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Olsson M, Nilsson A, Oldenborg PA. Target cell CD47 regulates macrophage activation and erythrophagocytosis. Transfus Clin Biol 2006; 13:39-43. [PMID: 16564725 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein CD47 (integrin-associated protein, IAP) was originally identified as a regulator of integrin-dependent leukocyte responses to extracellular matrix proteins. However, it has been shown that CD47 has several important functions in addition to regulating integrin activation. Extensive studies in murine systems have shown that CD47 on erythrocytes and other cells can function as a regulator of target cell phagocytosis, by binding to the inhibitory receptor SIRPalpha on macrophages. In this way, macrophages are less likely to phagocytose an autoimmune sensitized cell with CD47 on its surface than a CD47-deficient cell where this inhibitory mechanism will not be engaged. The CD47-SIRPalpha interaction seems to be important in limiting destruction of host cells in experimental models of autoimmune diseases like autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) or immune thrombocytopenia, where macrophages destroy antibody or complement opsonized cells.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/blood
- Animals
- CD47 Antigen/genetics
- CD47 Antigen/physiology
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Erythrocytes/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Macrophage Activation/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Opsonin Proteins/immunology
- Phagocytosis/physiology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Species Specificity
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Nilsson A, Granfeldt Y, Ostman E, Preston T, Björck I. Effects of GI and content of indigestible carbohydrates of cereal-based evening meals on glucose tolerance at a subsequent standardised breakfast. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:1092-9. [PMID: 16523203 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of four low-glycaemic index (GI) and one high-GI cereal-based evening meals on glucose tolerance at a subsequent standardised breakfast. DESIGN Wheat kernels, barley kernels, spaghetti, spaghetti with added wheat bran and white wheat bread (WWB) were consumed in the evening in a random order at five different occasions. At the subsequent breakfast, blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma short chain fatty acid, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and breath hydrogen were measured. SETTING The study was performed at Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden. SUBJECTS Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited. One subject was later excluded owing to abnormal blood glucose values. RESULTS The blood glucose response (0-120 min) to the standardised breakfast was significantly lower after consuming barley kernels in the evening compared with evening meals with WWB (P=0.019) or spaghetti+wheat bran (P=0.046). There were no significant differences in insulin concentrations at breakfast. Breath hydrogen excretion at breakfast was significantly higher after an evening meal with barley kernels compared with WWB, wheat kernels or spaghetti (P=0.026, 0.026 and 0.015, respectively), and the concentration of plasma propionate at breakfast was significantly higher following an evening meal with barley kernels compared with an evening meal with WWB (P=0.041). In parallel, FFA concentrations were significantly lower after barley kernels compared with WWB (P=0.042) or spaghetti evening meals (P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS The improved glucose tolerance at breakfast, following an evening meal with barley kernels appeared to emanate from suppression of FFA levels, mediated by colonic fermentation of the specific indigestible carbohydrates present in this product, or, to the combination of the low-GI features and colonic fermentation.
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103
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Krjukova E, Dragomir A, Jiang S, Nilsson A, Roomans G, Hjelte L. 38 PUFA-mediated CI− transport regulation in model airway cells. J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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104
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Nikitin A, Ogasawara H, Mann D, Denecke R, Zhang Z, Dai H, Cho K, Nilsson A. Hydrogenation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:225507. [PMID: 16384236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.225507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Towards the development of a useful mechanism for hydrogen storage, we have studied the hydrogenation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with atomic hydrogen using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that atomic hydrogen creates C-H bonds with the carbon atoms in the nanotube walls, and such C-H bonds can be completely broken by heating to 600 degrees C. We demonstrate approximately 65 +/- 15 at % hydrogenation of carbon atoms in the single-walled carbon nanotubes, which is equivalent to 5.1 +/- 1.2 wt % hydrogen capacity. We also show that the hydrogenation is a reversible process.
