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Abstract
Bobola previews work from the Schulte laboratory showing that the atypical homeodomain protein MEIS2 facilitates chromatin accessibility of transcriptionally inactive genes in neuronal differentiation. How transcription factors (TFs) control enhancer and promoter functions to effect changes in gene expression is an important question. In this issue, Hau et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201701154) show that the TALE TF MEIS recruits the histone modifier PARP1/ARTD1 at promoters to decompact chromatin and activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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52
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De Kumar B, Parker HJ, Paulson A, Parrish ME, Pushel I, Singh NP, Zhang Y, Slaughter BD, Unruh JR, Florens L, Zeitlinger J, Krumlauf R. HOXA1 and TALE proteins display cross-regulatory interactions and form a combinatorial binding code on HOXA1 targets. Genome Res 2017; 27:1501-1512. [PMID: 28784834 PMCID: PMC5580710 DOI: 10.1101/gr.219386.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hoxa1 has diverse functional roles in differentiation and development. We identify and characterize properties of regions bound by HOXA1 on a genome-wide basis in differentiating mouse ES cells. HOXA1-bound regions are enriched for clusters of consensus binding motifs for HOX, PBX, and MEIS, and many display co-occupancy of PBX and MEIS. PBX and MEIS are members of the TALE family and genome-wide analysis of multiple TALE members (PBX, MEIS, TGIF, PREP1, and PREP2) shows that nearly all HOXA1 targets display occupancy of one or more TALE members. The combinatorial binding patterns of TALE proteins define distinct classes of HOXA1 targets, which may create functional diversity. Transgenic reporter assays in zebrafish confirm enhancer activities for many HOXA1-bound regions and the importance of HOX-PBX and TGIF motifs for their regulation. Proteomic analyses show that HOXA1 physically interacts on chromatin with PBX, MEIS, and PREP family members, but not with TGIF, suggesting that TGIF may have an independent input into HOXA1-bound regions. Therefore, TALE proteins appear to represent a wide repertoire of HOX cofactors, which may coregulate enhancers through distinct mechanisms. We also discover extensive auto- and cross-regulatory interactions among the Hoxa1 and TALE genes, indicating that the specificity of HOXA1 during development may be regulated though a complex cross-regulatory network of HOXA1 and TALE proteins. This study provides new insight into a regulatory network involving combinatorial interactions between HOXA1 and TALE proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bony De Kumar
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Hugo J Parker
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Ariel Paulson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Mark E Parrish
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Irina Pushel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Brian D Slaughter
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.,Department of Pathology
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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53
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Hau AC, Grebbin BM, Agoston Z, Anders-Maurer M, Müller T, Groß A, Kolb J, Langer JD, Döring C, Schulte D. MEIS homeodomain proteins facilitate PARP1/ARTD1-mediated eviction of histone H1. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2715-2729. [PMID: 28739678 PMCID: PMC5584172 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1/ARTD1 induces chromatin opening by posttranslational modification of the linker histone H1, but how PARP1 is targeted to physiologically correct gene loci is poorly understood. Hau et al. show that in differentiating neurons, PARP1 is rapidly and specifically recruited to a neuron-specific promoter by the atypical homeodomain protein MEIS2. Pre–B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) and myeloid ecotropic viral integration site (MEIS) proteins control cell fate decisions in many physiological and pathophysiological contexts, but how these proteins function mechanistically remains poorly defined. Focusing on the first hours of neuronal differentiation of adult subventricular zone–derived stem/progenitor cells, we describe a sequence of events by which PBX-MEIS facilitates chromatin accessibility of transcriptionally inactive genes: In undifferentiated cells, PBX1 is bound to the H1-compacted promoter/proximal enhancer of the neuron-specific gene doublecortin (Dcx). Once differentiation is induced, MEIS associates with chromatin-bound PBX1, recruits PARP1/ARTD1, and initiates PARP1-mediated eviction of H1 from the chromatin fiber. These results for the first time link MEIS proteins to PARP-regulated chromatin dynamics and provide a mechanistic basis to explain the profound cellular changes elicited by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Hau
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Britta Moyo Grebbin
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Agoston
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie Anders-Maurer
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamara Müller
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Groß
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmine Kolb
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julian D Langer
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology, Edinger Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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54
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Salminen AV, Garrett L, Schormair B, Rozman J, Giesert F, Niedermeier KM, Becker L, Rathkolb B, Rácz I, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Wolf E, Zimmer A, Gailus-Durner V, Torres M, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Wurst W, Hölter SM, Winkelmann J. Meis1: effects on motor phenotypes and the sensorimotor system in mice. Dis Model Mech 2017. [PMID: 28645892 PMCID: PMC5560065 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MEIS1 encodes a developmental transcription factor and has been linked to restless legs syndrome (RLS) in genome-wide association studies. RLS is a movement disorder leading to severe sleep reduction and has a substantial impact on the quality of life of patients. In genome-wide association studies, MEIS1 has consistently been the gene with the highest effect size and functional studies suggest a disease-relevant downregulation. Therefore, haploinsufficiency of Meis1 could be the system with the most potential for modeling RLS in animals. We used heterozygous Meis1-knockout mice to study the effects of Meis1 haploinsufficiency on mouse behavioral and neurological phenotypes, and to relate the findings to human RLS. We exposed the Meis1-deficient mice to assays of motor, sensorimotor and cognitive ability, and assessed the effect of a dopaminergic receptor 2/3 agonist commonly used in the treatment of RLS. The mutant mice showed a pattern of circadian hyperactivity, which is compatible with human RLS. Moreover, we discovered a replicable prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficit in the Meis1-deficient animals. In addition, these mice were hyposensitive to the PPI-reducing effect of the dopaminergic receptor agonist, highlighting a role of Meis1 in the dopaminergic system. Other reported phenotypes include enhanced social recognition at an older age that was not related to alterations in adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis previously shown to be implicated in this behavior. In conclusion, the Meis1-deficient mice fulfill some of the hallmarks of an RLS animal model, and revealed the role of Meis1 in sensorimotor gating and in the dopaminergic systems modulating it. Summary: Loss of Meis1 results in motor restlessness in mice, a phenotype resembling human restless legs syndrome, as well as altered sensorimotor gating and improved social discrimination memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaro V Salminen
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina M Niedermeier
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ildikó Rácz
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miguel Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Neurologic Clinic, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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55
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Niu Y, Sengupta M, Titov AA, Choi SC, Morel L. The PBX1 lupus susceptibility gene regulates CD44 expression. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:148-154. [PMID: 28257976 PMCID: PMC5389453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PBX1-d is novel splice isoform of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) that lacks its DNA-binding and Hox-binding domains, and functions as a dominant negative. We have shown that PBX1-d expression in CD4+ T cells is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a mouse model as well as in human subjects. More specifically, PBX1-d expression leads to the production of autoreactive activated CD4+ T cells, a reduced frequency and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and an expansion of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Very little is known about the function of PBX1 in T cells, except that it directly regulates the expression of miRNAs associated with Treg and Tfh homeostasis. In the present study, we show that PBX1 directly regulated the expression of CD44, a marker of T cell activation. Two PBX1 binding sites in the promoter directly regulated CD44 expression, with PBX1-d driving a higher expression than the normal isoform PBX1-b. In addition, mutations in each of the two binding sites had different effects of PBX1-b and PBX1-d. Finally, we showed that an enhanced recruitment of co-factor MEIS by PBX1-d over PBX1-b, while there was no difference for co-factor PREP1 recruitment. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the lupus-associated PBX1-d isoform directly transactivates CD44, a marker of CD44 activation and memory, and that it has different DNA binding and co-factor recruitment relative to the normal isoform. Taken together, these results confirm that PBX1 directly regulates genes related to T cell activation and shows that the lupus-associated isoform PBX1-d has unique molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Niu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Mayami Sengupta
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
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56
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Blasi F, Bruckmann C, Penkov D, Dardaei L. A tale of TALE, PREP1, PBX1, and MEIS1: Interconnections and competition in cancer. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Blasi
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Chiara Bruckmann
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Charlestown MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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57
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New Insights into Cooperative Binding of Homeodomain Transcription Factors PREP1 and PBX1 to DNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40665. [PMID: 28094776 PMCID: PMC5240567 DOI: 10.1038/srep40665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PREP1 and PBX1 are homeodomain (HD) transcription factors that play crucial roles in embryonic development. Here, we present the first biophysical characterization of a PREP1 HD, and the NMR spectroscopic study of its DNA binding pocket. The data show that residues flanking the HD participate in DNA binding. The kinetic parameters for DNA binding of individual PREP1 and PBX1 HDs, and of their combination, show that isolated PREP1 and PBX1 HDs bind to DNA in a cooperative manner. A novel PREP1 motif, flanking the HD at the C-terminus, is required for cooperativity.
