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Patel N, Ouellet V, Paquet-Mercier F, Chetoui N, Bélanger E, Paquet ME, Godin AG, Marquet P. A robust and reliable methodology to perform GECI-based multi-time point neuronal calcium imaging within mixed cultures of human iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1247397. [PMID: 37817802 PMCID: PMC10560759 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1247397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with their ability to generate human neural cells (astrocytes and neurons) from patients, hold great promise for understanding the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, which includes alterations in cerebral development. Indeed, the in vitro neurodifferentiation of iPSCs, while recapitulating certain major stages of neurodevelopment in vivo, makes it possible to obtain networks of living human neurons. The culture model presented is particularly attractive within this framework since it involves iPSC-derived neural cells, which more specifically differentiate into cortical neurons of diverse types (in particular glutamatergic and GABAergic) and astrocytes. However, these in vitro neuronal networks, which may be heterogeneous in their degree of differentiation, remain challenging to bring to an appropriate level of maturation. It is therefore necessary to develop tools capable of analyzing a large number of cells to assess this maturation process. Calcium (Ca2+) imaging, which has been extensively developed, undoubtedly offers an incredibly good approach, particularly in its versions using genetically encoded calcium indicators. However, in the context of these iPSC-derived neural cell cultures, there is a lack of studies that propose Ca2+ imaging methods that can finely characterize the evolution of neuronal maturation during the neurodifferentiation process. Methods In this study, we propose a robust and reliable method for specifically measuring neuronal activity at two different time points of the neurodifferentiation process in such human neural cultures. To this end, we have developed a specific Ca2+ signal analysis procedure and tested a series of different AAV serotypes to obtain expression levels of GCaMP6f under the control of the neuron-specific human synapsin1 (hSyn) promoter. Results The retro serotype has been found to be the most efficient in driving the expression of the GCaMP6f and is compatible with multi-time point neuronal Ca2+ imaging in our human iPSC-derived neural cultures. An AAV2/retro carrying GCaMP6f under the hSyn promoter (AAV2/retro-hSyn-GCaMP6f) is an efficient vector that we have identified. To establish the method, calcium measurements were carried out at two time points in the neurodifferentiation process with both hSyn and CAG promoters, the latter being known to provide high transient gene expression across various cell types. Discussion Our results stress that this methodology involving AAV2/retro-hSyn-GCaMP6f is suitable for specifically measuring neuronal calcium activities over multiple time points and is compatible with the neurodifferentiation process in our mixed human neural cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Ouellet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nizar Chetoui
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Bélanger
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Paquet
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine G. Godin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Moreira NCDS, Tamarozzi ER, Lima JEBDF, Piassi LDO, Carvalho I, Passos GA, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Novel Dual AChE and ROCK2 Inhibitor Induces Neurogenesis via PTEN/AKT Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314788. [PMID: 36499116 PMCID: PMC9737254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are a major class of drugs used in AD therapy. ROCK2, another promising target for AD, has been associated with the induction of neurogenesis via PTEN/AKT. This study aimed to characterize the therapeutic potential of a novel donepezil-tacrine hybrid compound (TA8Amino) to inhibit AChE and ROCK2 protein, leading to the induction of neurogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Experiments were carried out with undifferentiated and neuron-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells submitted to treatments with AChEIs (TA8Amino, donepezil, and tacrine) for 24 h or 7 days. TA8Amino was capable of inhibiting AChE at non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h. Following neuronal differentiation for 7 days, TA8Amino and donepezil increased the percentage of neurodifferentiated cells and the length of neurites, as confirmed by β-III-tubulin and MAP2 protein expression. TA8Amino was found to participate in the activation of PTEN/AKT signaling. In silico analysis showed that TA8Amino can stably bind to the active site of ROCK2, and in vitro experiments in SH-SY5Y cells demonstrate that TA8Amino significantly reduced the expression of ROCK2 protein, contrasting with donepezil and tacrine. Therefore, these results provide important information on the mechanism underlying the action of TA8Amino with regard to multi-target activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvira Regina Tamarozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities—USP, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa de Oliveira Piassi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Aleixo Passos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3827
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Blando S, Raffaele I, Chiricosta L, Valeri A, Gugliandolo A, Silvestro S, Pollastro F, Mazzon E. Cannabidiol Promotes Neuronal Differentiation Using Akt and Erk Pathways Triggered by Cb1 Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175644. [PMID: 36080415 PMCID: PMC9457834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the scientific community has started to focus on the neurogenic potential of cannabinoids. The phytocompound cannabidiol (CBD) shows different mechanism of signaling on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), depending on its concentration. In this study, we investigated if CBD may induce in vitro neuronal differentiation after treatment at 5 µM and 10 µM. For this purpose, we decided to use the spinal cord × neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (NSC-34) because of its proliferative and undifferentiated state. The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles were tested using high-throughput sequencing technology and Western blot assay was used to determine the number of main proteins in different pathways. Interestingly, the treatment shows different genes associated with neurodifferentiation statistically significant, such as Rbfox3, Tubb3, Pax6 and Eno2. The CB1 signaling pathway is responsible for neuronal differentiation at 10 µM, as suggested by the presence of p-ERK and p-AKT, but not at 5 µM. A new correlation between CBD, neurodifferentiation and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Blando
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Ivana Raffaele
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Andrea Valeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Serena Silvestro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy,
- Correspondence:
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Fernandez Garcia-Agudo L, Steixner-Kumar AA, Curto Y, Barnkothe N, Hassouna I, Jähne S, Butt UJ, Grewe K, Weber MS, Green K, Rizzoli S, Nacher J, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Brain erythropoietin fine-tunes a counterbalance between neurodifferentiation and microglia in the adult hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109548. [PMID: 34433021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult cornu ammonis hippocampi, erythropoietin (EPO) expression drives the differentiation of new neurons, independent of DNA synthesis, and increases dendritic spine density. This substantial brain hardware upgrade is part of a regulatory circle: during motor-cognitive challenge, neurons experience "functional" hypoxia, triggering neuronal EPO production, which in turn promotes improved performance. Here, we show an unexpected involvement of resident microglia. During EPO upregulation and stimulated neurodifferentiation, either by functional or inspiratory hypoxia, microglia numbers decrease. Treating mice with recombinant human (rh)EPO or exposure to hypoxia recapitulates these changes and reveals the involvement of neuronally expressed IL-34 and microglial CSF1R. Surprisingly, EPO affects microglia in phases, initially by inducing apoptosis, later by reducing proliferation, and overall dampens microglia activity and metabolism, as verified by selective genetic targeting of either the microglial or pyramidal neuronal EPO receptor. We suggest that during accelerating neuronal differentiation, EPO acts as regulator of the CSF1R-dependent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes A Steixner-Kumar
