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Maser RS, Mirzoeva OK, Wells J, Olivares H, Williams BR, Zinkel RA, Farnham PJ, Petrini JH. Mre11 complex and DNA replication: linkage to E2F and sites of DNA synthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:6006-16. [PMID: 11486038 PMCID: PMC87318 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.17.6006-6016.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the Mre11 complex associates with E2F family members via the Nbs1 N terminus. This association and Nbs1 phosphorylation are correlated with S-phase checkpoint proficiency, whereas neither is sufficient individually for checkpoint activation. The Nbs1 E2F interaction occurred near the Epstein-Barr virus origin of replication as well as near a chromosomal replication origin in the c-myc promoter region and was restricted to S-phase cells. The Mre11 complex colocalized with PCNA at replication forks throughout S phase, both prior to and coincident with the appearance of nascent DNA. These data suggest that the Mre11 complex suppresses genomic instability through its influence on both the regulation and progression of DNA replication.
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Hartford O, O'Brien L, Schofield K, Wells J, Foster TJ. The Fbe (SdrG) protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis HB promotes bacterial adherence to fibrinogen. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2001; 147:2545-2552. [PMID: 11535794 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-147-9-2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis strains HB and K28 express surface proteins called Fbe or SdrG, respectively, that have sequence similarity to the clumping factors ClfA and ClfB of Staphylococcus aureus. A mutation in the fbe gene of strain HB was isolated by directed plasmid integration using the broad-host-range temperature-sensitive plasmid pG(+)Host9 (pVE6155). An internal fragment of fbe was cloned into pG(+)Host9 and the chimaeric plasmid was mobilized from S. aureus RN4220 to S. epidermidis 9142 by conjugation promoted by plasmid pGO1. The plasmid was then transferred to S. epidermidis strain HB by phage-48-mediated transduction. The plasmid integrated into the chromosomal fbe gene at a frequency of 2.8 x 10(-4). All the survivors tested had a copy of pG(+)Host9'fbe' integrated into the chromosomal fbe gene either as a single copy or as a tandem array. Western immunoblotting showed that the wall-associated Fbe protein was absent in the mutant. Wild-type S. epidermidis HB adhered to immobilized fibrinogen in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion whereas the mutant did not bind. The Fbe proteins of HB and K28 were expressed at a high level in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 using the expression vector pKS80. These strains adhered strongly to immobilized fibrinogen. These results confirm that Fbe is a fibrinogen-binding adhesin.
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Wells J. Kidney transplants in cats. Vet Rec 2001; 149:62. [PMID: 11488347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Albert T, Wells J, Funk JO, Pullner A, Raschke EE, Stelzer G, Meisterernst M, Farnham PJ, Eick D. The chromatin structure of the dual c-myc promoter P1/P2 is regulated by separate elements. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:20482-90. [PMID: 11279041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100265200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-myc is transcribed from a dual promoter P1/P2, with transcription initiation sites 160 base pairs apart. Here we have studied the transcriptional activation of both promoters on chromatin templates. c-myc chromatin was reconstituted on stably transfected, episomal, Epstein-Barr virus-derived vectors in a B cell line. Episomal P1 and P2 promoters showed only basal activity but were strongly inducible by histone deacetylase inhibitors. The effect of promoter mutations on c-myc activity, chromatin structure, and E2F binding was studied. The ME1a1 binding site between P1 and P2 was required for the maintenance of an open chromatin configuration of the dual c-myc promoters. Mutation of this site strongly reduced the sensitivity of the core promoter region of P1/P2 to micrococcal nuclease and prevented binding of polymerase II (pol II) at the P2 promoter. In contrast, mutation of the P2 TATA box also abolished binding of pol II at the P2 promoter but did not affect the chromatin structure of the P1/P2 core promoter region. The E2F binding site adjacent to ME1a1 is required for repression of the P2 promoter but not the P1 promoter, likely by recruitment of histone deacetylase activity. Chromatin precipitation experiments with E2F-specific antibodies revealed binding of E2F-1, E2F-2, and E2F-4 to the E2F site of the c-myc promoter in vivo if the E2F site was intact. Taken together, the analyses support a model with a functional hierarchy for regulatory elements in the c-myc promoter region; binding of proteins to the ME1a1 site provides a nucleosome-free region of chromatin near the P2 start site, binding of E2F results in transcriptional repression without affecting polymerase recruitment, and the TATA box is required for polymerase recruitment.
