51
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Gutting T, Hauber V, Pahl J, Klapproth K, Wu W, Dobrota I, Herweck F, Reichling J, Helm L, Schroeder T, Li B, Weidner P, Zhan T, Eckardt M, Betge J, Belle S, Sticht C, Gaiser T, Boutros M, Ebert MP, Cerwenka A, Burgermeister E. PPARγ induces PD-L1 expression in MSS+ colorectal cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1906500. [PMID: 34026331 PMCID: PMC8115557 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1906500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a small subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients benefits from immunotherapies, comprising blocking antibodies (Abs) against checkpoint receptor "programmed-cell-death-1" (PD1) and its ligand (PD-L1), because most cases lack the required mutational burden and neo-antigen load caused by microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or an inflamed, immune cell-infiltrated PD-L1+ tumor microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARγ), a metabolic transcription factor stimulated by anti-diabetic drugs, has been previously implicated in pre/clinical responses to immunotherapy. We therefore raised the hypothesis that PPARγ induces PD-L1 on microsatellite stable (MSS) tumor cells to enhance Ab-target engagement and responsiveness to PD-L1 blockage. We found that PPARγ-agonists upregulate PD-L1 mRNA/protein expression in human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and MSS+ patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs). Mechanistically, PPARγ bound to and activated DNA-motifs similar to cognate PPARγ-responsive-elements (PPREs) in the proximal -2 kb promoter of the human PD-L1 gene. PPARγ-agonist reduced proliferation and viability of tumor cells in co-cultures with PD-L1 blocking Ab and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) derived from the peripheral blood of CRC patients or healthy donors. Thus, metabolic modifiers improved the antitumoral response of immune checkpoint Ab, proposing novel therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gutting
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Veronika Hauber
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kay Klapproth
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wenyue Wu
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ioana Dobrota
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Herweck
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane Reichling
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura Helm
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Schroeder
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beifang Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Weidner
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Eckardt
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Betge
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and Preclinical Models (B440), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Belle
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P.A. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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52
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Brown JR, Krane S, Garcia J, Barata PC. Outlook into the future of front-line immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211004797. [PMID: 33948120 PMCID: PMC8053833 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211004797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition has been approved for front-line treatment of metastatic bladder cancer in patients who are cisplatin-ineligible and demonstrate programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity. This approval followed the positive results of IMvigor210 and KEYNOTE-052 studies. Immunotherapy has also demonstrated efficacy as maintenance therapy patients for patients who initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy. Other studies have investigated combinations of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, combinations between immunotherapies, and immunotherapy with novel agents. Although these combinations have demonstrated promise, further investigation is necessary to optimize the patients who would benefit from these approaches. Biomarkers beyond PD-L1 scoring can help predict response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition and will be integral to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Brown
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Spencer Krane
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jorge Garcia
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA
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53
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Sanchez DJ, Missiaen R, Skuli N, Steger DJ, Simon MC. Cell-Intrinsic Tumorigenic Functions of PPARγ in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:598-611. [PMID: 33431608 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of PPAR gamma (PPARγ) has been well characterized in the developmental process of adipogenesis, yet its aberrant expression patterns and functions in cancer subtypes are less understood. Although PPARγ has been recently demonstrated to play non-cell-autonomous roles in promoting bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) progression, underlying mechanisms of the cell-intrinsic oncogenic activity remain unknown. Here, we report robust expression and nuclear accumulation of PPARγ in 47% of samples of patients with UC, exceeding mRNA expression patterns published by The Cancer Genome Atlas. In vitro assays revealed for the first time that treatment of UC cells with PPARγ inverse agonist or PPARG knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 reduces proliferation, migration, and invasion of multiple established UC cell lines, most strongly in those characterized by PPARG genomic amplification or activating mutations of RXRA, the obligate heterodimer of PPARγ. Through genome-wide approaches including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing, we define a novel set of PPARγ-regulated genes in UC, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). Similar to PPARγ, genetic inhibition of SHH reduces proliferation and motility. Finally, we demonstrate the PPARγ dependency of UC tumors in vivo by genetic and pharmacologic PPARγ inhibition in subcutaneous xenografts. Collectively, our data indicate that PPARγ promotes UC progression in a subset of patients, at least in part, through cell-autonomous mechanisms linked to SHH signaling. IMPLICATIONS: Genome-wide analysis of DNA-binding sites for oncogenic factor PPARγ revealed SHH as a novel downstream target involved in UC progression, providing important insight into the tumorigenic nature and molecular mechanism of PPARγ signaling in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Sanchez
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rindert Missiaen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Steger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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54
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Dai S, Zhou P, Luo W, Wang Z, Chen X, Cheng P, Zheng G, Ren J, Yang X, Li W. Molecular characteristics of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma based on integrated genomic analyses. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:6. [PMID: 33414372 PMCID: PMC7791019 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (pLELC) is a rare non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype. Clinical features have been described in our previous report, but molecular characteristics remain unclear. Herein, pLELC genomic features were explored. Among 41,574 lung cancers, 128 pLELCs and 162 non-pLELC NSCLCs were enrolled. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and protein 53 (p53) expression was detected in 47 surgically resected pLELC samples by immunohistochemical assays. Multiomics genomic analyses, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) integration analyses, were performed on eight frozen pLELC tissues and compared with 50 lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) and 50 lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSCs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and another 26 EBV-positive nasopharynx cancers (EBV+-NPCs). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of pLELC patients were better than those of non-pLELC patients. High PD-L1 or p53 expression was associated with extended disease-free survival (DFS). pLELC had 14 frequently mutated genes (FMGs). Somatically mutated genes and enrichment of genetic lesions were found, which differed from observations in LUAD, LUSC, and EBV+-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Three tumor-associated genes, zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16 (ZBTB16), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), were downregulated with copy number variation (CNV) loss. EBV was prone to integrating into intergenic and intronic regions with two upregulated miR-BamH1-A rightward transcripts (BARTs), BART5-3P and BART20-3P. Our findings reveal that pLELC has a distinct genomic signature. Three tumor-associated genes with CNV loss and two miR-BARTs might be involved in pLELC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Novogene Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xuping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangyuan Central Hospital, No. 16, Jing Jia Alley, Lizhou District, Guangyuan,, 628099, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Jing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.
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55
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Vandekerkhove G, Lavoie JM, Annala M, Murtha AJ, Sundahl N, Walz S, Sano T, Taavitsainen S, Ritch E, Fazli L, Hurtado-Coll A, Wang G, Nykter M, Black PC, Todenhöfer T, Ost P, Gibb EA, Chi KN, Eigl BJ, Wyatt AW. Plasma ctDNA is a tumor tissue surrogate and enables clinical-genomic stratification of metastatic bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:184. [PMID: 33420073 PMCID: PMC7794518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular stratification can improve the management of advanced cancers, but requires relevant tumor samples. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is poised to benefit given a recent expansion of treatment options and its high genomic heterogeneity. We profile minimally-invasive plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples from 104 mUC patients, and compare to same-patient tumor tissue obtained during invasive surgery. Patient ctDNA abundance is independently prognostic for overall survival in patients initiating first-line systemic therapy. Importantly, ctDNA analysis reproduces the somatic driver genome as described from tissue-based cohorts. Furthermore, mutation concordance between ctDNA and matched tumor tissue is 83.4%, enabling benchmarking of proposed clinical biomarkers. While 90% of mutations are identified across serial ctDNA samples, concordance for serial tumor tissue is significantly lower. Overall, our exploratory analysis demonstrates that genomic profiling of ctDNA in mUC is reliable and practical, and mitigates against disease undersampling inherent to studying archival primary tumor foci. We urge the incorporation of cell-free DNA profiling into molecularly-guided clinical trials for mUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Vandekerkhove
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Matti Annala
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew J Murtha
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nora Sundahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elie Ritch
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Studienpraxis Urologie, Nuertingen, Germany
- Medical School, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Decipher Biosciences, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard J Eigl
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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56
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Hu J, Yu A, Othmane B, Qiu D, Li H, Li C, Liu P, Ren W, Chen M, Gong G, Guo X, Zhang H, Chen J, Zu X. Siglec15 shapes a non-inflamed tumor microenvironment and predicts the molecular subtype in bladder cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:3089-3108. [PMID: 33537076 PMCID: PMC7847675 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Siglec15 is an emerging target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. However, pan-cancer anti-Siglec15 treatment is not yet validated and the potential role of Siglec15 in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains elusive. Methods: We comprehensively evaluated the expression pattern and immunological role of Siglec15 using pan-cancer analysis based on RNA sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We then systematically correlated Siglec15 with immunological characteristics in the BLCA tumor microenvironment (TME), including immunomodulators, cancer immunity cycles, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), immune checkpoints, and T cell inflamed score. We also analyzed the role of Siglec15 in predicting the molecular subtype and the response to several treatment options in BLCA. Our results were validated in several public cohorts as well as our BLCA tumor microarray cohort, the Xiangya cohort. We developed an immune risk score (IRS), validated it, and tested its ability to predict the prognosis and response to cancer immunotherapy. Results: We found that Siglec15 was specifically overexpressed in the TME of various cancers. We hypothesize that Siglec15 designs a non-inflamed TME in BLCA based on the evidence that Siglec15 negatively correlated with immunomodulators, TIICs, cancer immunity cycles, immune checkpoints, and T cell inflamed score. Bladder cancer with high Siglec15 expression was not sensitive to cancer immunotherapy, but exhibited a higher incidence of hyperprogression. High Siglec15 levels indicated a luminal subtype of BLCA characterized by lower immune infiltration, lower response to cancer immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but higher response to anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted therapies such as blocking Siglec15, β-catenin, PPAR-γ, and FGFR3 pathways. Notably, a combination of anti-Siglec15 and cancer immunotherapy may be a more effective strategy than monotherapy. IRS can accurately predict the prognosis and response to cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: Anti-Siglec15 immunotherapy might be suitable for BLCA treatment as Siglec15 correlates with a non-inflamed TME in BLCA. Siglec15 could also predict the molecular subtype and the response to several treatment options.
