101
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Ageta H, Tsuchida K. Post-translational modification and protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles including exosomes by ubiquitin and UBLs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4829-4848. [PMID: 31363817 PMCID: PMC11105257 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), are secreted membrane vesicles that are derived from various cell types, including cancer cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells via multivesicular bodies (MVBs). These sEVs contain RNAs (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and rRNA), lipids, DNA, proteins, and metabolites, all of which mediate cell-to-cell communication. This communication is known to be implicated in a diverse set of diseases such as cancers and their metastases and degenerative diseases. The molecular mechanisms, by which proteins are modified and sorted to sEVs, are not fully understood. Various cellular processes, including degradation, transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle, signal transduction, and autophagy, are known to be associated with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitin and UBLs also regulate MVBs and protein sorting to sEVs. Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3)/membrane-anchored Ub-fold protein (MUB) acts as a post-translational modification (PTM) factor to regulate efficient protein sorting to sEVs. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of PTM by ubiquitin and UBLs and the pathway of protein sorting into sEVs and discuss the potential biological significance of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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102
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Kumar R, Sabapathy K. RNF4—A Paradigm for SUMOylation‐Mediated Ubiquitination. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900185. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program Duke–NUS Medical School 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program Duke–NUS Medical School 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis Division of Cellular & Molecular Research Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research National Cancer Centre Singapore 11 Hospital Drive Singapore 169610 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry National University of Singapore 8 Medical Drive Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology 61 Biopolis Drive Singapore 138673 Singapore
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103
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Dzimianski JV, Scholte FE, Bergeron É, Pegan SD. ISG15: It's Complicated. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4203-4216. [PMID: 30890331 PMCID: PMC6746611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is a key component of host responses to microbial infection. Despite having been known for four decades, grasping the functions and features of ISG15 has been a slow and elusive process. Substantial work over the past two decades has greatly enhanced this understanding, revealing the complex and variable nature of this protein. This has unveiled multiple mechanisms of action that are only now beginning to be understood. In addition, it has uncovered diversity not only between how ISG15 affects different pathogens but also between the function and structure of ISG15 itself between different host species. Here we review the complexity of ISG15 within the context of viral infection, focusing primarily on its antiviral function and the mechanisms viruses employ to thwart its effects. We highlight what is known regarding the impact of ISG15 sequence and structural diversity on these interactions and discuss the aspects presenting the next frontier toward elucidating a more complete picture of ISG15 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Dzimianski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Florine E.M. Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Corresponding author. College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 422 Pharmacy South, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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104
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Sannai M, Doneddu V, Giri V, Seeholzer S, Nicolas E, Yip SC, Bassi MR, Mancuso P, Cortellino S, Cigliano A, Lurie R, Ding H, Chernoff J, Sobol RW, Yen TJ, Bagella L, Bellacosa A. Modification of the base excision repair enzyme MBD4 by the small ubiquitin-like molecule SUMO1. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102687. [PMID: 31476572 PMCID: PMC6785017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The base excision repair DNA N-glycosylase MBD4 (also known as MED1), an interactor of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, plays a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability of CpG sites by removing thymine and uracil from G:T and G:U mismatches, respectively. MBD4 is also involved in DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. The interaction with other proteins is likely critical for understanding MBD4 functions. To identify novel proteins that interact with MBD4, we used tandem affinity purification (TAP) from HEK-293 cells. The MBD4-TAP fusion and its co-associated proteins were purified sequentially on IgG and calmodulin affinity columns; the final eluate was shown to contain MLH1 by western blotting, and MBD4-associated proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Bands with molecular weight higher than that expected for MBD4 (˜66 kD) yielded peptides corresponding to MBD4 itself and the small ubiquitin-like molecule-1 (SUMO1), suggesting that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo. MBD4 sumoylation was validated by co-immunoprecipitation in HEK-293 and MCF7 cells, and by an in vitrosumoylation assay. Sequence and mutation analysis identified three main sumoylation sites: MBD4 is sumoylated preferentially on K137, with additional sumoylation at K215 and K377. Patterns of MBD4 sumoylation were altered, in a DNA damage-specific way, by the anti-metabolite 5-fluorouracil, the alkylating agent N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea and the crosslinking agent cisplatin. MCF7 extract expressing sumoylated MBD4 displays higher thymine glycosylase activity than the unmodified species. Of the 67 MBD4 missense mutations reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas, 14 (20.9%) map near sumoylation sites. These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo in a DNA damage-specific manner, and suggest that sumoylation serves to regulate its repair activity and could be compromised in cancer. This study expands the role played by sumoylation in fine-tuning DNA damage response and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sannai