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105
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Kalkner KM, Acosta S, Thorsson O, Frederiksen H, Nilsson A, Gustavsson B, Elingsbo M, Stridsberg M, Abrahamsson PA. Octreotide scintigraphy and Chromogranin A do not predict clinical response in patients with octreotide acetate-treated hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2005; 9:92-8. [PMID: 16231013 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this pilot study, the predictive value of Octreotide scintigraphy (Octreoscan) and/or Chromogranin-A (CgA) was investigated in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer treated with Octreotide acetate. In total, 20 patients with progressive disease and bone metastases entered the trial. At baseline Octreoscan, CgA, PSA, alkaline phosphates (ALP) and two self-administered questionnaires (EORTC QLQ C-30 (v3) and brief pain index) were performed and a diary of the pharmaceutical was started. The treatment consisted of Octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) acetate 30 mg intramuscular injection every month. The blood samples and questionnaires were repeated every month until 3 months. Clinical responder was defined as a patient with increased global health score more than 10 units and stable or decreased pain score without an increase in analgesic. In all, 17 patients were treated per protocol, and four were assessed as clinical responders. Six patients developed a reduction in ALP (median -26%, range -5 to -78%). All patients increased in PSA. At baseline, three patients had a negative Octreoscan and the patients with positive lesions, demonstrated uptake of low intensity. At baseline the CgA was elevated above the normal range in 15 of the patients, and during treatment five patients decreased their CgA to the normal range. Neither baseline Octreoscan nor CgA could identify the clinical reponders. A minority of patients improves their health-related quality of life. The decrease and normalization of CgA levels in five patients during therapy indicates therapeutic activity but Octreoscan and CgA could not identify clinical responders.
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106
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Wernet P, Testemale D, Hazemann JL, Argoud R, Glatzel P, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Bergmann U. Spectroscopic characterization of microscopic hydrogen-bonding disparities in supercritical water. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:154503. [PMID: 16252958 DOI: 10.1063/1.2064867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The local hydrogen-bonding environment in supercritical water (380 degrees C, 300 bars, density 0.54 gcm3) was studied by x-ray Raman scattering at the oxygen K edge. The spectra are compared to those of the gas phase, liquid surface, bulk liquid, and bulk ice, as well as to calculated spectra. The experimental model systems are used to assign spectral features and to quantify specific local hydrogen-bonding situations in supercritical water. The first coordination shell of the molecules is characterized in more detail with the aid of the calculations. Our analysis suggests that approximately 65% of the molecules in supercritical water are hydrogen bonded in configurations that are distinctly different from those in liquid water and ice. In contrast to liquid water the bonded molecules in supercritical water have four intact hydrogen bonds and in contrast to ice large variations of bond angles and distances are observed. The remaining approximately 35% of the molecules exhibit two free O-H bonds and are thus either not involved in hydrogen bonding at all or have one or two hydrogen bonds on the oxygen side. We determine an average O-O distance of 3.1+/-0.1 A in supercritical water for the H bonded molecules at the conditions studied here. This and the corresponding hydrogen bond lengths are shown to agree with neutron- and x-ray-diffraction data at similar conditions. Our results on the local hydrogen-bonding environment with mainly two disparate hydrogen-bonding configurations are consistent with an extended structural model of supercritical water as a heterogeneous system with small patches of bonded molecules in various tetrahedral configurations and surrounding nonbonded gas-phase-like molecules.
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107
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Larsson HE, Lynch K, Lernmark B, Nilsson A, Hansson G, Almgren P, Lernmark A, Ivarsson SA. Diabetes-associated HLA genotypes affect birthweight in the general population. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1484-91. [PMID: 15991024 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that HLA genotypes conferring risk of diabetes, cord blood autoantibodies, or both are associated with increased birthweight. METHODS HLA genotypes were determined in dried blood spots of cord blood from a total of 16,709 children born to healthy mothers in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study, a population-based observational clinical investigation of newborn children. Children born to mothers with diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were determined in standard radioligand binding assays. Birthweight was adjusted for gestational age and divided into quartiles. The upper quartile was defined as high relative birthweight (HrBW) and the lower quartile as low relative birthweight (LrBW). RESULTS Genotypes conferring risk of type 1 diabetes were strongly associated with relative birthweight (rBW) (p=0.01). The high-risk HLA-DQ2/8, DQ8/0604 and DQ8/X genotypes were associated with HrBW (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]=1.20 [1.08-1.33], p=0.0006). The HLA-DQB1*0603 allele, which is negatively associated with type 1 diabetes, was also associated with HrBW (p=0.025), confirming a previous report on DQB1*0603-linked HLA-DR13. GAD65Ab were negatively associated with HrBW (OR [95% CI]=0.72 [0.56-0.93], p=0.01). Regression analysis showed that the HLA-associated increase in rBW was independent of confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HLA genotypes may be associated with intrauterine growth independent of type 1 diabetes risk. The epidemiological observation that high birthweight is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes could possibly result from a moderating effect on intrauterine growth of HLA genotypes conferring a high risk of diabetes.