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Barnkothe
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jähne
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Umer Javed Butt
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurology, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Cheng X, Li W, Zhao R, Li H, Qin J, Tian M, Zhang X, Jin G. The role of hippocampal niche exosomes in rat hippocampal neurogenesis after fimbria-fornix transection. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100188. [PMID: 33334882 PMCID: PMC7948408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes transfer signaling molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to facilitate cell–cell communication and play an important role in the stem cell microenvironment. In previous work, we demonstrated that rat fimbria–fornix transection (FFT) enhances neurogenesis from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ). However, how neurogenesis is modulated after denervation remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether exosomes in a denervated hippocampal niche may affect neurogenesis. Using the FFT rat model, we extracted hippocampal exosomes and identified them using western blots, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle size measurement. We also used RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of exosomes to identify noncoding RNA expression profiles and neurogenesis-related miRNAs, respectively. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated 9 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs. miR-3559-3P and miR-6324 increased gradually after FFT. Thus, we investigated the function of miR-3559-3P and miR-6324 with NSC proliferation and differentiation assays. Transfection of miR-3559-3p and miR-6324 mimics inhibited the proliferation of NSCs and promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons, while miR-3559-3p and miR-6324 inhibitors promoted NSC proliferation and inhibited neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the exosome marker molecules CD9, CD63, and Alix were expressed in exosomes extracted from the hippocampal niche. Finally, TEM showed that exosomes were ∼100 nm in diameter and had a “saucer-like” bilayer membrane structure. Taken together, these findings suggest that differentially expressed exosomes and their related miRNAs in the denervated hippocampal niche can promote differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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6
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Rodriguez-Losada N, Wendelbob R, Ocaña MC, Casares AD, Guzman de Villoría R, Aguirre Gomez JA, Arraez MA, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Medina MA, Arenas E, Narvaez JA. Graphene Oxide and Reduced Derivatives, as Powder or Film Scaffolds, Differentially Promote Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation and Survival. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:570409. [PMID: 33408604 PMCID: PMC7779605 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.570409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging scaffold structures made of carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO) have shown efficient bioconjugation with common biomolecules. Previous studies described that GO promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells and may be useful for neural regeneration. In this study, we examined the capacity of GO, full reduced (FRGO), and partially reduced (PRGO) powder and film to support survival, proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and bioenergetic function of a dopaminergic (DA) cell line derived from the mouse substantia nigra (SN4741). Our results show that the morphology of the film and the species of graphene (GO, PRGO, or FRGO) influences the behavior and function of these neurons. In general, we found better biocompatibility of the film species than that of the powder. Analysis of cell viability and cytotoxicity showed good cell survival, a lack of cell death in all GO forms and its derivatives, a decreased proliferation, and increased differentiation over time. Neuronal maturation of SN4741 in all GO forms, and its derivatives were assessed by increased protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), the glutamate inward rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2), and of synaptic proteins, such as synaptobrevin and synaptophysin. Notably, PRGO-film increased the levels of Tuj1 and the expression of transcription factors specific for midbrain DA neurons, such as Pitx3, Lmx1a, and Lmx1b. Bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption modified by distinct GO species and were different between powder and film for the same GO species. Our results indicate that PRGO-film was the best GO species at maintaining mitochondrial function compared to control. Finally, different GO forms, and particularly PRGO-film was also found to prevent the loss of DA cells and the decrease of the α-synuclein (α-syn) in a molecular environment where oxidative stress has been induced to model Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, PRGO-film is the most efficient graphene species at promoting DA differentiation and preventing DA cell loss, thus becoming a suitable scaffold to test new drugs or develop constructs for Parkinson's disease cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noela Rodriguez-Losada
- Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA C07), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Didactic Science Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Ocaña
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
| | - Amelia Diaz Casares
- Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA C07), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Roberto Guzman de Villoría
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Applied to Design, Manufacturing and Applications of Composite Materials (LAMCOM), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Jose A Aguirre Gomez
- Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA C07), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Arraez
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department Neurosurgery, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional de Malaga, Andalusian Health System (SAS), Malaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Miguel A Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose A Narvaez
- Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA C07), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Konar A, Kalra RS, Chaudhary A, Nayak A, Guruprasad KP, Satyamoorthy K, Ishida Y, Terao K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Identification of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) as a Potent Neurodifferentiating Natural Compound That Improves Cognitive and Physiological Functions in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:561925. [PMID: 33244299 PMCID: PMC7685006 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.561925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based screening of bioactive compounds has served as an important gateway in drug discovery. In the present report, using human neuroblastoma cells and enrolling an extensive three-step screening of 57 phytochemicals, we have identified caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a potent neurodifferentiating natural compound. Analyses of control and CAPE-induced neurodifferentiated cells revealed: (i) modulation of several key proteins (NF200, MAP-2, NeuN, PSD95, Tuj1, GAP43, and GFAP) involved in neurodifferentiation process; and (ii) attenuation of neuronal stemness (HOXD13, WNT3, and Msh-2) and proliferation-promoting (CDC-20, CDK-7, and BubR1) proteins. We anticipated that the neurodifferentiation potential of CAPE may be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and tested it using the Drosophila model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mice model of amnesia/loss of memory. In both models, CAPE exhibited improved disease symptoms and activation of physiological functions. Remarkably, CAPE-treated mice showed increased levels of neurotrophin-BDNF, neural progenitor marker-Nestin, and differentiation marker-NeuN, both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Taken together, we demonstrate the differentiation-inducing and therapeutic potential of CAPE for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Konar
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aashika Nayak
- DAILAB, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Kanive P Guruprasad
