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Miladi A, Saafi MA, Latiri I. Effects of Ramadan on cognitive functions in young boys. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2301830. [PMID: 38194430 PMCID: PMC10786423 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting during Ramadan involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset, potentially influencing cognitive functions essential for the intellectual development of the youth. Therefore, understanding the effects of fasting on these functions in children/adolescents provides valuable perspectives to enhance education and promote mental well-being. However, studies on children/adolescents in this context are still limited. To evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on cognitive functions, including information processing speed, inhibition, decision-making, and auditory attention processes among children and adolescents aged 11 to 15 years. This study was conducted with 24 healthy children/adolescents (aged 12.84 ± 0.69 years). The experimental protocol consisted of two sessions: Before-Ramadan (BR) and at the beginning of the second week of Ramadan (R2). At each session, the boys were randomly tested on simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT), negative priming reaction time (NPRT), and auditory discrimination (P300). The tests were administered and scored by the same person in the different sessions. The study found that Ramadan fasting did not have an effect on various reaction times or on electro-physiological data, including P300 amplitude and latency. The current study, conducted with healthy children/adolescents, indicates that Ramadan fasting had no impact on various reaction times (SRT, CRT, NPRT), suggesting the preservation of information processing speed and decision-making, even in the face of increased task complexity. This is evident, on the one hand, through the maintenance of the ability to react to unexpected events, and, on the other hand, through the mastery of resistance to automatism, thus reflecting the preservation of inhibitory function (NPRT). Regarding P300 data, the absence of changes in latencies and amplitudes suggests that Ramadan fasting did not alter either the evaluation time of auditory stimuli or auditory attention processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Miladi
- Research Laboratory: “Heart Failure” (LR12SP09), Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Saafi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sahloul University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Medical Imaging Technologies” (LR 12ES06), Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imed Latiri
- Research Laboratory: “Heart Failure” (LR12SP09), Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Shrivastava T, Singh V, Agrawal A. Autism spectrum disorder detection with kNN imputer and machine learning classifiers via questionnaire mode of screening. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38464462 PMCID: PMC10917726 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-024-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. ASD cannot be fully cured, but early-stage diagnosis followed by therapies and rehabilitation helps an autistic person to live a quality life. Clinical diagnosis of ASD symptoms via questionnaire and screening tests such as Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 (AQ-10) and Quantitative Check-list for Autism in Toddlers (Q-chat) are expensive, inaccessible, and time-consuming processes. Machine learning (ML) techniques are beneficial to predict ASD easily at the initial stage of diagnosis. The main aim of this work is to classify ASD and typical developed (TD) class data using ML classifiers. In our work, we have used different ASD data sets of all age groups (toddlers, adults, children, and adolescents) to classify ASD and TD cases. We implemented One-Hot encoding to translate categorical data into numerical data during preprocessing. We then used kNN Imputer with MinMaxScaler feature transformation to handle missing values and data normalization. ASD and TD class data is classified using Support vector machine, k-nearest-neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network classifiers. RF gives the best performance in terms of the accuracy of 100% with different training and testing data split for all four types of data sets and has no over-fitting issue. We have also examined our results with already published work, including recent methods like Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN). Even using complex architectures like DNN and CNN, our proposed methods provide the best results with low-complexity models. In contrast, existing methods have shown accuracy upto 98% with log-loss upto 15%. Our proposed methodology demonstrates the improved generalization for real-time ASD detection during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Shrivastava
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015 India
| | - Vrijendra Singh
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015 India
| | - Anupam Agrawal
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015 India
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Zhang P, Tan Z, Li C, Han Z, Zhou J, Yin Y. The correlation between serum total bile acid and adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and non-ICP hypercholanemia of pregnancy. Ann Med 2024; 56:2331059. [PMID: 38515230 PMCID: PMC10962286 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2331059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between excessive serum total bile acid (TBA) and adverse perinatal outcomes in individuals with non-intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (non-ICP) hypercholanemia has not been determined, and it is unclear if this link is similar to that observed in patients with ICP. OBJECTIVE To examine the adverse perinatal outcomes in two specific subcategories: those with ICP and those with non-ICP, including individuals with liver disease and asymptomatic hypercholanemia of pregnancy (AHP), at different levels of TBA. Investigate the correlation between TBA levels and adverse perinatal outcomes of ICP, liver disease, and AHP. METHODS From 2013 to 2021, pregnant women with excessive TBA levels were taken from the electronic medical record database of our hospital and categorized into three groups: ICP (n = 160), liver disease (n = 164), and AHP (n = 650). This was done as part of a retrospective cohort research project. Multivariable regression and subgroup analyses were performed to examine the association between TBA levels and adverse perinatal outcomes in each group. RESULTS The study found no significant differences in adverse perinatal outcomes between the ICP and liver disease groups at different TBA levels. However, at moderate TBA levels, both groups had a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than the AHP group (p < 0.017). Among liver disease cases with TBA ≥ 100µmol/L, three cases of perinatal deaths (6.67%) associated with moderate-to-severe acute hepatitis occurred between 27 and 33 weeks of gestation. A 59% higher chance of perinatal death was found for every 10 µmol/L rise in TBA, even after significant variables and confounders were taken into account (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.40; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS If a pregnant woman has moderate-to-severe liver disease and TBA ≥ 100µmol/L, preterm termination of pregnancy (before 34 weeks) may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangmin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sundar TKB, Sargenius H, Kvarme LG, Sparboe-Nilsen B. Norwegian pre-service teacher students' and public health nursing students' views on health - a qualitative study of students' perceptions. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2322705. [PMID: 38431882 PMCID: PMC10911246 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2322705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2020, the Norwegian school curriculum was revised, introducing a new cross-curricular subject, Public Health, and Life Skills. The curriculum emphasizes collaboration between teachers and the school health service. Subsequently, a research project, Literacies for Health and Life Skills, was initiated at Oslo Metropolitan University. The aim was to develop a new approach to the subject. A part of the research was to explore perceptions about good and poor health among teacher students and public health nursing students. METHODS This study has a qualitative design using auto-photography, group discussions and photo-elicitation interviews as methods to explore the students' views on health. RESULTS A analysis revealed three themes about good health in both student groups: Relaxation and tranquillity, belonging and relations, and enjoyment as important to health. Three themes about poor health emerged in both student groups: The ideal body and self-perception, you are as healthy as you feel, and the best in life is also the worst. The students' statements were characterized by underlying assumptions about health in society, with a focus on "healthism". No major differences between the student groups were found. CONCLUSION This study serves as a step towards increased understanding of health perceptions among future professionals working with children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Kristin Bigum Sundar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Sargenius
- Department of Psychology, section of cognition and neurosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Gravdal Kvarme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Herbein M, Barbosa S, Collet O, Khalfallah O, Navarro M, Bailhache M, IV N, Aouizerate B, Sutter-Dallay AL, Koehl M, Capuron L, Ellul P, Peyre H, Van der Waerden J, Melchior M, Côté S, Heude B, Glaichenhaus N, Davidovic L, Galera C. Cord serum cytokines at birth and children's trajectories of mood dysregulation symptoms from 3 to 8 years: The EDEN birth cohort. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100768. [PMID: 38586283 PMCID: PMC10990861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that in utero imbalance immune activity plays a role in the development of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in children. Mood dysregulation (MD) is a debilitating transnosographic syndrome whose underlying pathophysiological mechanisms could be revealed by studying its biomarkers using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) model. Our aim was to study the association between the network of cord serum cytokines, and mood dysregulation trajectories in offsprings between 3 and 8 years of age. We used the data of a study nested in the French birth cohort EDEN that took place from 2003 to 2014 and followed mother-child dyads from the second trimester of pregnancy until the children were 8 years of age. The 2002 mother-child dyads were recruited from the general population through their pregnancy follow-up in two French university hospitals. 871 of them were included in the nested cohort and cord serum cytokine levels were measured at birth. Children's mood dysregulation symptoms were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile at the ages 3, 5 and 8 years in order to model their mood dysregulation trajectories. Out of the 871 participating dyads, 53% of the children were male. 2.1% of the children presented a high mood dysregulation trajectory whereas the others were considered as physiological variations. We found a significant negative association between TNF-α cord serum levels and a high mood dysregulation trajectory when considering confounding factors such as maternal depression during pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.18-0.67]). Immune imbalance at birth could play a role in the onset of mood dysregulation symptoms. Our findings throw new light on putative immune mechanisms implicated in the development of mood dysregulation and should lead to future animal and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Herbein
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
- Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophélie Collet
- University of Bordeaux, France
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olfa Khalfallah
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie Navarro
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Marion Bailhache
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Département de Pédiatrie, France
| | - Nicolas IV
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- University of Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
- Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, UMR1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent department, APHP, Paris University, Paris, France
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), UMRS 959, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent department, APHP, Paris University, Paris, France
- Centre de Ressource Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (CeAND), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Tem DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Judith Van der Waerden
- INSERM U1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM U1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Côté
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, F-75004, Paris, France
- Paris University, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Cedric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France
- Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, Canada
