51
|
Lei A, Chen L, Zhang M, Yang X, Xu L, Cao N, Zhang Z, Cao Y. EZH2 Regulates Protein Stability via Recruiting USP7 to Mediate Neuronal Gene Expression in Cancer Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31130994 PMCID: PMC6510286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Misexpression of chromatin modification factors and changed epigenetic modifications play crucial roles for tumorigenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of epigenetic modification enzymes EZH2, LSD1, DNMTs, and HDACs caused post-mitotic neuron-like differentiation in different cancer cells. However, how they regulate neuronal differentiation in cancer cells was unknown. Here, we show that EZH2, LSD1, DNMT1, and HDAC1 form interactions themselves, meanwhile, they also interact with SMAD proteins and β-CATENIN in cancer cells. Chemical inhibition of these enzymes leads to reduced level of proteins except HDAC1. The change in protein level and/or enzymatic activities further result in changed chromatin modifications on neuronal gene promoters, and activation of neuronal genes. Inhibition of these enzymes in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) also caused neuronal differentiation, similar to cancer cells. Particularly, EZH2 interacts with and required for the stability of LSD1, HDAC1, DNMT1, β-CATENIN, or SMAD2/4, via recruitment of deubiquitinase USP7. Reduced EZH2 leads to enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of these proteins, and decreased binding of LSD1, HDAC1, and DNMT1 to neuronal gene promoters, and lessened Wnt and TGFβ target gene activation. Hence, EZH2 sustains a series of proteins that promote tumorigenesis, in addition to its original function of histone methylation. Considering together with other studies, we conclude that these chromatin modification factors function in the same way in cancer cells as in neural progenitor/stem cells. The similarity between cancer cells and neural progenitor/stem cells provides an insight into the essence and unified framework for cancer initiation and progression, and are suggestive for novel strategies of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Lei
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyang Xu
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Gfi1b regulates the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1270. [PMID: 30894540 PMCID: PMC6426870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi1b is a transcriptional repressor expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and megakaryocytes (MKs). Gfi1b deficiency leads to expansion of both cell types and abrogates the ability of MKs to respond to integrin. Here we show that Gfi1b forms complexes with β-catenin, its co-factors Pontin52, CHD8, TLE3 and CtBP1 and regulates Wnt/β-catenin-dependent gene expression. In reporter assays, Gfi1b can activate TCF-dependent transcription and Wnt3a treatment enhances this activation. This requires interaction between Gfi1b and LSD1 and suggests that a tripartite β-catenin/Gfi1b/LSD1 complex exists, which regulates Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Consistently, numerous canonical Wnt/β-catenin target genes, co-occupied by Gfi1b, β-catenin and LSD1, have their expression deregulated in Gfi1b-deficient cells. When Gfi1b-deficient cells are treated with Wnt3a, their normal cellularity is restored and Gfi1b-deficient MKs regained their ability to spread on integrin substrates. This indicates that Gfi1b controls both the cellularity and functional integrity of HSCs and MKs by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Gfi1b regulates cellularity of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and megakaryocytes (MKs) as well as spreading of MKs on matrix. Here the authors show that Gfi1b regulates this behaviour by recruiting LSD1 and β-catenin to Wnt/β-catenin signalling targets.
Collapse
|
53
|
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards epigenetic stability and homeostasis of mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:948. [PMID: 30700782 PMCID: PMC6353868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent and can differentiate into cells belonging to the three germ layers of the embryo. However, mESC pluripotency and genome stability can be compromised in prolonged in vitro culture conditions. Several factors control mESC pluripotency, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is essential for mESC differentiation and proliferation. Here we show that the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards normal DNA methylation of mESCs. The activity of the pathway is progressively silenced during passages in culture and this results into a loss of the DNA methylation at many imprinting control regions (ICRs), loss of recruitment of chromatin repressors, and activation of retrotransposons, resulting into impaired mESC differentiation. Accordingly, sustained Wnt/β-catenin signaling maintains normal ICR methylation and mESC homeostasis and is a key regulator of genome stability.