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Valentina Doneddu
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Veda Giri
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Steven Seeholzer
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Shu-Chin Yip
- Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Pietro Mancuso
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Rebecca Lurie
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Timothy J Yen
- Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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105
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Khalaf B, Roncador A, Pischedda F, Casini A, Thomas S, Piccoli G, Kiebler M, Macchi P. Ankyrin-G induces nucleoporin Nup358 to associate with the axon initial segment of neurons. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.222802. [PMID: 31427429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nup358 (also known as RanBP2) is a member of the large nucleoporin family that constitutes the nuclear pore complex. Depending on the cell type and the physiological state, Nup358 interacts with specific partner proteins and influences distinct mechanisms independent of its role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we provide evidence that Nup358 associates selectively with the axon initial segment (AIS) of mature neurons, mediated by the AIS scaffold protein ankyrin-G (AnkG, also known as Ank3). The N-terminus of Nup358 is demonstrated to be sufficient for its localization at the AIS. Further, we show that Nup358 is expressed as two isoforms, one full-length and another shorter form of Nup358. These isoforms differ in their subcellular distribution in neurons and expression level during neuronal development. Overall, the present study highlights an unprecedented localization of Nup358 within the AIS and suggests its involvement in neuronal function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Khalaf
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roncador
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischedda
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Biology of Synapses, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Casini
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sabine Thomas
- Department for Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Biology of Synapses, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Kiebler
- Department for Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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106
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Schorova L, Pronot M, Poupon G, Prieto M, Folci A, Khayachi A, Brau F, Cassé F, Gwizdek C, Martin S. The synaptic balance between sumoylation and desumoylation is maintained by the activation of metabotropic mGlu5 receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3019-3031. [PMID: 30904951 PMCID: PMC11105596 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a reversible post-translational modification essential to the modulation of neuronal function, including neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. A tightly regulated equilibrium between the sumoylation and desumoylation processes is critical to the brain function and its disruption has been associated with several neurological disorders. This sumoylation/desumoylation balance is governed by the activity of the sole SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and a group of desumoylases called SENPs, respectively. We previously demonstrated that the activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5R) triggers the transient trapping of Ubc9 in dendritic spines, leading to a rapid increase in the overall synaptic sumoylation. However, the mechanisms balancing this increased synaptic sumoylation are still not known. Here, we examined the diffusion properties of the SENP1 enzyme using a combination of advanced biochemical approaches and restricted photobleaching/photoconversion of individual hippocampal spines. We demonstrated that the activation of mGlu5R leads to a time-dependent decrease in the exit rate of SENP1 from dendritic spines. The resulting post-synaptic accumulation of SENP1 restores synaptic sumoylation to initial levels. Altogether, our findings reveal the mGlu5R system as a central activity-dependent mechanism to maintaining the homeostasis of sumoylation at the mammalian synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Schorova
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie Pronot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Gwénola Poupon
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Marta Prieto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Alessandra Folci
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Cassé
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Gwizdek
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphane Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, 660 route des lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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107