- DAILAB, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- DAILAB, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Sunil C Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,KAUL-Tech Co., Ltd., Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Ebrahimi V, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA, Piryaei A, Haghir H, Sadeghi Y. Functional dopaminergic neurons derived from human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate striatal atrophy and improve behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian rat model. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2274-2289. [PMID: 31642188 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (HCMSCs) have been recognized as a desirable choice for cell therapy in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to invaluable features of HCMSCs including their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, easily accessible and less differentiated compared to other types of MSCs, HCMSCs provide a great hope for regenerative medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of HCMSCs-derived dopaminergic (DA) neuron-like cells with regard to PD. Initially, HCMSCs were isolated and underwent a 2-week DA differentiation, followed by in vitro assessments, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, patch clamp recording, and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of implanted HCMSCs-derived DA neuron-like cells on the motor coordination along with stereological alterations in the striatum of rat models of PD were investigated. Our results showed that under neuronal induction, HCMSCs revealed neuron-like morphology, and expressed neuronal and DA-specific genes, together with DA release. Furthermore, transplantation of HCMSCs-derived DA neurons into the striatum of rat models of PD, augmented performance. Besides, it prevented reduction of striatal volume, dendritic length, and the total number of neurons, coupled with a diminished level of cleaved caspase-3. Altogether, these findings suggest that HCMSCs could be considered as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Shortly after its discovery in 2000, WWOX was hailed as a tumor suppressor gene. In subsequent years of research, this function was confirmed indisputably. Majority of tumors show high rate of loss of heterozygosity and decreased expression of WWOX. Nevertheless, over the years, the range of its known functions, at the cellular, organ and system levels, has expanded to include metabolism and endocrine system control and CNS differentiation and functioning. Despite of its function as a tumor suppressor gene, WWOX genetic alternations were found in a number of metabolic and neural diseases. A lack of WWOX protein as a consequence of germline mutations results in brain development disturbances and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Ż Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - A K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
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10
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Rodríguez-Berdini L, Ferrero GO, Bustos Plonka F, Cardozo Gizzi AM, Prucca CG, Quiroga S, Caputto BL. The moonlighting protein c-Fos activates lipid synthesis in neurons, an activity that is critical for cellular differentiation and cortical development. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8808-8818. [PMID: 32385110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of neuronal cells is crucial for the development and function of the nervous system. This process involves high rates of membrane expansion, during which the synthesis of membrane lipids must be tightly regulated. In this work, using a variety of molecular and biochemical assays and approaches, including immunofluorescence microscopy and FRET analyses, we demonstrate that the proto-oncogene c-Fos (c-Fos) activates cytoplasmic lipid synthesis in the central nervous system and thereby supports neuronal differentiation. Specifically, in hippocampal primary cultures, blocking c-Fos expression or its activity impairs neuronal differentiation. When examining its subcellular localization, we found that c-Fos co-localizes with endoplasmic reticulum markers and strongly interacts with lipid-synthesizing enzymes, whose activities were markedly increased in vitro in the presence of recombinant c-Fos. Of note, the expression of c-Fos dominant-negative variants capable of blocking its lipid synthesis-activating activity impaired neuronal differentiation. Moreover, using an in utero electroporation model, we observed that neurons with blocked c-Fos expression or lacking its AP-1-independent activity fail to initiate cortical development. These results highlight the importance of c-Fos-mediated activation of lipid synthesis for proper nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodríguez-Berdini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Orlando Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florentyna Bustos Plonka
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Mauricio Cardozo Gizzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César Germán Prucca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Leonor Caputto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Zhang C, Huang H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Lu W, Qiu M. The transcription factor NKX2-2 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation through domain-specific interactions with transcriptional corepressors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1879-1888. [PMID: 31932307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain protein NK2 homeobox 2 (NKX2-2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the control of cell fate specification and differentiation in many tissues. In the developing central nervous system, this developmentally important transcription factor functions as a transcriptional repressor that governs oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin gene expression, but the roles of various NKX2-2 structural domains in this process are unclear. In this study, using in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation, we determined the structural domains that mediate the repressive functions of murine NKX2-2 and identified the transcriptional corepressors that interact with it in OL cells. Through in ovo electroporation in embryonic chicken spinal cords, we demonstrate that the N-terminal Tinman domain and C-terminal domain synergistically promote OL differentiation by recruiting distinct transcriptional corepressors, including enhancer of split Groucho 3 (GRG3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and DNA methyltransferase 3 α (DNMT3A). We also observed that the NK2-specific domain suppresses the function of the C-terminal domain in OL differentiation. These findings delineate the distinct NKX2-2 domains and their roles in OL differentiation and suggest that NKX2-2 regulates differentiation by repressing gene expression via multiple cofactors and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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12
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Chiricozzi E, Biase ED, Maggioni M, Lunghi G, Fazzari M, Pomè DY, Casellato R, Loberto N, Mauri L, Sonnino S. GM1 promotes TrkA-mediated neuroblastoma cell differentiation by occupying a plasma membrane domain different from TrkA. J Neurochem 2019; 149:231-241. [PMID: 30776097 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we highlighted that the ganglioside GM1 promotes neuroblastoma cells differentiation by activating the TrkA receptor through the formation of a TrkA-GM1 oligosaccharide complex at the cell surface. To study the TrkA-GM1 interaction, we synthesized two radioactive GM1 derivatives presenting a photoactivable nitrophenylazide group at the end of lipid moiety, 1 or at position 6 of external galactose, 2; and a radioactive oligosaccharide portion of GM1 carrying the nitrophenylazide group at position 1 of glucose, 3. The three compounds were singly administered to cultured neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells under established conditions that allow cell surface interactions. After UV activation of photoactivable compounds, the proteins were analyzed by PAGE separation. The formation of cross-linked TrkA-GM1 derivatives complexes was identified by both radioimaging and immunoblotting. Results indicated that the administration of compounds 2 and 3, carrying the photoactivable group on the oligosaccharide, led to the formation of a radioactive TrkA complex, while the administration of compound 1 did not. This underlines that the TrkA-GM1 interaction directly involves the GM1 oligosaccharide, but not the ceramide. To better understand how GM1 relates to the TrkA, we isolated plasma membrane lipid rafts. As expected, GM1 was found in the rigid detergent-resistant fractions, while TrkA was found as a detergent soluble fraction component. These results suggest that TrkA and GM1 belong to separate membrane domains: probably TrkA interacts by 'flopping' down its extracellular portion onto the membrane, approaching its interplay site to the oligosaccharide portion of GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Di Biase