Collapse
|
54
|
Liang R, Liu Y. Tcf7l1 directly regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:267. [PMID: 30326964 PMCID: PMC6190650 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family protein Tcf7l1 is highly abundant in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), regulating pluripotency and preparing epiblasts for further differentiation. Defects in the cardiovascular system in Tcf7l1-null mouse were considered secondary to mesoderm malformation. Here, we used temporally controlled Tcf7l1 expression in Tcf7l1-null ESCs to address whether Tcf7l1 directly contributes to cardiac forward programming. Tcf7l1 knockout during differentiation impaired cardiomyocyte formation but did not affect mesoderm formation. Tcf7l1-null ESCs showed delay in mesoderm formation, but once completed, ectopic Tcf7l1 augmented cardiomyocyte differentiation. Further, Tcf7l1-VP16 and Tcf7l1dN showed procardiac activity whereas Tcf7l1-En was ineffective. Our results support that Tcf7l1 contributes to cardiac lineage development as a β-catenin-independent transactivator of cardiac genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Cui C, Zhou X, Zhang W, Qu Y, Ke X. Is β-Catenin a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:623-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
56
|
Recruitment of lysine demethylase 2A to DNA double strand breaks and its interaction with 53BP1 ensures genome stability. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15915-15930. [PMID: 29662616 PMCID: PMC5882307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) functions in transcription as a demethylase of lysine 36 on histone H3. Herein, we characterise a role for KDM2A in the DNA damage response in which KDM2A stimulates conjugation of ubiquitin to 53BP1. Impaired KDM2A-mediated ubiquitination negatively affects the recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs. Notably, we show that KDM2A itself is recruited to DSBs in a process that depends on its demethylase activity and zinc finger domain. Moreover, we show that KDM2A plays an important role in ensuring genomic stability upon DNA damage. Depletion of KDM2A or disruption of its zinc finger domain results in the accumulation of micronuclei following ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. In addition, IR-treated cells depleted of KDM2A display premature exit from the G2/M checkpoint. Interestingly, loss of the zinc finger domain also resulted in 53BP1 focal distribution in condensed mitotic chromosomes. Overall, our data indicates that KDM2A plays an important role in modulating the recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA breaks and is crucial for the preservation of genome integrity following DNA damage.
Collapse
|
57
|
From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
58
|
Cao Y. Tumorigenesis as a process of gradual loss of original cell identity and gain of properties of neural precursor/progenitor cells. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:61. [PMID: 29177029 PMCID: PMC5693707 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease without a unified explanation for its cause so far. Our recent work demonstrates that cancer cells share similar regulatory networks and characteristics with embryonic neural cells. Based on the study, I will address the relationship between tumor and neural cells in more details. I collected the evidence from various aspects of cancer development in many other studies, and integrated the information from studies on cancer cell properties, cell fate specification during embryonic development and evolution. Synthesis of the information strongly supports that cancer cells share much more similarities with neural progenitor/stem cells than with mesenchymal-type cells and that tumorigenesis represents a process of gradual loss of cell or lineage identity and gain of characteristics of neural cells. I also discuss cancer EMT, a concept having been under intense debate, and possibly the true meaning of EMT in cancer initiation and development. This synthesis provides fresh insights into a unified explanation for and a previously unrecognized nature of tumorigenesis, which might not be revealed by studies on individual molecular events. The review will also present some brief suggestions for cancer research based on the proposed model of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061 China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lađinović D, Novotná J, Jakšová S, Raška I, Vacík T. A demethylation deficient isoform of the lysine demethylase KDM2A interacts with pericentromeric heterochromatin in an HP1a-dependent manner. Nucleus 2017; 8:563-572. [PMID: 28816576 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1342915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications have a profound impact on the chromatin structure and gene expression and their correct establishment and recognition is essential for correct cell functioning. Malfunction of histone modifying proteins is associated with developmental defects and diseases and detailed characterization of these proteins is therefore very important. The lysine specific demethylase KDM2A is a CpG island binding protein that has been studied predominantly for its ability to regulate CpG island-associated gene promoters by demethylating their H3K36me2. However, very little attention has been paid to the alternative KDM2A isoform that lacks the N-terminal demethylation domain, KDM2A-SF. Here we characterized KDM2A-SF more in detail and we found that, unlike the canonical full length KDM2A-LF isoform, KDM2A-SF forms distinct nuclear heterochromatic bodies in an HP1a dependent manner. Our chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments further showed that KDM2A binds to transcriptionally silent pericentromeric regions that exhibit high levels of H3K36me2. H3K36me2 is the substrate of the KDM2A demethylation activity and the high levels of this histone modification in the KDM2A-bound pericentromeric regions imply that these regions are occupied by the demethylation deficient KDM2A-SF isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Lađinović
