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Jing XY, Wang Y, Zou HW, Li ZL, Liu YJ, Li LF. mGlu2/3 receptor in the prelimbic cortex is implicated in stress resilience and vulnerability in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174231. [PMID: 34090896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, referring to "achieving a positive outcome in the face of adversity", is a common phenomenon in daily life. Elucidating the mechanisms of stress resilience is instrumental to developing more effective treatments for stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2/3 and mGlu5) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been recently recognized as promising therapeutic targets for rapid-acting antidepressant treatment. In this study, we assessed the functional roles of the mGlu2/3 and mGlu5 within different subregions of the mPFC in modulating stress resilience and vulnerability by using chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigms in mice. Our results showed that approximately 51.6% of the subjects exhibited depression- or anxiety-like behaviors after exposure to CSDS. When a susceptible mouse was confronted with an attacker, c-Fos expression in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) subregion of the mPFC substantially increased. Compared with the resilient and control groups, the expression of mGlu2/3 was elevated in the PrL of the susceptible group. The expression of mGlu5 showed no significant difference among the three groups in the whole mPFC. Finally, we found that the social avoidance symptoms of the susceptible mice were rapidly relieved by intra-PrL administration of LY341495-an mGluR2/3 antagonists. The above results indicate that mGluR2/3 within the PrL may play an important regulatory role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Our results are meaningful, as they expand our understanding of stress resilience and vulnerability which may open an avenue to develop novel, personalized approaches to mitigate depression and promote stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Jing
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Hua-Wei Zou
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Ying-Juan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Lai-Fu Li
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, Nanyang Normal Univerity, Nanyang, 473061, China.
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Klune CB, Jin B, DeNardo LA. Linking mPFC circuit maturation to the developmental regulation of emotional memory and cognitive flexibility. eLife 2021; 10:e64567. [PMID: 33949949 PMCID: PMC8099425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and its abundant connections with other brain regions play key roles in memory, cognition, decision making, social behaviors, and mood. Dysfunction in mPFC is implicated in psychiatric disorders in which these behaviors go awry. The prolonged maturation of mPFC likely enables complex behaviors to emerge, but also increases their vulnerability to disruption. Many foundational studies have characterized either mPFC synaptic or behavioral development without establishing connections between them. Here, we review this rich body of literature, aligning major events in mPFC development with the maturation of complex behaviors. We focus on emotional memory and cognitive flexibility, and highlight new work linking mPFC circuit disruption to alterations of these behaviors in disease models. We advance new hypotheses about the causal connections between mPFC synaptic development and behavioral maturation and propose research strategies to establish an integrated understanding of neural architecture and behavioral repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Klune
- Physiology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Benita Jin
- Physiology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Laura A DeNardo
- Physiology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
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Wang D, Wang W, Jiang S, Ma H, Lian H, Meng F, Liu J, Cui M, You J, Liu C, Zhao D, Hu F, Liu D, Li C. Regulation of depression-related behaviors by GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum through periaqueductal gray neuronal projections. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:202-214. [PMID: 33691232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and widespread mental illness worldwide. The abnormality of neuronal networks may contribute to the etiology of MDD. However, the neural connections underlying the main symptoms of MDD need further elucidation. Here, we found that GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum (LS) were activated by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), with increased numbers of ΔFosB-labeled neurons. LS neuronal activity was modulated using a chemogenetic approach. Activation of LS neurons caused a depressive phenotype, as shown by increased immobility in the forced swim test, and induced increased susceptibility to subthreshold chronic stress, as indicated by decreased female urine sniffing time and preference for sucrose in depression-related behavior detection, whereas suppression of LS neuronal activity induced an antidepressant effect under basal and stressed conditions. Moreover, we found that the LS showed strong neuronal projections to the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG); activation of dPAG-projecting GABAergic neurons in the LS produced the same depressive behaviors and stress susceptibility as induced by the activation of the majority of LS GABAergic neurons. Finally, we found that activation of neuronal fibers in the dPAG derived from the LS showed depression-related behaviors, as suggested by the decreased female urine sniffing time and sucrose preference in female urine sniffing and sucrose preference tests respectively. Our findings indicate that LS is a key depression-controlling nucleus, and that the LS-PAG projection is an essential effector circuit for morbidity and treatment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing You
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fengai Hu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Dunjiang Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
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Carboni E, Carta AR, Carboni E, Novelli A. Repurposing Ketamine in Depression and Related Disorders: Can This Enigmatic Drug Achieve Success? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657714. [PMID: 33994933 PMCID: PMC8120160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing ketamine in the therapy of depression could well represent a breakthrough in understanding the etiology of depression. Ketamine was originally used as an anesthetic drug and later its use was extended to other therapeutic applications such as analgesia and the treatment of addiction. At the same time, the abuse of ketamine as a recreational drug has generated a concern for its psychotropic and potential long-term effects; nevertheless, its use as a fast acting antidepressant in treatment-resistant patients has boosted the interest in the mechanism of action both in psychiatry and in the wider area of neuroscience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actions of ketamine and intends to cover: (i) the evaluation of its clinical use in the treatment of depression and suicidal behavior; (ii) the potential use of ketamine in pediatrics; (iii) a description of its mechanism of action; (iv) the involvement of specific brain areas in producing antidepressant effects; (v) the potential interaction of ketamine with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; (vi) the effect of ketamine on neuronal transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and on its output; (vii) the evaluation of any gender-dependent effects of ketamine; (viii) the interaction of ketamine with the inflammatory processes involved in depression; (ix) the evaluation of the effects observed with single or repeated administration; (x) a description of any adverse or cognitive effects and its abuse potential. Finally, this review attempts to assess whether ketamine's use in depression can improve our knowledge of the etiopathology of depression and whether its therapeutic effect can be considered an actual cure for depression rather than a therapy merely aimed to control the symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Carboni
- Unit of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonello Novelli
- Department of Psychology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Sanitary Institute of the Princedom of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Oligophrenin-1 moderates behavioral responses to stress by regulating parvalbumin interneuron activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:1636-1656.e8. [PMID: 33831348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at increased risk of developing stress-related behavioral problems and mood disorders, yet a mechanistic explanation for such a link remains largely elusive. Here, we focused on characterizing the syndromic ID gene oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1). We find that Ophn1 deficiency in mice markedly enhances helpless/depressive-like behavior in the face of repeated/uncontrollable stress. Strikingly, Ophn1 deletion exclusively in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL-mPFC) is sufficient to induce helplessness. This behavioral phenotype is mediated by a diminished excitatory drive onto Ophn1-deficient PL-mPFC PV interneurons, leading to hyperactivity in this region. Importantly, suppressing neuronal activity or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling in the PL-mPFC reverses helpless behavior. Our results identify OPHN1 as a critical regulator of adaptive behavioral responses to stress and shed light onto the mechanistic links among OPHN1 genetic deficits, mPFC circuit dysfunction, and abnormalities in stress-related behaviors.