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Maggioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Fazzari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Yuri Pomè
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casellato
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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13
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Calvo-Garrido J, Maffezzini C, Schober FA, Clemente P, Uhlin E, Kele M, Stranneheim H, Lesko N, Bruhn H, Svenningsson P, Falk A, Wedell A, Freyer C, Wredenberg A. SQSTM1/p62-Directed Metabolic Reprogramming Is Essential for Normal Neurodifferentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:696-711. [PMID: 30827875 PMCID: PMC6449840 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are an increasingly common and irreversible burden on society, often affecting the aging population, but their etiology and disease mechanisms are poorly understood. Studying monogenic neurodegenerative diseases with known genetic cause provides an opportunity to understand cellular mechanisms also affected in more complex disorders. We recently reported that loss-of-function mutations in the autophagy adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 lead to a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease presenting in childhood. To further elucidate the neuronal involvement, we studied the cellular consequences of loss of p62 in a neuroepithelial stem cell (NESC) model and differentiated neurons derived from reprogrammed p62 patient cells or by CRISPR/Cas9-directed gene editing in NESCs. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggest that p62 is essential for neuronal differentiation by controlling the metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation required for neuronal maturation. This shift is blocked by the failure to sufficiently downregulate lactate dehydrogenase expression due to the loss of p62, possibly through impaired Hif-1α downregulation and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. The findings imply an important role for p62 in neuronal energy metabolism and particularly in the regulation of the shift between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation required for normal neurodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Maffezzini
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian A Schober
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Clemente
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Uhlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kele
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stranneheim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Lesko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Bruhn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Zgajnar NR, De Leo SA, Lotufo CM, Erlejman AG, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. Biological Actions of the Hsp90-binding Immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020052. [PMID: 30717249 PMCID: PMC6406450 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunophilins are a family of proteins whose signature domain is the peptidylprolyl-isomerase domain. High molecular weight immunophilins are characterized by the additional presence of tetratricopeptide-repeats (TPR) through which they bind to the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), and via this chaperone, immunophilins contribute to the regulation of the biological functions of several client-proteins. Among these Hsp90-binding immunophilins, there are two highly homologous members named FKBP51 and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 51-kDa and 52-kDa, respectively) that were first characterized as components of the Hsp90-based heterocomplex associated to steroid receptors. Afterwards, they emerged as likely contributors to a variety of other hormone-dependent diseases, stress-related pathologies, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and other syndromes characterized by misfolded proteins. The differential biological actions of these immunophilins have been assigned to the structurally similar, but functionally divergent enzymatic domain. Nonetheless, they also require the complementary input of the TPR domain, most likely due to their dependence with the association to Hsp90 as a functional unit. FKBP51 and FKBP52 regulate a variety of biological processes such as steroid receptor action, transcriptional activity, protein conformation, protein trafficking, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cancer progression, telomerase activity, cytoskeleton architecture, etc. In this article we discuss the biology of these events and some mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Sonia A De Leo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia M Lotufo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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15
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Hirota A, Nakajima-Koyama M, Ashida Y, Nishida E. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex protein CHD4 regulates neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by down-regulating p53. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:195-209. [PMID: 30409903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage specification of the three germ layers occurs during early embryogenesis and is critical for normal development. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is a repressive chromatin modifier that plays a role in lineage commitment. However, the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), one of the core subunits of the NuRD complex, in neural lineage commitment is poorly understood. Here, we report that the CHD4/NuRD complex plays a critical role in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We found that RNAi-mediated Chd4 knockdown suppresses neural differentiation, as did knockdown of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein Mbd3, another NuRD subunit. Chd4 and Mbd3 knockdowns similarly affected changes in global gene expression during neural differentiation and up-regulated several mesendodermal genes. However, inhibition of mesendodermal genes by knocking out the master regulators of mesendodermal lineages, Brachyury and Eomes, through a CRISPR/Cas9 approach could not restore the impaired neural differentiation caused by the Chd4 knockdown, suggesting that CHD4 controls neural differentiation by not repressing other lineage differentiation processes. Notably, Chd4 knockdown increased the acetylation levels of p53, resulting in increased protein levels of p53. Double knockdown of Chd4 and p53 restored the neural differentiation rate. Furthermore, overexpression of BCL2, a downstream factor of p53, partially rescued the impaired neural differentiation caused by the Chd4 knockdown. Our findings reveal that the CHD4/NuRD complex regulates neural differentiation of ESCs by down-regulating p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirota
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; AMED-CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Ashida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502; AMED-CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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16
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Burkholder NT, Mayfield JE, Yu X, Irani S, Arce DK, Jiang F, Matthews WL, Xue Y, Zhang YJ. Phosphatase activity of small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) controls the stability of the key neuronal regulator RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16851-16861. [PMID: 30217818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is the major scaffold protein for assembly of neuronal gene silencing complexes that suppress gene transcription through regulating the surrounding chromatin structure. REST represses neuronal gene expression in stem cells and non-neuronal cells, but it is minimally expressed in neuronal cells to ensure proper neuronal development. Dysregulation of REST function has been implicated in several cancers and neurological diseases. Modulating REST gene silencing is challenging because cellular and developmental differences can affect its activity. We therefore considered the possibility of modulating REST activity through its regulatory proteins. The human small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) regulates the phosphorylation state of REST at sites that function as REST degradation checkpoints. Using kinetic analysis and direct visualization with X-ray crystallography, we show that SCP1 dephosphorylates two degron phosphosites of REST with a clear preference for phosphoserine 861 (pSer-861). Furthermore, we show that SCP1 stabilizes REST protein levels, which sustains REST's gene silencing function in HEK293 cells. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that REST is a bona fide substrate for SCP1 in vivo and that SCP1 phosphatase activity protects REST against degradation. These observations indicate that targeting REST via its regulatory protein SCP1 can modulate its activity and alter signaling in this essential developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohua Yu