- a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Novotná
- a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Jakšová
- a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Raška
- a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vacík
- a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rutledge EA, Benazet JD, McMahon AP. Cellular heterogeneity in the ureteric progenitor niche and distinct profiles of branching morphogenesis in organ development. Development 2017; 144:3177-3188. [PMID: 28705898 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis creates arborized epithelial networks. In the mammalian kidney, an epithelial progenitor pool at ureteric branch tips (UBTs) creates the urine-transporting collecting system. Using region-specific mouse reporter strains, we performed an RNA-seq screen, identifying tip- and stalk-enriched gene sets in the developing collecting duct system. Detailed in situ hybridization studies of tip-enriched predictions identified UBT-enriched gene sets conserved between the mouse and human kidney. Comparative spatial analysis of their UBT niche expression highlighted distinct patterns of gene expression revealing novel molecular heterogeneity within the UBT progenitor population. To identify kidney-specific and shared programs of branching morphogenesis, comparative expression studies on the developing mouse lung were combined with in silico analysis of the developing mouse salivary gland. These studies highlight a shared gene set with multi-organ tip enrichment and a gene set specific to UBTs. This comprehensive analysis extends our current understanding of the ureteric branch tip niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Rutledge
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jean-Denis Benazet
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Zhang Z, Lei A, Xu L, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Yang X, Zhang M, Cao Y. Similarity in gene-regulatory networks suggests that cancer cells share characteristics of embryonic neural cells. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are immature cells resulting from cellular reprogramming by gene misregulation, and redifferentiation is expected to reduce malignancy. It is unclear, however, whether cancer cells can undergo terminal differentiation. Here, we show that inhibition of the epigenetic modification enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), histone deacetylases 1 and 3 (HDAC1 and -3), lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1), or DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which all promote cancer development and progression, leads to postmitotic neuron-like differentiation with loss of malignant features in distinct solid cancer cell lines. The regulatory effect of these enzymes in neuronal differentiation resided in their intrinsic activity in embryonic neural precursor/progenitor cells. We further found that a major part of pan-cancer-promoting genes and the signal transducers of the pan-cancer-promoting signaling pathways, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mesenchymal marker genes, display neural specific expression during embryonic neurulation. In contrast, many tumor suppressor genes, including the EMT epithelial marker gene that encodes cadherin 1 (CDH1), exhibited non-neural or no expression. This correlation indicated that cancer cells and embryonic neural cells share a regulatory network, mediating both tumorigenesis and neural development. This observed similarity in regulatory mechanisms suggests that cancer cells might share characteristics of embryonic neural cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Liyang Xu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuena Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Yoshioka H, Yoshiko Y. The Roles of Long Non-Protein-Coding RNAs in Osteo-Adipogenic Lineage Commitment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1236. [PMID: 28598385 PMCID: PMC5486059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common mesenchymal progenitor in the bone marrow. This implies that a reciprocal relationship exists between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Further, cells of osteoblast lineage transdifferentiate into adipocytes under some circumstances. Dysregulation of osteo-adipogenic fate-determination leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis, accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipose tissue. Thus, the fine-tuning of osteo-adipogenesis is necessary for bone homeostasis. Osteo-adipogenic progression is governed by a complex crosstalk of extrinsic signals, transcription factors, and epigenetic factors. Long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act in part as epigenetic regulators in a broad range of biological activities, such as chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, and histone modification. In this review, we highlight the roles of epigenetic regulators, particularly lncRNAs, in the osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yoshioka
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yuji Yoshiko