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Owsley C, Stalvey BT, Wells J, Sloane ME, McGwin G. Visual risk factors for crash involvement in older drivers with cataract. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 2001; 119:881-7. [PMID: 11405840 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.6.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Impact of Cataracts on Mobility project has previously demonstrated that older drivers with cataract have an elevated risk of motor vehicle collision. OBJECTIVE To examine what types of visual impairment serve as a basis of the increased crash risk of older drivers with cataract. METHODS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 274 older drivers with cataract and 103 older drivers free of cataract recruited through 12 eye care clinics for the purposes of the Impact of Cataracts on Mobility project, a prospective study on driving mobility in older adults with cataract. Tests measured visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and disability glare for each eye separately using habitual distance correction. The dependent variable was involvement in at least 1 state-recorded, at-fault vehicle crash during the 5 years prior to study enrollment. RESULTS Logistic regression evaluated associations (odds ratios [ORs]) between visual function and crash involvement. Better and worse eye models defined on the basis of visual acuity were developed. Associations between each type of visual function and crash involvement were adjusted for age, sex, driving exposure, cognitive status, and other types of visual function. For both the better and worse eye models, contrast sensitivity was independently associated with crash involvement, whereas visual acuity and disability glare were not. Drivers with a history of crash involvement were 8 times more likely to have a serious contrast sensitivity deficit in the worse eye (defined as a Pelli-Robson score of 1.25 or less) than those who were crash-free (OR = 7.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-39.79); this association was weaker for the better eye but still statistically significant (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.15-12.48). Crash-involved drivers were 6 times more likely to have severe contrast sensitivity impairment in both eyes (OR = 5.78; 95% CI, 1.87-17.86) than crash-free drivers. A severe contrast sensitivity deficit in only 1 eye was still significantly associated with crash involvement (OR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.16-6.51). CONCLUSION Severe contrast sensitivity impairment due to cataract elevates at-fault crash risk among older drivers, even when present in only 1 eye.
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Owsley C, McGwin G, Sloane ME, Stalvey BT, Wells J. Timed instrumental activities of daily living tasks: relationship to visual function in older adults. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78:350-9. [PMID: 11384013 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-200105000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) tasks whose completion time is related to visual function in older adults. METHODS Visual function (acuity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view) and the time to complete 17 visual tasks of everyday life were measured in a sample of 342 older adults (mean age 71 years, range 56 to 86) recruited from eye clinics. The timed IADL (TIADL) tasks included a variety of visual activities such as reading ingredients on cans of food and instructions on medicine bottles, finding a phone number in a directory, locating items on a crowded shelf and in a drawer, and using a screwdriver. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis indicated that poorer scores for acuity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view were independently associated with longer times to complete visual TIADL tasks, even after adjusting for age, educational level, depression, and general health. Cognitive status also had a significant, independent association with timed task performance. CONCLUSIONS Older adults' timed performance in everyday tasks is related to various aspects of visual function independent of the influences of other functional and health problems and advanced age. This suggests that TIADL tasks may eventually be useful as performance outcomes in intervention evaluations targeted at reversing vision impairment or minimizing its impact. To understand the relationship between vision impairment and TIADL task performance in older adults, cognitive impairment needs to be taken into account because it has a relatively strong and independent relationship with visual TIADL task performance.
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Tseng A, Foisy M, Bajcar J, Musing E, Wells J, Grondin M, Salit I. HIV pharmacy specialty residency program in Canada. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001; 58:591-4. [PMID: 11296608 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/58.7.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mbawuike IN, Wells J, Byrd R, Cron SG, Glezen WP, Piedra PA. HLA-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:687-96. [PMID: 11181144 DOI: 10.1086/318815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2000] [Revised: 11/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production were evaluated in a blinded manner among respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected newborns and their mothers for 3 epidemic seasons. Most mothers (80%) exhibited RSV-specific CD8+ CTL activity. Twenty (80%) of the 26 infants exhibited significant RSV-specific CTL activity during or after their first RSV season. CTL frequency increased with RSV infection rate, reaching 75% by the end of the third season. Most infants who shed virus (75%) had a medically attended lower respiratory tract disease (LRD). In the first year, RSV-infected infants (virus culture and antibody increase) were more likely to develop CTL activity (10 of 13) than were uninfected infants (1 of 5; P=.02). Infants with CTL activity in the first year were less likely to have an LRD in the second year. CD8+ CTL levels correlated positively with IFN-gamma (P<.001) and inversely with IL-4 (P=.03). Contribution of CD8+ CTL and IFN-gamma in the control of RSV disease in infants and children is implicated.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Male
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
- Seasons
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Texas/epidemiology
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Wells J. Sex difference in hospital attendance rates. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:1393-4. [PMID: 11106059 DOI: 10.1080/080352500300002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Wells J, Wells N. Stop fake beer. Pediatrics 2000; 106:1166-7. [PMID: 11185069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Wells J. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the kidney. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE 2000; 13:455-8. [PMID: 11117344 DOI: 10.3122/15572625-13-6-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rogahn J, Ryan S, Wells J, Fraser B, Squire C, Wild N, Hughes A, Amegavie L. Randomised trial of iodine intake and thyroid status in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000; 83:F86-90. [PMID: 10952698 PMCID: PMC1721136 DOI: 10.1136/fn.83.2.f86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of circulating thyroid hormones have been associated with poorer general and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm babies and it has been speculated that the association is causal. Low levels of circulating thyroid hormone have been reported after inadequate intake of iodine in preterm infants being fed milk formula. AIM To investigate whether increased iodine intake from supplemented preterm formula would improve thyroid hormone levels in preterm babies (this study) and hence improve neurodevelopmental status (planned subsequent study). METHOD A total of 121 preterm infants were entered into a randomised controlled trial of standard (68 microg/l) versus increased (272 microg/l) iodine in preterm formula. RESULTS The two groups were comparable at recruitment. No evidence of an effect of the intervention on thyroid hormone levels was seen up to 41 weeks after conception. CONCLUSION Calls for increased iodine content of preterm infant formulas are not justified by this study.