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Sfakianos JP, Gul Z, Shariat SF, Matin SF, Daneshmand S, Plimack E, Lerner S, Roupret M, Pal S. Genetic Differences Between Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma: Implications for Therapy. Eur Urol Oncol 2020; 4:170-179. [PMID: 33386276 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have genetic differences, which may influence therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current review was to summarize the current genetic understanding of upper tract and BUC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science online databases were searched systematically up to February 2020, using the following keywords: urothelial carcinomas, upper urinary tract, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder cancer, and genetics. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS UTUC and BUC share mutations in similar genes, such as FGFR3, TP53, and HRAS, and epigenetic genes, such as KDM6A and KMT2A-C, but at varying frequencies. Furthermore, subtyping of UTUC and BUC has identified similar expression subtypes, but UTUC is more often luminal with more T-cell depletion. Clonal studies indicate that BUC after UTUC is also likely luminal, while UTUC after BUC is often basal. CONCLUSIONS UTUC and BUC share many genomic alterations, but at different frequencies, which recapitulate with their metachronous recurrences. These differences likely contribute to the behavior of these two cancers and imply that they and their metachronous recurrences should be treated as two related yet distinct entities. PATIENT SUMMARY Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder has distinct genomic features, which are different from distinct genomic features of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter. These features can be used for tailored treatment options specific to tumors of different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zeynep Gul
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Institute of Urology and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Seth Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Urology Department, GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Identification of a novel immune microenvironment signature predicting survival and therapeutic options for bladder cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2780-2802. [PMID: 33408272 PMCID: PMC7880321 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the potential of tumor immune microenvironment genes as indicators of urinary bladder cancer. Here, we sought to establish an immune-related gene signature for determining prognosis and treatment options. We developed a ten-gene tumor immune microenvironment signature and evaluated its prognostic capacity on internal and external cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression and nomogram analyses revealed the prognostic risk model as an independent and effective indicator of prognosis. We observed lower proportions of CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, higher proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in high UBC risk group. UBC tissues with high-risk score tend to exhibit high TP53 and RB1 mutation rates, high PD1/PD-L1 expression and poor-survival basal squamous subtypes, while those with low-risk score tend to have high FGFR3 mutation rates and luminal papillary subtypes. Unexpectedly, we found a highly significant positive correlation between glycolytic genes and risk score, highlighting metabolic competition in tumor ecosystem and potential therapeutic avenues. Our study thus revealed a tumor immune microenvironment signature for predicting prognostic and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors against bladder cancer. Prospective studies are required to further test the predictive capacity of this model.
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Differential Effects of Cancer-Associated Mutations Enriched in Helix H3 of PPARγ. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123580. [PMID: 33266062 PMCID: PMC7761077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been revealed to regulate tumor microenvironments. In particular, genetic alterations of PPARγ found in various cancers have been reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis by affecting PPARγ transactivation. In this study, we found that helix H3 of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) has a number of sites that are mutated in cancers. To uncover underlying molecular mechanisms between helix H3 mutations and tumorigenesis, we performed structure‒function studies on the PPARγ LBDs containing helix H3 mutations found in cancers. Interestingly, PPARγ Q286E found in bladder cancer induces a constitutively active conformation of PPARγ LBD and thus abnormal activation of PPARγ/RXRα pathway, which suggests tumorigenic roles of PPARγ in bladder cancer. In contrast, other helix H3 mutations found in various cancers impair ligand binding essential for transcriptional activity of PPARγ. These data indicate that cancer-associated mutations clustered in helix H3 of PPARγ LBD exhibit differential effects in PPARγ-mediated tumorigenesis and provide a basis for the development of new biomarkers targeting tumor microenvironments.
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Bao R, Stapor D, Luke JJ. Molecular correlates and therapeutic targets in T cell-inflamed versus non-T cell-inflamed tumors across cancer types. Genome Med 2020; 12:90. [PMID: 33106165 PMCID: PMC7590690 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment, characterized by CD8 T cells and type I/II interferon transcripts, is an important cancer immunotherapy biomarker. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) may also dictate response, and some oncogenes (i.e., WNT/β-catenin) are known to mediate immunosuppression. METHODS We performed an integrated multi-omic analysis of human cancer including 11,607 tumors across multiple databases and patients treated with anti-PD1. After adjusting for TMB, we correlated the T cell-inflamed gene expression signature with somatic mutations, transcriptional programs, and relevant proteome for different immune phenotypes, by tumor type and across cancers. RESULTS Strong correlations were noted between mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and non-T cell-inflamed tumors with examples including IDH1 and GNAQ as well as less well-known genes including KDM6A, CD11c, and genes with unknown functions. Conversely, we observe genes associating with the T cell-inflamed phenotype including VHL and PBRM1. Analyzing gene expression patterns, we identify oncogenic mediators of immune exclusion across cancer types (HIF1A and MYC) as well as novel examples in specific tumors such as sonic hedgehog signaling, hormone signaling and transcription factors. Using network analysis, somatic and transcriptomic events were integrated. In contrast to previous reports of individual tumor types such as melanoma, integrative pan-cancer analysis demonstrates that most non-T cell-inflamed tumors are influenced by multiple signaling pathways and that increasing numbers of co-activated pathways leads to more highly non-T cell-inflamed tumors. Validating these analyses, we observe highly consistent inverse relationships between pathway protein levels and the T cell-inflamed gene expression across cancers. Finally, we integrate available databases for drugs that might overcome or augment the identified mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results nominate molecular targets and drugs potentially available for further study and potential immediate translation into clinical trials for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Daniel Stapor
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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61
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Luo Y, Chen L, Zhou Q, Xiong Y, Wang G, Liu X, Xiao Y, Ju L, Wang X. Identification of a prognostic gene signature based on an immunogenomic landscape analysis of bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13370-13382. [PMID: 33048468 PMCID: PMC7701570 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immune plays a critical role in cancer progression. Tumour immunology and immunotherapy are one of the exciting areas in bladder cancer research. In this study, we aimed to develop an immune‐related gene signature to improve the prognostic prediction of bladder cancer. Firstly, we identified 392 differentially expressed immune‐related genes (IRGs) based on TCGA and ImmPort databases. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in inflammatory and immune‐related pathways, including in ‘regulation of signaling receptor activity’, ‘cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction’ and ‘GPCR ligand binding’. Then, we separated all samples in TCGA data set into the training cohort and the testing cohort in a ratio of 3:1 randomly. Data set GSE13507 was set as the validation cohort. We constructed a prognostic six‐IRG signature with LASSO Cox regression in the training cohort, including AHNAK, OAS1, APOBEC3H, SCG2, CTSE and KIR2DS4. Six IRGs reflected the microenvironment of bladder cancer, especially immune cell infiltration. The prognostic value of six‐IRG signature was further validated in the testing cohort and the validation cohort. The results of multivariable Cox regression and subgroup analysis revealed that six‐IRG signature was a clinically independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients. Further, we constructed a nomogram based on six‐IRG signature and other clinicopathological risk factors, and it performed well in predict patients' survival. Finally, we found six‐IRG signature showed significant difference in different molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. In conclusions, our research provided a novel immune‐related gene signature to estimate prognosis for patients' survival with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
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Assessment of prognostic implication of a panel of oncogenes in bladder cancer and identification of a 3-gene signature associated with recurrence and progression risk in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16641. [PMID: 33024200 PMCID: PMC7538919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the prognostic value of a panel of 29 oncogenes derived from the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA data) or from the recent literature on bladder tumors on a well-characterized series of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) samples and tried to identify molecular prognostic markers. Mutations of HRAS, FGFR3, PIK3CA and TERT were found in 2.9%, 27.2%, 14.9% and 76.7% of tumor samples, respectively. Concerning NMIBC, on multivariate analysis, RXRA and FGFR3 levels were associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.0069) and RXRA level was associated with progression to muscle-invasive disease (p = 0.0068). We identified a 3-gene molecular signature associated with NMIBC prognosis. FGFR3 overexpression was associated with reduced response to Bacillus Calmette–Guerin treatment (p = 0.037). As regards MIBC, on multivariate analysis, ERCC2 overexpression was associated with RFS (p = 0.0011) and E2F3 and EGFR overexpression were associated with overall survival (p = 0.014 and p = 0.035). RT-PCR findings were confirmed by IHC for FGFR3. Genomic alterations in MIBC revealed in TCGA data also concern NMIBC and seem to be associated with prognosis in terms of recurrence and progression. Correcting these alterations by targeted therapies seems a promising pharmacological approach.