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | | | | | - Faqin Jiang
- the School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yuanchao Xue
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biosciences and .,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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17
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Su Z, Zhang Y, Liao B, Zhong X, Chen X, Wang H, Guo Y, Shan Y, Wang L, Pan G. Antagonism between the transcription factors NANOG and OTX2 specifies rostral or caudal cell fate during neural patterning transition. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4445-4455. [PMID: 29386354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During neurogenesis, neural patterning is a critical step during which neural progenitor cells differentiate into neurons with distinct functions. However, the molecular determinants that regulate neural patterning remain poorly understood. Here we optimized the "dual SMAD inhibition" method to specifically promote differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into forebrain and hindbrain neural progenitor cells along the rostral-caudal axis. We report that neural patterning determination occurs at the very early stage in this differentiation. Undifferentiated hPSCs expressed basal levels of the transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) that dominantly drove hPSCs into the "default" rostral fate at the beginning of differentiation. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) through CHIR99021 application sustained transient expression of the transcription factor NANOG at early differentiation stages through Wnt signaling. Wnt signaling and NANOG antagonized OTX2 and, in the later stages of differentiation, switched the default rostral cell fate to the caudal one. Our findings have uncovered a mutual antagonism between NANOG and OTX2 underlying cell fate decisions during neural patterning, critical for the regulation of early neural development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Su
- From the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China.,the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China.,the Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 230088 Hefei, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Liao
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China.,the Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 230088 Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhong
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- the School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Haitao Wang
- From the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Shan
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China, .,the Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 230088 Hefei, China
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18
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Li Y, Wang R, Qiao N, Peng G, Zhang K, Tang K, Han JDJ, Jing N. Transcriptome analysis reveals determinant stages controlling human embryonic stem cell commitment to neuronal cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19590-19604. [PMID: 28972157 PMCID: PMC5712601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.796383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper neural commitment is essential for ensuring the appropriate development of the human brain and for preventing neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and intellectual disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural commitment in humans remain elusive. Here, we report the establishment of a neural differentiation system based on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and on comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis of transcriptome dynamics during early hESC differentiation. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we reveal that the hESC neurodevelopmental trajectory has five stages: pluripotency (day 0); differentiation initiation (days 2, 4, and 6); neural commitment (days 8-10); neural progenitor cell proliferation (days 12, 14, and 16); and neuronal differentiation (days 18, 20, and 22). These stages were characterized by unique module genes, which may recapitulate the early human cortical development. Moreover, a comparison of our RNA-sequencing data with several other transcriptome profiling datasets from mice and humans indicated that Module 3 associated with the day 8-10 stage is a critical window of fate switch from the pluripotency to the neural lineage. Interestingly, at this stage, no key extrinsic signals were activated. In contrast, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockouts, we also found that intrinsic hub transcription factors, including the schizophrenia-associated SIX3 gene and septo-optic dysplasia-related HESX1 gene, are required to program hESC neural determination. Our results improve the understanding of the mechanism of neural commitment in the human brain and may help elucidate the etiology of human mental disorders and advance therapies for managing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
| | - Ran Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
| | - Nan Qiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031
| | - Guangdun Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
| | - Ke Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
| | - Ke Tang
- the Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, and
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031
| | - Naihe Jing
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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Chen F, Zhang C, Wu H, Ma Y, Luo X, Gong X, Jiang F, Gui Y, Zhang H, Lu F. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF FBXL14 complex stimulates neuronal differentiation by targeting the Notch signaling factor HES1 for proteolysis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20100-20112. [PMID: 29070679 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular oscillators are important cellular regulators of, for example, circadian clocks, oscillations of immune regulators, and short-period (ultradian) rhythms during embryonic development. The Notch signaling factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) is a well-known repressor of proneural genes, and HES1 ultradian oscillation is essential for keeping cells in an efficiently proliferating progenitor state. HES1 oscillation is driven by both transcriptional self-repression and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting HES1 for proteolysis remains unclear. Based on siRNA-mediated gene silencing screening, co-immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assays, we discovered that the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFFBXL14 complex regulates HES1 ubiquitination and proteolysis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases RBX1 or CUL1 increased HES1 protein levels, prolonged its half-life, and dampened its oscillation. FBXL14, an F-box protein for SCF ubiquitin ligase, associates with HES1. FBXL14 silencing stabilized HES1, whereas FBXL14 overexpression decreased HES1 protein levels. Of note, the SCFFBXL14 complex promoted the ubiquitination of HES1 in vivo, and a conserved WRPW motif in HES1 was essential for HES1 binding to FBXL14 and for ubiquitin-dependent HES1 degradation. HES1 knockdown promoted neuronal differentiation, but FBXL14 silencing inhibited neuronal differentiation induced by HES1 ablation in mES and F9 cells. Our results suggest that SCFFBXL14 promotes neuronal differentiation by targeting HES1 for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and that the C-terminal WRPW motif in HES1 is required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154
| | - Haonan Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xinqi Gong
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154.
| | - Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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20
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Cervino AS, Paz DA, Frontera JL. Neuronal degeneration and regeneration induced by axotomy in the olfactory epithelium of Xenopus laevis. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1308-1320. [PMID: 28719101 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) has the remarkable capability to constantly replace olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) due to the presence of neural stem cells (NSCs). For this reason, the OE provides an excellent model to study neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. In the present work, we induced neuronal degeneration in the OE of Xenopus laevis larvae by bilateral axotomy of the olfactory nerves. We found that axotomy induces specific- neuronal death through apoptosis between 24 and 48h post-injury. In concordance, there was a progressive decrease of the mature-ORN marker OMP until it was completely absent 72h post-injury. On the other hand, neurogenesis was evident 48h post-injury by an increase in the number of proliferating basal cells as well as NCAM-180- GAP-43+ immature neurons. Mature ORNs were replenished 21 days post-injury and the olfactory function was partially recovered, indicating that new ORNs were integrated into the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Throughout the regenerative process no changes in the expression pattern of the neurotrophin Brain Derivate Neurotrophic Factor were observed. Taken together, this work provides a sequential analysis of the neurodegenerative and subsequent regenerative processes that take place in the OE following axotomy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1308-1320, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailen S Cervino
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante A Paz
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena L Frontera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Zhang Z, Lei A, Xu L, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Yang X, Zhang M, Cao Y. Similarity in gene-regulatory networks suggests that cancer cells share characteristics of embryonic neural cells. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are immature cells resulting from cellular reprogramming by gene misregulation, and redifferentiation is expected to reduce malignancy. It is unclear, however, whether cancer cells can undergo terminal differentiation. Here, we show that inhibition of the epigenetic modification enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), histone deacetylases 1 and 3 (HDAC1 and -3), lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1), or DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which all promote cancer development and progression, leads to postmitotic neuron-like differentiation with loss of malignant features in distinct solid cancer cell lines. The regulatory effect of these enzymes in neuronal differentiation resided in their intrinsic activity in embryonic neural precursor/progenitor cells. We further found that a major part of pan-cancer-promoting genes and the signal transducers of the pan-cancer-promoting signaling pathways, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mesenchymal marker genes, display neural specific expression during embryonic neurulation. In contrast, many tumor suppressor genes, including the EMT epithelial marker gene that encodes cadherin 1 (CDH1), exhibited non-neural or no expression. This correlation indicated that cancer cells and embryonic neural cells share a regulatory network, mediating both tumorigenesis and neural development. This observed similarity in regulatory mechanisms suggests that cancer cells might share characteristics of embryonic neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Liyang Xu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuena Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China.
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22
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Xu Y, Pang W, Lu J, Shan A, Zhang Y. Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13 Contributes to Neurogenesis via Stabilizing the Mucin-type O-Glycoprotein Podoplanin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23477-23488. [PMID: 27629416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by an evolutionarily conserved family of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts). Previously, it was reported that ppGalNAc-T13 is restrictively expressed at a high level in the brain. Here we provide evidence for the critical role of ppGalNAc-T13 in neural differentiation. In detail, we show that the expression of ppGalNAc-T13 was dramatically up-regulated during early neurogenesis in mouse embryonic brains. Similar changes were also observed in cell models of neuronal differentiation by using either primary mouse cortical neural precursor cells or murine embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. Knockout of ppGalNAc-T13 in P19 cells suppressed not only neural induction but also neuronal differentiation. These effects are at least partly mediated by the mucin-type O-glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN), as knockdown of PDPN led to a similar inhibition of neuronal differentiation and PDPN was significantly reduced at the posttranscriptional level after ppGalNAc-T13 knockout. Further data demonstrate that PDPN acts as a substrate of ppGalNAc-T13 and that the ppGalNAc-T13-mediated O-glycosylation on PDPN is important for its stability. Taken together, this study suggests that ppGalNAc-T13 contributes to neuronal differentiation through glycosylating and stabilizing PDPN, which provides insights into the regulatory roles of O-glycosylation in mammalian neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Xu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjie Pang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jishun Lu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aidong Shan
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Zheng D, Sabbagh JJ, Blair LJ, Darling AL, Wen X, Dickey CA. MicroRNA-511 Binds to FKBP5 mRNA, Which Encodes a Chaperone Protein, and Regulates Neuronal Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17897-906. [PMID: 27334923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene increase the expression of the FKBP51 protein and have been associated with increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, levels of FKBP51 are increased with aging and in Alzheimer disease, potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis. However, aside from its glucocorticoid responsiveness, little is known about what regulates FKBP5 In recent years, non-coding RNAs, and in particular microRNAs, have been shown to modulate disease-related genes and processes. The current study sought to investigate which miRNAs could target and functionally regulate FKBP5 Following in silico data mining and initial target expression validation, miR-511 was found to suppress FKBP5 mRNA and protein levels. Using luciferase p-miR-Report constructs and RNA pulldown assays, we confirmed that miR-511 bound directly to the 3'-UTR of FKBP5, validating the predicted gene-microRNA interaction. miR-511 suppressed glucocorticoid-induced up-regulation of FKBP51 in cells and primary neurons, demonstrating functional, disease-relevant control of the protein. Consistent with a regulator of FKBP5, miR-511 expression in the mouse brain decreased with age but increased following chronic glucocorticoid treatment. Analysis of the predicted target genes of miR-511 revealed that neurogenesis, neuronal development, and neuronal differentiation were likely controlled by these genes. Accordingly, miR-511 increased neuronal differentiation in cells and enhanced neuronal development in primary neurons. Collectively, these findings show that miR-511 is a functional regulator of FKBP5 and can contribute to neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zheng
