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Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8275181. [PMID: 34745264 PMCID: PMC8568516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8275181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic appliances induce significant changes in the oral microbiome, but this shift in microbial composition has not been well established by the available evidence yet. Objectives To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to assess the taxonomic microbial changes in orthodontic patients during Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) and Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT), using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Search Methods and Selection Criteria. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, including articles published in English until May 2021. They included every human study report potentially relevant to the review. Data Collection and Analysis. After duplicate study selection and data extraction procedures according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU) method. Results The initial search identified 393 articles, 74 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, six articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment seems to transiently affect the composition of subgingival microbiome, although not salivary, maintaining a stable microbial diversity. Different results were found in the shift of microbiome between plaque and saliva, depending on the type of orthodontic treatment. This review should be interpreted with some caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Baumgartner D, Johannsen B, Specht M, Lüddecke J, Rombach M, Hin S, Paust N, von Stetten F, Zengerle R, Herz C, Peham JR, Paqué PN, Attin T, Jenzer JS, Körner P, Schmidlin PR, Thurnheer T, Wegehaupt FJ, Kaman WE, Stubbs A, Hays JP, Rusu V, Michie A, Binsl T, Stejskal D, Karpíšek M, Bao K, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Mitsakakis K. OralDisk: A Chair-Side Compatible Molecular Platform Using Whole Saliva for Monitoring Oral Health at the Dental Practice. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110423. [PMID: 34821641 PMCID: PMC8615610 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis and dental caries are two major bacterially induced, non-communicable diseases that cause the deterioration of oral health, with implications in patients' general health. Early, precise diagnosis and personalized monitoring are essential for the efficient prevention and management of these diseases. Here, we present a disk-shaped microfluidic platform (OralDisk) compatible with chair-side use that enables analysis of non-invasively collected whole saliva samples and molecular-based detection of ten bacteria: seven periodontitis-associated (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola) and three caries-associated (oral Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus). Each OralDisk test required 400 µL of homogenized whole saliva. The automated workflow included bacterial DNA extraction, purification and hydrolysis probe real-time PCR detection of the target pathogens. All reagents were pre-stored within the disk and sample-to-answer processing took < 3 h using a compact, customized processing device. A technical feasibility study (25 OralDisks) was conducted using samples from healthy, periodontitis and caries patients. The comparison of the OralDisk with a lab-based reference method revealed a ~90% agreement amongst targets detected as positive and negative. This shows the OralDisk's potential and suitability for inclusion in larger prospective implementation studies in dental care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Baumgartner
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (D.B.); Tel.: +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.); +49-761-203-98724 (D.B.)
| | - Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mara Specht
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jan Lüddecke
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Markus Rombach
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Hin
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Herz
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Johannes R. Peham
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Pune N. Paqué
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Joël S. Jenzer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.N.P.); (T.A.); (J.S.J.); (P.K.); (P.R.S.); (T.T.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Wendy E. Kaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.E.K.); (J.P.H.)
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.E.K.); (J.P.H.)
| | - Viorel Rusu
- Magtivio B.V., Daelderweg 9, 6361 HK Nuth, The Netherlands;
| | - Alex Michie
- ClinicaGeno Ltd., 11 Station Approach, Coulsdon CR5 2NR, UK; (A.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Binsl
- ClinicaGeno Ltd., 11 Station Approach, Coulsdon CR5 2NR, UK; (A.M.); (T.B.)
| | - David Stejskal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Bao
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden; (K.B.); (N.B.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (B.J.); (M.S.); (J.L.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (N.P.); (F.v.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (D.B.); Tel.: +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.); +49-761-203-98724 (D.B.)