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Giannantoni A, Gubbiotti M, Balzarro M, Rubilotta E. Resilience in the face of pelvic pain: A pilot study in males and females affected by urologic chronic pelvic pain. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:1011-1020. [PMID: 33764614 PMCID: PMC8252554 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Resilience represents a fundamental element in the experience of pain, as it allows adaptation to suffering and increases psychological social well-being and quality of life (QoL). We investigated resilience in patients affected by urologic chronic pelvic pain (UCPP) and the relationships with pain severity and distribution, catastrophizing and psychological distress. METHODS Forty-eight consecutive UCPP patients were classified on a pain body map as being affected by pelvic pain only or widespread pain (WP), and underwent the evaluation of resilience with the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14), with higher scores indicating high resilience levels; scores < 56 denote very poor resilience. Pelvic and nonpelvic pain intensity and the bother of urinary symptoms on QoL were measured by means of Pain Numerical Rating Scale (PNRS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) investigated catastrophizing and psychological conditions. RESULTS Overall, RS-14 mean ± SD total score was 50.2 ± 12.5 in patients with pelvic pain only and 40.2 ± 10.2 in those with WP. Significant relationships were observed between low resilience levels and high scores of pelvic and nonpelvic PNRS, VAS, pain catastrophizing scale and depression and anxiety, stress scale (for all: p < 0.001). Significantly lower RS-14 scores were detected in females and in patients with WP. CONCLUSIONS A very poor resilience has been identified in UCPP patients, particularly in those with greater catastrophizing and mood alterations. WP and female gender were mostly affected. In UCPP patients, low resilience appears as a crucial factor in pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Giannantoni
- Functional and Surgical Urology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and NeurosciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
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Zou HW, Li ZL, Jing XY, Wang Y, Liu YJ, Li LF. The GABA(B1) receptor within the infralimbic cortex is implicated in stress resilience and vulnerability in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113240. [PMID: 33727046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the capacity to maintain normal psychological and physical functions in the face of stress and adversity. Understanding how one can develop and enhance resilience is of great relevance to not only promoting coping mechanisms but also mitigating maladaptive stress responses in psychiatric illnesses such as depression. Preclinical studies suggest that GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B1) and GABA(B2)) are potential targets for the treatment of major depression. In this study, we assessed the functional role of GABA(B) receptors in stress resilience and vulnerability by using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in mice. As the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in the top-down modulation of stress responses, we focused our study on this brain structure. Our results showed that only approximately 41.9% of subjects exhibited anxiety- or despair-like behaviors after exposure to CUS. The vulnerable mice showed higher c-Fos expression in the infralimbic cortex (IL) subregion of the mPFC when exposed to a social stressor. Moreover, the expression of GABA(B1) but not GABA(B2) receptors was significantly downregulated in IL subregion of susceptible mice. Finally, we found that intra-IL administration of baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, rapidly relieved the social avoidance symptoms of the "stress-susceptible" mice. Taken together, our results show that the GABA(B1) receptor within the IL may play an important role in stress resilience and vulnerability, and thus open an avenue to develop novel, personalized approaches to promote stress resilience and treat stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Ying-Juan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Lai-Fu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
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Elhussiny MEA, Carini G, Mingardi J, Tornese P, Sala N, Bono F, Fiorentini C, La Via L, Popoli M, Musazzi L, Barbon A. Modulation by chronic stress and ketamine of ionotropic AMPA/NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110033. [PMID: 32640261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Converging clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that dysfunction of the glutamate system is a core feature of major depressive disorder. In this context, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has raised growing interest as fast acting antidepressant. Using the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depression, performed in male rats, we aimed at analyzing whether hippocampal specific changes in subunit expression and regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) or NMDA ionotropic receptors and in metabotropic glutamate receptors could be associated with behavioral vulnerability/resilience to CMS. We also assessed whether acute ketamine (10 mg/kg) was able to dampen the alterations in CMS vulnerable animals. Although chronic stress and ketamine had no effect on ionotropic glutamate receptors mRNAs (expression, RNA editing and splicing), we found selective modulations in their protein expression, phosphorylation and localization at synaptic membranes. AMPA GluA2 expression at synaptic membranes was significantly increased only in CMS resilient rats (although a trend was found also in vulnerable animals), while its phosphorylation at Ser880 was higher in both CMS resilient and vulnerable rats, a change partially dampened by ketamine. In the hippocampus from all stressed groups, despite NMDA receptor expression levels were reduced in total extract, the levels of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors were remarkably increased in synaptic membranes. Finally, mGlu2 underwent a selective downregulation in stress vulnerable animals, which was completely restored by acute ketamine. Overall, these results are in line with a hypofunction of activity-dependent glutamatergic synaptic transmission induced by chronic stress exposure in all the animals, as suggested by the alterations of ionotropic glutamate receptors expression and localization at synaptic level. At the same time, the selective modulation of mGlu2 receptor, confirms its previously hypothesized functional role in regulating stress vulnerability and, for the first time here, suggests a mGlu2 involvement in the fast antidepressant effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E A Elhussiny
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Sala
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Herzog DP, Pascual Cuadrado D, Treccani G, Jene T, Opitz V, Hasch A, Lutz B, Lieb K, Sillaber I, van der Kooij MA, Tiwari VK, Müller MB. A distinct transcriptional signature of antidepressant response in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 33414410 PMCID: PMC7791134 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is the most prevalent mental illness worldwide, still its pharmacological treatment is limited by various challenges, such as the large heterogeneity in treatment response and the lack of insight into the neurobiological pathways underlying this phenomenon. To decode the molecular mechanisms shaping antidepressant response and to distinguish those from general paroxetine effects, we used a previously established approach targeting extremes (i.e., good vs poor responder mice). We focused on the dentate gyrus (DG), a subregion of major interest in the context of antidepressant mechanisms. Transcriptome profiling on micro-dissected DG granule cells was performed to (i) reveal cell-type-specific changes in paroxetine-induced gene expression (paroxetine vs vehicle) and (ii) to identify molecular signatures of treatment response within a cohort of paroxetine-treated animals. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes associated with paroxetine treatment. The extreme group comparison (good vs poor responder) yielded 211 differentially expressed genes. General paroxetine effects could be distinguished from treatment response-associated molecular signatures, with a differential gene expression overlap of only 4.6% (15 genes). Biological pathway enrichment and cluster analyses identified candidate mechanisms associated with good treatment response, e.g., neuropeptide signaling, synaptic transmission, calcium signaling, and regulation of glucocorticoid secretion. Finally, we examined glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent regulation of selected response-associated genes to analyze a hypothesized interplay between GR signaling and good antidepressant treatment response. Among the most promising candidates, we suggest potential targets such as the developmental gene Otx2 or Htr2c for further investigations into antidepressant treatment response in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Herzog
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diego Pascual Cuadrado
- grid.410607.4Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Treccani
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Institute of Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Jene
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Opitz
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Hasch
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael A. van der Kooij
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institute of Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marianne B. Müller
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Calarco CA, Lobo MK. Depression and substance use disorders: Clinical comorbidity and shared neurobiology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:245-309. [PMID: 33648671 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), are the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses, and pose an incredible burden to society, both in terms of disability and in terms of costs associated with medical care and lost work time. MDD has extremely high rates of comorbidity with substance use disorders (SUD) as many of the same neurobiological circuits and molecular mechanisms regulate the reward pathways disrupted in both conditions. MDD may induce SUDs, SUD may contribute to MDD development, or underlying vulnerabilities and common life experience may confer risk to developing both conditions. In this chapter we explore theories of MDD and SUD comorbidity, the neurobiological underpinnings of depression, overlapping cellular and molecular pathways for both conditions, and current treatment approaches for these comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Buskila Y, Chen-Levi T, Buskila D, Jacob G, Ablin JJ. Effects of Workplace-Related Factors on the Prevalence of Fibromyalgia among Israeli Kindergarten Teachers. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:3864571. [PMID: 33149798 PMCID: PMC7603625 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3864571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a chronic widespread pain disorder, has been associated with various models of stress, including those that are workplace-related. In a previous study, we have documented the significantly increased prevalence of FMS among schoolteachers, as well as correlating symptoms with stressful workplace-related factors. In the current study, we have focused on the specific population of kindergarten teachers and attempted to document both the prevalence of FMS symptoms among this group and the association with stress and symptoms of posttrauma. Methods All participants in the study were working as kindergarten teachers in Israel at the time of the study. Participants responded to a questionnaire documenting FMS symptom, which included the widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity scale (SSS), which together constitute the suggested American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FMS diagnostic criteria. Additional items on the questionnaire documented work motivation and performance, the occurrence of workplace-related stressful events, and the presence of posttraumatic symptoms. Results 242 participants were recruited to the current study, including 239 (98.8%) females and 3 (1.2%) males. 62 individuals (25.6%) were found to fulfill ACR FMS criteria. Significant differences in work performance were found between teachers fulfilling FMS criteria compared with those not fulfilling criteria. Thus, FMS-positive teachers reported significantly higher rates of missing workdays, leaving work early, and a lower quality of interaction with children in the kindergarten and with peers and supervisors. Motivation to work was also significantly lower among these individuals. The widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity scale (SSS), which together constitute the components of the FMS diagnostic criteria, were positively correlated with both stress and posttraumatic symptoms. In addition, widespread pain, disordered sleep, difficulty with concentration, and other FMS symptoms were strongly correlated with many specific stressful factors at the workplace, including the number of children in the kindergarten, interaction with parents, lack of optimal physical conditions in the classrooms, and various demands on behalf of the educational system. Conclusion FMS symptoms were found to be highly prevalent among Israeli kindergarten teachers, at a rate that greatly exceeds the prevalence in the general Israeli population. Stressful work-related events appear to be positively associated with the occurrence of FMS symptoms and may serve as triggers for their development. Healthcare professionals treating individuals engaged in this occupation should be vigilant for the occurrence of symptoms that are clinically associated with FMS and overlapping functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafa Buskila
- Orot Israel College of Education, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Dan Buskila
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheeba, Israel
| | - Giris Jacob
- Internal Medicine F, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv & Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob J. Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv & Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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63
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Sokolowska E, Viitanen R, Misiewicz Z, Mennesson M, Saarnio S, Kulesskaya N, Kängsep S, Liljenbäck H, Marjamäki P, Autio A, Callan SA, Nuutila P, Roivainen A, Partonen T, Hovatta I. The circadian gene Cryptochrome 2 influences stress-induced brain activity and depressive-like behavior in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12708. [PMID: 33070440 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) is a core clock gene important for circadian regulation. It has also been associated with anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in mice, but the previous findings have been conflicting in terms of the direction of the effect. To begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this association, we carried out behavioral testing, PET imaging, and gene expression analysis of Cry2-/- and Cry2+/+ mice. Compared to Cry2+/+ mice, we found that Cry2-/- mice spent less time immobile in the forced swim test, suggesting reduced despair-like behavior. Moreover, Cry2-/- mice had lower saccharin preference, indicative of increased anhedonia. In contrast, we observed no group differences in anxiety-like behavior. The behavioral changes were accompanied by lower metabolic activity of the ventro-medial hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nuclei, ventral tegmental area, anterior and medial striatum, substantia nigra, and habenula after cold stress as measured by PET imaging with a glucose analog. Although the expression of many depression-associated and metabolic genes was upregulated or downregulated by cold stress, we observed no differences between Cry2-/- and Cry2+/+ mice. These findings are consistent with other studies showing that Cry2 is required for normal emotional behavior. Our findings confirm previous roles of Cry2 in behavior and extend them by showing that the effects on behavior may be mediated by changes in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sokolowska
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Zuzanna Misiewicz
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Mennesson
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Saarnio
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Kulesskaya
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Kängsep
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija-Anita Callan
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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64
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Italia M, Forastieri C, Longaretti A, Battaglioli E, Rusconi F. Rationale, Relevance, and Limits of Stress-Induced Psychopathology in Rodents as Models for Psychiatry Research: An Introductory Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7455. [PMID: 33050350 PMCID: PMC7589795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional and cognitive information processing represent higher-order brain functions. They require coordinated interaction of specialized brain areas via a complex spatial and temporal equilibrium among neuronal cell-autonomous, circuitry, and network mechanisms. The delicate balance can be corrupted by stressful experiences, increasing the risk of developing psychopathologies in vulnerable individuals. Neuropsychiatric disorders affect twenty percent of the western world population, but therapies are still not effective for some patients. Elusive knowledge of molecular pathomechanisms and scarcity of objective biomarkers in humans present complex challenges, while the adoption of rodent models helps to improve our understanding of disease correlate and aids the search for novel pharmacological targets. Stress administration represents a strategy to induce, trace, and modify molecular and behavioral endophenotypes of mood disorders in animals. However, a mouse or rat model will only display one or a few endophenotypes of a specific human psychopathology, which cannot be in any case recapitulated as a whole. To override this issue, shared criteria have been adopted to deconstruct neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., depression, into specific behavioral aspects, and inherent neurobiological substrates, also recognizable in lower mammals. In this work, we provide a rationale for rodent models of stress administration. In particular, comparing each rodent model with a real-life human traumatic experience, we intend to suggest an introductive guide to better comprehend and interpret these paradigms.
