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Damiao Gouveia AC, Skovman A, Jensen A, Koponen IK, Loft S, Roursgaard M, Møller P. Telomere shortening and aortic plaque progression in Apoliprotein E knockout mice after pulmonary exposure to candle light combustion particles. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:253-261. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Skovman
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismo Kalevi Koponen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Qin G, Xia J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Chen R, Sang N. Ambient fine particulate matter exposure induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in juvenile and older female mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:27. [PMID: 29941001 PMCID: PMC6019275 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the advanced world, and age is an important determinant of cardiac function. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the PM2.5-induced cardiac dysfunction is age-dependent and whether the adverse effects can be restored after PM2.5 exposure withdrawal. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice at different ages (4-week-old, 4-month-old, and 10-month-old) received oropharyngeal aspiration of 3 mg/kg b.w. PM2.5 every other day for 4 weeks. Then, 10-month-old and 4-week-old mice were exposed to PM2.5 for 4 weeks and withdrawal PM2.5 1 or 2 weeks. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were measured using a tail-cuff system. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Left ventricles were processed for histology to assess myocardial fibrosis. ROS generation was detected by photocatalysis using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA). The expression of cardiac fibrosis markers (Col1a1, Col3a1) and possible signaling molecules, including NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and Smad3, were detected by qPCR and/ or Western blot. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction of mice, elevated the heart rate and blood pressure, developed cardiac systolic dysfunction of 10-month-old mice, and caused fibrosis in both 4-week-old and 10-month-old mice. PM2.5 exposure increased the expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, NOX-4, and TGFβ1, activated Smad3, and generated more reactive oxygen species in the myocardium of 4-week-old and 10-month-old mice. The withdrawal from PM2.5 exposure restored blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function, expression of collagens, and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in hearts of both 10-month-old and 4-week-old mice. CONCLUSION Juvenile and older mice are more sensitive to PM2.5 than adults and suffer from cardiac dysfunction. PM2.5 exposure reversibly elevated heart rate and blood pressure, induced cardiac systolic dysfunction of older mice, and reversibly induced fibrosis in juvenile and older mice. The mechanism by which PM2.5 exposure resulted in cardiac lesions might involve oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase, TGFβ1, and Smad-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xia
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and PreventionTechniques, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 People’s Republic of China
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Hime NJ, Marks GB, Cowie CT. A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1206. [PMID: 29890638 PMCID: PMC6024892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article briefly reviews evidence of health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution from five common outdoor emission sources: traffic, coal-fired power stations, diesel exhaust, domestic wood combustion heaters, and crustal dust. The principal purpose of this review is to compare the evidence of health effects associated with these different sources with a view to answering the question: Is exposure to PM from some emission sources associated with worse health outcomes than exposure to PM from other sources? Answering this question will help inform development of air pollution regulations and environmental policy that maximises health benefits. Understanding the health effects of exposure to components of PM and source-specific PM are active fields of investigation. However, the different methods that have been used in epidemiological studies, along with the differences in populations, emission sources, and ambient air pollution mixtures between studies, make the comparison of results between studies problematic. While there is some evidence that PM from traffic and coal-fired power station emissions may elicit greater health effects compared to PM from other sources, overall the evidence to date does not indicate a clear ‘hierarchy’ of harmfulness for PM from different emission sources. Further investigations of the health effects of source-specific PM with more advanced approaches to exposure modeling, measurement, and statistics, are required before changing the current public health protection approach of minimising exposure to total PM mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Hime
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- The Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Guy B Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Christine T Cowie
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
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Lewis JB, Bodine JS, Gassman JR, Muñoz SA, Milner DC, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Transgenic up-regulation of Claudin-6 decreases fine diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced pulmonary inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18179-18188. [PMID: 29696536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein that contributes to tight junctional complexes and has been implicated in the maintenance of lung epithelial barriers. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that genetic up-regulation of Cldn-6 influences inflammation in mice exposed to short-term environmental diesel particulate matter (DPM). Mice were subjected to ten exposures of nebulized DPM (PM2.5) over a period of 20 days via a nose-only inhalation system (Scireq, Montreal, Canada). Using real-time RT-PCR, we discovered that the Cldn6 gene was up-regulated in control mice exposed to DPM and in lung-specific transgenic mice that up-regulate Cldn-6 (Cldn-6 TG). Interestingly, DPM did not further enhance Cldn-6 expression in Cldn-6 TG mice. DPM caused increased cell diapedesis into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control mice; however, Cldn-6 TG mice had less total cells and PMNs in BALF following DPM exposure. Because Cldn-6 TG mice had diminished cell diapedesis, other inflammatory intermediates were screened to characterize the impact of increased Cldn-6 on inflammatory signaling. Cytokines that mediate inflammatory responses including TNF-α and IL-1β were differentially regulated in Cldn6 TG mice and controls following DPM exposure. These results demonstrate that epithelial barriers organized by Cldn-6 mediate, at least in part, diesel-induced inflammation. Further work may show that Cldn-6 is a key target in understanding pulmonary epithelial gateways exacerbated by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jared S Bodine
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Samuel Arce Muñoz