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Pan T, Gallo ME, Donald KA, Webb K, Bath KG. Elevated risk for psychiatric outcomes in pediatric patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A review of neuroinflammatory and psychosocial stressors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100760. [PMID: 38586284 PMCID: PMC10992702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a secondary immune manifestation of COVID-19 involving multiple organ systems in the body, resulting in fever, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, shock, and cardiac dysfunction that often lead to hospitalization. Although many of these symptoms resolve following anti-inflammatory treatment, the long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae of MIS-C are unknown. In this review, we will summarize two domains of the MIS-C disease course, 1) Neuroinflammation in the MIS-C brain and 2) Psychosocial disruptions resulting from stress and hospitalization. In both domains, we present existing clinical findings and hypothesize potential connections to psychiatric outcomes. This is the first review to conceptualize a holistic framework of psychiatric risk in MIS-C patients that includes neuroinflammatory and psychosocial risk factors. As cases of severe COVID-19 and MIS-C subside, it is important for clinicians to monitor outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Pan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meghan E. Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- Crick African Network, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Venkatesh S, DeJesus JM. Children's evaluations of culturally diverse lunchbox foods. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105911. [PMID: 38564825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that children make ingroup-outgroup judgments based on notions of food conventionality and that ethnic minority children have been teased or bullied for bringing non-conventional foods to school. This series of three studies experimentally investigated U.S. school-age children's evaluations of culturally diverse lunchbox foods. Study 1 examined an online sample of children aged 5 to 12 years and their evaluations of foods from four cultures (mainstream American, Chinese, Indian, and Mexican) on the taste, smell, and messiness of the food, the appropriateness of bringing the food to school, and whether "cool kids" eat the food. Compared with the mainstream American lunchbox, children rated the Chinese, Indian, and Mexican lunchboxes as less tasty, more messy, and less likely that cool kids would bring those foods to school. In Studies 2 and 3, we examined children's behavioral choices in a hypothetical cafeteria. In both studies, we found that the match between children's own lunch preferences and what was displayed in the mainstream American lunchbox was the only predictor of children's choice to sit at the table with the American lunchbox. Individual variables (e.g., child age, food pickiness) and contextual variables (e.g., neighborhood diversity) did not predict children's table choices. This research highlights children's understanding of familiarity and conventionality of foods and the social consequences of their behavioral choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Venkatesh
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Jasmine M DeJesus
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Yavaslar Dogru Y, Koc-Arik G, Doğru OC, Kazak Berument S. Receptive and expressive vocabulary performance in 2- to 5-year-olds in care: The role of different care types and temperament. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105924. [PMID: 38642417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental role of institutionalization in children's development has prompted the introduction of alternative care types designed to offer more personalized care. The current study aimed to test whether children in alternative care types (care villages, care homes, and foster care) performed better on vocabulary than those in institutions. The role of temperament, specifically perceptual sensitivity and frustration, and the interaction between temperament and care types on vocabulary performance were also explored. The study involved 285 2- to 5-year-old children from different care types, and they were assessed through receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and temperament scales. The results of the linear mixed model revealed that children in alternative care types exhibited significantly higher vocabulary scores compared with those in institutions. Moreover, perceptual sensitivity showed a positive association with receptive and expressive vocabulary skills and seemed to act as a protective factor by mitigating the lower vocabulary scores in institutions. Frustration moderated vocabulary outcomes differently for children in institutions and foster care, aligning with the diathesis-stress model and vantage sensitivity theory, respectively. The findings emphasize the positive role of alternative care types in vocabulary performance and the importance of children's temperamental traits in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yavaslar Dogru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Karabuk University, Demir Celik Campus, 78050 Karabuk, Turkiye.
| | - Gizem Koc-Arik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkiye
| | - Onur Cem Doğru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkiye
| | - Sibel Kazak Berument
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkiye
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Gibhardt S, Aitken J, Low R, Henderson AME. Task demands matter in shaping how preschoolers express instrumental helping, comforting, and sharing: A longitudinal analysis. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105929. [PMID: 38663123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The current research provides a detailed longitudinal examination of instrumental helping, comforting, and sharing in early childhood. Preschoolers completed a series of prosocial behavior tasks when they were 2 years old (n = 200), 3 years old (n = 161), and 4 years old (n = 135). As expected, children's prosocial behaviors increased with age across all tasks. Yet children's prosocial behaviors were more nuanced than expected, with significant differences in scores between trials within each type of prosocial behavior. Cross-lagged panel modelling revealed that instrumental helping at 3 years predicted comforting when an experimenter was sad or cold at 4 years. Furthermore, children's comforting of a sad experimenter at 3 years predicted sharing their own toy with a sad experimenter at 4 years. These findings offer novel insights into the developmental trajectory of three types of prosocial behavior in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gibhardt
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Humboldt Research Group for Child Development, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jess Aitken
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Low
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Stroud CB, Chen FR, Navarro E, Gim H, Benjamin I, Doane LD. Unique and interactive effects of threat and deprivation on latent trait cortisol among emerging adults. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22494. [PMID: 38698641 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Though considerable work supports the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, prior research has not tested whether the dimensions-threat (e.g., abuse) and deprivation (e.g., neglect)-are uniquely related to salivary trait indicators of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity. We examined the unique and interactive effects of threat and deprivation on latent trait cortisol (LTC)-and whether these effects were modified by co-occurring adversities. Emerging adults (n = 90; Mage = 19.36 years; 99.88% cisgender women) provided salivary cortisol samples four times a day (waking, 30 min and 45 min postwaking, bedtime) over three 3-day measurement waves over 13 weeks. Contextual life stress interviews assessed early adversity. Though the effects varied according to the conceptualization of early adversity, overall, threat-but not deprivation, nor other co-occurring adversities-was uniquely associated with the across-wave LTC. Specifically, the incidence and frequency of threat were each negatively related to the across-wave LTC. Threat severity was also associated with the across-wave LTC, but only among those with no deprivation. Finally, the effects of threat were modified by other co-occurring adversities. Findings suggest that threat has unique implications for individual differences in HPA axis activity among emerging adults, and that co-occurring adversities modify such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Stroud
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frances R Chen
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esmeralda Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haelynn Gim
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Benjamin
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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11
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Zhou H, Cai S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang A. Cross-modal conflict deficit in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105917. [PMID: 38579588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The difference between the audiovisual incongruent condition and the audiovisual congruent condition is known as cross-modal conflict, which is an important behavioral index to measure the conflict control function. Previous studies have found conflict control deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it is not clear whether and how cross-modal conflict occurs in children with ADHD at different processing levels. The current study adopted the cross-modal matching paradigm to recruit 25 children with ADHD (19 boys and 6 girls) and 24 TD children (17 boys and 7 girls), aiming to investigate the cross-modal conflict effect at the perception and response levels of children with ADHD. The results showed that both groups of children showed significant cross-modal conflict, and there was no significant difference between the ADHD and TD groups in the number of error trials and mean response time. However, the cross-modal conflict effect caused by auditory distractors was different between the ADHD and TD groups; the TD group had stronger auditory conflict at the response level, whereas the ADHD group had weaker auditory conflict. This indicates that the ADHD group had a deficit of auditory conflict at the response level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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12
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Tang Y, Perry NB, He T, Wu D, Zhou N, Lin X. Grandmother-grandchild physiological synchrony in Chinese three-generation families: Links with child emotion regulation. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22498. [PMID: 38698634 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined the characteristics of physiological synchrony between grandmothers and grandchildren in Chinese three-generation families, and the associations between physiological synchrony and child emotion regulation. The participants included 92 children (age 8-10-year old) and their grandmothers. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was collected from both grandmothers and their grandchildren throughout a collaborative drawing task and a conflict discussion task. Child emotion regulation was measured using the Children's Emotional Management Scale. We found no evidence for an overall pattern of concordant or discordant synchrony within dyads. Instead, there was great variability in patterns of synchrony across dyads. During the collaborative drawing task, concordance in grandmother's RSA and grandchildren's subsequent RSA was linked with better emotion regulation. During the conflict discussion, concordance in grandmother's RSA and grandchildren's simultaneous RSA was linked with poorer emotion regulation. These results suggest that grandmother-grandchild synchrony in different directions, time lags, and contexts has different influences on children's emotion regulation. The findings of this study highlight the importance of contextual physiological co-regulation between Chinese children and their grandmothers for children's social-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole B Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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13
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Brancati GE, De Rosa U, Acierno D, Caruso V, De Dominicis F, Petrucci A, Moriconi M, Elefante C, Gemignani S, Medda P, Schiavi E, Perugi G. Development of a self-report screening instrument for emotional dysregulation: the Reactivity, Intensity, Polarity and Stability questionnaire, screening version (RIPoSt-SV). J Affect Disord 2024; 355:406-414. [PMID: 38570039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation (ED) refers to the inability to manage emotional experiences or expressions hindering goal-oriented behavior. Moderate impairment on at least two domains among temper control, affective lability, and emotional over-reactivity has been proposed to identify ED in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No screening measure designed for use in diverse psychiatric samples exists. We aimed to develop a self-report screening tool for ED based on the 40-item version of the Reactivity, Intensity, Polarity, and Stability questionnaire (RIPoSt-40). METHODS 150 adult outpatients with non-psychotic conditions were enrolled between February and July 2023 at the Second Psychiatry Unit of Pisa University Hospital. Clinically significant ED (CSED) was defined based on the previously suggested approach for ADHD. Differences between patients with and without CSED were tested. To develop our screening instrument, a decision tree algorithm was trained by hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold cross-validation in 120 subjects and tested on the remaining 30. RESULTS 75 subjects met criteria for CSED (50 %). CSED was associated with lower age and higher prevalence of psychiatric conditions, including minor mood disorders, ADHD, cannabis use disorders, and eating disorders. We identified a decision tree consisting of six items from RIPoSt-40 that effectively detected CSED, with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 80 % or higher in both the training and testing sets. LIMITATIONS Tertiary-level; no consensus on criteria; sample size. CONCLUSION The screening version of the Reactivity, Intensity, Polarity, and Stability questionnaire (RIPoSt-SV) demonstrates promise as a valuable tool for ED screening in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Emilio Brancati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo De Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Acierno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco De Dominicis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy; Mental Health Centre, Local Health Unit 2, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy; Mental Health Centre, Local Health Unit 2, Terni, Italy
