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Hypothyroidism-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (HIN): Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165927. [PMID: 32824723 PMCID: PMC7460638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging worldwide problem and its association with other metabolic pathologies has been one of the main research topics in the last decade. The aim of this review article is to provide an up-to-date correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. We followed evidence regarding epidemiological impact, immunopathogenesis, thyroid hormone-liver axis, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. After evaluating the influence of thyroid hormone imbalance on liver structure and function, the latest studies have focused on developing new therapeutic strategies. Thyroid hormones (THs) along with their metabolites and thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) agonist are the main therapeutic targets. Other liver specific analogs and alternative treatments have been tested in the last few years as potential NAFLD therapy. Finally, we concluded that further research is necessary as well as the need for an extensive evaluation of thyroid function in NAFLD/NASH patients, aiming for better management and outcome.
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Impact of Sex and Age on the Mevalonate Pathway in the Brain: A Focus on Effects Induced by Maternal Exposure to Exogenous Compounds. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080304. [PMID: 32722471 PMCID: PMC7463490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and other compounds crucial for numerous cellular processes. It is well known that age and sex modulate this pathway in the liver. Recently, similar effects were also noted in different brain areas, suggesting that alterations of the mevalonate pathway are at the root of marked sex-specific disparities in some neurodevelopmental disorders related to disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we show how the mevalonate pathway is modulated in a sex-, age- and region-specific manner, and how maternal exposure to exogenous compounds can disturb the regulation of this pathway in the brain, possibly inducing functional alterations.
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The Molecular Function and Clinical Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071730. [PMID: 32698392 PMCID: PMC7407617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and its cognate receptor (TSHR) are of crucial importance for thyrocytes to proliferate and exert their functions. Although TSHR is predominantly expressed in thyrocytes, several studies have revealed that functional TSHR can also be detected in many extra-thyroid tissues, such as primary ovarian and hepatic tissues as well as their corresponding malignancies. Recent advances in cancer biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TSH and/or TSHR as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in cancer patients. The TSH/TSHR cascade has been considered a pivotal modulator for carcinogenesis and/or tumor progression in these cancers. TSHR belongs to a sub-group of family A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate a bundle of well-defined signaling transduction pathways to enhance cell renewal in response to external stimuli. In this review, recent findings regarding the molecular basis of TSH/TSHR functions in either thyroid or extra-thyroid tissues and the potential of directly targeting TSHR as an anticancer strategy are summarized and discussed.
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Nichols PH, Pan Y, May B, Pavlicova M, Rausch JC, Mencin AA, Thaker VV. Effect of TSH on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) independent of obesity in children of predominantly Hispanic/Latino ancestry by causal mediation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234985. [PMID: 32569304 PMCID: PMC7307750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common co-morbidity of obesity. Elevated TSH levels (eTSH), also associated with obesity, may contribute to the dysmetabolic state that predisposes to NAFLD. Objective To assess the relationship between TSH levels and NAFLD in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD compared to controls. Design and methods In this retrospective study of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and age-matched controls, the association of eTSH with NAFLD was investigated and the role of TSH as a mediator between obesity and NAFLD was assessed. Results Sixty-six cases and 4067 controls (69.7 vs 59% Hispanic/Latino ancestry, p = 0.1) of the same age range seen in the same time duration at an urban Children’s Hospital were studied. Children with NAFLD were more likely to be male (74.6 vs 39.4%, p < 0.001), have higher modified BMI-z scores (median 2.4 (IQR 1.7) vs 1.9 (IQR 1.7), p < 0.001), and abnormal metabolic parameters (TSH, ALT, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG). Multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex and severity of obesity showed significant association between the 4th quartile of TSH and NAFLD. Causal mediation analysis demonstrates that TSH mediates 33.8% of the effect of modified BMI-z score on NAFLD. This comprises of 16.0% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.002) caused by the indirect effect of TSH and its interaction with modified BMI-z, and 17.7% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.05) as an autonomous effect of TSH on NAFLD. Overall, 33.8% of the effect can be eliminated by removing the mediator, TSH (p = 0.001). Conclusions The association of eTSH and biopsy-proven NAFLD is demonstrated in children of Hispanic/Latino ancestry. Further, a causal mediation analysis implicates an effect of TSH on NAFLD, independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presley H. Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin May