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Ye Z, Lu X, Deng Y, Wang X, Zheng S, Ren H, Zhang M, Chen T, Jose PA, Yang J, Zeng C. In Utero Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Causes Hypertension Due to Impaired Renal Dopamine D1 Receptor in Offspring. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 46:148-159. [PMID: 29614490 PMCID: PMC6437669 DOI: 10.1159/000488418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adverse environment in utero can modulate adult phenotypes including blood pressure. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in utero causes hypertension in the offspring, but the exact mechanisms are not clear. Renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4), plays an important role in the regulation of renal sodium transport and blood pressure. In this present study, we determined if renal D1R dysfunction is involved in PM2.5-induced hypertension in the offspring. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given an oropharyngeal drip of PM2.5 (1.0 mg/kg) at gestation day 8, 10, and 12. The blood pressure, 24-hour sodium excretion, and urine volume were measured in the offspring. The expression levels of GRK4 and D1R were determined by immunoblotting. The phosphorylation of D1R was investigated using immunoprecipitation. Plasma malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were also measured in the offspring. RESULTS As compared with saline-treated dams, offspring of PM2.5-treated dams had increased blood pressure, impaired sodium excretion, and reduced D1R-mediated natriuresis and diuresis, accompanied by decreased renal D1R expression and GRK4 expression. The impaired renal D1R function and increased GRK4 expression could be caused by increased reactive oxidative stress (ROS) induced by PM2.5 exposure. Administration of tempol, a redox-cycling nitroxide, for 4 weeks in the offspring of PM2.5-treated dam normalized the decreased renal D1R expression and increased renal D1R phosphorylation and GRK4 expression. Furthermore, tempol normalized the increased renal expression of c-Myc, a transcription factor that regulates GRK4 expression. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to PM2.5 increases ROS and GRK4 expression, impairs D1R-mediated sodium excretion, and increases blood pressure in the offspring. These studies suggest that normalization of D1R function may be a target for the prevention and treatment of the hypertension in offspring of mothers exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmeng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
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56
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Lu X, Ye Z, Zheng S, Ren H, Zeng J, Wang X, Jose PA, Chen K, Zeng C. Long-Term Exposure of Fine Particulate Matter Causes Hypertension by Impaired Renal D 1 Receptor-Mediated Sodium Excretion via Upregulation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Type 4 Expression in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007185. [PMID: 29307864 PMCID: PMC5778966 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence supports an important association between air pollution exposure and hypertension. However, the mechanisms are not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS Our present study found that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes hypertension and impairs renal sodium excretion, which might be ascribed to lower D1 receptor expression and higher D1 receptor phosphorylation, accompanied with a higher G-protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) expression. The in vivo results were confirmed in in vitro studies (ie, PM2.5 increased basal and decreased D1 receptor mediated inhibitory effect on Na+-K+ ATPase activity, decreased D1 receptor expression, and increased D1 receptor phosphorylation in renal proximal tubule cells). The downregulation of D1 receptor expression and function might be attributable to a higher GRK4 expression after the exposure of renal proximal tubule cells to PM2.5, because downregulation of GRK4 by small-interfering RNA reversed the D1 receptor expression and function. Because of the role of reactive oxygen species on D1 receptor dysfunction and its relationship with air pollution exposure, we determined plasma reactive oxygen species and found the levels higher in PM2.5-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) reduced blood pressure and increased sodium excretion in PM2.5-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, accompanied by an increase in the low D1 receptor expression, and decreased the hyperphosphorylated D1 receptor and GRK4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our present study indicated that long-term exposure of PM2.5 increases blood pressure by decreasing D1 receptor expression and function; reactive oxygen species, via regulation of GRK4 expression, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PM2.5-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengmeng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
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Bencsik A, Lestaevel P, Guseva Canu I. Nano- and neurotoxicology: An emerging discipline. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 160:45-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Impact of diesel exhaust exposure on the liver of mice fed on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-deficient diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:284-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Stone V, Miller MR, Clift MJD, Elder A, Mills NL, Møller P, Schins RPF, Vogel U, Kreyling WG, Alstrup Jensen K, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Schwarze PE, Hoet P, Pietroiusti A, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Baeza-Squiban A, Teixeira JP, Tran CL, Cassee FR. Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:106002. [PMID: 29017987 PMCID: PMC5933410 DOI: 10.1289/ehp424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rich body of literature exists that has demonstrated adverse human health effects following exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM), and there is strong support for an important role of ultrafine (nanosized) particles. At present, relatively few human health or epidemiology data exist for engineered nanomaterials (NMs) despite clear parallels in their physicochemical properties and biological actions in in vitro models. OBJECTIVES NMs are available with a range of physicochemical characteristics, which allows a more systematic toxicological analysis. Therefore, the study of ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm in diameter) provides an opportunity to identify plausible health effects for NMs, and the study of NMs provides an opportunity to facilitate the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of UFP. METHODS A workshop of experts systematically analyzed the available information and identified 19 key lessons that can facilitate knowledge exchange between these discipline areas. DISCUSSION Key lessons range from the availability of specific techniques and standard protocols for physicochemical characterization and toxicology assessment to understanding and defining dose and the molecular mechanisms of toxicity. This review identifies a number of key areas in which additional research prioritization would facilitate both research fields simultaneously. CONCLUSION There is now an opportunity to apply knowledge from NM toxicology and use it to better inform PM health risk research and vice versa. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Stone
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas A J Kuhlbusch
- Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology Unit, Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
- Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hoet
- Center for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departmento de Toxicología, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, México
| | | | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto–Epidemiology (ISPUP-EPI) Unit, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:345-367. [PMID: 28669628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These are manifested through several, likely overlapping, pathways including at the functional level, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, pro-coagulation and alterations in autonomic nervous system balance and blood pressure. At numerous points within each of these pathways, there is potential for cellular oxidative imbalances to occur. The current review examines epidemiological, occupational and controlled exposure studies and research employing healthy and diseased animal models, isolated organs and cell cultures in assessing the importance of the pro-oxidant potential of air pollution in the development of cardiovascular disease outcomes. The collective body of data provides evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is not only central to eliciting specific cardiac endpoints, but is also implicated in modulating the risk of succumbing to cardiovascular disease, sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury and the onset and progression of metabolic disease following ambient pollution exposure. To add to this large research effort conducted to date, further work is required to provide greater insight into areas such as (a) whether an oxidative imbalance triggers and/or worsens the effect and/or is representative of the consequence of disease progression, (b) OS pathways and cardiac outcomes caused by individual pollutants within air pollution mixtures, or as a consequence of inter-pollutant interactions and (c) potential protection provided by nutritional supplements and/or pharmacological agents with antioxidant properties, in susceptible populations residing in polluted urban cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Niemann B, Rohrbach S, Miller MR, Newby DE, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution: Part 3 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:230-251. [PMID: 28683970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs whenever the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity. In this paper, we review the specific role of several cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excessive pollution. Specifically, the risk of developing heart failure is higher in patients with diabetes or obesity, even with optimal medical treatment, and the increased release of ROS from cardiac mitochondria and other sources likely contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Here, we explore the role of different ROS sources arising in obesity and diabetes, and the effect of excessive ROS production on the development of cardiac lipotoxicity. In parallel, contaminants in the air that we breathe pose a significant threat to human health. This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how their composition and biological effects have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Niemann
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mark R Miller
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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62
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Dekkers S, Miller MR, Schins RPF, Römer I, Russ M, Vandebriel RJ, Lynch I, Belinga-Desaunay MF, Valsami-Jones E, Connell SP, Smith IP, Duffin R, Boere JAF, Heusinkveld HJ, Albrecht C, de Jong WH, Cassee FR. The effect of zirconium doping of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity and biodistribution in mice after inhalation. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:794-808. [PMID: 28741972 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1357214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development and manufacture of nanomaterials is growing at an exponential rate, despite an incomplete understanding of how their physicochemical characteristics affect their potential toxicity. Redox activity has been suggested to be an important physicochemical property of nanomaterials to predict their biological activity. This study assessed the influence of redox activity by modification of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) via zirconium (Zr) doping on the biodistribution, pulmonary and cardiovascular effects in mice following inhalation. Healthy mice (C57BL/6 J), mice prone to cardiovascular disease (ApoE-/-, western-diet fed) and a mouse model of neurological disease (5 × FAD) were exposed via nose-only inhalation to CeO2 NPs with varying amounts of Zr-doping (0%, 27% or 78% Zr), or clean air, over a four-week period (4 mg/m3 for 3 h/day, 5 days/week). Effects were assessed four weeks post-exposure. In all three mouse models CeO2 NP exposure had no major toxicological effects apart from some modest inflammatory histopathology in the lung, which was not related to the amount of Zr-doping. In ApoE-/- mice CeO2 did not change the size of atherosclerotic plaques, but there was a trend towards increased inflammatory cell content in relation to the Zr content of the CeO2 NPs. These findings show that subacute inhalation of CeO2 NPs causes minimal pulmonary and cardiovascular effect four weeks post-exposure and that Zr-doping of CeO2 NPs has limited effect on these responses. Further studies with nanomaterials with a higher inherent toxicity or a broader range of redox activities are needed to fully assess the influence of redox activity on the toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Dekkers
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Miller
- b Centre for Cardiovascular Science & Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Roel P F Schins
- c IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Isabella Römer
- d School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Mike Russ
- e Promethean Particles Ltd. , Nottingham , UK
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Iseult Lynch
- d School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | | | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- d School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Shea P Connell
- b Centre for Cardiovascular Science & Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Ian P Smith
- b Centre for Cardiovascular Science & Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- b Centre for Cardiovascular Science & Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - John A F Boere
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,c IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- c IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Wim H de Jong
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,f Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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63
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Miller MR, Raftis JB, Langrish JP, McLean SG, Samutrtai P, Connell SP, Wilson S, Vesey AT, Fokkens PHB, Boere AJF, Krystek P, Campbell CJ, Hadoke PWF, Donaldson K, Cassee FR, Newby DE, Duffin R, Mills NL. Inhaled Nanoparticles Accumulate at Sites of Vascular Disease. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4542-4552. [PMID: 28443337 PMCID: PMC5444047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of engineered nanomaterials is growing exponentially, despite concerns over their potential similarities to environmental nanoparticles that are associated with significant cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms through which inhalation of nanoparticles could trigger acute cardiovascular events are emerging, but a fundamental unanswered question remains: Do inhaled nanoparticles translocate from the lung in man and directly contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease? In complementary clinical and experimental studies, we used gold nanoparticles to evaluate particle translocation, permitting detection by high-resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometry and Raman microscopy. Healthy volunteers were exposed to nanoparticles by acute inhalation, followed by repeated sampling of blood and urine. Gold was detected in the blood and urine within 15 min to 24 h after exposure, and was still present 3 months after exposure. Levels were greater following inhalation of 5 nm (primary diameter) particles compared to 30 nm particles. Studies in mice demonstrated the accumulation in the blood and liver following pulmonary exposure to a broader size range of gold nanoparticles (2-200 nm primary diameter), with translocation markedly greater for particles <10 nm diameter. Gold nanoparticles preferentially accumulated in inflammation-rich vascular lesions of fat-fed apolipoproteinE-deficient mice. Furthermore, following inhalation, gold particles could be detected in surgical specimens of carotid artery disease from patients at risk of stroke. Translocation of inhaled nanoparticles into the systemic circulation and accumulation at sites of vascular inflammation provides a direct mechanism that can explain the link between environmental nanoparticles and cardiovascular disease and has major implications for risk management in the use of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Jennifer B. Raftis
