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Shams-White MM, O'Connor LE, O'Connor SG, Herrick KA. Development of the Sleep Module for the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool: New Research Opportunities. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2017-2022. [PMID: 35777665 PMCID: PMC9588619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Knight E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Babu JR. The Role of Diet and Dietary Patterns in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4472. [PMID: 36364733 PMCID: PMC9654624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with diminished nutrition status and decreased quality of life. While the prevalence of PD is expected to increase, no preventative or curative therapy for PD exists at this time. Although nutrition and diet represent modifiable risk factors for reducing chronic disease risk, research on the impact of single nutrients on PD has yielded mixed results. As a result, this single-nutrient approach may be the driving force behind the inconsistency, and a holistic dietary approach may overcome this inconsistency by accounting for the interactions between nutrients. The following review aims to examine the impact of a generally healthy dietary pattern, the protein-restricted diet (PRD), the ketogenic diet (KD), the Mediterranean diet (MD), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on PD risk, progression, and severity. While most of the included studies support the role of diet and dietary patterns in reducing the risk of PD or alleviating PD severity, the inconsistent results and need for further evidence necessitate more research being conducted before making dietary recommendations. Research on the potential beneficial effects of dietary patterns on PD should also investigate potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Knight
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Fonseca-Pérez D, Arteaga-Pazmiño C, Maza-Moscoso CP, Flores-Madrid S, Álvarez-Córdova L. Food insecurity as a risk factor of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040089. [PMID: 36337623 PMCID: PMC9630347 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by the loss of muscle strength, mass and muscle functionality and increased adipose tissue (obesity) according to different criteria and cut-off points. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among older adults is growing worldwide, and many factors are involved in its development. Diet and food security have been described as the main contributors to the development of obesity and sarcopenia. Food insecurity consists of limited or uncertain access to adequate and nutritious foods. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing data on food insecurity as a risk factor for sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fonseca-Pérez
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral (ISAIN), Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Cecilia Arteaga-Pazmiño
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Sara Flores-Madrid
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ludwig Álvarez-Córdova
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral (ISAIN), Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Ludwig Álvarez-Córdova,
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Hlaing-Hlaing H, Dolja-Gore X, Tavener M, James EL, Hure AJ. Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Incident Non-Communicable Diseases: Findings from a 15-Year follow up of Women from the 1973–78 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204403. [PMID: 36297087 PMCID: PMC9611717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity (≥two chronic conditions), are increasing globally. Diet is a risk factor for some NCDs. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality (DQ) and incident NCDs. Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health 1973–78 cohort with no NCD and completed dietary data at survey 3 (2003, aged 25–30 years) who responded to at least one survey between survey 4 (2006) and survey 8 (2018). DQ was measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). Outcomes included coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HT), asthma, cancer (excluding skin cancer), diabetes mellitus (DM), depression and/or anxiety, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Repeated cross-sectional multivariate logistic regressions were performed to investigate the association between baseline DQ and NCDs over 15 years. The AHEI-2010 mean (±sd) for participants (n = 8017) was 51.6 ± 11.0 (range: 19–91). There was an inverse association between AHEI-2010 and incident asthma at survey 4 (ORQ5–Q1: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.99). Baseline DQ did not predict the occurrence of any NCDs or multimorbidity between the ages of 25–45 years. Further well-planned, large prospective studies conducted in young women are needed to explore dietary risk factors before the establishment of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlaing Hlaing-Hlaing
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Meredith Tavener
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Erica L. James
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Alexis J. Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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105
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Rogus S, Guthrie J, Niculescu M, Xu L. The impact of a healthy checkout intervention on fruit and vegetable 'micro-pack' purchases in New Mexico. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-9. [PMID: 36093640 PMCID: PMC9991551 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Produce sold as plastic-wrapped packs of two to four individual items (i.e., produce micro-packs) that are low cost and placed at checkout may appeal to shoppers with budget constraints and provide a second chance to purchase items available elsewhere in the store. This study examined the impact of an intervention that placed produce micro-packs at checkout and promoted them in grocery stores across New Mexico, USA. DESIGN This quasi-experimental study placed produce micro-packs at checkout end-caps in thirteen stores (group 1), with eight stores serving as controls (group 2) from 1 July 2019 through 31 January 2020 (first phase). The intervention was extended to group 2 stores from 1 February 2020 through 30 June 2020 (second phase). Cashiers were directed to upsell the micro-packs to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children recipients who had unspent cash value benefits for produce purchases. SETTING Twenty-one grocery stores across New Mexico. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one produce items sold as micro-packs in stores from July 2019 through June 2020. RESULTS A random effects model showed that the daily sales of micro-packs increased by 47 % during each intervention period. Group 2 stores had lower sales than group 1 stores during the first phase of the intervention. Once extended to group 2 stores, sales of micro-packs in those stores increased and sales in group 1 stores continued at the higher level. CONCLUSIONS Placing produce micro-packs at checkout may increase produce sales and support health promotion efforts by public and private stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rogus
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3470, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM88003, USA
| | - Joanne Guthrie
- Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mihai Niculescu
- Marketing Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Lina Xu
- Marketing Department, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, PA, USA
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106
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Hildebrand CA, Gaviria DB, Samuel-Hodge CD, Ammerman AS, Keyserling TC. How Physicians Can Assess and Address Dietary Behaviors to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:785-807. [PMID: 36154700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
With the growing burden of diet-related chronic disease impacting the public's health, nutrition counseling in a primary care setting is essential and can be accomplished through brief and creative approaches. This article reviews an example of a brief dietary assessment and counseling tool and counseling strategies focusing on dietary behavior changes that emphasize impact on health outcomes, ease of behavior change, and affordability. These, plus integrating office supports, are practical ways to start the conversation about improving diet quality with patients. Collaborative efforts in nutrition care, particularly through collaboration with registered dietitians, present a valuable opportunity to meet the nutrition care needs of patients. Additionally, this article reviews screening for eating disorders, food insecurity, and dietary supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Hildebrand
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - David B Gaviria
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Carmen D Samuel-Hodge
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB# 7110, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7110, USA.