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Koti M, Berman DM, Siemens DR, Lange D, Wang E, Toren P, Eigl BJ, Hardy C, Purves R, Fradet V, Fradet Y, Mansure J, Kassouf W, Black PC. Building a Canadian Translational Bladder Cancer Research Network. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 14:E475-E481. [PMID: 33275556 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer research has historically lagged behind efforts in other disease sites with substantial underfunding relative to the heavy morbidity and mortality suffered by patients. Alongside increasing advocacy however, more recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bladder cancer has ushered in a period of renaissance with exciting prospects for novel, precise diagnostics and therapeutics. Given significant and diverse assets within the research community across Canada, an inaugural translational research forum was convened to identify research gaps and strengths, and to formalize investigational themes that would be apposite for multi-institutional collaboration. The virtual meeting brought together a multi-disciplinary network of genitourinary cancer researchers, including clinicians and basic scientists, and entailed detailed environmental scans of the Canadian clinical and translational research landscape as well as selected “elevator pitches” of potential research themes. The results of these discussions are detailed herein and have provided the impetus to formalize the Canadian Bladder Cancer Research Network (CBCRN). Working groups have been created to focus future multi-institutional collaborations in four inter-related initiatives: biomarker development, epigenetic targeting, immuno-oncology and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Koti
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Paul Toren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Bernhard J Eigl
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Céline Hardy
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Fradet
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Mansure
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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64
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Yu S, Hu C, Liu L, Cai L, Du X, Yu Q, Lin F, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Li W. Comprehensive analysis and establishment of a prediction model of alternative splicing events reveal the prognostic predictor and immune microenvironment signatures in triple negative breast cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:286. [PMID: 32723333 PMCID: PMC7388537 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is widely concerning because of high malignancy and poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in the development of cancer and the formation of the tumour microenvironment. However, comprehensive analysis of AS signalling in TNBC is still lacking and urgently needed. Methods Transcriptome and clinical data of 169 TNBC tissues and 15 normal tissues were obtained and integrated from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and an overview of AS events was downloaded from the SpliceSeq database. Then, differential comparative analysis was performed to obtain cancer-associated AS events (CAAS). Metascape was used to perform parent gene enrichment analysis based on CAAS. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed to analyse the characteristics of immune infiltration in the microenvironment. A splicing network was established based on the correlation between CAAS events and splicing factors (SFs). We then constructed prediction models and assessed the accuracy of these models by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Furthermore, a nomogram was adopted to predict the individualized survival rate of TNBC patients. Results We identified 1194 cancer-associated AS events (CAAS) and evaluated the enrichment of 981 parent genes. The top 20 parent genes with significant differences were mostly related to cell adhesion, cell component connection and other pathways. Furthermore, immune-related pathways were also enriched. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in TNBC. The splicing network also suggested an obvious correlation between SFs expression and CAAS events in TNBC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the survival-related AS events were detected, including some significant participants in the carcinogenic process. A nomogram incorporating risk, AJCC and radiotherapy showed good calibration and moderate discrimination. Conclusion Our study revealed AS events related to tumorigenesis and the immune microenvironment, elaborated the potential correlation between SFs and CAAS, established a prognostic model based on survival-related AS events, and created a nomogram to better predict the individual survival rate of TNBC patients, which improved our understanding of the relationship between AS events and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luya Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Du
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongjie Yu
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinduo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Zhang YP, Bao ZW, Wu JB, Chen YH, Chen JR, Xie HY, Zhou L, Wu J, Zheng SS. Cancer-Testis Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Identification of Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820944274. [PMID: 32715976 PMCID: PMC7453447 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820944274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-testis genes can serve as prognostic biomarkers and valuable targets for immunotherapy in multiple tumors because of their restricted expression in testis and cancer. However, their expression pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma is still not well understood. The purpose is to comprehensively characterize the cancer-testis gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma as well as identify prognostic markers and potential targets for immunotherapy. METHODS Cancer-testis database and publicly available data sets reporting new cancer-testis genes were integrated, and then restricted them in a testis and hepatocellular carcinoma expression pattern. Pathway enrichment analysis and survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the biological function and prognostic effect of cancer-testis genes. Clustering analysis and coexpression analysis were performed to illustrate cancer-testis gene expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma. The association of gene expression of each cancer-testis gene to the corresponding methylation status was detected. Finally, we explored the associations between cancer-testis genes and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma by TISIDB, and then validated it in an independent hepatocellular carcinoma cohort with 72 patients. RESULTS A total of 59 testis-specific genes were identified highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that cancer-testis genes in hepatocellular carcinoma significantly involves in the process of cell cycle regulation. Most of the cancer-testis genes were coexpressed, and cluster analysis suggested that cancer-testis gene expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma is independent of sex, hepatitis status, and histology type. We also found that demethylation might be a regulatory mechanism of cancer-testis gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Survival analysis indicated that cancer-testis genes could predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, BUB1B was identified contributing to the resistance of CD8+ T-cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma and was an independent prognostic factor both for overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis enables better understanding of cancer-testis genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and provides potential targets for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Experimental and clinical studies are needed for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Peng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bang Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ru Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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66
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Peng T, Wang G, Cheng S, Xiong Y, Cao R, Qian K, Ju L, Wang X, Xiao Y. The role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3965-3975. [PMID: 32328200 PMCID: PMC7171493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Extensive studies have revealed the relationship between PPARγ and various tumors. However, the expression and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer seem to be controversial. It has been demonstrated that PPARγ affects the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism, probably through PPARγ-SIRT1 feedback loops, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Considering the frequent relapses after chemotherapy, some researchers have focused on the relationship between PPARγ and chemotherapy sensitivity in bladder cancer. Moreover, the feasibility of PPARγ ligands as potential therapeutic targets for bladder cancer has been uncovered. Taken together, this review summarizes the relevant literature and our findings to explore the complicated role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
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Pioglitazone Alters the Proteomes of Normal Bladder Epithelial Cells but Shows No Tumorigenic Effects. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:29-40. [PMID: 32252184 PMCID: PMC7136443 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938186.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pioglitazone, an antihyperglycemic drug, is widely used in diabetes mellitus patients with insulin resistance. Although pioglitazone is known to have a potential link to bladder cancer (BC), there have been contradictory results. This present study is designed to understand the regulatory mechanisms that drive the effects of pioglitazone on the bladder epithelial cells. METHODS Labeled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling characterized the global proteomes of normal human bladder epithelial cells treated with or without pioglitazone. RESULTS This approach detected approximately 5,769 proteins in total. Of those 5,769 proteins, 124 were identified as being differentially expressed due to pioglitazone treatment. Further analysis identified 95 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins (absolute log2 fold change >0.58 and P-value<0.05). The following functional gene enrichment analysis suggested that pioglitazone may be altering a few select biological processes, such as gene/chromatin silencing, by downregulating BMI1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog), a polycomb complex protein. Further cell-based assays showed that cell adhesion molecules, epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and major signaling pathways were significantly downregulated by pioglitazone treatment. CONCLUSION These experimental results revealed the proteomic and biological alterations that occur in normal bladder cells in response to pioglitazone. These findings provided a landscape how bladder proteome is influenced by pioglitazone, which suggests the potential adverse effects of diabetes drugs and their links to bladder dysfunctions.