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108
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Stefanova E, Wall A, Almkvist O, Nilsson A, Forsberg A, Långström B, Nordberg A. Longitudinal PET evaluation of cerebral glucose metabolism in rivastigmine treated patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 113:205-18. [PMID: 16049637 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study 11 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) were treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine (mean dose 8.6 +/- 1.3'mg) for 12 months and underwent positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) and neuropsychological testing at baseline and after 12 months. An untreated group of 10 AD patients served as control group. While the untreated AD patients showed a significant decline of CMRglc in the temporo-parietal and frontal cortical regions after 12 months follow-up the rivastigmine-treated patients showed no decline in CMRglc in corresponding cortical brain regions. Furthermore, a significant dose-related increase in CMRglc was recorded in the right frontal association region after 12 months rivastigmine treatment. A positive correlation was observed between changes in CMRglc and several cognitive tests in patients receiving higher doses (10.5-12'mg) of rivastigmine. These results suggest a stabilization effect of rivastigmine on CMRglc in mild AD patients receiving long-term rivastigmine treatment.
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109
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Näslund LA, Lüning J, Ufuktepe Y, Ogasawara H, Wernet P, Bergmann U, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:13835-9. [PMID: 16852732 DOI: 10.1021/jp052046q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies, based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), have shown that the hydrogen bond network in liquid water consists mainly of water molecules with only two strong hydrogen bonds. Since this result is controversial, it is important to demonstrate the reliability of the experimental data, which is the purpose of this paper. Here we compare X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water recorded with five very different techniques sensitive to the local environment of the absorbing molecule. Overall, the spectra obtained with photon detection show a very close similarity and even the observable minor differences can be understood. The comparison demonstrates that XAS and XRS can indeed be applied reliably to study the local bonding of the water molecule and thus to reveal the hydrogen bond situation in bulk water.
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110
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Nilsson A, Wernet P, Nordlund D, Bergmann U, Cavalleri M, Odelius M, Ogasawara H, Näslund LA, Hirsch TK, Ojamäe L, Glatzel P, Pettersson LGM. Comment on "Energetics of hydrogen bond network rearrangements in liquid water". Science 2005; 308:793; author reply 793. [PMID: 15879194 DOI: 10.1126/science.1108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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111
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Wilson KR, Cavalleri M, Rude BS, Schaller RD, Catalano T, Nilsson A, Saykally RJ, Pettersson LGM. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquid Methanol Microjets: Bulk Electronic Structure and Hydrogen Bonding Network. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10194-203. [PMID: 16852236 DOI: 10.1021/jp049278u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of liquid (298 K) methanol at the oxygen and carbon K edges. The 4a(1) orbital at the O K edge exhibits a pronounced sensitivity to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with significant differences observed between the vapor and bulk spectra, whereas the C K edge reveals only subtle corresponding spectral changes. Comparison with DFT computed spectra of model methanol clusters indicates that the bulk liquid comprises long chains (n > 6) and rings of hydrogen-bonded monomers.
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112
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Nilsson A, Ogasawara H, Cavalleri M, Nordlund D, Nyberg M, Wernet P, Pettersson LGM. The hydrogen bond in ice probed by soft x-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:154505. [PMID: 15945643 DOI: 10.1063/1.1879752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory to derive a molecular orbital picture of the hydrogen bond in ice. We find that the hydrogen bond involves donation and back-donation of charge between the oxygen lone pair and the O-H antibonding orbitals on neighboring molecules. Together with internal s-p rehybridization this minimizes the repulsive charge overlap of the connecting oxygen and hydrogen atoms, which is essential for a strong attractive electrostatic interaction. Our joint experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that an electrostatic model based on only charge induction from the surrounding medium fails to properly describe the internal charge redistributions upon hydrogen bonding.