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Dalessandri D, Migliorati M, Indelicato F. New Frontiers on Adjuvants Drug Strategies and Treatments in Periodontitis. Sci Pharm 2021; 89:46. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Causes of the progression of periodontitis such as an imbalance between the immune response by the host by the release of inflammatory mediators in the response of the oral pathogenic dysbiotic biofilm have been identified. New insights on specific cell signaling pathways that appear during periodontitis have attracted the attention of researchers in the study of new personalised approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. The gold standard of non-surgical therapy of periodontitis involves the removal of supra and subgingival biofilm through professional scaling and root planing (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. In order to improve periodontal clinical outcomes and overcome the limitations of traditional SRP, additional adjuvants have been developed in recent decades, including local or systemic antibiotics, antiseptics, probiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive drugs and host modulation therapies. This review is aimed to update the current and recent evolution of therapies of management of periodontitis based on the adjunctive and target therapies. Moreover, we discuss the advances in host modulation of periodontitis and the impact of targeting epigenetic mechanisms approaches for a personalised therapeutic success in the management of periodontitis. In conclusion, the future goal in periodontology will be to combine and personalise the periodontal treatments to the colonising microbial profile and to the specific response of the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Dalessandri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Migliorati
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Genova, Largo Rossana Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets and Archwires by Optical Microscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. PROSTHESIS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis3040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The wear behaviour and chemical composition of orthodontic components influence the mechanical characteristics of a fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the surface alterations of different types of brackets (aesthetic, metallic, and conventional self-ligating) and archwires (superelastic and thermal) subjected to wear tests through optical microscopy and, subsequently, to identify the chemical elements of accessories by X-ray fluorescence. The cycles (5000 for each bracket and 10,000 for each wire) of the tribological test were carried out in dry conditions inside a machine that allows alternating sliding. The results of the study highlighted different wear behaviours even within the same type of brackets and archwires. The monocrystalline sapphire brackets maintain their aesthetic properties despite traces of wear inside the slots and contain minimal amounts of nickel. Superelastic NiTi archwires have a better overall rating than thermal wires, as they do not show significant surface wear alterations.
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Gopar-Cuevas Y, Duarte-Jurado AP, Diaz-Perez RN, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Loera-Arias MJ, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Pursuing Multiple Biomarkers for Early Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5517-5532. [PMID: 34350555 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks first in the world as a neurodegenerative movement disorder and occurs most commonly in an idiopathic form. PD patients may have motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and behavioral changes, and symptoms related to autonomic nervous system (ANS) failures, such as gastrointestinal, urinary, and cardiovascular symptoms. Unfortunately, the diagnostic accuracy of PD by general neurologists is relatively low. Currently, there is no objective molecular or biochemical test for PD; its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, mainly by cardinal motor symptoms, which manifest when patients have lost about 60-80% of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a panel of biomarkers for the early and accurate diagnosis of PD. Once the disease is accurately diagnosed, it may be easier to unravel idiopathic PD's pathogenesis, and ultimately, finding a cure. This review discusses several biomarkers' potential to set a panel for early idiopathic PD diagnosis and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yareth Gopar-Cuevas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana P Duarte-Jurado
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rosa N Diaz-Perez
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.,Departamento de Genética Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Delegación Nuevo León, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Maria J Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Thomas C, Minty M, Vinel A, Canceill T, Loubières P, Burcelin R, Kaddech M, Blasco-Baque V, Laurencin-Dalicieux S. Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1376. [PMID: 34441309 PMCID: PMC8391932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health and disease. Major oral infections, i.e., caries and periodontal diseases, are both responsible for and induced by oral microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is known to have an impact on other chronic systemic diseases, whether triggering or aggravating them, making the oral microbiota a novel target in diagnosing, following, and treating systemic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major roles that oral microbiota can play in systemic disease development and aggravation and also how novel tools can help investigate this complex ecosystem. Finally, we describe new therapeutic approaches based on oral bacterial recolonization or host modulation therapies. Collaboration in diagnosis and treatment between oral specialists and general health specialists is of key importance in bridging oral and systemic health and disease and improving patients' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thomas
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Canceill
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR CNRS 5085, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubières
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Remy Burcelin
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Myriam Kaddech
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations de Toulouse (CERPOP), Epidémiologie et Analyse en Santé Publique, Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
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An Overview of Physical, Microbiological and Immune Barriers of Oral Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157821. [PMID: 34360589 PMCID: PMC8346143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa, which is the lining tissue of the oral cavity, is a gateway to the body and it offers first-line protection against potential pathogens, exogenous chemicals, airborne allergens, etc. by means of its physical and microbiological-immune barrier functions. For this reason, oral mucosa is considered as a mirror to the health of the individual as well as a guard or early warning system. It is organized in two main components: a physical barrier, which consists of stratified epithelial cells and cell-cell junctions, and a microbiological-immune barrier that keeps the internal environment in a condition of homeostasis. Different factors, including microorganism, saliva, proteins and immune components, have been considered to play a critical role in disruption of oral epithelial barrier. Altered mucosal structure and barrier functions results in oral pathologies as well as systemic diseases. About 700 kinds of microorganisms exist in the human mouth, constituting the oral microbiota, which plays a significant role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system. The immune system maintains the symbiotic relationship of the host with this microbiota. Crosstalk between the oral microbiota and immune system includes various interactions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, after reviewing briefly the physical barriers of oral mucosa, the fundamentals of oral microbiome and oral mucosal immunity in regard to their barrier properties will be addressed. Furthermore, their importance in development of new diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for certain diseases as well as in the application for personalized medicine will be discussed.