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Jonathan J Sabbagh
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Laura J Blair
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - April L Darling
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Xiaoqi Wen
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Chad A Dickey
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
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24
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Wakabayashi T, Hidaka R, Fujimaki S, Asashima M, Kuwabara T. Diabetes Impairs Wnt3 Protein-induced Neurogenesis in Olfactory Bulbs via Glutamate Transporter 1 Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15196-211. [PMID: 27226528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with impaired cognitive function. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibit a loss of neurogenesis and deficits in behavioral tasks involving spatial learning and memory; thus, impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to diabetes-associated cognitive deficits. Recent studies have demonstrated that adult neurogenesis generally occurs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the subventricular zone, and the olfactory bulbs (OB) and is defective in patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that OB neurogenesis and associated behaviors would be affected in diabetes. In this study, we show that inhibition of Wnt3-induced neurogenesis in the OB causes several behavioral deficits in STZ-induced diabetic rats, including impaired odor discrimination, cognitive dysfunction, and increased anxiety. Notably, the sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporters and excitatory amino acid transporters that localize to GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals decreased in the OB of diabetic rats. Moreover, GAT1 inhibitor administration also hindered Wnt3-induced neurogenesis in vitro Collectively, these data suggest that STZ-induced diabetes adversely affects OB neurogenesis via GABA and glutamate transporter systems, leading to functional impairments in olfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Wakabayashi
- From the Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 and
| | - Ryo Hidaka
- From the Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 and
| | - Shin Fujimaki
- From the Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 and Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- From the Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 and
| | - Tomoko Kuwabara
- From the Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 and
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25
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McQuade LR, Balachandran A, Scott HA, Khaira S, Baker MS, Schmidt U. Proteomics of Huntington's disease-affected human embryonic stem cells reveals an evolving pathology involving mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5648-59. [PMID: 25316320 DOI: 10.1021/pr500649m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin gene, where excessive (≥ 36) CAG repeats encode for glutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. Research using mouse models and human pathological material has indicated dysfunctions in a myriad of systems, including mitochondrial and ubiquitin/proteasome complexes, cytoskeletal transport, signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Here, we examined the earliest biochemical and pathways involved in HD pathology. We conducted a proteomics study combined with immunocytochemical analysis of undifferentiated HD-affected and unaffected human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Analysis of 1883 identifications derived from membrane and cytosolic enriched fractions revealed mitochondria as the primary dysfunctional organ in HD-affected pluripotent cells in the absence of significant differences in huntingtin protein. Furthermore, on the basis of analysis of 645 proteins found in neurodifferentiated hESC, we show a shift to transcriptional dysregulation and cytoskeletal abnormalities as the primary pathologies in HD-affected cells differentiating along neural lineages in vitro. We also show this is concomitant with an up-regulation in expression of huntingtin protein in HD-affected cells. This study demonstrates the utility of a model that recapitulates HD pathology and offers insights into disease initiation, etiology, progression, and potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon R McQuade
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, §Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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26
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Vanacker J, Viswanath A, De Berdt P, Everard A, Cani PD, Bouzin C, Feron O, Diogenes A, Leprince JG, des Rieux A. Hypoxia modulates the differentiation potential of stem cells of the apical papilla. J Endod 2014; 40:1410-8. [PMID: 25146023 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are a population of mesenchymal stem cells likely involved in regenerative endodontic procedures and have potential use as therapeutic agents in other tissues. In these situations, SCAP are exposed to hypoxic conditions either within a root canal devoid of an adequate blood supply or in a scaffold material immediately after implantation. However, the effect of hypoxia on SCAP proliferation and differentiation is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the fate of SCAP. METHODS SCAP were cultured under normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) in basal or differentiation media. Cellular proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, and protein secretion were analyzed by live imaging, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, cellular staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Hypoxia had no effect on SCAP proliferation, but it evoked the up-regulation of genes specific for osteogenic differentiation (runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, and transforming growth factor-β1), neuronal differentiation ( 2'-3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase, SNAIL, neuronspecific enolase, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3), and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A and B). Hypoxia also increased the sustained production of VEGFa by SCAP. Moreover, hypoxia augmented the neuronal differentiation of SCAP in the presence of differentiation exogenous factors as detected by the up-regulation of NSE, VEGFB, and GDNF and the expression of neuronal markers (PanF and NeuN). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that hypoxia induces spontaneous differentiation of SCAP into osteogenic and neurogenic lineages while maintaining the release of the proangiogenic factor VEGFa. This highlights the potential of SCAP to promote pulp-dentin regeneration. Moreover, SCAP may represent potential therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative conditions because of their robust differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vanacker
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Aiswarya Viswanath
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Julian G Leprince