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58
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The Gene Regulatory Network of Lens Induction Is Wired through Meis-Dependent Shadow Enhancers of Pax6. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006441. [PMID: 27918583 PMCID: PMC5137874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lens induction is a classical developmental model allowing investigation of cell specification, spatiotemporal control of gene expression, as well as how transcription factors are integrated into highly complex gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Pax6 represents a key node in the gene regulatory network governing mammalian lens induction. Meis1 and Meis2 homeoproteins are considered as essential upstream regulators of Pax6 during lens morphogenesis based on their interaction with the ectoderm enhancer (EE) located upstream of Pax6 transcription start site. Despite this generally accepted regulatory pathway, Meis1-, Meis2- and EE-deficient mice have surprisingly mild eye phenotypes at placodal stage of lens development. Here, we show that simultaneous deletion of Meis1 and Meis2 in presumptive lens ectoderm results in arrested lens development in the pre-placodal stage, and neither lens placode nor lens is formed. We found that in the presumptive lens ectoderm of Meis1/Meis2 deficient embryos Pax6 expression is absent. We demonstrate using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) that in addition to EE, Meis homeoproteins bind to a remote, ultraconserved SIMO enhancer of Pax6. We further show, using in vivo gene reporter analyses, that the lens-specific activity of SIMO enhancer is dependent on the presence of three Meis binding sites, phylogenetically conserved from man to zebrafish. Genetic ablation of EE and SIMO enhancers demostrates their requirement for lens induction and uncovers an apparent redundancy at early stages of lens development. These findings identify a genetic requirement for Meis1 and Meis2 during the early steps of mammalian eye development. Moreover, they reveal an apparent robustness in the gene regulatory mechanism whereby two independent "shadow enhancers" maintain critical levels of a dosage-sensitive gene, Pax6, during lens induction.
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59
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Ramberg H, Grytli HH, Nygård S, Wang W, Ögren O, Zhao S, Løvf M, Katz B, Skotheim RI, Bjartell A, Eri LM, Berge V, Svindland A, Taskén KA. PBX3 is a putative biomarker of aggressive prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1810-20. [PMID: 27273830 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need to identify new and better prognostic and predictive biomarkers to stratify prostate cancer patients for optimal treatment. The aims of this study were to characterize the expression profile of pre-B cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) transcription factors in prostate cancer with an emphasis on investigating whether PBX3 harbours any prognostic value. The expression profile of PBX3 and PBX1 in prostate tissue was determined by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, the expression of PBX3 transcript variants was analyzed by RT-PCR, NanoString Technologies®, and by analyzing RNA sequence data. The potential of PBX3 to predict prognosis, either at mRNA or protein level, was studied in four independent cohorts. PBX3 was mainly expressed in the nucleus of normal prostate basal cells, while it showed cytosolic expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer cells. We detected four PBX3 transcript variants in prostate tissue. Competing risk regression analysis revealed that high PBX3 expression was associated with slower progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (sub-hazard ratio (SHR) 0.18, 95% CI: 0.081-0.42, p values < 0.001). PBX3 expression had a high predictive accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82) when combined with Gleason score and age. Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with high levels of PBX3 mRNA, had improved prostate cancer specific survival compared to patients expressing low levels (SHR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.46-0.93, p values < 0.001, and AUC = 0.75). Our findings strongly indicate that PBX3 has potential as a biomarker, both as part of a larger gene panel and as an immunohistochemical marker, for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olov Ögren
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marthe Løvf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Magne Eri
- Department of Urology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Department of Pathology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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60
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Villaescusa JC, Li B, Toledo EM, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Yang S, Stott SR, Kaiser K, Islam S, Gyllborg D, Laguna-Goya R, Landreh M, Lönnerberg P, Falk A, Bergman T, Barker RA, Linnarsson S, Selleri L, Arenas E. A PBX1 transcriptional network controls dopaminergic neuron development and is impaired in Parkinson's disease. EMBO J 2016; 35:1963-78. [PMID: 27354364 PMCID: PMC5282836 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) transcription factors are known to regulate organogenesis, but their molecular targets and function in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases are unknown. Here, we show that PBX1 controls a novel transcriptional network required for mDAn specification and survival, which is sufficient to generate mDAn from human stem cells. Mechanistically, PBX1 plays a dual role in transcription by directly repressing or activating genes, such as Onecut2 to inhibit lateral fates during embryogenesis, Pitx3 to promote mDAn development, and Nfe2l1 to protect from oxidative stress. Notably, PBX1 and NFE2L1 levels are severely reduced in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and decreased NFE2L1 levels increases damage by oxidative stress in human midbrain cells. Thus, our results reveal novel roles for PBX1 and its transcriptional network in mDAn development and PD, opening the door for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carlos Villaescusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Psychiatric Stem Cell Group, Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingsi Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Rw Stott
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karol Kaiser
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Saiful Islam
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rocio Laguna-Goya
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Landreh
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergman
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, DBRM, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dardaei L, Penkov D, Mathiasen L, Bora P, Morelli MJ, Blasi F. Tumorigenesis by Meis1 overexpression is accompanied by a change of DNA target-sequence specificity which allows binding to the AP-1 element. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25175-87. [PMID: 26259236 PMCID: PMC4694823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meis1 overexpression induces tumorigenicity but its activity is inhibited by Prep1 tumor suppressor. Why does overexpression of Meis1 cause cancer and how does Prep1 inhibit? Tumor profiling and ChIP-sequencing data in a genetically-defined set of cell lines show that: 1) The number of Meis1 and Prep1 DNA binding sites increases linearly with their concentration resulting in a strong increase of “extra” target genes. 2) At high concentration, Meis1 DNA target specificity changes such that the most enriched consensus becomes that of the AP-1 regulatory element, whereas the specific OCTA consensus is not enriched because diluted within the many extra binding sites. 3) Prep1 inhibits Meis1 tumorigenesis preventing the binding to many of the “extra” genes containing AP-1 sites. 4) The overexpression of Prep1, but not of Meis1, changes the functional genomic distribution of the binding sites, increasing seven fold the number of its “enhancer” and decreasing its “promoter” targets. 5) A specific Meis1 “oncogenic” and Prep1 “tumor suppressing” signature has been identified selecting from the pool of genes bound by each protein those whose expression was modified uniquely by the “tumor-inducing” Meis1 or tumor-inhibiting Prep1 overexpression. In both signatures, the enriched gene categories are the same and are involved in signal transduction. However, Meis1 targets stimulatory genes while Prep1 targets genes that inhibit the tumorigenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dardaei
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy.,Present Address: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lisa Mathiasen
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy
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62
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Mathiasen L, Valentini E, Boivin S, Cattaneo A, Blasi F, Svergun DI, Bruckmann C. The flexibility of a homeodomain transcription factor heterodimer and its allosteric regulation by DNA binding. FEBS J 2016; 283:3134-54. [PMID: 27390177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transcription factors are known to modify the DNA that they bind. However, DNA can also serve as an allosteric ligand whose binding modifies the conformation of transcriptional regulators. Here, we describe how heterodimer PBX1:PREP1, formed by proteins playing major roles in embryonic development and tumorigenesis, undergoes an allosteric transition upon DNA binding. We demonstrate through a number of biochemical and biophysical methods that PBX1:PREP1 exhibits a structural change upon DNA binding. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), circular dichroism (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and limited proteolysis demonstrate a different shape, α-helical content, thermodynamic behavior, and solution environment of the holo-complex (with DNA) compared to the apo-complex (without DNA). Given that PBX1 as such does not have a defined DNA selectivity, structural changes upon DNA binding become major factors in the function of the PBX1:PREP1 complex. The observed changes are mapped at both the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the two proteins thereby providing important insights to determine how PBX1:PREP1 dimer functions. DATABASE Small-angle scattering data are available in SASBDB under accession numbers SASDAP7, SASDAQ7, and SASDAR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mathiasen
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Cattaneo
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bruckmann
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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63
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Ye W, Song Y, Huang Z, Osterwalder M, Ljubojevic A, Xu J, Bobick B, Abassah-Oppong S, Ruan N, Shamby R, Yu D, Zhang L, Cai CL, Visel A, Zhang Y, Cobb J, Chen Y. A unique stylopod patterning mechanism by Shox2-controlled osteogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2548-60. [PMID: 27287812 PMCID: PMC4958343 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate appendage patterning is programmed by Hox-TALE factor-bound regulatory elements. However, it remains unclear which cell lineages are commissioned by Hox-TALE factors to generate regional specific patterns and whether other Hox-TALE co-factors exist. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional mechanisms controlled by the Shox2 transcriptional regulator in limb patterning. Harnessing an osteogenic lineage-specific Shox2 inactivation approach we show that despite widespread Shox2 expression in multiple cell lineages, lack of the stylopod observed upon Shox2 deficiency is a specific result of Shox2 loss of function in the osteogenic lineage. ChIP-Seq revealed robust interaction of Shox2 with cis-regulatory enhancers clustering around skeletogenic genes that are also bound by Hox-TALE factors, supporting a lineage autonomous function of Shox2 in osteogenic lineage fate determination and skeleton patterning. Pbx ChIP-Seq further allowed the genome-wide identification of cis-regulatory modules exhibiting co-occupancy of Pbx, Meis and Shox2 transcriptional regulators. Integrative analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data and transgenic enhancer assays indicate that Shox2 patterns the stylopod as a repressor via interaction with enhancers active in the proximal limb mesenchyme and antagonizes the repressive function of TALE factors in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yingnan Song
