101
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The landscape of targeted therapies for cholangiocarcinoma: current status and emerging targets. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46750-46767. [PMID: 27102149 PMCID: PMC5216834 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignancy that arises from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic, perihilar and distal biliary tree. Intrahepatic CCA (ICC) represents the second most common primary liver cancer, after hepatocellular cancer. Two-thirds of the patients with ICC present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Despite standard treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin, prognosis remains dismal with a median survival of less than one year. Several biological plausibilities can account for its poor clinical outcomes. First, despite the advent of next generation and whole exome sequencing, no oncogenic addiction loops have been validated as clinically actionable targets. Second, the anatomical, pathological and molecular heterogeneity, and rarity of CCA confer an ongoing challenge of instituting adequately powered clinical trials. Last, most of the studies were not biomarker-driven, which may undermine the potential benefit of targeted therapy in distinct subpopulations carrying the unique molecular signature. Recent whole genome sequencing efforts have identified known mutations in genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF) and tumor protein p53 (TP53), novel mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) and AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), and novel fusions such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1). In this review, we will discuss the evolving genetic landscape of CCA, with an in depth focus on novel fusions (e.g. FGFR2 and ROS1) and somatic mutations (e.g. IDH1/2), which are promising actionable molecular targets.
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102
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Xu L, Chen X, Shen M, Yang DR, Fang L, Weng G, Tsai Y, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO. Inhibition of IL-6-JAK/Stat3 signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells enhances the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via alteration of PD-L1/NKG2D ligand levels. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:269-286. [PMID: 28865178 PMCID: PMC5830627 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether IL‐6 signaling affects the susceptibility of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells to cytotoxic action of natural killer (NK) cells, CRPC cell lines (having different IL‐6 levels) were developed by lentiviral transduction. While observing no secreted IL‐6 level in parental C4‐2 and CWR22Rv1 cells, we found the IL‐6 expression/secretion in these cells was induced after the transduction process and the IL‐6 level difference in C4‐2siIL‐6/sc and CWR22siIL‐6/sc cell CRPC cell sets could be detected. We then found that IL‐6‐knockdown cells were more susceptible to NK cell cytotoxicity than control cells due to lowered programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and increased NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligand levels. In animal studies, to concur with the in vitro results, we found that IL‐6‐expressing cell‐derived tumors were more resistant to NK cell action than the tumors of IL‐6‐knockdown cells. Further, we discovered that JAK‐Stat3 is the most critical IL‐6 downstream signaling that modulates PD‐L1/NKG2D ligand levels in CRPC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the JAK or Stat3 signaling effectively increased the susceptibility of C4‐2sc and CWRsc cells to NK cell cytotoxicity. We observed the most effective cytotoxicity when the PD‐L1 Ab and JAK inhibitor (or Stat 3 inhibitor) were used together. These results suggest that the strategy of targeting IL‐6 signaling (or its downstream signaling) may enhance the NK cell‐mediated immune action to CRPC tumors, thus yielding clinical implications in developing future immunotherapeutics of exploiting this strategy to treat patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiJun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - XiaoDong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, China
| | - MingJing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laifu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Yin Zhou Hospital, China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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103
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Wang T, Fahrmann JF, Lee H, Li YJ, Tripathi SC, Yue C, Zhang C, Lifshitz V, Song J, Yuan Y, Somlo G, Jandial R, Ann D, Hanash S, Jove R, Yu H. JAK/STAT3-Regulated Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Is Critical for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance. Cell Metab 2018; 27:136-150.e5. [PMID: 29249690 PMCID: PMC5777338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical for cancer progression and chemoresistance. How lipid metabolism regulates CSCs and chemoresistance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that JAK/STAT3 regulates lipid metabolism, which promotes breast CSCs (BCSCs) and cancer chemoresistance. Inhibiting JAK/STAT3 blocks BCSC self-renewal and expression of diverse lipid metabolic genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B), which encodes the critical enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Moreover, mammary-adipocyte-derived leptin upregulates STAT3-induced CPT1B expression and FAO activity in BCSCs. Human breast-cancer-derived data suggest that the STAT3-CPT1B-FAO pathway promotes cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance. Blocking FAO and/or leptin re-sensitizes them to chemotherapy and inhibits BCSCs in mouse breast tumors in vivo. We identify a critical pathway for BCSC maintenance and breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; LA Cell and Sorrento Therapeutics Inc., 4955 Director's Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Johannes Francois Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Heehyoung Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; LA Cell and Sorrento Therapeutics Inc., 4955 Director's Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Chanyu Yue
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; LA Cell and Sorrento Therapeutics Inc., 4955 Director's Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Veronica Lifshitz
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jieun Song
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- Therapy Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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104
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A Jak2-selective inhibitor potently reverses the immune suppression by modulating the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:132-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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105
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Beyer U, Brand F, Martens H, Weder J, Christians A, Elyan N, Hentschel B, Westphal M, Schackert G, Pietsch T, Hong B, Krauss JK, Samii A, Raab P, Das A, Dumitru CA, Sandalcioglu IE, Hakenberg OW, Erbersdobler A, Lehmann U, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Reijns MAM, Preller M, Wiese B, Hartmann C, Weber RG. Rare ADAR and RNASEH2B variants and a type I interferon signature in glioma and prostate carcinoma risk and tumorigenesis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:905-922. [PMID: 29030706 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In search of novel germline alterations predisposing to tumors, in particular to gliomas, we studied a family with two brothers affected by anaplastic gliomas, and their father and paternal great-uncle diagnosed with prostate carcinoma. In this family, whole-exome sequencing yielded rare, simultaneously heterozygous variants in the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) genes ADAR and RNASEH2B co-segregating with the tumor phenotype. AGS is a genetically induced inflammatory disease particularly of the brain, which has not been associated with a consistently increased cancer risk to date. By targeted sequencing, we identified novel ADAR and RNASEH2B variants, and a 3- to 17-fold frequency increase of the AGS mutations ADAR,c.577C>G;p.(P193A) and RNASEH2B,c.529G>A;p.(A177T) in the germline of familial glioma patients as well as in test and validation cohorts of glioblastomas and prostate carcinomas versus ethnicity-matched controls, whereby rare RNASEH2B variants were significantly more frequent in familial glioma patients. Tumors with ADAR or RNASEH2B variants recapitulated features of AGS, such as calcification and increased type I interferon expression. Patients carrying ADAR or RNASEH2B variants showed upregulation of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts in peripheral blood as seen in AGS. An increased ISG expression was also induced by ADAR and RNASEH2B variants in tumor cells and was blocked by the JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Our data implicate rare variants in the AGS genes ADAR and RNASEH2B and a type I interferon signature in glioma and prostate carcinoma risk and tumorigenesis, consistent with a genetic basis underlying inflammation-driven malignant transformation in glioma and prostate carcinoma development.