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107
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Rogers CJ, Petersen K, Kris-Etherton PM. Preventive Nutrition: Heart Disease and Cancer. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:767-784. [PMID: 36154699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two of the leading chronic diseases are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. A cornerstone of prevention for CVD and cancer is a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. Dietary patterns represent the totality of the diet and reflect habitual consumption of combinations and quantities of foods and nutrients that cumulatively affect health and disease. This article summarizes recent evidence on the relationship of diet quality as measured by adherence to healthy dietary patterns and CVD and cancer risk reduction. Optimal adherence to a healthy dietary pattern decreases CVD and cancer risk; even small changes in diet quality are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristina Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 508 Human Sciences Building, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
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108
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Julián-Serrano S, Reedy J, Robien K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Adherence to 5 Diet Quality Indices and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Large US Prospective Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1584-1600. [PMID: 35474368 PMCID: PMC9989353 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Few prospective studies have examined associations between diet quality and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or comprehensively compared diet quality indices. We conducted a prospective analysis of adherence to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, alternative HEI-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet (aMed), and 2 versions of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH; Fung and Mellen) and PDAC within the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995-2011). The dietary quality indices were calculated using responses from a 124-item food frequency questionnaire completed by 535,824 participants (315,780 men and 220,044 women). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each diet quality index and PDAC. During follow-up through 2011 (15.5-year median), 3,137 incident PDAC cases were identified. Compared with those with the lowest adherence quintile, participants with the highest adherence to the HEI-2015 (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), aMed (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93), DASH-Fung (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.95), and DASH-Mellen (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96) had a statistically significant, lower PDAC risk; this was not found for the alternative HEI-2010 (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04). This prospective observational study supports the hypothesis that greater adherence to the HEI-2015, aMed, and DASH dietary recommendations may reduce PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachelly Julián-Serrano
- Correspondence to Sachelly Julián-Serrano, 9609 Medical Center Drive, NCI Shady Grove, Room 6E574, Rockville, MD 20850 (e-mail: ); or Dr. Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, 9609 Medical Center Drive, NCI Shady Grove, Room 6E420, Rockville, MD 20850 (e-mail: )
| | | | | | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Correspondence to Sachelly Julián-Serrano, 9609 Medical Center Drive, NCI Shady Grove, Room 6E574, Rockville, MD 20850 (e-mail: ); or Dr. Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, 9609 Medical Center Drive, NCI Shady Grove, Room 6E420, Rockville, MD 20850 (e-mail: )
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109
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Ali HI, Elmi F, Stojanovska L, Ibrahim N, Cheikh Ismail L, Al Dhaheri AS. Associations of Dyslipidemia with Dietary Intakes, Body Weight Status and Sociodemographic Factors among Adults in the United Arab Emirates. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163405. [PMID: 36014911 PMCID: PMC9412376 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on dietary and other factors associated with dyslipidemia in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is limited. This study assessed the association of diet, body weight and other risk factors of dyslipidemia by conducting a cross-sectional survey among adults residing in three emirates of the UAE. Validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the WHO STEPS Instrument were used to assess dietary intakes, body weight and dyslipidemia-related diagnosis. Composite Mediterranean Diet Score was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Of the 610 participants, dyslipidemia was reported by 23.5% of the 319 participants who ever had blood cholesterol levels measured. Self-reported dyslipidemia was associated with increased age, higher BMI, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Most participants did not meet the recommendations for dietary fiber and calorie intake from saturated fats (61.3% and 81.2%, respectively). Participants with dyslipidemia reported a higher median daily intake of vegetables compared to those without dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), who also showed a significantly higher intake of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.008). Participants aged ≥50 years were more likely to have adhered to the MD compared to 18−30-year old participants (OR = 4.16; 95% CI 2.59−6.69). Non-Emiratis had higher odds of adherence to the MD compared to UAE nationals (OR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.04−2.06). Interventions targeting behavioral risk factors of dyslipidemia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Fadima Elmi
- Independent Researcher, Al Ain P.O. Box 67258, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Naser Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
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Chiba T, Tanemura N. The Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use for the Purpose of COVID-19 Prevention in Japan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153215. [PMID: 35956391 PMCID: PMC9370294 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is still the biggest issue worldwide. Many dietary supplements on the market claim to have anti-COVID-19 effects without scientific evidence. To elucidate the prevalence of dietary supplement usage for the prevention of COVID-19, we conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey among Japanese adults in January 2022. The prevalence of dietary supplement use for the prevention of COVID-19 was 8.3%, and there was no gender difference. We also conducted additional research on these dietary supplement users (1000 males and 1000 females). The most popular ingredient used was vitamin C (61.0%), with vitamin D (34.9%) and probiotics (33.4%) following. Half of these participants reported using supplements for more than one year. The information sources that reportedly led them to start using dietary supplements for the prevention of COVID-19 were the Internet (44.0%), television and radio (29.9%), and family or friends (26.0%), and these information sources differed among generations. In conclusion, some of the population used vitamin/mineral supplements for the prevention of COVID-19 that might be beneficial for their health, but some used ingredients with no scientifically proven effects against the virus at this time. Therefore, information-based scientific evidence is important to prevent the inappropriate use of dietary supplements by consumers.
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111
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Herman PM, Chen AYA, Sturm R. Improving Diet Quality in U.S. Adults: A 30-Year Health and Economic Impact Microsimulation. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:178-185. [PMID: 35321795 PMCID: PMC9308633 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic studies relating health outcomes to dietary patterns captured by diet quality indices have shown better quality scores associated with lower mortality and chronic disease incidence. However, changing chronic disease risk factors only alters population health over time, and initial diet quality systematically varies across the population by sociodemographic status. This study uses microsimulation to examine 30-year impacts of improved diet quality by sociodemographic group. METHODS Diet quality across 12 sex-, race/ethnicity-, and education-defined subgroups was estimated from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In 2021, the Future Adults (dynamic microsimulation) Model was used to simulate population health and economic outcomes over 30 years for these subgroups and all adults. The modeled pathway was through lowering risk for heart disease by following U.S. Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS Diet quality varied across the sociodemographic subgroups, and half of U.S. adults had diet quality that would be classified as poor. Improving U.S. diet quality to that reported for the top 20% in 2 large health professionals' samples could reduce incidence of heart disease by 9.9% (7.6%-13.8% across the 12 sociodemographic groups) after 30 years. Year 30 would also have 37,000 fewer deaths, 694,000 more quality-adjusted life years, and healthcare cost savings of $59.6 billion (2019 U.S. dollars). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic microsimulation enables predictions of socially important outcomes of prevention efforts, most of which are many years in the future and beyond the scope of trials. This paper estimates the 30-year population health and economic impact of poor diet quality by sociodemographic group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Yu-An Chen
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California; Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, California
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Zhang X, Molsberry SA, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Gao X. Association of Diet and Physical Activity With All-Cause Mortality Among Adults With Parkinson Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2227738. [PMID: 35984656 PMCID: PMC9391952 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Greater diet quality and physical activity level are associated with a lower risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD). However, information regarding the association between lifestyle behaviors and survival after PD diagnosis remains limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis overall diet quality and physical activity with all-cause mortality among individuals with PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study analyzed male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012 and female participants in the Nurses' Health Study from 1984 to 2012. Participants who were diagnosed with PD and had complete baseline dietary assessment data were included. Data were analyzed from January 2021 to February 2022. EXPOSURES Prediagnosis diet quality, assessed by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and physical activity, assessed by metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week reported on questionnaires, were the primary exposures of interest to minimize reverse causation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality, which was followed up until 2018, was the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of diet and physical activity with mortality individually and jointly, and the models were adjusted for age, total energy intake, caffeine intake, and other lifestyle risk factors. RESULTS The sample comprised 1251 individuals with PD, which included 652 men (52.1%) with a median (IQR) age at diagnosis of 73.4 (67.5-78.7) years. During the 32 to 34 years of follow-up, 942 participants died. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest vs the lowest AHEI quartile was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.56- 0.85) for prediagnosis analyses and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.42-0.78) for postdiagnosis analyses. Similar results were obtained for cumulative mean MET hours per week in the prediagnosis analyses (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87) and postdiagnosis analyses (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.35-0.63). The inverse association persisted for PD-specific mortality (postdiagnosis AHEI: HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33-0.80]; postdiagnosis physical activity: HR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.25-0.55]). In the joint analyses of diet quality and physical activity before the PD diagnosis, the adjusted HR was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.36-0.73) for individuals in the highest vs lowest tertiles for both variables. The HR for diet quality and physical activity after the diagnosis was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.23-0.52). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study showed that a healthy dietary pattern and an active lifestyle were associated with a lower rate of all-cause mortality among individuals with PD. Consuming a healthy diet and engaging in physical activity or exercise could be targeted to improve PD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha A. Molsberry
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Social & Scientific Systems Inc, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Alberto Ascherio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mohseni M, Heidari-Beni M, Kelishadi R. Glycemic control among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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114
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Kirkpatrick CF, Willard KE, Maki KC. Keto is Trending: Implications for Body Weight and Lipid Management. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1093-1100. [PMID: 35794438 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) and ketogenic diets (KDs) have been used for weight loss and more recently in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The impact of VLC and KDs on lipids/lipoproteins is a concern. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of KDs on body weight and lipids/lipoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS VLC/KDs contribute to greater weight loss in the short term (< 6 months) compared to higher carbohydrate diets, but there is typically no difference between the diets by 12 months. Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels generally improve, but there is a variable response in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with some individuals experiencing a dramatic increase, particularly those with latent genetic dyslipidemias. Healthcare professionals should educate patients on the risks and benefits of following VLC/KDs and encourage the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods associated with positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Suite 3, Addison, IL, USA. .,Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA.
| | | | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Suite 3, Addison, IL, USA.,Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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The Perception of Minerals and Their Prevalence in Fortified Foods and Supplements in Japan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132586. [PMID: 35807765 PMCID: PMC9268031 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
People’s intake of some minerals does not meet the nutrient reference values even in high-income countries. Recently, the deficiency of zinc and/or selenium has been considered to cause greater risk of COVID-19 infection and severity. To investigate consumer awareness, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire online survey among Japanese people (7500 males and 7500 females) concerning their perceptions of each mineral and the prevalence of mineral-fortified foods and/or mineral supplements. People’s perception of each mineral varied: the highest was for calcium (91.8%) and the lowest was for selenium (44.7%). In addition, only a portion of participants believed that they consumed a sufficient amount of each mineral; the highest was sodium (23.7%), and the lowest was manganese (5.2%). In addition, 18.2% of them felt that they could not consume enough sodium, even though most of the Japanese’s intake is excessive. Among mineral-fortified-food and/or mineral-supplement users, the purposes for these products were to maintain health (80.6%), supplement nutrients (48.0%), and prevent infectious diseases (23.2%). Only 18.4% of participants knew what amount they took. In conclusion, education is needed to prevent not only the insufficiency/deficiency of each mineral but also an excess intake of sodium.
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Lee E, Kady V, Han E, Montan K, Normuminova M, Rovito MJ. Healthy Eating and Mortality among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137579. [PMID: 35805233 PMCID: PMC9266181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review examined the effect of diet quality, defined as adherence to healthy dietary recommendations, on all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify eligible studies published by May 2021. We used a random-effects model meta-analysis in two different approaches to estimate pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for highest and lowest categories of diet quality: (1) each dietary quality index as the unit of analysis and (2) cohort as the unit of analysis. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochran’s Q test and inconsistency I2 statistics. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies, and the quality of evidence was investigated by the GRADE tool. The analysis included 11 publications from eight cohorts, including data from 27,346 survivors and seven dietary indices. Both approaches yielded a similar effect size, but cohort-based analysis had a wider CI. Pre-diagnosis diet quality was not associated with both outcomes. However, better post-diagnosis diet quality significantly reduced all-cause mortality by 21% (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70, 0.89, I2 = 16.83%, n = 7) and marginally reduced breast cancer-specific mortality by 15% (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.62, 1.18, I2 = 57.4%, n = 7). Subgroup analysis showed that adhering to the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension and Chinese Food Pagoda guidelines could reduce breast cancer-specific mortality. Such reduction could be larger for older people, physically fit individuals, and women with estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumors. The risk of bias in the selected studies was low, and the quality of evidence for the identified associations was low or very low due to imprecision of effect estimation, inconsistent results, and publication bias. More research is needed to precisely estimate the effect of diet quality on mortality. Healthcare providers can encourage breast cancer survivors to comply with healthy dietary recommendations to improve overall health. (Funding: University of Central Florida Office of Undergraduate Research, Registration: PROSPERO-CRD42021260135).
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Altemani AH, Alzaheb RA. The prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (The role of lifestyle): a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:83. [PMID: 35706048 PMCID: PMC9199329 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. The disease is on the rise worldwide with deleterious consequences on the fetus, mother, and children. The study aimed to review the role of lifestyle in the prevention of GDM. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar from the first published article up to December 2021; articles were eligible if they were controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and case-control. Out of 5559 articles retrieved, 66 full texts were screened, and 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. (6 studies assessed the effects of diet, and 13 were on exercise). The dietary intervention showed significant positive effect on GDM, odd ratio = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.56-84, P-value for overall effect = 0.002. The DASH diet was better than Mediterranean Diet (odd ratio, 0.71, 95% CI, 68-74, P-value < 0.001). Regarding exercise, no significant prevention was evident on GDM, odd ratio, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.55-1.06, P-value = 0.11. However, a significant prevention of gestational diabetes was found when the exercise was mild-moderate (odd ratio = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53-80, P < 0.0001) and started in the first trimester (odd ratio, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.43-0.75, P < 0.0001. No significant effect was found when the exercise was vigorous (odd ratio = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.50-2.38, P = 0.83) and started during the second trimester of pregnancy (odd ratio, 1.08, 95% CI, 0.65-1.80, P = 0.77. Diet and early mild-moderate exercise were effective in GDM prevention. Exercise during the second trimester and moderate-vigorous were not. Further studies assessing the type, duration, and frequency of physical activity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyadh A Alzaheb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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A New Evidence-Based Diet Score to Capture Associations of Food Consumption and Chronic Disease Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112359. [PMID: 35684159 PMCID: PMC9182661 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the attempt to compile German dietary guidelines into a diet score was predominantly not successful with regards to preventing chronic diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Current guidelines were supplemented by the latest evidence from systematic reviews and expert papers published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevention potential of food groups on chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. A diet score was developed by scoring the food groups according to a recommended low, moderate or high intake. The relative validity and reliability of the diet score, assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was investigated. The consideration of current evidence resulted in 10 key food groups being preventive of the chronic diseases of interest. They served as components in the diet score and were scored from 0 to 1 point, depending on their recommended intake, resulting in a maximum of 10 points. Both the reliability (r = 0.53) and relative validity (r = 0.43) were deemed sufficient to consider the diet score as a stable construct in future investigations. This new diet score can be a promising tool to investigate dietary intake in etiological research by concentrating on 10 key dietary determinants with evidence-based prevention potential for chronic diseases.