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anja Ljubojevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Jue Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Brent Bobick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Samuel Abassah-Oppong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Ross Shamby
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Diankun Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - John Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
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Choi SC, Hutchinson TE, Titov AA, Seay HR, Li S, Brusko TM, Croker BP, Salek-Ardakani S, Morel L. The Lupus Susceptibility Gene Pbx1 Regulates the Balance between Follicular Helper T Cell and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:458-69. [PMID: 27296664 PMCID: PMC4935607 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pbx1 controls chromatin accessibility to a large number of genes and is entirely conserved between mice and humans. The Pbx1-d dominant-negative isoform is more frequent in CD4(+) T cells from lupus patients than from healthy controls. Pbx1-d is associated with the production of autoreactive T cells in mice carrying the Sle1a1 lupus-susceptibility locus. Transgenic (Tg) expression of Pbx1-d in CD4(+) T cells reproduced the phenotypes of Sle1a1 mice, with increased inflammatory functions of CD4(+) T cells and impaired Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis. Pbx1-d-Tg expression also expanded the number of follicular helper T cells (TFHs) in a cell-intrinsic and Ag-specific manner, which was enhanced in recall responses and resulted in Th1-biased Abs. Moreover, Pbx1-d-Tg CD4(+) T cells upregulated the expression of miR-10a, miR-21, and miR-155, which were implicated in Treg and follicular helper T cell homeostasis. Our results suggest that Pbx1-d impacts lupus development by regulating effector T cell differentiation and promoting TFHs at the expense of Tregs. In addition, our results identify Pbx1 as a novel regulator of CD4(+) T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tarun E Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Howard R Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Shiwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Byron P Croker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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65
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Patel AV, Chaney KE, Choi K, Largaespada DA, Kumar AR, Ratner N. An ShRNA Screen Identifies MEIS1 as a Driver of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:110-119. [PMID: 27333032 PMCID: PMC4972548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas that are a major source of mortality in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. To identify MPNST driver genes, we performed a lentiviral short hairpin (sh) RNA screen, targeting all 130 genes up-regulated in neurofibroma and MPNSTs versus normal human nerve Schwann cells. NF1 mutant cells show activation of RAS/MAPK signaling, so a counter-screen in RAS mutant carcinoma cells was performed to exclude common RAS-pathway driven genes. We identified 7 genes specific for survival of MPSNT cells, including MEIS1. MEIS1 was frequently amplified or hypomethylated in human MPSNTs, correlating with elevated MEIS1 gene expression. In MPNST cells and in a genetically engineered mouse model, MEIS1 expression in developing nerve glial cells was necessary for MPNST growth. Mechanistically, MEIS1 drives MPNST cell growth via the transcription factor ID1, thereby suppressing expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip and maintaining cell survival. Targeting over-expressed genes facilitates identification of sarcoma driver genes. We identify MEIS1 as a MPNST oncogene. MEIS1 suppresses p27Kip enabling MPNST survival.
We identify MEIS1 as a sarcoma oncogene, and identify an additional 7 genes specific for survival of malignant peripheral nerve sheath cells. MEIS1 was frequently amplified or hypomethylated in human tumors, correlating with elevated MEIS1 gene and protein expression. MEIS1 enables cell cycle progression in these tumor cells through downregulation of expression of a pro-cell death protein p27Kip. Thus, inhibitors targeting cell cycle checkpoints and/or upregulating p27Kip may have therapeutic value for these patients, and perhaps for other tumor types in which MEIS1 is an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami V Patel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Katherine E Chaney
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ashish R Kumar
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States.
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66
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Grebbin BM, Hau AC, Groß A, Anders-Maurer M, Schramm J, Koss M, Wille C, Mittelbronn M, Selleri L, Schulte D. Pbx1 is required for adult subventricular zone neurogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2281-91. [PMID: 27226325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TALE-homeodomain proteins function as components of heteromeric complexes that contain one member each of the PBC and MEIS/PREP subclasses. We recently showed that MEIS2 cooperates with the neurogenic transcription factor PAX6 in the control of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis in rodents. Expression of the PBC protein PBX1 in the SVZ has been reported, but its functional role(s) has not been investigated. Using a genetic loss-of-function mouse model, we now show that Pbx1 is an early regulator of SVZ neurogenesis. Targeted deletion of Pbx1 by retroviral transduction of Cre recombinase into Pbx2-deficient SVZ stem and progenitor cells carrying floxed alleles of Pbx1 significantly reduced the production of neurons and increased the generation of oligodendrocytes. Loss of Pbx1 expression in neuronally committed neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream in a Pbx2 null background, by contrast, severely compromised cell survival. By chromatin immunoprecipitation from endogenous tissues or isolated cells, we further detected PBX1 binding to known regulatory regions of the neuron-specific genes Dcx and Th days or even weeks before the respective genes are expressed during the normal program of SVZ neurogenesis, suggesting that PBX1 might act as a priming factor to mark these genes for subsequent activation. Collectively, our results establish that PBX1 regulates adult neural cell fate determination in a manner beyond that of its heterodimerization partner MEIS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Moyo Grebbin
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Anja Groß
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Marie Anders-Maurer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Jasmine Schramm
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Matthew Koss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christoph Wille
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
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67
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Mian YA, Zeleznik-Le NJ. The miR-17∼92 cluster contributes to MLL leukemia through the repression of MEIS1 competitor PKNOX1. Leuk Res 2016; 46:51-60. [PMID: 27123834 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemias have a relatively poor prognosis and arise as a result of translocations between the MLL(KMT2A) gene and one of multiple partner genes. Downstream targets of MLL are aberrantly upregulated and include the developmentally important HOX genes and MEIS1, as well as multiple microRNAs (miRNAs), including the miR-17∼92 cluster. Here we examined the contribution of specific miRNAs to MLL leukemias through knockdown studies utilizing custom anti-microRNA oligonucleotides. Combinatorial treatment against miR-17-5p and miR-19a-3p of the miR-17∼92 cluster dramatically reduces colony forming ability of MLL-fusion containing cell lines relative to non-MLL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) controls. To determine the mechanism by which these miRNAs contribute to leukemia, we validated PKNOX1 as a target of both miR-17-5p and miR-19a-3p. MEIS1 and PKNOX1 are TALE domain proteins that participate in ternary complexes with HOX and PBX partners. Here we establish the competitive relationship between PKNOX1 and MEIS1 in PBX-containing complex formation and determine the antagonistic role of PKNOX1 to leukemia in a murine MLL-AF9 model. These data implicate the miR-17∼92 cluster as part of a regulatory mechanism necessary to maintain MEIS1/HOXA9 -mediated transformation in MLL leukemia, indicating that targeting multiple non-homologous miRNAs may be utilized as a novel therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf A Mian
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Nancy J Zeleznik-Le
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States.
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68
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Merabet S, Mann RS. To Be Specific or Not: The Critical Relationship Between Hox And TALE Proteins. Trends Genet 2016; 32:334-347. [PMID: 27066866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hox proteins are key regulatory transcription factors that act in different tissues of the embryo to provide specific spatial and temporal coordinates to each cell. These patterning functions often depend on the presence of the TALE-homeodomain class cofactors, which form cooperative DNA-binding complexes with all Hox proteins. How this family of cofactors contributes to the highly diverse and specific functions of Hox proteins in vivo remains an important unsolved question. We review here the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Hox-TALE function. In particular, we discuss the role of DNA shape, DNA-binding affinity, and protein-protein interaction flexibility in dictating Hox-TALE specificity. We propose several models to explain how these mechanisms are integrated with each other in the context of the many distinct functions that Hox and TALE factors carry out in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Merabet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.
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69
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Yokoyama T, Nakatake M, Kuwata T, Couzinet A, Goitsuka R, Tsutsumi S, Aburatani H, Valk PJM, Delwel R, Nakamura T. MEIS1-mediated transactivation of synaptotagmin-like 1 promotes CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and leukemogenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1664-78. [PMID: 27018596 DOI: 10.1172/jci81516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TALE-class homeoprotein MEIS1 specifically collaborates with HOXA9 to drive myeloid leukemogenesis. Although MEIS1 alone has only a moderate effect on cell proliferation in vitro, it is essential for the development of HOXA9-induced leukemia in vivo. Here, using murine models of leukemogenesis, we have shown that MEIS1 promotes leukemic cell homing and engraftment in bone marrow and enhances cell-cell interactions and cytokine-mediated cell migration. We analyzed global DNA binding of MEIS1 in leukemic cells as well as gene expression alterations in MEIS1-deficent cells and identified synaptotagmin-like 1 (Sytl1, also known as Slp1) as the MEIS1 target gene that cooperates with Hoxa9 in leukemogenesis. Replacement of SYTL1 in MEIS1-deficent cells restored both cell migration and engraftment. Further analysis revealed that SYTL1 promotes cell migration via activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, as SYTL1 determines intracellular trafficking of CXCR4. Together, our results reveal that MEIS1, through induction of SYTL1, promotes leukemogenesis and supports leukemic cell homing and engraftment, facilitating interactions between leukemic cells and bone marrow stroma.