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de Jong JJ, Boormans JL, van Rhijn BWG, Seiler R, Boorjian SA, Konety B, Bivalacqua TJ, Wheeler T, Svatek RS, Douglas J, Wright J, Dall'Era M, Crabb SJ, Efstathiou JA, van der Heijden MS, Mouw KW, Miyamoto DT, Lotan Y, Black PC, Gibb EA, Porten SP. Distribution of Molecular Subtypes in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Is Driven by Sex-specific Differences. Eur Urol Oncol 2020; 3:420-423. [PMID: 32205136 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a sex-biased cancer with a higher incidence in men but worse outcomes in women. The root cause behind these observations remains unclear. To investigate whether sex-specific tumor biology could explain the differences in clinical behavior of MIBC, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles from transurethral resected bladder tumors of 1000 patients. Female tumors expressed higher levels of basal- and immune-associated genes, while male tumors expressed higher levels of luminal markers. Using molecular subtyping, we found that the rates of the basal/squamous subtype were higher in females than in males. Males were enriched with tumors of the luminal papillary (LumP) and neuroendocrine-like subtypes. Male MIBC tumors had higher androgen response activity across all luminal subtypes and male patients with LumP tumors were younger. Taken together, these data confirm differences in molecular subtypes based on sex. The role of the androgen response pathway in explaining subtype differences between men and women should be studied further. PATIENT SUMMARY: We explored the sex-specific biology of bladder cancer in 1000 patients and found that women had more aggressive cancer with higher immune activity. Men tended toward less aggressive tumors that showed male hormone signaling, suggesting that male hormones may influence the type of bladder cancer that a patient develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep J de Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost L Boormans
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - James Douglas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc Dall'Era
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sima P Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Necchi A, Raggi D, Gallina A, Ross JS, Farè E, Giannatempo P, Marandino L, Colecchia M, Lucianò R, Bianchi M, Colombo R, Salonia A, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, Bandini M, Pederzoli F, Capitanio U, Montorsi F, de Jong JJ, Dittamore R, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Boormans JL, Briganti A, Black PC, Gibb EA. Impact of Molecular Subtyping and Immune Infiltration on Pathological Response and Outcome Following Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2020; 77:701-710. [PMID: 32165065 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PURE-01 study (NCT02736266) evaluated the use of pembrolizumab before radical cystectomy (RC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of molecular signatures to predict the pathological complete response (CR: ypT0N0) and progression-free survival (PFS) after pembrolizumab and RC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed the expression data from patients with T2-4aN0M0 MIBC enrolled in the PURE-01 study (N=84) and from patients of a retrospective multicenter cohort treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; N=140). INTERVENTION Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab or NAC and RC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Immune signatures and molecular subtyping (The Cancer Genome Atlas, consensus model, and genomic subtyping classifier [GSC]) were evaluated in relation to CR and PFS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for CR were used, adjusting for gender and clinical T stage. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The Immune190 signature was significant for CR on multivariable logistic regression analyses (p= 0.02) in PURE-01, but not in the NAC cohort (p= 0.7). Hallmark signatures for interferon gamma (IFNγ; p= 0.004) and IFNα response (p= 0.006) were also associated with CR for PURE-01, but not for NAC (IFNγ: p= 0.9 and IFNα: p= 0.8). In PURE-01, 93% of patients with the highest Immune190 scores (>1st quartile) had 2-yr PFS versus 79% of those with lower scores; no difference was observed in NAC patients, as well as for the other hallmarks in both groups. The neuroendocrine-like subtype had the worst 2-yr PFS in all three subtyping models (33%) and the GSC claudin-low subtype had the best, with no recurrences in 2 yr. Basal subtypes (across classifications) with higher Immune190 scores showed 100% 2-yr PFS after pembrolizumab therapy (p = 0.04, compared with basal-Immune190 low). Statistical analyses are limited by the small number of events and short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Higher RNA-based immune signature scores were significantly associated with CR and numerically improved PFS outcomes after pembrolizumab, but not after NAC. These data emphasize that RNA profiling is a potential tool for personalizing neoadjuvant therapy selection. PATIENT SUMMARY We used gene expression profiling to evaluate the association between immune gene expression and response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, compared with standard chemotherapy, in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We found a significant association between immune gene expression and response to pembrolizumab, but not chemotherapy. We conclude that gene expression profiling has the potential to guide personalized neoadjuvant therapy in MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Necchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Raggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA; Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Farè
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Marandino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bianchi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Colombo
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fossati
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Joep J de Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan Dittamore
- Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elai Davicioni
- Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joost L Boormans
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Baek SW, Jang IH, Kim SK, Nam JK, Leem SH, Chu IS. Transcriptional Profiling of Advanced Urothelial Cancer Predicts Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051850. [PMID: 32182655 PMCID: PMC7084828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations reported that some subtypes from the Lund or The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classifications were most responsive to PD-L1 inhibitor treatment. However, the association between previously reported subtypes and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy responsiveness has been insufficiently explored. Despite these contributions, the ability to predict the clinical applicability of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients remains a major challenge. Here, we aimed to re-classify distinct subtypes focusing on ICI responsiveness using gene expression profiling in the IMvigor 210 cohort (n = 298). Based on the hierarchical clustering analysis, we divided advanced urothelial cancer patients into three subgroups. To confirm a prognostic impact, we performed survival analysis and estimated the prognostic value in the IMvigor 210 and TCGA cohort. The activation of CD8+ T effector cells was common for patients of classes 2 and 3 in the TCGA and IMvigor 210 cohort. Survival analysis showed that patients of class 3 in the TCGA cohort had a poor prognosis, while patients of class 3 showed considerably prolonged survival in the IMvigor 210 cohort. One of the distinct characteristics of patients in class 3 is the inactivation of the TGFβ and YAP/TAZ pathways and activation of the cell cycle and DNA replication and DNA damage (DDR). Based on our identified transcriptional patterns and the clinical outcomes of advanced urothelial cancer patients, we constructed a schematic summary. When comparing clinical and transcriptome data, patients with downregulation of the TGFβ and YAP/TAZ pathways and upregulation of the cell cycle and DDR may be more responsive to ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Baek
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-W.B.); (I.-H.J.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - In-Hwan Jang
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-W.B.); (I.-H.J.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jong-Kil Nam
- Department of Urology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biochemical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-W.B.); (I.-H.J.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-879-8520
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71
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Ha X, Wang J, Chen K, Deng Y, Zhang X, Feng J, Li X, Zhu J, Ma Y, Qiu T, Wang C, Xie J, Zhang J. Free Fatty Acids Promote the Development of Prostate Cancer by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1355-1369. [PMID: 32158268 PMCID: PMC7048952 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As one of the most common forms of cancer that threatens men's health, prostate cancer (PCa) is under a trend of increasing morbidity and mortality in most countries. More and more studies have pointed out that obesity is closely linked to the occurrence and development of PCa, although there are still many undiscovered molecular mechanisms between the two. Methods In the present study, we compare serum lipid levels in patients with PCa and normal individuals. PCa cells (PC3 and 22RV1) were cultured in vitro, the TC/TG/HDL/GLU assay kit was used to detect the glucose and lipid metabolism level of PCa cells, the flow cytometry technique was used to detect the proliferation ability of PCa cells, and the Transwell was used to detect the invasion and migration ability of PCa cells. Western blot/quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and vimentin/vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression levels, and immunohistochemistry was used to observe tumor-associated gene expression levels in nude mice. All data were analysed using the Independent samples t-test or rank sum test. Results We found higher levels of FFA in the serum of patients with PCa. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that high levels of FFA can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of two PCa cells (PC3 and 22RV1) and affect the energy metabolism of PCa cells. The upregulated PPARγ plays a key role in this process, and vimentin may be involved in this signaling pathway. Conclusion We infer that high levels of FFA may promote PCa development by upregulating PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ha
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Qiu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
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72
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Competitive glucose metabolism as a target to boost bladder cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:77-106. [PMID: 31953517 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer - the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide - has a heterogeneous natural history and clinical behaviour. The predominant histological subtype, urothelial bladder carcinoma, is characterized by high recurrence rates, progression and both primary and acquired resistance to platinum-based therapy, which impose a considerable economic burden on health-care systems and have substantial effects on the quality of life and the overall outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The incidence of urothelial tumours is increasing owing to population growth and ageing, so novel therapeutic options are vital. Based on work by The Cancer Genome Atlas project, which has identified targetable vulnerabilities in bladder cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have arisen as an effective alternative for managing advanced disease. However, although ICIs have shown durable responses in a subset of patients with bladder cancer, the overall response rate is only ~15-25%, which increases the demand for biomarkers of response and therapeutic strategies that can overcome resistance to ICIs. In ICI non-responders, cancer cells use effective mechanisms to evade immune cell antitumour activity; the overlapping Warburg effect machinery of cancer and immune cells is a putative determinant of the immunosuppressive phenotype in bladder cancer. This energetic interplay between tumour and immune cells leads to metabolic competition in the tumour ecosystem, limiting nutrient availability and leading to microenvironmental acidosis, which hinders immune cell function. Thus, molecular hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism are potential therapeutic targets, not only to eliminate malignant cells but also to boost the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this sense, integrating the targeting of tumour metabolism into immunotherapy design seems a rational approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.