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Goshen A, Goldbourt U, Benyamini Y, Shimony T, Keinan-Boker L, Gerber Y. Association of Diet Quality With Longevity and Successful Aging in Israeli Adults 65 Years or Older. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2214916. [PMID: 35648399 PMCID: PMC9161011 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, the role of overall diet quality in successful aging has not been conclusively demonstrated. OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between diet quality and longevity and successful aging in a population-based cohort of older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants in "Mabat Zahav" (the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults), an older adult cohort (aged ≥65 years) consisting of a random sample of 1770 individuals, were recruited from July 2005 to December 2006 (time 1 [T1]). Survivors of T1 were again contacted and asked to participate in a second interview. From May 2017 to June 2019 (time 2 [T2]), an extensive face-to-face interview and a functional assessment were conducted in each participant's home in a subsample of 604 participants from T1, representing 72.7% of 820 surviving individuals who were able to complete interviews and assessments. EXPOSURES A 24-hour dietary recall, assessed at T1, was used to calculate scores from the 2015 version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) (scores range from 0 [worst diet] to 100 [best diet]). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Time to death, with follow-up lasting through June 2019, and successful aging. The latter, based on T2 assessment, was defined as (objectively measured) preserved physical and cognitive function and (subjective) mental well-being and favorable self-rated health. Inverse probability weighting was used in the analysis to minimize attrition bias. RESULTS At T1, the study included 1770 participants (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [6.2] years; 943 women [53%]). On average, participants with higher HEI-2015 scores had healthier lifestyles and higher socioeconomic status at T1. During a median follow-up duration of 12.6 years (IQR, 7.6-13.2 years), 893 deaths occurred. Among the 596 T2 participants analyzed (mean [SD] age, 84.1 [4.4] years; 334 [56%] women), 242 (40%) met successful aging criteria. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors, a higher HEI-2015 score was inversely associated with mortality (hazard ratios, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99 in the upper tertile and 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98 in the middle tertile vs the lower tertile; P = .04 for trend) and was positively associated with successful aging (odds ratios, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.10-2.72 in the upper tertile and 1.30; 95% CI, 0.83-2.03 in the middle tertile vs the lower tertile; P = .03 for trend). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of older adults in Israel, improved diet quality was associated with increased longevity and successful aging in a dose-dependent manner. These data contribute to the body of literature that suggests diet quality is associated with aging in the older age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair in Biological Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
There are many nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, genetics, epigenetics, and social determinants of health (including education level, socioeconomic status, and noise and arsenic exposure). Modifiable risk factors include obesity, the microbiome, diet, cigarette smoking, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sedentary behavior. Major lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat diabetes relate to these risk factors. Weight loss is the lifestyle intervention with the largest benefit for both preventing and treating diabetes. Exercise, even without weight loss, significantly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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121
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de Freitas NPA, Carvalho TR, Gonçalves CCRA, da Silva PHA, de Melo Romão LG, Kwak-Kim J, Cavalcante MB. The Dietary Inflammatory Index as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reay WR, Haslam R, Cairns MJ, Moschonis G, Clarke E, Attia J, Collins CE. Variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among older adults in the Hunter Community Study cohort; a comparison of diet quality versus polygenic risk score. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:675-688. [PMID: 35560851 PMCID: PMC9542949 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The interplay between cardiovascular disease (CVD) genetic risk indexed by a polygenic risk score (PRS) and diet quality still requires further investigation amongst older adults or those with established or treated CVD. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative contribution of diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and PRS, with respect to explaining variation in plasma lipids CVD outcomes in the Hunter Cohort. Methods The study comprised a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the Hunter Cohort study. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from previously derived polygenic scores (PGSs) for three lipid classes were obtained: low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides, as well as PRS for coronary artery disease (CAD) from the PGS catalogue. Regression modelling and odds ratios were used to determine associations between PRS, ARFS and CVD risk. Results In total, 1703 participants were included: mean ± SD age 66 ± 7.4 years, 51% female, mean ± SD total ARFS 28.1 ± 8 (out of 74). Total diet quality and vegetable subscale were not significantly associated with measured lipids. By contrast, PGS for each lipid demonstrated a markedly strong, statistically significant correlation with its respective measured lipid. There was a significant association between CAD PRS and 5/6 CVD phenotypes (all except atrial fibrillation), with the largest effect size shown with coronary bypass. Adding dietary intake as a covariate did not change this relationship. Conclusions Lipid PGS explained more variance in measured lipids than diet quality. However, the poor diet quality observed in the current cohort may have limited the ability to observe any beneficial effects. Future research should investigate whether the diet quality of older adults can be improved and also the effect of these improvements on changes in polygenic risk. The Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) had little association with lipid and cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. Lipid polygenic score (PGS) explained more variance in measured lipids than diet quality. The lipid PGS was associated with all three lipid parameters and some CVD endpoints, especially high cholesterol. Coronary artery disease polygenic risk score was associated with CVD endpoints angina, coronary bypass, heart attack, high cholesterol and hypertension and some lipid parameters (high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol).
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Haslam
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Clarke
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health and Medical Practice, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Elizabeth Collins
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Matsuyama S, Shimazu T, Tomata Y, Zhang S, Abe S, Lu Y, Tsuji I. Japanese Diet and Mortality, Disability, and Dementia: Evidence from the Ohsaki Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102034. [PMID: 35631172 PMCID: PMC9146082 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese dietary pattern has long been discussed as one of the factors behind the longevity of Japanese people. However, the health benefits of the Japanese dietary pattern have not been fully elucidated. We published the first report in the world regarding the relation between the Japanese dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease mortality in 2007 using cohort studies including Japanese residents of Ohsaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Since then, we have developed the Japanese Diet Index (JDI) that was based on previous findings to assess the degree of the Japanese dietary pattern and to advance the evidence on the health effects of the Japanese dietary pattern. So far, we have explored the associations between the JDI score (in quartiles) and various outcomes. For all-cause mortality, in comparison to Q1 (the lowest), the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were 0.92 (0.85–1.00) for Q2, 0.91 (0.83–0.99) for Q3, and 0.91 (0.83–0.99) for Q4 (the highest). For functional disability, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.94 (0.81–1.09) for Q2, 0.90 (0.77–1.05) for Q3, and 0.79 (0.68–0.92) for Q4. For dementia, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.88 (0.74–1.05) for Q2, 0.87 (0.73–1.04) for Q3, 0.79 (0.66–0.95) for Q4. In addition, people with higher adherence to the Japanese dietary pattern also showed decreases in disability and dementia risks. The purpose of this article was to review all six papers, summarize the health effects of the Japanese dietary pattern, and discuss implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Matsuyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan;
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan;
| | - Saho Abe
- General Affairs and Human Resources Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 544-8666, Japan;
| | - Yukai Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8123; Fax: +81-22-717-8125
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Zhou MS, Hasson RE, Baylin A, Leung CW. Associations between diet quality and allostatic load in US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2207-2217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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125
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Van Elswyk ME, Teo L, Lau CS, Shanahan CJ. Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac001. [PMID: 35542386 PMCID: PMC9071101 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia using a protocol developed for use by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence. Multiple electronic databases were searched for studies investigating sarcopenia risk factors or risk of sarcopenia and dietary patterns. Eligible studies were 1) peer-reviewed controlled trials or observational trials, 2) involving adult or older-adult human subjects who were healthy and/or at risk for chronic disease, 3) comparing the effect of consumption or adherence to dietary patterns (measured as an index/score, factor or cluster analysis; reduced rank regression; or a macronutrient distribution), and 4) reported on measures of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle performance, and/or risk of sarcopenia. Thirty-eight publications met all inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Thirteen observational studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of gait speed reduction (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.97). The association between healthy dietary pattern adherence and other intermediate markers or risk of sarcopenia was not statistically significant. The majority of individual studies were judged as "serious" risk of bias and analysis of the collective evidence base was suggestive of publication bias. Studies suggest a significant association between healthy dietary patterns and maintenance of gait speed with age, an intermediate marker of sarcopenia risk, but the evidence base is limited by serious risk of bias, within and between studies. Further research is needed to understand the association between healthy dietary patterns and risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Teo
- Teo Research Consulting, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Clara S Lau
- National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, Washington, DC, USA
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Ertuglu LA, Demiray A, Afsar B, Ortiz A, Kanbay M. The Use of Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Healthy Beverage Index for Predicting and Modifying Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:526-535. [PMID: 35476188 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the wide recognition of the importance of dietary patterns rather than isolated nutrient groups on health outcomes, numerous diet quality indices have been designed to evaluate the overall food intake quality in the last two decades. RECENT FINDINGS The newest version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), HEI-2015, is a diet quality index that measures adherence to the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. While the key nutrient groups are included in most diet quality indices, differences in other components and the scoring system differentiate HEI. The Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) was recently introduced. Previous literature has confirmed the association of the older versions of HEI with metabolic syndrome, inflammatory markers, and negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality. This review presents the existing evidence on the association of HEI-2015 and HBI with health markers and long-term outcome, provides guidance on their use, and identifies persisting challenges such as the development of simple, unified, and objective tools to characterize healthy diets in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Changes in Food and Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality on a Low-Fat Vegan Diet Are Associated with Changes in Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1922-1939.e0. [PMID: 35452873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming different food groups and nutrients can have differential effects on body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify how food group, nutrient intake, and diet quality change relative to usual-diet controls after 16 weeks on a low-fat vegan diet and what associations those changes have with changes in body weight, body composition, and measures of metabolic health. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial conducted between October 2016 and December 2018 in four replications. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included in this analysis were 219 healthy, community-based adults in the Washington, DC, area, with a body mass index (BMI) between 28 and 40 kg/m2, who were randomly assigned to follow either a low-fat vegan diet or make no diet changes. INTERVENTION A low-fat, vegan diet deriving approximately 10% of energy from fat, with weekly classes including dietary instruction, group discussion, and education on the health effects of plant-based nutrition. Control group participants continued their usual diets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in food group intake, macro- and micronutrient intake, and dietary quality as measured by Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), analyzed from 3-day diet records, and associations with changes in body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) model that included the factors group, subject, and time, was used to test the between-group differences throughout the 16-week study. Interaction between group and time (Gxt) was calculated for each variable. Within each diet group, paired comparison t-tests were calculated to identify significant changes from baseline to 16 weeks. Spearman correlations were calculated for the relationship between changes in food group intake, nutrient intake, AHEI-2010 score, and changes in body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. The relative contribution of food groups and nutrients to weight loss was evaluated using linear regression. RESULTS Fruit, vegetable, legume, meat alternative, and whole grain intake significantly increased in the vegan group. Intake of meat, fish and poultry; dairy products; eggs; nuts and seeds; and added fats decreased. Decreased weight was most associated with increased intake of legumes (r=-0.38; p<.0001) and decreased intake of total meat, fish, and poultry (r=+0.43; p<.0001). Those consuming a low-fat vegan diet also increased their intake of carbohydrates, fiber, and several micronutrients and decreased fat intake. Reduced fat intake was associated with reduced body weight (r=+0.15; p=0.02) and, after adjustment for changes in BMI and energy intake, with reduced fat mass (r=+0.14; p=0.04). The intervention group's AHEI-2010 increased by 6.0 points on average in contrast to no significant change in the control group (treatment effect +7.2 [95% CI +3.7 to +10.7]; p<0.001). Increase in AHEI-2010 correlated with reduction in body weight (r=0.14; p=0.04), fat mass (r=-0.14; p=0.03), and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR (r=-0.17; p=0.02), after adjustment for changes in energy intake. CONCLUSIONS When compared with participants' usual diets, intake of plant foods increased, and consumption of animal foods, nuts and seeds, and added fats decreased on a low-fat vegan diet. Increased legume intake was the best single food group predictor of weight loss. Diet quality as measured by AHEI-2010 improved on the low-fat vegan diet, which was associated with improvements in weight and metabolic outcomes. These data suggest that increasing low-fat plant foods and minimizing high-fat and animal foods is associated with decreased body weight and fat loss, and that a low-fat vegan diet can improve measures of diet quality and metabolic health.