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70
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Dolfini D, Zambelli F, Pedrazzoli M, Mantovani R, Pavesi G. A high definition look at the NF-Y regulome reveals genome-wide associations with selected transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:4684-702. [PMID: 26896797 PMCID: PMC4889920 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-Y is a trimeric transcription factor (TF), binding the CCAAT box element, for which several results suggest a pioneering role in activation of transcription. In this work, we integrated 380 ENCODE ChIP-Seq experiments for 154 TFs and cofactors with sequence analysis, protein–protein interactions and RNA profiling data, in order to identify genome-wide regulatory modules resulting from the co-association of NF-Y with other TFs. We identified three main degrees of co-association with NF-Y for sequence-specific TFs. In the most relevant one, we found TFs having a significant overlap with NF-Y in their DNA binding loci, some with a precise spacing of binding sites with respect to the CCAAT box, others (FOS, Sp1/2, RFX5, IRF3, PBX3) mostly lacking their canonical binding site and bound to arrays of well spaced CCAAT boxes. As expected, NF-Y binding also correlates with RNA Pol II General TFs and with subunits of complexes involved in the control of H3K4 methylations. Co-association patterns are confirmed by protein–protein interactions, and correspond to specific functional categorizations and expression level changes of target genes following NF-Y inactivation. These data define genome-wide rules for the organization of NF-Y-centered regulatory modules, supporting a model of distinct categorization and synergy with well defined sets of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Italy
| | - Federico Zambelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Italy Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pedrazzoli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Italy
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71
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Rezsohazy R, Saurin AJ, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y. Cellular and molecular insights into Hox protein action. Development 2016; 142:1212-27. [PMID: 25804734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hox genes encode homeodomain transcription factors that control morphogenesis and have established functions in development and evolution. Hox proteins have remained enigmatic with regard to the molecular mechanisms that endow them with specific and diverse functions, and to the cellular functions that they control. Here, we review recent examples of Hox-controlled cellular functions that highlight their versatile and highly context-dependent activity. This provides the setting to discuss how Hox proteins control morphogenesis and organogenesis. We then summarise the molecular modalities underlying Hox protein function, in particular in light of current models of transcription factor function. Finally, we discuss how functional divergence between Hox proteins might be achieved to give rise to the many facets of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rezsohazy
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, UMR 7288, Marseille 13288, Cedex 09, France
| | | | - Yacine Graba
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, UMR 7288, Marseille 13288, Cedex 09, France
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Bouilloux F, Thireau J, Ventéo S, Farah C, Karam S, Dauvilliers Y, Valmier J, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Richard S, Marmigère F. Loss of the transcription factor Meis1 prevents sympathetic neurons target-field innervation and increases susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26857994 PMCID: PMC4760953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cardio-vascular incidents and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are among the leading causes of premature death in the general population, the origins remain unidentified in many cases. Genome-wide association studies have identified Meis1 as a risk factor for SCD. We report that Meis1 inactivation in the mouse neural crest leads to an altered sympatho-vagal regulation of cardiac rhythmicity in adults characterized by a chronotropic incompetence and cardiac conduction defects, thus increasing the susceptibility to SCD. We demonstrated that Meis1 is a major regulator of sympathetic target-field innervation and that Meis1 deficient sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis from early embryonic stages to perinatal stages. In addition, we showed that Meis1 regulates the transcription of key molecules necessary for the endosomal machinery. Accordingly, the traffic of Rab5+ endosomes is severely altered in Meis1-inactivated sympathetic neurons. These results suggest that Meis1 interacts with various trophic factors signaling pathways during postmitotic neurons differentiation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.001 Nerve cells called sympathetic neurons can control the activity of almost all of our organs without any conscious thought on our part. For example, these nerve cells are responsible for accelerating the heart rate during exercise. In a developing embryo, there are initially more of these neurons than are needed, and only those that develop correctly and form a connection with a target cell will survive. This is because the target cells provide the growing neurons with vital molecules called neurotrophins, which are trafficked back along the nerve fiber and into the main body of the nerve cell to ensure its survival. However, it is largely unknown which proteins or genes are also involved in this developmental process. Now, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. show that if a gene called Meis1 is inactivated in mice, the sympathetic neurons start to develop and grow nerve fibers, but then fail to establish connections with their target cells and finally die. The Meis1 gene encodes a transcription factor, which is a protein that regulates gene activity. Therefore, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. looked for the genes that are regulated by this transcription factor in sympathetic neurons. This search uncovered several genes that are involved in the packaging and trafficking of molecules within cells. Other experiments then revealed that the trafficking of molecules back along the nerve fiber was altered in mutant neurons in which the Meis1 gene had been inactivated. Furthermore, Meis1 mutant mice had problems with their heart rate, especially during exercise, and an increased risk of dying from a sudden cardiac arrest. These findings reveal a transcription factor that helps to establish a connection between a neuron and its target, and that activates a pattern of gene expression that works alongside the neurotrophin-based signals. Since all neurons undergo similar processes during development, future work could ask if comparable patterns of gene expression exist in other types of neurons, and if problems with such processes contribute to some neurodegenerative diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bouilloux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Karam
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Valmier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Marmigère
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
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Linares AJ, Lin CH, Damianov A, Adams KL, Novitch BG, Black DL. The splicing regulator PTBP1 controls the activity of the transcription factor Pbx1 during neuronal differentiation. eLife 2015; 4:e09268. [PMID: 26705333 PMCID: PMC4755740 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding proteins PTBP1 and PTBP2 control programs of alternative splicing during neuronal development. PTBP2 was found to maintain embryonic splicing patterns of many synaptic and cytoskeletal proteins during differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) into early neurons. However, the role of the earlier PTBP1 program in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and NPCs was not clear. We show that PTBP1 controls a program of neuronal gene expression that includes the transcription factor Pbx1. We identify exons specifically regulated by PTBP1 and not PTBP2 as mouse ESCs differentiate into NPCs. We find that PTBP1 represses Pbx1 exon 7 and the expression of the neuronal Pbx1a isoform in ESCs. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete regulatory elements for exon 7, we induce Pbx1a expression in ESCs, finding that this activates transcription of neuronal genes. Thus, PTBP1 controls the activity of Pbx1 to suppress its neuronal transcriptional program prior to induction of NPC development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09268.001 The neurons that transmit information around the nervous system develop in several stages. Embryonic stem cells specialize to form neuronal progenitor cells, which then develop into neurons. These cell types have different characteristics, in part because they make different proteins or different versions of the same proteins. To make a protein, the DNA sequence of a gene is used to build a molecule of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that acts as a template for the protein. However, not all of this sequence codes for the protein. The non-coding regions must be removed from the RNA, and the remaining “exons” joined together to form the final “mRNA” template. Not all of the exons are necessarily included in the final mRNA molecule. By joining together different combinations of exons, several different versions of a protein can be produced from a single gene. This process is known as alternative splicing. One way that alternative splicing is controlled is through proteins that bind to RNA and determine which exons are included or excluded from the final mRNA molecule. PTBP1 is an RNA-binding protein that controls alternative splicing in embryonic stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to develop into all the cells of the body. In contrast, neuronal progenitor cells are restricted in their development and only give rise to specialized cells of the nervous system. The role of PTBP1 in these properties was not clear. Linares et al. have now used a range of techniques to study the RNA molecules produced in these two cell types and how these RNAs change when PTBP1 is removed. This identified many RNAs whose splicing is regulated by PTBP1, including mRNAs of the gene that produces a protein called Pbx1, which is an important regulator of neuronal development. Further investigation revealed that PTBP1 prevents a particular exon being included in the mRNA template for Pbx1. This creates an embryonic stem cell form of Pbx1 that does not affect neuronal genes. Removal of PTBP1 allows splicing of the Pbx1 exon and produces a version of Pbx1 that is found in neuronal progenitor cells and which turns on neuronal genes. Thus, through its action on Pbx1, one role of PTBP1 is to enable stem cells to maintain their non-neuronal properties and prevent their premature development into neuronal progenitor cells. The gene for Pbx1 is only one of many genes controlled by PTBP1 at the level of splicing. One challenge for the future will be to understand how these genes work together in a common program that determines the properties of stem cells. Another question regards how the different Pbx1 proteins in stem cells and in neuronal progenitors can exert different effects in the cells where they are made. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09268.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Linares
