126
|
Godon A, Moreau A, Talmant P, Baranger-Papot L, Geneviève F, Milpied N, Zandecki M, Avet-Loiseau H. Is t(14;18)(q32;q21) a constant finding in follicular lymphoma? An interphase FISH study on 63 patients. Leukemia 2003; 17:255-9. [PMID: 12529690 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2002] [Accepted: 07/02/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The translocation (14;18)(q32;q21) is the hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL). However, conventional cytogenetics and PCR techniques fail to detect it in at least 10% of cases. In order to evaluate the true incidence of this translocation in FL, we analyzed 63 patients with FL, and 17 patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) corresponding to suspected FL transformations using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Colocalized signals related to the translocation were observed in 19-92% of cells (median = 51%), corresponding to positivity over the threshold in all (63/63) cases. Similarly, 16/17 possibly secondary DLCL displayed the translocation. Although some cytogenetic changes might be missed by this FISH assay (such as rare insertion, or translocations with other chromosomal partners), our results stress t(14;18)(q32;q21) as an almost constant finding in FL. Our sensitive interphase FISH assay should be of great value to define FL more accurately, namely in patients included into therapeutic trials. Furthermore, this approach could be of interest in (re)defining some types of FL, especially the grade 3 FL which frequently lack t(14;18).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- France
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Ploidies
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
|
127
|
Moreau A, Lévesque D, Lord M, Dubois M, Monchalin JP, Padioleau C, Bussière JF. On-line measurement of texture, thickness and plastic strain ratio using laser-ultrasound resonance spectroscopy. ULTRASONICS 2002; 40:1047-1056. [PMID: 12441181 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser-ultrasound resonance spectroscopy, a non-contact ultrasonic technique, was used to determine reliably and rapidly the crystallographic texture, the average plastic strain ratio, and the thickness of sheet metal on the production line. As with laser-ultrasonics, a short laser pulse is used to generate a wide-band pulse of ultrasound and a laser interferometer is used for its detection. In this paper, a large number of echoes are collected and analyzed together using Fourier techniques to measure the natural resonance frequencies in the thickness of the sheet. One longitudinal and two shear resonance frequencies were measured together with their harmonics. From these frequencies, two crystallographic orientation distribution coefficients, W(400) and W(420), are obtained, as well as a highly accurate measurement of the sheet thickness that is corrected for changes in ultrasonic velocity caused by texture variations. Using these coefficients, the average and in-plane twofold and fourfold variations of the plastic strain ratio, respectively r delta(2)r, and delta(4)r, can be evaluated. These parameters are indications of the formability of metals sheets, which is of industrial interest. Measurements on 1 mm thick, low carbon steel sheets have shown the following measurement accuracies: r to within +/-0.08, delta(2)r, and delta(4)r to within +/-0.1, and thickness to better than +/-1 microm. On-line tests at LTV Steel Company showed that the sensitivity of the apparatus is sufficient to detect systematic variations in texture along the length of similar production coils and that the on-line repeatability for r was of order +/-0.02.
Collapse
|
128
|
Pasquier-Barre F, Dupuy C, Huguet E, Monteiro F, Moreau A, Poirié M, Drezen JM. Polydnavirus replication: the EP1 segment of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata is amplified within a larger precursor molecule. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2035-2045. [PMID: 12124468 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydnaviruses are unique viruses: they are essential for successful parasitism by tens of thousands of species of parasitoid wasps. These viruses are obligatorily associated with the wasps and are injected into the host during oviposition. Molecular analyses have shown that each virus sequence in the segmented polydnavirus genome is present in the wasp DNA in two forms: a circular form found in the virus particles and an integrated form found in the wasp chromosomes. Recent studies performed on polydnaviruses from braconid wasps suggested that the circular forms were excised from the chromosome. The different forms of the EP1 circle of Cotesia congregata polydnavirus during the pupal-adult development of the parasitoid wasp were analysed. Unexpectedly, an off-size fragment formerly used to diagnose the integration of the EP1 sequence into wasp genomic DNA was found to be amplified in female wasps undergoing virus replication. The EP1 sequence is amplified within a larger molecule comprising at least two virus segments. The amplified molecule is different from the EP1 chromosomally integrated form and is not encapsidated into virus particles. These findings shed light on a new step towards EP1 circle production: the amplification of virus sequences preceding individual circle excision.