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. Rausch
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali A. Mencin
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vidhu V. Thaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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An HJ, Kim JY, Gwon MG, Gu H, Kim HJ, Leem J, Youn SW, Park KK. Beneficial Effects of SREBP Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide in an Animal Model of Hyperlipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:552. [PMID: 31952262 PMCID: PMC7014099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disorder that plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hyperlipidemias have created a worldwide health crisis and impose a substantial burden not only on personal health but also on societies and economies. Transcription factors in the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) family are key regulators of the lipogenic genes in the liver. SREBPs regulate lipid homeostasis by controlling the expression of a range of enzymes required for the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and phospholipids. Thereby, SREBPs have been considered as targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial functions and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms of SREBP decoy ODN, which is a novel inhibitor of SREBPs, in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed hyperlipidemic mice. Our studies using HFD-induced hyperlipidemia animal model revealed that SREBB decoy ODN inhibited the increased expression of fatty acid synthetic pathway, such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, ACC1, and HMGCR. In addition, SREBP decoy ODN decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 expression. These results suggest that SREBP decoy ODN exerts its anti-hyperlipidemia effects in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia mice by regulating their lipid metabolism and inhibiting lipogenesis through inactivation of the SREPB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
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Wang X, Mao J, Zhou X, Li Q, Gao L, Zhao J. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Triggers Hepatic Mitochondrial Stress through Cyclophilin D Acetylation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1249630. [PMID: 31998431 PMCID: PMC6970002 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oxidative stress-related liver diseases were shown to be associated with elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular reactive oxygen species. However, the relationship between TSH and hepatic mitochondrial stress/dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we focused on exploring the effects and mechanism of TSH on hepatic mitochondrial stress. METHODS As the function of TSH is mediated through the TSH receptor (TSHR), Tshr -/- mice and liver-specific Tshr -/- mice and liver-specific Tshr -/- mice and liver-specific. RESULTS A relatively lower degree of mitochondrial stress was observed in the livers of Tshr -/- mice and liver-specific in vitro. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses showed that Tshr -/- mice and liver-specific. CONCLUSIONS TSH stimulates hepatic CypD acetylation through the lncRNA-AK044604/SIRT1/SIRT3 signaling pathway, indicating an essential role for TSH in mitochondrial stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinbao Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China
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Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:225-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Delitala AP, Scuteri A, Maioli M, Mangatia P, Vilardi L, Erre GL. Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk factors. Minerva Med 2019; 110:530-545. [PMID: 31726814 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormones have multiple effects on lipid metabolism as well as on the cardiovascular system function. These negative cardiovascular effects have long been recognized in overt hypothyroidism but can be reversed by treatment with levothyroxine. EVIDENCES ACQUISITION We performed on PubMed a literature search for the articles published until March 2019 by using the search terms "subclinical hypothyroidism," "cardiovascular disease," "cholesterol," "LDL," "HDL," "triglycerides," "coronary heart disease," "heart failure," "atherosclerosis," "all-cause mortality," "levothyroxine." EVIDENCES SYNTHESIS Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated thyrotropin (TSH) with a normal free thyroxine (FT4), is frequent in the general population and increase with age. Subclinical hypothyroidism has been linked to cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia and increased atherosclerosis. Although some studies have demonstrated that lipids are elevated in subclinical hypothyroidism, other studies did not confirm these data. Clinical trials have also demonstrated there is no clear evidence that levothyroxine therapy in subjects with milder form (TSH<10 mU/L) of subclinical hypothyroidism could improve lipid status and the other cardiovascular risk factors. Nevertheless, TSH level seems the best predictor of cardiovascular disease, in particular when its levels are above 10 mU/L. CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies are necessary to clarify the cardiovascular risk in patients with mild subclinical hypothyroidism and to assess the importance of treating elderly people in order to improve or counteract the correlated risks. However, until clinical recommendations will be updated, the decision to treat or not treat patients with subclinical hypothyroidism will still base on clinical judgment, clinical practice guidelines, and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Scuteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Istitute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Mangatia