- Molecular Biology Institute Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Andrey Damianov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katrina L Adams
- Molecular Biology Institute Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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74
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Jolma A, Yin Y, Nitta KR, Dave K, Popov A, Taipale M, Enge M, Kivioja T, Morgunova E, Taipale J. DNA-dependent formation of transcription factor pairs alters their binding specificity. Nature 2015; 527:384-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dupays L, Shang C, Wilson R, Kotecha S, Wood S, Towers N, Mohun T. Sequential Binding of MEIS1 and NKX2-5 on the Popdc2 Gene: A Mechanism for Spatiotemporal Regulation of Enhancers during Cardiogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:183-195. [PMID: 26411676 PMCID: PMC4597108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox transcription factors NKX2-5 and MEIS1 are essential for vertebrate heart development and normal physiology of the adult heart. We show that, during cardiac differentiation, the two transcription factors have partially overlapping expression patterns, with the result that as cardiac progenitors from the anterior heart field differentiate and migrate into the cardiac outflow tract, they sequentially experience high levels of MEIS1 and then increasing levels of NKX2-5. Using the Popdc2 gene as an example, we also show that a significant proportion of target genes for NKX2-5 contain a binding motif recognized by NKX2-5, which overlaps with a binding site for MEIS1. Binding of the two factors to such overlapping sites is mutually exclusive, and this provides a simple regulatory mechanism for spatial and temporal synchronization of a common pool of targets between NKX2-5 and MEIS1. NKX2-5 shares a DNA-binding site with MEIS1 MEIS1 and NKX2-5 successively bind a Popdc2 enhancer Successive binding by MEIS1 and NKX2-5 is a general mechanism of regulation NKX2-5 represses fast troponin isoforms in the atria
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dupays
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Catherine Shang
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Robert Wilson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Surendra Kotecha
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Sophie Wood
- Procedural Services Section, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Norma Towers
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Timothy Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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76
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Predicting the molecular role of MEIS1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1715-25. [PMID: 26314854 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) class myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1) homeobox gene is known to play a crucial role in normal and tumor development. In contrast with its well-described cancer stemness properties in hematopoietic cancers, little is known about its role in solid tumors like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we analyzed MEIS1 expression and its clinical relevance in ESCC patients and also investigated its correlation with the SOX2 self-renewal master transcription factor in the ESCC samples and in the KYSE-30 ESCC cell line. MEIS1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in ESCC disease (P < 0.05). The inverse correlation between MEIS1 mRNA expression and tumor cell metastasis to the lymph nodes (P = 0.004) was significant. Also, MEIS1 protein levels inversely correlated to lymph node involvement (P = 0.048) and high tumor stage (stages III/IV, P = 0.030). The low levels of DNA methylation in the MEIS1 promoter showed that this suppression does not depend on methylation. We showed that downregulation of EZH2 restored MEIS1 expression significantly. Also, we investigated that MEIS1 downregulation is concomitant with increased SOX2 expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the MEIS1 gene in ESCC. The inverse correlation of MEIS1 with metastasis, tumor staging, and the role of EZH2 in methylation, together with its correlation with stemness factor SOX2 expression, led us to predict cancer stemness properties for MEIS1 in ESCC.
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77
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Yoshioka K, Oda A, Notsu C, Ohtsuka T, Kawai Y, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Goitsuka R. Loss of the Homeodomain Transcription Factor Prep1 Perturbs Adult Hematopoiesis in the Bone Marrow. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136107. [PMID: 26285139 PMCID: PMC4540428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1, a TALE-family homeodomain transcription factor, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in embryonic hematopoiesis, as its insufficiency caused late embryonic lethality associated with defective hematopoiesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we generated hematopoietic- and endothelial cell-specific Prep1-deficient mice and demonstrated that expression of Prep1 in the hematopoietic cell compartment is not essential for either embryonic or adult hematopoiesis, although its absence causes significant hematopoietic abnormalities in the adult bone marrow. Loss of Prep1 promotes cell cycling of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), leading to the expansion of the HSPC pool. Prep1 deficiency also results in the accumulation of lineage-committed progenitors, increased monocyte/macrophage differentiation and arrested erythroid maturation. Maturation of T cells and B cells is also perturbed in Prep-deficient mice. These findings provide novel insight into the pleiotropic roles of Prep1 in adult hematopoiesis that were unrecognized in previous studies using germline Prep1 hypomorphic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihisa Oda
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Notsu
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawai
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hurtado R, Zewdu R, Mtui J, Liang C, Aho R, Kurylo C, Selleri L, Herzlinger D. Pbx1-dependent control of VMC differentiation kinetics underlies gross renal vascular patterning. Development 2015; 142:2653-64. [PMID: 26138478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of an organ's vascular bed subserves its physiological function and metabolic demands. However, the mechanisms underlying gross vascular patterning remain elusive. Using intravital dye labeling and 3D imaging, we discovered that systems-level vascular patterning in the kidney is dependent on the kinetics of vascular mural cell (VMC) differentiation. Conditional ablation of the TALE transcription factor Pbx1 in renal VMC progenitors in the mouse led to the premature upregulation of PDGFRβ, a master initiator of VMC-blood vessel association. This precocious VMC differentiation resulted in nonproductive angiogenesis, abnormal renal arterial tree patterning and neonatal death consistent with kidney dysfunction. Notably, we establish that Pbx1 directly represses Pdgfrb, and demonstrate that decreased Pdgfrb dosage in conditional Pbx1 mutants substantially rescues vascular patterning defects and neonatal survival. These findings identify, for the first time, an in vivo transcriptional regulator of PDGFRβ, and reveal a previously unappreciated role for VMCs in systems-level vascular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Hurtado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James Mtui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chad Kurylo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doris Herzlinger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Grice J, Noyvert B, Doglio L, Elgar G. A Simple Predictive Enhancer Syntax for Hindbrain Patterning Is Conserved in Vertebrate Genomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130413. [PMID: 26131856 PMCID: PMC4489388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the function of regulatory elements is fundamental for our understanding of development, disease and evolution. However, the sequence features that mediate these functions are often unclear and the prediction of tissue-specific expression patterns from sequence alone is non-trivial. Previous functional studies have demonstrated a link between PBX-HOX and MEIS/PREP binding interactions and hindbrain enhancer activity, but the defining grammar of these sites, if any exists, has remained elusive. Results Here, we identify a shared sequence signature (syntax) within a heterogeneous set of conserved vertebrate hindbrain enhancers composed of spatially co-occurring PBX-HOX and MEIS/PREP transcription factor binding motifs. We use this syntax to accurately predict hindbrain enhancers in 89% of cases (67/75 predicted elements) from a set of conserved non-coding elements (CNEs). Furthermore, mutagenesis of the sites abolishes activity or generates ectopic expression, demonstrating their requirement for segmentally restricted enhancer activity in the hindbrain. We refine and use our syntax to predict over 3,000 hindbrain enhancers across the human genome. These sequences tend to be located near developmental transcription factors and are enriched in known hindbrain activating elements, demonstrating the predictive power of this simple model. Conclusion Our findings support the theory that hundreds of CNEs, and perhaps thousands of regions across the human genome, function to coordinate gene expression in the developing hindbrain. We speculate that deeply conserved sequences of this kind contributed to the co-option of new genes into the hindbrain gene regulatory network during early vertebrate evolution by linking patterns of hox expression to downstream genes involved in segmentation and patterning, and evolutionarily newer instances may have continued to contribute to lineage-specific elaboration of the hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Grice
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Noyvert
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Doglio
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Elgar
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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80
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Role of HOXA9 in leukemia: dysregulation, cofactors and essential targets. Oncogene 2015; 35:1090-8. [PMID: 26028034 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HOXA9 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that has an important role in hematopoietic stem cell expansion and is commonly deregulated in acute leukemias. A variety of upstream genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia lead to overexpression of HOXA9, which is a strong predictor of poor prognosis. In many cases, HOXA9 has been shown to be necessary for maintaining leukemic transformation; however, the molecular mechanisms through which it promotes leukemogenesis remain elusive. Recent work has established that HOXA9 regulates downstream gene expression through binding at promoter distal enhancers along with a subset of cell-specific cofactor and collaborator proteins. Increasing efforts are being made to identify both the critical cofactors and target genes required for maintaining transformation in HOXA9-overexpressing leukemias. With continued advances in understanding HOXA9-mediated transformation, there is a wealth of opportunity for developing novel therapeutics that would be applicable for greater than 50% of AML with overexpression of HOXA9.