Collapse
|
129
|
Lacroix-Desmazes S, Moreau A, Horn MP, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Factor VIII inhibitor with catalytic activity towards factor VIII. CHEMICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 77:102-14. [PMID: 11706701 DOI: 10.1159/000058800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
130
|
Agard C, Moreau A, Prendki V, Gaillard F, Hamidou M, Meriot M, Grolleau J. Syndrome de Kikuchi : deux observations. Rev Med Interne 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)80288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
131
|
Nejjari M, Couvelard A, Mosnier JF, Moreau A, Feldmann G, Degott C, Marcellin P, Scoazec JY. Integrin up-regulation in chronic liver disease: relationship with inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Pathol 2001; 195:473-81. [PMID: 11745680 DOI: 10.1002/path.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In 94 patients with chronic hepatitis C, the pattern of integrin expression was correlated with firstly, the histological activity index, necro-inflammatory grade, and stage of fibrosis; secondly, the expression of inflammatory markers including ICAM-1; and thirdly, the extent and intensity of laminin deposition in the perisinusoidal matrix. Immunohistochemical results were evaluated according to a semi-quantitative scoring system or by image analysis. Increased beta1 expression was observed in 88.2% of cases. The expression of alpha1 and alpha5 was increased in 55% and 58.5% of cases, respectively. alpha6 chain was detected in 78.7% of cases. There were no statistically significant differences in integrin expression level according to Knodell's score, inflammatory grade, or stage of fibrosis. ICAM-1 expression was higher in patients with high scores for beta1 expression, but the differences were not statistically significant. There were significantly more patients with high scores for beta1 expression among those with continuous perisinusoidal deposition of laminin. Moreover, a close statistical correlation was observed between alpha6 induction and perisinusoidal laminin deposition (p<0.001). The results suggest that integrin up-regulation in chronic hepatitis C is more closely related to the fibrotic process than to the inflammatory lesions. This reinforces the idea that integrin induction in chronic liver disease is part of a coordinated process involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
132
|
Berriot-Varoqueaux N, Dannoura AH, Moreau A, Verthier N, Sassolas A, Cadiot G, Lachaux A, Munck A, Schmitz J, Aggerbeck LP, Samson-Bouma ME. Apolipoprotein B48 glycosylation in abetalipoproteinemia and Anderson's disease. Gastroenterology 2001; 121:1101-8. [PMID: 11677202 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.29331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Abetalipoproteinemia and Anderson's disease are hereditary lipid malabsorption syndromes. In abetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein assembly is defective because of mutations in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Here, we evaluated the intracellular transport of apolipoprotein B48 to localize the defect in Anderson's disease. METHODS Asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing of apolipoprotein B48 in normal and affected individuals was determined by the endoglycosidase H and F sensitivities of the protein after metabolic labeling of intestinal explants in organ culture. Cell ultrastructure was evaluated with electron microscopy. RESULTS In Anderson's disease as in normal individuals, there was a time-dependent transformation of high mannose endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharides, of endoplasmic reticulum origin, to complex endoglycosidase H-resistant oligosaccharides, added in the Golgi network. In contrast, despite the translocation of apolipoprotein B48 into the endoplasmic reticulum in patients with abetalipoproteinemia and in biopsies treated with Brefeldin A, which blocks anterograde transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi network, there was no transformation of endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharides. CONCLUSIONS In abetalipoproteinemia and Anderson's disease, apolipoprotein B48 is completely translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum, but only in Anderson's disease is the protein transported to the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that Anderson's disease is caused by a post-Golgi cargo-specific secretion defect.
Collapse
|
133
|
Déporte-Féty R, Picot M, Amiand M, Moreau A, Campion L, Lanoë D, Renée N, Milano G. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection for quantification of dihydrofluorouracil in human lymphocytes: application to measurement of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 762:203-9. [PMID: 11678380 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) undergoes extensive biotransformation to 5-dihydrofluorouracil (5FUH2) by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine deshydrogenase (DPD). A new HPLC method with direct UV detection for the determination of 5FUH2 in peripheral lymphocytes has been developed to detect DPD deficiency in patients treated with 5FU-based therapy. The method has been shown to be valid over the 5FUH2 concentration range of 1.14-37.88 nmol/ml. Optimal enzymatic conditions for DPD activity measurement were studied: incubation time, protein and 5FU concentrations. The assay was successfully cross-validated with the existing method using HPLC with radiochemical detection.