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Vilardi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Unit of Rheumatology, Sassari University Hospital, Sassari, Italy
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Lin Y, Ren N, Li S, Chen M, Pu P. Novel anti-obesity effect of scutellarein and potential underlying mechanism of actions. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109042. [PMID: 31228804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Scutellarein (Sc), a natural compound and an active ingredient of Erigeron breviscapus (vant.), shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has the potential for obesity treatment. However, no previous in vivo study has been conducted to assess the role of Sc in obesity. This study investigated the effects of Sc on obesity and associated hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and explores the underlying mechanisms of action in a mouse model. METHODS The study was conducted using a well-established mouse model of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Anti-obesity effects were assessed using body weight, abdominal circumference, white adipose tissue, adiposity index, and fatty liver index. Lipid lowering and liver protective effects were examined by blood sample analysis. Lipid dystopia deposition was confirmed by liver pathological sections. The signaling pathways of lipid metabolism and cytokine/inflammatory mediator were evaluated using Real-Time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Central obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis were developed in mice fed with HFD. Administration of Sc at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 weeks effectively attenuated all obesity indicators tested. Further studies revealed the antagonistic effect of Sc on hyperlipidemia was a result of the repression of the lipid synthesis pathway, de novo pathway, HMGCR, promoting fatty acid oxidation (PPARα, CPT-1a) and increased cholesterol output (PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1). The anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to blocking the expression of inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Sc possesses important novel anti-obesity effects accompanying lipid lowering and anti-inflammation-based liver protective effects. These favorable effects are causally associated with the suppression of gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and fine regulation of genes responsible for energy metabolism. Our results advance the understanding of the pharmacological actions of Sc, and provides a role for Sc in effective management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Nina Ren
- Guangdong Online Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Chen X, Han Y, Gao P, Yang M, Xiao L, Xiong X, Zhao H, Tang C, Chen G, Zhu X, Yuan S, Liu F, Dong LQ, Liu F, Kanwar YS, Sun L. Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein protects against ectopic fat deposition and lipid-related kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2019; 95:880-895. [PMID: 30791996 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic fat deposition (EFD) in the kidney has been shown to play a causal role in diabetic nephropathy; however, the mechanism underlying EFD remains elusive. By transcriptome analysis, we found decreased expression levels of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) in the kidneys of diabetic mice (induced by high-fat diet plus Streptozotocin) compared with control mice. Increased expression of adipocyte differentiation-related protein and abnormal levels of collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated 5'AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK), adipose triglyceride lipase (p-ATGL), and HMG-CoA reductase (p-HMGCR) were also observed in diabetic mice. These alterations were accompanied by deposition of lipid droplets in the kidney, and were more pronounced in diabetic DsbA-L knockout mice. In vitro, overexpression of DsbA-L ameliorated high glucose-induced intracellular lipid droplet deposition in a human proximal tubular cell line, and DsbA-L siRNA aggravated lipid droplet deposition and reduced the levels of p-AMPK, p-ATGL, and p-HMGCR. High glucose and palmitic acid treatment enhanced the expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18; these enhancements were further increased after treatment with DsbA-L siRNA but alleviated by co-treatment with an AMPK activator. In kidney biopsy tissue from patients with diabetic nephropathy, DsbA-L expression was negatively correlated with EFD and tubular damage. Collectively, these results suggest that DsbA-L has a protective role against EFD and lipid-related kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy. Activation of the AMPK pathway is a potential mechanism underlying DsbA-L action in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Guo Y, Zhao M, Bo T, Ma S, Yuan Z, Chen W, He Z, Hou X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Wang Q, Lin X, Yang Z, Cui M, Liu L, Li Y, Yu C, Qi X, Wang Q, Zhang H, Guan Q, Zhao L, Xuan S, Yan H, Lin Y, Wang L, Li Q, Song Y, Gao L, Zhao J. Blocking FSH inhibits hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and reduces serum cholesterol. Cell Res 2019; 29:151-166. [PMID: 30559440 PMCID: PMC6355920 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease. The classic view assumes that the underlying mechanism of dyslipidemia is attributed to an insufficiency