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Laurent A, Calabrese M, Warnatz HJ, Yaspo ML, Tkachuk V, Torres M, Blasi F, Penkov D. ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses identify components of the Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways as Prep1 target genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122518. [PMID: 25875616 PMCID: PMC4395233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Prep1 (Pknox1) homeodomain transcription factor is essential at multiple stages of embryo development. In the E11.5 embryo trunk, we previously estimated that Prep1 binds about 3,300 genomic sites at a highly specific decameric consensus sequence, mainly governing basal cellular functions. We now show that in embryonic stem (ES) cells Prep1 binding pattern only partly overlaps that of the embryo trunk, with about 2,000 novel sites. Moreover, in ES cells Prep1 still binds mostly to promoters, as in total embryo trunk but, among the peaks bound exclusively in ES cells, the percentage of enhancers was three-fold higher. RNA-seq identifies about 1800 genes down-regulated in Prep1-/- ES cells which belong to gene ontology categories not enriched in the E11.5 Prep1i/i differentiated embryo, including in particular essential components of the Wnt and Fgf pathways. These data agree with aberrant Wnt and Fgf expression levels in the Prep1-/- ES cells with a deficient embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and differentiation. Re-establishment of the Prep1 level rescues the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Laurent
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Calabrese
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Hans-Jörg Warnatz
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
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Mathiasen L, Bruckmann C, Pasqualato S, Blasi F. Purification and characterization of a DNA-binding recombinant PREP1:PBX1 complex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125789. [PMID: 25856340 PMCID: PMC4391845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PREP1 and PBX1 are homeodomain transcriptional factors, whose biochemical and structural characterization has not yet been fully described. Expression of full-length recombinant PREP1 (47.6 kDa) and PBX1 (46.6 kDa) in E. coli is difficult because of poor yield, high instability and insufficient purity, in particular for structural studies. We cloned the cDNA of both proteins into a dicistronic vector containing an N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag and co-expressed and co-purified a stable PBX1:PREP1 complex. For structural studies, we produced two C-terminally truncated complexes that retain their ability to bind DNA and are more stable than the full-length proteins through various purification steps. Here we report the production of large amounts of soluble and pure recombinant human PBX1:PREP1 complex in an active form capable of binding DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mathiasen
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bruckmann
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Crystallography Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- FIRC (Foundation for Italian Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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83
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Cunningham TJ, Duester G. Mechanisms of retinoic acid signalling and its roles in organ and limb development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:110-23. [PMID: 25560970 PMCID: PMC4636111 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signalling has a central role during vertebrate development. RA synthesized in specific locations regulates transcription by interacting with nuclear RA receptors (RARs) bound to RA response elements (RAREs) near target genes. RA was first implicated in signalling on the basis of its teratogenic effects on limb development. Genetic studies later revealed that endogenous RA promotes forelimb initiation by repressing fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8). Insights into RA function in the limb serve as a paradigm for understanding how RA regulates other developmental processes. In vivo studies have identified RAREs that control repression of Fgf8 during body axis extension or activation of homeobox (Hox) genes and other key regulators during neuronal differentiation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cunningham
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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84
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Hoxa2 selectively enhances Meis binding to change a branchial arch ground state. Dev Cell 2015; 32:265-77. [PMID: 25640223 PMCID: PMC4333904 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hox transcription factors (TFs) are essential for vertebrate development, but how these evolutionary conserved proteins function in vivo remains unclear. Because Hox proteins have notoriously low binding specificity, they are believed to bind with cofactors, mainly homeodomain TFs Pbx and Meis, to select their specific targets. We mapped binding of Meis, Pbx, and Hoxa2 in the branchial arches, a series of segments in the developing vertebrate head. Meis occupancy is largely similar in Hox-positive and -negative arches. Hoxa2, which specifies second arch (IIBA) identity, recognizes a subset of Meis prebound sites that contain Hox motifs. Importantly, at these sites Meis binding is strongly increased. This enhanced Meis binding coincides with active enhancers, which are linked to genes highly expressed in the IIBA and regulated by Hoxa2. These findings show that Hoxa2 operates as a tissue-specific cofactor, enhancing Meis binding to specific sites that provide the IIBA with its anatomical identity. Meis provides a ground state that is common to all the branchial arches Hoxa2 recognizes Meis prebound sites in the second arch that contain Hox motifs Hoxa2 enhances Meis binding, which coincides with active enhancers, at these sites Hoxa2 modulates the ground-state binding of Meis to instruct second arch identity
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85
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MOZ regulates B-cell progenitors and, consequently, Moz haploinsufficiency dramatically retards MYC-induced lymphoma development. Blood 2015; 125:1910-21. [PMID: 25605372 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase MOZ (MYST3, KAT6A) is the target of recurrent chromosomal translocations fusing the MOZ gene to CBP, p300, NCOA3, or TIF2 in particularly aggressive cases of acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we report the role of wild-type MOZ in regulating B-cell progenitor proliferation and hematopoietic malignancy. In the Eμ-Myc model of aggressive pre-B/B-cell lymphoma, the loss of just one allele of Moz increased the median survival of mice by 3.9-fold. MOZ was required to maintain the proliferative capacity of B-cell progenitors, even in the presence of c-MYC overexpression, by directly maintaining the transcriptional activity of genes required for normal B-cell development. Hence, B-cell progenitor numbers were significantly reduced in Moz haploinsufficient animals. Interestingly, we find a significant overlap in genes regulated by MOZ, mixed lineage leukemia 1, and mixed lineage leukemia 1 cofactor menin. This includes Meis1, a TALE class homeobox transcription factor required for B-cell development, characteristically upregulated as a result of MLL1 translocations in leukemia. We demonstrate that MOZ localizes to the Meis1 locus in pre-B-cells and maintains Meis1 expression. Our results suggest that even partial inhibition of MOZ may reduce the proliferative capacity of MEIS1, and HOX-driven lymphoma and leukemia cells.
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86
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Marcos S, González-Lázaro M, Beccari L, Carramolino L, Martin-Bermejo MJ, Amarie O, Martín DMS, Torroja C, Bogdanović O, Doohan R, Puk O, de Angelis MH, Graw J, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Casares F, Torres M, Bovolenta P. Meis1 coordinates a network of genes implicated in eye development and microphthalmia. Development 2015; 142:3009-20. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmos is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by reduced eye size and visual deficits of variable degrees. Sporadic and hereditary microphthalmos has been associated to heterozygous mutations in genes fundamental for eye development. Yet, many cases are idiopathic or await the identification of molecular causes. Here we show that haploinsufficiency of Meis1, a transcription factor with an evolutionary conserved expression in the embryonic trunk, brain and sensory organs, including the eye, causes microphthalmic traits and visual impairment, in adult mice. By combining the analysis of Meis1 loss-of-function and conditional Meis1 functional rescue with ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches we show that, in contrast to Meis1 preferential association with Hox-Pbx binding sites in the trunk, Meis1 binds to Hox/Pbx-independent sites during optic cup development. In the eye primordium, Meis1 coordinates, in a dose-dependent manner, retinal proliferation and differentiation by regulating genes responsible for human microphthalmia and components the Notch signalling pathway. In addition, Meis1 is required for eye patterning by controlling a set of eye territory-specific transcription factors, so that in Meis1−/− embryos boundaries among the different eye territories are shifted or blurred. We thus propose that Meis1 is at the core of a genetic network implicated in eye patterning/microphthalmia, itself representing an additional candidate for syndromic cases of these ocular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Marcos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica González-Lázaro
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Beccari
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Martin-Bermejo
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Amarie
- Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Center Munich; D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mateos-San Martín
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ozren Bogdanović
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO, Carretera de Utrera Km1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Roisin Doohan
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Puk
- Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Center Munich; D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Center Munich; D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Gomez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO, Carretera de Utrera Km1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Casares
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO, Carretera de Utrera Km1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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87
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Schulte D. Meis: New friends of Pax. NEUROGENESIS 2014; 1:e976014. [PMID: 27502016 PMCID: PMC4973581 DOI: 10.4161/23262133.2014.976014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The generation of neuronal diversity in the mammalian brain is a multistep process, beginning with the regional patterning of neural stem- and progenitor cell domains, the commitment of these cells toward a general neuronal fate, followed by the selection of a particular neuronal subtype and the differentiation of postmitotic neurons. Each of these steps as well as the transitions between them require precisely controlled changes in transcriptional programs. Although a large number of transcription factors are known to regulate neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult central nervous system, the sheer number of neuronal cell types in the brain and the complexity of the cellular processes that accompany their production suggest that transcription factors act cooperatively to control individual steps in neurogenesis. In fact, combinatorial regulation by sets of transcription factors has emerged as a versatile mode to control cell fate specification. Here, I discuss our recent finding that members of the MEIS-subfamily of TALE-transcription factors, originally identified as HOX cofactors in non-neural tissues, function in concert with PAX-proteins in the regulation of cell fate specification and neuronal differentiation in the embryonic and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); University Hospital Goethe University ; Frankfurt, Germany
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88
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González-Lázaro M, Roselló-Díez A, Delgado I, Carramolino L, Sanguino MA, Giovinazzo G, Torres M. Two new targeted alleles for the comprehensive analysis ofMeis1functions in the mouse. Genesis 2014; 52:967-75. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica González-Lázaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Roselló-Díez
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Irene Delgado
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - María Angeles Sanguino
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
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89