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73
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:275-290. [PMID: 34185299 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been well known as immunotherapy-responsive disease as intravesical therapy with BCG has been the standard of care for non-muscle invasive disease for several decades. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. However, only a small fraction of patients with bladder cancer can benefit from these therapies. As immunotherapies act on the tumor microenvironment, understanding it is essential to expand the efficacy of modern treatments. The bladder cancer microenvironment consists of various components including tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells, affecting each other via immune checkpoint molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. The development of an antitumor immune response depends on tumor antigen recognition by antigen presenting cells and priming and recruitment of effector T cells. Accumulated evidence shows that these processes are impacted by multiple types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid derived suppressor cells. In addition, recent advances in genomic profiling have shed light on the relationship between molecular subtypes and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, emerging evidence has shown that multiple factors can impact the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer, including tumor-oncogenic signaling, patient genetics, and the commensal microbiome.
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74
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Mrowka P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E. PPARγ Agonists in Combination Cancer Therapies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 20:197-215. [PMID: 31814555 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191209102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor acting as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. These unique properties constitute a strong therapeutic potential that place PPARγ agonists as one of the most interesting and widely studied anticancer molecules. Although PPARγ agonists exert significant, antiproliferative and tumoricidal activity in vitro, their anticancer efficacy in animal models is ambiguous, and their effectiveness in clinical trials in monotherapy is unsatisfactory. However, due to pleiotropic effects of PPARγ activation in normal and tumor cells, PPARγ ligands interact with many antitumor treatment modalities and synergistically potentiate their effectiveness. The most spectacular example is a combination of PPARγ ligands with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this setting, PPARγ activation sensitizes leukemic stem cells, resistant to any previous form of treatment, to targeted therapy. Thus, this combination is believed to be the first pharmacological therapy able to cure CML patients. Within the last decade, a significant body of data confirming the benefits of the addition of PPARγ ligands to various antitumor therapies, including chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, has been published. Although the majority of these studies have been carried out in vitro or animal tumor models, a few successful attempts to introduce PPARγ ligands into anticancer therapy in humans have been recently made. In this review, we aim to summarize shines and shadows of targeting PPARγ in antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Repression of transcription factor AP-2 alpha by PPARγ reveals a novel transcriptional circuit in basal-squamous bladder cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:69. [PMID: 31772149 PMCID: PMC6879593 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of bladder cancer transcriptional subtypes provides an opportunity to identify high risk patients, and tailor disease management. Recent studies suggest tumor heterogeneity contributes to regional differences in molecular subtype within the tumor, as well as during progression and following treatment. Nonetheless, the transcriptional drivers of the aggressive basal-squamous subtype remain unidentified. As PPARɣ has been repeatedly implicated in the luminal subtype of bladder cancer, we hypothesized inactivation of this transcriptional master regulator during progression results in increased expression of basal-squamous specific transcription factors (TFs) which act to drive aggressive behavior. We initiated a pharmacologic and RNA-seq-based screen to identify PPARɣ-repressed, basal-squamous specific TFs. Hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data following treatment of three human bladder cancer cells with a PPARɣ agonist identified a number of TFs regulated by PPARɣ activation, several of which are implicated in urothelial and squamous differentiation. One PPARɣ-repressed TF implicated in squamous differentiation identified is Transcription Factor Activating Protein 2 alpha (TFAP2A). We show TFAP2A and its paralog TFAP2C are overexpressed in basal-squamous bladder cancer and in squamous areas of cystectomy samples, and that overexpression is associated with increased lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence, respectively. Biochemical analysis confirmed the ability of PPARɣ activation to repress TFAP2A, while PPARɣ antagonist and PPARɣ siRNA knockdown studies indicate the requirement of a functional receptor. In vivo tissue recombination studies show TFAP2A and TFAP2C promote tumor growth in line with the aggressive nature of basal-squamous bladder cancer. Our findings suggest PPARɣ inactivation, as well as TFAP2A and TFAP2C overexpression cooperate with other TFs to promote the basal-squamous transition during tumor progression.
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Liu C, Tate T, Batourina E, Truschel ST, Potter S, Adam M, Xiang T, Picard M, Reiley M, Schneider K, Tamargo M, Lu C, Chen X, He J, Kim H, Mendelsohn CL. Pparg promotes differentiation and regulates mitochondrial gene expression in bladder epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4589. [PMID: 31597917 PMCID: PMC6785552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The urothelium is an epithelial barrier lining the bladder that protects against infection, fluid exchange and damage from toxins. The nuclear receptor Pparg promotes urothelial differentiation in vitro, and Pparg mutations are associated with bladder cancer. However, the function of Pparg in the healthy urothelium is unknown. Here we show that Pparg is critical in urothelial cells for mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular differentiation and regulation of inflammation in response to urinary tract infection (UTI). Superficial cells, which are critical for maintaining the urothelial barrier, fail to mature in Pparg mutants and basal cells undergo squamous-like differentiation. Pparg mutants display persistent inflammation after UTI, and Nf-KB, which is transiently activated in response to infection in the wild type urothelium, persists for months. Our observations suggest that in addition to its known roles in adipogegnesis and macrophage differentiation, that Pparg-dependent transcription plays a role in the urothelium controlling mitochondrial function development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tiffany Tate
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ekatherina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven T Truschel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tina Xiang
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maia Reiley
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Ascension/St. John Providence, 16001 West Nine Mile Road, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Kerry Schneider
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Manuel Tamargo
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Genetics, and Devlopment, Pathology and Cell Biology and CSCI, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Iakobishvili Z, Hasin T, Klempfner R, Shlomo N, Goldenberg I, Brenner R, Kornowski R, Gerber Y. Association of Bezafibrate Treatment With Reduced Risk of Cancer in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1171-1179. [PMID: 31272567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between bezafibrate, a drug used to treat hypertriglyceridemia, and long-term cancer incidence in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised 2980 patients with CAD (mean age, 60 years; 2729 [91.6%] men) who were free of cancer and were enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention study, a double-blind trial conducted between May 1, 1990, and January 31, 1993, in 18 cardiology departments in Israel. Patients randomized to receive 400 mg of bezafibrate (n=1486) or placebo (n=1494) daily for a median of 6.2 years (range, 4.7-7.6 years) were followed up for incidence of cancer through the Israeli National Cancer Registry and all-cause death through the Population Registry of the State of Israel until December 31, 2013. Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray survival models were used to assess the bezafibrate-cancer association. RESULTS Clinical characteristics and laboratory values were well balanced between the 2 groups at the study entry. Over a median follow-up of 22.5 years (range, 21.2-23.9 years), cancer developed in 753 patients. With death considered a competing event, the cumulative incidence of cancer at the end of the follow-up was lower in the bezafibrate vs the placebo group (23.9%; 95 CI, 21.9%-26.1% vs 27.2%; 95 CI, 25.1%-29.4%; P=.04). The hazard ratio for cancer in the bezafibrate vs placebo groups was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99). In mediation analysis, the association between bezafibrate treatment and cancer incidence was not sensitive to adjustment for on-trial lipid levels but was attenuated on adjustment for on-trial fibrinogen levels. CONCLUSION Bezafibrate treatment is associated with reduced risk of cancer among patients with CAD. Fibrinogen, but not lipid lowering, is linked to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaza Iakobishvili
- Department of Community Cardiology, Tel Aviv District, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tal Hasin
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Nir Shlomo
- Israel Association for Cardiovascular Trials, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ilan Goldenberg
- Olga and Lev Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Israel Association for Cardiovascular Trials, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Department of Oncology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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78
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Chang WH, Lai AG. The pan‐cancer mutational landscape of the PPAR pathway reveals universal patterns of dysregulated metabolism and interactions with tumor immunity and hypoxia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1448:65-82. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoong Chang
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Alvina G. Lai
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
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79
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Xue Y, Tong L, LiuAnwei Liu F, Liu A, Zeng S, Xiong Q, Yang Z, He X, Sun Y, Xu C. Tumor‑infiltrating M2 macrophages driven by specific genomic alterations are associated with prognosis in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:581-594. [PMID: 31233191 PMCID: PMC6610042 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment influences bladder cancer. CIBERSORT and ssGSEA analyses revealed that M2 macrophages accounted for the highest proportion from 22 subsets of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells and were enriched in higher histologic grade and higher pathologic stage bladder cancer and 'basal' subtype of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Kaplan‑Meier survival curve analysis indicated that patients with high numbers of infiltrating M2 macrophages had worse overall and disease‑specific survival rates. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry results indicated that M2 macrophages were enriched in MIBC and promoted angiogenesis. M2 macrophage infiltration was higher in bladder cancer tissues with mutant TP53, RB transcriptional corepressor 1, phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase catalytic subunit α, lysine methyltransferase 2A, lysine demethylase 6A and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic‑polypeptide‑like, but lower in tissues with mutant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), E74‑like ETS transcription factor 3, PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 and transmembrane and coiled‑coil domains 4. In addition, M2 macrophage infiltration was lower in the tissues with amplified FGFR3, erb‑b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, BCL2‑like 1, telomerase reverse transcriptase and tyrosine‑3‑monooxygenase/tryptophan‑5‑monooxygenase activation protein ζ, as well as in the tissues with deleted cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CREB binding protein, AT‑rich interaction domain 1A, fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase, phosphodiesterase 4D, RAD51 paralog B, nuclear receptor corepressor 1 and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D. Finally, seven micro (mi) RNAs (miR‑214‑5p, miR‑223‑3p, miR‑155‑5p, miR‑199a‑3p, miR‑199b‑3P, miR‑146b‑5p, miR‑142‑5p) which were expressed differentially in at least three mutant genes and were positively correlated with M2 macrophage infiltration as well as expressed highly in high grade bladder cancer were identified. Overall, the present study concluded that M2 macrophages are the predominant tumor‑infiltrating immune cell in bladder cancer and differentially expressed miRNAs due to cancer‑specific genomic alterations may be important drivers of M2 macrophage infiltration. These findings suggested that M2 macrophage infiltration may serve as a potential immunotherapy target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Xue