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106
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HuoXueJieDu Formula Alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats by Inhibiting SOCS3-STAT3 and TIMP1-A2M Pathways. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:4832125. [PMID: 29318137 PMCID: PMC5727685 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4832125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HuoXueJieDu (HXJD) formula exerts protective effects against diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the diabetic rats were established using streptozocin. The administration of HXJD was initiated at 20 weeks after diabetes induction and continued for 12 weeks. Whole genome expression profiles in rat retinas were examined using microarray technology. Differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the microarray data, with validation through real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that 170 genes and several IPA canonical pathways related to inflammation, matrix metabolism, and phototransduction were regulated by HXJD. PCR validation of selected genes, including SOCS3, STAT3, TIMP1, and A2M, confirmed the gene expression changes influenced by HXJD. In addition, the immunohistochemical staining results suggested that critical members of the SOCS3-STAT3 pathway were also affected by HXJD. Taken together, these results indicated that SOCS3-STAT3 and TIMP1-A2M pathways might mediate the alleviation of HXJD activities in rats with diabetic retinopathy.
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107
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Wu P, Wu D, Zhao L, Huang L, Shen G, Huang J, Chai Y. Prognostic role of STAT3 in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19863-83. [PMID: 26959884 PMCID: PMC4991424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of the association between signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 3 (STAT3) expression and survival of human solid tumors. To address this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis with 63 studies identified from PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. We found STAT3 overexpression was significantly associated with worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.57 to 2.71, P < 0.00001) and 5-year OS (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.63, P < 0.00001) of human solid tumors. Similar results were observed when disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed that elevated STAT3 expression was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer, lung cancer, gliomas, hepatic cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer but better prognosis of breast cancer. The correlation between STAT3 and survival of solid tumors was related to its phosphorylated state. High expression level of STAT3 was also associated with advanced tumor stage. In conclusion, elevated STAT3 expression is associated with poor survival in most solid tumors. STAT3 is a valuable biomarker for prognosis prediction and a promising therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lijian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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108
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Gudernova I, Balek L, Varecha M, Kucerova JF, Kunova Bosakova M, Fafilek B, Palusova V, Uldrijan S, Trantirek L, Krejci P. Inhibitor repurposing reveals ALK, LTK, FGFR, RET and TRK kinases as the targets of AZD1480. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109319-109331. [PMID: 29312610 PMCID: PMC5752523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have failed to reach human use due to insufficient activity in clinical trials. However, the failed TKIs may still benefit patients if their other kinase targets are identified by providing treatment focused on syndromes driven by these kinases. Here, we searched for novel targets of AZD1480, an inhibitor of JAK2 kinase that recently failed phase two cancer clinical trials due to a lack of activity. Twenty seven human receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and 153 of their disease-associated mutants were in-cell profiled for activity in the presence of AZD1480 using a newly developed RTK plasmid library. We demonstrate that AZD1480 inhibits ALK, LTK, FGFR1-3, RET and TRKA-C kinases and uncover a physical basis of this specificity. The RTK activity profiling described here facilitates inhibitor repurposing by enabling rapid and efficient identification of novel TKI targets in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Gudernova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Palusova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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109
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Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Combretin A and Combretin B isolated from Combretum fragrans F. HOFFM (Combretaceae) leaves. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:1429-1440. [PMID: 29159717 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous pharmacological and phytochemical studies showed that, Combretum fragrans F. HOFFM (Combretaceae) is a Cameroonian medicinal plant possessing numerous therapeutic virtues and rich in various active secondary metabolites. In this study, we investigate in vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and, in vitro anticancer, anti-TNFα, ROS and NO-inhibitory activities of Combretum A and Combretin B, two triterpenes cycloartane-type isolated from the leaves of Combretum fragrans. The effect on ROS, TNF-α and NO production, anticancer activity and cytotoxicity assay were done using chemiluminescence technique, ELISA kit, colorimetric method, MCF-7 cells and MTT assay, respectively. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated using a model of acetic acid, formalin and carrageenan. Combretin A and Combretin B significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited extracellular ROS production. These compounds also significantly (p < 0.001) reduced TNF-α and NO production. Moreover, these compounds decreased cell viability of MCF-7 cell lines. For acetic acid- or formalin-induced pain, as well as carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, Combretin A and Combretin B exhibited significant (p < 0.001) anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential associated with inhibitory effects on ROS, TNFα and NO production in this study show that, Combretin A and Combretin B could be considered as the promising chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment and inflammatory disease.
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110
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Effects of apigenin pretreatment against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1799-1808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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111
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A pumpkin polysaccharide induces apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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112
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Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is central to signaling by receptors of diverse cytokines, growth factors, and other related molecules. Many of these receptors transmit anti-apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation signals that are critical for normal hematopoiesis and immune response. However, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is deregulated in many hematologic malignancies, and as such is co-opted by malignant cells to promote their survival and proliferation. It has recently come to light that an alternative mechanism, wherein nuclear JAKs epigenetically modify the chromatin to increase gene expression independent of STATs, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many hematologic malignancies. In this review, we will focus on common genetic alterations of the JAK family members in leukemia and lymphoma, and provide examples in which JAKs regulate gene expression by targeting the cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Drennan
- a Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Lixin Rui
- a Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
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113
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Lu Z, Hong CC, Jark PC, Assumpção ALFV, Bollig N, Kong G, Pan X. JAK1/2 Inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 Inhibit Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Growth by Increasing Apoptosis and Disrupting Cell Proliferation. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1804-1815. [PMID: 28960447 PMCID: PMC5697192 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and aggressive hematologic malignancy. The lack of conventional therapies with sustainable efficacy warrants further investigation of novel therapeutics. The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies in humans including DLBCLs. AZD1480 and CYT387 are novel JAK1/2 inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials for treating various hematologic cancers in humans. No studies have characterized the antitumor effects of JAK inhibitors on DLBCL in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesize that JAK1/2 inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 can effectively inhibit growth of canine DLBCL in vitro. We aim to assess the antitumor activity of AZD1480 and CYT387 in canine DLBCL and to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods In vitro study of canine lymphoma cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays. Results A significant decrease in viable canine lymphoma cells was observed after AZD1480 and CYT387 treatments. In addition, AZD1480 and CYT387 treatment resulted in decreased lymphoma cell proliferation and increased early apoptosis. Conclusion and Clinical Importance AZD1480 and CYT387 inhibit canine lymphoma cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings justify further phase I/II clinical investigations of the safety and efficacy of JAK1/2 inhibitors in canine DLBCL and suggest new opportunities for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - C C Hong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - P C Jark
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Universidae Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho-Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F V Assumpção
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - N Bollig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - G Kong
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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114