Collapse
|
134
|
Gouin F, Bertrand-Vasseur A, Collet T, Moreau A, Leaute F, Rolland F, Cussac A, Passuti N. [Subfascial lipomatous tumors: management in a series of 37 consecutive cases]. REVUE DE CHIRURGIE ORTHOPEDIQUE ET REPARATRICE DE L'APPAREIL MOTEUR 2001; 87:585-95. [PMID: 11685150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The prognosis of subfascial lipomatous soft tissue tumors depends greatly on their histological type ranging from benign lipomas that cause little local or general problems to the severe prognosis of liposarcomas that exhibit both local and distant extension. However, the clinical presentation of the two types of tumors may be similar and thus quite misleading, sometimes leading to inappropriate management and severe consequences. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the preoperative work-up in patients treated for musculoskeletal tumors within our recruitment zone is adequate, allowing appropriate therapeutic decisions. In addition, we wanted to know what explorations are most pertinent for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant subfascial lipomatous soft tissue tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients with subfascial tumors were included in this study. There were 16 with benign lipomas and 21 with liposarcomas. All the patients with benign lipomas but only 9 (43%) of those with liposarcoma had received initial care within our recruitment zone before final diagnosis. Two cases had been referred after biopsy and 1 after resection by morcellation; the 9 others were secondary referrals after tumor recurrence. Only 5 of these 12 referred patients had had an MRI exploration prior to surgery, 2 with an erroneous interpretation. An MRI series was obtained for all the patients with benign lipoma and for the 9 with liposarcomas who attended our units directly. A biopsy was also obtained in case of suspected liposarcoma. Two radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis reviewed the available MRI to assess their diagnostic value for subfascial lipomatous soft tissue tumors. RESULTS No case of recurrence, after marginal resection (10 cases) was noted for lipomas. Six are under observation with regular MRI (with no change in size or signal). Four patients with liposarcoma died from their disease (19%) and 2 who had undergone "curative" resection had a recurrence (12%). Incorrect or imprecise (incomplete, incorrectly interpreted or no MRI) preoperative diagnosis led to additional morbidity with 3.4 surgical procedures (mean per patient) compared with 1 in patients who had had undergone a complete work-up and whose diagnosis was established after multidisciplinary discussions. Among the diagnostic elements available before pathology, only MRI findings had diagnostic value for subfascial lipomatous soft tissue tumors: for benign lipoma positive predictive value=92% and negative predictive value=93%. DISCUSSION The clinical course of the benign lipomas and the sarcomas in this series confirm the radically different prognosis of these two tumors, both in terms of local extension and survival. Inadequate management in the initial diagnostic stages-i.e. lack of MRI with contrast injection, biopsy and multidisciplinary interpretation prior to treatment-raises the risk of higher morbidity, particularly a significantly greater number of reoperations, and progression to a higher grade of malignancy for two tumors. Our retrospective analysis enabled us to develop a decision making tree for patients with subfascial lipomatous tumors. Prospective validation will be necessary.
Collapse
|
135
|
Haouzi D, Lekehal M, Tinel M, Vadrot N, Caussanel L, Lettéron P, Moreau A, Feldmann G, Fau D, Pessayre D. Prolonged, but not acute, glutathione depletion promotes Fas-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in mice. Hepatology 2001; 33:1181-8. [PMID: 11343247 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione depletion either decreased or increased death-receptor-mediated apoptosis in previous studies. Comparison of the durations of glutathione depletion before death-receptor stimulation in these studies might suggest a different effect of prolonged versus acute thiol depletion. We compared the effects of the prolonged glutathione depletion caused by a sulfur amino acid-deficient (SAA(-)) diet and the acute depletion caused by a single dose of phorone on hepatic apoptosis triggered by the administration of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody. The chronic SAA(-) diet did not affect hepatic Fas or Bcl-XL, but increased p53 and Bax, and exacerbated Fas-mediated mitochondrial membrane depolarization, electron-microscopy-proven outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, cytochrome c translocation to the cytosol, and caspase 3 activation. These effects were prevented by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition. The SAA(-) diet increased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, the percentage of apoptotic hepatocytes, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and mortality after Fas stimulation. Despite a similar decrease in hepatic glutathione, administration of a single dose of phorone 1 hour before the anti-Fas antibody did not change p53 or Bax, and did not enhance Fas-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and toxicity. However, 4 repeated doses of phorone (causing more prolonged glutathione depletion) increased Bax and Fas-mediated toxicity. In conclusion, a chronic SAA(-) diet, but not acute phorone administration, increases p53 and Bax, and enhances Fas-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis. Thiol depletion could cause oxidative stress that requires several hours to increase p53; the latter induces Bax, which translocates to mitochondria after Fas stimulation.