of estrogen. In addition to a decrease in estrogen, circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels become elevated at menopause. In this study, we find that blocking FSH reduces serum cholesterol via inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. First, epidemiological results show that the serum FSH levels are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol levels, even after adjustment by considering the effects of serum estrogen. In addition, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is significantly higher in peri-menopausal women than that in pre-menopausal women. Furthermore, we generated a mouse model of FSH elevation by intraperitoneally injecting exogenous FSH into ovariectomized (OVX) mice, in which a normal level of estrogen (E2) was maintained by exogenous supplementation. Consistently, the results indicate that FSH, independent of estrogen, increases the serum cholesterol level in this mouse model. Moreover, blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor (FSHR) gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding. Mechanistically, FSH, via binding to hepatic FSHRs, activates the Gi2α/β-arrestin-2/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibits the binding of FoxO1 with the SREBP-2 promoter, thus preventing FoxO1 from repressing SREBP-2 gene transcription. This effect, in turn, results in the upregulation of SREBP-2, which drives HMGCR nascent transcription and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to the increase of cholesterol accumulation. This study uncovers that blocking FSH signaling might be a new strategy for treating hypercholesterolemia during menopause, particularly for women in peri-menopause characterized by FSH elevation only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiangxiu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shimeng Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huili Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanliang Lin
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Ma S, Sun W, Gao L, Liu S. Therapeutic targets of hypercholesterolemia: HMGCR and LDLR. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1543-1553. [PMID: 31686875 PMCID: PMC6709517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s219013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is critical and necessary for the body's functions. Hypercholesterolemia can lead to significant clinical problems, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol receptor (LDLR) are major points of control in cholesterol homeostasis. We summarize the regulatory mechanisms of HMGCR and LDLR, which may provide insight for new drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan250021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ling GaoScientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong Province250021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 531 6877 6910Email
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan250013, People’s Republic of China
- Shudong LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, 23 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province250013, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 531 8238 2351Email
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Wang GE, Li YF, Zhai YJ, Gong L, Tian JY, Hong M, Yao N, Wu YP, Kurihara H, He RR. Theacrine protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating acylcarnitine metabolism. Metabolism 2018; 85:227-239. [PMID: 29727630 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acylcarnitine metabolism disorder contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are, however, few ideal medications for NAFLD, which work by targeting acylcarnitine metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of theacrine, a rare purine alkaloid isolated from Camellia assamica var. kucha, against acylcarnitine metabolism disorder in NAFLD. METHODS The pharmacological activities of theacrine were studied using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice models. Oleate-treated HepG2 and L-02 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of theacrine on acylcarnitine metabolism. The target of theacrine was confirmed in vitro as the blockade of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and protein kinase A. RESULTS Theacrine inhibits hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation and improves energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice. Theacrine ameliorates acylcarnitine metabolism disorder in HFD-fed mice and oleate-treated hepatocytes by improving fatty acid oxidation. The underlying mechanism involves theacrine's activation of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 and consequently, the increased activity of long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) through deacetylation. CONCLUSION Theacrine promotes acylcarnitine metabolism in NAFLD through the SIRT3/LCAD signaling pathway. The target of theacrine's activities on NAFLD is identified as SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-En Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing-Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mo Hong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Wang Q, Liu S, Zhai A, Zhang B, Tian G. AMPK-Mediated Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phosphorylation. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:985-993. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital
| | - Aihua Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan
| | - Bai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan
| | - Guizhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan
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Liu X, Du H, Chai Q, Jia Q, Liu L, Zhao M, Li J, Tang H, Chen W, Zhao L, Fang L, Gao L, Zhao J. Blocking mitochondrial cyclophilin D ameliorates TSH-impaired defensive barrier of artery. Redox Biol 2018; 15:418-434. [PMID: 29353219 PMCID: PMC5975066 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the defensive barrier of vasculature, which maintains the vascular homeostasis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) in ECs significantly affects the initiation and progression of vascular diseases. The higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is being recognized as a nonconventional risk factor responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). However, effects and underlying mechanisms of elevated TSH on ECs are still ambiguous. We sought to investigate whether cyclophilin D (CypD), emerging as a crucial mediator in mitoOS, regulates effects of TSH on ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS SCH patients with TSH > = 10mIU/L showed a positive correlation between serum TSH and endothelin-1 levels. When TSH levels declined to normal in these subjects after levothyroxine therapy, serum endothelin-1 levels were significantly reduced. Supplemented with exogenous thyroxine to keep normal thyroid hormones, thyroid-specific TSH receptor (TSHR)-knockout mice with injection of exogenous TSH exhibited elevated serum TSH levels, significant endothelial oxidative injuries and disturbed endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, Tshr-/- mice resisted to TSH-impaired vasotonia. We further confirmed that elevated TSH triggered excessive mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial oxidative damages in mouse aorta, as well as in cultured ECs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD (the key regulator for mPTP opening) attenuated TSH-induced mitochondrial oxidative damages and further rescued endothelial functions. Finally, we confirmed that elevated TSH could activate CypD by enhancing CypD acetylation via inhibiting adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-3 signaling pathway in ECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that elevated TSH triggers mitochondrial perturbations in ECs and provide insights that blocking mitochondrial CypD enhances the defensive ability of ECs under TSH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Qiang Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Li Fang
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Abstract
It has been known for a long time that thyroid hormones have prominent effects on hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism. Indeed, hypothyroidism has been associated with increased serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Advances in areas such as cell imaging, autophagy and metabolomics have generated a more detailed and comprehensive picture of thyroid-hormone-mediated regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism at the molecular level. In this Review, we describe and summarize the key features of direct thyroid hormone regulation of lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol synthesis and the reverse cholesterol transport pathway in normal and altered thyroid hormone states. Thyroid hormone mediates these effects at the transcriptional and post-translational levels and via autophagy. Given these potentially beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it is possible that thyroid hormone analogues and/or mimetics might be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases involving the liver, such as hypercholesterolaemia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A. Sinha
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Brijesh K. Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Iwen KA, Oelkrug R, Brabant G. Effects of thyroid hormones on thermogenesis and energy partitioning. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R157-R170. [PMID: 29434028 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are of central importance for thermogenesis, energy homeostasis and metabolism. Here, we will discuss these aspects by focussing on the physiological aspects of TH-dependent regulation in response to cold exposure and fasting, which will be compared to alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In particular, we will summarise current knowledge on regional thyroid hormone status in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral cells. In contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, where parallel changes are observed, local alterations in the CNS differ to peripheral compartments when induced by cold exposure or fasting. Cold exposure is associated with low hypothalamic TH concentrations but increased TH levels in the periphery. Fasting results in a reversed TH pattern. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism disrupt these fine-tuned adaptive mechanisms and both, the hypothalamus and the periphery, will have the same TH status. These important mechanisms need to be considered when discussing thyroid hormone replacement and other therapeutical interventions to modulate TH status.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alexander Iwen