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113
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Lukes DJ, Skogsberg U, Nilsson A, Lundgren A, Olausson M, Soussi B. Singlet oxygen energy illumination during moderate cold ischemia prolongs the survival of concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:518-20. [PMID: 15808696 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Singlet oxygen energy (SOE) is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo in certain dose ranges and can improve the levels of high-energy phosphates (HEP) in concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. Some data indicate that a certain degree of cold ischemia (CI) might be beneficial to xenotransplants. We investigated if SOE illumination of hamster xeno-hearts during moderate cold ischemia (CI) improved graft survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen hearts from Golden Syrian hamsters (70 to 80 g) were subjected to 8 hours of CI in cold (+4 degrees C) saline solution (NaCL, 0.9%) before heterotopic cervical transplantation to Lewis rats (220 g). Among the treatment group (n = 8), SOE was produced by illuminating the hearts for 10 minutes every 30 minutes with photons at lambda 634 nm with the Oxylight equipment. Graft function was evaluated every 6 hours after transplantation with digital exam until cessation of heart beats. RESULTS The graft survival of SOE-illuminated ischemic hamster xenografts was 2.34 +/- 0.56 versus 1.15 +/- 0.37 days in the control group (P < .05). All hearts displayed immediate graft function versus 70% in the controls (NS). CONCLUSIONS SOE illumination at lambda 634 nm during moderate cold ischemia (+4 degrees C) can improve the survival of concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. The exact mechanism(s) are currently unknown, but the effect might in part be exerted by a combination of reduced production of ROS and increased oxidative phosphorylation.
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114
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Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM, Hammer B, Bligaard T, Christensen CH, N�rskov JK. The electronic structure effect in heterogeneous catalysis. Catal Letters 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-004-3434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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115
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Andersson K, Nikitin A, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Ogasawara H. Water dissociation on Ru(001): an activated process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:196101. [PMID: 15600853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.196101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is shown using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that water is adsorbed either nondissociatively or partially dissociatively on Ru(001) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We found an activated dissociation process with a barrier slightly larger than that of desorption. A difference in dissociation barriers is found between H2O and D2O that explains the anomalous isotope effects in the thermal desorption. Previous theoretical and experimental disagreements can be rationalized based on electron or x-ray beam-induced dissociation of the water overlayer and an earlier underestimation of the dissociation barrier.
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116
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Gärdenfors F, Nilsson A, Ungerstedt U, Nordström CH. Adverse biochemical and physiological effects of prostacyclin in experimental brain oedema. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48:1316-21. [PMID: 15504195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostacyclin (PGI2) and its stable analogues are known to reduce capillary hydraulic permeability. This study explores the biochemical and physiological effects of i.v. infusion of low-dose PGI2 in an experimental model of vasogenic brain oedema. METHODS Twenty-seven anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets with brain oedema induced by intrathecal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used. Five of the animals received a continuous infusion of PGI2 (1 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) i.v. Four microdialysis catheters were placed in the brain to measure interstitial concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), intracranial pressure (ICP) and temperature were monitored continuously. Low-dose infusion of PGI2 started 1 h before the LPS injection and was constant during the study period. RESULTS Intracranial pressure increased significantly in animals treated with PGI2. The increase in ICP was associated with significant cerebral biochemical changes: decrease in glucose, increase in lactate, increase in lactate/glucose ratio and increase in glycerol. CONCLUSION In LPS-induced brain oedema i.v. infusion of low-dose PGI2 caused a further increase in ICP and a perturbation of energy metabolism, indicating cerebral ischemia and degradation of cellular membranes.