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Downregulation of Salivary Proteins, Protective against Dental Caries, in Type 1 Diabetes. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030033. [PMID: 34287355 PMCID: PMC8293329 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva, an essential oral secretion involved in protecting the oral cavity’s hard and soft tissues, is readily available and straightforward to collect. Recent studies have analyzed the salivary proteome in children and adolescents with extensive carious lesions to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The current study aimed to investigate saliva’s diagnostic ability through proteomics to detect the potential differential expression of proteins specific for the occurrence of carious lesions. For this study, we performed bioinformatics and functional analysis of proteomic datasets, previously examined by our group, from samples of adolescents with regulated and unregulated type 1 diabetes, as they compare with healthy controls. Among the differentially expressed proteins relevant to caries pathology, alpha-amylase 2B, beta-defensin 4A, BPI fold containing family B member 2, protein S100-A7, mucin 5B, statherin, salivary proline-rich protein 2, and interleukin 36 gamma were significantly downregulated in poorly-controlled patients compared to healthy subjects. In addition, significant biological pathways (defense response to the bacterium, beta-defensin activity, proline-rich protein activity, oxygen binding, calcium binding, and glycosylation) were deregulated in this comparison, highlighting specific molecular characteristics in the cariogenic process. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in caries vulnerability in adolescents with unregulated diabetes.
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Nemec M, Mittinger N, Bertl M, Liu E, Jonke E, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Salivary MRP-8/14 and the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria in children with bonded maxillary expansion treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3767-3774. [PMID: 33270150 PMCID: PMC8137619 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate changes in saliva concentration of the inflammatory marker MRP-8/14 and the presence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria in patients with mixed dentition treated with a rigid acrylic, bonded maxillary expander. METHODS Fifteen patients in mixed dentition treated with a bonded palatal expander were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Saliva samples were taken before the therapy, as well as in 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the beginning of the therapy. In each sample, the levels of MRP-8/14 were determined by ELISA and the presence of 11 bacteria was detected by PCR followed by DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Salivary concentration of MRP-8/14 and the amount of Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly increased during treatment with bonded maxillary expander. These changes were transient and the maximal levels of MRP-8/14 and periodontitis-associated pathogens were observed 6-9 months after the beginning of the therapy. CONCLUSION Therapy with bonded maxillary results in higher MRP-8/14 levels and increased prevalence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria, namely T. forsythia, T. denticola, and E. corrodens. The results suggest the detection of salivary MRP-8/14 levels may be a potential tool to reflect the oral health status in children with fixed orthodontic treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that the treatment with bonded maxillary expander might influence the oral health status and should be accompanied by the careful control of the oral health during the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nemec
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Mittinger
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bertl
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emanuela Liu
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Jia L, Yang Z, Sun L, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Chen Y, Dai Y, Xia Y. A three-dimensional-printed SPION/PLGA scaffold for enhanced palate-bone regeneration and concurrent alteration of the oral microbiota in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112173. [PMID: 34082974 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold implantation for the repair of oral bone defects involves an interplay between the scaffold biomaterial and the microenvironment. However, previous studies on this subject have only considered the effects of the immune system and largely ignored those of the oral microbiota. Accordingly, in the present study, we prepared composite scaffolds comprising a three-dimensional poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) matrix with a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) coating and used a rat model to evaluate their palate-bone-regenerating effects and their interaction with the oral microbiota. It was found that the SPION coated scaffold induced better bone regeneration than that achieved by the controls. Furthermore, it significantly decreased the operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers as determined by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing, and also resulted in decreased Chao and ACE alpha diversity indexes compared with those of the controls. However, it had no effect on beta diversity. SPION coated scaffolds caused a shift in oral bacterial composition characterized by a decrease in the Clostridium spp. population, and the dominant flora being Proteobacteria. Furthermore, SPION coated scaffolds upregulated the concentration of serum iron, hepcidin, and P1NP. Thus, SPION coated scaffolds enhanced bone regeneration, and this effect was partly related to alteration of the oral microbiota by the antibacterial effects of SPION. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role of oral microbiota in oral bone regeneration and how SPION coated scaffolds can be used to enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zukun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Liuxu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Corona laboratory, Nanjing Suman Plasma Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211162, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Liu YK, Chen V, He JZ, Zheng X, Xu X, Zhou XD. A salivary microbiome-based auxiliary diagnostic model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105118. [PMID: 33930650 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that oral microbiota composition is altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus, implying that it is a potential biomarker for diabetes. This study aimed at constructing a noninvasive auxiliary diagnostic model for diabetes based on differences in the salivary microbial community. DESIGN Salivary microbiota from 24 treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 21 healthy populations were detected through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeting the V3/V4 region using the MiSeq platform. Salivary microbiome diversity and composition were analyzed so as to establish a diagnostic model for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Salivary microbiome for treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was imbalanced with certain taxa, including Slackia, Mitsuokella, Abiotrophia, and Parascardovia that being significantly dominant, while the abundance of Moraxella was high in healthy controls. Diabetic patients exhibited varying levels of Prevotella nanceiensis and Prevotella melaninogenica which were negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels, as well as fasting blood glucose levels, respectively. Based on differences in salivary microbiome composition between diabetic and healthy groups, we developed a diagnostic model that can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with an accuracy of 80 %. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate on the differences in salivary microbiome compositions between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and the diagnostic model provides a promising approach for the noninvasive auxiliary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kun Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Vivian Chen
- UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.