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Liu J, Wang X, Li J, Wang H, Wei G, Yan J. Reconstruction of the gene regulatory network involved in the sonic hedgehog pathway with a potential role in early development of the mouse brain. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003884. [PMID: 25299227 PMCID: PMC4191885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is crucial for pattern formation in early central nervous system development. By systematically analyzing high-throughput in situ hybridization data of E11.5 mouse brain, we found that Shh and its receptor Ptch1 define two adjacent mutually exclusive gene expression domains: Shh+Ptch1− and Shh−Ptch1+. These two domains are associated respectively with Foxa2 and Gata3, two transcription factors that play key roles in specifying them. Gata3 ChIP-seq experiments and RNA-seq assays on Gata3-knockdown cells revealed that Gata3 up-regulates the genes that are enriched in the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. Important Gata3 targets include Slit2 and Slit3, which are involved in the process of axon guidance, as well as Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr, which are associated with neurotransmitter synthesis and release. By contrast, Foxa2 both up-regulates the genes expressed in the Shh+Ptch1− domain and down-regulates the genes characteristic of the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. From these and other data, we were able to reconstruct a gene regulatory network governing both domains. Our work provides the first genome-wide characterization of the gene regulatory network involved in the Shh pathway that underlies pattern formation in the early mouse brain. Recent large-scale projects of high-throughput in situ hybridization (ISH) have generated a wealth of spatiotemporal information on gene expression patterns in the early mouse brain. We have developed a computational approach that combines publicly available high-throughput ISH data with our own experimental data to investigate gene regulation, involving signal molecules and transcription factors (TFs), during early brain development. The analysis indicates that two key TFs, Foxa2 and Gata3, play antagonizing roles in the formation of two mutually exclusive domains established by the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the developing mouse brain. Further ChIP-seq and RNA-seq experiments support this hypothesis and have identified novel target genes of Gata3, including the axon guidance regulators Slit2 and Slit3 as well as three neurotransmitter-associated genes, Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr. The findings have allowed us to reconstruct the gene regulatory network brought into play by the Sonic hedgehog pathway that mediates early mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelong Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Modica L, Iotti G, D’Avola A, Blasi F. Prep1 (pKnox1) regulates mouse embryonic HSC cycling and self-renewal affecting the Stat1-Sca1 IFN-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107916. [PMID: 25233378 PMCID: PMC4169458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypomorphic Prep1 mutation results in embryonic lethality at late gestation with a pleiotropic embryonic phenotype that includes defects in all hematopoietic lineages. Reduced functionality of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compartment might be responsible for the hematopoietic phenotype observed at mid-gestation. In this paper we demonstrate that Prep1 regulates the number of HSCs in fetal livers (FLs), their clonogenic potential and their ability to de novo generate the hematopoietic system in ablated hosts. Furthermore, we show that Prep1 controls the self-renewal ability of the FL HSC compartment as demonstrated by serial transplantation experiments. The premature exhaustion of Prep1 mutant HSCs correlates with the reduced quiescent stem cell pool thus suggesting that Prep1 regulates the self-renewal ability by controlling the quiescence/proliferation balance. Finally, we show that in FL HSCs Prep1 absence induces the interferon signaling pathway leading to premature cycling and exhaustion of fetal HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Modica
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iotti
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Blasi
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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91
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Risolino M, Mandia N, Iavarone F, Dardaei L, Longobardi E, Fernandez S, Talotta F, Bianchi F, Pisati F, Spaggiari L, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Schulte D, Incoronato M, Di Fiore PP, Blasi F, Verde P. Transcription factor PREP1 induces EMT and metastasis by controlling the TGF-β-SMAD3 pathway in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3775-84. [PMID: 25157139 PMCID: PMC4246949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407074111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a ubiquitous homeoprotein involved in early development, genomic stability, insulin sensitivity, and hematopoiesis. Previously we have shown that Prep1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that inhibits neoplastic transformation by competing with myeloid ecotropic integration site 1 for binding to the common heterodimeric partner Pbx1. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is controlled by complex networks of proinvasive transcription factors responsive to paracrine factors such as TGF-β. Here we show that, in addition to inhibiting primary tumor growth, PREP1 is a novel EMT inducer and prometastatic transcription factor. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, PREP1 overexpression is sufficient to trigger EMT, whereas PREP1 down-regulation inhibits the induction of EMT in response to TGF-β. PREP1 modulates the cellular sensitivity to TGF-β by inducing the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear translocation through mechanisms dependent, at least in part, on PREP1-mediated transactivation of a regulatory element in the SMAD3 first intron. Along with the stabilization and accumulation of PBX1, PREP1 induces the expression of multiple activator protein 1 components including the proinvasive Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) oncoprotein. Both FRA-1 and PBX1 are required for the mesenchymal changes triggered by PREP1 in lung tumor cells. Finally, we show that the PREP1-induced mesenchymal transformation correlates with significantly increased lung colonization by cells overexpressing PREP1. Accordingly, we have detected PREP1 accumulation in a large number of human brain metastases of various solid tumors, including NSCLC. These findings point to a novel role of the PREP1 homeoprotein in the control of the TGF-β pathway, EMT, and metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Risolino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Mandia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Iavarone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Longobardi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Fernandez
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Talotta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pisati
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | | | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN (IRCCS SDN), 80142 Naples, Italy
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92
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Regadas I, Soares-Dos-Reis R, Falcão M, Matos MR, Monteiro FA, Lima D, Reguenga C. Dual role of Tlx3 as modulator of Prrxl1 transcription and phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1121-31. [PMID: 25138281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The proper establishment of the dorsal root ganglion/spinal cord nociceptive circuitry depends on a group of homeodomain transcription factors that includes Prrxl1, Brn3a and Tlx3. By the use of epistatic analysis, it was suggested that Tlx3 and Brn3a, which highly co-localize with Prrxl1 in these tissues, are required to maintain Prrxl1 expression. Here, we report two Tlx3-dependent transcriptional mechanisms acting on Prrxl1 alternative promoters, referred to as P3 and P1/P2 promoters. We demonstrate that (i) Tlx3 induces the transcriptional activity of the TATA-containing promoter P3 by directly binding to a bipartite DNA motif and (ii) it synergistically interacts with Prrxl1 by indirectly activating the Prrxl1 TATA-less promoters P1/P2 via the action of Brn3a. The Tlx3 N-terminal domain 1-38 was shown to have a major role on the overall Tlx3 transcriptional activity and the C-terminus domain (amino acids 256-291) to mediate the Tlx3 effect on promoters P1/P2. On the other hand, the 76-111 domain was shown to decrease Tlx3 activity on the TATA-promoter P3. In addition to its action on Prrxl1 alternative promoters, Tlx3 proved to have the ability to induce Prrxl1 phosphorylation. The Tlx3 domain responsible for Prrxl1 hyperphosphorylation was mapped and encompasses amino acid residues 76 to 111. Altogether, our results suggest that Tlx3 uses distinct mechanisms to tightly modulate Prrxl1 activity, either by controlling its transcriptional levels or by increasing Prrxl1 phosphorylation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Regadas
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Soares-Dos-Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Miguel Falcão
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal
| | - Mariana Raimundo Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal
| | - Filipe Almeida Monteiro
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal
| | - Carlos Reguenga
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150, Portugal.
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93
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Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H. The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation. FEBS J 2014; 281:2990-3003. [PMID: 24814716 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Irxl1/Mkx (Iroquois homeobox-like 1/Mohawk) encodes a member of the TALE subfamily of homeodomain proteins. It is expressed in multiple mesoderm-derived tissues and has recently been shown to regulate tendon differentiation during mouse embryonic development. Previously we showed that knockdown of Irxl1 in zebrafish caused a deficit in neural crest cells which consequently resulted in deformation of craniofacial muscles and arch cartilages. Here, we further demonstrate that loss of Irxl1 function results in deformed somites with disordered muscle fibers and myotendinous junctions. Because expression of myoD is increased in the somites of Irxl1 knockdown morphants, we test whether Irxl1 negatively regulates myoD expression. When stable C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing Irxl1/Mkx were induced to differentiate, myotube formation was inhibited and protein levels of myoD and myosin heavy chain were decreased accordingly. A series of deletion constructs of myoD promoter fragments were tested by luciferase reporter assays, which identified a promoter fragment that is necessary and sufficient for Irxl1-mediated repression. Direct interaction of Irxl1 and myoD promoter was subsequently elucidated by yeast one-hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Furthermore, mouse Mkx also binds to and represses myoD promoter. These results indicate that Irxl1/Mkx can repress myoD expression through direct binding to its promoter and may thus play a negative regulatory role in muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ni Chuang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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94
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Spieler D, Kaffe M, Knauf F, Bessa J, Tena JJ, Giesert F, Schormair B, Tilch E, Lee H, Horsch M, Czamara D, Karbalai N, von Toerne C, Waldenberger M, Gieger C, Lichtner P, Claussnitzer M, Naumann R, Müller-Myhsok B, Torres M, Garrett L, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Beckers J, Hölter SM, Meitinger T, Hauck SM, Laumen H, Wurst W, Casares F, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Winkelmann J. Restless legs syndrome-associated intronic common variant in Meis1 alters enhancer function in the developing telencephalon. Genome Res 2014; 24:592-603. [PMID: 24642863 PMCID: PMC3975059 DOI: 10.1101/gr.166751.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the MEIS1 locus for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), but causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their functional relevance remain unknown. This locus contains a large number of highly conserved noncoding regions (HCNRs) potentially functioning as cis-regulatory modules. We analyzed these HCNRs for allele-dependent enhancer activity in zebrafish and mice and found that the risk allele of the lead SNP rs12469063 reduces enhancer activity in the Meis1 expression domain of the murine embryonic ganglionic eminences (GE). CREB1 binds this enhancer and rs12469063 affects its binding in vitro. In addition, MEIS1 target genes suggest a role in the specification of neuronal progenitors in the GE, and heterozygous Meis1-deficient mice exhibit hyperactivity, resembling the RLS phenotype. Thus, in vivo and in vitro analysis of a common SNP with small effect size showed allele-dependent function in the prospective basal ganglia representing the first neurodevelopmental region implicated in RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Spieler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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95
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Prep1 and Meis1 competition for Pbx1 binding regulates protein stability and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E896-905. [PMID: 24578510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pbx-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a tumor suppressor, whereas myeloid ecotropic viral integration site-1 (Meis1) is an oncogene. We show that, to perform these activities in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, both proteins competitively heterodimerize with pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox-1 (Pbx1). Meis1 alone transforms Prep1-deficient fibroblasts, whereas Prep1 overexpression inhibits Meis1 tumorigenicity. Pbx1 can, therefore, alternatively act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. Prep1 posttranslationally controls the level of Meis1, decreasing its stability by sequestering Pbx1. The different levels of Meis1 and the presence of Prep1 are followed at the transcriptional level by the induction of specific transcriptional signatures. The decrease of Meis1 prevents Meis1 interaction with Ddx3x and Ddx5, which are essential for Meis1 tumorigenesis, and modifies the growth-promoting DNA binding landscape of Meis1 to the growth-controlling landscape of Prep1. Hence, the key feature of Prep1 tumor-inhibiting activity is the control of Meis1 stability.