Collapse
|
136
|
Lebel M, Gauthier Y, Moreau A, Drouin J. Pitx3 activates mouse tyrosine hydroxylase promoter via a high-affinity binding site. J Neurochem 2001; 77:558-67. [PMID: 11299318 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine and (nor)adrenaline biosynthesis. Regulation of its gene expression is complex and different regulatory mechanisms appear to be operative in various neuronal lineages. Pitx3, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, has been cloned from neuronal tissues and, in the CNS, mouse Pitx3 is exclusively expressed in midbrain dopaminergic (MesDA) neurons from embryonic day 11 (E11). TH appears in these neurons at E11.5, consistent with a putative role of Pitx3 in TH transcription. We show that Pitx3 activates the TH promoter through direct interaction with a single high-affinity binding site within the promoter and that this site is sufficient for Pitx3 responsiveness. In contrast, we did not observe an effect of Nurr1, an orphan nuclear receptor essential for normal development of MesDA neurons, on TH promoter activity. Pitx3 activation of TH promoter activity appears to be cell-dependent suggesting that Pitx3 action may be modulated by other(s) regulatory mechanism(s) and factor(s).
Collapse
|
137
|
Lacroix-Desmazes S, Moreau A, Pashov A, Stahl D, Saint-Remy JM, Kaveri SV, Kazatchkine MD. Natural antibodies to factor VIII. Semin Thromb Hemost 2001; 26:157-65. [PMID: 10919408 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-factor VIII antibodies represent a unique model to study the relationship between natural autoreactivity (natural antibodies to factor VIII of healthy individuals), disease-associated autoimmunity ("spontaneous" factor VIII inhibitors of patients with anti-factor VIII autoimmune disease) and antigen-driven immune responses (immune inhibitors in multitransfused patients with hemophilia A) to a single human protein antigen. Although natural and disease-associated anti-factor VIII antibodies are not readily distinguished based on the comparison of their isotypic distribution and epitope mapping, available studies of cross-reacting idiotypes suggest that factor VIII inhibitors in patient's plasma encompass two populations of anti-factor VIII antibodies. Some antibodies result from the clonal expansion of B lymphocytes that exist before treatment with factor VIII and secrete anti-factor VIII antibodies with properties similar to those of natural anti-factor VIII antibodies present in healthy individuals; other inhibitors are produced by B cell clones that have undergone affinity maturation and hypermutation of the V regions of the antibodies they produce. The implications for the treatment of patients with anti-factor VIII inhibitors are discussed.
Collapse
|
138
|
Boulday G, Bremand L, Karam G, Leteissier E, Moreau A, Petzold T, Lorré K, De Waele P, Nagasaka T, Soulillou J, Blancho G. Effect of blockade of the costimulation pathway by anti-B7 antibodies in renal allotransplantation in baboons. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:241-2. [PMID: 11266799 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
139
|
Berson A, Fau D, Fornacciari R, Degove-Goddard P, Sutton A, Descatoire V, Haouzi D, Lettéron P, Moreau A, Feldmann G, Pessayre D. Mechanisms for experimental buprenorphine hepatotoxicity: major role of mitochondrial dysfunction versus metabolic activation. J Hepatol 2001; 34:261-9. [PMID: 11281555 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although sublingual buprenorphine is safely used as a substitution drug in heroin addicts, large overdoses or intravenous misuse may cause hepatitis. Buprenorphine is N-dealkylated to norbuprenorphine by CYP3A. METHODS We investigated the mitochondrial effects and metabolic activation of buprenorphine in isolated rat liver mitochondria and microsomes, and its toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes and treated mice. RESULTS Whereas norbuprenorphine had few mitochondrial effects, buprenorphine (25-200 microM) concentrated in mitochondria, collapsed the membrane potential, inhibited beta-oxidation, and both uncoupled and inhibited respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine (200 microM) underwent CYP3A-mediated covalent binding to rat liver microsomal proteins and both caused moderate glutathione depletion and increased cell calcium in isolated rat hepatocytes, but only buprenorphine also depleted cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and caused necrotic cell death. Four hours after buprenorphine administration to mice (100 nmol/g body weight), hepatic glutathione was unchanged, while ATP was decreased and serum transaminase increased. This transaminase increase was attenuated by a CYP3A inducer and aggravated by a CYP3A inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine undergo metabolic activation, but only buprenorphine impairs mitochondrial respiration and ATP formation. The hepatotoxicity of high concentrations or doses of buprenorphine is mainly related to its mitochondrial effects.