- Medizinische Klinik IExperimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyCenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyCenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Medizinische Klinik IExperimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Poklepovic A, Kirkwood J, Sander C, Avogadri-Connors F, Cutler RE, Lalani AS, Dent P. The levels of mutant K-RAS and mutant N-RAS are rapidly reduced in a Beclin1 / ATG5 -dependent fashion by the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 19:132-137. [PMID: 29219657 PMCID: PMC5790370 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1394556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The FDA approved irreversible inhibitor of ERBB1/2/4, neratinib, was recently shown to rapidly down-regulate the expression of ERBB1/2/4 as well as the levels of c-MET and mutant K-RAS via autophagic degradation. In the present studies, in a dose-dependent fashion, neratinib reduced the expression levels of mutant K-RAS or of mutant N-RAS, which was augmented in an additive to greater than additive fashion by the HDAC inhibitors sodium valproate and AR42. Neratinib could reduce PDGFRα levels in GBM cells, that was enhanced by sodium valproate. Knock down of Beclin1 or of ATG5 prevented neratinib and neratinib combined with sodium valproate / AR42 from reducing the expression of mutant N-RAS in established PDX and fresh PDX models of ovarian cancer and melanoma, respectively. Neratinib and the drug combinations caused the co-localization of mutant RAS proteins and ERBB2 with Beclin1 and cathepsin B. The drug combination activated the AMP-dependent protein kinase that was causal in enhancing HMG Co A reductase phosphorylation. Collectively, our data reinforce the concept that the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib has the potential for use in the treatment of tumors expressing mutant RAS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- b Department of Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - John Kirkwood
- d University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program , Hillman Cancer Research Pavilion Laboratory L1.32c, Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- d University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program , Hillman Cancer Research Pavilion Laboratory L1.32c, Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | | | - Richard E Cutler
- c Puma Biotechnology Inc . 1880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Alshad S Lalani
- c Puma Biotechnology Inc . 1880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Paul Dent
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Moreno M, Ortega F, Xifra G, Hong S, Asara JM, Serrano JCE, Jové M, Pissios P, Blüher M, Ricart W, Portero-Otin M, Fernández-Real JM. TSHB mRNA is linked to cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28646016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism is known to be associated with increased serum cholesterol. Since thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) exerts an inductor effect on cholesterol biosynthesis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TSH mRNA and cholesterol metabolism in human adipose tissue (AT). Cross-sectionally, AT TSH-β (TSHB) mRNA was evaluated in 4 independent cohorts in association with serum total and LDL cholesterol, and AT lipidomics. Longitudinally, the effects of statins and of diet and exercise on AT TSHB mRNA were also examined. The bidirectional relationship between cholesterol and TSHB were studied in isolated human adipocytes. TSHB mRNA was consistently detected in AT from euthyroid subjects, and positively associated with serum total- and LDL-cholesterol, and with AT-specific cholesterol metabolism-associated lipids [arachidonoyl cholesteryl ester, C8-dihydroceramide, N-stearoyl-d-sphingosine, and GlcCer(18:0, 24:1)]. Reduction of cholesterol with statins and with diet and exercise interventions led to decreased TSHB mRNA in human AT, whereas excess cholesterol up-regulated TSHB mRNA in human adipocytes. In addition, recombinant human TSH α/β administration resulted in increased HMGCR mRNA levels in human adipocytes. In mice, subcutaneous AT Tshb expression levels correlated directly with circulating cholesterol levels. In summary, current results provide novel evidence of TSHB as a paracrine factor that is modulated in parallel with cholesterol metabolism in human AT.-Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Moreno, M., Ortega, F., Xifra, G., Hong, S., Asara, J. M., Serrano, J. C. E., Jové, M., Pissios, P., Blüher, M., Ricart, W., Portero-Otin, M., Fernández-Real, J. M. TSHB mRNA is linked to cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Shangyu Hong
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José C E Serrano
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain; .,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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71
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Song Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Gao L. Cholesterol Synthesis Increased in the MMI-Induced Subclinical Hypothyroidism Mice Model. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:7921071. [PMID: 28386276 PMCID: PMC5366233 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7921071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and normal serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels as well as an increased serum cholesterol level, which is an important cause of secondary hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have demonstrated a direct effect of TSH on cholesterol metabolism via in vivo and in vitro experiments. However, because no suitable SCH model has been established until now, the changes in cholesterol synthesis that occur in SCH patients remain unknown. Here, we establish an SCH mouse model by using long-term low-dose MMI administered in drinking water. Compared with the control group, the MMI-treated mice had elevated circulating TSH levels, but the serum FT3 levels in these mice did not change. Additionally, the TC levels increased in both the serum and liver of the experimental mice. Both the protein expression and activity of hepatic HMGCR, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis in the liver, increased in these mice. We also found that the SCH mice had decreased phospho-HMGCR and phospho-AMPK expression, while the expression of AMPK showed no change. In conclusion, we established a suitable SCH model in which cholesterol synthesis is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- *Ling Gao:
