will rapidly decompose in the river, and therefore affect the regional carbon cycle, as well as the water quality in the source water of many large Asian rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Guimin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Joseph M Smoak
- Environmental Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA
| | - Linlin Ye
- School of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yongjian Ding
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of River Basin Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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240
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Guisado-Pintado E, Jackson DWT. Multi-scale variability of storm Ophelia 2017: The importance of synchronised environmental variables in coastal impact. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:287-301. [PMID: 29477826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency, high magnitude storm events can dramatically alter coastlines, helping to relocate large volumes of sediments and changing the configuration of landforms. Increases in the number of intense cyclones occurring in the Northern Hemisphere since the 1970s is evident with more northward tracking patterns developing. This brings added potential risk to coastal environments and infrastructure in northwest Europe and therefore understanding how these high-energy storms impact sandy coasts in particular is important for future management. This study highlights the evolution of Storm (formally Hurricane) Ophelia in October 2017 as it passed up and along the western seaboard of Ireland. The largest ever recorded Hurricane to form in the eastern Atlantic, we describe, using a range of environmental measurements and wave modelling, its track and intensity over its duration whilst over Ireland. The impact on a stretch of sandy coast in NW Ireland during Storm Ophelia, when the winds were at their peak, is examined using terrestrial laser scanning surveys pre- and post-storm to describe local changes of intertidal and dune edge dynamics. During maximum wind conditions (>35 knots) waves no >2m were recorded with an oblique to parallel orientation and coincident with medium to low tide (around 0.8m). Therefore, we demonstrate that anticipated widespread coastal erosion and damage may not always unfold as predicted. In fact, around 6000m3 of net erosion occurred along the 420m stretch of coastline with maximum differences in beach topographic changes of 0.8m. The majority of the sediment redistribution occurred within the intertidal and lower beach zone with some limited dune trimming in the southern section (10% of the total erosion). Asynchronous high water (tide levels), localised offshore winds as well as coastline orientation relative to the storm winds and waves plays a significant role in reducing coastal erosional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Guisado-Pintado
- Department of Physical Geography and Regional Geographic Analysis, University of Seville, Seville 41004, Spain; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT5241SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Derek W T Jackson
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT5241SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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241
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Steiger-Ronay V, Tektas S, Attin T, Lussi A, Becker K, Wiedemeier DB, Beyeler B, Carvalho TS. Comparison of Profilometric and Microindentation Analyses for Determining the Impact of Saliva on the Abrasion of Initially Eroded Enamel. Caries Res 2018; 53:33-40. [PMID: 29879720 DOI: 10.1159/000489133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the impact of saliva on the abrasion of eroded enamel using two measuring methods. A total of 80 bovine enamel specimens from 20 bovine incisors were allocated to four experimental groups (n = 20 specimens per group). After baseline surface microhardness (SMH) measurements and profilometry all specimens were subjected to erosion (2 min, 1% citric acid, pH: 3.6, 37°C). SMH was determined again, and the depths of the Knoop indentations were calculated. Thereafter, specimens were incubated in human saliva (group 1 - no incubation/control, group 2 - 0.5 h, group 3 - 1 h, group 4 - 2 h) before toothbrush abrasion was performed. After final SMH measurements and profilometry, indentations were remeasured, and surface loss was calculated. SMH did not return to baseline values regardless of the length of saliva incubation. Further, an irreversible substance loss was observed for all specimens. With the indentation method, significantly (p < 0.05) more substance loss was found for controls (least square means ± standard error of 198 ± 19 nm) than for groups 2-4 (110 ± 10, 114 ± 11, and 105 ± 14 nm). Profilometric assessment showed significantly more substance loss for controls (122 ± 8 nm) than for group 4 (106 ± 5 nm). Intraclass correlation for interrater reliability between measurement methods was low (0.21, CI: 0.1-0.3), indicating poor agreement. Exposure of eroded enamel to saliva for up to 2 h could not re-establish the original SMH. The amount of measured substance loss depended on the measurement method applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Steiger-Ronay
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich,
| | | | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Becker
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Beyeler
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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242