Collapse
|
140
|
Van Loock F, Ducoffre G, Dumont JM, Libotte-Chasseur ML, Imberechts H, Gouffaux M, Houins-Roulet J, Lamsens G, De Schrijver K, Bin N, Moreau A, De Zutter L, Daube G. Analysis of foodborne disease in Belgium in 1997. Acta Clin Belg 2000; 55:300-6. [PMID: 11484420 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2000.11754316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne disease represents a major problem for public health in industrialized countries, albeit with a low lethality. Foodborne diseases are defined as a group of viral, bacterial or parasitic gastrointestinal infections transmitted by means of food. Proper food-hygiene practices and surveillance of individual diseases and in particular outbreaks are the first steps in targeting their prevention. The incidence of this illness is difficult to estimate. In the Netherlands a yearly incidence of gastrointestinal infections of 500 per 1,000 inhabitants is estimated, of which most are foodborne. To set up priorities in the actions to undertake, to establish the most frequent risks, to develop preventive efforts and to answer to international requirements, accurate data on foodborne disease from Belgium are required. In order to co-ordinate the initiatives in the Belgian context, a working group was set up in 1995. In 1997 a total of 2,013 persons with foodborne disease were identified as part of 140 outbreaks, 22 of which occurred with 10 cases or more. Salmonella Enteritidis (88 outbreaks) was identified as the main pathogen in foodborne disease, followed by S. Typhimurium (11), S. Hadar (4). Eggs and meat products were identified as the main food-items involved, although it remains difficult to obtain proper intervention studies allowing to identify the specific cause(s). In 1997, a total of 12,732 human Salmonella isolates and 5,617 Campylobacter isolates were identified by the respective national reference laboratories. Salmonella isolates from Belgium accounted in 1997 for more than a fifth of all Salmonella isolates in the EU. The final objective of the working group is the implementation of a surveillance system for all risk factors concerned with the development of food-related illness, including an early warning system and an efficient analysis of microbiological criteria relating to human health, food and food production, including livestock. An essential element of this surveillance is communication of the results, risks and measures for prevention between all the departments, institutions and public health authorities concerned.
Collapse
|
141
|
Kazatchkine MD, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Moreau A, Kaveri SV. Idiotypic regulation of anti-factor VIII antibodies. Haematologica 2000; 85:97-9. [PMID: 11187885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the relationship between natural autoreactivity, autoimmunity in disease and antigen-driven immune responses to factor VIII and on idiotype-mediated immune regulation of anti-factor VIII antibodies in health and disease.