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Langrish
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. McLean
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pawitrabhorn Samutrtai
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shea P. Connell
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wilson
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex T. Vesey
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. B. Fokkens
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A. John F. Boere
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Krystek
- Department
of Environment and Health, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin J. Campbell
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Donaldson
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Flemming R. Cassee
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David E. Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rodger Duffin
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas L. Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, MRC Centre for Inflammation
Research, and EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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64
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Bell G, Mora S, Greenland P, Tsai M, Gill E, Kaufman JD. Association of Air Pollution Exposures With High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Particle Number: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:976-982. [PMID: 28408373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease may be explained by changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). APPROACH AND RESULTS We examined the cross-sectional relationship between air pollution and both HDL cholesterol and HDL particle number in the MESA Air study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Air Pollution). Study participants were 6654 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese men and women aged 45 to 84 years. We estimated individual residential ambient fine particulate pollution exposure (PM2.5) and black carbon concentrations using a fine-scale likelihood-based spatiotemporal model and cohort-specific monitoring. Exposure periods were averaged to 12 months, 3 months, and 2 weeks prior to examination. HDL cholesterol and HDL particle number were measured in the year 2000 using the cholesterol oxidase method and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and HDL measures. A 0.7×10-6 m-1 higher exposure to black carbon (a marker of traffic-related pollution) averaged over a 1-year period was significantly associated with a lower HDL cholesterol (-1.68 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -2.86 to -0.50) and approached significance with HDL particle number (-0.55 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -1.13 to 0.03). In the 3-month averaging time period, a 5 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 was associated with lower HDL particle number (-0.64 μmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -1.01 to -0.26), but not HDL cholesterol (-0.05 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -0.82 to 0.71). CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to air pollution is adversely associated with measures of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Bell
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.).
| | - Samia Mora
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Philip Greenland
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Michael Tsai
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Ed Gill
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
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65
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Dorans KS, Wilker EH, Li W, Rice MB, Ljungman PL, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Kloog I, Koutrakis P, D'Agostino RB, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, O'Donnell CJ, Mittleman MA. Residential proximity to major roads, exposure to fine particulate matter and aortic calcium: the Framingham Heart Study, a cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013455. [PMID: 28302634 PMCID: PMC5372069 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traffic and ambient air pollution exposure are positively associated with cardiovascular disease, potentially through atherosclerosis promotion. Few studies have assessed associations of these exposures with thoracic aortic calcium Agatston score (TAC) or abdominal aortic calcium Agatston score (AAC), systemic atherosclerosis correlates. We assessed whether living close to a major road and residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure were associated with TAC and AAC in a Northeastern US cohort. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Framingham Offspring and Third Generation participants residing in the Northeastern USA. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Among 3506 participants, mean age was 55.8 years; 50% female. TAC was measured from 2002 to 2005 and AAC up to two times (2002-2005; 2008-2011) among participants from the Framingham Offspring or Third Generation cohorts. We first assessed associations with detectable TAC (logistic regression) and AAC (generalised estimating equation regression, logit link). As aortic calcium scores were right skewed, we used linear regression models and mixed-effects models to assess associations with natural log-transformed TAC and AAC, respectively, among participants with detectable aortic calcium. We also assessed associations with AAC progression. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, socioeconomic position indicators and time. RESULTS There were no consistent associations of major roadway proximity or PM2.5 with the presence or extent of TAC or AAC, or with AAC progression. Some estimates were in the opposite direction than expected. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort from a region with relatively low levels of and variation in PM2.5, there were no strong associations of proximity to a major road or PM2.5 with the presence or extent of aortic calcification, or with AAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Dorans
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary B Rice
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petter L Ljungman
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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66