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Ilyas SI, Gores GJ. Emerging molecular therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2017; 67:632-644. [PMID: 28389139 PMCID: PMC5563275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are diverse epithelial tumors arising from the liver or large bile ducts with features of cholangiocyte differentiation. CCAs are classified anatomically into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal CCA (dCCA). Each subtype has distinct risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic options, and prognosis. CCA is an aggressive malignancy with a poor overall prognosis and median survival of less than 2years in patients with advanced disease. Potentially curative surgical treatment options are limited to the subset of patients with early-stage disease. Presently, the available systemic medical therapies for advanced or metastatic CCA have limited therapeutic efficacy. Molecular alterations define the differences in biological behavior of each CCA subtype. Recent comprehensive genetic analysis has better characterized the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of each CCA subtype. Promising candidates for targeted, personalized therapy have emerged, including potential driver fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene fusions and somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 in iCCA, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) or beta (PRKACB) gene fusions in pCCA, and ELF3 mutations in dCCA/ampullary carcinoma. A precision genomic medicine approach is dependent on an enhanced understanding of driver mutations in each subtype and stratification of patients according to their genetic drivers. We review the current genomic landscape of CCA, the potentially actionable molecular aberrations in each CCA subtype, and the role of immunotherapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Verstovsek S, Mesa RA, Salama ME, Li L, Pitou C, Nunes FP, Price GL, Giles JL, D'Souza DN, Walgren RA, Prchal JT. A phase 1 study of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F inhibitor, gandotinib (LY2784544), in patients with primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia. Leuk Res 2017; 61:89-95. [PMID: 28934680 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia-chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, including primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia. Gandotinib (LY2784544), a potent inhibitor of JAK2 activity, shows increased potency for the JAK2V617F mutation. The study had a standard 3+3 dose-escalation design to define the maximum-tolerated dose. Primary objectives were to determine safety, tolerability, and recommended oral daily dose of gandotinib for patients with JAK2V617F-positive myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, or polycythemia vera. Secondary objectives included estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and documenting evidence of efficacy by measuring clinical improvement. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled and treated (31 myelofibrosis, 6 polycythemia vera, 1 essential thrombocythemia). The maximum-tolerated dose of gandotinib was 120mg daily, based on dose-limiting toxicities of blood creatinine increase or hyperuricemia at higher doses. Maximum plasma concentration was reached 4h after single and multiple doses, and mean half-life on day 1 was approximately 6h. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events were diarrhea (55.3%) and nausea (42.1%), a majority of which were of grade 1 severity. Best response of clinical improvement was achieved by 29% of myelofibrosis patients. A ≥50% palpable spleen length reduction was observed at any time during therapy in 20/32 evaluable patients. Additionally, ≥50% reduction in the Total Symptom Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form Score was seen in 11/21 (52%) and 6/14 patients (43%) receiving ≥120mg at 12 and 24 weeks respectively. Gandotinib demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, and findings at the maximum-tolerated dose of 120mg supported further clinical testing. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01134120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdan Verstovsek
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 5881 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- University of Utah School of Medicine, ARUP Reference Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, MS 115-G-4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Li Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Celine Pitou
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Fabio P Nunes
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Gregory L Price
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Giles
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Deborah N D'Souza
- inVentiv Health Clinical, 225 S. East Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Richard A Walgren
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Josef T Prchal
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Protects Against α-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5144-59. [PMID: 27147665 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4658-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parkinson's Disease (PD) is an age-related, chronic neurodegenerative disorder. At present, there are no disease-modifying therapies to prevent PD progression. Activated microglia and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Accumulation of α-synuclein (α-SYN) in the brain is a core feature of PD and leads to microglial activation, inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, and ultimately to neurodegeneration. Given the importance of the JAK/STAT pathway in activating microglia and inducing cytokine/chemokine expression, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway using the JAK1/2 inhibitor, AZD1480. In vitro, α-SYN exposure activated the JAK/STAT pathway in microglia and macrophages, and treatment with AZD1480 inhibited α-SYN-induced major histocompatibility complex Class II and inflammatory gene expression in microglia and macrophages by reducing STAT1 and STAT3 activation. For in vivo studies, we used a rat model of PD induced by viral overexpression of α-SYN. AZD1480 treatment inhibited α-SYN-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing microglial activation, macrophage and CD4(+) T-cell infiltration and production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Numerous genes involved in cell-cell signaling, nervous system development and function, inflammatory diseases/processes, and neurological diseases are enhanced in the substantia nigra of rats with α-SYN overexpression, and inhibited upon treatment with AZD1480. Importantly, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway prevented the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo These results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway can prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by suppressing activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to α-SYN. Furthermore, this suggests the feasibility of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway as a neuroprotective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT α-SYN plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PD through initiation of neuroinflammatory responses. Using an α-SYN overexpression PD model, we demonstrate a beneficial therapeutic effect of AZD1480, a specific inhibitor of JAK1/2, in suppressing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Our findings document that inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway influences both innate and adaptive immune responses by suppressing α-SYN-induced microglia and macrophage activation and CD4(+) T-cell recruitment into the CNS, ultimately suppressing neurodegeneration. These findings are the first documentation that suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway disrupts the circuitry of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, thus attenuating PD pathogenesis. JAK inhibitors may be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of PD patients.
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Liu D, Huang Y, Zhang L, Liang DN, Li L. Activation of Janus kinase 1 confers poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3959-3966. [PMID: 28989534 PMCID: PMC5620486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) has been reported to occur in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), activating the JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription cascade. However, the association between JAK1 activation and the prognostic value in NSCLC remains unclear. The present study initially investigated the association between expression of the activated form of JAK1 (p-JAK1) and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. A cohort of 142 resected primary NSCLC tissue samples, including 74 adenocarcinoma (ADCC) and 68 squamous cell carcinoma samples, were analyzed. p-JAK1 expression status was determined by immunohistochemistry. Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization was subsequently performed in 74 ADCC samples. The prognostic significance of p-JAK1 expression and EGFR gene amplification were evaluated with univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Compared with normal lung tissue, p-JAK1 expression level was significantly increased in NSCLC (P<0.001). Positive p-JAK1 expression indicated a poor prognosis, particularly for patients in early stages (stage I/II, including tumor size <3 cm, Lymph node invasion N0/1; all P<0.05). p-JAK1 expression was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis (P=0.022). The overall survival time for patients with positive p-JAK1 expression and EGFR-amplified tumors was significantly shortened compared with patients with tumors negative for one or both features (both features present vs. neither feature present, P<0.001). The results provided clinical evidence that the activation of JAK1 was an independent prognostic factor, particularly in early stage NSCLC. The combination of EGFR gene amplification and p-JAK1 expression may be a novel target for the selection of individual therapy strategies and predicting the effects of therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610093, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ni Liang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610093, P.R. China