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65
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Yang S, Boudier-Revéret M, Choo YJ, Chang MC. Association between Chronic Pain and Alterations in the Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100701. [PMID: 33023226 PMCID: PMC7600461 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain (pain lasting for >3 months) decreases patient quality of life and even occupational abilities. It can be controlled by treatment, but often persists even after management. To properly control pain, its underlying mechanisms must be determined. This review outlines the role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in chronic pain. The mesolimbic system, a neural circuit, delivers dopamine from the ventral tegmental area to neural structures such as the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala. It controls executive, affective, and motivational functions. Chronic pain patients suffer from low dopamine production and delivery in this system. The volumes of structures constituting the mesolimbic system are known to be decreased in such patients. Studies on administration of dopaminergic drugs to control chronic pain, with a focus on increasing low dopamine levels in the mesolimbic system, show that it is effective in patients with Parkinson’s disease, restless legs syndrome, fibromyalgia, dry mouth syndrome, lumbar radicular pain, and chronic back pain. However, very few studies have confirmed these effects, and dopaminergic drugs are not commonly used to treat the various diseases causing chronic pain. Thus, further studies are required to determine the effectiveness of such treatment for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyon Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Woman’s University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman’s University School of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Mathieu Boudier-Revéret
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1T8, Canada;
| | - Yoo Jin Choo
- Production R&D Division Advanced Interdisciplinary Team, Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Deagu 41061, Korea;
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence:
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66
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Abdallah MS, Mosalam EM, Zidan AAA, Elattar KS, Zaki SA, Ramadan AN, Ebeid AM. The Antidiabetic Metformin as an Adjunct to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1897-1906. [PMID: 32500486 PMCID: PMC7851215 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) has been reported to have antidepressant effects in animal models and in diabetic patients with depression, owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity. Accordingly, we proposed that MET would show antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) without other comorbidities. In this double-blind placebo-controlled study, 80 adult outpatients with MDD (DSM-IV criteria) and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score >18 were randomized to receive fluoxetine 20 mg once daily plus placebo (n = 40) or fluoxetine 20 mg once daily plus MET 1000 mg once daily for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed by HAM-D score (weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12). The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IGF-1, MDA, CRP, BDNF, and serotonin were measured before and after therapy. Mixed-effects model repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used to compare the HAM-D scores and the biological markers between the two groups. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, patients in the MET group showed a statistically significant decline in HAM-D score relative to the placebo group (least squares mean difference [LSMD] -2.347, p = 0.000, LSMD -3.369, p = 0.000, and LSMD -3.454, p = 0.000, respectively). Response and remission rates were significantly higher in the MET group (89% and 81%, respectively) than in the placebo group (59% and 46%, respectively). Moreover, the MET group was superior in conserving the measured biological markers compared with the placebo group. Our findings suggest MET as a promising, effective, and safe short-term adjunctive approach in nondiabetic MDD patients. Trial registration ID: NCT04088448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Mosalam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A Zidan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour & Center of Excellence in Cancer Research (CECR), Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khaled S Elattar
- Consultant of Psychiatry & Private Psychiatric Hospital Manager, 10th of Ramadan, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Zaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ramadan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Abla M Ebeid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasaa, Egypt
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67
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Resilience to Stress and Resilience to Pain: Lessons from Molecular Neurobiology and Genetics. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:924-935. [PMID: 32976800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
What biological factors account for resilience to pain or to behavioral stress? Here, we discuss examples of cellular and molecular mechanisms within disparate parts of the nervous system as contributors to such resilience. In some especially well-studied humans, it is possible to identify particular neuronal cell types in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and pinpoint specific genes that are major contributors to pain resilience. We also discuss more complex factors that operate within the central nervous system (CNS) to confer resilience to behavioral stress. We propose that genetic and neurobiological substrates for resilience are discoverable and suggest more generally that neurology and psychiatry hold lessons for each other as investigators search for actionable, biological underpinnings of disease.
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68
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Francis-Oliveira J, Shieh IC, Vilar Higa GS, Barbosa MA, De Pasquale R. Maternal separation induces changes in TREK-1 and 5HT 1A expression in brain areas involved in the stress response in a sex-dependent way. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112909. [PMID: 32949645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease in modern society, and has been linked to stressful events at early ages. Women are more susceptible to depression, and the neural basis for this are still under investigation. Serotonin is known to be involved in depression, and a decrease in 5HT1A expression is observed on temporal and cortical areas in both men and women with depression. As knockout animals for TREK-1 are resilient to depression, this channel has emerged as a new potential pharmacological target for depression treatment. In this study, maternal separation (MS) was used to emulate early-life stress, and evaluate behaviour, as well as TREK-1 and 5HT1A expression in the brain using immunohistochemistry. In juvenile females, 5HT1A reduction coupled to increased TREK-1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) was associated with behavioural despair, as well as increased TREK-1 expression in basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic cortex (PL). In juvenile males, MS induced an increase in 5HT1A in the BLA, and in TREK-1 in the PL, while no behavioural despair was observed. Anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviour were not induced by MS. We conclude stress-induced increase in TREK-1 in PL and GD is associated to depression, while 5HT1A changes coupled to TREK-1 changes may be necessary to induce depression, with females being more vulnerable to MS effects than males. Thus, TREK-1 and 5HT1A may be potential pharmacological targets for antidepressants development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis-Oliveira
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - I C Shieh
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G S Vilar Higa
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Mathematics Computation Cognition Center, Rua Arcturus 03, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Barbosa
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R De Pasquale
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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69
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Grupe M, Bentzen BH, Benned-Jensen T, Nielsen V, Frederiksen K, Jensen HS, Jacobsen AM, Skibsbye L, Sams AG, Grunnet M, Rottländer M, Bastlund JF. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Lu AA41178: A novel, brain penetrant, pan-selective Kv7 potassium channel opener with efficacy in preclinical models of epileptic seizures and psychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173440. [PMID: 32745603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the voltage-gated Kv7 channels holds therapeutic promise in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and depression. Here, we present a pharmacological characterization of Lu AA41178, a novel, pan-selective Kv7.2-7.5 opener, using both in vitro assays and a broad range of in vivo assays with relevance to epilepsy, schizophrenia, and depression. Electrophysiological characterization in Xenopus oocytes expressing human Kv7.2-Kv7.5 confirmed Lu AA41178 as a pan-selective opener of Kv7 channels by significantly left-shifting the activation threshold. Additionally, Lu AA41178 was tested in vitro for off-target effects, demonstrating a clean Kv7-selective profile, with no impact on common cardiac ion channels, and no potentiating activity on GABAA channels. Lu AA41178 was evaluated across preclinical in vivo assays with relevance to neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the maximum electroshock seizure threshold test and PTZ seizure threshold test, Lu AA41178 significantly increased the seizure thresholds in mice, demonstrating anticonvulsant efficacy. Lu AA41178 demonstrated antipsychotic-like activity by reducing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice as well as lowering conditioned avoidance responses in rats. In the mouse forced swim test, a model with antidepressant predictivity, Lu AA41178 significantly reduced immobility. Additionally, behavioral effects typically observed with Kv7 openers was also characterized. In vivo assays were accompanied by plasma and brain exposures, revealing minimum effective plasma levels <1000 ng/ml. Lu AA41178, a potent opener of neuronal Kv7 channels demonstrate efficacy in assays of epilepsy, schizophrenia and depression and might serve as a valuable tool for exploring the role of Kv7 channels in both neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Grupe
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Rottländer
- CMC Outsourcing, Novo Nordisk A/S, Smoermosevej 17-19, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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70
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Antontseva E, Bondar N, Reshetnikov V, Merkulova T. The Effects of Chronic Stress on Brain Myelination in Humans and in Various Rodent Models. Neuroscience 2020; 441:226-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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71