| | - Martina Moriconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Elefante
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Gemignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Medda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Psychiatry Unit 2, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Gao P, Zhou C, Ruan Z, Zhang Z, Fang X. Association between caregiver-child interaction and autistic-like behaviors at around three years of age. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:326-332. [PMID: 38556097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autistic-like behaviors is increasing worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. With a high disease burden and complex developmental causes, there has been much interest in the etiology of the disease, and there is a lack of evidence on the relationship between caregiver-child interaction and autistic-like behaviors. AIM/OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between caregiver-child interaction and children's autistic-like behaviors during early childhood. METHOD The subjects of this study were 171 kindergartens selected from the Longhua Child Cohort Study (LCCS), and a total of 40,237 children around the age of three were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, family income, and frequency of interaction between caregivers and children were all filled in by the child's primary caregiver, and the adapted Chinese Autism Behavior Checklist was used to assess children's autism-like behaviors. Tobit Regression and ancovariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used to measure the relationship between caregiver-child interactions (family and social activities) and autism-like behaviors, with a two-tailed p value of <0.05 being significant. RESULTS Tobit regression analyses found that in the 0-1 year age group, different frequencies of singing activities by caregivers with children (<3 times per week, 3-6 times per week, 6 times or more per week) were significantly negatively associated with autistic-like behaviors in a dose-response manner (B values of -0.323, -0.381, -0.544, all p < 0.0001); in the 1-3 year age group, different frequencies of reading interactions by caregivers with children (<3 times per week, 3-6 times per week, 6 times or more per week) were also significantly negatively associated with autistic-like behaviors in a dose-response manner (B values of -0.388, -0.632, -0.956, all p < 0.0001), and similar associations were found in singing and chatting interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher frequencies of early caregiver-child interactions are associated with lower levers of autistic-like behaviors in children around the age of three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhaohui Ruan
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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15
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García-González J, Martínez-Navarro A, Romero-Del Rey R, Requena-Mullor M, Zheng R, Lopez-Villen A, Alarcon-Rodriguez R. State-trait anxiety levels and vital signs of pregnant women following intervention with virtual reality during the nonstress test: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:308-314. [PMID: 38548203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women often experience anxiety due to pregnancy, negatively impacting their and their fetus' health. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as virtual reality (VR), could reduce anxiety levels, potentially impacting non-stress tests or the physiological responses of the pregnant woman and the fetus. METHODS A randomized clinical trial conducted between February and December 2022 involved 286 term pregnant women. They were divided into a VR intervention group (146 women) and a control group (140 women). The intervention consisted of 20 min of 3D glasses with images and sounds during a third-trimester nonstress test. Anxiety was measured using the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), alongside physiological parameters. RESULTS The VR group exhibited lower anxiety levels compared to controls (STAI score: Rosenthal's r: -0.54, p = 0.01; state anxiety: Rosenthal's r: -0.40, p = 0.001; trait anxiety: Rosenthal's r: -0.41, p = 0.001). Within the VR group, there was a significant reduction in trait anxiety (Rosenthal's r, 1.27; p < 0.001) and total anxiety (Rosenthal's r, 1.63; p < 0.001) post-intervention, along with decreased systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and maternal heart rate (p = 0.02). LIMITATIONS Future research could explore additional pregnancy-related variables, such as postpartum anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that the use of VR is beneficial for pregnant women and their fetuses, as it decreases anxiety levels, and improves physiological parameters such as blood pressure and maternal heart rate during the nonstress test. VR is a technique that is easy to integrate into the healthcare system due to its non-invasive and non-pharmacological nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica García-González
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería. 04120, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1127 Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Raúl Romero-Del Rey
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería. 04120, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1127 Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería. 04120, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1127 Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Ruirui Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería. 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Antonia Lopez-Villen
- Research Group CTS-1127 Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Torrecárdenas Hospital, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcon-Rodriguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería. 04120, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1127 Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
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Leow KQ, Tonta MA, Lu J, Coleman HA, Parkington HC. Towards understanding sex differences in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148877. [PMID: 38513995 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social deficits, repetitive behaviours and lack of empathy. Its significant genetic heritability and potential comorbidities often lead to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review addresses the biological basis of ASD, focusing on the sex differences in gene expression and hormonal influences. ASD is more commonly diagnosed in males at a ratio of 4:1, indicating a potential oversight in female-specific ASD research and a risk of underdiagnosis in females. We consider how ASD manifests differently across sexes by exploring differential gene expression in female and male brains and consider how variations in steroid hormones influence ASD characteristics. Synaptic function, including excitation/inhibition ratio imbalance, is influenced by gene mutations and this is explored as a key factor in the cognitive and behavioural manifestations of ASD. We also discuss the role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) and highlight a novel mutation in miRNA-873, which affects a suite of key synaptic genes, neurexin, neuroligin, SHANK and post-synaptic density proteins, implicated in the pathology of ASD. Our review suggests that genetic predisposition, sex differences in brain gene expression, and hormonal factors significantly contribute to the presentation, identification and severity of ASD, necessitating sex-specific considerations in diagnosis and treatments. These findings advocate for personalized interventions to improve the outcomes for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Q Leow
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary A Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Tianjin Institute of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena C Parkington
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Zheng S, Wang J, Lu S, Xiao J. A longitudinal investigation of the cross-dimensional mediating role of negative life events between neuroticism and depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:333-341. [PMID: 38570037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism has been identified as a significant predictor for depression within the adolescent population However, few longitudinal studies have investigated this association and explored the mediation effect of the negative life events. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between neuroticism, negative life events, and depression in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. METHODS Data on Five Factor Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale (FFI-N) was collected from 1150 participants aged 14-19 years old at baseline, and data on Adolescent Life Event Questionnaire (ALEQ) and Center of Epidemiological Study-Depression (CES-D) were collected both at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Multilevel modelings were used to analyze the longitudinal associations among neuroticism, negative life events and depression. RESULTS Through a longitudinal study design, results from multilevel regression analyses indicated a direct correlation between increased levels of neuroticism and the aggregation of negative life events with the prediction of more severe depressive symptoms. Further, results of multilevel mediations suggested that the negative life events served to partially mediate the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. LIMITATIONS The results cannot be used to make a clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest the negative life events as a cross-dimensional mediator in the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. Regulating neuroticism levels and implementing strategies to coping stress derived from daily life events could be integral approaches to reducing the prevalence of depression within the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Jieyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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18
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Cheng P, Wang L, Zhou Y, Ma W, Zhao G, Li W. Trajectories and comorbid symptom networks of posttraumatic stress symptoms in frontline rescuers: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:73-81. [PMID: 38548201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has largely lacked studies that explore the trajectories of Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and the structure of comorbid psychiatric symptom networks following traumatic event, while controlling for the severity of traumatic exposure. The present study aims to explore the characteristic trajectories of PTSS, in the context of ensuring controlled levels of traumatic exposure. Furthermore, the PTSS, depressive, and anxiety comorbid symptom networks of different PTSS trajectory subgroups are also investigated. METHODS A total of 296 frontline rescue personnel were enrolled into our study. In an effort to control for variations in traumatic exposure severity, this study ensured that all participants had same responsibilities and cumulative operational duration at the post-disaster rescue circumstance. Growth mixture models (GMMs) were employed to scrutinize the trajectories of PTSS. Additionally, network analysis was used to examine the comorbid symptom network of PTSS, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Four distinct PTSS trajectories were identified, namely Persisting Symptom, Gradual Recovery, Gradual Aggravation, and Asymptomatic. Although both the Persisting Symptom and Gradual Aggravation groups belong to the high-risk subgroups for persistent PTSS, they exhibit differences in core symptoms within their respective networks. The core symptom for the Persisting Symptom Network is flashbacks, while for the Gradual Aggravation Network, it is sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, the present study represents the first research endeavor to integrate longitudinal trajectory analysis of PTSS with longitudinal symptom network analysis, clarifying the evolving features of PTSS but also offering valuable insights for early screening and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weihui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Secara MT, Oliver LD, Gallucci J, Dickie EW, Foussias G, Gold J, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN, Hawco C. Heterogeneity in functional connectivity: Dimensional predictors of individual variability during rest and task fMRI in psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110991. [PMID: 38484928 PMCID: PMC11034852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often demonstrate cognitive impairments, associated with poor functional outcomes. While neurobiological heterogeneity has posed challenges when examining social cognition in SSD, it provides a unique opportunity to explore brain-behavior relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual variability in functional connectivity during resting state and the performance of a social task and social and non-social cognition in a large sample of controls and individuals diagnosed with SSD. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioral data were analyzed for 193 individuals with SSD and 155 controls (total n = 348). Individual variability was quantified through mean correlational distance (MCD) of functional connectivity between participants; MCD was defined as a global 'variability score'. Pairwise correlational distance was calculated as 1 - the correlation coefficient between a given pair of participants, and averaging distance from one participant to all other participants provided the mean correlational distance metric. Hierarchical regressions were performed on variability scores derived from resting state and Empathic Accuracy (EA) task functional connectivity data to determine potential predictors (e.g., age, sex, neurocognitive and social cognitive scores) of individual variability. RESULTS Group comparison between SSD and controls showed greater SSD MCD during rest (p = 0.00038), while no diagnostic differences were observed during task (p = 0.063). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the persistence of a significant diagnostic effect during rest (p = 0.008), contrasting with its non-significance during the task (p = 0.50), after social cognition was added to the model. Notably, social cognition exhibited significance in both resting state and task conditions (both p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic differences were more prevalent during unconstrained resting scans, whereas the task pushed participants into a more common pattern which better emphasized transdiagnostic differences in cognitive abilities. Focusing on variability may provide new opportunities for interventions targeting specific cognitive impairments to improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Secara
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Buades-Sitjar F, Capilla A, Zancada-Menéndez C, González-Baeza A, Moreno-Fernández RD. Risky alcohol use during youth: Impact on emotion, cognitive networks, and resting-state EEG activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110994. [PMID: 38514039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the risk factors of alcohol consumption in youths is crucial for early interventions focused on reducing harmful alcohol use. In our study, 82 college students (40 healthy control (CO group) and 42 with risky alcohol use (RAU group) determined by AUDIT questionnaire) between the ages of 18 and 25 years underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment covering emotional and cognitive functioning. Their resting-state activity was also recorded with an EEG for 10 min with their eyes open (EO) and 10 min with their eyes closed (EC) and analyzed using the Fitting Oscillations & One-Over-F (FOOOF) paradigm. After adjusting for sex, those in the RAU group had higher emotional dysregulation and impulsivity traits. The RAU girls presented more emotional regulation problems, such as dysregulation and negative urgency compared with the RAU boys. The RAU youths had significantly worse functioning in several cognitive domains, such as sustained attention, verbal memory, and executive functions. Cognitive network analysis revealed a different pattern of connections in each group showing that in the RAU group, the verbal memory domain had the highest connection with other cognitive functions. The EEG analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the CO and the RAU groups. However, we observed only in the EO condition that boys the from the RAU group displayed a higher theta/beta ratio than the RAU girls, whereas these differences were not observed within the CO group. Our findings highlight the need to explore more deeply the emotional, cognitive and brain changes underlying the RAU in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Buades-Sitjar
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Capilla
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - A González-Baeza
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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21
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Pang T, Ding N, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Yang L, Chang S. Novel genetic loci of inhibitory control in ADHD and healthy children and genetic correlations with ADHD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110988. [PMID: 38430954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has showed the deficits of inhibitory control in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is considered as an endophenotype of ADHD. Genetic study of inhibitory control could advance gene discovery and further facilitate the understanding of ADHD genetic basis, but the studies were limited in both the general population and ADHD patients. To reveal genetic risk variants of inhibitory control and its potential genetic relationship with ADHD, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on inhibitory control using three datasets, which included 783 and 957 ADHD patients and 1350 healthy children. Subsequently, we employed polygenic risk scores (PRS) to explore the association of inhibitory control with ADHD and related psychiatric disorders. Firstly, we identified three significant loci for inhibitory control in the healthy dataset, two loci in the case dataset, and one locus in the meta-analysis of three datasets. Besides, we found more risk genes and variants by applying transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and conditional FDR method. Then, we constructed a network by connecting the genes identified in our study, leading to the identification of several vital genes. Lastly, we identified a potential relationship between inhibitory control and ADHD and autism by PRS analysis and found the direct and mediated contribution of the identified genetic loci on ADHD symptoms by mediation analysis. In conclusion, we revealed some genetic risk variants associated with inhibitory control and elucidated the benefit of inhibitory control as an endophenotype, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilu Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Suhua Chang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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22
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Yu L, Li LMW, Tong X. Understanding the link between theory of mind and loneliness among primary school students: A cross-lagged panel model analysis. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105891. [PMID: 38442684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between theory of mind (ToM) and loneliness as well as the potential moderating effects of parenting style on this association. A total of 689 Chinese third-grade students (341 girls and 348 boys; Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 0.66) were recruited from eight primary schools and were followed from Grade 3 to Grade 5. These students reported their primary caregivers' parenting style in third grade and completed the same ToM task and loneliness questionnaire at each time point from Grade 3 to Grade 5. The study's results indicated a bidirectional relationship between ToM and loneliness, implying that children with less developed ToM abilities tend to feel lonelier and, conversely, that higher levels of loneliness are associated with lower ToM skills. Moreover, the study demonstrated that parenting style influenced the association between ToM and loneliness. Specifically, the impact of ToM at Grade 3 on reducing loneliness at Grade 4 was greater among children who experienced high levels of rejection from their caregivers compared with those with low levels of rejection. In addition, this study found that loneliness at Grade 3 had a greater influence on ToM at Grade 5 for children experiencing low levels of emotional warmth from their caregivers than for those who experienced high levels of emotional warmth. These findings highlight the significance of ToM as both a precursor and consequence of children's loneliness and emphasize the variation in these longitudinal relationships based on the parenting styles of primary caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Liman Man Wai Li
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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23
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Overvliet KE, Postma A, Röder B. Child development and the role of visual experience in the use of spatial and non-spatial features in haptic object perception. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105885. [PMID: 38471382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Previous work has suggested a different developmental timeline and role of visual experience for the use of spatial and non-spatial features in haptic object recognition. To investigate this conjecture, we used a haptic ambiguous odd-one-out task in which one object needed to be selected as being different from two other objects. The odd-one-out could be selected based on four characteristics: size, shape (spatial), texture, and weight (non-spatial). We tested sighted children from 4 to 12 years of age; congenitally blind, late blind, and adult participants with low vision; and normally sighted adults. Given the protracted developmental time course for spatial perception, we expected a shift from a preference for non-spatial features toward spatial features during typical development. Due to the dominant influence of vision for spatial perception, we expected congenitally blind adults to show a similar preference for non-spatial features as the youngest children. The results confirmed our first hypothesis; the 4-year-olds demonstrated a lower dominance for spatial features for object classification compared with older children and sighted adults. In contrast, our second hypothesis was not confirmed; congenitally blind adults' preferred categorization criteria were indistinguishable from those of sighted controls. These findings suggest an early development, but late maturation, of spatial processing in haptic object recognition independent of visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista E Overvliet
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India
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24
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Hsu HW, Huang JP, Au HK, Lin CL, Chen YY, Chien LC, Chao HJ, Lo YC, Lin WY, Chen YH. Impact of miscarriage and termination of pregnancy on subsequent pregnancies: A longitudinal study of maternal and paternal depression, anxiety and eudaimonia. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:544-552. [PMID: 38479500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although miscarriage and termination of pregnancy affect maternal mental illnesses on subsequent pregnancies, their effects on the positive mental health (e.g., eudaimonia) of both first-time and multi-time parents have received minimal attention, especially for fathers. This longitudinal study examines the effects of experiences of miscarriage and termination on parental well-being in subsequent pregnancies from prenatal to postpartum years, while simultaneously considering parity. METHODS Pregnant women and their partners were recruited during early prenatal visits in Taiwan from 2011 to 2022 and were followed up from mid-pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Six waves of self-reported assessments were employed. RESULTS Of 1813 women, 11.3 % and 14.7 % had experiences of miscarriage and termination, respectively. Compared with the group without experiences of miscarriage or termination, experiences of miscarriage were associated with increased risks of paternal depression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-2.27), higher levels of anxiety (adjusted β = 1.83, 95 % CI = 0.21-3.46), and lower eudaimonia scores (adjusted β = -1.09, 95 % CI = -1.99 to -0.19) from the prenatal to postpartum years, particularly among multiparous individuals. Additionally, experiences of termination were associated with increased risks of depression in their partner. LIMITATIONS The experiences of miscarriage and TOP were self-reported and limited in acquiring more detailed information through questioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the decreased well-being of men whose partners have undergone termination of pregnancy or experienced miscarriage, and stress the importance of interventions aimed at preventing adverse consequences among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wen Hsu
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Kien Au
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Techonology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Health Equity, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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25