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Rodway-Dyer S, Ellis N. Combining remote sensing and on-site monitoring methods to investigate footpath erosion within a popular recreational heathland environment. J Environ Manage 2018; 215:68-78. [PMID: 29558652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Footpaths are a prominent consequence of natural area tourism and reflect damage caused to valuable, sensitive habitats by people pressure. Degradation impacts on vegetation, wildlife, on and off-site soil movement and loss, creation of additional informal off-path footpaths (desire lines), and visual destruction of landscapes. Impacts need to be measured and monitored on a large temporal and spatial scale to aid in land management to maintain access and preserve natural environments. This study combined remote sensing (Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR] and aerial photography) with on-site measurement of footpaths within a sensitive heathland habitat (Land's End, Cornwall, UK). Soil loss, slope angle change, vegetation damage and a hydrology model were combined to comprehensively study the site. Results showed 0.09 m mean soil loss over five years, footpath widening, increasing grass cover into heathland, and water channelling on the footpaths exacerbating erosion. The environments surrounding the footpaths were affected with visitors walking off path, requiring further management and monitoring. Multiple remote sensing techniques were highly successful in comprehensively assessing the area, particularly the hydrology model, demonstrating the potential of providing a valuable objective and quantitative monitoring and management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Rodway-Dyer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK; University Centre South Devon, Long Road, Paignton, TQ4 7EJ, UK.
| | - Nicola Ellis
- Department of Geography, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
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243
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Pachori A, Kambalimath H, Maran S, Niranjan B, Bhambhani G, Malhotra G. Evaluation of Changes in Salivary pH after Intake of Different Eatables and Beverages in Children at Different Time Intervals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:177-182. [PMID: 30131637 PMCID: PMC6102436 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dissolution of the enamel in the form of erosion has increased due to shift in eating habits toward carbonated drinks like soft drink and chocolates. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the salivary pH after intake of different eatables and beverages in children at different time intervals. Study design Using standard salivary tests, this study was conducted as a case-control study. Fifty children between ages of 8 and 12 years having strict vegetarian diet were included in the study. Materials and methods Oral prophylaxis was done and salivary buffer capacity for stimulated saliva was measured. Before the saliva collection, each of the children was informed not to eat or drink anything for up to 2 hours just before the appointment. Results On pairwise evaluation, all the differences were found to be significant statistically except between baseline vs 30 minutes. Maximum mean difference was calculated and observed between baseline and immediately after intake of fruit juice and immediate after 30 minutes, 0.953 and 0.963 respectively, while minimum difference was calculated and observed between baseline and 30 minutes after intake of fruit juice (0.010). Conclusion Maximum drop was seen in cold drink when compared with fruit juice. The maximum pH increase was observed in cream biscuits with 7.63 ± 0.20. It was observed that in all the groups, the pH gradually got back to near normal levels due to the buffering mechanism of saliva.How to cite this article: Pachori A, Kambalimath H, Maran S, Niranjan B, Bhambhani G, Malhotra G. Evaluation of Changes in Salivary pH after Intake of Different Eatables and Beverages in Children at Different Time Intervals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):177-182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Pachori
- Postgraduate Student (Final Year), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Haalaswamy Kambalimath
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Maran
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Niranjan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Bhambhani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Peoples College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Malhotra
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharana Pratap College of Dental Sciences, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
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Meyer F, Amaechi BT, Fabritius HO, Enax J. Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care. Open Dent J 2018; 12:406-423. [PMID: 29988215 PMCID: PMC5997847 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of biomimetic agents is an emerging field in modern oral care. Promising biomimetic substances for such applications are calcium phosphates, because their chemical composition is very similar to that of the mineral phase in human teeth, especially of natural enamel. Examples for their application include the remineralization of early caries lesions and repair of small enamel defects. Objective: This review provides an interdisciplinary view on calcium phosphates and their applications in biomimetic oral care. The aim of this work is to give an overview of in vivo and in situ studies comparing several calcium phosphates in preventive dentistry that can be used as a knowledge base for the development of innovative alternative oral care concepts. Methods: Books, reviews, and original research papers with a