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Yang M, Ding Q, Zhang M, Moon C, Wang H. Forebrain overexpression of type 1 adenylyl cyclase promotes molecular stability and behavioral resilience to physical stress. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100237. [PMID: 33344693 PMCID: PMC7739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to cope with stress is essential for emotional stability and mental health. It is also hypothesized that factors promoting resilience to stress may offer treatment strategies for maladaptive disorders such as anxiety and depression. Here, we find that physical restraint reduces the expression of type 1 adenylyl cyclase (Adcy1), a neurospecific synaptic enzyme that positively regulates the cAMP signaling cascade. Conversely, an increase of forebrain Adcy1 expression in transgenic mouse (i.e., Adcy1 tg mouse) predisposes individuals to molecular stability and behavioral resilience. Transgenic overexpression of Adcy1 prevents the physical restraint-induced down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Further, Adcy1 tg mice maintain regular locomotive activity in novelty exploration and voluntary wheel running following physical restraint. Adcy1 tg mice show higher corticosterone and lower basal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, along with a higher MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) to GR ratio in the hippocampus. Further, Adcy1 tg mice show reduced immobility under acute physical stress conditions in the forced swimming test and are more sensitive to the antidepressant desipramine. Our results demonstrate a novel function of Adcy1 in stress coping and suggest Adcy1 as a potential target to antagonize stress vulnerability and promote antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Yang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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72
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Abstract
Resilience - a key topic in clinical science and practice - still lacks a clear conceptualization that integrates its evolutionary and human-specific features, refrains from exclusive focus on fear physiology, incorporates a developmental approach, and, most importantly, is not based on the negation (i.e., absence of symptoms following trauma). Building on the initial condition of mammals, whose brain matures in the context of the mother's body and caregiving behavior, we argue that systems and processes that participate in tuning the brain to the social ecology and adapting to its hardships mark the construct of resilience. These include the oxytocin system, the affiliative brain, and biobehavioral synchrony, all characterized by great flexibility across phylogenesis and ontogenesis. Three core features of resilience are outlined: plasticity, sociality and meaning. Mechanisms of sociality by which coordinated action supports diversity, endurance and adaptation are described across animal evolution. Humans' biobehavioral synchrony matures from maternal attuned behavior in the postpartum to adult-adult relationships of empathy, perspective-taking and intimacy, and extends from the mother-child relationship to other affiliative bonds throughout life, charting a fundamental trajectory in the development of resilience. Findings from three high-risk cohorts, each tapping a distinct disruption to maternal-infant bonding (prematurity, maternal depression, and early life stress/trauma), and followed from birth to adolescence/young adulthood, demonstrate how components of the neurobiology of affiliation confer resilience and uniquely shape the social brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Feldman
- Interdisciplinary CenterHerzliyaIsrael,Yale Child Study CenterUniversity of YaleNew HavenCTUSA
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73
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Tan A, Costi S, Morris LS, Van Dam NT, Kautz M, Whitton AE, Friedman AK, Collins KA, Ahle G, Chadha N, Do B, Pizzagalli DA, Iosifescu DV, Nestler EJ, Han MH, Murrough JW. Effects of the KCNQ channel opener ezogabine on functional connectivity of the ventral striatum and clinical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1323-1333. [PMID: 30385872 PMCID: PMC6494706 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet current treatment strategies remain limited in their mechanistic diversity. Recent evidence has highlighted a promising novel pharmaceutical target-the KCNQ-type potassium channel-for the treatment of depressive disorders, which may exert a therapeutic effect via functional changes within the brain reward system, including the ventral striatum. The current study assessed the effects of the KCNQ channel opener ezogabine (also known as retigabine) on reward circuitry and clinical symptoms in patients with MDD. Eighteen medication-free individuals with MDD currently in a major depressive episode were enrolled in an open-label study and received ezogabine up to 900 mg/day orally over the course of 10 weeks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected at baseline and posttreatment to examine brain reward circuitry. Reward learning was measured using a computerized probabilistic reward task. After treatment with ezogabine, subjects exhibited a significant reduction of depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score change: -13.7 ± 9.7, p < 0.001, d = 2.08) and anhedonic symptoms (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale score change: -6.1 ± 5.3, p < 0.001, d = 1.00), which remained significant even after controlling for overall depression severity. Improvement in depression was associated with decreased functional connectivity between the ventral caudate and clusters within the mid-cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex (n = 14, voxel-wise p < 0.005). In addition, a subgroup of patients tested with a probabilistic reward task (n = 9) showed increased reward learning following treatment. These findings highlight the KCNQ-type potassium channel as a promising target for future drug discovery efforts in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Costi
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurel S. Morris
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Van Dam
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marin Kautz
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Allyson K. Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A. Collins
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Ahle
- Department of Psychology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nisha Chadha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Do
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James W. Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,To Whom Correspondence Should Be Addressed: James Murrough, M.D., Ph.D., Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA, Ph: (212) 241-7574, Fax: (212) 241-3354,
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74
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Guevara CA, Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kezunovic N, LeClair K, Conway AP, Menard C, Flanigan ME, Pfau M, Russo SJ, Benson DL, Huntley GW. LRRK2 mutation alters behavioral, synaptic, and nonsynaptic adaptations to acute social stress. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2382-2389. [PMID: 32374202 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00137.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) risk is increased by stress and certain gene mutations, including the most prevalent PD-linked mutation LRRK2-G2019S. Both PD and stress increase risk for psychiatric symptoms, yet it is unclear how PD-risk genes alter neural circuitry in response to stress that may promote psychopathology. Here we show significant differences between adult G2019S knockin and wild-type (wt) mice in stress-induced behaviors, with an unexpected uncoupling of depression-like and hedonia-like responses in G2019S mice. Moreover, mutant spiny projection neurons in nucleus accumbens (NAc) lack an adaptive, stress-induced change in excitability displayed by wt neurons, and instead show stress-induced changes in synaptic properties that wt neurons lack. Some synaptic alterations in NAc are already evident early in postnatal life. Thus G2019S alters the magnitude and direction of behavioral responses to stress that may reflect unique modifications of adaptive plasticity in cells and circuits implicated in psychopathology in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Depression is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and environmental stress is a risk factor for both. We investigated how LRRK2-G2019S PD mutation affects depression-like behaviors, synaptic function, and intrinsic neuronal excitability following stress. In response to stress, the mutation drives abnormal synaptic changes, prevents adaptive changes in intrinsic excitability, and leads to aberrant behaviors, thus defining new ways in which PD mutations derail adaptive plasticity in response to stress that may contribute to disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Guevara
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bridget A Matikainen-Ankney
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nebojsa Kezunovic
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katherine LeClair
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander P Conway
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Menard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Madeline Pfau
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deanna L Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - George W Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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75
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Rusconi F, Battaglioli E, Venturin M. Psychiatric Disorders and lncRNAs: A Synaptic Match. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093030. [PMID: 32344798 PMCID: PMC7246907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a heterogeneous class of multifactorial mental diseases whose origin entails a pathogenic integration of genetic and environmental influences. Incidence of these pathologies is dangerously high, as more than 20% of the Western population is affected. Despite the diverse origins of specific molecular dysfunctions, these pathologies entail disruption of fine synaptic regulation, which is fundamental to behavioral adaptation to the environment. The synapses, as functional units of cognition, represent major evolutionary targets. Consistently, fine synaptic tuning occurs at several levels, involving a novel class of molecular regulators known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Non-coding RNAs operate mainly in mammals as epigenetic modifiers and enhancers of proteome diversity. The prominent evolutionary expansion of the gene number of lncRNAs in mammals, particularly in primates and humans, and their preferential neuronal expression does represent a driving force that enhanced the layering of synaptic control mechanisms. In the last few years, remarkable alterations of the expression of lncRNAs have been reported in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, autism, and depression, suggesting unprecedented mechanistic insights into disruption of fine synaptic tuning underlying severe behavioral manifestations of psychosis. In this review, we integrate literature data from rodent pathological models and human evidence that proposes the biology of lncRNAs as a promising field of neuropsychiatric investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rusconi
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30445 (F.R.); +39-02-503-30443 (M.V.)
| | | | - Marco Venturin
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30445 (F.R.); +39-02-503-30443 (M.V.)