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62
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Grischke J, Szafrański SP, Muthukumarasamy U, Haeussler S, Stiesch M. Removable denture is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and facilitates expansion of specific periodontopathogens: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:173. [PMID: 33794847 PMCID: PMC8017824 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of peri-implantitis ranges between 7 and 38.4% depending on risk indicators such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of periodontal maintenance program, and history or presence of periodontitis. Currently, the possible effect of the type of superstructure on peri-implant health is unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the influence of the superstructure on the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis and peri-implant dysbiosis. Methods During a 32-month recruitment period dental implants were assessed to diagnose healthy peri-implant tissues, mucositis or peri-implantitis. The study included 1097 implants in 196 patients. Out of all peri-implantitis cases 20 randomly chosen submucosal biofilms from implants with fixed denture (FD) originating from 13 patients and 11 biofilms from implants with removable dentures (RD) originating from 3 patients were studied for microbiome analysis. Composition of transcriptionally active biofilms was revealed by RNAseq. Metatranscriptomic profiles were created for thirty-one peri-implant biofilms suffering from peri-implantitis and microbiome changes associated with superstructure types were identified. Results 16.41% of the implants were diagnosed with peri-implantitis, 25.00% of implants with RD and 12.68% of implants with FD, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant positive association on patient (p = < 0.001) and implant level (p = 0.03) between the prevalence of peri-implantitis and RD. Eight bacterial species were associated either with FD or RD by linear discriminant analysis effect size method. However, significant intergroup confounders (e.g. smoking) were present. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present work, RDs appear to be a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and seem to facilitate expansion of specific periodontopathogens. Potential ecological and pathological consequences of shift in microbiome from RDs towards higher activity of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies animalis and Prevotella intermedia require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Grischke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Szymon P Szafrański
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Clinical and Experimental Research, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Haeussler
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Clinical and Experimental Research, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany
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63
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Design and characterization of digluconate and diacetate chlorhexidine loaded-PLGA microparticles for dental applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Salivary Biomarkers for Dental Caries Detection and Personalized Monitoring. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030235. [PMID: 33806927 PMCID: PMC8004821 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of salivary bacterial and protein markers for evaluating the disease status in healthy individuals or patients with gingivitis or caries. Saliva samples from caries- and gingivitis-free individuals (n = 18), patients with gingivitis (n = 17), or patients with deep caries lesions (n = 38) were collected and analyzed for 44 candidate biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, a metallopeptidase inhibitor, proteolytic enzymes, and selected oral bacteria). The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis and used as a training set for random forest (RF) modeling. This computational analysis revealed four biomarkers (IL-4, IL-13, IL-2-RA, and eotaxin/CCL11) to be of high importance for the correct depiction of caries in 37 of 38 patients. The RF model was then used to classify 10 subjects (five caries-/gingivitis-free and five with caries), who were followed over a period of six months. The results were compared to the clinical assessments of dental specialists, revealing a high correlation between the RF prediction and the clinical classification. Due to the superior sensitivity of the RF model, there was a divergence in the prediction of two caries and four caries-/gingivitis-free subjects. These findings suggest IL-4, IL-13, IL-2-RA, and eotaxin/CCL11 as potential salivary biomarkers for identifying noninvasive caries. Furthermore, we suggest a potential association between JAK/STAT signaling and dental caries onset and progression.