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Liping Tong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Fei LiuAnwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Anwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuxiong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xing He
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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80
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81
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Vlachostergios PJ, Faltas BM. Treatment resistance in urothelial carcinoma: an evolutionary perspective. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 15:495-509. [PMID: 29720713 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of treatment-resistant clones is a critical barrier to cure in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Setting the stage for the evolution of resistance, urothelial carcinoma is characterized by extensive mutational heterogeneity, which is detectable even in patients with early stage disease. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy both act as selective pressures that shape the evolutionary trajectory of urothelial carcinoma throughout the course of the disease. A detailed understanding of the dynamics of evolutionary drivers is required for the rational development of curative therapies. Herein, we describe the molecular basis of the clonal evolution of urothelial carcinomas and the use of genomic approaches to predict treatment responses. We discuss various mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy with a focus on the mutagenic effects of the DNA dC->dU-editing enzymes APOBEC3 family of proteins. We also review the evolutionary mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy, such as the loss of clonal tumour neoantigens. By dissecting treatment resistance through an evolutionary lens, the field will advance towards true precision medicine for urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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82
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Ren L, Konger RL. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ suppresses squamous carcinogenesis through anti-inflammatory signaling and regulation of the immune response. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1589-1601. [PMID: 31111568 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may represent a potential pharmacologic target in the prevention or treatment of skin cancer. In particular, recent reports suggest that PPARγ activation may exert at least some of its anti-neoplastic effects through the suppression of tumor promoting chronic inflammation as well as by strengthening antitumor immune responses. This activity is thought to occur through a distinct mode of ligand interaction with PPARγ that causes transrepression of transcription factors that are involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling. However, current thiazolidinedione (TZD)-type PPARγ agonists have significant safety concerns that limit their usefulness as a preventive or therapeutic option. Due to the relatively large ligand binding pocket of PPARγ, a diverse group of ligands can be seen to interact with distinct modes of binding to PPARγ, leading to the phenomenon of partial agonist activity and selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM). This has led to the development of ligands that are tailored to deliver desired pharmacologic activity, but lack some of the negative side effects associated with full agonists, such as the currently utilized TZD-type PPARγ agonists. In addition, there is evidence that a number of phytochemicals that are currently being touted as antineoplastic nutraceuticals also possess PPARγ activity that may partially explain their pharmacologic activity. We propose that one or more of these partial agonists, SPPARγMs, or putative phytochemical PPARγ ligands could presumably be used as a starting point to design more efficacious anti-neoplastic PPARγ ligands that lack adverse pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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83
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Nadal R, Bellmunt J. Management of metastatic bladder cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 76:10-21. [PMID: 31030123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Important advances in the understanding of the biology and mechanisms of tumor progression of urothelial carcinoma (UC) have been achieved over the past decade. The treatment landscape for advanced-stage, unresectable or metastatic UC has shifted dramatically over a short period of time, with 6 new therapeutic agents available for clinical use. The use of traditional chemotherapy and new immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) directed at programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand has led to unprecedented survival benefits in selected patients with metastatic UC. Data show that anti-PD-1 ICIs are not only improving long-term clinical benefit, but also quality of life for patients in the second-line setting. In the front-line setting, regulatory agencies have restricted the indications of atezolizumab and pembrolizumab (both ICIs) to patients with PD-L1positivity with advanced UC and who are platinum-ineligible. Very recently, erdafitinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, has been granted accelerated approval by FDA for platinum-pretreated advanced metastatic UC with susceptible FGFR3 or FGFR2 genetic alterations. Enfortumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate, have been granted breakthrough designation by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic UC. Here we review the clinical trial data that have established standard-of-care treatment for advanced-stage UC. In addition, mechanisms of resistance and biomarkers of response to platinum-based chemotherapies and immunotherapies are also discussed, along with the clinical benefits and limitations of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Nadal
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MD, USA.
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84
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Shi MJ, Meng XY, Wu QJ, Zhou XH. High CD3D/CD4 ratio predicts better survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2987-2995. [PMID: 31114346 PMCID: PMC6489580 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s191105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is a common malignancy that affects the human urinary tract. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is aggressive and has poor prognosis. Previous studies have reported that the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were associated with MIBC outcome; however, inconsistency remains and mRNA level TIL markers’ prognostic significance in MIBC is unclear. Materials and methods: In the present study, we reanalyzed data from four public datasets (the Cancer Genome Atlas for investigation; and CIT, GSE5287, and GSE31684 for validation) to examine the prognostic significance of CD3D, CD4, CD8A, CD3D/CD4 and CD3D/CD8A in MIBC. Results: We found that the CD3D/CD4 ratio was a stable independent prognostic factor in MIBC (beta = −0.87, P = 0.025); high CD3D/CD4 ratio predicted better survival in MIBC, and the power of this association was much stronger in basal-squamous tumors (beta = −4.73, P = 2.67E-06). We also noted that the CD4 expression was significantly higher than CD3D (P < 0.05), indicating the presence of CD3−CD4+ cells which could be immune-suppressing. Conclusion: The CD3D/CD4 ratio can be viewed as a prognostic marker and a rough measurement for the interaction between immune-effecting CD3+ TILs and immune-suppressing CD3−CD4+ cells in MIBC, and this interaction may play a particularly important role in anti-cancer immunity in basal-squamous tumors as it has a very strong association with survival in this subtype, and may be used to select potential responders to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Shi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France.,Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical Univeristy , Beijing, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ji Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Hui Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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85
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Cheng S, Qian K, Wang Y, Wang G, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. PPARγ inhibition regulates the cell cycle, proliferation and motility of bladder cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3724-3736. [PMID: 30912275 PMCID: PMC6484405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, inflammation and lipid and glucose homeostasis. Our results revealed that PPARγ was up-regulated in human bladder cancer (BCa) tissues both at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, down-regulation of PPARγ mRNA or inhibition of PPARγ function (using GW9662, antagonist of PPARγ) could significantly suppress the proliferation of BCa cells. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase was also induced by the down-regulated PPARγ possibly through AKT-mediated up-regulation of p21/p27, whereas no significant transformation of apoptosis was observed. In addition, knockdown or inhibition of PPARγ might reduce the invasion and migration of BCa cells by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins through AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that BCa cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by GW9662. In conclusion, our results indicated that PPARγ might be crucial for BCa tumorigenesis by interfering with the motility and viability of BCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yejinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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86
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Lv S, Wang W, Wang H, Zhu Y, Lei C. PPARγ activation serves as therapeutic strategy against bladder cancer via inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:204. [PMID: 30845932 PMCID: PMC6407222 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity in bladder cancer results in variable clinical outcomes, posing challenges for clinical management of this malignancy. Recent studies suggest both tumor suppressive and oncogenic role of PPARγ in bladder cancer. The fuction of PPARγ signaling pathway in modulating carcinogenesis is controversial. Methods The expression of PPARγ and association with overall survival were analyzed in patients from two cohorts. The effect of PPARγ activation on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were determined with the agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), the inverse agonist (T0070907), and the antagonist (GW9662) in Umuc-3 and 5637 bladder cancer cells. The correlation of PPARγ activation with PI3K-Akt pathway was evaluated with RNA sequencing data from the TCGA cases and 30 human bladder cancer cell lines. The effect of PPARγ activation on tumor growth was validated with subcutaneous tumor models in vivo. The effect of PPARγ activation on PI3K-Akt signaling transduction was determined with multiple assays including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, proteomic array, and western blotting. Results We showed that PPARγ was a favorable prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer. PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone markedly induced cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, which resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. The underlying mechanism involved marked inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusions This study reported the tumor-suppressive effect of PPARγ agonists in bladder cancer, suggesting that transactivation of PPARγ could be served as a potential strategy for the chemoprevention and therapeutic treatment of bladder cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5426-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yongtong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengyong Lei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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87