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Lawal AO. Air particulate matter induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis: The role of Nrf2 and AhR-mediated pathways. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:88-95. [PMID: 28189649 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) is an important component of air pollution, which has been reported to play important role in the adverse health effects of the latter. Extensive experimental data and epidemiological studies have shown that the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and atherosclerosis caused by air pollution are mainly due to the PM component. Implicated in these adverse health effects of PM, is their ability to induce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory events in the vascular system. The association between the cardiovascular ischemic events and atherosclerosis induced by PM has been linked to the ultrafine and fine components. These particles have a high content of redox cyclic chemicals. This, together with their ability to combine with proatherogenic molecules enhanced tissue oxidative stress. Studies have shown that the oxidative stress induced by PM could up-regulates the expression of phase I and phase II metabolize enzymes. This up-regulation occurs by the activation of transcription factors (such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) -like 2-related factor (Nrf2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)). This review will focus on data supporting the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in PM-induced cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis and the importance of Nrf2-and AhR- dependent regulatory pathways in the PM-induced cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem O Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
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67
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Cao Y, Long J, Ji Y, Chen G, Shen Y, Gong Y, Li J. Foam cell formation by particulate matter (PM) exposure: a review. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:583-590. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1236157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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68
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Cardiovascular health effects of oral and pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in ApoE-deficient mice. Toxicology 2016; 371:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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69
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Ramanathan G, Yin F, Speck M, Tseng CH, Brook JR, Silverman F, Urch B, Brook RD, Araujo JA. Effects of urban fine particulate matter and ozone on HDL functionality. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 27221567 PMCID: PMC4879751 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. PM2.5 (<2.5 μm) and ozone exposures have been shown to associate with carotid intima media thickness in humans. Animal studies support a causal relationship between air pollution and atherosclerosis and identified adverse PM effects on HDL functionality. We aimed to determine whether brief exposures to PM2.5 and/or ozone could induce effects on HDL anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in humans. Methods Subjects were exposed to fine concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP) with PM2.5 targeted at 150 μg/m3, ozone targeted at 240 μg/m3(120 ppb), PM2.5 plus ozone targeted at similar concentrations, and filtered air (FA) for 2 h, on 4 different occasions, at least two weeks apart, in a randomized, crossover study. Blood was obtained before exposures (baseline), 1 h after and 20 h after exposures. Plasma HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity and paraoxonase activity were determined. HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity was assessed by a cell-free fluorescent assay and expressed in units of a HDL oxidant index (HOI). Changes in HOI (ΔHOI) were calculated as the difference in HOI from baseline to 1 h after or 20 h after exposures. Results There was a trend towards bigger ΔHOI between PM2.5 and FA 1 h after exposures (p = 0.18) but not 20 h after. This trend became significant (p <0.05) when baseline HOI was lower (<1.5 or <2.0), indicating decreased HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity shortly after the exposures. There were no significant effects of ozone alone or in combination with PM2.5 on the change in HOI at both time points. The change in HOI due to PM2.5 showed a positive trend with particle mass concentration (p = 0.078) and significantly associated with the slope of systolic blood pressure during exposures (p = 0.005). Conclusions Brief exposures to concentrated PM2.5 elicited swift effects on HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory functionality, which could indicate a potential mechanism for how particulate air pollution induces harmful cardiovascular effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Speck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances Silverman
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Urch
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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70
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Lo Sasso G, Schlage WK, Boué S, Veljkovic E, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. The Apoe(-/-) mouse model: a suitable model to study cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the context of cigarette smoke exposure and harm reduction. J Transl Med 2016; 14:146. [PMID: 27207171 PMCID: PMC4875735 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mice display poor lipoprotein clearance with subsequent accumulation of cholesterol ester-enriched particles in the blood, which promote the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, the Apoe(-/-) mouse model is well established for the study of human atherosclerosis. The systemic proinflammatory status of Apoe(-/-) mice also makes them good candidates for studying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by pulmonary inflammation, airway obstruction, and emphysema, and which shares several risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, including smoking. Herein, we review the results from published studies using Apoe(-/-) mice, with a particular focus on work conducted in the context of cigarette smoke inhalation studies. The findings from these studies highlight the suitability of this animal model for researching the effects of cigarette smoking on atherosclerosis and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphanie Boué
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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71
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Lawal A, Davids L, Marnewick J. Diesel exhaust particles and endothelial cells dysfunction: An update. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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73
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Shaw CA, Mortimer GM, Deng ZJ, Carter ES, Connell SP, Miller MR, Duffin R, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF, Minchin RF. Protein corona formation in bronchoalveolar fluid enhances diesel exhaust nanoparticle uptake and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:981-91. [PMID: 27027807 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In biological fluids nanoparticles bind a range of molecules, particularly proteins, on their surface. The resulting protein corona influences biological activity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Corona composition is often determined by the biological milieu encountered at the entry portal into the body, and, can therefore, depend on the route of exposure to the nanoparticle. For environmental nanoparticles where exposure is by inhalation, this will be lung lining fluid. This study examined plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) protein binding to engineered and environmental nanoparticles. We hypothesized that protein corona on nanoparticles would influence nanoparticle uptake and subsequent pro-inflammatory biological response in macrophages. All nanoparticles bound plasma and BALF proteins, but the profile of bound proteins varied between nanoparticles. Focusing on diesel exhaust nanoparticles (DENP), we identified proteins bound from plasma to include fibrinogen, and those bound from BALF to include albumin and surfactant proteins A and D. The presence on DENP of a plasma-derived corona or one of purified fibrinogen failed to evoke an inflammatory response in macrophages. However, coronae formed in BALF increased DENP uptake into macrophages two fold, and increased nanoparticulate carbon black (NanoCB) uptake fivefold. Furthermore, a BALF-derived corona increased IL-8 release from macrophages in response to DENP from 1720 ± 850 pg/mL to 5560 ± 1380 pg/mL (p = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the unique protein corona formed on nanoparticles plays an important role in determining biological reactivity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Importantly, these findings have implications for the mechanism of detrimental properties of environmental nanoparticles since the principle route of exposure to such particles is via the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Shaw