Collapse
|
142
|
Cantarovich D, Giral-Classe M, Hourmant M, Dantal J, Blancho G, Lerat L, Moreau A, Soulillou JP. Prevention of acute rejection with antithymocyte globulin, avoiding corticosteroids, and delaying cyclosporin after renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1673-6. [PMID: 11007839 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.10.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their well-known side-effects, corticosteroids (Cs) are currently used after kidney transplantation. Avoidance of Cs may improve patient quality of life and eventual long-term survival. We report on a regimen using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for induction, and cyclosporin (CsA) plus MMF for maintenance treatment of recipients of primary kidney transplantation. METHODS We studied 11 consecutive, non-sensitized renal transplant patients (nine cadaver and two living donors). Initial immunosuppression consisted of ATG (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.v.) given for 10 days and MMF (1.0 g/b.i.d.). CsA (8 mg/kg, in two divided doses) was started on post-operative day 11. Cs were only allowed in the case of MMF discontinuation, for the treatment of acute rejection, and in the event of recurrence of the primary glomerulonephritis. RESULTS All patients completed the entire 10-day ATG course. Main side-effects included fever (>38 degrees C) and serum sickness, observed in 73 and 27% of the patients respectively. The incidence of acute rejection was 27% (three of 11 patients). In two patients with acute rejection, serum sickness was concomitantly diagnosed and renal histology was partially compatible with immune-complex disease. The remaining patient had two episodes of low-grade rejection. All rejection episodes were rapidly reversed. Two patients (18%) were treated with ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Two patients (18%) are currently receiving Cs for recurrence of the native glomerulonephritis and two rejection episodes respectively. All patients are currently alive with functioning kidneys (average follow-up of 8.4 months; average creatinine level of 128 micromol/l). CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that ATG induction in combination with MMF and delayed introduction of CsA, in the absence of Cs, is not well tolerated in recipients of kidney transplants. An earlier introduction of calcineurin inhibitors and/or a shorter course of ATG may reduce the incidence of fever and serum sickness secondary to ATG.
Collapse
|
143
|
Lacroix-Desmazes S, Moreau A, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Factor VIII inhibitor with catalytic activity towards factor VIII. Haematologica 2000; 85:89-92. [PMID: 11187883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A is an X chromosome-linked recessive disorder resulting in defective or deficient factor VIII (FVIII) molecules, which, in its severe form, is a life-threatening, crippling hemorrhagic disease. Infusion of purified FVIII to patients with severe hemophilia A results in approximately 25% of the cases in the emergence of anti-FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) that are known to neutralize the procoagulant activity of FVIII by steric hindrance. We recently reported on the proteolysis of FVIII by alloantibodies in the plasma of two high responder patients with severe hemophilia A, demonstrating a new mechanism by which FVIII inhibitors may prevent the pro-coagulant function of FVIII. Hemophilia is the first model in which a direct link between the hydrolysis of the target molecule and the occurrence of clinical manifestations has been established. It also represents the first example in humans, of the induction of catalytic antibodies following the exogenous administration of an antigen. The characterization of FVIII inhibitors as site-specific proteases may provide new approaches to the treatment of inhibitors.
Collapse
|
144
|
Haouzi D, Lekéhal M, Moreau A, Moulis C, Feldmann G, Robin MA, Lettéron P, Fau D, Pessayre D. Cytochrome P450-generated reactive metabolites cause mitochondrial permeability transition, caspase activation, and apoptosis in rat hepatocytes. Hepatology 2000; 32:303-11. [PMID: 10915737 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2000.9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Although cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-generated reactive metabolites can cause hepatocyte apoptosis, the mechanism of this effect is incompletely understood. In the present study, we assessed the hepatotoxicity of skullcap, a diterpenoid-containing herbal remedy. Male rat hepatocytes were incubated for 2 hours with skullcap diterpenoids (100 microg/mL). This treatment decreased cell glutathione and protein thiols and increased cell [Ca(2+)]. This activated Ca(2+)-dependent tissue transglutaminase, forming a cross-linked protein scaffold, and also opened the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, causing outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, increased cytosolic cytochrome c, activation of procaspase 3, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and ultrastructural features of apoptosis. Cell death was increased by a CYP3A inducer (dexamethasone) or a sulfur amino acid-deficient diet increasing glutathione depletion. In contrast, cell death was prevented