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Batie M, Druker J, D'Ignazio L, Rocha S. KDM2 Family Members are Regulated by HIF-1 in Hypoxia. Cells 2017; 6:E8. [PMID: 28304334 PMCID: PMC5371873 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is not only a developmental cue but also a stress and pathological stimulus in many human diseases. The response to hypoxia at the cellular level relies on the activity of the transcription factor family, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF-1 is responsible for the acute response and transactivates a variety of genes involved in cellular metabolism, cell death, and cell growth. Here, we show that hypoxia results in increased mRNA levels for human lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2 (KDM2) family members, KDM2A and KDM2B, and also for Drosophila melanogaster KDM2, a histone and protein demethylase. In human cells, KDM2 family member's mRNA levels are regulated by HIF-1 but not HIF-2 in hypoxia. Interestingly, only KDM2A protein levels are significantly induced in a HIF-1-dependent manner, while KDM2B protein changes in a cell type-dependent manner. Importantly, we demonstrate that in human cells, KDM2A regulation by hypoxia and HIF-1 occurs at the level of promoter, with HIF-1 binding to the KDM2A promoter being required for RNA polymerase II recruitment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that KDM2 is a novel HIF target that can help coordinate the cellular response to hypoxia. In addition, these results might explain why KDM2 levels are often deregulated in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Jimena Druker
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Rong X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhao B, Wang B, Wang C, Gong X, Tang P, Lu L, Li Y, Zhao C, Zhou J. Glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulates dorsal organizer formation in zebrafish embryos. Development 2017; 144:1687-1697. [PMID: 28302747 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in axis formation during embryogenesis and in adult tissue homeostasis. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a selenoenzyme and participates in the reduction of peroxides. Its synthesis depends on the availability of the element selenium. However, the roles of GPX4 in vertebrate embryonic development and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that maternal loss of zebrafish gpx4b promotes embryonic dorsal organizer formation, whereas overexpression of gpx4b inhibits the development of the dorsal organizer. Depletion of human GPX4 and zebrafish gpx4b (GPX4/gpx4b) increases, while GPX4/gpx4b overexpression decreases, Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro Functional and epistatic studies showed that GPX4 functions at the Tcf/Lef level, independently of selenocysteine activation. Mechanistically, GPX4 interacts with Tcf/Lefs and inhibits Wnt activity by preventing the binding of Tcf/Lefs to the promoters of Wnt target genes, resulting in inhibitory action in the presence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our findings unravel GPX4 as a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin signals, suggesting a possible relationship between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and selenium via the association of Tcf/Lef family proteins with GPX4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and College of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunzhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and College of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Hoffmeyer K, Junghans D, Kanzler B, Kemler R. Trimethylation and Acetylation of β-Catenin at Lysine 49 Represent Key Elements in ESC Pluripotency. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2815-2824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
67
|
Zhu P, Wang Y, Huang G, Ye B, Liu B, Wu J, Du Y, He L, Fan Z. lnc-β-Catm elicits EZH2-dependent β-catenin stabilization and sustains liver CSC self-renewal. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:631-9. [PMID: 27239797 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the high rate of recurrence and heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and differentiation remain largely unknown. Through analysis of transcriptome microarray data, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called lnc-β-Catm, which is highly expressed in human HCC tumors and liver CSCs. We found that lnc-β-Catm is required for self-renewal of liver CSCs and tumor propagation in mice. lnc-β-Catm associates with β-catenin and the methyltransferase EZH2, thereby promoting β-catenin methylation. Methylation suppresses the ubiquitination of β-catenin and promotes its stability, thus leading to activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Accordingly, the expression of lnc-β-Catm, EZH2 and Wnt-β-catenin targets is positively correlated with cancer severity and prognosis of people with HCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Methylation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Stability
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Ubiquitination
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
SETD7 Controls Intestinal Regeneration and Tumorigenesis by Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo/YAP Signaling. Dev Cell 2016; 37:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
69
|
Andricovich J, Kai Y, Peng W, Foudi A, Tzatsos A. Histone demethylase KDM2B regulates lineage commitment in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:905-20. [PMID: 26808549 DOI: 10.1172/jci84014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the hematopoietic system is a dynamic process that is controlled by the interplay between transcriptional and epigenetic networks to determine cellular identity. These networks are critical for lineage specification and are frequently dysregulated in leukemias. Here, we identified histone demethylase KDM2B as a critical regulator of definitive hematopoiesis and lineage commitment of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). RNA sequencing of Kdm2b-null HSPCs and genome-wide ChIP studies in human leukemias revealed that KDM2B cooperates with polycomb and trithorax complexes to regulate differentiation, lineage choice, cytokine signaling, and cell cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KDM2B exhibits a dichotomous role in hematopoietic malignancies. Specifically, we determined that KDM2B maintains lymphoid leukemias, but restrains RAS-driven myeloid transformation. Our study reveals that KDM2B is an important mediator of hematopoietic cell development and has opposing roles in tumor progression that are dependent on cellular context.