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Lu B, Lin L, Su X. Global burden of depression or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:553-562. [PMID: 38490591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the leading cause of health-related disability. A proportion of depression cases begin in childhood and increase dramatically during adolescence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents and explore the temporal and regional distribution of depression or depressive symptoms. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis identified peer-reviewed literature published through April 8, 2023, using the MEDLINE, Embase and APA PsycINFO databases, supplemented by reverse reference searches. Observational studies published in English and based on validated instruments with prevalence data on depression or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents aged ≤18 years were eligible. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed using R software. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis included a total of 96 studies (29 countries, 528,293 participants) published between 1989 and 2022. The pooled prevalence of mild-to-severe, moderate-to-severe, and major depression were 21.3 % (95%CI, 16.7 %-26.7 %), 18.9 % (95%CI, 14.6 %-24.2 %), and 3.7 % (95%CI, 2.7 %-5.1 %) respectively. Meta-regression analysis showed that from 1989 to 2022, the prevalence of mild-to-severe and moderate-to-severe depression increased over time (P = 0.002, P = 0.034, respectively), but the prevalence of major depression did not change significantly (P = 0.636). LIMITATIONS Only English articles were included. There was significant heterogeneity across the included studies. The studies included were mostly based on self-report scales to assess depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION In this systematic review, about one in five children and adolescents globally suffered from depression or had depressive symptoms, and this proportion was increasing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Lixia Lin
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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26
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Baloyi O, Jarvis MA, Chironda G, Mbeje P, Ngcobo SJ, Gqaleni T, Mhlongo EM, Ngcobo WB, Brysiewicz P. Experiences of families with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in World Health Organization Afro-Regions: A scoping review. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13123. [PMID: 38692580 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A scoping review on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its impact on the families of affected children was undertaken due to insufficient information available on the diverse experiences impacting their lives. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, eligibility criteria were guided by Population (families), Concept (family experiences), and Context (African region). English-language articles were sought from a variety of databases and search engines. The publication date of the identified articles ranged from 2003 to 2021 with most published in 2020 (n = 10), and the majority using qualitative methodologies (n = 51). Most family members involved were parents (n = 51) and their ages ranged from 18 to 75 years. The families experienced various challenges related to their child with regard to education, healthcare, and the broader community including lack of support. Family coping strategies included believing in God, attending counseling sessions, adapting, and accepting the situation. Healthcare professionals should be prepared and positioned to educate families and siblings on various aspects of ASD. There is a need for active, continued research on families within most countries of World Health Organization Afro-region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Baloyi
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary Ann Jarvis
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Geldine Chironda
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pretty Mbeje
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Silingene Joyce Ngcobo
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thusile Gqaleni
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Euphemia Mbali Mhlongo
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Winnie Baphumelele Ngcobo
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Petra Brysiewicz
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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27
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Kildahl AN. Bias in assessment of co-occurring mental disorder in individuals with intellectual disabilities: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. J Intellect Disabil 2024; 28:393-414. [PMID: 36708367 PMCID: PMC11059834 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231154119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Influence from bias is unavoidable in clinical decision-making, and mental health assessment seems particularly vulnerable. Individuals with intellectual disabilities have increased risk of developing co-occurring mental disorder. Due to the inherent difficulties associated with intellectual disabilities, assessment of mental health in this population often relies on a different set of strategies, and it is unclear how these may affect risk of bias. In this theoretical paper, we apply recent conceptualisations of bias in clinical decision-making to the specific challenges and strategies in mental health assessment in intellectual disabilities. We suggest that clinical decision-making in these assessments is particularly vulnerable to bias, including sources of bias present in mental health assessment in the general population, as well as potential sources of bias which may be specific to assessments in this population. It follows that to manage potential bias, triangulating information from multi-informant, multi-method, interdisciplinary assessment strategies is likely to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Nikolai Kildahl
- Arvid Nikolai Kildahl, Regional Section Mental Health, Intellectual Disabilities/Autism, Oslo University Hospital, Verkensveien 19, Oslo, Asker 1385, Norway.
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28
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Spalek K, Straathof M, Koyuncu L, Grydeland H, van der Geest A, Van't Hof SR, Crone EA, Barba-Müller E, Carmona S, Denys D, Tamnes CK, Burke S, Hoekzema E. Pregnancy renders anatomical changes in hypothalamic substructures of the human brain that relate to aspects of maternal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107021. [PMID: 38492349 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that pregnancy is associated with neural adaptations that promote maternal care. The hypothalamus represents a central structure of the mammalian maternal brain and hormonal priming of specific hypothalamic nuclei plays a key role in the induction and expression of maternal behavior. In humans, we have previously demonstrated that becoming a mother involves changes in grey matter anatomy, primarily in association areas of the cerebral cortex. In the current study, we investigated whether pregnancy renders anatomical changes in the hypothalamus. Using an advanced delineation technique, five hypothalamic substructures were defined in longitudinal MRI scans of 107 women extracted from two prospective pre-conception cohort studies, including 50 women who were scanned before and after pregnancy and 57 nulliparous control women scanned at a similar time interval. We showed that becoming a mother is associated with volume reductions in the anterior-superior, superior tuberal and posterior hypothalamus. In addition, these structural changes related to hormonal levels during pregnancy and specific aspects of self-reported maternal behavior in late pregnancy, including maternal-fetal attachment and nesting behavior. These findings show that pregnancy leads to changes in hypothalamic anatomy and suggest that these contribute to the development of maternal behavior in humans, supporting the conservation of key aspects of maternal brain circuitry and their role in maternal behavior across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Spalek
- Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milou Straathof
- Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lal Koyuncu
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Håkon Grydeland
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anouk van der Geest
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie R Van't Hof
- Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susana Carmona
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Burke
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elseline Hoekzema
- Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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29
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Brett BE, Vacaru S, Beijers R, de Weerth C. Infant colic and HPA axis development across childhood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:106965. [PMID: 38493596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the long-term impact of infant colic on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis development and the moderating role of attachment security, in a low-risk Dutch sample of 193 children. We assessed infant colic at 6 weeks, circadian cortisol concentrations at ages 1, 2.5, 6, and 10 years, and attachment security at 1 year. Findings indicated that infant colic was associated with steeper diurnal cortisol slopes and slightly higher cortisol concentrations throughout childhood. Attachment security did not moderate these associations. This is the first study to reveal a link between infant colic and the development of the HPA axis in healthy children beyond infancy. These findings have important implications for understanding early risk and protective factors in the stress system's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E Brett
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefania Vacaru
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen 6525HR, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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30
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Wood JJ, Danial J, Wolpe S. Home-based video assessment of children's autism-related behaviours: Psychometric analysis and linkages with parental responsiveness and context. Br J Clin Psychol 2024; 63:197-212. [PMID: 38214135 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of autism-related behaviours (ARBs) in children has generally been limited to direct observations in clinical settings or informant-based reports. The widespread availability of video-streaming devices has made home observations of children's ARBs feasible. This approach could enable assessment of the generalization and durability of interventions and may be able to overcome methodological limitations of predominant current assessment approaches (response biases, limited sensitivity to treatment). DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-four autistic children and their families participated in a repeated-measures study with a correlational design. Approximately 10 hr of unprompted behaviour at home were videorecorded over the course of a week (2 hr per day) for each participant. Gold standard measures of ARBs were also administered (ADOS-2 and ADI-R). Two home-based observational measures of ARBs utilizing streaming video were developed and evaluated: the ARCHER and the CHEERS. Trained independent evaluators made ratings on the ARCHER, CHEERS and an observational measure of parental responsiveness. RESULTS Correlations with the ADOS-2 and ADI-R were .47 and .34 for ARCHER scores and .51 and .48 for CHEERS scores, respectively. In linear mixed models, more responsive parenting was associated with fewer ARBs on a daily basis. Children spent their afternoons engaged in many typical activities including electronics, homework and games with family members, and ARBs were more prominent in some of these contexts (e.g., electronics) than others (e.g., family games). CONCLUSIONS Home-based observational assessment of ARBs may be useful for clinical and descriptive research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Danial
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samara Wolpe
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zeng S, Liu C, Wang Z. The Effect of CRHBP rs10062367 Polymorphism and Parenting Styles on Internalizing Problems in Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Sensory Processing Sensitivity. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:644-654. [PMID: 36114994 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine how CRHBP rs10062367 polymorphism interacted with parenting styles and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) to impact on preschoolers' internalizing problems. A total of 446 preschoolers (Mage = 4.55, SD = 1.07) participated in the study and their saliva were extracted to genotype the CRHBP rs10062367 polymorphism, and their parents were invited to complete a battery of questionnaires to assess parenting styles, preschoolers' SPS, and internalizing problems. Results indicated that high SPS preschoolers with A allele exhibited fewer internalizing problems under the condition of positive parenting while they exhibited more internalizing problems under the condition of negative parenting. The findings provide support for the Differential Susceptibility Model/Biological Sensitivity to Context Theory that A allele of rs10062367 and high SPS might be the "susceptibility markers" of children to environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Zeng
- School of Psychology, , Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuizhen Liu
- School of Psychology, , Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, , Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, China.