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You Z, Timilshina M, Jeong BS, Chang JH. BJ-2266 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through down-regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1488-1500. [PMID: 28681958 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets upon antigenic stimulation. Cytokines, and micro-environmental factors present during T-cell priming, direct differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. From extensive screening of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol derivatives with various functional groups at C(6)-position, BJ-2266, a 6-thioureido-derivative, showed potent inhibitory activity on in vitro T helper (Th)-cell differentiation. This compound inhibited IFN-γ and IL-17 production from polyclonal CD4+ T cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4+ T cells that were activated by T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. We assessed the inhibitory effect of BJ-2266 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results suggest that BJ-2266 treatment significantly suppresses EAE disease progression with reduced generation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Notably, Th-cell differentiation was significantly suppressed by BJ-2266 treatment with no effect on apoptosis, activation and proliferation of activated T cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of BJ-2266 treated MOG-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells led to a lower EAE disease score and better clinical recovery from EAE. The underlying mechanism of BJ-2266 effect involved the inhibition of JAK/STAT phosphorylation that is critical for Th-cell differentiation. We conclude that BJ-2266 regulates the JAK/STAT pathway in response to cytokine signals and subsequently suppresses the differentiation of Th-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei You
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Lifshitz V, Priceman SJ, Li W, Cherryholmes G, Lee H, Makovski-Silverstein A, Borriello L, DeClerck YA, Yu H. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Promotes Environment-Mediated and Acquired Chemoresistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2516-2527. [PMID: 28716816 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major barrier for the development of effective and durable cancer therapies. Overcoming this challenge requires further defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance, both acquired and environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR). Here, using neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer with high incidence of recurrence due to resistance to chemotherapy, as a model we show that human bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells induce tumor expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), leading to their resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting S1PR1 by shRNA markedly enhances etoposide-induced apoptosis in NB cells and abrogates EMDR, while overexpression of S1PR1 significantly protects NB cells from multidrug-induced apoptosis via activating JAK-STAT3 signaling. Elevated S1PR1 expression and STAT3 activation are also observed in human NB cells with acquired resistance to etoposide. We show in vitro and in human NB xenograft models that treatment with FTY720, an FDA-approved drug and antagonist of S1PR1, dramatically sensitizes drug-resistant cells to etoposide. In summary, we identify S1PR1 as a critical target for reducing both EMDR and acquired chemoresistance in NB. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2516-27. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lifshitz
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Gregory Cherryholmes
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Heehyoung Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Adar Makovski-Silverstein
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
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Lei RE, Shi C, Zhang PL, Hu BL, Jiang HX, Qin SY. IL-9 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular cancer cells by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7940-7946. [PMID: 31966644 PMCID: PMC6965289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of IL-9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effect of IL-9 on HCC cells and the underlying signaling pathway. HCC cell lines SMMC-7721 was treated by IL-9, and the activities of cells were tested. The expression of JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western Blot assay. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. SMMC-7721 cells were pre-treated with AG490, which is the inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and then incubated with IL-9. The expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was detected, and the activities of SMMC-7721 cells was tested. The data showed that IL-9 significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Exposure to IL-9 increased the activation of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2, and increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF at the same time. Suppression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway by AG490 attenuated the promotive effects of IL-9 on SMMC-7721 cells, and reduced the expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. The present study demonstrated that IL-9 promotes the proliferation and metastasis in HCC cells and the effect may partly through the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-E Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Darvishi B, Farahmand L, Eslami-S Z, Majidzadeh-A K. NF-κB as the main node of resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317706919. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Eslami-S
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
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123
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Xu Y, Jin J, Xu J, Shao YW, Fan Y. JAK2 variations and functions in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639892 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Nam SY, Han NR, Yoon KW, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), an anticancer agent, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in activated human mast cells. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:871-879. [PMID: 28616734 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation has been closely associated with the development and progression of cancer. Previously, we reported that mast cells play a critical role in tumor growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an anticancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), on an activated human mast cell line, in this case HMC-1 cells. METHODS We evaluated the effect and specific molecular mechanism of Dp44mT on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) using HMC-1 cells. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that Dp44mT significantly decreased the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor without exposing activated HMC-1 cells to any cytotoxicity. In activated mast cells, Dp44mT mitigated the strong production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, in this case, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, through a blockade of caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB activities. Furthermore, phosphorylations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family included in inflammatory signaling cascades were significantly inhibited by a Dp44mT treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that the anticancer agent Dp44mT has an anti-inflammatory effect and may be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, 20, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hoseo University, 20, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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125
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Yoon KB, Cho SY, An SJ, Park KR, Lee HJ, Yoon HS, Lee SM, Kim YC, Han SY. Characterization of the aminopyridine derivative KRC-180 as a JAK2 inhibitor. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1347-1354. [PMID: 28789350 PMCID: PMC5529941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Deregulation of JAK2 signaling has previously been observed in hematologic malignancies, including erythroleukemia. In the present study, an aminopyridine derivative compound, KRC-180, exhibited direct inhibition of the JAK2 protein at the catalytic site, as demonstrated using in vitro kinase activity assays and docking analyses. In addition, KRC-180 reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, downstream signaling molecules of JAK2. The growth of HEL92.1.7 erythroleukemia cells harboring a constitutively activated form of JAK2 was suppressed by KRC-180 treatment; KRC-180 induced apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest. The results of the present study indicate that KRC-180 is a JAK2 inhibitor with anti-leukemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Bin Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Bio-organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ryang Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sung Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
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Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-6 and TNF- α Increased Telomerase Activity through NF- κB/STAT1/STAT3 Activation, and Withaferin A Inhibited the Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5958429. [PMID: 28676732 PMCID: PMC5476880 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5958429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increasing evidences of proinflammatory cytokine involvement in cancer development. Here, we found that two cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, activated colorectal cancer cells to be more invasive and stem-like. Combined treatment of IL-6 and TNF-α phosphorylated transcription factors STAT3 in a synergistic manner. STAT3, STAT1, and NF-κB physically interacted upon the cytokine stimulation. STAT3 was bound to the promoter region of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). IL-6 and TNF-α stimulation further enhanced STAT3 binding affinity. Stem cell marker Oct-4 was upregulated in colorectal cancer cells upon IL-6 and TNF-α stimulation. Withaferin A, an anti-inflammatory steroidal lactone, inhibited the IL-6- and TNF-α-induced cancer cell invasion and decreased colonosphere formation. Notably, withaferin A inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and abolished the STAT3, STAT1, and NF-κB interactions. Oct-4 expression was also downregulated by withaferin A inhibition. The binding of STAT3 to the hTERT promoter region and telomerase activity showed reduction with withaferin A treatments. Proinflammatory cytokine-induced cancer cell invasiveness is mediated by a STAT3-regulated mechanism in colorectal cancer cells. Our data suggest that withaferin A could be a promising anticancer agent that effectively inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Trivedi PM, Graham KL, Scott NA, Jenkins MR, Majaw S, Sutherland RM, Fynch S, Lew AM, Burns CJ, Krishnamurthy B, Brodnicki TC, Mannering SI, Kay TW, Thomas HE. Repurposed JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor Reverses Established Autoimmune Insulitis in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1650-1660. [PMID: 28292965 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapeutics have not yet changed the routine management of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. There is an opportunity to repurpose therapeutics used to treat other diseases to treat type 1 diabetes, especially when there is evidence for overlapping mechanisms. Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitors are in development or clinical use for indications including rheumatoid arthritis. There is good evidence for activation of the JAK1/JAK2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 pathway in human type 1 diabetes and in mouse models, especially in β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that using these drugs to block the JAK-STAT pathway would prevent autoimmune diabetes. The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocked the effect of cytokines on mouse and human β-cells by inhibiting MHC class I upregulation. This prevented the direct interaction between CD8+ T cells and β-cells, and reduced immune cell infiltration into islets. NOD mice treated with AZD1480 were protected from autoimmune diabetes, and diabetes was reversed in newly diagnosed NOD mice. This provides mechanistic groundwork for repurposing clinically approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerak M Trivedi