focus on in vivo and in situ studies were included. The databases PubMed® and SciFinder® were used for literature search. Calcium phosphates that are frequently utilized in oral care products are covered in this review and were used as search terms alone and together with the following key words: in vivo, in situ, caries, clinical study, and remineralization. From 13,470 studies found, 35 studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were used for this review. Results: Published in vivo and in situ studies demonstrate calcium phosphates’ potential in enamel remineralization. However, more studies are needed to further substantiate existing results and to extend and refine the application of calcium phosphates in modern oral care. Conclusion: Calcium phosphates represent an innovative biomimetic approach for daily oral care because of their high similarity to natural enamel that will broaden the range of future treatments in preventive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Helge-Otto Fabritius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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Yue J, Griffith JF, Xu J, Xiao F, Shi L, Wang D, Wong PCH, Li EK, Li M, Li TK, Mak WY, Zhu TY, Hung VW, Qin L, Tam LS. Effect of treat-to-target strategies on bone erosion progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: An HR-pQCT study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 48:374-83. [PMID: 29858113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of two tight-control treatment strategies aimed at simplified disease activity score [SDAI] remission (SDAI ≤ 3.3) compared to DAS28 remission (DAS28 < 2.6) on progression of bone erosions in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) patients using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). METHODS This was an open-label study in which 80 early RA patients were randomized to receive 1-year of tight-control treatment. Group 1 (n = 37) aimed at SDAI ≤ 3.3 and group 2 (n = 43) aimed at DAS28-CRP < 2.6. The number and size of bone erosions, as well as the bone mineral density (BMD) surrounding bone erosion at the second metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP2), were measured at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS After 12 months, images were analyzed in 63 patients. Changes in clinical parameters, number and size of bone erosions as well as the BMD surrounding bone erosion between the two treatment groups were similar. Therefore, a post-hoc analysis including all 63 patients was performed to elucidate the independent predictors of erosion progression and repair. Multivariate analysis revealed that not achieving sustained SDAI remission at month 6, 9 and 12 (p = 0.034) and rheumatoid factor >16U (p = 0.021) were independent predictors associated with an increase in erosion volume. Logistic regression analysis showed that achieving sustained SDAI remission (p = 0.043) was associated with partial erosion repair. CONCLUSIONS Although more stringent treatment target did not notably affect clinical treatment outcome and erosion progression at 1 year, achieving sustained SDAI remission was found to be associated with partial erosion repair.
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Novara A, Pisciotta A, Minacapilli M, Maltese A, Capodici F, Cerdà A, Gristina L. The impact of soil erosion on soil fertility and vine vigor. A multidisciplinary approach based on field, laboratory and remote sensing approaches. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:474-480. [PMID: 29223076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion processes in vineyards, beyond surface runoff and sediment transport, have a strong effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) loss and redistribution along the slope. Variation in SOC across the landscape can determine differences in soil fertility and vine vigor. The goal of this research was to analyze the interactions among vines vigor, sediment delivery and SOC in a sloping vineyard located in Sicily. Six pedons were studied along the slope by digging 6 pits up to 60cm depth. Soil was sampled every 10cm and SOC, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) were analyzed. Erosion rates, detachment and deposition areas were measured by the pole height method which allowed mapping of the soil redistribution. The vigor of vegetation, expressed as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from high-resolution satellite multispectral data, was compared with measured pruning weight. Results confirmed that soil erosion, sediment redistribution and SOC across the slope was strongly affected by topographic features, slope and curvature. The erosion rate was 16Mgha-1y-1 since the time of planting (6years). SOC redistribution was strongly correlated with the detachment or deposition areas as highlighted by pole height measurements. The off-farm SOC loss over six years amounted to 1.2MgCha-1. SUVA254 values, which indicate hydrophobic material rich in aromatic constituents of WEOC, decreased significantly along the slope, demonstrating that WEOC in the detachment site is more stable in comparison to deposition sites. The plant vigor was strongly correlated with WEOC constituents. Results demonstrated that high resolution passive remote sensing data combined with soil and plant analyses can survey areas with contrasting SOC, soil fertility, soil erosion and plant vigor. This will allow monitoring of soil erosion and degradation risk areas and support decision-makers in developing measures for friendly environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Novara
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Minacapilli
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Maltese