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65
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Bostanci N, Krog MC, Hugerth LW, Bashir Z, Fransson E, Boulund F, Belibasakis GN, Wannerberger K, Engstrand L, Nielsen HS, Schuppe-Koistinen I. Dysbiosis of the Human Oral Microbiome During the Menstrual Cycle and Vulnerability to the External Exposures of Smoking and Dietary Sugar. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:625229. [PMID: 33816334 PMCID: PMC8018275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.625229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological hormonal fluctuations exert endogenous pressures on the structure and function of the human microbiome. As such, the menstrual cycle may selectively disrupt the homeostasis of the resident oral microbiome, thus compromising oral health. Hence, the aim of the present study was to structurally and functionally profile the salivary microbiome of 103 women in reproductive age with regular menstrual cycle, while evaluating the modifying influences of hormonal contraceptives, sex hormones, diet, and smoking. Whole saliva was sampled during the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases (n = 309) of the cycle, and the participants reported questionnaire-based data concerning their life habits and oral or systemic health. No significant differences in alpha-diversity or phase-specific clustering of the overall microbiome were observed. Nevertheless, the salivary abundances of genera Campylobacter, Haemophilus, Prevotella, and Oribacterium varied throughout the cycle, and a higher species-richness was observed during the luteal phase. While the overall community structure maintained relatively intact, its functional properties were drastically affected. In particular, 11 functional modules were differentially abundant throughout the menstrual cycle, including pentose phosphate metabolism, and biosynthesis of cobalamin and neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. The menstrual cycle phase, but not oral contraceptive usage, was accountable for greater variations in the metabolic pathways of the salivary microbiome. Further co-risk factor analysis demonstrated that Prevotella and Veillonella were increased in current smokers, whereas high dietary sugar consumption modified the richness and diversity of the microbiome during the cycle. This is the first large study to systematically address dysbiotic variations of the oral microbiome during the course of menstrual cycle, and document the additive effect of smoking and sugar consumption as environmental risk factors. It reveals the structural resilience and functional adaptability of the oral microbiome to the endogenous hormonal pressures of the menstrual cycle, while revealing its vulnerability to the exogenous exposures of diet and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Christine Krog
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Units, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Luisa W Hugerth
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Bashir
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Units, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Emma Fransson
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Units, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Schuppe-Koistinen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rowińska I, Szyperska-Ślaska A, Zariczny P, Pasławski R, Kramkowski K, Kowalczyk P. The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1444. [PMID: 33809616 PMCID: PMC8001659 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is a concise compendium of knowledge on the etiology of pathogenic microorganisms of all complexes causing oral diseases. The influence of particular components of the diet and the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases were described. The study investigated the bacteriostatic effect of the diet of adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on the formation of bacterial biofilms living in the subgingival plaque, causing diseases called periodontitis. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are bacteria of all complexes, including the red complex. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a specific diet in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases-already treated as a disease of civilization. The quoted article is an innovative compilation of knowledge on this subject and it can be a valuable source of knowledge for professional hygienists, dentists, peridontologists, dentistry students and anyone who cares about proper oral hygiene. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using this type of diet in the prophylaxis of the oral cavity in order to avoid periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rowińska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Piotr Zariczny
- Toruń City Hall, Business Support Center in Toruń, ul. Marii Konopnickiej 13, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, str. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1str, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Khor B, Snow M, Herrman E, Ray N, Mansukhani K, Patel KA, Said-Al-Naief N, Maier T, Machida CA. Interconnections Between the Oral and Gut Microbiomes: Reversal of Microbial Dysbiosis and the Balance Between Systemic Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:496. [PMID: 33652903 PMCID: PMC7996936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota represents a complex array of microbial species that influence the balance between the health and pathology of their surrounding environment. These microorganisms impart important biological benefits to their host, such as immune regulation and resistance to pathogen colonization. Dysbiosis of microbial communities in the gut and mouth precede many oral and systemic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune-related conditions, and inflammatory states, and can involve the breakdown of innate barriers, immune dysregulation, pro-inflammatory signaling, and molecular mimicry. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontitis-associated pathogens can translocate to distant sites to elicit severe local and systemic pathologies, which necessitates research into future therapies. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics represent current modes of treatment to reverse microbial dysbiosis through the introduction of health-related bacterial species and substrates. Furthermore, the emerging field of precision medicine has been shown to be an effective method in modulating host immune response through targeting molecular biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. Although connections between the human microbiome, immune system, and systemic disease are becoming more apparent, the complex interplay and future innovations in treatment modalities will become elucidated through continued research and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Khor
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Michael Snow
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Elisa Herrman
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Nicholas Ray
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Kunal Mansukhani
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Karan A. Patel
- Academic DMD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (N.R.); (K.M.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Nasser Said-Al-Naief
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (N.S.-A.-N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tom Maier
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (N.S.-A.-N.); (T.M.)
| | - Curtis A. Machida
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (N.S.-A.-N.); (T.M.)