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Graham
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Scott
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Robyn M Sutherland
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas C Brodnicki
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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128
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Oyler-Yaniv J, Oyler-Yaniv A, Shakiba M, Min NK, Chen YH, Cheng SY, Krichevsky O, Altan-Bonnet N, Altan-Bonnet G. Catch and Release of Cytokines Mediated by Tumor Phosphatidylserine Converts Transient Exposure into Long-Lived Inflammation. Mol Cell 2017; 66:635-647.e7. [PMID: 28575659 PMCID: PMC6611463 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells constantly survey the host for pathogens or tumors and secrete cytokines to alert surrounding cells of these threats. In vivo, activated immune cells secrete cytokines for several hours, yet an acute immune reaction occurs over days. Given these divergent timescales, we addressed how cytokine-responsive cells translate brief cytokine exposure into phenotypic changes that persist over long timescales. We studied melanoma cell responses to transient exposure to the cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) by combining a systems-scale analysis of gene expression dynamics with computational modeling and experiments. We discovered that IFNγ is captured by phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of viable cells both in vitro and in vivo then slowly released to drive long-term transcription of cytokine-response genes. This mechanism introduces an additional function for PS in dynamically regulating inflammation across diverse cancer and primary cell types and has potential to usher in new immunotherapies targeting PS and inflammatory pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Computational Biology
- Computer Simulation
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphatidylserines/immunology
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Oyler-Yaniv
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alon Oyler-Yaniv
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Mojdeh Shakiba
- Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nina K Min
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oleg Krichevsky
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Kats Center for Nanoscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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129
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Morris EJ, Kawamura E, Gillespie JA, Balgi A, Kannan N, Muller WJ, Roberge M, Dedhar S. Stat3 regulates centrosome clustering in cancer cells via Stathmin/PLK1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15289. [PMID: 28474672 PMCID: PMC5424153 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently have amplified centrosomes that must be clustered together to form a bipolar mitotic spindle, and targeting centrosome clustering is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. A high-content chemical screen for inhibitors of centrosome clustering identified Stattic, a Stat3 inhibitor. Stat3 depletion and inhibition in cancer cell lines and in tumours in vivo caused significant inhibition of centrosome clustering and viability. Here we describe a transcription-independent mechanism for Stat3-mediated centrosome clustering that involves Stathmin, a Stat3 interactor involved in microtubule depolymerization, and the mitotic kinase PLK1. Furthermore, PLK4-driven centrosome amplified breast tumour cells are highly sensitive to Stat3 inhibitors. We have identified an unexpected role of Stat3 in the regulation of centrosome clustering, and this role of Stat3 may be critical in identifying tumours that are sensitive to Stat3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Morris
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Eiko Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Jordan A. Gillespie
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Aruna Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - William J. Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A3
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2
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130
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Rahnemai-Azar AA, Weisbrod AB, Dillhoff M, Schmidt C, Pawlik TM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: current management and emerging therapies. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:439-449. [PMID: 28317403 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1309290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a malignancy with an increasing incidence and a high-case fatality. While surgery offers the best hope at long-term survival, only one-third of tumors are amenable to surgical resection at the time of the diagnosis. Unfortunately, conventional chemotherapy offers limited survival benefit in the management of unresectable or metastatic disease. Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of iCCA and the use of next-generation sequencing techniques have provided a chance to identify 'target-able' molecular aberrations. These novel molecular therapies offer the promise to personalize therapy for patients with iCCA and, in turn, improve the outcomes of patients. Area covered: We herein review the current management options for iCCA with a focus on defining both established and emerging therapies. Expert commentary: Surgical resection remains as an only hope for cure in iCCA patients. However, frequently the diagnosis is delayed till advanced stages when surgery cannot be offered; signifying the urge for specific diagnostic tumor biomarkers and targeted therapies. New advances in genomic profiling have contributed to a better understanding of the landscape of molecular alterations in iCCA and offer hope for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Rahnemai-Azar
- a Department of Surgery , University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Allison B Weisbrod
- b Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- b Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Carl Schmidt
- b Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- b Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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131
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Su J, Zhang Q, Qi H, Wu L, Li Y, Yu D, Huang W, Chen WD, Wang YD. The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor Gpbar1 (TGR5) protects against renal inflammation and renal cancer cell proliferation and migration through antagonizing NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54378-54387. [PMID: 28903349 PMCID: PMC5589588 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gpbar1 (TGR5), a G-protein-coupled bile acid membrane receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. In the current work, we found that TGR5 activation by its ligand suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory gene expression in wild-type (WT) but not TGR5-/- mouse kidney. Furthermore, we found that TGR5 is a suppressor of kidney cancer cell proliferation and migration. We show that TGR5 activation antagonized NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways through suppressing the phosphorylation of IκBα, the translocation of p65 and the phosphorylation of STAT3. TGR5 overexpression with ligand treatment inhibited gene expression mediated by NF-κB and STAT3. These results suggest that TGR5 antagonizes kidney inflammation and kidney cancer cell proliferation and migration at least in part by inhibiting NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. These findings identify TGR5 may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for human renal inflammation related diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Donna Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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132
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Brivio S, Cadamuro M, Strazzabosco M, Fabris L. Tumor reactive stroma in cholangiocarcinoma: The fuel behind cancer aggressiveness. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:455-468. [PMID: 28396716 PMCID: PMC5368623 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i9.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive epithelial malignancy still carrying a dismal prognosis, owing to early lymph node metastatic dissemination and striking resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Although mechanisms underpinning CCA progression are still a conundrum, it is now increasingly recognized that the desmoplastic microenvironment developing in conjunction with biliary carcinogenesis, recently renamed tumor reactive stroma (TRS), behaves as a paramount tumor-promoting driver. Indeed, once being recruited, activated and dangerously co-opted by neoplastic cells, the cellular components of the TRS (myofibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells) continuously rekindle malignancy by secreting a huge variety of soluble factors (cyto/chemokines, growth factors, morphogens and proteinases). Furthermore, these factors are long-term stored within an abnormally remodeled extracellular matrix (ECM), which in turn can deleteriously mold cancer cell behavior. In this review, we will highlight evidence for the active role played by reactive stromal cells (as well as by the TRS-associated ECM) in CCA progression, including an overview of the most relevant TRS-derived signals possibly fueling CCA cell aggressiveness. Hopefully, a deeper knowledge of the paracrine communications reciprocally exchanged between cancer and stromal cells will steer the development of innovative, combinatorial therapies, which can finally hinder the progression of CCA, as well as of other cancer types with abundant TRS, such as pancreatic and breast carcinomas.