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Klein AM, van Niekerk RE, Rinck M, Allart E, Becker ES. Interpretation biases in childhood spider fear: Content-specificity, priming, and avoidance. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 83:101941. [PMID: 38281333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relation between fear and interpretation bias has been widely studied in children. However, much less is known about its content-specificity and how interpretation biases predict variance in avoidance. The current study examined different interpretation bias tasks, the role of priming and the ability of the interpretation bias tasks to predict spider fear-related avoidance behaviour. METHODS 169 children with varying levels of spider fear performed a behavioural avoidance task, two versions of the Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST; with and without priming), and a size and distance estimation task. RESULTS Both versions of the AST and the size-estimation were significantly related to self-reported spider fear and avoidance. These relations were content-specific: children with higher levels of spider fear had a more negative interpretation bias related to spider-related materials than to other materials, and a more negative bias than children with lower levels of spider fear. Furthermore, self-reported spider fear, the AST with priming, and the size-estimation predicted unique variance in avoidance behaviour. LIMITATIONS Children varied in their level of spider fear, but clinical diagnoses of spider phobia were not assessed. The participants of this study were not randomly selected, they were children of parents with panic disorder or social anxiety disorder or no anxiety disorder and could therefore partly be seen as children at risk. CONCLUSIONS The results support cognitive models of childhood anxiety and indicate that both controlled and automatic processes play an important role in fear-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Klein
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rianne E van Niekerk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands; GGZ Pro Persona, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Montag C, Demetrovics Z, Elhai JD, Grant D, Koning I, Rumpf HJ, M Spada M, Throuvala M, van den Eijnden R. Problematic social media use in childhood and adolescence. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107980. [PMID: 38387131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
At the time of writing, about 4.59 billion people use social media with many adolescents using their social media accounts across a myriad of applications and platforms. According to recent statistics, in 2022 individuals spent an average of 151 minutes on social media each day, illustrating the global relevance of social media (Dixon, 2022a,b). One of the pressing questions, internationally, is whether social media use is harmful and/or addictive. This question is of particular importance because many teenagers - and younger adolescents - spend considerable time on these platforms, which have increasingly become an integral part of their lives. Moreover, considering lifespan development, adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to specific features and advertisements shown to them on social media platforms. Growing prevalence of poor mental health in young people has led to recent recommendations in the United States to routinely screen for anxiety in 8-18 year olds, and for depression and suicide risk for adolescents between 12-18 years of age (US Preventive Services Task Force et al., 2022 a,b) - the conditions often accompanying problematic social media use. The present work not only provides insights into the current state of the literature but provides also recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Don Grant
- Center for Research and Innovation, Newport Healthcare, United States
| | - Ina Koning
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Melina Throuvala
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Inclusion West Midlands Gambling Harms Clinic, Stafford, UK; Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Paediatric Psychology, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Leicester, UK
| | - Regina van den Eijnden
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Duko B, Bedaso A, Dachew BA, Newnham E, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema G, Einarsdottir K, Alati R, Pereira G. The effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107985. [PMID: 38367506 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies examining the prospective association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring academic achievement have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude and consistency of association reported by those studies. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the PRISMA protocol. Relevant epidemiological studies on the topic were extracted from four main databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. We conducted a narrative assessment of the studies that did not report effect estimates. Inverse variance-weighted random effect meta-analysis was used to combine studies reporting effect sizes to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350901). RESULTS Nineteen observational studies, published between 1973 and 2021 with a total of 1.25 million study participants were included in the final review. Of these, fifteen studies (79 %) reported reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. The eight primary studies (sample size = 723,877) included in the meta-analysis together suggested a 49 % higher risk of reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking when compared to non-exposed offspring (Pooled odds ratio = 1.49, 95 % CI:1.17-1.91). CONCLUSION Our review found a positive association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring reduced academic achievement. However, variation in the adjustment of potential confounders and significant heterogeneity across included studies limited more conclusive inference. Mechanistic studies to identify causal pathways and specific academic impacts are needed to inform targeted developmental programs to assist child learning and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Asres Bedaso
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newnham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gizachew Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kristjana Einarsdottir
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068 Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rapee RM, Kuhnert R, Spence SH, Bowsher I, Burns J, Coen J, Dixon J, Kotselas P, Lourey C, McLellan LF, Mihalopoulos C, Peters L, Prendergast T, Roos T, Thomas D, Wuthrich V. The Brief Evaluation of Adolescents and Children Online (BEACON): Psychometric development of a mental health screening measure for school students. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1420-1447. [PMID: 38425210 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a brief self-report measure (BEACON) to inform universal mental health screening in schools. Items assess symptoms and impairment associated with anxiety and attention/hyperactivity problems (grades 4-11) as well as depression and eating difficulties (grades 6-11), with optional items for suicidality and self-harm (grades 7-11). Initial item examination based on Item Response Theory (IRT) and classical test theory involved 3844 students in grades 4 through 11 (Study 1) and identified 18 items for grades 4-5 and 31 items for grades 6-11 that fulfilled pre-set criteria. Study 2 extended testing with 10,479 students in grades 4-11 and added an additional four items assessing impairment associated with eating difficulties for older students (grades 6-11) creating a total of 35 items for grades 6-11. All items, for both grade-level versions, met the pre-set criteria for IRT and classical test theory analysis supporting their strength in the measurement of the dimensions of concern. The measure showed good reliability (subscale alphas .87 to .95). Validity was also demonstrated against standard symptom measures, school grades, school absenteeism, and help-seeking. The BEACON appears to be a psychometrically sound measure to use in the first stage of school-based screening for mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kuhnert
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan H Spence
- Australian Institute of Suicide Research and Prevention and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Bowsher
- Sydney Secondary College, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Burns
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Coen
- Wellbeing and CVE, Catholic Schools NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Dixon
- The Mental Health Commission of NSW, Gladesville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauline Kotselas
- Psychology and Wellbeing Services, NSW Department of Education, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Lourey
- The Mental Health Commission of NSW, Gladesville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren F McLellan
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna Peters
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Traci Prendergast
- Psychology and Wellbeing Services, NSW Department of Education, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Roos
- The Association of Independent Schools of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Thomas
- Perinatal, Child and Youth, Mental Health Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hansen C, Bakke M, Sonnesen L. Oro-facial function and quality of life in children and adolescents with large horizontal maxillary overjet-A case-control study. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:982-991. [PMID: 38414127 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large horizontal maxillary overjet (overjet) is associated with reduced bite force (BF) and number of contacts, which influence the chewing effectivity (CE). Oral health, oro-facial function (OF) and malocclusion have great impact on psychological well-being and quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to examine OF, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), BF, CE, QoL and well-being in children and adolescents with large overjet. METHODS The study was a case-control study including healthy children with large overjet in the study group compared to a control group of healthy children with neutral occlusion, all 9-14 years old. OF was examined by use of Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and registration of morphological and functional occlusion. QoL and well-being were examined using KIDSCREEN-10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS The study and control groups included 37 and 32 participants, respectively. Significantly increased NOT-S score (p < .001) and reduced BF (p = .011), numbers of contacts (p < .001) and CE (p = .005) were found in the study group. BF, numbers of contacts and CE were negatively associated with erupting canines and premolars. No significant difference was found in age, gender, dental eruption, TMD diagnosis or QoL between the groups. Significantly increased emotional symptoms (p = .007), hyperactivity (p = .043) and total difficulties score (p = .009) were found in the study group. CONCLUSION The study group showed higher NOT-S score and reduced BF, number of contacts and CE. No difference in QoL were found between the groups, although reduced well-being and increased emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and total difficulties were found in the study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hansen
- Section of Orthodontics and Dental Sleep Clinic, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Bakke
- Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics and Dental Sleep Clinic, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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de Jong R, Lommen MJJ, de Jong PJ, van Hout WJPJ, Duin-van der Marel ACE, Nauta MH. Effectiveness of exposure-based treatment for childhood anxiety disorders: An open clinical trial to test its relation with indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 83:101942. [PMID: 38309121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The current study examined how effectiveness of exposure-based CBT was related to indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning during exposure exercises. METHODS Adolescents with anxiety disorder(s) (N = 72; age 11-19; 85% girls) received a group-based, intensive two-week treatment of which effectiveness was indexed by the SCARED and by ratings of anxiety and approach towards individualized goal situations. To index emotional processing, subjective units of distress (SUDs) were used to indicate both initial and final fear level, and absolute, relative, and total dose of fear reduction. To index inhibitory learning, subjective threat expectancies (STEs) were used to indicate initial and final threat expectancy, and absolute, relative, and total dose of expectancy change. RESULTS From pre-treatment to follow-up, there was a large-sized reduction of anxiety symptoms, small-sized decrease of subjective anxiety and a large-sized increase in subjective approach towards individual treatment goals. Higher fear levels prior to exposure were related to a larger decrease of symptoms. Higher threat expectancies after exposure exercises were independently associated with less decrease of anxiety and increase of approach towards treatment goals. Total dose of experienced fear reduction and total dose of experienced expectancy change were (partly) independently related to more increase in approach towards individualized goal situations. LIMITATIONS As patients also received other treatment elements, the results cannot be interpreted unequivocally. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of findings seems to indicate that emotional processing (as indexed by fear reduction) and inhibitory learning (as indexed by expectancy change) are both relevant in exposure-based CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel de Jong
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands.