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Healthy eating index 2015 and major dietary patterns in relation to incident hypertension; a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:734. [PMID: 35418042 PMCID: PMC9006467 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since hypertension (HTN) is responsible for more than half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease, it is vital to understand the nutritional factors that reduce its risk. Little information, however, is known about it in the Kurdish population. This study was aimed to evaluate the healthy eating index (HEI) 2015 and major dietary patterns concerning incident HTN. Methods This case-cohort study was designed using Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study data (294 participants with incident HTN and 1295 participants as representative random sub-cohort). HEI 2015 and major dietary patterns were extracted using data from their dietary intake, and three major dietary patterns were identified, including plant-based, high protein, and unhealthy dietary patterns. To analyses the association between HEI 2015 and major dietary patterns with incident HTN Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied. Results There was a significant positive correlation between HEI 2015 and plant-based diet (r = 0.492). The participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 had a 39% and 30% lower risk of incident HTN, compared to participants in the first quartile in both crude and adjusted model (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46–0.82) and (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51–0.97), respectively. Furthermore, participants with the highest tertile of the plant-based dietary pattern were at lower risk of incident HTN in both crude and adjusted models (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54–0.9) and (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53–0.94), respectively. However, the other two identified dietary patterns showed no significant association with incident HTN. Conclusions We found evidence indicating higher adherence to HEI 2015 and plant- based diet had protective effects on incident HTN. The HEI 2015 emphasizes limited sodium intake and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits.
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Burris JC, Werner CM, Woolf K. The Relationship Between Dietary Intake and Dietary-Focused Lifestyle Interventions on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Firefighters. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:206-224. [PMID: 35347666 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death to on-duty firefighters and is a substantial health concern. Preventative measures, including dietary interventions, may improve CVD in firefighters. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the relationship between dietary intake, dietary lifestyle interventions, and risk of CVD in firefighters. RECENT FINDINGS Existing evidence, albeit limited, suggests that firefighters do not meet dietary guidelines. Lifestyle modifications featuring dietary interventions are effective in improving risk factors associated with CVD in firefighters. Unfortunately, no consistent nutrition-related trend was identified across the retrieved studies and only a limited number of randomized controlled trials have examined the efficacy of lifestyle intervention studies on CVD in firefighters. Although this review suggests dietary lifestyle interventions may facilitate decreases in risk factors associated with CVD in firefighters, current evidence is limited, and additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Burris
- Department of Nutrition, Saddleback College, 2800 Marguerite Pkwy, Mission Viejo, CA, 92692, USA
| | - Charlotte Marie Werner
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kathleen Woolf
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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Livingstone KM, Milte CM, Torres SJ, Hart MJ, Dingle SE, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, McNaughton SA. Nineteen-Year Associations between Three Diet Quality Indices and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:805-815. [PMID: 34791367 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining a variety of diet quality methodologies will inform best practice use of diet quality indices for assessing all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between 3 diet quality indices (Australian Dietary Guideline Index, DGI; Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII; Mediterranean-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, MIND) and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events ≤19 y later. METHODS Data on 10,009 adults (mean age 51.8 y; 52% female) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle study were used. An FFQ was used to calculate DGI, DII, and MIND at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CI of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events (stroke; myocardial infarction) according to 1 SD increase in diet quality, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical activity, energy intake, history of stroke or heart attack, and diabetes and hypertension status. RESULTS Deaths due to all-cause (n = 1955) and CVD (n = 520), and nonfatal CVD events (n = 264) were identified during mean follow-ups of 17.7, 17.4, and 9.6 y, respectively. For all-cause mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.15), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), respectively. For CVD mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98), respectively. There was limited evidence of associations between diet quality and nonfatal CVD events. CONCLUSIONS A better quality diet predicted lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Australian adults, whereas a more inflammatory diet predicted higher mortality risk. These findings highlight the applicability of following Australian dietary guidelines, a Mediterranean-style diet, and a low-inflammatory diet for the reduction of all-cause and CVD mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine M Milte
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan J Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael J Hart
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sara E Dingle
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Yokose C, McCormick N, Lu N, Joshi AD, Curhan G, Choi HK. Adherence to 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Risk of New-Onset Female Gout. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:254-264. [PMID: 35099520 PMCID: PMC8804972 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Female-specific gout data are scarce despite perceived differences from males in its risk factors and disproportionate worsening in disease and comorbidity burden globally. The 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns for prevention of cardiovascular-metabolic outcomes, which may also be relevant to the prevention of female gout. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of dietary scores for the latest guideline-based healthy eating patterns with risk of incident female gout. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study included 80 039 US women in the Nurses' Health Study followed up through questionnaires every 2 years starting from 1984. Participants had no history of gout at baseline, and the study used questionnaire responses through 2018. Statistical analyses were performed over September 2020 to August 2021. EXPOSURES Four healthy eating patterns: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Prudent, plus Western (unhealthy) for comparison, with scores derived from validated food frequency questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident, physician-diagnosed female-specific gout. RESULTS During 34 years of follow-up, we documented 3890 cases of incident female gout. Compared with the least-adherent quintile, women most adherent to healthy diets had significantly lower risk of incident gout, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 0.68 (95% CI, 0.61-0.76) (DASH), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98) (Mediterranean), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.71-0.89) (AHEI), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.90) (Prudent); all P for trend ≤.009. Conversely, women with highest-quintile Western diet score had 49% higher risk of gout (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.68], P <.001). When combined, the most DASH-diet adherent women with normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) had a 68% lower risk of gout compared with the least adherent women with overweight or obese BMI; the corresponding risk reduction was 65% combining high DASH diet adherence with no diuretic use. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These large-scale, long-term prospective cohort findings extend the pleotropic benefits of the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to female gout prevention, with multiple healthy diets that can be adapted to individual food traditions, preferences, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chio Yokose
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Natalie McCormick
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Na Lu
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gary Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Belardo D, Michos ED, Blankstein R, Blumenthal RS, Ferdinand KC, Hall K, Klatt K, Natajaran P, Ostfeld RJ, Reddy K, Rodriguez R, Sriram U, Tobias DK, Gulati M. Practical, Evidence-Based Approaches to Nutritional Modifications to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An American Society for Preventive Cardiology Clinical Practice Statement. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 10:100323. [PMID: 35284849 PMCID: PMC8914096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in all areas of cardiovascular care, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US). There is compelling evidence that interventions to improve diet are effective in cardiovascular disease prevention. This clinical practice statement emphasizes the importance of evidence-based dietary patterns in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and ASCVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. A diet consisting predominantly of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, plant protein and fatty fish is optimal for the prevention of ASCVD. Consuming more of these foods, while reducing consumption of foods with saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, salt, refined grain, and ultra-processed food intake are the common components of a healthful dietary pattern. Dietary recommendations for special populations including pediatrics, older persons, and nutrition and social determinants of health for ASCVD prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keith C. Ferdinand
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Klatt