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Sjödahl G, Jackson CL, Bartlett JM, Siemens DR, Berman DM. Molecular profiling in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: more than the sum of its parts. J Pathol 2019; 247:563-573. [PMID: 30604486 DOI: 10.1002/path.5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancers are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Recent large-scale transcriptomic profiling studies focusing on life-threatening muscle-invasive cases have demonstrated a small number of molecularly distinct clusters that largely explain their heterogeneity. Similar to breast cancer, these clusters reflect intrinsic urothelial cell-type differentiation programs, including those with luminal and basal cell characteristics. Also like breast cancer, each cell-based subtype demonstrates a distinct profile with regard to its prognosis and its expression of therapeutic targets. Indeed, a number of studies suggest subtype-specific differential responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy and to therapies that inhibit a number of targets, including growth factors (EGFR, ERBB2, FGFR) and immune checkpoint (PD1, PDL1) inhibitors. Despite burgeoning evidence for important clinical implications, subtyping has yet to enter into routine clinical practice. Here we review the conceptual basis for intrinsic cell subtyping in muscle-invasive bladder cancer and discuss evidence behind proposed clinical uses for subtyping as a prognostic or predictive test. In deliberating barriers to clinical implementation, we review pitfalls associated with transcriptomic profiling and illustrate a simple immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based subtyping algorithm that may serve as a faster, less expensive alternative. Envisioned as a research tool that can easily be translated into routine pathology workflow, IHC-based profiling has the potential to more rapidly establish the utility (or lack thereof) of cell type profiling in clinical practice. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottfrid Sjödahl
- Division of Urological Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chelsea L Jackson
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Ms Bartlett
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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88
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Rochel N, Krucker C, Coutos-Thévenot L, Osz J, Zhang R, Guyon E, Zita W, Vanthong S, Hernandez OA, Bourguet M, Badawy KA, Dufour F, Peluso-Iltis C, Heckler-Beji S, Dejaegere A, Kamoun A, de Reyniès A, Neuzillet Y, Rebouissou S, Béraud C, Lang H, Massfelder T, Allory Y, Cianférani S, Stote RH, Radvanyi F, Bernard-Pierrot I. Recurrent activating mutations of PPARγ associated with luminal bladder tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:253. [PMID: 30651555 PMCID: PMC6335423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of PPARγ/RXRα transcriptional activity has emerged as a key event in luminal bladder tumors. It renders tumor cell growth PPARγ-dependent and modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor escape from immuno-surveillance. The activation of the pathway has been linked to PPARG gains/amplifications resulting in PPARγ overexpression and to recurrent activating point mutations of RXRα. Here, we report recurrent mutations of PPARγ that also activate the PPARγ/RXRα pathway, conferring PPARγ-dependency and supporting a crucial role of PPARγ in luminal bladder cancer. These mutations are found throughout the protein—including N-terminal, DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains—and most of them enhance protein activity. Structure-function studies of PPARγ variants with mutations in the ligand-binding domain allow identifying structural elements that underpin their gain-of-function. Our study reveals genomic alterations of PPARG that lead to pro-tumorigenic PPARγ/RXRα pathway activation in luminal bladder tumors and may open the way towards alternative options for treatment. Activation of the PPARγ/RXRα pathway in luminal bladder cancers has mainly been linked to PPARG gene amplifications and activating point mutations in RXRα. Here, the authors identify recurrent PPARγ mutations with similar effects and elucidate the structural basis for this mutational PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rochel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Clémentine Krucker
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laure Coutos-Thévenot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Judit Osz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elodie Guyon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wayne Zita
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverin Vanthong
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Oscar Alba Hernandez
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kays Al Badawy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Syrine Heckler-Beji
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aurélie Kamoun
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yann Neuzillet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162 "Génomique Fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides", 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire Béraud
- UROLEAD SAS, School of Medicine, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM UMRS1113, Section of Cell Signalization and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, School of Medicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Allory
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.
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89
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Hovelson DH, Udager AM, McDaniel AS, Grivas P, Palmbos P, Tamura S, Lazo de la Vega L, Palapattu G, Veeneman B, El-Sawy L, Sadis SE, Morgan TM, Montgomery JS, Weizer AZ, Day KC, Neamati N, Liebert M, Keller ET, Day ML, Mehra R, Tomlins SA. Targeted DNA and RNA Sequencing of Paired Urothelial and Squamous Bladder Cancers Reveals Discordant Genomic and Transcriptomic Events and Unique Therapeutic Implications. Eur Urol 2018; 74:741-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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90
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van Dijk N, Funt SA, Blank CU, Powles T, Rosenberg JE, van der Heijden MS. The Cancer Immunogram as a Framework for Personalized Immunotherapy in Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol 2018; 75:435-444. [PMID: 30274701 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The abysmal outlook of urothelial cancer (UC) has changed with the introduction of immunotherapy. Still, many patients do not respond and distinctive biomarkers are currently lacking. The rise of this novel armamentarium of immunotherapy treatments, in combination with the complex biology of an immunological tumor response, warrants the development of a comprehensive framework that can provide an overview of important immunological processes at play in individual patients. OBJECTIVE To develop a comprehensive framework based on tumor- and host-specific parameters to understand immunotherapy response in UC. This framework can inform rational, biology-driven clinical trials and ultimately guide us toward individualized patient treatment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review was conducted on UC immunotherapy, clinical trial data, and biomarkers of response to checkpoint inhibition. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Here, we propose a UC immunogram, based on currently available clinical and translational data. The UC immunogram describes several tumor- and host-specific parameters that are required for successful immunotherapy treatment. These seven parameters are tumor foreignness, immune cell infiltration, absence of inhibitory checkpoints, general performance and immune status, absence of soluble inhibitors, absence of inhibitory tumor metabolism, and tumor sensitivity to immune effectors. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal integration of individual patient parameters may ultimately lead to personalized and dynamic immunotherapy, to adjust to the Darwinian forces that drive tumor evolution. Incorporating multiparameter biomarkers into quantitative predictive models will be a key challenge to integrate the immunogram into daily clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY Here, we propose the urothelial cancer immunogram, a novel way of describing important immunological characteristics of urothelial cancer patients and their tumors. Seven characteristics determine the chance of having an immunological tumor response. Using this immunogram, we aim to better understand why some patients respond to immunotherapy and some do not, to ultimately improve anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Dijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Powles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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91
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Seiler R, Gibb EA, Wang NQ, Oo HZ, Lam HM, van Kessel KE, Voskuilen CS, Winters B, Erho N, Takhar MM, Douglas J, Vakar-Lopez F, Crabb SJ, van Rhijn BW, Fransen van de Putte EE, Zwarthoff EC, Thalmann GN, Davicioni E, Boormans JL, Dall'Era M, van der Heijden MS, Wright JL, Black PC. Divergent Biological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:5082-5093. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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92
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Trujillo JA, Sweis RF, Bao R, Luke JJ. T Cell-Inflamed versus Non-T Cell-Inflamed Tumors: A Conceptual Framework for Cancer Immunotherapy Drug Development and Combination Therapy Selection. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:990-1000. [PMID: 30181337 PMCID: PMC6145135 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as checkpoint-blocking antibodies and adoptive cell transfer are emerging as treatments for a growing number of cancers. Despite clinical activity of immunotherapies across a range of cancer types, the majority of patients fail to respond to these treatments and resistance mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Responses to immunotherapy preferentially occur in tumors with a preexisting antitumor T-cell response that can most robustly be measured via expression of dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell-associated genes. The tumor subset with high expression of this signature has been described as the T cell-"inflamed" phenotype. Segregating tumors by expression of the inflamed signature may help predict immunotherapy responsiveness. Understanding mechanisms of resistance in both the T cell-inflamed and noninflamed subsets of tumors will be critical in overcoming treatment failure and expanding the proportion of patients responding to current immunotherapies. To maximize the impact of immunotherapy drug development, pretreatment stratification of targets associated with either the T cell-inflamed or noninflamed tumor microenvironment should be employed. Similarly, biomarkers predictive of responsiveness to specific immunomodulatory therapies should guide therapy selection in a growing landscape of treatment options. Combination strategies may ultimately require converting non-T cell-inflamed tumors into T cell-inflamed tumors as a means to sensitize tumors to therapies dependent on T-cell killing. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 990-1000. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Trujillo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy F Sweis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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93