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96
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Longobardi E, Penkov D, Mateos D, De Florian G, Torres M, Blasi F. Biochemistry of the tale transcription factors PREP, MEIS, and PBX in vertebrates. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:59-75. [PMID: 23873833 PMCID: PMC4232920 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TALE (three amino acids loop extension) homeodomain transcription factors are required in various steps of embryo development, in many adult physiological functions, and are involved in important pathologies. This review focuses on the PREP, MEIS, and PBX sub-families of TALE factors and aims at giving information on their biochemical properties, i.e., structure, interactors, and interaction surfaces. Members of the three sets of protein form dimers in which the common partner is PBX but they can also directly interact with other proteins forming higher-order complexes, in particular HOX. Finally, recent advances in determining the genome-wide DNA-binding sites of PREP1, MEIS1, and PBX1, and their partial correspondence with the binding sites of some HOX proteins, are reviewed. These studies have generated a few general rules that can be applied to all members of the three gene families. PREP and MEIS recognize slightly different consensus sequences: PREP prefers to bind to promoters and to have PBX as a DNA-binding partner; MEIS prefers HOX as partner, and both PREP and MEIS drive PBX to their own binding sites. This outlines the clear individuality of the PREP and MEIS proteins, the former mostly devoted to basic cellular functions, the latter more to developmental functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Longobardi
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milano, Italy
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97
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Oriente F, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Longo M, Parrillo L, Pagano TB, Raciti GA, Penkov D, Paciello O, Miele C, Formisano P, Blasi F, Beguinot F. PREP1 deficiency downregulates hepatic lipogenesis and attenuates steatohepatitis in mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2713-22. [PMID: 24052111 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to investigate the function of Prep1 (also known as Pknox1) in hepatic lipogenesis. METHODS The hepatic lipogenesis pathway was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Biochemical variables were assessed using a clinical chemistry analyser. RESULTS Serum triacylglycerols and liver expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly decreased in Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous (Prep1 (i/+) ) mice compared with their non-hypomorphic littermates. Upstream FAS expression, phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC)ζ, liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) increased in Prep1 (i/+) mice, while protein and mRNA levels of the lipid phosphatase inhibitor of PKCζ, SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), was more than 60% reduced. Consistent with these findings, HepG2 cells transfected with Prep1 cDNA exhibited increased triacylglycerol accumulation and FAS expression, with strongly reduced PKCζ, LKB1, AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. Further experiments revealed the presence of both Prep1 and its major partner Pbx1 at the Ship2 (also known as Inppl1) promoter. PBX-regulating protein 1 (PREP1) and pre-B cell leukaemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) enhanced Ship2 transcription. The PREP1HR mutant, which is unable to bind PBX1, exhibited no effect on Ship2 function, indicating transcriptional activation of Ship2 by the PREP1/PBX1 complex. Treatment with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) induced steatosis in both Prep1 (i/+) and non-hypomorphic control mice. However, alanine aminotransferase increase, intracellular triacylglycerol content and histological evidence of liver steatosis, inflammation and necrosis were significantly less evident in Prep1 (i/+) mice, indicating that Prep1 silencing protects mice from MCDD-induced steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that Prep1 silencing reduces lipotoxicity by increasing PKCζ/LKB1/AMPK/ACC signalling, while levels of PREP1 expression may determine the risk of steatohepatitis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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98
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Cerdá-Esteban N, Spagnoli FM. Glimpse into Hox and tale regulation of cell differentiation and reprogramming. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:76-87. [PMID: 24123411 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells become gradually restricted in their developmental potential and start elaborating lineage-specific transcriptional networks to ultimately acquire a unique differentiated state. Hox genes play a central role in specifying regional identities, thereby providing the cell with critical information on positional value along its differentiation path. The exquisite DNA-binding specificity of the Hox proteins is frequently dependent upon their interaction with members of the TALE family of homeodomain proteins. In addition to their function as Hox-cofactors, TALE homeoproteins control multiple crucial developmental processes through Hox-independent mechanisms. Here, we will review recent findings on the function of both Hox and TALE proteins in cell differentiation, referring mostly to vertebrate species. In addition, we will discuss the direct implications of this knowledge on cell plasticity and cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cerdá-Esteban
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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99
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Agoston Z, Heine P, Brill MS, Grebbin BM, Hau AC, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Schramm J, Götz M, Schulte D. Meis2 is a Pax6 co-factor in neurogenesis and dopaminergic periglomerular fate specification in the adult olfactory bulb. Development 2013; 141:28-38. [PMID: 24284204 DOI: 10.1242/dev.097295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Meis homeodomain transcription factors control cell proliferation, cell fate specification and differentiation in development and disease. Previous studies have largely focused on Meis contribution to the development of non-neuronal tissues. By contrast, Meis function in the brain is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence for a dual role of the Meis family protein Meis2 in adult olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis. Meis2 is strongly expressed in neuroblasts of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and rostral migratory stream (RMS) and in some of the OB interneurons that are continuously replaced during adult life. Targeted manipulations with retroviral vectors expressing function-blocking forms or with small interfering RNAs demonstrated that Meis activity is cell-autonomously required for the acquisition of a general neuronal fate by SVZ-derived progenitors in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Meis2 activity in the RMS is important for the generation of dopaminergic periglomerular neurons in the OB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified doublecortin and tyrosine hydroxylase as direct Meis targets in newly generated neurons and the OB, respectively. Furthermore, biochemical analyses revealed a previously unrecognized complex of Meis2 with Pax6 and Dlx2, two transcription factors involved in OB neurogenesis. The full pro-neurogenic activity of Pax6 in SVZ derived neural stem and progenitor cells requires the presence of Meis. Collectively, these results show that Meis2 cooperates with Pax6 in generic neurogenesis and dopaminergic fate specification in the adult SVZ-OB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Agoston
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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100
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Pknox1/Prep1 regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation components in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:290-8. [PMID: 24216763 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01232-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Prep1 was previously shown to regulate insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study the specific role of Prep1 for the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Muscle-specific ablation of Prep1 resulted in increased expression of respiratory chain subunits. This finding was consistent with an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity without affecting mitochondrial volume fraction as assessed by electron microscopy. Metabolic phenotyping revealed no differences in daily energy expenditure or body composition. However, during treadmill exercise challenge, Prep1 ablation resulted in a higher maximal oxidative capacity and better endurance. Elevated PGC-1α expression was identified as a cause for increased mitochondrial capacity in Prep1 ablated mice. Prep1 stabilizes p160 Mybbp1a, a known inhibitor of PGC-1α activity. Thereby, p160 protein levels were significantly lower in the muscle of Prep1 ablated mice. By a chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) approach, PREP1 binding sites in genes encoding mitochondrial components (e.g., Ndufs2) were identified that might be responsible for elevated proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the muscle of Prep1 null mutants. These results suggest that Prep1 exhibits additional direct effects on regulation of mitochondrial proteins. We therefore conclude that Prep1 is a regulator of oxidative phosphorylation components via direct and indirect mechanisms.
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