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133
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Obinata D, Takayama K, Takahashi S, Inoue S. Crosstalk of the Androgen Receptor with Transcriptional Collaborators: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E22. [PMID: 28264478 PMCID: PMC5366817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among males in Western countries. It is also the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in Japan. The progression of prostate cancer is mainly influenced by androgens and the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy is an established therapy for advanced prostate cancer; however, prostate cancers frequently develop resistance to low testosterone levels and progress to the fatal stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surprisingly, AR and the AR signaling pathway are still activated in most CRPC cases. To overcome this problem, abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were introduced for the treatment of CRPC. Despite the impact of these drugs on prolonged survival, CRPC acquires further resistance to keep the AR pathway activated. Functional molecular studies have shown that some of the AR collaborative transcription factors (TFs), including octamer transcription factor (OCT1), GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), still stimulate AR activity in the castration-resistant state. Therefore, elucidating the crosstalk between the AR and collaborative TFs on the AR pathway is critical for developing new strategies for the treatment of CRPC. Recently, many compounds targeting this pathway have been developed for treating CRPC. In this review, we summarize the AR signaling pathway in terms of AR collaborators and focus on pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide as a candidate compound for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Takayama
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
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134
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Panse G, Leung CH, Ingram DR, Wani K, Torres KE, Lin H, Lazar AJ, Wang WL. The role of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Histopathology 2017; 70:946-953. [PMID: 27992966 DOI: 10.1111/his.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS STAT3 is a pro-oncogenic transcription factor that requires phosphorylation for transcriptional activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression in neurofibromas, schwannomas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-six neurofibromas, 62 schwannomas and 39 MPNSTs from a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarray were examined. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-pSTAT3 (Tyr705) antibody. Nuclear expression was reviewed for both intensity and percentage of tumoral labelling. Distributions of disease-specific overall survival (DSOS) and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared between two pSTAT3 groups by use of the log-rank test. MPNSTs had higher median tumoral labelling than neurofibromas (P = 0.0012) or schwannomas (P = 0.0008). Moderate to strong pSTAT3 expression (defined as at least moderate labelling in ≥50% of cells) was found more frequently in MPNSTs than in neurofibromas (P = 0.026). Among MPNSTs, pSTAT3 expression differed between primary, recurrent and metastatic disease (P = 0.063 with increased expression in recurrent and metastatic cases). pSTAT3 expression (at least moderate labelling in ≥10% of cells) in primary MPNSTs was associated with worse DSOS (P = 0.048) and trended towards being associated with worse EFS (P = 0.063). Paired specimens revealed no increase in pSTAT3 expression in the recurrences or metastases relative to the primary tumour, suggesting that pSTAT3 expression may be an early indicator of aggressive disease at disease onset. CONCLUSIONS pSTAT3 is expressed in a higher proportion of MPNSTs than neurofibromas and schwannomas. Moderate to strong pSTAT3 expression in ≥10% of cells was found to be a negative prognostic factor for DSOS among primary MPNSTs, suggesting a role of pSTAT3 in the progression of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Panse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheuk H Leung
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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135
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Pal SK, Pham A, Vuong W, Liu X, Lin Y, Ruel N, Yuh BE, Chan K, Wilson T, Lerner SP, McConkey D, Jove R, Liang W. Prognostic Significance of Neutrophilic Infiltration in Benign Lymph Nodes in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:130-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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136
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Wang Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Ren Y, Li Z, Yao X, Zhang C, Ye N, Jing C, Dong J, Zhang K, Sun S, Zhao M, Guo W, Qu X, Qiao Y, Chen H, Kong L, Jin R, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shen Q, Zhou X. Suppression of the Growth and Invasion of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas via Regulating STAT3 Signaling and the miR-21/β-catenin Axis with HJC0152. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:578-590. [PMID: 28138036 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the tumor growth and metastasis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is therefore a target with therapeutic potential. In this study, we show that HJC0152, a recently developed anticancer agent and a STAT3 signaling inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor effects against HNSCC both in vitro and in vivo via inactivating STAT3 and downstream miR-21/β-catenin axis. HJC0152 treatment efficiently suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0-G1 phase, induced apoptosis, and reduced cell invasion in both SCC25 and CAL27 cell lines. Moreover, HJC0152 inhibited nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 at Tyr705 and decreased VHL/β-catenin signaling activity via regulation of miR-21. Loss of function of VHL remarkably compromised the antitumor effect of HJC0152 in both cell lines. In our SCC25-derived orthotopic mouse models, HJC0152 treatment significantly abrogated STAT3/β-catenin expression in vivo, leading to a global decrease of tumor growth and invasion. With its favorable aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, HJC0152 holds the potential to be translated into the clinic as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 578-90. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Chao Jing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiabin Dong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xin Qu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Lingping Kong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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137
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Zhu F, Dai C, Fu Y, Loo JFC, Xia D, Gao SP, Ma Z, Chen Z. Physalin A exerts anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by suppressing JAK/STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9462-76. [PMID: 26843613 PMCID: PMC4891052 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of various human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of physalin A, a bioactive withanolide derived from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti used in traditional Chinese medicine, was evaluated in human NSCLC cells. Its and determined whether it effect oninhibited both constitutive and induced STAT3 activity, through repressing the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and JAK3, resulting in anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects on NSCLC cells was also determined, and. theThe antitumor effects of physalin A were also validated usingin an in vivo mouse xenograft models of NSCLC cells. Physalin A had anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in NSCLC cells with constitutively activated STAT3; it also suppressed both constitutive and induced STAT3 activity by modulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3. Furthermore, physalin A abrogated the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STAT3, thereby decreasing the expression levels of STAT3, its target genes, such as Bcl-2 and XIAP. Knockdown of STAT3 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of physalin A in NSCLC cells. Moreover, physalin A significantly suppressed tumor xenograft growth. Thus, as an inhibitor of JAK2/3-STAT3 signaling, physalin A, has potent anti-tumor activities, which may facilitate the development of a therapeutic strategy for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yufei Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jacky F C Loo
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dajin Xia
- Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sizhi P Gao
- HOPP, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology and Natural Products, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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138
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Korneev KV, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Grivennikov SI, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis. Cytokine 2017; 89:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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139