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Wells J, Boyd KE, Fry CJ, Bartley SM, Farnham PJ. Target gene specificity of E2F and pocket protein family members in living cells. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:5797-807. [PMID: 10913163 PMCID: PMC86057 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.16.5797-5807.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 05/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F-mediated transcription is thought to involve binding of an E2F-pocket protein complex to promoters in the G(0) phase of the cell cycle and release of the pocket protein in late G(1), followed by release of E2F in S phase. We have tested this model by monitoring protein-DNA interactions in living cells using a formaldehyde cross-linking and immunoprecipitation assay. We find that E2F target genes are bound by distinct E2F-pocket protein complexes which change as cells progress through the cell cycle. We also find that certain E2F target gene promoters are bound by pocket proteins when such promoters are transcriptionally active. Our data indicate that the current model applies only to certain E2F target genes and suggest that Rb family members may regulate transcription in both G(0) and S phases. Finally, we find that a given promoter can be bound by one of several different E2F-pocket protein complexes at a given time in the cell cycle, suggesting that cell cycle-regulated transcription is a stochastic, not a predetermined, process.
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Abstract
Long-term performance of a bone mass measuring device is an important criterion when considering the purchase of such equipment and has been regarded as an important feature of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The performance of a 6-year-old bone densitometer, the Lunar DPX alpha, which has undertaken 1500 scans annually over this period, was assessed. The short-term coefficient of variation calculated from 15 measurements with repositioning on a single day, using the Lunar aluminium phantom, was 0.242%. Long-term precision, also calculated by the coefficient of variation, was 0.548%. The manufacturer's quality control (QC) procedure was performed daily and allowed the machine to be used except on 15 occasions when bone density measurements could be acquired after rebooting. However, a 2.2% shift in phantom values occurred in July 1996 owing to a photomultiplier tube failure, but this did not produce a failure in the Lunar QC. The optical disc drive was replaced in July 1997. The machine failed to back up on six occasions over the last 2 years owing to software corruption and the acquired femur data were not saved on seven occasions owing to overloading of the memory buffer. In conclusion, expected hardware failure and minor software problems have occurred. We were concerned that the manufacturer's QC failed to detect a 2% shift in the phantom bone mineral density values and recommend regular measurements of the Lunar aluminum phantom in addition to the daily QC measurement of the tissue-equivalent block. We were nevertheless impressed by the long-term stability and reproducibility of the Lunar DPX alpha.
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Dorsey G, Borneo HT, Sun SJ, Wells J, Steele L, Howland K, Perdreau-Remington F, Bangsberg DR. A heterogeneous outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:465-9. [PMID: 10926397 DOI: 10.1086/501789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate an outbreak of invasive disease due to Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of restriction fragments was used to characterize the outbreak isolate genotypes. A retrospective cohort study of surgical ICU patients was conducted to identify risk factors associated with invasive disease. Unit staffing data were analyzed to compare staffing levels during the outbreak to those prior to and following the outbreak. SETTING An urban hospital in San Francisco, California. PATIENTS During the outbreak period, December 1997 through January 1998, there were 52 patients with a minimum ICU stay of > or = 72 hours. Of these, 10 patients fit our case definition of recovery of E. cloacae or S. marcescens from a sterile site. RESULTS PFGE analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous population of isolates. Bivariate analysis of patient-related risk factors revealed duration of central lines, respiratory colonization, being a burn patient, and the use of gentamicin or nafcillin to be significantly associated with invasive disease. Both respiratory colonization and duration of central lines remained statistically significant in a multivariate analysis. Staffing data suggested a temporal correlation between understaffing and the outbreak period. CONCLUSIONS Molecular epidemiological techniques provided a rapid means of ruling out a point source or significant cross-contamination as modes of transmission. In this setting, patient-related risk factors, such as respiratory colonization and duration of central lines, may provide a focus for heightened surveillance, infection control measures, and empirical therapy during outbreaks caused by common nosocomial pathogens. In addition, understaffing of nurses may have played a role in this outbreak, highlighting the importance of monitoring staffing levels.