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Wu B, Sun X, Gupta HB, Yuan B, Li J, Ge F, Chiang HC, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Yang J, Hu Y, Curiel TJ, Li R. Adipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500107. [PMID: 30393583 PMCID: PMC6209395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) modulate antitumor immunity and are major targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, clinical trials of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in breast cancer demonstrate only modest efficacy. Furthermore, specific PD-L1 contributions in various tissue and cell compartments to antitumor immunity remain incompletely elucidated. Here we show that PD-L1 expression is markedly elevated in mature adipocytes versus preadipocytes. Adipocyte PD-L1 prevents anti-PD-L1 antibody from activating important antitumor functions of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Adipocyte PD-L1 ablation obliterates, whereas forced preadipocyte PD-L1 expression confers, these inhibitory effects. Pharmacologic inhibition of adipogenesis selectively reduces PD-L1 expression in mouse adipose tissue and enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies in syngeneic mammary tumor models. Our findings provide a previously unappreciated approach to bolster anticancer immunotherapy efficacy and suggest a mechanism for the role of adipose tissue in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiujie Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Harshita B. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Deyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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94
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Woolbright BL, Ayres M, Taylor JA. Metabolic changes in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:327-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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95
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Synergistic and low adverse effect cancer immunotherapy by immunogenic chemotherapy and locally expressed PD-L1 trap. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2237. [PMID: 29884866 PMCID: PMC5993831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great success has been obtained in the clinic, the current immune checkpoint inhibitors still face two challenging problems: low response rate and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Here we report the combination of immunogenic chemotherapy and locally expressed PD-L1 trap fusion protein for efficacious and safe cancer immunotherapy. We demonstrate that oxaliplatin (OxP) boosts anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy against murine colorectal cancer. By design of a PD-L1 trap and loading its coding plasmid DNA into a lipid-protamine-DNA nanoparticle, PD-L1 trap is produced transiently and locally in the tumor microenvironment, and synergizes with OxP for tumor inhibition. Significantly, unlike the combination of OxP and anti-PD-L1 mAb, the combination of OxP and PD-L1 trap does not induce obvious Th17 cells accumulation in the spleen, indicating better tolerance and lower tendency to irAEs. The reports here may highlight the potential of applying PD-L1 inhibitor, especially locally expressed PD-L1 trap, in cancer therapy following OxP-based chemotherapy. Microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) has shown poor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Here, the authors show that the combination of oxaliplatin with anti-PDL1 mAb is specifically efficient in the treatment of MSS CRC.
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96
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Gopalakrishnan D, Koshkin VS, Ornstein MC, Papatsoris A, Grivas P. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial cancer: recent updates and future outlook. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:1019-1040. [PMID: 29892196 PMCID: PMC5993034 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s158753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the US and most tumors have urothelial (transitional cell) histology. Platinum-based chemotherapy has long been the standard of care in advanced disease, but long-term outcomes have largely remained poor. Since the peak incidence of bladder cancer is in the eighth decade of life and beyond, medical comorbidities may often limit the use of chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors with their favorable toxicity profiles and notable antitumor activity have ushered in a new era in the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer (UC) with five agents targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway being recently approved by the US Food and Drug administration. A plethora of clinical trials are ongoing in diverse disease settings, employing agents targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and related immune checkpoint pathways. While reactivating anti-tumor immunity, these agents may lead to a unique constellation of immune-related adverse events, which may warrant discontinuation of therapy and potential use of immunosuppression. Novel combinations with various treatment modalities and optimal sequencing of active therapies are being investigated in prospective clinical trials and retrospective registries. At the era of precision molecular medicine, and since patients do not respond uniformly to these agents, there is a growing need for identification and validation of biomarkers that can accurately predict treatment response and assist in patient selection. This review discusses current updates and future directions of immunotherapy in advanced UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Moshe C Ornstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- Sismanoglio General Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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97
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Cheng K, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Ye S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Ji T, Wu H, Wang B, Anderson GJ, Ren L, Nie G. Sequentially Responsive Therapeutic Peptide Assembling Nanoparticles for Dual-Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3250-3258. [PMID: 29683683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapeutic regimen is becoming a primary direction for current cancer immunotherapy to broad the antitumor response. Functional nanomaterials offer great potential for steady codelivery of various drugs, especially small molecules, therapeutic peptides, and nucleic acids, thereby realizing controllable drug release, increase of drug bioavailability, and reduction of adverse effects. Herein, a therapeutic peptide assembling nanoparticle that can sequentially respond to dual stimuli in the tumor extracellular matrix was designed for tumor-targeted delivery and on-demand release of a short d-peptide antagonist of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (DPPA-1) and an inhibitor of idoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (NLG919). By concurrent blockade of immune checkpoints and tryptophan metabolism, the nanoformulation increased the level of tumor-infiltrated cytotoxic T cells and in turn effectively inhibited melanoma growth. To achieve this, an amphiphilic peptide, consisting of a functional 3-diethylaminopropyl isothiocyanate (DEAP) molecule, a peptide substrate of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and DPPA-1, was synthesized and coassembled with NLG919. The nanostructure swelled when it encountered the weakly acidic tumor niche where DEAP molecules were protonated, and further collapsed due to the cleavage of the peptide substrate by MMP-2 that is highly expressed in tumor stroma. The localized release of DPPA-1 and NLG919 created an environment which favored the survival and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, leading to the slowdown of melanoma growth and increase of overall survival. Together, this study offers new opportunities for dual-targeted cancer immunotherapy through functional peptide assembling nanoparticles with design features that are sequentially responsive to the multiple hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Cheng
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, College of Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shefang Ye
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, College of Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, College of Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane , Queensland 4029 , Australia
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, College of Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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98
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Furman C, Zhu P, Korpal M. Modulation of immunosurveillance by tumor-intrinsic genomic alterations. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:1305-1307. [PMID: 29185394 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Furman
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manav Korpal
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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99
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Halstead AM, Kapadia CD, Bolzenius J, Chu CE, Schriefer A, Wartman LD, Bowman GR, Arora VK. Bladder-cancer-associated mutations in RXRA activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors to drive urothelial proliferation. eLife 2017; 6:e30862. [PMID: 29143738 PMCID: PMC5720590 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RXRA regulates transcription as part of a heterodimer with 14 other nuclear receptors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Analysis from TCGA raised the possibility that hyperactive PPAR signaling, either due to PPAR gamma gene amplification or RXRA hot-spot mutation (S427F/Y) drives 20-25% of human bladder cancers. Here, we characterize mutant RXRA, demonstrating it induces enhancer/promoter activity in the context of RXRA/PPAR heterodimers in human bladder cancer cells. Structure-function studies indicate that the RXRA substitution allosterically regulates the PPAR AF2 domain via an aromatic interaction with the terminal tyrosine found in PPARs. In mouse urothelial organoids, PPAR agonism is sufficient to drive growth-factor-independent growth in the context of concurrent tumor suppressor loss. Similarly, mutant RXRA stimulates growth-factor-independent growth of Trp53/Kdm6a null bladder organoids. Mutant RXRA-driven growth of urothelium is reversible by PPAR inhibition, supporting PPARs as targetable drivers of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Halstead
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Chiraag D Kapadia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Jennifer Bolzenius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Clarence E Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Schriefer
- Genome Technology Access CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Lukas D Wartman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Gregory R Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
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100
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Goldstein JT, Berger AC, Shih J, Duke FF, Furst L, Kwiatkowski DJ, Cherniack AD, Meyerson M, Strathdee CA. Genomic Activation of PPARG Reveals a Candidate Therapeutic Axis in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6987-6998. [PMID: 28923856 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The PPARG gene encoding the nuclear receptor PPARγ is activated in bladder cancer, either directly by gene amplification or mutation, or indirectly by mutation of the RXRA gene, which encodes the heterodimeric partner of PPARγ. Here, we show that activating alterations of PPARG or RXRA lead to a specific gene expression signature in bladder cancers. Reducing PPARG activity, whether by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation, inhibited proliferation of PPARG-activated bladder cancer cells. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for PPARG as a candidate therapeutic target in bladder cancer. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6987-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashton C Berger
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliann Shih
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fujiko F Duke
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Furst
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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