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Balan P, Ong MMA, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Seneviratne CJ. Metagenomic sequencing provides new insights into the subgingival bacteriome and aetiopathology of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:205-218. [PMID: 33410172 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
"Open-ended" molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing have revealed that the oral bacteriome of subgingival plaque is more diverse than originally thought. 16S rRNA analysis has demonstrated that constituents of the overall bacterial community are qualitatively similar in health and disease, differing mainly in their relative proportions with respect to each other. Species in low abundance can also act as critical species, leading to the concept of global community dysbiosis which relates to shifts in community structure, rather than shifts in membership. Correlation analysis suggests that coordinated interactions in the community are essential for incipient dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis. The subgingival bacteriome also provides biomarkers that are useful for disease detection and management. Combined with clinical and biological parameters, these may assist clinicians in developing and implementing effective treatment strategies to restore microbial homeostasis and monitor disease. Identification of higher risk groups or poor responders to treatment using unique subgingival bacteriome signatures may also lead to early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John R H Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Balan
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne M A Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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69
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Walther C, Zumbülte S, Faerber CM, Wierichs RJ, Meyer-Lueckel H, Conrads G, Henne K, Esteves-Oliveira M. Analysis of relative bacterial activity and lactate dehydrogenase gene expression of caries-associated bacteria in a site-specific natural biofilm: an ex vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3669-3679. [PMID: 33226500 PMCID: PMC8137627 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Detecting bacterial activity is considered a promising approach to monitor shifts from symbiosis to dysbiosis in oral microbiome. The present study aimed at investigating both the relative bacterial activity and the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene expression of caries-associated bacteria in a site-specific natural biofilm. Material and methods Sixty subjects (age, mean ± SE: 30.1 ± 1.4) were allocated to two groups: caries-free subjects (CF) or caries-active subjects (CA). CF presented one sound surface (CFS, n = 30). CA presented two donor sites: a cavitated caries lesion (CAC, n = 30) and a sound reference surface (CAS, n = 30). Real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) on species or genus level and total bacteria was performed targeting the 16S gene, the 16S rRNA, the ldh gene, and the ldh mRNA (increasing 16S ribosomal RNA copy numbers can function as an indicator of increased energy metabolism). As the 16S rRNA abundance represents the number of ribosomes, while the 16S gene abundance represents the number of genomes, the quotient of the relative abundances functions as a measure for the relative bacterial activity (%). Results Both lactobacilli and S. mutans showed the highest relative bacterial activity in CAC ((mean ± SE) 218 ± 60% and 61 ± 16%, respectively) and the lowest values for both sound reference surfaces (69 ± 48%; 8 ± 3%). Significant differences were found between CAC and CAS as well as between CAC and CFS for both lactobacilli and S. mutans (p < 0.05). The ldh gene expression of lactobacilli and S. mutans only showed moderate values in CAC (1.90E+03 ± 2.11E+03; 2.08E+04 ± 4.44E+04 transcripts/μl) and CFS (2.04E+03 ± 2.74E+03; 8.16E+03 ± 6.64E+03 transcripts/μl); consequently no significant differences were detected. Conclusion and clinical relevance Caries-associated bacteria (lactobacilli and S. mutans) showed the highest relative bacterial activity in plaque of cavitated lesions, the lowest in sound surfaces, allowing the detection of a significant activity shift in health and disease for caries-active patients. However, no significant differences in ldh gene expression could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Walther
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Zumbülte
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Faerber
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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70
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Dilber E, Hagenfeld D, Ehmke B, Faggion CM. A systematic review on bacterial community changes after periodontal therapy with and without systemic antibiotics: An analysis with a wider lens. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:785-800. [PMID: 32990996 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive view on microbial community shifts after periodontal therapy with and without systemic antibiotics, conducted in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Search functions in PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Oral Health Library databases were used to locate studies published up to December 2018 that reported at least two bacteria before and after periodontal therapy. Gray literature and manual searching were done. Information about reported bacteria in those studies were extracted, and a descriptive microbial community analysis was conducted to observe trends and influencing factors on microbial dynamics. Methodological aspects were examined, including the bacterial detection method, heterogeneity of procedures, and risk of bias (RoB) of the studies. RESULTS The 30 included studies reported 130 different bacterial genera. Four different detection methods were reported: cultivation, polymerase chain reaction, DNA-DNA-checkerboard hybridization, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. No general compositional change between the antibiotic and placebo groups could be found after therapy on the community level. Fifty-five bacteria were reported in two or more studies. Of those, 24 genera decreased and 13 increased more frequently after antibiotic use. Great heterogeneity between procedures and variability in RoB were found among the studies. CONCLUSIONS Microbial shifts occurred regardless of the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy seems to induce more changes in single bacteria. The heterogeneity in methods and reporting of the included studies preclude clinical recommendations on the use or not of adjunctive antibiotics. The present results may guide further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Dilber