Collapse
|
70
|
β-Catenin, a Transcription Factor Activated by Canonical Wnt Signaling, Is Expressed in Sensory Neurons of Calves Latently Infected with Bovine Herpesvirus 1. J Virol 2016; 90:3148-59. [PMID: 26739046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02971-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Like many Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) expresses an abundant transcript in latently infected sensory neurons, the latency-related (LR)-RNA. LR-RNA encodes a protein (ORF2) that inhibits apoptosis, interacts with Notch family members, interferes with Notch-mediated transcription, and stimulates neurite formation in cells expressing Notch. An LR mutant virus containing stop codons at the amino terminus of ORF2 does not reactivate from latency or replicate efficiently in certain tissues, indicating that LR gene products are important. In this study, β-catenin, a transcription factor activated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, was frequently detected in ORF2-positive trigeminal ganglionic neurons of latently infected, but not mock-infected, calves. Conversely, the lytic cycle regulatory protein (BoHV-1 infected cell protein 0, or bICP0) was not frequently detected in β-catenin-positive neurons in latently infected calves. During dexamethasone-induced reactivation from latency, mRNA expression levels of two Wnt antagonists, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), were induced in bovine trigeminal ganglia (TG), which correlated with reduced β-catenin protein expression in TG neurons 6 h after dexamethasone treatment. ORF2 and a coactivator of β-catenin, mastermind-like protein 1 (MAML1), stabilized β-catenin protein levels and stimulated β-catenin-dependent transcription in mouse neuroblastoma cells more effectively than MAML1 or ORF2 alone. Neuroblastoma cells expressing ORF2, MAML1, and β-catenin were highly resistant to cell death following serum withdrawal, whereas most cells transfected with only one of these genes died. The Wnt signaling pathway interferes with neurodegeneration but promotes neuronal differentiation, suggesting that stabilization of β-catenin expression by ORF2 promotes neuronal survival and differentiation. IMPORTANCE Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and like many Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members establishes latency in sensory neurons. Lifelong latency and the ability to reactivate from latency are crucial for virus transmission. Maintaining the survival and normal functions of terminally differentiated neurons is also crucial for lifelong latency. Our studies revealed that BoHV-1 gene products expressed during latency stabilize expression of the transcription factor β-catenin and perhaps its cofactor, mastermind-like protein 1 (MAML1). In contrast to expression during latency, β-catenin expression in sensory neurons is not detectable following treatment of latently infected calves with the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone to initiate reactivation from latency. A viral protein (ORF2) expressed in a subset of latently infected neurons stabilized β-catenin and MAML1 in transfected cells. ORF2, β-catenin, and MAML1 also enhanced cell survival when growth factors were withdrawn, suggesting that these genes enhance survival of latently infected neurons.
Collapse
|
71
|
Dimitrova E, Turberfield AH, Klose RJ. Histone demethylases in chromatin biology and beyond. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1620-39. [PMID: 26564907 PMCID: PMC4687429 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays fundamental roles in regulating chromatin-based processes. With the discovery of histone demethylases over a decade ago, it is now clear that histone methylation is dynamically regulated to shape the epigenome and regulate important nuclear processes including transcription, cell cycle control and DNA repair. In addition, recent observations suggest that these enzymes could also have functions beyond their originally proposed role as histone demethylases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the role of histone demethylases in a wide variety of normal cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
During Wnt stimulation, β-catenin accumulates in the nucleus, where it regulates gene transcription. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Lu et al. (2015) report a mechanism that specifically targets this nuclear pool for degradation, using lysine demethylation as ubiquitination signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fagotto
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A1B1, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|