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pradeep Natajaran
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Koushik Reddy
- Department of Medicine, James A. Haley VA Medical Center – University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Urshila Sriram
- Department of Nutrition, College of Natural, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K. Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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Anand C, Kranz RM, Husain S, Koeder C, Schoch N, Alzughayyar DK, Gellner R, Hengst K, Englert H. Bridging the gap between science and society: long-term effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on weight and the metabolic risk profile: a controlled study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:44-54. [PMID: 35814727 PMCID: PMC9237906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control. Methods 24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results 143 participants (58±12 years, 71% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups’ baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by −1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to −1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a ‘high’ adherence (+12%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve. Conclusion The HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk. Trial registration number DRKS00018821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ragna-Marie Kranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sarah Husain
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Koeder
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nora Schoch
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dima-Karam Alzughayyar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Reinhold Gellner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Karin Hengst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Cicco S. Diet as cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention: the key role of coffee consumption. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:979-981. [PMID: 35148374 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School.,Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", AUOC Policlinico di Bari, piazza G. Cesare, 11-I-70124, Bari, Italy
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Kujawska M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. The use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan migrants in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, is based on Guaraní tradition, colonial and current plant knowledge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114702. [PMID: 34627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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Arrieta EM, Fischer CG, Aguiar S, Geri M, Fernández RJ, Coquet JB, Scavuzzo CM, Rieznik A, León A, González AD, Jobbágy EG. The health, environmental, and economic dimensions of future dietary transitions in Argentina. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35069916 PMCID: PMC8760564 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-01087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diets link human health with environmental sustainability, offering promising pressure points to enhance the sustainability of food systems. We investigated the health, environmental, and economic dimensions of the current diet in Argentina and the possible effects of six dietary change scenarios on nutrient adequacy, dietary quality, food expenditure, and six environmental impact categories (i.e., GHG emissions, total land occupation, cropland use, fossil energy use, freshwater consumption, and the emission of eutrophying pollutants). Current dietary patterns are unhealthy, unsustainable, and relatively expensive, and all things being equal, an increase in income levels would not alter the health dimension, but increase environmental impacts by 33-38%, and costs by 38%. Compared to the prevailing diet, the six healthier diet alternatives could improve health with an expenditure between + 27% (National Dietary Guidelines) to -5% (vegan diet) of the current diet. These dietary changes could result in trade-offs between different environmental impacts. Plant-based diets showed the lowest overall environmental impact, with GHG emissions and land occupation reduced by up to 79% and 88%, respectively, without significant changes in cropland demand. However, fossil energy use and freshwater consumption could increase by up to 101% and 220%, respectively. The emission of eutrophying pollutants could increase by up to 54% for all healthy diet scenarios, except for the vegan one (18% decrease). We conclude that the health and environmental crisis that Argentina (and other developing countries) currently face could be mitigated by adopting healthy diets (particularly plant-based), bringing in the process benefits to both people and nature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-01087-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M. Arrieta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos González Fischer
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sebastian Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Análisis Regional y Teledetección (LART), Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Universidad de Buenos Aires–CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milva Geri
- Departamento de Economía y Departamento de Matemática de la Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur (IIESS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, 8000 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto J. Fernández
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Ecología e IFEVA-CONICET, Universidad de BuenosAires, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Becaria Coquet
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos M. Scavuzzo
- Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales “Mario Gulich” CONAE, UNC, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andres Rieznik
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitivas y Traslacionales (INCYT) CONICET-Fundación INECO y Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto León
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av Filloy s/n, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D. González
- Instituto Andino-Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET y Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina
| | - Esteban G. Jobbágy
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, CONICET, IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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137
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Effect of a Multicomponent mHealth Intervention on the Composition of Diet in a Population with Overweight and Obesity-Randomized Clinical Trial EVIDENT 3. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020270. [PMID: 35057451 PMCID: PMC8778755 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet can help in the prevention of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an mHealth intervention on the distribution of macronutrients and the intake of food groups. A total of 650 participants were included in this multi-center, clinical, randomized, controlled trial (Evident 3 study). All participants were given brief advice about diet and exercise. The intervention group received, in addition, an app (Evident 3) for the self-recording of their diet and an activity tracker wristband for 3 months. Follow-up visits were performed at 3 and 12 months to collect the diet composition using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. There were decreases in the intake of total calories, fat, protein and carbohydrates in both groups throughout the study, without significant differences between them. The intervention group reduced the intake of cholesterol (−30.8; 95% CI −59.9, −1.7) and full-fat dairies (−23.3; 95% CI −42.8, −3.8) and increased the intake of wholemeal bread (3.3; 95% CI −6.7, 13.3) and whole-grain cereals (3.4; 95% CI −6.8, 13.7) with respect to the control group. No differences were found in the rest of the nutritional parameters. The brief advice is useful to promote a healthier diet, and the app can be a support tool to obtain changes in relevant foods, such as integral foods, and the intake of cholesterol. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03175614.
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138
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Bullock SL, Miller HM, Ammerman AS, Viera AJ. Comparisons of Four Diet Quality Indexes to Define Single Meal Healthfulness. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:149-158. [PMID: 34303634 PMCID: PMC8688208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many dietary indexes exist to evaluate nutrition quality, but few specifically assess the quality of a single meal. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare 4 different diet quality indexes in their ability to assess the nutrition quality of single meals. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of data from the PACE (Effects of Physical Activity Calorie Expenditure) food labeling study (2015-2017). Data were collected in business cafeterias in North Carolina and included photos of lunch trays before consumption from an adult population and serving sizes of each food item. Additional nutrient analysis was conducted to compile macro- and micronutrient data for each food item, in addition to servings provided from each food group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was individual meal nutrition quality. Data from the PACE study were used to calculate the scores of the following diet quality indexes: Healthy Eating Index 2015, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension accordance score, Main Meal Quality Index, and Nutrient Rich Foods Index. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED To score the meals, algorithms were created in SAS software, version 9.4, to combine individual foods and beverages into meals and calculate scores according to the individual index components. The total scores for each of the indexes were compared using Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS A total of 8,070 observations or "meals" from 379 participants were scored for this study. The scores for each observation varied by index. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the indexes for the total score for all observations ranged from 0.26 to 0.68. The correlation coefficients did not change equally among the indexes when observations were excluded based on predefined criteria for what constitutes a meal. CONCLUSIONS There is wide variability in scores of the 4 diet quality indexes analyzed in this study. In addition, the indexes show weak to moderate correlation, indicating that the appropriateness of the index will depend greatly on the study questions and objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Bullock
- Department of Public Health, Davidson College, Davidson, NC.
| | | | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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139
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Anand C, Hengst K, Gellner R, Englert H. Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress? CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470221099206. [PMID: 36187212 PMCID: PMC9523833 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221099206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stress and cortisol dysregulation are linked to NCDs. Moreover, stress favours unhealthy lifestyle patterns, which increase the risk for NCDs. The role of the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and the effect of lifestyle interventions on the same remain unclear. Methods: The impact of the intensive 8-week phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on parameters of the CAR, ie cortisol values 0 (sample [S]1), 30), 45 and 60 minutes post-awakening, average peak, S1-peak delta and area under the increase curve (AUCI), and perceived stress levels (PSL) was evaluated in a non-randomized, controlled trial. Covariates of the CAR (eg sleep measures) and irregularities in sampling were assessed. The intervention focussed on stress management, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: 97 participants (age: 56 ± 10 years; 71% female), with 68 in the intervention group (IG; age: 55 ± 8, 77% female) and 29 participants in the control group (CG; age: 59 ± 12, 59% female), were included in the analysis. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable, except participants of IG were younger. On average, the PSL at baseline was low in both groups (IG: 9.7 ± 5.4 points; CG: 8.5 ± 6.9 points; p = .165), but 22% (n = 15) in the IG and 20% (n = 6) in the CG reported a high PSL. Most participants reported irregularities in CAR sampling, eg interruption of sleep (IG: 80% CG: 81%). After 8 weeks, most CAR parameters and the PSL decreased in the IG and CG, resulting in no differences of change between the groups. In the IG only, a decrease of PSL was linked to an increase of CAR parameters, eg AUCI (correlation coefficient = −0.307; p = .017). Conclusion: The HLCP may potentially reduce PSL and change the CAR, but results cannot be clearly attributed to the programme. Methodological challenges and multiple confounders, limit suitability of the CAR in the context of lifestyle interventions. Other measures (eg hair-cortisol) may give further insights. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS); DRKS00018821; www.drks.de
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster
| | - Karin Hengst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster
| | | | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster
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140
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Li R, Zhan W, Huang X, Liu Z, Lv S, Wang J, Liang L, Ma Y. Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Depressive Disorders. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6959-6973. [PMID: 34949933 PMCID: PMC8691198 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of evidence shows that inflammation is related to the development of depression. However, the heterogeneity of depression hinders efforts to understand, prevent and treat this disease. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to summarize the links between inflammation and the established core features of depression, which show more homogeneity than the syndrome itself: overreaction to negative information, changes in reward processing, and cognitive control decline, and somatic syndrome. For each core feature, we first briefly outline its relevance to depression and neurobiological basis, and then review the evidence to investigate the potential role of inflammation. We mainly focus on the discovery of the experimental paradigm of exogenous inflammation. We concluded that inflammation may play a role in overreaction to negative information, altered reward responses, and physical symptoms. There is less evidence to support the effect of inflammation on cognitive control by standard neuropsychological measures. Finally, we discussed the implications for future research and recommendations on how to test the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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141
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Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144:e472-e487. [PMID: 34724806 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.
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142
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Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM. Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124305. [PMID: 34959857 PMCID: PMC8706326 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and globally. Dietary risk factors contribute to over half of all CVD deaths and CVD-related disability. The aim of this narrative review is to describe methods used to assess diet quality and the current state of evidence on the relationship between diet quality and risk of CVD. The findings of the review will be discussed in the context of current population intake patterns and dietary recommendations. Several methods are used to calculate diet quality: (1) a priori indices based on dietary recommendations; (2) a priori indices based on foods or dietary patterns associated with risk of chronic disease; (3) exploratory data-driven methods. Substantial evidence from prospective cohort studies shows that higher diet quality, regardless of the a priori index used, is associated with a 14-29% lower risk of CVD and 0.5-2.2 years greater CVD-free survival time. Limited evidence is available from randomized controlled trials, although evidence shows healthy dietary patterns improve risk factors for CVD and lower CVD risk. Current dietary guidance for general health and CVD prevention and management focuses on following a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. High diet quality is a unifying component of all dietary recommendations and should be the focus of national food policies and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
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143
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Malinowska AM. Easy Diet Screener: A quick and easy tool for determining dietary patterns associated with lipid profile and body adiposity. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:590-604. [PMID: 34841622 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of simple tools that could allow members of the general population to estimate their own dietary patterns and to associate them with unfavourable health outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate a simple self-administered tool, called the Easy Diet Screener (EDS), that would identify healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and evaluate their association with unfavourable blood and anthropometric parameters (i.e. values outside the recommended values). METHODS In total, 259 adult people (31-50 years of age) participated in this observational study. They filled out an online version of the EDS questionnaire; those who scored highly were assigned to the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) group, whereas those with a low score were assigned to the western dietary pattern (WDP) group. The dietary records, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated in a subset of 200 participants who obtained similar score in the repeated EDS (paper version). RESULTS People assigned to HDP on the basis of EDS had significantly better diet quality than those assigned to WDP, with values of the Healthy Eating Index being 76.9 ± 9.2 and 58.7 ± 10.5, respectively. People classed as WDP had a higher risk of too high serum low-density lipoproteins [odds ratio (OR) = 2.65], triglycerides (OR = 3.67), body mass index (OR = 2.87) and percentage of fat tissue (OR = 3.98) than did people in the HDP. CONCLUSIONS EDS is an easy tool for quickly identifying healthy and western dietary patterns that are associated with lipid profile and body adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Malinowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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144
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Koyama T. A Food Consumption-Based Diet Quality Score and Its Correlation With Nutrient Intake Adequacy Among Japanese Children. Cureus 2021; 13:e19337. [PMID: 34765386 PMCID: PMC8575343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet quality indices reflect overall dietary patterns better than single nutrients or food groups. Focusing on the needs of children, this study developed a measure of adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFGST), which was developed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan, and determined the correlation between index scores and nutrient intake. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This cross-sectional study was conducted among 48 children between six and nine years of age from a coastal town in the Kinki region of Japan. Data were collected between August 2012 and March 2013, including the 12-day diet records (three days over four seasons) of each participant. For children, adherence to the JFGST entails the consumption of five core food groups, including grain, fish and meat, vegetables, milk, and fruits (total possible score of 50). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to identify any correlations between JFGST scores and nutrient intake. RESULTS The mean participant JFGST score was 25 ± 10. Higher JFGST scores were correlated with higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, vitamin A, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenate, and vitamin C. JFGST scores were also positively correlated with nutrient adequacy for calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin C. CONCLUSION The index employed in this study may adequately express diet quality among Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Koyama
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, JPN
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145
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Hlaing-Hlaing H, Dolja-Gore X, Tavener M, James EL, Hodge AM, Hure AJ. Diet Quality and Incident Non-Communicable Disease in the 1946-1951 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111375. [PMID: 34769892 PMCID: PMC8583022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality indices (DQIs) can be useful predictors of diet–disease relationships, including non-communicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity. We aimed to investigate whether overall diet quality (DQ) predicted NCD, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Women from the 1945–51 cohort of the Australia Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) were included if they: responded to S3 in 2001 and at least one survey between 2004 (S4) and 2016 (S8), and had no NCD history and complete dietary data at S3. DQ was summarized by the Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults-2013 (HEIFA-2013), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). Outcomes included each NCD (diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HT), asthma, cancer (except skin cancer), depression and/or anxiety) independently, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Repeated multivariate logistic regressions were used to test associations between DQIs and NCD outcomes across the 15 years of follow-up. The mean (±sd) of DQIs of participants (n = 5350) were 57.15 ± 8.16 (HEIFA-2013); 4.35 ± 1.75 (MDS), and 56.01 ± 10.32 (AHEI-2010). Multivariate regressions indicated that women reporting the highest quintile of AHEI-2010 had lower odds of DM (42–56% (S5–S8)), HT (26% (S8)), asthma (35–37% (S7, S8)), and multimorbidity (30–35% (S7, S8)). The highest quintile of HEIFA-2013 and MDS had lower odds of HT (26–35% (S7, S8); 24–27% (S6–S8), respectively) and depression and/or anxiety (30% (S6): 30–34% (S7, S8)). Our findings support evidence that DQ is an important predictor of some NCDs and a target for prevention in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlaing Hlaing-Hlaing
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (X.D.-G.); (M.T.); (E.L.J.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (X.D.-G.); (M.T.); (E.L.J.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Meredith Tavener
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (X.D.-G.); (M.T.); (E.L.J.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Erica L. James
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (X.D.-G.); (M.T.); (E.L.J.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Allison M. Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexis J. Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (X.D.-G.); (M.T.); (E.L.J.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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146
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Lai KZH, Semnani-Azad Z, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Hanley AJ. Changes in adiposity mediate the associations of diet quality with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3054-3063. [PMID: 34518089 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To examine the mediating role of adiposity on the associations of diet quality with longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS Adults at-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the PROMISE cohort had 4 assessments over 9 years (n = 442). Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were used to assess diet quality. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) evaluated the associations between the AHEI and longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S and ISI) and beta-cell function (IGI/HOMA-IR and ISSI-2). The proportion of the mediating effect of waist circumference changes was estimated using the difference method. In the primary longitudinal analysis, AHEI was positively associated with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function over time (% difference per standard deviation increase of AHEI for HOMA2-%S (β = 11.0, 95%CI 5.43-17.0), ISI (β = 10.4, 95%CI 4.35-16.8), IGI/HOMA-IR (β = 7.12, 95%CI 0.98-13.6) and ISSI-2 (β = 4.38, 95%CI 1.05-7.80), all p < 0.05). There was no significant association between AHEI and dysglycemia incidence (OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.77-1.17). Adjustments for longitudinal changes in waist circumference substantially attenuated all associations of AHEI with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Mediation analysis indicated that waist circumference mediated 73%, 70%, 83% and 81% of the association between AHEI and HOMA2-%S, ISI, IGI/HOMA-IR, and ISSI-2, respectively (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In a Canadian population at-risk for T2D, AHEI score was positively associated with changes in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. These associations were substantially mediated by waist circumference, suggesting that changes in adiposity may represent an important pathway linking diet quality with risk phenotypes for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zhi Hua Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada.