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Rajappa P, Cobb WS, Vartanian E, Huang Y, Daly L, Hoffman C, Zhang J, Shen B, Yanowitch R, Garg K, Cisse B, Haddock S, Huse J, Pisapia DJ, Chan TA, Lyden DC, Bromberg JF, Greenfield JP. Malignant Astrocytic Tumor Progression Potentiated by JAK-mediated Recruitment of Myeloid Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3109-3119. [PMID: 28039266 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: While the tumor microenvironment has been known to play an integral role in tumor progression, the function of nonresident bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) remains to be determined in neurologic tumors. Here we identified the contribution of BMDC recruitment in mediating malignant transformation from low- to high-grade gliomas.Experimental Design: We analyzed human blood and tumor samples from patients with low- and high-grade gliomas. A spontaneous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) murine glioma model (RCAS) was utilized to recapitulate human disease progression. Levels of CD11b+/GR1+ BMDCs were analyzed at discrete stages of tumor progression. Using bone marrow transplantation, we determined the unique influence of BMDCs in the transition from low- to high-grade glioma. The functional role of these BMDCs was then examined using a JAK 1/2 inhibitor (AZD1480).Results: CD11b+ myeloid cells were significantly increased during tumor progression in peripheral blood and tumors of glioma patients. Increases in CD11b+/GR1+ cells were observed in murine peripheral blood, bone marrow, and tumors during low-grade to high-grade transformation. Transient blockade of CD11b+ cell expansion using a JAK 1/2 Inhibitor (AZD1480) impaired mobilization of these cells and was associated with a reduction in tumor volume, maintenance of a low-grade tumor phenotype, and prolongation in survival.Conclusions: We demonstrate that impaired recruitment of CD11b+ myeloid cells with a JAK1/2 inhibitor inhibits glioma progression in vivo and prolongs survival in a murine glioma model. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3109-19. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Rajappa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - William S Cobb
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Emma Vartanian
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Laura Daly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Caitlin Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Beiyi Shen
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Yanowitch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kunal Garg
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Babacar Cisse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sara Haddock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason Huse
- Department of Pathology and, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J Pisapia
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, New York, New York
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David C Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey P Greenfield
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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140
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Jung JG, Shih IM, Park JT, Gerry E, Kim TH, Ayhan A, Handschuh K, Davidson B, Fader AN, Selleri L, Wang TL. Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance Relies on the Stem Cell Reprogramming Factor PBX1. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6351-6361. [PMID: 27590741 PMCID: PMC7375390 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of chemoresistance is a fundamental characteristic of cancer that ultimately hampers its clinical management. However, it may be possible to improve patient outcomes significantly by a better understanding of resistance mechanisms, which cancers rely upon during the evolution to an untreatable state. Here we report an essential role of the stem cell reprogramming factor, PBX1, in mediating chemoresistance in ovarian carcinomas. In the clinical setting, high levels of PBX1 expression correlated with shorter survival in post-chemotherapy ovarian cancer patients. In tumor cells with low endogenous levels of PBX1, its enforced expression promoted cancer stem cell-like phenotypes, including most notably an increase in resistance to platinum-based therapy used most commonly for treating this disease. Conversely, silencing PBX1 in platinum-resistant cells that overexpressed PBX1 sensitized them to platinum treatment and reduced their stem-like properties. An analysis of published genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data indicated that PBX1 binds directly to promoters of genes involved in stem cell maintenance and the response to tissue injury. We confirmed direct regulation of one of these genes, STAT3, demonstrating that the PBX1 binding motif at its promoter acted to positively regulate STAT3 transcription. We further demonstrated that a STAT3/JAK2 inhibitor could potently sensitize platinum-resistant cells to carboplatin and suppress their growth in vivo Our findings offer a mechanistic rationale to target the PBX1/STAT3 axis to antagonize a key mechanism of chemoresistance in ovarian cancers and possibly other human cancers. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6351-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Gerry
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tae Hoen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ayse Ayhan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Karen Handschuh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda N Fader
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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141
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Epigenetic gene regulation by Janus kinase 1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7260-E7267. [PMID: 27799566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610970113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) classically signal by activating STAT transcription factors but can also regulate gene expression by epigenetically phosphorylating histone H3 on tyrosine 41 (H3Y41-P). In diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), JAK signaling is a feature of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype and is triggered by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10. Whether this signaling involves STAT activation, epigenetic modification of chromatin, or both mechanisms is unknown. Here we use genetic and pharmacological inhibition to show that JAK1 signaling sustains the survival of ABC DLBCL cells. Whereas STAT3 contributed to the survival of ABC DLBCL cell lines, forced STAT3 activity could not protect these cells from death following JAK1 inhibition, suggesting epigenetic JAK1 action. JAK1 regulated the expression of nearly 3,000 genes in ABC DLBCL cells, and the chromatin surrounding many of these genes was modified by H3Y41-P marks that were diminished by JAK1 inhibition. These JAK1 epigenetic target genes encode important regulators of ABC DLBCL proliferation and survival, including IRF4, MYD88, and MYC. A small molecule JAK1 inhibitor cooperated with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in reducing IRF4 levels and acted synergistically to kill ABC DLBCL cells, suggesting that this combination should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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142
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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143
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Dichotomy of cellular inhibition by small-molecule inhibitors revealed by single-cell analysis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12428. [PMID: 27687249 PMCID: PMC5056434 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in drug development, a quantitative and physiological understanding of how small-molecule inhibitors act on cells is lacking. Here, we measure the signalling and proliferative response of individual primary T-lymphocytes to a combination of antigen, cytokine and drug. We uncover two distinct modes of signalling inhibition: digital inhibition (the activated fraction of cells diminishes upon drug treatment, but active cells appear unperturbed), versus analogue inhibition (the activated fraction is unperturbed whereas activation response is diminished). We introduce a computational model of the signalling cascade that accounts for such inhibition dichotomy, and test the model predictions for the phenotypic variability of cellular responses. Finally, we demonstrate that the digital/analogue dichotomy of cellular response as revealed on short (signal transduction) timescales, translates into similar dichotomy on longer (proliferation) timescales. Our single-cell analysis of drug action illustrates the strength of quantitative approaches to translate in vitro pharmacology into functionally relevant cellular settings. Many drugs are small molecule inhibitors of cell signalling. Through single cell analysis and mathematical modelling here the authors show that cell-to-cell variability diversifies inhibition response into digital and analogue, and that the two translate into distinct long-term functional responses.