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76
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Kochanowska-Karamyan AJ, Araujo HC, Zhang X, El-Alfy A, Carvalho P, Avery MA, Holmbo SD, Magolan J, Hamann MT. Isolation and Synthesis of Veranamine, an Antidepressant Lead from the Marine Sponge Verongula rigida. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1092-1098. [PMID: 32227883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural product veranamine was isolated from the marine sponge Verongula rigida. It contains a unique heterocyclic scaffold and demonstrates in vivo antidepressant activity and selective affinity for 5HT2B and sigma-1 receptors. The first total synthesis of veranamine is reported. Our scalable synthesis offers veranamine in six steps and 25% yield via an unprecedented vinylogous Pictet-Gams pyridine formation strategy. Veranamine is a promising new lead compound for antidepressant drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Kochanowska-Karamyan
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University HSC, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Hugo C Araujo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Abir El-Alfy
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas 78209, United States
| | - Mitchell A Avery
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Stephen D Holmbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Jakob Magolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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77
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Longaretti A, Forastieri C, Gabaglio M, Rubino T, Battaglioli E, Rusconi F. Termination of acute stress response by the endocannabinoid system is regulated through lysine-specific demethylase 1-mediated transcriptional repression of 2-AG hydrolases ABHD6 and MAGL. J Neurochem 2020; 155:98-110. [PMID: 32141088 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute environmental stress rarely implies long-lasting neurophysiological and behavioral alterations. On the contrary, chronic stress exerts a potent toxic effect at the glutamatergic synapse whose altered physiology has been recognized as a core trait of neuropsychiatric disorders. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the homeostatic response to acute stress. In particular, stress induces synthesis of endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG). 2-AG stimulates presynaptic cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor contributing to stress response termination through inhibition of glutamate release, restraining thereafter anxiety arousal. We employ mouse models of stress response coupled to gene expression analyses, unravelling that in response to acute psychosocial stress in the mouse hippocampus, ECS-mediated synaptic modulation is enhanced via transcriptional repression of two enzymes involved in 2-AG degradation: α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Such a process is orchestrated by the epigenetic corepressor LSD1 who directly interacts with promoter regulatory regions of Abhd6 and Magl. Remarkably, negative transcriptional control of Abhd6 and Magl is lost in the hippocampus upon chronic psychosocial stress, possibly contributing to trauma-induced drift of synapse physiology toward uncontrolled glutamate transmission. We previously showed that in mice lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) increases its hippocampal expression in response to psychosocial stress preventing excessive consolidation of anxiety-related plasticity. In this work, we unravel a nodal epigenetic modulation of eCB turn over, shedding new light on the molecular substrate of converging stress-terminating effects displayed by ECS and LSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Longaretti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Chiara Forastieri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Marina Gabaglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Elena Battaglioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Francesco Rusconi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
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78
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Huntley GW, Benson DL. Origins of Parkinson's Disease in Brain Development: Insights From Early and Persistent Effects of LRRK2-G2019S on Striatal Circuits. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:265. [PMID: 32273839 PMCID: PMC7113397 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) is dominated clinically and experimentally by a focus on dopamine neuron degeneration and ensuing motor system abnormalities. There are, additionally, a number of non-motor symptoms - including cognitive and psychiatric - that can appear much earlier in the course of the disease and also significantly impair quality of life. The neurobiology of such cognitive and psychiatric non-motor symptoms is poorly understood. The recognition of genetic forms of late-onset PD, which are clinically similar to idiopathic forms in both motor and non-motor symptoms, raises the perspective that brain cells and circuits - and the behaviors they support - differ in significant ways from normal by virtue of the fact that these mutations are carried throughout life, including especially early developmental critical periods where circuit structure and function is particularly susceptible to the influence of experience-dependent activity. In this focused review, we support this central thesis by highlighting studies of LRRK2-G2019S mouse models. We describe work that shows that in G2019S mutants, corticostriatal activity and plasticity are abnormal by P21, the end of a period of excitatory synaptogenesis in striatum. Moreover, by young adulthood, impaired striatal synaptic and non-synaptic forms of plasticity likely underlie altered and variable performance by mutant mice in validated tasks that test for depression-like and anhedonia-like behaviors. Mechanistically, deficits in cellular, synaptic and behavioral plasticity may be unified by mutation-linked defects in trafficking of AMPAR subunits and other membrane channels, which in turn may reflect impairment in the function of the Rab family of GTPases, a major target of LRRK2 phosphorylation. These findings underscore the need to better understand how PD-related mutant proteins influence brain structure and function during an extended period of brain development, and offer new clues for future therapeutic strategies to target non-motor cognitive or psychiatric symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deanna L. Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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79
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Sex differences in adult mood and in stress-induced transcriptional coherence across mesocorticolimbic circuitry. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:59. [PMID: 32066699 PMCID: PMC7026087 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are approximately two times as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to men. While sex differences in MDD might be driven by circulating gonadal hormones, we hypothesized that developmental hormone exposure and/or genetic sex might play a role. Mice were gonadectomized in adulthood to isolate the role of developmental hormones. We examined the effects of developmental gonadal and genetic sex on anhedonia-/depressive-like behaviors under non-stress and chronic stress conditions and performed RNA-sequencing in three mood-relevant brain regions. We used an integrative network approach to identify transcriptional modules and stress-specific hub genes regulating stress susceptibility, with a focus on whether these differed by sex. After identifying sex differences in anhedonia-/depressive-like behaviors (female > male), we show that both developmental hormone exposure (gonadal female > gonadal male) and genetic sex (XX > XY) contribute to the sex difference. The top biological pathways represented by differentially expressed genes were related to immune function; we identify which differentially expressed genes are driven by developmental gonadal or genetic sex. There was very little overlap in genes affected by chronic stress in males and females. We also identified highly co-expressed gene modules affected by stress, some of which were affected in opposite directions in males and females. Since all mice had equivalent hormone exposure in adulthood, these results suggest that sex differences in gonadal hormone exposure during sensitive developmental periods program adult sex differences in mood, and that these sex differences are independent of adult circulating gonadal hormones.
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80
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Opioid system modulation with buprenorphine/samidorphan combination for major depressive disorder: two randomized controlled studies. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1580-1591. [PMID: 30374191 PMCID: PMC7303008 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system is thought to play an important role in the regulation of mood. Buprenorphine/samidorphan (BUP/SAM) combination is an investigational opioid system modulator for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). To confirm results from early studies, we report the efficacy and safety of BUP/SAM as adjunctive treatment in patients with MDD and an inadequate response to antidepressant therapy (ADT) in FORWARD-4 and FORWARD-5: two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that utilized the same sequential parallel-comparison design. Efficacy was measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). FORWARD-5 achieved the primary endpoint and demonstrated that adjunctive BUP/SAM 2 mg/2 mg was superior to placebo (average difference change from baseline to week 3 through end of treatment [EOT] in MADRS-6 and -10 versus placebo: -1.5, P = 0.018; -1.9, P = 0.026, respectively). FORWARD-4 did not achieve the primary endpoint (change from baseline in MADRS-10 at week 5 versus placebo: -1.8, P = 0.109), although separate analyses showed significant treatment differences at other timepoints using traditional, regulatory-accepted endpoints such as reduction in MADRS-10 at EOT. The pooled analysis of the two studies demonstrated consistently greater reduction in MADRS-10 scores from baseline for BUP/SAM 2 mg/2 mg versus placebo at multiple timepoints including EOT and average change from baseline to week 3 through EOT (-1.8, P = 0.010; -1.8, P = 0.004, respectively). The overall effect size (Hedges' g) in the pooled analyses for MADRS-10 change from baseline to EOT was 0.22. Overall, BUP/SAM was generally well tolerated, with most adverse events (AEs) being mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs, occurring in ≥5% of patients in the BUP/SAM 2 mg/2 mg treatment group, which was more frequently than the placebo group, included nausea, constipation, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence, fatigue, and sedation. There was minimal evidence of abuse, and no evidence of dependence or opioid withdrawal by AEs or objective measures. This report describes adjunctive BUP/SAM 2 mg/2 mg combination, a therapy with a novel opioidergic mechanism of action, as a potential new treatment option for patients with MDD who have an inadequate response to currently available ADT.
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81
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Serafini RA, Pryce KD, Zachariou V. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System in Chronic Pain and Associated Affective Comorbidities. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:64-73. [PMID: 31806085 PMCID: PMC6954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have made significant progress toward understanding the impact of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry in acute and chronic pain. These efforts have provided insights into the circuits and intracellular pathways in the brain reward center that are implicated in sensory and affective manifestations of chronic pain. Studies have also identified novel therapeutic targets as well as factors that affect treatment responsiveness. Dysregulation of dopamine function in the brain reward center may further promote comorbid mood disorders and vulnerability to addiction. This review discusses recent clinical and preclinical findings on the neuroanatomical and neurochemical adaptations triggered by prolonged pain states in the brain reward pathway. Furthermore, this discussion highlights evidence of mechanisms underlying comorbidities among pain, depression, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal A Serafini
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kerri D Pryce
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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82
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Koo JW, Chaudhury D, Han MH, Nestler EJ. Role of Mesolimbic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:738-748. [PMID: 31327473 PMCID: PMC6814503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely accepted as being critical for neural and synaptic plasticity throughout the nervous system. Recent work has shown that BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuit, originating in ventral tegmental area DA neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens, is crucial in the development of depressive-like behaviors following exposure to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Whereas BDNF modulates DA signaling in encoding responses to acute defeat stress, BDNF signaling alone appears to be responsible for the behavioral effects after chronic social defeat stress. Very different patterns are seen with another widely used chronic stress paradigm in mice, chronic mild stress (also known as chronic variable or unpredictable stress), where DA signaling, but not BDNF signaling, is primarily responsible for the behavioral effects observed. This review discusses the molecular, cellular, and circuit basis of this dramatic discrepancy, which appears to involve the nature of the stress, its severity and duration, and its effects on distinct cell types within the ventral tegmental area-to-nucleus accumbens mesolimbic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Address correspondence to: Ming-Hu Han, Ph.D. and Eric J. Nestler, MD., Ph.D., Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; and
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83