| | - Miriam J J Lommen
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J de Jong
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
| | - Wiljo J P J van Hout
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike H Nauta
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
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Yang X, Song L, Zhao Y, Cheng D. Mapping gender networks of music self-concept and music emotions: A network analysis study of music majors in China. Br J Educ Psychol 2024; 94:642-660. [PMID: 38418284 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' music self-concept and music emotions are becoming prominent topics within the area of music education. AIMS, SAMPLES AND METHODS The majority of previous research on self-concept and music emotions has examined the two constructs independently and focused on gender differences in externalizing behaviours in music learning, but has neglected the internal interactions between individual music self-concept and music emotions. Network analysis is a promising method for visually examining music self-concept and music emotions as part of a network of interactions to identify core features and interrelationships among nodes in the network. In this study, 515 students majoring in music from a Chinese university were recruited. RESULTS The results showed that high music self-concept and boredom were the common features at the core of the network for both men and women college students. The boredom exhibited by women differed from that of men in that men's boredom was directed at the entire music course, while boredom in women manifested as daydreaming and boredom with learning materials. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to explore gender differences in the music self-concept and music emotions from a holistic perspective. The findings could help music teachers gain insight into the complex system of music self-concept and music emotions. Music teachers could capture the respective features of men and women to design individualized teaching strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Song
- Postgraduate Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGi University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuehan Zhao
- Faculty of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dandan Cheng
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Dempsey C, Devine R, Fink E, Hughes C. Developmental links between well-being, self-concept and prosocial behaviour in early primary school. Br J Educ Psychol 2024; 94:425-440. [PMID: 38114272 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-being is a key aspect of children's education, yet measurement issues have limited studies in early primary school. AIMS The current 12-month longitudinal study assesses the temporal stability of child- and parent-reported school well-being and examines developmental links with academic self-concept and parent-rated prosocial behaviour. SAMPLE(S) We tracked a sample of 206 children across the transition from the first (T1) to the second (T2) year of primary school (T1 child Mage = 5.3, SD = .46, 54.3% girls) and gathered ratings of well-being, prosocial behaviour and academic self-concept at both timepoints. METHODS We used cross-lagged analyses to investigate developmental links between these three constructs. RESULTS Parent and child reports of children's well-being showed similar temporal stability and converged over time, such that informants' reports showed a modest but significant correlation at T2. Girls reported greater well-being than boys at both timepoints and received higher parental ratings of well-being than boys at T2. For both girls and boys, associations between the constructs were asymmetric: early well-being predicted later self-concept and prosocial behaviour, but the reciprocal associations were not significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the validity of young children's self-reported well-being, highlight the early onset of gender differences in school well-being and demonstrate that early well-being heralds later prosocial behaviour and positive academic self-concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Dempsey
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory Devine
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elian Fink
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Haider NUA, Zaman NI. Translation and validation of prolonged grief disorder (PG-13) scale in Urdu among bereaved adolescents with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:585-597. [PMID: 38445414 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to translate and validate the Prolonged Grief Disorder (PG-13) scale from English into Urdu language. This involved examining its psychometric properties, evaluating its factor structure and assessing both convergent and discriminant validity. The study was conducted within the cultural context of Pakistan and focused on the assessment of manifestations of grief, including symptoms of prolonged grief, in adolescents with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (ID). The PG-13 scale was selected for this study due to its demonstrated accuracy in measuring prolonged grieving symptoms in bereaved population. METHOD A total of 140 adolescents, aged 10-19 years according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2018 criteria, were selected from 14 cities in Pakistan. These participants had lost loved ones within the time span of the last 4 years. The WHO (2018) guidelines for translation, adaptation, and validation were followed. RESULTS The findings suggest that the translated and validated PG-13 scale has adequate psychometric properties, with Cronbach alpha coefficient of .97. Confirmatory factor analysis supports a single-factor structure for the scale, with factor loadings ranging from .80 to .95. CONCLUSION The PG-13 Urdu version is a reliable and validated scale available for assessing grieving symptoms in the Pakistani context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-U-A Haider
- Bahria School of Professional Psychology, Bahria University E-8 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - N I Zaman
- Bahria School of Professional Psychology, Bahria University E-8 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan
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41
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Cai J, Zhang S, Wu R, Huang J. Association between depression and diabetes mellitus and the impact of their comorbidity on mortality: Evidence from a nationally representative study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:11-18. [PMID: 38447915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major chronic noncommunicable diseases that impair one's mental and physical well-being and impose substantial burdens on the health system. Depressed individuals have an increased risk of impaired blood glucose, weight gain and dyslipidemia which could induce poorer long-term survival. METHODS 37,040 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and classified by the total scores as no (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), and severe (15-27). DM was determined based on self-reported medical history, clinical test results, and medication use. Logistic and Cox regression were the main statistical models. All analyses were based on weighted data from complex sampling. RESULTS The prevalence of DM was higher in depressed than non-depressed individuals (21.26 % vs. 13.75 %). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95 % CI) of comorbid DM increased with depression severity, from 1.00 (reference) for no depression, to 1.22 (1.09,1.36) for mild, 1.62 (1.37,1.92) for moderate, and 1.52(1.28,1.82) for severe depression. Comorbidity of DM and depression significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, with a hazard ratio (HR) (95 % CI) = 2.09 (1.64,2.66). LIMITATIONS Dynamic demographic and metabolic data were not available. CONCLUSION Depression is associated with a higher risk of DM, which may be related to biological, socioeconomic, and medication-related factors. Comorbidity of the two worsens long-term survival. Therefore, blood glucose management and prevention of DM should be emphasized in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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42
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Silver J, Sorcher L, Carlson GA, Dougherty LR, Klein DN. Irritability across adolescence: Examining longitudinal trajectory, stability, and associations with psychopathology and functioning at age 18. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:611-618. [PMID: 38494139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritability, marked by diminished frustration tolerance, holds significant implications for youth mental health treatment. Despite prior research on irritability trajectories, understanding of individual differences during adolescence remains limited. This study examines the stability and trajectory of irritability across ages 12-18, investigating associations with psychopathology and functioning at age 18. METHODS A community sample of families with 3-year-old children (N = 518) was recruited via commercial mailing lists. Irritability was assessed at ages 12, 15, and 18 using the Affective Reactivity Index. Psychopathology at age 18 was evaluated with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and functioning was assessed through the UCLA Life Stress Interview. Measurement invariance analyses and latent growth curve modeling were conducted within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. RESULTS Configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were supported. Elevated irritability at age 12 predicted adverse outcomes at age 18, including increased psychotropic medication use, mental health treatment, suicidal ideation, self-injury, and psychiatric disorders. Importantly, these associations persisted even after accounting for corresponding variables at age 12. The trajectory of irritability during early adolescence significantly predicted heightened risks for various outcomes at age 18, including suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, disruptive behavior disorders, and impaired interpersonal functioning. DISCUSSION Limitations include using only youth-reported data at age 18, limited generalizability from a mostly White, middle-class sample, and insufficient exploration of the broader developmental trajectory of irritability. Nevertheless, the findings emphasize the crucial role of irritability's trajectory in influencing various psychopathological and functional outcomes in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Silver
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Leah Sorcher
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Lea R Dougherty
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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43
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Söldner L, Paulus M. I help, therefore, I am? - A registered report on longitudinal inter-relations of the three-dimensional moral self-concept and prosocial behaviours in preschool children. Br J Dev Psychol 2024; 42:257-284. [PMID: 38483075 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Children's moral self-concept (MSC) has been proposed to relate to prosocial behaviour. However, systematic assessments of their inter-relations are scarce. Therefore, this longitudinal study investigated the development, structure and inter-relation of prosocial behaviours and the MSC in childhood, using three measurement points at ages 4, 5 and 6 years. We assessed children's MSC and helping, sharing and comforting behaviours in a laboratory setting. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three-dimensional MSC structure at 5 and 6 years, but not at 4 years. There was inconsistent stability across time points regarding prosocial behaviour and MSC. For the comforting domain, but not the other domains, cross-lagged relations between self-concept and behaviour were present. Moreover, helping behaviour and self-concept were inter-related at 6 years. Results provide support for reciprocal associations between MSC and prosocial behaviour, albeit only in the comforting domain. They highlight the importance of distinguishing between types of prosocial behaviour and corresponding dimensions of the self-concept, as different developmental trajectories and associations emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Söldner
- Department Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Paulus
- Department Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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44