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Gysell M Mortimer
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Zhou J Deng
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Edwin S Carter
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Shea P Connell
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Mark R Miller
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- c MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David E Newby
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- a BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- b Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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74
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Møller P, Christophersen DV, Jacobsen NR, Skovmand A, Gouveia ACD, Andersen MHG, Kermanizadeh A, Jensen DM, Danielsen PH, Roursgaard M, Jantzen K, Loft S. Atherosclerosis and vasomotor dysfunction in arteries of animals after exposure to combustion-derived particulate matter or nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:437-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2016.1149451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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75
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Shen M, Bin P, Li H, Zhang X, Sun X, Duan H, Niu Y, Meng T, Dai Y, Gao W, Yu S, Gu G, Zheng Y. Increased levels of etheno-DNA adducts and genotoxicity biomarkers of long-term exposure to pure diesel engine exhaust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:267-273. [PMID: 26588802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Etheno-DNA adducts are biomarkers for assessing oxidative stress. In this study, the aim was to detect the level of etheno-DNA adducts and explore the relationship between the etheno-DNA adducts and genotoxicity biomarkers of the diesel engine exhaust (DEE)-exposed workers. We recruited 86 diesel engine testing workers with long-term exposure to DEE and 99 non-DEE-exposed workers. The urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and etheno-DNA adducts (εdA and εdC) were detected by HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Genotoxicity biomarkers were also evaluated by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The results showed that urinary εdA was significantly higher in the DEE-exposed workers (p<0.001), exhibited 2.1-fold increase compared with the non-DEE-exposed workers. The levels of urinary OH-PAHs were positively correlated with the level of εdA among all the study subjects (p<0.001). Moreover, we found that the increasing level of εdA was significantly associated with the increased olive tail moment, percentage of tail DNA, or frequency of micronucleus in the study subjects (p<0.01). No significant association was observed between the εdC level and any measured genotoxicity biomarkers. In summary, εdA could serve as an indicator for DEE exposure in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ping Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Haibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Guizhen Gu
- Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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76
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Miller MR, Mills NL, Newby DE. Road Repairs: Does Exposure to Traffic Affect Mechanisms of Vascular Injury and Repair? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 35:2266-8. [PMID: 26490275 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- From the University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- From the University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David E Newby
- From the University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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77
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78
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Prueitt RL, Cohen JM, Goodman JE. Evaluation of atherosclerosis as a potential mode of action for cardiovascular effects of particulate matter. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:S1-15. [PMID: 26474868 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have consistently reported associations between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiology evidence for associations between PM2.5 and subclinical measures of atherosclerosis is unclear. We critically reviewed the experimental studies of PM2.5 and effects associated with acceleration and exacerbation of atherosclerosis and evaluated whether they support a biologically plausible, human-relevant mode of action (MoA) for the associations between PM2.5 exposure and adverse CV outcomes reported in epidemiology studies. We focused on outcomes related to atherosclerotic plaque development, thrombosis, and coagulation, and we examined whether these outcomes were correlated with measures of oxidative stress and systemic or pulmonary inflammation, to evaluate whether these processes are likely to be key early events for atherogenic effects of PM. While the current experimental evidence indicates that the acceleration and exacerbation of atherosclerosis is a biologically plausible MoA in experimental animal models, we found that the human relevance of the key events in the proposed MoA is unclear and not well supported by the existing data. Further studies are needed to fill several important data gaps before the human relevance of this MoA can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Prueitt
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Joel M Cohen
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient, 20 University Road, Suite 5, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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79
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Abstract
Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system are highly vulnerable to a number of environmental agents--ambient air pollution and the metals arsenic, cadmium, and lead are widespread and the most-extensively studied. Like traditional risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, these exposures advance disease and mortality via augmentation or initiation of pathophysiological processes associated with CVD, including blood-pressure control, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and atherogenesis. Although residence in highly polluted areas is associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk, adverse effects on cardiovascular health also occur at exposure levels below current regulatory standards. Considering the widespread prevalence of exposure, even modest contributions to CVD risk can have a substantial effect on population health. Evidence-based clinical and public-health strategies aimed at reducing environmental exposures from current levels could substantially lower the burden of CVD-related death and disability worldwide.