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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147
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Olstad DL, Nejatinamini S, Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Livingstone KM, Campbell DJT, Tang K, Minaker LM, Hammond D. Stress-Related Poor Diet Quality Does Not Explain Socioeconomic Inequities in Health: A Structural Equation Mediation Analysis of Gender-Specific Pathways. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:541-554.e1. [PMID: 34626824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediate associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health; however, it is not known whether they jointly mediate these associations. This is an important question because stress-related unhealthy eating is often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, particularly among women, seemingly with no empirical justification. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women and men. DESIGN Multiple mediating pathways were modeled using data from the cross-sectional International Food Policy Study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were collected from 5,645 adults (aged 18 years or older) in Canada during 2018 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported SEP using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial pathways (subjective social status), along with psychosocial stress, dietary intake (to assess overall diet quality via Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores), and self-rated health. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Structural equation modeling modeled pathways linking SEP (ie, educational attainment, perceived income adequacy, and subjective social status) with self-rated health mediated by psychosocial stress and diet quality, stratified by gender. RESULTS There was no evidence that psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Diet quality mediated associations between educational attainment and self-rated health in women and men, with some evidence that it mediated associations between subjective social status and self-rated health in men (P = 0.051). Psychosocial stress mediated associations between perceived income adequacy and self-rated health in women and men, and between subjective social status and self-rated health in women. CONCLUSIONS Although often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, stress-related poor diet quality did not mediate associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediated some of these associations, with some differences by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Sara Nejatinamini
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Université Laval École de Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (Centre NUTRISS), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J T Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Tang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leia M Minaker
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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148
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Web-Based Personalized Nutrition System for Delivering Dietary Feedback Based on Behavior Change Techniques: Development and Pilot Study among Dietitians. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103391. [PMID: 34684392 PMCID: PMC8538565 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the complex and varied nature of individual characteristics influencing dietary behaviors, personalized dietary advice may be more effective than generalized “one-size-fits-all” advice. In this paper, we describe a web-based personalized nutrition system for improving the quality of overall diet in the general adult population. The development process included identification of appropriate behavior change techniques, modification of dietary assessment method (Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire; MDHQ), selection of dietary components, and a personalized dietary feedback tool. A pilot study was conducted online among 255 dietitians. Each completed the MDHQ, received his/her own dietary feedback report, and evaluated the relevance of the report based on 12 questions using a 5-point Likert scale from “totally disagree” (score 1) to “totally agree” (score 5). The mean value of overall acceptability score of dietary feedback report was 4.2. The acceptability score was, on average, higher in plausible energy reporters (compared with implausible energy reporters), participants who printed out the report (compared with those who did not), and those spending ≥20 min to read the report (compared with those spending <20 min). This is the first attempt to develop a web-based personalized nutrition system in Japan, where dietitians were broadly supportive of the dietary feedback report.
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149
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Chen Z, Ahmed M, Ha V, Jefferson K, Malik V, Ribeiro PAB, Zuchinali P, Drouin-Chartier JP. Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00071-0. [PMID: 34550320 PMCID: PMC8970833 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and cardiovascular health remains highly debated. We quantitatively synthesized prospective cohort evidence on the associations between dairy consumption and risk of hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through August 1st, 2020 to retrieve prospective cohort studies that reported on dairy consumption and risk of HTN, CHD or stroke. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs the lowest category of intake and for 1 serving/day increase in consumption. We rated the quality of evidence using NutriGrade. Fifty-five studies were included. Total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of HTN (RR for highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, I2 = 73.5%; RR for 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, I2 = 66.5%), CHD (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, I2 = 46.6%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00, I2 = 56.7%), and stroke (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96, I2 = 60.8%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, I2 = 74.7%). Despite moderate to considerable heterogeneity, these associations remained consistent across multiple subgroups. Evidence on the relationship between total dairy and risk of HTN and CHD were of moderate quality and of low quality for stroke. Low-fat dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of HTN and stroke, and high-fat dairy with a lower risk of stroke. Milk, cheese, or yogurt consumption showed inconsistent associations with the cardiovascular outcomes in high vs. low intake and dose-response meta-analyses. Total dairy consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of hypertension, CHD and stroke. Moderate to considerable heterogeneity was observed in the estimates and the overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priccila Zuchinali
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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150
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Ghazaryan A, Carlson A, Rhone AY, Roy K. Association between the Nutritional Quality of Household At-Home Food Purchases and Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors in the United States, 2015. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093260. [PMID: 34579136 PMCID: PMC8468462 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower diet quality is a leading preventable risk factor for obesity and chronic diseases. This study assesses differences in the nutritional quality of at-home food purchases, using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and its components, among households with and without a member reporting type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, and/or smoking. We use the 2015 IRI Consumer Network nationally representative household food purchase scanner data, combined with the IRI MedProfiler and the USDA’s Purchase-to-Plate Crosswalk datasets. For each/multiple condition(s), the difference in mean HEI score adjusted for covariates is tested for equivalence with the respective score against households without any member with the condition(s). The HEI score is higher for households without a member with reported T2D (2.4% higher), CVD (3.2%), obesity (3.3%), none of the three conditions (6.1%, vs. all three conditions), and smoking (10.5%) than for those with a member with the respective condition. Households with a member with T2D score better on the added sugar component than those with no member reporting T2D. We found that the average food purchase quality is lower than the recommended levels, especially for households with at least one member reporting a chronic condition(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Ghazaryan
- Office of the Director (OD), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Andrea Carlson
- Economic Research Service (ERS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Alana Y Rhone
- Economic Research Service (ERS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Kakoli Roy
- Office of the Director (OD), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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