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Boutilier R, West T, Webber D, Pogson G, Mesa K, Wells J, Wells M. The metabolic ups and downs of Nautilus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)80029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boutilier RG, West TG, Webber DM, Pogson GH, Mesa KA, Wells J, Wells MJ. The protective effects of hypoxia-induced hypometabolism in the Nautilus. J Comp Physiol B 2000; 170:261-8. [PMID: 10935516 DOI: 10.1007/s003600000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of Nautilus pompilius were trapped at depths of 225-300 m off the sunken barrier reef southeast of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Animals transported to the Motupore Island laboratory were acclimated to normal habitat temperatures of 18 degrees C and then cannulated for arterial and venous blood sampling. When animals were forced to undergo a period of progressive hypoxia eventually to encounter ambient partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) levels of approximately 10 mmHg (and corresponding arterial PO2's of approximately 5 mmHg), they responded by lowering their aerobic metabolic rates to 5-10% of those seen in resting normoxic animals. Coincident with this profound metabolic suppression was an overall decrease in activity, with brief periods of jet propulsion punctuating long periods of rest. Below ambient PO2 levels of 30-40 mmHg, ventilatory movements became highly periodic and at the lowest PO2 levels encountered, ventilation occasionally ceased altogether. Cardiac output estimated by the Fick equation decreased during progressive hypoxia by as much as 75 80%, and in the deepest hypometabolic states heart rates slowed to one to two cycles of very low amplitude per minute. By the end of 500 min exposure to ambient PO2 levels of 10 mmHg or less, the anaerobic end products octopine and succinate had increased significantly in adductor muscle and heart, respectively. Increased concentrations of octopine in adductor muscle apparently contributed to a small intracellular acidosis and to the development of a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis in the extracellular compartment. On the other hand, increases in succinate in heart muscle occurred in the absence of any change in cardiac pHi. Taken together, we estimate that these anaerobic end products would make up less than 2% of the energy deficit arising from the decrease in aerobic metabolism. Thus, metabolic suppression is combined with a massive downregulation of systemic O2 delivery to match metabolic supply to demand.
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Duncan TE, Duncan SC, Beauchamp N, Wells J, Ary DV. Development and evaluation of an interactive CD-ROM refusal skills program to prevent youth substance use: "refuse to use". J Behav Med 2000; 23:59-72. [PMID: 10749011 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005420304147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An interactive CD-ROM program designed to reduce adolescent substance use was developed and evaluated. The program uses video vignettes to teach refusal skills and socially acceptable responses to substance use situations, specifically offers of marijuana. In a randomized pretest-to-posttest experiment with 74 public school students from six classes in three high schools, significant changes were observed at posttest on (1) the adolescent's personal efficacy to refuse the offer of marijuana, (2) the adolescent's intention to refuse marijuana if offered, and (3) the adolescent's perceptions of the social norms associated with substance use and the importance of respecting another's decision to refuse a drug offer. In addition, adolescents in the treatment condition were able to recall approximately 50% of the portrayed refusal strategies. Findings are discussed with regard to the potential benefits of an interactive multimedia approach for conducting substance use interventions.
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Wells J. Why writers make lousy lovers. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2000; 4:149-157. [PMID: 24802695 DOI: 10.1300/j155v04n04_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Jess Wells takes a light-hearted look at the pit-falls of being in love with a writer, describing the difficulties with time and reality. Wells then encourages lesbian authors to develop diversity among their art forms,Income and inspiration sources. She wraps up with a call for lesbian writers to cultivate discipline and gratitude.