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Besnard A, Langberg T, Levinson S, Chu D, Vicidomini C, Scobie KN, Dwork AJ, Arango V, Rosoklija GB, Mann JJ, Hen R, Leonardo ED, Boldrini M, Sahay A. Targeting Kruppel-like Factor 9 in Excitatory Neurons Protects against Chronic Stress-Induced Impairments in Dendritic Spines and Fear Responses. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3183-3196. [PMID: 29898391 PMCID: PMC7453932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is associated with the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we show in rodents that chronic stress exposure rapidly and transiently elevates hippocampal expression of Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9). Inducible genetic silencing of Klf9 expression in excitatory forebrain neurons in adulthood prior to, but not after, onset of stressor prevented chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced potentiation of contextual fear acquisition in female mice and chronic corticosterone (CORT) exposure-induced fear generalization in male mice. Klf9 silencing prevented chronic CORT and CRS induced enlargement of dendritic spines in the ventral hippocampus of male and female mice, respectively. KLF9 mRNA density was increased in the anterior dentate gyrus of women, but not men, with more severe recent stressful life events and increased mortality. Thus, Klf9 functions as a stress-responsive transcription factor that mediates circuit and behavioral resilience in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Besnard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Tomer Langberg
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Sally Levinson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Duong Chu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Cinzia Vicidomini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Kimberly N Scobie
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Divisions of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Divisions of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gorazd B Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Divisions of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Divisions of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Divisions of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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84
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Cathomas F, Murrough JW, Nestler EJ, Han MH, Russo SJ. Neurobiology of Resilience: Interface Between Mind and Body. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:410-420. [PMID: 31178098 PMCID: PMC6717018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, exact enormous socioeconomic and individual consequences. Resilience, the process of adaptation in the face of adversity, is an important concept that is enabling the field to understand individual differences in stress responses, with the hope of harnessing this information for the development of novel therapeutics that mimic the body's natural resilience mechanisms. This review provides an update on the current state of research of the neurobiological mechanisms of stress resilience. We focus on physiological and transcriptional adaptations of specific brain circuits, the role of cellular and humoral factors of the immune system, the gut microbiota, and changes at the interface between the brain and the periphery, the blood-brain barrier. We propose viewing resilience as a process that requires the integration of multiple central and peripheral systems and that elucidating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms will ultimately lead to novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - James W. Murrough
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Corresponding author: Scott J. Russo, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029. ()
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85
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Nold V, Sweatman C, Karabatsiakis A, Böck C, Bretschneider T, Lawless N, Fundel-Clemens K, Kolassa IT, Allers KA. Activation of the kynurenine pathway and mitochondrial respiration to face allostatic load in a double-hit model of stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:148-159. [PMID: 31129488 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allostasis is the process by which the body's physiological systems adapt to environmental changes. Chronic stress increases the allostatic load to the body, producing wear and tear that could, over time, become pathological. In this study, young adult male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) protocol to increase allostatic load. First, physiological systems which may be affected by extended uCMS exposure were assessed. Secondly, 5 weeks of uCMS were used to investigate early adaptations in the previously selected systems. Adverse experiences during developmentally sensitive periods like adolescence are known to severely alter the individual stress vulnerability with long-lasting effects. To elucidate how early life adversity impacts stress reactivity in adulthood, an additional group with juvenile single-housing (JSH) prior to uCMS was included in the second cohort. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of chronic stress with or without adversity during adolescence on two domains known to be impacted in numerous stress-related disorders: mitochondrial energy metabolism and the immune system. Both, uCMS and adolescence stress increased kynurenine and kynurenic acid in plasma, suggesting a protective, anti-oxidant response from the kynurenine pathway. Furthermore, uCMS resulted in a down-regulation of immediate early gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while only rats with the double-hit of adolescent stress and uCMS demonstrated increased mitochondrial activity in the hippocampus. These results suggest that early life adversity may impact on allostatic load by increasing energetic requirements in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nold
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm, Germany; Central Nervous System Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - C Sweatman
- Central Nervous System Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - A Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm, Germany
| | - C Böck
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm, Germany
| | - T Bretschneider
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - N Lawless
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - K Fundel-Clemens
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - I-T Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm, Germany
| | - K A Allers
- Central Nervous System Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstraße 65, Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany.
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86
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Pérez-Valenzuela C, Terreros G, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Effects of stress on the auditory system: an approach to study a common origin for mood disorders and dementia. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:317-324. [PMID: 30205652 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of stress is a fundamental piece to understand how organisms can adapt to the demands produced by a continuously changing environment. However, modern lifestyle subjects humans to high levels of negative stress or distress, which increases the prevalence of mental illnesses. Definitely, stress has become the pandemic of the 21st century, a fact that demands a great intellectual effort from scientists to understand the neurobiology of stress. This review proposes an innovative point of view to understand that mood disorders and dementia have a common etiology in a stressful environment. We propose that distress produces sensory deprivation, and this interferes with the connection between the brain and the environment in which the subject lives. The auditory system can serve as an example to understand this idea. In this sense, distress impairs the auditory system and induces hearing loss or presbycusis at an early age; this can increase the cognitive load in stressed people, which can stimulate the development of dementia in them. On the other hand, distress impairs the auditory system and increases the excitability of the amygdala, a limbic structure involved in the emotional processing of sounds. A consequence of these alterations could be the increase in the persistence of auditory fear memory, which could increase the development of mood disorders. Finally, it is important to emphasize that stress is an evolutionary issue that is necessary to understand the mental health of humans in these modern times. This article is a contribution to this discussion and will provide insights into the origin of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Terreros
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.,Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago, Chile
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87
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Bonnefil V, Dietz K, Amatruda M, Wentling M, Aubry AV, Dupree JL, Temple G, Park HJ, Burghardt NS, Casaccia P, Liu J. Region-specific myelin differences define behavioral consequences of chronic social defeat stress in mice. eLife 2019; 8:40855. [PMID: 31407664 PMCID: PMC6692108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress increases the risk of developing mood disorders. While a subset of individuals displays vulnerability to stress, others remain resilient, but the molecular basis for these behavioral differences is not well understood. Using a model of chronic social defeat stress, we identified region-specific differences in myelination between mice that displayed social avoidance behavior (‘susceptible’) and those who escaped the deleterious effect to stress (‘resilient’). Myelin protein content in the nucleus accumbens was reduced in all mice exposed to stress, whereas decreased myelin thickness and internodal length were detected only in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice, with fewer mature oligodendrocytes and decreased heterochromatic histone marks. Focal demyelination in the mPFC was sufficient to decrease social preference, which was restored following new myelin formation. Together these data highlight the functional role of mPFC myelination as critical determinant of the avoidance response to traumatic social experiences. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter). High levels of stress do not have the same effect on everybody: some individuals can show resilience and recover quickly, while other struggle to cope. Scientists have started to investigate how these differences may find their origin in biological processes, mainly by focusing on the role of neurons. However, neurons represent only one type of brain cells, and there is increasing evidence that interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells play an important role in the response to stress. Oligodendrocytes are a common type of non-neuronal cells which shield and feed nerve cells. In particular, their membrane constitutes the myelin sheath, a protective coating that insulates neurons and allows them to better communicate with each other using electric signals. Bonnefil et al. explored whether differences in oligodendrocytes could affect how mice responded to social stress. The rodents were exposed to repeated attacks from an aggressive mouse five minutes a day for ten days. After this period, ‘susceptible’ mice then avoided future contact with any other mice, while resilient animals remained interested in socializing. Comparing the brain areas of resilient and susceptible mice revealed differences in the oligodendrocytes of the medial prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that controls emotions and thinking. Susceptible animals had fewer mature oligodendrocytes and their neurons were covered in thinner and shorter segments of myelin sheaths. There was also evidence that, in these animals, the genes that regulate the maturation of oligodendrocytes were more likely to be switched off. Taken together, these results may suggest that, in certain animals, social stress disrupts the genetic program that controls how oligodendrocytes develop, potentially leading to neurons communicating less well. To explore whether reduced amounts of myelin could be linked to decreased social behavior, Bonnefil et al. then damaged the myelin in the medial prefrontal cortex in another group of rodents. The mice were then less willing to interact with other animals until new sheaths had formed. The results by Bonnefil et al. undercover how changes in non-neuronal cells can at least in part explain differences in the way individuals respond to stress. Ultimately, this knowledge may be useful to design new strategies to foster resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bonnefil
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
| | - Karen Dietz
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Mario Amatruda
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
| | - Maureen Wentling
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
| | - Antonio V Aubry
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University, New York, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States
| | - Gary Temple
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
| | - Nesha S Burghardt
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University, New York, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, City University, New York, United States
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88
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Effects of Single Cage Housing on Stress, Cognitive, and Seizure Parameters in the Rat and Mouse Pilocarpine Models of Epilepsy. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0179-18.2019. [PMID: 31331937 PMCID: PMC6709207 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0179-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental approaches require housing rodents in individual cages, including in epilepsy research. However, rats and mice are social animals; and individual housing constitutes a stressful situation. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of individual housing as compared to conditions maintaining social contact on stress markers and epilepsy. Control male mice socially housed during pretest and then transferred to individual cages for six weeks displayed anhedonia, increased anxiety and biological markers of stress as compared to pretest values or mice kept socially housed during six weeks. Pilocarpine (pilo)-treated mice housed together showed increased levels of anhedonia, anxiety and stress markers as well as decreased cognitive performance as compared to the control group. The differences were more significant in pilo-treated mice housed individually. Anxiety correlated linearly with cognitive performance and stress markers independently of the experimental conditions. In the male rat pilo model, seizures were sixteen times more frequent in singly housed animals as compared to animals kept in pairs. Daily interactions with an experimenter in otherwise singly housed animals was sufficient to produce results identical to those found in animals kept in pairs. We propose that social isolation produces a severe phenotype in terms of stress and seizure frequency as compared to animals maintaining social contact (at least in these two models), a factor that needs to be taken into account for data interpretation, in particular for preclinical studies.