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72
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He W, An X, Li L, Shao X, Li Q, Yao Q, Zhang JA. Relationship between Hypothyroidism and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:335. [PMID: 29238323 PMCID: PMC5712538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies propose that hypothyroidism might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but findings from published studies on the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD are still controversial. Our study aimed to make a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD through a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, China Dissertation Database, and EMBASE databases were searched to find observational studies assessing the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD through meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirteen articles were ultimately included in our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the 13 studies found a high correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.87, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of 9 studies providing adjusted ORs found that hypothyroidism was independently correlated with NAFLD (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.32-2.23, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis found that both overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly correlated with NAFLD, and the pooled ORs were 1.70 (95% CI 1.23-2.36, P = 0.002) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.10-1.77, P = 0.006), respectively. Besides, meta-analysis of studies providing adjusted ORs also found that both overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were independently correlated with NAFLD, and the pooled ORs were 1.81 (95% CI 1.30-2.52, P < 0.001) and 1.63 (95% CI 1.19-2.24, P = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis provides strong epidemiological evidence for the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Both individuals with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are at higher risk for NAFLD than euthyroid subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-an Zhang,
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73
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Mukai Y, Hoshi F, Sato S. Effect of fructose on the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in HepG2 cells stimulated with placental lactogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:206-210. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Work; Kanagawa University of Human Services; Kanagawa Japan
- Division of Health and Social Services, Graduate Course of Health and Social Work; Kanagawa University of Human Services Graduate School; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Fumika Hoshi
- Division of Health and Social Services, Graduate Course of Health and Social Work; Kanagawa University of Human Services Graduate School; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition; Aomori University of Health and Welfare; Aomori Japan
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Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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75
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Sorisky A. Subclinical Hypothyroidism - What is Responsible for its Association with Cardiovascular Disease? EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 12:96-98. [PMID: 29632595 PMCID: PMC5813449 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2016.12.02.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition, with prevalence estimates ranging from 4–20%, depending on the population demographics. Although epidemiological analysis associates it with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, clinical practice guidelines express uncertainty about whether to monitor or to treat. As we await large-scale, well-designed randomised clinical trials regarding treatment of SH, a review of pathophysiological considerations may be informative to better understand this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sorisky
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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76
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Li Z, Zhang H. Reprogramming of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism for cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:377-92. [PMID: 26499846 PMCID: PMC11108301 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely observed during cancer development to confer cancer cells the ability to survive and proliferate, even under the stressed, such as nutrient-limiting, conditions. It is famously known that cancer cells favor the "Warburg effect", i.e., the enhanced glycolysis or aerobic glycolysis, even when the ambient oxygen supply is sufficient. In addition, deregulated anabolism/catabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, especially glutamine, serine and glycine, have been identified to function as metabolic regulators in supporting cancer cell growth. Furthermore, extensive crosstalks are being revealed between the deregulated metabolic network and cancer cell signaling. These exciting advancements have inspired new strategies for treating various malignancies by targeting cancer metabolism. Here we review recent findings related to the regulation of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, their crosstalk, and relevant cancer therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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