- General Dental Practice, Hamm(Westf.), Germany.,Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Hagenfeld
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ehmke
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Clovis Mariano Faggion
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Costa RC, Souza JGS, Bertolini M, Retamal-Valdes B, Feres M, Barão VAR. Extracellular biofilm matrix leads to microbial dysbiosis and reduces biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials on titanium biomaterial: An in vitro and in situ study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:1173-1186. [PMID: 32894779 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) polymers matrix to modulate the composition/virulence of biofilms growing on titanium (Ti) surfaces, the effect on antibiotic susceptibility, and whether a dual-targeting therapy approach for disrupted EPS matrix could improve the antimicrobial effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microcosm biofilm model using human saliva as inoculum was used, and the microbial composition was assessed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. EPS-enriched biofilms virulence was tested using fibroblast monolayer. Povidone-iodine (PI) was used as EPS-targeting agent followed by amoxicillin + metronidazole antibiotic to reduce bacterial biomass using an in situ model. RESULTS An EPS-enriched environment, obtained by sucrose exposure, promoted bacterial accumulation and led to a dysbiosis on biofilms, favoring the growth of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter species and even strict anaerobic species related to peri-implant infections, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia (~3-fold increase). EPS-enriched biofilm transitioned from a commensal aerobic to a pathogenic anaerobic profile. EPS increased biofilm virulence promoting higher host cell damage and reduced antimicrobial susceptibility, but the use of a dual-targeting approach with PI pre-treatment disrupted EPS matrix scaffold, increasing antibiotic effect on in situ biofilms. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data provide new insights of how EPS matrix creates an environment that favors putative pathogens growth and shed light to a promising approach that uses matrix disruption as initial step to potentially improve implant-related infections treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Silva Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Jurczak A, Jamka-Kasprzyk M, Bębenek Z, Staszczyk M, Jagielski P, Kościelniak D, Gregorczyk-Maga I, Kołodziej I, Kępisty M, Kukurba-Setkowicz M, Bryll A, Krzyściak W. Differences in Sweet Taste Perception and Its Association with the Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Profile in Preschool Children with Caries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092592. [PMID: 32858903 PMCID: PMC7551438 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis about differences in sweet taste perception in the group of preschool children with and without caries, and to determine its relationship with cariogenic microbiota and the frequency of sweets consumption in children. The study group included of 63 children aged 2–6 years: 32 with caries and 31 without caries. The study consisted of collecting questionnaire data and assessment of dental status using the decayed, missing, filled in primary teeth index (dmft) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). The evaluation of sweet taste perception was carried out using a specific method that simultaneously assessed the level of taste preferences and the sensitivity threshold for a given taste. The microbiological analysis consisted of the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the oral microbiota of the examined children. The sweet taste perception of children with caries was characterized by a lower susceptibility to sucrose (the preferred sucrose solution concentration was >4 g/L) compared to children without caries (in the range ≤ 4 g/L, p = 0.0015, chi-square test). A similar relationship was also observed for frequent snacking between meals (p = 0.0038, chi-square test). The analysis of studied variables showed the existence of a strong positive correlation between the perception of sweet taste and the occurrence and intensity of the cariogenic process (p = 0.007 for dmft; and p = 0.012 for ICDAS II), as well as the frequency of consuming sweets (p ≤ 0.001 for frequent and repeated consumption of sweets during the day, Spearman test) in children with caries. Additionally, children with an elevated sucrose taste threshold were more than 10-times more likely to develop S. mutans presence (OR = 10.21; 95% CI 3.11–33.44). The results of this study suggest the future use of taste preferences in children as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of increased susceptibility to caries through microbial dysbiosis towards specific species of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Zuzanna Bębenek
- Department of Mycology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Staszczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Grzegórzecka St 20, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Kołodziej
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kępisty
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kukurba-Setkowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-57-60
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73
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Yan Y, Yang T, Xia Y, Chen H. Patients With Reflux Esophagitis Possess a Possible Different Oral Microbiota Compared With Healthy Controls. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1000. [PMID: 32733243 PMCID: PMC7358540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Reflux Esophagitis (RE) is caused by a variety of factors including anatomical and functional alterations involved in the pathogenesis. Oral microbiota is influenced by many factors such as heredity, nutrition, environments and host conditions, but little is known about relationship between oral microbiota and RE. The aim of this study was to explore whether the oral microbiota is changed in patients with RE. Methods To clarify this correlation, fresh saliva samples from all subjects were collected and then oral microorganism diversity was analysed in 55 patients with RE and 51 controls via hypervariable tag sequencing and analyzing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene. Results There was no difference found in oral microbial diversity between RE patients and healthy controls by Shannon diversity index (p=0.60) and Simpson diversity index (p= 0.38). The abundance of Proteobacteria was lower, but Bacteroidetes was higher in patients with RE at the phylum level. At the genus level the abundances of Prevotella, Veillonella, Megasphaera, Peptostreptococcus, Atopobium, Oribacterium, Eubacterium, and Lachnoanaerobaculum were increased, while Neisseria, Streptococcus, Rothia, Granulicatella, Gemella, Aggregatibacter, Treponema, Campylobacter, Filifactor, Corynebacterium, and Lactivibrio were decreased in RE patients than the controls. Conclusions Our study suggested oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with RE, and identified bacterial species with potential biomarker significance. Further studies are required to understand role of oral microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Qiaofei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yifan Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanli Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