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89
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Lüscher B, Möhler H. Brexanolone, a neurosteroid antidepressant, vindicates the GABAergic deficit hypothesis of depression and may foster resilience. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31275559 PMCID: PMC6544078 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18758.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of depression states that a deficit of GABAergic transmission in defined neural circuits is causal for depression. Conversely, an enhancement of GABA transmission, including that triggered by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or ketamine, has antidepressant effects. Brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone, showed clinically significant antidepressant activity in postpartum depression. By allosterically enhancing GABA
A receptor function, the antidepressant activity of allopregnanolone is attributed to an increase in GABAergic inhibition. In addition, allopregnanolone may stabilize normal mood by decreasing the activity of stress-responsive dentate granule cells and thereby sustain resilience behavior. Therefore, allopregnanolone may augment and extend its antidepressant activity by fostering resilience. The recent structural resolution of the neurosteroid binding domain of GABA
A receptors will expedite the development of more selective ligands as a potential new class of central nervous system drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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90
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Weidner MT, Lardenoije R, Eijssen L, Mogavero F, De Groodt LPMT, Popp S, Palme R, Förstner KU, Strekalova T, Steinbusch HWM, Schmitt-Böhrer AG, Glennon JC, Waider J, van den Hove DLA, Lesch KP. Identification of Cholecystokinin by Genome-Wide Profiling as Potential Mediator of Serotonin-Dependent Behavioral Effects of Maternal Separation in the Amygdala. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:460. [PMID: 31133792 PMCID: PMC6524554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests a role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis in the brain, in modulating long-term, neurobiological effects of early-life adversity. Here, we aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction, and its consequences for socio-emotional behaviors, with a focus on anxiety and social interaction. In this study, adult, male Tph2 null mutant (Tph2 -/-) and heterozygous (Tph2 +/-) mice, and their wildtype littermates (Tph2 +/+) were exposed to neonatal, maternal separation (MS) and screened for behavioral changes, followed by genome-wide RNA expression and DNA methylation profiling. In Tph2 -/- mice, brain 5-HT deficiency profoundly affected socio-emotional behaviors, i.e., decreased avoidance of the aversive open arms in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) as well as decreased prosocial and increased rule breaking behavior in the resident-intruder test when compared to their wildtype littermates. Tph2 +/- mice showed an ambiguous profile with context-dependent, behavioral responses. In the EPM they showed similar avoidance of the open arm but decreased prosocial and increased rule breaking behavior in the resident-intruder test when compared to their wildtype littermates. Notably, MS effects on behavior were subtle and depended on the Tph2 genotype, in particular increasing the observed avoidance of EPM open arms in wildtype and Tph2 +/- mice when compared to their Tph2 -/- littermates. On the genomic level, the interaction of Tph2 genotype with MS differentially affected the expression of numerous genes, of which a subset showed an overlap with DNA methylation profiles at corresponding loci. Remarkably, changes in methylation nearby and expression of the gene encoding cholecystokinin, which were inversely correlated to each other, were associated with variations in anxiety-related phenotypes. In conclusion, next to various behavioral alterations, we identified gene expression and DNA methylation profiles to be associated with TPH2 inactivation and its interaction with MS, suggesting a gene-by-environment interaction-dependent, modulatory function of brain 5-HT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena T. Weidner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roy Lardenoije
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Lars Eijssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Departments of Bioinformatics, Psychiatry & Neuro Psychology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Floriana Mogavero
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandy Popp
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad U. Förstner
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- ZB MED – Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany
- TH Köln, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Angelika G. Schmitt-Böhrer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey C. Glennon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jonas Waider
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel L. A. van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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91
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Tornese P, Sala N, Bonini D, Bonifacino T, La Via L, Milanese M, Treccani G, Seguini M, Ieraci A, Mingardi J, Nyengaard JR, Calza S, Bonanno G, Wegener G, Barbon A, Popoli M, Musazzi L. Chronic mild stress induces anhedonic behavior and changes in glutamate release, BDNF trafficking and dendrite morphology only in stress vulnerable rats. The rapid restorative action of ketamine. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100160. [PMID: 31193464 PMCID: PMC6535630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disease, characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia. Stress represents a major environmental risk factor for depression; the complex interaction of stress with genetic factors results in different individual vulnerability or resilience to the disorder. Dysfunctions of the glutamate system have a primary role in depression. Clinical neuroimaging studies have consistently reported alterations in volume and connectivity of cortico-limbic areas, where glutamate neurons and synapses predominate. This is confirmed by preclinical studies in rodents, showing that repeated stress induces morphological and functional maladaptive changes in the same brain regions altered in humans. Confirming the key role of glutamatergic transmission in depression, compelling evidence has shown that the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, induces, at sub-anesthetic dose, rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both humans and rodents. We show here that the Chronic Mild Stress model of depression induces, only in stress-vulnerable rats, depressed-like anhedonic behavior, together with impairment of glutamate/GABA presynaptic release, BDNF mRNA trafficking in dendrites and dendritic morphology in hippocampus. Moreover, we show that a single administration of ketamine restores, in 24 h, normal behavior and most of the cellular/molecular maladaptive changes in vulnerable rats. Interestingly, ketamine treatment did not restore BDNF mRNA levels reduced by chronic stress but rescued dendritic trafficking of BDNF mRNA. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of ketamine involving rapid restoration of synaptic homeostasis, through re-equilibration of glutamate/GABA release and dendritic BDNF for synaptic translation and reversal of synaptic and circuitry impairment. Chronic mild stress (CMS) induces anhedonic behavior and maladaptive changes in the hippocampus (HPC) of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces basal and evoked release of glutamate in the HPC of vulnerable rats. SCMS reduces evoked release of GABA in the HPC of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces expression of BDNF mRNA and trafficking along dendrites in the HPC of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces length of apical dendrites in CA3 pyramidal neurons of vulnerable rats. Ketamine injection (10 mg/kg) restores in 24h anhedonic behavior and most maladaptive changes, except BDNF expression. The present results suggest that the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine involves restoration of synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Sala
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Mara Seguini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.,Pharmaceutical Research Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
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92
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Verharen JPH, Adan RAH, Vanderschuren LJMJ. How Reward and Aversion Shape Motivation and Decision Making: A Computational Account. Neuroscientist 2019; 26:87-99. [PMID: 30866712 DOI: 10.1177/1073858419834517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Processing rewarding and aversive signals lies at the core of many adaptive behaviors, including value-based decision making. The brain circuits processing these signals are widespread and include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and striatum, and their dopaminergic innervation. In this review, we integrate historic findings on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of value-based decision making with recent, groundbreaking work in this area. On the basis of this integrated view, we discuss a neuroeconomic framework of value-based decision making, use this to explain the motivation to pursue rewards and how motivation relates to the costs and benefits associated with different courses of action. As such, we consider substance addiction and overeating as states of altered value-based decision making, in which the expectation of reward chronically outweighs the costs associated with substance use and food consumption, respectively. Together, this review aims to provide a concise and accessible overview of important literature on the neural mechanisms of behavioral adaptation to reward and aversion and how these mediate motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P H Verharen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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93
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Kaufling J. Alterations and adaptation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in animal models of depression. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:59-71. [PMID: 30848354 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric diseases, affecting the quality of life of millions of people. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic (DA) neurons are notably involved in evaluating the emotional and motivational value of a stimulus, in detecting reward prediction errors, in motivated learning, or in the propensity to initiate or withhold an action. DA neurons are thus involved in psychopathologies associated with perturbations of emotional and motivational states, such as depression. In this review, we focus on adaptations/alterations of the VTA, particularly of the VTA DA neurons, in the three most frequently used animal models of depression: learned helplessness, chronic mild stress and chronic social defeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kaufling
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 8 Allée du Générale Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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94
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Benatti C, Radighieri G, Alboni S, Blom JMC, Brunello N, Tascedda F. Modulation of neuroplasticity-related targets following stress-induced acute escape deficit. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:140-148. [PMID: 30771367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding resilience is a major challenge to improve current pharmacological therapies aimed at complementing psychological-based approaches of stress-related disorders. In particular, resilience is a multi-factorial construct where the complex network of molecular events that drive the process still needs to be resolved. Here, we exploit the acute escape deficit model, an animal model based on exposure to acute unavoidable stress followed by an escape test, to define vulnerable and resilient phenotypes in rats. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), two of the brain areas most involved in the stress response, were analysed for gene expression at two different time points (3 and 24 h) after the escape test. Total Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) was highly responsive in the PFC at 24-h after the escape test, while expression of BDNF transcript IV increased in the hippocampus of resistant animals 3 h post-test. Expression of memory enhancers like Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) decreased in a time- and region-dependent fashion in both behavioural phenotypes. Also, the memory inhibitor Protein Phosphatase 1 (Ppp1ca) was increased in the hippocampus of resilient rats at 3 h post-test. Given the importance of neurotrophic factors and synaptic plasticity-related genes for the development of appropriate coping strategies, our data contribute to an additional step forward in the comprehension of the psychobiology of stress and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Radighieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - J M C Blom
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Antonio Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - N Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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95
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Benson DL, Huntley GW. Are we listening to everything the PARK genes are telling us? J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1527-1540. [PMID: 30680728 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cardinal motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease (PD) clinically have been recognized for over 200 years. That these symptoms arise following the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra has been known for the last 50. These long-established facts have fueled a broadly held expectation that degenerating dopaminergic neurons alone hold the key to understanding and curing PD. This prevalent expectation is at odds with the observation that many nonmotor symptoms, including depression and cognitive inflexibility among others, can appear years earlier than the overt dopaminergic neuron degeneration that drives motor abnormalities and are not improved by levodopa treatment. Thus, preserving or rescuing dopamine neuron health and function is of paramount importance, but this alone fails to capture the underlying neurobiology of earlier-appearing nonmotor symptoms. Insight into the complete landscape of disease-related abnormalities and the context in which they arise can be gleaned from a more comprehensive consideration of the PARK genes that are known to cause PD. Here, we make the case that a full incorporation of research showing when and where PARK genes are expressed as well as the impact of gene mutation on function throughout life, in tandem with research studying how dopaminergic neuron degeneration begins, is essential for a full understanding of the multi-dimensional etiology of PD. A broad view may also reveal something about long-term adjustments cells and systems make in response to gene mutation and help to identify mechanisms conferring the resilience or susceptibility of some cells and systems over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Benson