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Thijssen S, Alyousefi-van Dijk K, de Waal N, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Neural processing of cry sounds in the transition to fatherhood: Effects of a prenatal intervention program and associations with paternal caregiving. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107005. [PMID: 38432043 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether neural processing of infant cry sounds changes across the transition to fatherhood (i.e., from the prenatal to postnatal period), and examined whether an interaction-based prenatal intervention modulated these changes. Furthermore, we explored whether postnatal activation in brain regions showing transition or intervention effects was associated with sensitive care and involvement. In a randomized controlled trial, 73 first-time expectant fathers were enrolled, of whom 59 had at least 1 available fMRI scan. Intervention and transition effects on cry processing were analyzed in the amygdala and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) using linear mixed effect models with all available data and with intent-to-treat analyses. Further, exploratory whole-brain analyses were performed. ROI analyses suggest that the transition to fatherhood is characterized by decreasing activation in response to cry vs control sounds in the amygdala but not SFG. Exploratory whole-brain analyses also show a decrease in activation over the transition to fatherhood in the sensorimotor cortex, superior lateral occipital cortex, hippocampus, and regions of the default mode network. In the putamen and insula, larger decreases were found in fathers with more adverse childhood caregiving experiences. In regions showing transitional changes, higher postnatal activation was associated with more concurrent parenting sensitivity. No effects of the intervention were found. The decrease in activation from the pre- to postnatal period may reflect fathers' habituation to cry sounds over repeated exposures. The positive association between postnatal neural activation and paternal sensitive care suggest that continued sensitivity to cry sounds may be conducive to parenting quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thijssen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Noor de Waal
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- ISPA - University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Phillips KE, Buinewicz SAP, Kagan E, Frank HE, Dunning E, Benito KG, Kendall PC. The Pediatric Accommodation Scale: Psychometric Evaluation of a Therapist-Report Format. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:667-679. [PMID: 36149550 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem in youth, and accommodation is prevalent among youth with anxiety disorders. The Pediatric Accommodation Scale (PAS) is an interview administered by trained evaluators and a parent-report form (PAS-PR) to assess accommodation and its impact. Both have strong psychometric properties including internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and data supporting construct validity. The present study evaluates the Pediatric Accommodation Scale - Therapist Report (PAS-TR), a therapist-reported version of the PAS-PR. Participants were 90 youth enrolled in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety. Therapists completed the PAS-TR over 16 therapy sessions. Internal consistency at baseline, convergent validity, divergent validity, and parent-therapist agreement were evaluated. Results suggest that the PAS-TR has mixed psychometric qualities suggesting that while not strong prior to the initiation of treatment, the PAS-TR may be a useful measure for therapists to rate accommodation as treatment progresses. Implications for assessment, treatment, and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Temple University, 1701 North 13th St, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Elana Kagan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Frank
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Erin Dunning
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Temple University, 1701 North 13th St, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen G Benito
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Temple University, 1701 North 13th St, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Forbes HJ, Travers JC, Vickers Johnson J. A systematic review of acquisition and mastery of skills taught using the Picture Exchange Communication System. Augment Altern Commun 2024; 40:100-114. [PMID: 38300727 DOI: 10.1080/07434618.2024.2302154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a popular augmentative and alternative communication intervention for individuals with developmental disabilities that includes six, sequential phases of instruction. We systematically reviewed published and unpublished single-case PECS studies for details about the percentage of participants mastering PECS phases, how long it took participants to master PECS phases (in trials to mastery), and what constituted mastery of PECS phases. We found most participants mastered only the first two phases of PECS, and Phases I, II, and IV showed the slowest and widest variability in trials to mastery. Moreover, participants who were taught the third PECS phase learned to select from an average array of three symbols, which may limit the range of messages they can communicate. We discuss our findings in light of a few important limitations and provide directions for future researchers along with recommendations for professionals who might consider PECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Forbes
- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jason C Travers
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenee Vickers Johnson
- Division of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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47
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Li Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Xiang S, Hu W. Addiction-Prone Personality and Creative Cognitive Styles: A Moderated Mediation Model of Novelty Seeking and Depression Tendency. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1214-1236. [PMID: 36315897 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221137239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to examine the mechanism of the impact of Addiction-Prone Personality (APP) on creative cognitive styles (idea generation, idea selection), especially to explore the mediating role of novelty seeking and the moderating role of depression tendency on the relationship between APP and creative cognitive styles. College students (N = 576, 79% female) participated in and completed measures of APP, idea generation and selection, novelty seeking, and depression tendency. Results showed that (1) APP was positively related with idea generation while negatively related with idea selection; (2) novelty seeking played a partial mediating role in the relationship between APP and idea generation and a suppressing effect between APP and idea selection; (3) depression tendency moderated the indirect relationship between APP and creative cognitive styles through novelty seeking. Therefore, APP has different indirect effects on idea generation and idea selection via novelty seeking. When there was a higher depression tendency, there was a stronger indirect effect. The study highlights the significant importance of the underlying processes between APP and creative cognitive styles and offers implications for rethinking the relationship between addiction and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- School of English Studies, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuoqi Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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48
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Kösters MP, Chinapaw MJ, Zwaanswijk M, van der Wal MF, Koot HM. Differences in Anxiety and Depression Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Primary School Children in The Netherlands. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:588-598. [PMID: 36322235 PMCID: PMC11061058 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This is the first Dutch study investigating symptoms of five DSM-IV-classified anxiety disorders and depression in a large sample of pre-adolescent children with and without a migration background, adjusting for socioeconomic position (SEP) and social preference. Both are potential explanatory factors for differences in mental health among migrant children. We measured anxiety and depression scores with the self-report Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in 2063 children (aged 8-13 years, 55% girls) in the Netherlands. Surinamese/Antillean, Turkish, and Moroccan children reported significantly higher anxiety scores than Dutch children. SEP and peer rejection partly explained higher anxiety scores. Surinamese/Antillean and Turkish children reported comparable depression scores to Dutch children, but Moroccan children reported lower depression scores after adjusting for SEP and peer rejection. Girls reported higher anxiety and depression levels across all four subgroups. Although differences between children with or without a migration background were small, these may increase in later life as the prevalence of anxiety and depression increases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia P Kösters
- Healthy Living Department, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai Jm Chinapaw
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Zwaanswijk
- Dutch Knowledge Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F van der Wal
- Healthy Living Department, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Koot
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‑ and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‑ and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Howe-Davies H, Manstead ASR, van Goozen SHM. Atypical Facial Expressivity in Young Children with Problematic Peer Relationships. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:695-704. [PMID: 36163417 PMCID: PMC11061040 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Peer problems are frequently associated with difficulties in recognizing and appraising the emotions of others. It has been argued that facial responsiveness to others' emotions-or motor empathy-is a precursor of emotion processing and affective empathy. Although mimicry impairments have been observed in studies of young people with conduct problems, to our knowledge no study has examined facial responsiveness to others' expressions in young children and examined how this relates to peer relationship problems. Four- to 7-year-old children (n = 91) with or without teacher-reported peer relationship problems (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) viewed three dynamic film clips depicting a sad, happy, or scared child, while their spontaneous facial emotional responses were assessed using iMotions software that codes the movement of facial muscles. Children displayed facial expressivity that was congruent with the emotional expressions in the clips. Groups with and without peer problems did not differ in their responses to seeing a happy child. However, children with peer problems exhibited reduced or atypical facial emotional responses to the negative emotional clips. Decreased or atypical facial expressivity to negative emotions was also associated with severity of peer problems; atypical facial responsivity to sadness and reduced facial responsivity to fear predicted peer problems independently of one another. We conclude that reduced or atypical facial expressiveness in response to other children's dynamic facial expressions is associated with problematic peer relations in young children. The implications for early identification and interventions to support prosocial development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie H M van Goozen
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Bayne AP. Self-guided Online Medical Hypnosis Program Improves Dry Nights in Children With Nocturnal Enuresis in a Prospective Single-Center Pilot Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:703-707. [PMID: 37461199 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231186690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bedwetting is a common condition in children. We evaluated the effectiveness of medical hypnosis as a first-line therapy in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). The study enrolled children in a prospective single-center pilot clinical trial consisting of 1 month diary of dry nights prior to using the commercially available hypnosis intervention (www.keepingthebeddry.com), followed by 3 consecutive months diary following intervention. Seventeen children aged 8 to 15 years old were enrolled and 12 recorded at least 1 month data after the hypnosis intervention. The median dry nights prior to intervention was 8 (0-17) days and improved to 15.5 (7-28) days by the third month post-intervention (P = .0033). All patients who completed the study showed an improvement. Self-guided medical hypnosis therapy showed significant improvement in dry nights without any side effects and any identifiable risk to patients. It should be considered for use in children as first-line therapy for PMNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Bayne
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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