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80
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Cao Y, Jantzen K, Gouveia ACD, Skovmand A, Roursgaard M, Loft S, Møller P. Automobile diesel exhaust particles induce lipid droplet formation in macrophages in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:164-171. [PMID: 26122084 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been associated with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects, which may be related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and formation of macrophage foam cells. In this study, THP-1 derived macrophages were exposed to an automobile generated DEP (A-DEP) for 24h to study lipid droplet formation and possible mechanisms. The results show that A-DEP did not induce cytotoxicity. The production of reactive oxygen species was only significantly increased after exposure for 3h, but not 24h. Intracellular level of reduced glutathione was increased after 24h exposure. These results combined indicate an adaptive response to oxidative stress. Exposure to A-DEP was associated with significantly increased formation of lipid droplets, as well as changes in lysosomal function, assessed as reduced LysoTracker staining. In conclusion, these results indicated that exposure to A-DEP may induce formation of lipid droplets in macrophages in vitro possibly via lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Kim Jantzen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ana Cecilia Damiao Gouveia
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Astrid Skovmand
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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81
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Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130337. [PMID: 26103580 PMCID: PMC4478007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutants (AP) play a role in subclinical inflammation, and are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inflammatory and precedes cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a positive association between AP and MetS may be hypothesized. We explored this association, (taking into account, pathway-specific MetS definitions), and its potential modifiers in Swiss adults. We studied 3769 participants of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults, reporting at least four-hour fasting time before venepuncture. AP exposures were 10-year mean residential PM10 (particulate matter <10μm in diameter) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide). Outcomes included MetS defined by World Health Organization (MetS-W), International Diabetes Federation (MetS-I) and Adult Treatment Panel-III (MetS-A) using four- and eight-hour fasting time limits. We also explored associations with individual components of MetS. We applied mixed logistic regression models to explore these associations. The prevalence of MetS-W, MetS-I and MetS-A were 10%, 22% and 18% respectively. Odds of MetS-W, MetS-I and MetS-A increased by 72% (51-102%), 31% (11-54%) and 18% (4-34%) per 10μg/m3 increase in 10-year mean PM10. We observed weaker associations with NO2. Associations were stronger among physically-active, ever-smokers and non-diabetic participants especially with PM10 (p<0.05). Associations remained robust across various sensitivity analyses including ten imputations of missing observations and exclusion of diabetes cases. The observed associations between AP exposure and MetS were sensitive to MetS definitions. Regarding the MetS components, we observed strongest associations with impaired fasting glycemia, and positive but weaker associations with hypertension and waist-circumference-based obesity. Cardio-metabolic effects of AP may be majorly driven by impairment of glucose homeostasis, and to a less-strong extent, visceral adiposity. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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82
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The role of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular actions of particulate air pollution. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1006-11. [PMID: 25109994 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been estimated to be responsible for several millions of deaths worldwide per year, the majority of which have been attributed to cardiovascular causes. The particulate matter in air pollution has been shown impair vascular function, increase blood pressure, promote thrombosis and impair fibrinolysis, accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, increase the extent of myocardial ischaemia, and increase susceptibility to myocardial infarction. The pathways underlying these effects are complex and poorly understood; however, particulate-induced oxidative stress repeatedly emerges as a potential mechanism in all of these detrimental cardiovascular actions. The present mini-review will use diesel exhaust as an example of a pollutant rich in combustion-derived nanoparticles, to describe the potential by which oxidative stress could drive the cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
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83
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Schisler JC, Ronnebaum SM, Madden M, Channell M, Campen M, Willis MS. Endothelial inflammatory transcriptional responses to an altered plasma exposome following inhalation of diesel emissions. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:272-80. [PMID: 25942053 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution, especially emissions derived from traffic sources, is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, it remains unclear how inhaled factors drive extrapulmonary pathology. OBJECTIVES Previously, we found that canonical inflammatory response transcripts were elevated in cultured endothelial cells treated with plasma obtained after exposure compared with pre-exposure samples or filtered air (sham) exposures. While the findings confirmed the presence of bioactive factor(s) in the plasma after diesel inhalation, we wanted to better examine the complete genomic response to investigate (1) major responsive transcripts and (2) collected response pathways and ontogeny that may help to refine this method and inform the pathogenesis. METHODS We assayed endothelial RNA with gene expression microarrays, examining the responses of cultured endothelial cells to plasma obtained from six healthy human subjects exposed to 100 μg/m(3) diesel exhaust or filtered air for 2 h on separate occasions. In addition to pre-exposure baseline samples, we investigated samples obtained immediately-post and 24 h-post exposure. RESULTS Microarray analysis of the coronary artery endothelial cells challenged with plasma identified 855 probes that changed over time following diesel exhaust exposure. Over-representation analysis identified inflammatory cytokine pathways were upregulated both at the 2 and 24 h conditions. Novel pathways related to FOXO transcription factors and secreted extracellular factors were also identified in the microarray analysis. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes are consistent with our recent findings that plasma contains bioactive and inflammatory factors following pollutant inhalation and provide a novel pathway to explain the well-reported extrapulmonary toxicity of ambient air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Schisler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