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McKeon-O'Malley C, Wells J, Fine R, Ullman MD, Volicer L. PC12 cells transfected with a C-terminal fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP C-100), exhibit enhanced sensitivity to the calcium ionophore A23187, and diminished sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 72:103-7. [PMID: 10521604 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular neuritic plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The core protein of plaques is Abeta, a 39-43 amino acid peptide derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP C-100 is a C-terminal fragment of APP, 100 amino acids long, whose sequence includes Abeta. To determine whether APP C-100 expression alters cellular vulnerability to calcium and H(2)O(2), rat PC12 cells were modified to overexpress APP C-100. Cellular survival (as measured in the MTT assay) was determined as a function of concentration for the calcium ionophore, A23187, and for H(2)O(2) in APP C-100 transfectants and vector-transfected controls. APP C-100 expression significantly increased cellular vulnerability to A23187, and decreased vulnerability to H(2)O(2).
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Bruce RG, el-Galley RE, Wells J, Galloway NT. Antegrade continence enema for the treatment of fecal incontinence in adults: use of gastric tube for catheterizable access to the descending colon. J Urol 1999; 161:1813-6. [PMID: 10332442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the use of a gastric segment in performing the antegrade continence enema procedure in patients with refractory fecal incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antegrade continence enema procedure was performed in 4 women and 3 men with refractory neurogenic fecal incontinence. Preoperative evaluation included defecography and anorectal manometry. Operative technique involves tunneling a 10 cm. segment of tubularized stomach isolated along the greater curve with preservation of the right gastroepiploic vessels through the anterior tenia of the colon just distal to the splenic flexure. After the stoma is mature the patient passes a catheter and runs 1 to 2 l. warm tap water through it while seated on the toilet. Digital stimulation may be required to initiate bowel emptying and irrigation is continued until clear. RESULTS Creation of a nonrefluxing catheterizable gastric tube to the descending colon was successful in all 7 patients. At a mean postoperative followup of 22.4 months all patients are continent and use antegrade continence enema irrigation every other day on average. One patient required early revision because of stomal stenosis. Special measures include application of a generic antacid tablet to the stoma and use of a skin barrier. CONCLUSIONS Catheterizable access to the descending colon for the antegrade continence enema procedure more closely approximates normal defecation patterns by emptying ("unloading") the left side of the colon. The stomach is a suitable option in close proximity for this purpose and is especially advantageous when the appendix is not available. The antegrade continence enema procedure using a gastric segment can be safely and effectively performed, and is well suited for use by reconstructive surgeons who are familiar with the Mitrofanoff principle.
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Owsley C, Stalvey B, Wells J, Sloane ME. Older drivers and cataract: driving habits and crash risk. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54:M203-11. [PMID: 10219012 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/54.4.m203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment in older adults, affecting almost half of those over age 75 years. Driving is a highly visual task and, as with other age groups, older adults rely on the personal automobile for travel. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cataract in driving. METHODS Older adults (aged 55-85 years) with cataract (n = 279) and those without cataract (n = 105) who were legally licensed to drive were recruited from eye clinics to participate in a driving habits interview to assess driving status, exposure, difficulty, and "space" (the distance of driving excursions from home base). Crash data over the prior 5 years were procured from state records. Visual functional tests documented the severity of vision impairment. RESULTS Compared to those without cataract, older drivers with cataract were approximately two times more likely to report reductions in days driven and number of destinations per week, driving slower than the general traffic flow, and preferring someone else to drive. Those with cataract were five times more likely to have received advice about limiting their driving. Those with cataract were four times more likely to report difficulty with challenging driving situations, and those reporting driving difficulty were two times more likely to reduce their driving exposure. Drivers with cataract were 2.5 times more likely to have a history of at-fault crash involvement in the prior 5 years (adjusted for miles driven/week and days driven/week). These associations remained even after adjustments for the confounding effects of advanced age, impaired general health, mental status deficit, or depression. CONCLUSIONS Older drivers with cataract experience a restriction in their driving mobility and a decrease in their safety on the road. These findings serve as a baseline for our ongoing study evaluating whether improvements in vision following cataract surgery expand driving mobility and improve driver safety.
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Lestina DC, Greene M, Voas RB, Wells J. Sampling procedures and survey methodologies for the 1996 survey with comparisons to earlier national roadside surveys. EVALUATION REVIEW 1999; 23:28-46. [PMID: 10346071 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x9902300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the multistage sampling system employed in the 1996 national roadside survey and compares it to the sampling methods employed in the two prior surveys in 1973 and 1986. Also described are the data collection procedures at the selected sites, the breath-test devices used to collect blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data, and the methods used to impute BAC values where breath-test measures were not obtained. Overall, almost twice as many (6,298 in 1996 compared to 3,698 in 1973 and 3,043 in 1986) drivers were interviewed in the most recent national survey as in the previous efforts. The procedures implemented in the three surveys are sufficiently similar to permit comparison of these surveys conducted at 10-year intervals.
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