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Slotkin TA, Card J, Seidler FJ. Adverse benzo[a]pyrene effects on neurodifferentiation are altered by other neurotoxicant coexposures: interactions with dexamethasone, chlorpyrifos, or nicotine in PC12 cells. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:825-31. [PMID: 23603068 PMCID: PMC3702011 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are suspected developmental neurotoxicants, but human exposures typically occur in combination with other neurotoxic contaminants. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We explored the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on neurodifferentiation in PC12 cells, in combination with a glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, used in preterm labor), an organophosphate pesticide (chlorpyrifos), or nicotine. RESULTS In cells treated with BaP alone, the transition from cell division to neurodifferentiation was suppressed, resulting in increased cell numbers at the expense of cell growth, neurite formation, and development of dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes. Dexamethasone enhanced the effect of BaP on cell numbers and altered the impact on neurotransmitter phenotypes. Whereas BaP alone shifted differentiation away from the cholinergic phenotype and toward the dopaminergic phenotype, the addition of dexamethasone along with BaP did the opposite. Chlorpyrifos coexposure augmented BaP inhibition of cell growth and enhanced the BaP-induced shift in phenotype toward a higher proportion of dopaminergic cells. Nicotine had no effect on BaP-induced changes in cell number or growth, but it synergistically enhanced the BaP suppression of differentiation into both dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes equally. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that, although BaP can act directly as a developmental neurotoxicant, its impact is greatly modified by coexposure to other commonly encountered neurotoxicants from prenatal drug therapy, pesticides, or tobacco. Accordingly, neurodevelopmental effects attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be quite different depending on which other agents are present and on their concentrations relative to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 , USA
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Li Y, Martin BR, Cravatt BF, Hofmann SL. DHHC5 protein palmitoylates flotillin-2 and is rapidly degraded on induction of neuronal differentiation in cultured cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:523-530. [PMID: 22081607 PMCID: PMC3249106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational palmitoylation of intracellular proteins is mediated by protein palmitoyltransferases belonging to the DHHC family, which share a common catalytic Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) motif. Several members have been implicated in neuronal development, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. We previously observed that mice homozygous for a hypomorphic allele of the ZDHHC5 gene are impaired in context-dependent learning and memory. To identify potentially relevant protein substrates of DHHC5, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of stable isotope-labeled neuronal stem cell cultures from forebrains of normal and DHHC5-GT (gene-trapped) mice using the bioorthogonal palmitate analog 17-octadecynoic acid. We identified ∼300 17-octadecynoic acid-modified and hydroxylamine-sensitive proteins, of which a subset was decreased in abundance in DHHC5-GT cells. Palmitoylation and oligomerization of one of these proteins (flotillin-2) was abolished in DHHC5-GT neuronal stem cells. In COS-1 cells, overexpression of DHHC5 markedly stimulated the palmitoylation of flotillin-2, strongly suggesting a direct enzyme-substrate relationship. Serendipitously, we found that down-regulation of DHHC5 was triggered within minutes following growth factor withdrawal from normal neural stem cells, a maneuver that is used to induce neural differentiation in culture. The effect was reversible for up to 4 h, and degradation was partially prevented by inhibitors of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These findings suggest that protein palmitoylation can be regulated through changes in DHHC PAT levels in response to differentiation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8593
| | - Brent R Martin
- Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sandra L Hofmann
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8593.
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Green MF, Scott JW, Steel R, Oakhill JS, Kemp BE, Means AR. Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta is regulated by multisite phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28066-79. [PMID: 21669867 PMCID: PMC3151052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.251504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) is a serine/threonine-directed kinase that is activated following increases in intracellular Ca(2+). CaMKKβ activates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, and the AMP-dependent protein kinase in a number of physiological pathways, including learning and memory formation, neuronal differentiation, and regulation of energy balance. Here, we report the novel regulation of CaMKKβ activity by multisite phosphorylation. We identify three phosphorylation sites in the N terminus of CaMKKβ, which regulate its Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent autonomous activity. We then identify the kinases responsible for these phosphorylations as cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In addition to regulation of autonomous activity, we find that phosphorylation of CaMKKβ regulates its half-life. We find that cellular levels of CaMKKβ correlate with CDK5 activity and are regulated developmentally in neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that appropriate phosphorylation of CaMKKβ is critical for its role in neurite development. These results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for CaMKKβ-dependent signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and
| | - John W. Scott
- the Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Rohan Steel
- the Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- the Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Bruce E. Kemp
- the Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Means
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and
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Abstract
Myelin formation is a multistep process that is controlled by a number of different extracellular factors. During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that start to enwrap axons with myelin membrane sheaths after receiving the appropriate signal(s) from the axon or its microenvironment. The signals required to initiate this process are unknown. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes secrete small membrane vesicles, exosome-like vesicles, into the extracellular space that inhibit both the morphological differentiation of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation. The inhibitory effects of exosome-like vesicles were prevented by treatment with inhibitors of actomyosin contractility. Importantly, secretion of exosome-like vesicles from oligodendrocytes was dramatically reduced when cells were incubated by conditioned neuronal medium. In conclusion, our results provide new evidence for small and diffusible oligodendroglial-derived vesicular carriers within the extracellular space that have inhibitory properties on cellular growth. We propose that neurons control the secretion of autoinhibitory oligodendroglial-derived exosomes to coordinate myelin membrane biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- From the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany and
| | - Christine Winter
- From the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany and
- the Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- From the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany and
- the Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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