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Capodici
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Valencia, Blasco Ibàñez 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luciano Gristina
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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247
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Vietz GJ, Lintern A, Webb JA, Straccione D. River Bank Erosion and the Influence of Environmental Flow Management. Environ Manage 2018; 61:454-468. [PMID: 28386746 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental flows aim to influence river hydrology to provide appropriate physical conditions for ecological functioning within the restrictions of flow regulation. The hydrologic characteristics of flow events, however, may also lead to unintended morphologic effects in rivers, such as increases in riverbank erosion beyond natural rates. This may negatively impact habitat for biota, riparian infrastructure, and land use. Strategic environmental flow delivery linked to monitoring and adaptive management can help mitigate risks. We monitor riverbank condition (erosion and deposition) relative to environmental flows on the Goulburn River, Victoria, Australia. We describe the process of adaptive management aimed at reducing potential impacts of flow management on bank condition. Field measurements (erosion pins) quantify the hydrogeomorphic response of banks to the delivery of planned and natural flow events. Managed flows provide opportunities for monitoring riverbank response to flows, which in turn informs planning. The results demonstrate that environmental flows have little influence on bank erosion and visual perceptions in the absence of monitoring are an unreliable guide. This monitoring project represents a mutually beneficial, science-practice partnership demonstrating that a traditional 'know then do' approach can be foreshortened by close collaboration between researchers and managers. To do so requires transparent, often informal lines of communication. The benefits for researchers-a more strategic and targeted approach to monitoring activities; and benefits for the practitioners-reduced time between actions and understanding response; mean that a learn by doing approach is likely to have better outcomes for researchers, stakeholders, the public, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff J Vietz
- Streamology Pty Ltd, 20 Iarias Lane, Bright, VIC 3741, Australia.
| | - Anna Lintern
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J Angus Webb
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Straccione
- Commonwealth Environmental Water Office, GPO Box 787 Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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248
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Zhou Y, Wang X. Effect of pulse duration and pulse repetition frequency of cavitation histotripsy on erosion at the surface of soft material. Ultrasonics 2018; 84:296-309. [PMID: 29182946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation histotripsy with the short pulse duration (PD) but high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) disintegrates the tissue at a fluid interface. However, longer PD and lower PRF are used in the other focused ultrasound applications, where the acoustic radiation force, streaming, and cavitation are different, and their effects on erosion are unknown. In this study, the erosion at the surface of phantom/ex vivo tissue and the characteristics of induced bubble cloud captured by high-speed photography, passive cavitation detection, and light transmission during histotripsy exposure at varied PDs and PRFs but the same duty cycle were compared. The peak negative pressure of 6.6 MPa at the PD of 20 ms and PRF of 1 Hz began to erode the phantom, which becomes more significant with the increase of peak negative pressure, PD, and interval time between bursts. The increase of the PRF from 1 Hz to 1000 Hz, while the decrease of the PD from 20 ms to 20 μs (duty cycle of 2%) at the same energy was delivered to the gel phantom immersed in the degassed water led to the decrease of erosion volume but a slight increase of the erosion area and smoother surface. Low PRF and long PD produce the significant tissue deformation, acoustic wave refocusing, confinement of bubbles in a conical region, and more bubble dissolution after the collapse for the high acoustic scattering and light transmission signals. In comparison, high PRF and low PD produce a wide distribution of bubbles with only little wave refocusing at the beginning of cavitation histotripsy and high inertial cavitation. Acoustic emission dose has a good correlation with the erosion volume. The erosion on the porcine kidney at the varied PRFs and PDs with the same energy output showed similar trends as those in the phantom but at a slow rate. In summary, the PRF and PD are important parameters for the cavitation histotripsy-induced erosion at the interface of fluid and soft material, and they should be optimized for the best outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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249