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117
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Hindorf U, Lyrenäs E, Nilsson A, Schmiegelow K. Monitoring of long-term thiopurine therapy among adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:1105-12. [PMID: 15545169 DOI: 10.1080/00365520410007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive effects of thiopurine drugs are mainly mediated through their intracellular metabolism into active 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) metabolites, which are incorporated into DNA. Erythrocyte 6-TGN (E-6TGN) levels have been proposed as an instrument for monitoring treatment. The aim of the study was to use erythrocyte E-6TGN, methylated mercaptopurine (MeMP) metabolites, and thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) measurements in a clinical setting to determine the clinical outcome in relation to thiopurine metabolism. METHODS Fifty-five adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease were included in a prospective study and followed for 6 months. Metabolite levels were measured and correlated to outcome and AZA/6-MP dose. RESULTS The E-6TGN level was significantly related to the TPMT genotype (P = 0.008). Patients in disease remission had higher E-6TGN levels than patients with disease activity both at baseline (P < 0.05) and after 6 months (P = 0.02). Active disease was more frequent among subjects with E-6TGN < or = 125 nmol/mmol Hb at baseline (P = 0.04), but not at 6 months. AZA/6-MP drug dose was positively correlated to E-MeMP levels (r = 0.48; P < 0.001) and E-MeMP/E-6TGN ratio (r = 0.41; P = 0.002). Dose changes were positively correlated with the changes in E-MeMP levels (P = 0.01) and E-MeMP/E-6TGN ratio (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS E-6TGN level was the only factor in this study related to disease activity, while there was no relationship between AZA/6-MP dose and E-6TGN levels. This finding illustrates the clinical usefulness of E-6TGN monitoring in the evaluation of treatment intensity.
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118
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Brena B, Nordlund D, Odelius M, Ogasawara H, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Ultrafast molecular dissociation of water in ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:148302. [PMID: 15524849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using x-ray emission and photoemission spectroscopies to measure the occupied valence levels in a thin crystalline ice film, we resolve the ionization-induced dissociation of water in ice on a femtosecond time scale. Isotope substitution confirms proton transfer during the core-hole lifetime in spite of the nonresonant excitation. Through ab initio molecular dynamics on the core-ionized state, the dissociation and spectrum evolution are followed at femtosecond intervals. The theoretical simulations confirm the experimental analysis and allow for a detailed study of the dissociative reaction path.
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119
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Nishiura Y, Brandt J, Nilsson A, Kanje M, Dahlin LB. Addition of cultured Schwann cells to tendon autografts and freeze-thawed muscle grafts improves peripheral nerve regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:157-64. [PMID: 15009941 DOI: 10.1089/107632704322791808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of addition of Schwann cells on peripheral nerve regeneration through a novel graft material-the tendon autograft-and a conventional freeze-thawed muscle graft, were studied in the rat sciatic nerve. Adult Schwann cell cultures were established from predegenerated nerves. The Schwann cells were added to the autologous grafts by coculture (tendon autograft) or injection (freeze-thawed muscle graft). Both graft types supported adherence of the added Schwann cells. Addition of cultured Schwann cells to the two different graft models improved regeneration by increasing the rate of axonal outgrowth as compared with similar grafts without added cells.
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120
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Föhlisch A, Wurth W, Stichler M, Keller C, Nilsson A. X-ray emission spectroscopy of (23×23)R30°CO/Ru(0001): Comparison to c(2×2)CO/Ni(100) and c(2×2)CO/Cu(100). J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4848-52. [PMID: 15332920 DOI: 10.1063/1.1778380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The atom specific electronic structure of (2 square root of 3 x 2 square root of 3)R30 degrees CO on hcp Ru(0001) has been determined with resonantly excited x-ray emission spectroscopy. We find that the general features of the local adsorbate electronic structure are similar to the situation of CO adsorbed on the fcc metals Ni(100) and Cu(100). The interpretation of the surface chemical bond of (2 square root of 3 x 2 square root of 3)R30 degrees CO/Ru(0001) based on the direct application of the local, allylic model from on-top adsorption on the fcc(100) surfaces Ni(100) and Cu(100) explains many aspects of the surface chemical bond. However, also nonlocal contributions like adsorbate-adsorbate interaction and the deviation from upright on-top adsorption on the Ru(0001) surface influence observables like the heat of adsorption and the Me-CO bond strength.