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74
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Belibasakis GN. Grand Challenges in Oral Infections and Microbes. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2020; 1:2. [PMID: 35047975 PMCID: PMC8757780 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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75
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Bostanci N. Revisiting "-omics" in Oral Health and Disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900022. [PMID: 32426939 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Disease, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14104, Sweden
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76
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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77
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Gavriilidou NN, Belibasakis GN. Root caries: the intersection between periodontal disease and dental caries in the course of ageing. Br Dent J 2020; 227:1063-1067. [PMID: 31873267 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Caries and periodontitis are the primary non-communicable oral diseases among elderly individuals. The burden of the disease increases with ageing, particularly as the elderly are tending to retain more teeth due to improvement of oral health measures and increased life expectancy. Root caries represents itself as an overlapping pathology, but not necessarily a summation of the two diseases. This narrative commentary discusses the cross-boundary nature of root caries, a periodontal-cariological condition, taking into account the multi-morbidities of ageing. The evidence includes epidemiological and pathophysiological features of root caries, and specific influencing factors of ageing, such as xerostomia, polypharmacy, functional and cognitive impairment and oral ecological alterations. Active or previous history of periodontal disease poses a risk for root caries, whereas the systemic co-morbidities of ageing may also increase the susceptibility to this pathology. It is plausible that root caries is the net outcome of coexisting risk for these conditions. There exists no standardised system for risk assessment and diagnosis that takes into account the interactive effect of caries, periodontitis and the constellation of age-specific influencing factors. As restorative treatment is challenging, cost-effective prevention and diagnosis methods are needed for vulnerable elderly populations. These may include improved clinical registration methods and establishment of individualised prevention and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha N Gavriilidou
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allè 8, 14104, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allè 8, 14104, Huddinge, Sweden
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Belibasakis GN, Maula T, Bao K, Lindholm M, Bostanci N, Oscarsson J, Ihalin R, Johansson A. Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Pathogens 2019; 8:E222. [PMID: 31698835 PMCID: PMC6963787 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a periodontal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity of a large proportion of the human population. It is equipped with several potent virulence factors that can cause cell death and induce or evade inflammation. Because of the large genetic diversity within the species, both harmless and highly virulent genotypes of the bacterium have emerged. The oral condition and age, as well as the geographic origin of the individual, influence the risk to be colonized by a virulent genotype of the bacterium. In the present review, the virulence and pathogenicity properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Terhi Maula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (T.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Mark Lindholm
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (T.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
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Mascitti M, Togni L, Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Gissi DB, Montebugnoli L, Procaccini M, Lo Muzio L, Santarelli A. Beyond Head and Neck Cancer: The Relationship Between Oral Microbiota and Tumour Development in Distant Organs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:232. [PMID: 31297343 PMCID: PMC6607058 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered oral microbiota has been linked with the development of several oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral stomatitis. Moreover, poor oral health has been linked to head and neck cancer, particularly oral cancer. In recent years a growing number of studies indicate that oral microbiota could be involved in the development of primary tumours outside of head and neck region. The aim of this article is to review the recent studies based on high-throughput technology to present evidences of a relationship between oral microbiota and "non-head and neck tumours." Oral dysbiosis seem to be more pronounced in patients with tumours of gastrointestinal tract, in particular oesophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, paving the way for developing specific oral microbiota test to allow early cancer detection. Regarding other tumour types, the results are promising but highly preliminary and still debated. Currently, there are several factors that limit the generalization of the results, such as the small sample size, the lack of adequate clinical information about patients, the different sequencing techniques used, and biological sample heterogeneity. Although only at the beginning, the analysis of oral microbiota could be the next step in the evolution of cancer therapy and will help clinicians to develop individualised approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Procaccini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Dental Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Dental Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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