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144
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Bu LL, Zhao ZL, Liu JF, Ma SR, Huang CF, Liu B, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. STAT3 blockade enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents by eradicating head neck stemloid cancer cell. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41944-58. [PMID: 26556875 PMCID: PMC4747200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling transducer and activator 3 (STAT3) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have garnered huge attention as a therapeutic focus, based on evidence that they may represent an etiologic root of tumor initiation and radio-chemoresistance. Here, we investigated the high phosphorylation status of STAT3 (p-STAT3) and its correlation with self-renewal markers in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Over-expression of p-STAT3 was found to have increased in post chemotherapy HNSCC tissue. We showed that blockade of p-STAT3 eliminated both bulk tumor and side population (SP) cells with characteristics of CSCs in vitro. Inhibition of p-STAT3 using small molecule S3I-201 significantly delayed tumorigenesis of spontaneous HNSCC in mice. Combining blockade of p-STAT3 with cytotoxic drugs cisplatin, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil (TPF) enhanced the antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo with decreased tumor sphere formation and SP cells. Taken together, our results advocate blockade of p-STAT3 in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs enhance efficacy by improving CSCs eradication in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Fa Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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145
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Hong D, Kurzrock R, Kim Y, Woessner R, Younes A, Nemunaitis J, Fowler N, Zhou T, Schmidt J, Jo M, Lee SJ, Yamashita M, Hughes SG, Fayad L, Piha-Paul S, Nadella MVP, Mohseni M, Lawson D, Reimer C, Blakey DC, Xiao X, Hsu J, Revenko A, Monia BP, MacLeod AR. AZD9150, a next-generation antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of STAT3 with early evidence of clinical activity in lymphoma and lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:314ra185. [PMID: 26582900 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our understanding of cancer genetics. Antisense technology is an attractive platform with the potential to translate these advances into improved cancer therapeutics, because antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitors can be designed on the basis of gene sequence information alone. Recent human clinical data have demonstrated the potent activity of systemically administered ASOs targeted to genes expressed in the liver. We describe the preclinical activity and initial clinical evaluation of a class of ASOs containing constrained ethyl modifications for targeting the gene encoding the transcription factor STAT3, a notoriously difficult protein to inhibit therapeutically. Systemic delivery of the unformulated ASO, AZD9150, decreased STAT3 expression in a broad range of preclinical cancer models and showed antitumor activity in lymphoma and lung cancer models. AZD9150 preclinical activity translated into single-agent antitumor activity in patients with highly treatment-refractory lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer in a phase 1 dose-escalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Richard Woessner
- Cancer Bioscience Drug Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, 7777 Forest Lane, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Nathan Fowler
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Joanna Schmidt
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Minji Jo
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Samantha J Lee
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Mason Yamashita
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Steven G Hughes
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Luis Fayad
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarina Piha-Paul
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Murali V P Nadella
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Morvarid Mohseni
- Cancer Bioscience Drug Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Deborah Lawson
- Cancer Bioscience Drug Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Corinne Reimer
- Cancer Bioscience Drug Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - David C Blakey
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Xiaokun Xiao
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jeff Hsu
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Alexey Revenko
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Brett P Monia
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - A Robert MacLeod
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
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146
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Zhang C, Xin H, Zhang W, Yazaki PJ, Zhang Z, Le K, Li W, Lee H, Kwak L, Forman S, Jove R, Yu H. CD5 Binds to Interleukin-6 and Induces a Feed-Forward Loop with the Transcription Factor STAT3 in B Cells to Promote Cancer. Immunity 2016; 44:913-923. [PMID: 27096320 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The participation of a specific subset of B cells and how they are regulated in cancer is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the proportion of CD5(+) relative to interleukin-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα)-expressing B cells was greatly increased in tumors. CD5(+) B cells responded to IL-6 in the absence of IL-6Rα. IL-6 directly bound to CD5, leading to activation of the transcription factor STAT3 via gp130 and its downstream kinase JAK2. STAT3 upregulated CD5 expression, thereby forming a feed-forward loop in the B cells. In mouse tumor models, CD5(+) but not CD5(-) B cells promoted tumor growth. CD5(+) B cells also showed activation of STAT3 in multiple types of human tumor tissues. Thus, our findings demonstrate a critical role of CD5(+) B cells in promoting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keith Le
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heehyoung Lee
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry Kwak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL. 33314, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
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147
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Chakraborty SN, Leng X, Perazzona B, Sun X, Lin YH, Arlinghaus RB. Combination of JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors: an effective therapeutic option in drug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:201-208. [PMID: 27551334 PMCID: PMC4979592 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that JAK2 serves as a novel therapeutic target in Bcr-Abl+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We have reported the existence of an HSP90- associated high molecular weight network complex (HMWNC) that is composed of HSP90 client proteins BCR-ABL, JAK2, and STAT3 in wild type Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells. Here we showed that the HSP90-HMWNC is present in leukemia cells from CML patients in blast stage, and in Imatinib (IM)-resistant 32Dp210 (T315I) leukemia cells. We found that the HSP90-HMWNC could be disassembled by depleting JAK2 with either Jak2-specific shRNA or treatment with JAK2 inhibitors (TG101209 or Ruxolitinib) and HSP90 inhibitor (AUY922). Combinational treatment with JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors diminished the activation of BCR-ABL, JAK2 and its downstream targets. As a result, the IM-resistant 32Dp210 T315I cells underwent apoptosis. When administered in mice bearing 32Dp210 T315I leukemia, combinational therapy using Ruxolitinib and AUY922 prolonged the survival significantly. Thus, a combination of JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors could be a powerful strategy for the treatment of CML, especially in IM-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip N Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bastianella Perazzona
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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148
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Gene expression-based discovery of atovaquone as a STAT3 inhibitor and anticancer agent. Blood 2016; 128:1845-1853. [PMID: 27531676 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-660506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently activated inappropriately in a wide range of hematological and solid cancers, but clinically available therapies targeting STAT3 are lacking. Using a computational strategy to identify compounds opposing the gene expression signature of STAT3, we discovered atovaquone (Mepron), an antimicrobial approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, to be a potent STAT3 inhibitor. We show that, at drug concentrations routinely achieved clinically in human plasma, atovaquone inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, the expression of STAT3 target genes, and the viability of STAT3-dependent hematological cancer cells. These effects were also observed with atovaquone treatment of primary blasts isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia. Atovaquone is not a kinase inhibitor but instead rapidly and specifically downregulates cell-surface expression of glycoprotein 130, which is required for STAT3 activation in multiple contexts. The administration of oral atovaquone to mice inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in a murine model of multiple myeloma. Finally, in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, extended use of atovaquone for Pneumocystis prophylaxis was associated with improved relapse-free survival. These findings establish atovaquone as a novel, clinically accessible STAT3 inhibitor with evidence of anticancer efficacy in both animal models and humans.
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149
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Guo C, Su J, Li Z, Xiao R, Wen J, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yu D, Huang W, Chen WD, Wang YD. The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor Gpbar1 (TGR5) suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34402-13. [PMID: 26417930 PMCID: PMC4741461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane-bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Here we show that TGR5 is a suppressor of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway. We firstly show that TGR5 activation greatly inhibited proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells and strongly induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis. We then found that TGR5 activation antagonized STAT3 signaling pathway through suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its transcription activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-6. TGR5 overexpression with ligand treatment inhibited gene expression mediated by STAT3. It suggests that TGR5 antagonizes gastric cancer proliferation and migration at least in part by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. These findings identify TGR5 as a suppressor of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Donna Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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150
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Choudhary MM, France TJ, Teknos TN, Kumar P. Interleukin-6 role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:90-97. [PMID: 29204553 PMCID: PMC5698512 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a number of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and invasion. IL-6 mediates its downstream effects by activating a number of signaling cascades including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, IL-6 also regulates tumor progression and tumor metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. A number of studies have shown that IL-6 levels are markedly upregulated in cancer patients. We and others have shown that high IL-6 expression independently predicts tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis and poor survival in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore targeting IL-6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of IL-6 in HNSCC progression and potential therapeutic strategies to target IL-6 signaling for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Choudhary
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas J France
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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