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84
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Tomaszewski KA, Radomski MW, Santos-Martinez MJ. Nanodiagnostics, nanopharmacology and nanotoxicology of platelet–vessel wall interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1451-75. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions, the interactions between blood platelets and endothelial cells play a major role in vascular reactivity and hemostasis. By contrast, increased platelet activation contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular pathology such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and carcinogenesis. Nanomedicine, including nanodiagnostics and nanotherapeutics is poised to be used in the management of vascular diseases. However, the inherent risk and potential toxicity resultant from the use of nanosized (<100 nm) materials need to be carefully considered. This review, basing on a systematic search of literature provides state-of-the-art and focuses on new discoveries, as well as the potential benefits and threats in the field of nanodiagnostics, nanopharmacology and nanotoxicology of platelet–vessel wall interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof A Tomaszewski
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Kopernika St, 31–034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek W Radomski
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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85
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Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Lecureur V, Fardel O. Regulation of human hepatic drug transporter activity and expression by diesel exhaust particle extract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121232. [PMID: 25803276 PMCID: PMC4372591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common environmental air pollutants primarily affecting the lung. DEPs or chemicals adsorbed on DEPs also exert extra-pulmonary effects, including alteration of hepatic drug detoxifying enzyme expression. The present study was designed to determine whether organic DEP extract (DEPe) may target hepatic drug transporters that contribute in a major way to drug detoxification. Using primary human hepatocytes and transporter-overexpressing cells, DEPe was first shown to strongly inhibit activities of the sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) uptake transporters organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 and of the canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, with IC50 values ranging from approximately 1 to 20 μg/mL and relevant to environmental exposure situations. By contrast, 25 μg/mL DEPe failed to alter activities of the SLC transporter organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and of the ABC efflux pumps P-glycoprotein and bile salt export pump (BSEP), whereas it only moderately inhibited those of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide and of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Treatment by 25 μg/mL DEPe was next demonstrated to induce expression of BCRP at both mRNA and protein level in cultured human hepatic cells, whereas it concomitantly repressed mRNA expression of various transporters, including OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1 and BSEP. Such changes in transporter expression were found to be highly correlated to those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a reference activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. This suggests that DEPe, which is enriched in known ligands of AhR like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alters drug transporter expression via activation of the AhR cascade. Taken together, these data established human hepatic transporters as targets of organic chemicals containing in DEPs, which may contribute to their systemic effects through impairing hepatic transport of endogenous compound or drug substrates of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Le Vee
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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86
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Kyjovska ZO, Jacobsen NR, Saber AT, Bengtson S, Jackson P, Wallin H, Vogel U. DNA strand breaks, acute phase response and inflammation following pulmonary exposure by instillation to the diesel exhaust particle NIST1650b in mice. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:499-507. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Larcombe AN, Phan JA, Kicic A, Perks KL, Mead-Hunter R, Mullins BJ. Route of exposure alters inflammation and lung function responses to diesel exhaust. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:409-18. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.909910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Barton DB, Betteridge BC, Earley TD, Curtis CS, Robinson AB, Reynolds PR. Primary alveolar macrophages exposed to diesel particulate matter increase RAGE expression and activate RAGE signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:229-38. [PMID: 24859220 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell-surface receptors implicated in mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that RAGE mediates inflammation in primary alveolar macrophages (AMs) exposed to diesel particulate matter (DPM). Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that RAGE was up-regulated in Raw264.7 cells, an immortalized murine macrophage cell line and primary AMs exposed to DPM for 2 h. Because DPM increased RAGE expression, we exposed Raw264.7 cells and primary AMs isolated from RAGE null and wild-type (WT) mice to DPM prior to the assessment of inflammatory signaling intermediates. DPM led to the activation of Rat sarcoma GTPase (Ras), p38 MAPK and NF-κB in WT AMs and, when compared to WT AMs, these intermediates were diminished in DPM-exposed AMs isolated from RAGE null mice. Furthermore, cytokines implicated in inflammation, including IL-4, IL-12, IL-13 and TNFα, were all significantly decreased in DPM-exposed RAGE null AMs compared to similarly exposed WT AMs. These results demonstrate that diesel-induced inflammatory responses by primary AMs are mediated, at least in part, via RAGE signaling mechanisms. Further work may show that RAGE signaling in both alveolar epithelial cells and resident macrophages is a potential target in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases exacerbated by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Barton
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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