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121
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Nordlund D, Ogasawara H, Wernet P, Nyberg M, Odelius M, Pettersson L, Nilsson A. Surface structure of thin ice films. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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122
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Acosta S, Kälkner KM, Thorsson O, Fredriksson M, Nilsson A, Gustavsson B, Elingsbo M, Stridsberg M, Abrahamsson PA. Neuroendocrine markers as predictor of octreotide acetate therapy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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123
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Pettersen MK, Mielnik MB, Eie T, Skrede G, Nilsson A. Lipid Oxidation in Frozen, Mechanically Deboned Turkey Meat as Affected by Packaging Parameters and Storage Conditions. Poult Sci 2004; 83:1240-8. [PMID: 15285519 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.7.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM) was stored in different packaging materials (film produced with natural antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) or synthetic antioxidant) at -20 degrees C for 12 mo in a vacuum, modified atmosphere, or air. One-half of the samples were thawed at 4 degrees C for 24 h after 1 mo of storage and then refrozen. Oxidative rancidity was evaluated during storage by measuring the development of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hexanal, a volatile oxidation product. Vacuum- and modified atmosphere-packaged samples had lower TBARS values and hexanal content than air-packaged samples with corresponding treatments. Hexanal content and TBARS values increased with storage time, and the highest levels were obtained after 6 mo of storage. The largest increase was obtained with presence of oxygen. Mechanically deboned turkey meat stored in packages where a natural antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) was used in production of one of the PE layers, had, in almost every instance, the lowest TBARS values and hexanal content when stored in vacuum or modified atmosphere. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Neither TBARS values nor hexanal content showed dependency of the temperature profile (frozen or frozen/thawed/refrozen) during storage.
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Shaat N, Ekelund M, Lernmark A, Ivarsson S, Nilsson A, Perfekt R, Berntorp K, Groop L. Genotypic and phenotypic differences between Arabian and Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2004; 47:878-84. [PMID: 15095040 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Gestational diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Our aim was to study whether autoimmunity, variations in genes affecting insulin secretion and action, or both, contribute to the development of gestational diabetes and whether the pathogenesis of the disease differs between women with a Scandinavian or Arabian background. METHODS We studied a total of 500 unrelated women with gestational diabetes (400 Scandinavian and 100 Arabian) and 550 unrelated pregnant non-diabetic control women (428 Scandinavian and 122 Arabian) matched for ethnicity. RESULTS Arabian women with gestational diabetes were 50% more insulin resistant for the same BMI compared with Scandinavian women with the disease (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA-IR]; 3.2+/-0.3 vs 2.2+/-0.2, p=0.02). Both Scandinavian (4.2% vs 0.9%, p=0.008) and Arabian (4.6% vs 0.0%, p=0.03) women with gestational diabetes had a higher frequency of GAD antibodies (GAD65Ab) than the matched controls. The frequency of HLA-DQB1 risk genotypes was slightly higher in Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes than in the Scandinavian controls (46.3% vs 38.8%, p=0.03) but no significant difference was found between the Arabian women with gestational diabetes and the Arabian controls (47% vs 51.6%, p=0.47). There were no significant differences in the frequency of the insulin gene variable number of tandem repeat ( INS VNTR) alleles and genotypes or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 ( PPAR gamma 2-Pro12Ala) polymorphism between the women with gestational diabetes and the control women either in Arabian or in Scandinavian women. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of GAD65Ab in both study groups. Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes may share some genetic features with Type 1 diabetes. In addition, Arabian women with gestational diabetes are more insulin resistant than Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes and with the same BMI.
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Nilsson A, Kihlström E, Lagesson V, Wessén B, Szponar B, Larsson L, Tagesson C. Microorganisms and volatile organic compounds in airborne dust from damp residences. INDOOR AIR 2004; 14:74-82. [PMID: 15009412 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne dust samples from damp (n = 9) and control (n = 9) residences were analyzed for microorganisms (molds and bacteria), bacterial markers (3-hydroxy fatty acids and muramic acid), and adsorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The number of mold species was greater in the damp residences than in the controls (23 vs.18) and nine mold species were found only in damp residences. The levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and muramic acid correlated better in damp residences than in controls, indicating that damp conditions affect the bacterial flora of airborne dust. Identifications made by culture and microscopy of the major molds found, i.e. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillum, coincided with the identification of VOCs known to be produced by these species. A number of additional VOCs irritating to the skin, eyes, or respiratory tract were also found. The results from this pilot study illustrate the diversity of microorganisms and VOCs present in the indoor environment and suggest that analysis of airborne dust may help to assess human exposure to microorganisms and chemical compounds.
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