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Qian J, Xu L, Sun X, Wang Y, Xuan W, Zhang Q, Zhao P, Wu Q, Liu R, Che N, Wang F, Tan W, Zhang M. Adiponectin aggravates bone erosion by promoting osteopontin production in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:26. [PMID: 29422077 PMCID: PMC5806355 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that adiponectin (AD), an adipokine that is secreted by adipocytes, correlates well with progressive bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact mechanism of AD in promoting joint destruction remains unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) is required for osteoclast recruitment. We hypothesized that AD exacerbates bone erosion by inducing OPN expression in synovial tissue. This study aimed to evaluate a novel role for AD in RA. Methods The serum levels of AD and OPN were determined in 38 patients with RA, 40 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 20 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AD and OPN production were measured by double immunofluorescence in RA and OA synovial tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of OPN in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and OA synovial fibroblasts after pre-incubation with AD, respectively. Migration of the RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cell line was assessed using the Transwell migration assay and co-culture system. Bone destruction and osteoclastogenesis were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, microcomputed tomography and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in AD-treated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice with or without OPN silencing. The expression levels of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the ankle joint tissues of the mice were examined by double immunofluorescence. Results Our results indicated that the AD and OPN expression levels increased noticeably and were associated with each other in the RA serum. The AD distribution was coincident with that of OPN in the RA synovial tissue. AD stimulation of RASFs increased OPN production in a dose-dependent manner. AD-treated RASFs promoted RAW264.7 cell migration, and the effect was blocked with a specific antibody against OPN. Silencing of OPN using lentiviral-OPN short hairpin RNA reduced the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the extent of bone erosion in the AD-treated CIA mice. When bound to integrin αvβ3, OPN functions as a mediator of AD and osteoclasts. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence of AD involvement in bone erosion. AD induces the expression of OPN, which recruits osteoclasts and initiates bone erosion. These data highlight AD as a novel target for RA treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1526-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lingxiao Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenhua Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nan Che
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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250
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Rothschild BM. Differential diagnostic perspectives provided by en face microscopic examination of articular surface defects. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:831-6. [PMID: 29399706 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface defects have a central position in diagnosis of articular pathology. Recognizing the limitations of standard radiologic techniques and those imposed by positioning and averaging artifacts on CT evaluation, direct visualization of surface defects was pursued to identify disease characteristics that would facilitate interpretation of radiologic findings. Epi-illumination surface microscopy was utilized to examine macroscopically recognized articular surface defects in individuals in the Hamann-Todd, Terry, and Huntington human skeletal collections with previously verified diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, juvenile inflammatory arthritis (JIA), calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), gout, metastatic cancer, multiple myeloma, septic arthritis, tuberculosis, fungal arthritis, histiocytosis and sickle cell anemia (Rothschild and Rothschild Clin Infect Dis 20(5):1402-1408, 1995; Rothschild et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 82(4):441-449, 1990; Rothschild and Rothschild Amer J Phys Anthropol 96(4):357-563, 1995; Rothschild and Woods Clin Exp Rheumatol 10(2):117-122, 1992; Barrett and Keat Radiographics 24(6):1679-1691, 2004; Rothschild and Heathcote Amer J Phys Anthropol 98(4):519-525, 1995; Rothschild and Woods Am J Phys Anthropol 85:25-34, 1991; Hershkovitz et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 106(1):47-60, 1998; Winland et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 24:S243, 1997; Rothschild et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 10(6):557-564, 1992; Rothschild and Martin , 2006; Rothschild et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 102(2):249-264, 1997). Observed alterations were compared with standard radiographs. Fronts of resorption distinguished inflammatory arthritis from those caused by the other disorders studied. Multiple myeloma, fungal disease, and gout are expansile character; the latter accompanied by reactive new bone formation more prominent than that noted with spondyloarthropathy and JIA. Those were clearly distinguished from the crumbling alterations found with CPPD. Histiocytosis had a unique crenulated appearance, while nodules were prominent with syphilis. Defects in sickle cell anemia had ivory fragments at their base. These findings provided explanation for radiologic observations. Direct surface microscopy revealed characteristics apparently pathognomonic for specific disorders and facilitated distinguishing among them. The technique provides visualization an order of magnitude greater than that available with clinical radiologic techniques and identifies new characteristics which should facilitate clinical diagnoses. This demonstrates that there would be value to the development of higher resolution, clinically applicable imaging techniques.
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