by decreasing CYP3A activity (with troleandomycin), preventing glutathione depletion (with cysteine or cystine), blocking Ca(2+)-modulated events (with calmidazolium), preventing mitochondrial permeability transition (with cyclosporin A), or inhibiting caspase 3 (with acetyl-Asp-G u-Va-Asp-a dehyde). Both calmidazolium and cyclosporin A also prevented the increase in cytosolic cytochrome c and procaspase 3 activation. In conclusion, CYP3A activates skullcap diterpenoids into reactive metabolites that deplete cellular thiols and increase cell [Ca(2+)]. This activates Ca(2+)-dependent transglutaminase and also opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, causing outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Preventing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and/or caspase activity blocks apoptosis, showing the fundamental role of these final events in metabolite-mediated hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
|
145
|
Brouard S, Sebille F, Vanhove B, Gagne K, Neumann AU, Douillard P, Moreau A, Cuturi MC, Soulillou JP. T cell repertoire alterations in allograft and xenograft rejection processes. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:924-5. [PMID: 10936274 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
146
|
Mahé MA, Bourdin S, Le Pourhiet-Le Mevel A, Moreau P, Campion L, Hamidou M, Milpied N, Moreau A, Gaillard F, Harousseau JL, Cuillière JC. Salvage extended-field irradiation in follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after failure of chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 47:735-8. [PMID: 10837958 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of total abdominopelvic (TAI) and total body irradiation (TBI) in heavily pretreated follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1983 to 1998, 34 patients received TAI (n = 22) or TBI (n = 12). All had Stage III or IV, Class B, C, D NHL in the working formulation and failed after receiving 1-5 regimens of chemotherapy. TAI was given at 20 Gy over a 3-week period. TBI was delivered in two successive half-body irradiations of 15 Gy over a 2-week period with a 4-week interval between each. RESULTS Mean follow-up from TAI or TBI was 120 months (range, 6-180). Seventy-six percent of patients achieved complete response and 24% partial response. Median survival was 62 months, 5-year and 10-year overall survival was 59% and 41%, and disease-free survival was 56% and 30%, respectively. Grade III or IV toxicity was gastrointestinal in 38% of patients and hematologic in 30%. No toxic death or delayed complications were observed. CONCLUSION Extended-field irradiation is feasible and efficient after failure of chemotherapy in follicular NHL.
Collapse
|
147
|
Moreau A, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Stieltjes N, Saenko E, Kaveri SV, D'Oiron R, Sultan Y, Scandella D, Kazatchkine MD. Antibodies to the FVIII light chain that neutralize FVIII procoagulant activity are present in plasma of nonresponder patients with severe hemophilia A and in normal polyclonal human IgG. Blood 2000; 95:3435-41. [PMID: 10828026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the properties of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) immunoglobulin (Ig) G recovered by affinity chromatography on FVIII-Sepharose from the IgG fraction of the plasma of healthy individuals and nonresponder patients with hemophilia A. Affinity-purified anti-FVIII antibodies were found to neutralize FVIII activity and to bind to FVIII with an affinity similar to that of anti-FVIII IgG that had been affinity-purified from the plasma of inhibitor-positive hemophilia patients and of patients with anti-FVIII autoimmune disease. The antibodies also exhibited patterns of reactivity with thrombin-digested FVIII similar to those of FVIII inhibitors and preferentially recognized epitopes located in the light chain of FVIII. These observations suggest that FVIII inhibitors occurring in hemophilia A and in patients with anti-FVIII autoimmune disease originate from the expansion of preexisting natural anti-FVIII clones that exhibit FVIII-neutralizing properties.
Collapse
|
148
|
Garand R, Sahota SS, Avet-Loiseau H, Talmant P, Robillard N, Moreau A, Gaillard F, Stevenson FK, Bataille R. IgG-secreting lymphoplasmacytoid leukaemia: a B-cell disorder with extensively mutated VH genes undergoing Ig isotype-switching frequently associated with trisomy 12. Br J Haematol 2000; 109:71-80. [PMID: 10848784 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated 16 patients with elevated serum monoclonal IgG and a leukaemic B-cell lymphocytic disorder different from multiple myeloma. Their clinical history was that of a non-aggressive disease with dominant splenomegaly and long survival. Whereas abnormal blood and bone marrow cells were predominantly small lymphocytes with a few lymphoplasmacytoid cells, histopathological features included a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in eight cases. Most frequently, abnormal blood cells displayed a CD19+CD5-CD23+/- immunophenotype different from that of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, except in two cases with a CD19+CD5+CD23+ phenotype. Interestingly, a coexistent serum monoclonal IgM and/or surface IgMG+ with identical light chain was identified in 10 patients, whereas in the remaining six patients only IgG expression was determined. VH gene analysis was performed in eight patients to investigate the clonal origins of tumour cells. All cases utilized the VH3 family, with evidence of extensive somatic mutations and intraclonal homogeneity in all cases. VH gene analysis indicated a clonal relationship between cells expressing IgM and IgG, with one case being biclonal. Cytogenetic evaluation showed a high incidence of trisomy 12 (60%) and 13q14 deletion (40%). In conclusion, we have described an unusual subset of low-grade lymphoma with high-serum IgG and frequent lymphoplasmacytoid features in which tumour cells derive from post-follicular memory B cells undergoing isotype switching with some cases arrested at both the IgM and IgG stage and others as IgG-positive cells only.