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - George W Huntley
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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96
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Zhang H, Chaudhury D, Nectow AR, Friedman AK, Zhang S, Juarez B, Liu H, Pfau ML, Aleyasin H, Jiang C, Crumiller M, Calipari ES, Ku SM, Morel C, Tzavaras N, Montgomery SE, He M, Salton SR, Russo SJ, Nestler EJ, Friedman JM, Cao JL, Han MH. α 1- and β 3-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Mesolimbic Homeostatic Plasticity Confers Resilience to Social Stress in Susceptible Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:226-236. [PMID: 30336931 PMCID: PMC6800029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostatic plasticity in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons plays an essential role in mediating resilience to social stress. Recent evidence implicates an association between stress resilience and projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (LC→VTA) DA system. However, the precise circuitry and molecular mechanisms of the homeostatic plasticity in mesolimbic DA neurons mediated by the LC→VTA circuitry, and its role in conferring resilience to social defeat stress, have not been described. METHODS In a well-established chronic social defeat stress model of depression, using projection-specific electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic, pharmacological, and molecular profiling techniques, we investigated the functional role and molecular basis of an LC→VTA circuit in conferring resilience to social defeat stress. RESULTS We found that LC neurons projecting to the VTA exhibit enhanced firing activity in resilient, but not susceptible, mice. Optogenetically mimicking this firing adaptation in susceptible mice reverses their depression-related behaviors, and induces reversal of cellular hyperactivity and homeostatic plasticity in VTA DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens. Circuit-specific molecular profiling studies reveal that α1- and β3-adrenergic receptors are highly expressed in VTA→nucleus accumbens DA neurons. Pharmacologically activating these receptors induces similar proresilient effects at the ion channel and cellular and behavioral levels, whereas antagonizing these receptors blocks the proresilient effect of optogenetic activation of LC→VTA circuit neurons in susceptible mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a key role of the LC→VTA circuit in mediating homeostatic plasticity in stress resilience and reveal α1- and β3-adrenergic receptors as new molecular targets for therapeutically promoting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 129188
| | - Alexander R. Nectow
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA, 10065,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA, 20815
| | - Allyson K. Friedman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004
| | - Barbara Juarez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 98195
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 221004,Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 129188
| | - Madeline L. Pfau
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Center for Affective Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Marshall Crumiller
- Laboratory of Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA, 10065
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Stacy M. Ku
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Carole Morel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Nikos Tzavaras
- Microscopy CORE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Sarah E. Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Michelle He
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Stephen R. Salton
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574,Center for Affective Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, 10029-6574
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA, 10065,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA, 20815
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Center for Affective Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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97
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Hökfelt T, Barde S, Xu ZQD, Kuteeva E, Rüegg J, Le Maitre E, Risling M, Kehr J, Ihnatko R, Theodorsson E, Palkovits M, Deakin W, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Prud’homme HJ, Mechawar N, Diaz-Heijtz R, Ögren SO. Neuropeptide and Small Transmitter Coexistence: Fundamental Studies and Relevance to Mental Illness. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 30627087 PMCID: PMC6309708 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. In particular, galanin's role as a co-transmitter in both rodent and human noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons is addressed. Extensive experimental animal data strongly suggest a role for the galanin system in depression-like behavior. The translational potential of these results was tested by studying the galanin system in postmortem human brains, first in normal brains, and then in a comparison of five regions of brains obtained from depressed people who committed suicide, and from matched controls. The distribution of galanin and the four galanin system transcripts in the normal human brain was determined, and selective and parallel changes in levels of transcripts and DNA methylation for galanin and its three receptors were assessed in depressed patients who committed suicide: upregulation of transcripts, e.g., for galanin and GalR3 in LC, paralleled by a decrease in DNA methylation, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that, when exposed to severe stress, the noradrenergic LC neurons fire in bursts and release galanin from their soma/dendrites. Galanin then acts on somato-dendritic, inhibitory galanin autoreceptors, opening potassium channels and inhibiting firing. The purpose of these autoreceptors is to act as a 'brake' to prevent overexcitation, a brake that is also part of resilience to stress that protects against depression. Depression then arises when the inhibition is too strong and long lasting - a maladaption, allostatic load, leading to depletion of NA levels in the forebrain. It is suggested that disinhibition by a galanin antagonist may have antidepressant activity by restoring forebrain NA levels. A role of galanin in depression is also supported by a recent candidate gene study, showing that variants in genes for galanin and its three receptors confer increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. In summary, galanin, a neuropeptide coexisting in LC neurons, may participate in the mechanism underlying resilience against a serious and common disorder, MDD. Existing and further results may lead to an increased understanding of how this illness develops, which in turn could provide a basis for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eugenia Kuteeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle Rüegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Swetox, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maitre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP 2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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98
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Caraci F, Calabrese F, Molteni R, Bartova L, Dold M, Leggio GM, Fabbri C, Mendlewicz J, Racagni G, Kasper S, Riva MA, Drago F. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CIV: The Neurobiology of Treatment-resistant Depression: From Antidepressant Classifications to Novel Pharmacological Targets. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:475-504. [PMID: 29884653 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illnesses and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Currently available antidepressants are effective for most patients, although around 30% are considered treatment resistant (TRD), a condition that is associated with a significant impairment of cognitive function and poor quality of life. In this respect, the identification of the molecular mechanisms contributing to TRD represents an essential step for the design of novel and more efficacious drugs able to modify the clinical course of this disorder and increase remission rates in clinical practice. New insights into the neurobiology of TRD have shed light on the role of a number of different mechanisms, including the glutamatergic system, immune/inflammatory systems, neurotrophin function, and epigenetics. Advances in drug discovery processes in TRD have also influenced the classification of antidepressant drugs and novel classifications are available, such as the neuroscience-based nomenclature that can incorporate such advances in drug development for TRD. This review aims to provide an up-to-date description of key mechanisms in TRD and describe current therapeutic strategies for TRD before examining novel approaches that may ultimately address important neurobiological mechanisms not targeted by currently available antidepressants. All in all, we suggest that drug targeting different neurobiological systems should be able to restore normal function but must also promote resilience to reduce the long-term vulnerability to recurrent depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caraci
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - F Calabrese
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - R Molteni
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - L Bartova
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - M Dold
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - G M Leggio
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - C Fabbri
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - J Mendlewicz
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - G Racagni
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - S Kasper
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - M A Riva
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - F Drago
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
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Functional and behavioral consequences of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2-G2019S mutation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1697-1705. [PMID: 30514770 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
LRRK2 mutation is the most common inherited, autosomal dominant cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has also been observed in sporadic cases. Most mutations result in increased LRRK2 kinase activity. LRRK2 is highly expressed in brain regions that receive dense, convergent innervation by dopaminergic and glutamatergic axons, and its levels rise developmentally coincident with glutamatergic synapse formation. The onset and timing of expression suggests strongly that LRRK2 regulates the development, maturation and function of synapses. Several lines of data in mice show that LRRK2-G2019S, the most common LRRK2 mutation, produces an abnormal gain of pathological function that affects synaptic activity, spine morphology, persistent forms of synapse plasticity and behavioral responses to social stress. Effects of the mutation can be detected as early as the second week of postnatal development and can last or have consequences that extend into adulthood and occur in the absence of dopamine loss. These data suggest that the generation of neural circuits that support complex behaviors is modified by LRRK2-G2019S. Whether such alterations impart vulnerability to neurons directly or indirectly, they bring to the forefront the idea that neural circuits within which dopamine neurons eventually degenerate are assembled and utilized in ways that are distinct from circuits that lack this mutation and may contribute to non-motor symptoms observed in humans with PD.
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Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Henter ID, Graves M, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Glutamatergic Neurotransmission: Pathway to Developing Novel Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatments. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 22:119-135. [PMID: 30445512 PMCID: PMC6368372 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying neurobiological basis of major depressive disorder remains elusive due to the severity, complexity, and heterogeneity of the disorder. While the traditional monoaminergic hypothesis has largely fallen short in its ability to provide a complete picture of major depressive disorder, emerging preclinical and clinical findings suggest that dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie the pathophysiology of both major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. In particular, recent studies showing that a single intravenous infusion of the glutamatergic modulator ketamine elicits fast-acting, robust, and relatively sustained antidepressant, antisuicidal, and antianhedonic effects in individuals with treatment-resistant depression have prompted tremendous interest in understanding the mechanisms responsible for ketamine's clinical efficacy. These results, coupled with new evidence of the mechanistic processes underlying ketamine's effects, have led to inventive ways of investigating, repurposing, and expanding research into novel glutamate-based therapeutic targets with superior antidepressant effects but devoid of dissociative side effects. Ketamine's targets include noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid throughput potentiation coupled with downstream signaling changes, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor targets localized on gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneurons. Here, we review ketamine and other potentially novel glutamate-based treatments for treatment-resistant depression, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, glycine binding site ligands, metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators, and other glutamatergic modulators. Both the putative mechanisms of action of these agents and clinically relevant studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD,Correspondence: Bashkim Kadriu, MD, Building 10, CRC Room 7-5545, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 ()
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics – Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Morgan Graves
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics – Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
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