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Trisomy
Collapse
|
149
|
Feldmann G, Haouzi D, Moreau A, Durand-Schneider AM, Bringuier A, Berson A, Mansouri A, Fau D, Pessayre D. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore causes matrix expansion and outer membrane rupture in Fas-mediated hepatic apoptosis in mice. Hepatology 2000; 31:674-83. [PMID: 10706558 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510310318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although Fas stimulation has been reported to cause outer mitochondrial membrane rupture in Jurkat cells, the mechanism of this effect is debated, and it is not known if outer membrane rupture also occurs in hepatocyte mitochondria. We studied the in vivo effects of Fas stimulation on ultrastructural lesions and mitochondrial function in mice. Four hours after administration of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody (8 microg/animal), caspase activity increased 5.4-fold. Nuclear DNA showed internucleosomal fragmentation, whereas supercoiled mitochondrial DNA was replaced by circular and linear forms. Mitochondrial cytochrome c was partly released into the cytosol. Ultrastructurally, mitochondrial lesions were observed in both apoptotic hepatocytes (with nuclear chromatin condensation/fragmentation) and nonapoptotic hepatocytes (without nuclear changes). In nonapoptotic cells, outer mitochondrial membrane rupture allowed herniation of the inner membrane and matrix through the outer membrane gap. In apoptotic hepatocytes, the matrix became electron-lucent and no longer protruded through the outer membrane gap. Mitochondria clustered around the nucleus, whereas rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae became peripheral. In liver mitochondria isolated after Fas stimulation, the membrane potential decreased, whereas basal respiration increased. Pretreatment with either z-VAD-fmk (an inhibitor of caspases) or cyclosporin A (a permeability transition inhibitor) totally or mostly prevented mitochondrial outer membrane rupture, membrane potential decrease, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. In conclusion, in vivo Fas stimulation causes caspase activation, mitochondrial permeability transition (decreasing the membrane potential and increasing basal respiration), mitochondrial matrix expansion (as shown by matrix herniation), outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, and cytochrome c release.
Collapse
|
150
|
Gagne K, Brouard S, Giral M, Sebille F, Moreau A, Guillet M, Bignon JD, Imbert BM, Cuturi MC, Soulillou JP. Highly altered V beta repertoire of T cells infiltrating long-term rejected kidney allografts. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:1553-63. [PMID: 10640774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rejection represents a major cause of long-term kidney graft loss. T cells that are predominant in long-term rejected kidney allografts (35 +/- 10% of area infiltrate) may thus be instrumental in this phenomenon, which is likely to be dependent on the indirect pathway of allorecognition only. We have analyzed the variations in T cell repertoire usage of the V beta chain at the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) level in 18 human kidney grafts lost due to chronic rejection. We observed a strongly biased intragraft TCR V beta usage for the majority of V beta families and also a very high percentage (55%) of V beta families exhibiting common and oligoclonal V beta-C beta rearrangements in the grafts of patients with chronic rejection associated with superimposed histologically acute lesions. Furthermore, V beta 8 and V beta 23 families exhibited common and oligoclonal V beta-J beta rearrangements in 4 of 18 patients (22%). Several CDR3 amino acid sequences were found for the common and oligoclonal V beta 8-J beta 1.4 rearrangement. Quantitative PCR showed that biased V beta transcripts were also overexpressed in chronically rejected kidneys with superimposed acute lesions. In contrast, T lymphocytes infiltrating rejected allografts with chronic rejection only showed an unaltered Gaussian-type CDR3 length distribution. This pattern suggests that late graft failure associated with histological lesions restricted to Banff-defined chronic rejection does not involve T cell-mediated injury. Thus, our observation suggests that a limited number of determinants stimulates the recipient immune system in long-term allograft failure. The possibility of a local response against viral or parenchymatous cell-derived determinants is discussed.
Collapse
|