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Abrieu A, Liakopoulos D. How Does SUMO Participate in Spindle Organization? Cells 2019; 8:E801. [PMID: 31370271 PMCID: PMC6721559 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like protein SUMO is a regulator involved in most cellular mechanisms. Recent studies have discovered new modes of function for this protein. Of particular interest is the ability of SUMO to organize proteins in larger assemblies, as well as the role of SUMO-dependent ubiquitylation in their disassembly. These mechanisms have been largely described in the context of DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, or signaling, while much less is known on how SUMO facilitates organization of microtubule-dependent processes during mitosis. Remarkably however, SUMO has been known for a long time to modify kinetochore proteins, while more recently, extensive proteomic screens have identified a large number of microtubule- and spindle-associated proteins that are SUMOylated. The aim of this review is to focus on the possible role of SUMOylation in organization of the spindle and kinetochore complexes. We summarize mitotic and microtubule/spindle-associated proteins that have been identified as SUMO conjugates and present examples regarding their regulation by SUMO. Moreover, we discuss the possible contribution of SUMOylation in organization of larger protein assemblies on the spindle, as well as the role of SUMO-targeted ubiquitylation in control of kinetochore assembly and function. Finally, we propose future directions regarding the study of SUMOylation in regulation of spindle organization and examine the potential of SUMO and SUMO-mediated degradation as target for antimitotic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Abrieu
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Dimitris Liakopoulos
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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108
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Allegra A, Innao V, Allegra AG, Pugliese M, Di Salvo E, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Cytokines of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112822. [PMID: 31185596 PMCID: PMC6600674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all multiple myeloma (MM) cases have been demonstrated to be linked to earlier monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Nevertheless, there are no identified characteristics in the diagnosis of MGUS that have been helpful in differentiating subjects whose cancer may progress to a malignant situation. Regarding malignancy, the role of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines at the beginning of neoplastic diseases is now incontestable. In this review, we have concentrated our attention on the equilibrium between the diverse lymphocyte subsets and the cytokine system and summarized the current state of knowledge, providing an overview of the condition of the entire system in MGUS and MM. In an age where the therapy of neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies largely relies on drugs capable of acting on the immune system (immunomodulants, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T), detailed knowledge of the the differences existing in benign and neoplastic forms of gammopathy is the main foundation for the adequate and optimal use of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marta Pugliese
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria SNC, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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109
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Vera Rodriguez A, Frey S, Görlich D. Engineered SUMO/protease system identifies Pdr6 as a bidirectional nuclear transport receptor. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2006-2020. [PMID: 31023724 PMCID: PMC6548132 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of affinity tags by specific proteases can be exploited for highly selective affinity chromatography. The SUMO/SENP1 system is the most efficient for such application but fails in eukaryotic expression because it cross-reacts with endogenous proteases. Using a novel selection system, we have evolved the SUMOEu/SENP1Eu pair to orthogonality with the yeast and animal enzymes. SUMOEu fusions therefore remain stable in eukaryotic cells. Likewise, overexpressing a SENP1Eu protease is nontoxic in yeast. We have used the SUMOEu system in an affinity-capture-proteolytic-release approach to identify interactors of the yeast importin Pdr6/Kap122. This revealed not only further nuclear import substrates such as Ubc9, but also Pil1, Lsp1, eIF5A, and eEF2 as RanGTP-dependent binders and thus as export cargoes. We confirmed that Pdr6 functions as an exportin in vivo and depletes eIF5A and eEF2 from cell nuclei. Thus, Pdr6 is a bidirectional nuclear transport receptor (i.e., a biportin) that shuttles distinct sets of cargoes in opposite directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vera Rodriguez
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Frey
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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110
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Ferreira PA. The coming-of-age of nucleocytoplasmic transport in motor neuron disease and neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2247-2273. [PMID: 30742233 PMCID: PMC6531325 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore is the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic transport and signaling through which a vast flux of information is continuously exchanged between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to maintain cellular homeostasis. A unifying and organizing principle has recently emerged that cements the notion that several forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and growing number of other neurodegenerative diseases, co-opt the dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport and that this impairment is a pathogenic driver of neurodegeneration. The understanding of shared pathomechanisms that underpin neurodegenerative diseases with impairments in nucleocytoplasmic transport and how these interface with current concepts of nucleocytoplasmic transport is bound to illuminate this fundamental biological process in a yet more physiological context. Here, I summarize unresolved questions and evidence and extend basic and critical concepts and challenges of nucleocytoplasmic transport and its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS. These principles will help to appreciate the roles of nucleocytoplasmic transport in the pathogenesis of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, and generate a framework for new ideas of the susceptibility of motoneurons, and possibly other neurons, to degeneration by dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Ferreira
- Duke University Medical Center, DUEC 3802, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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111
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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112
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Bentz GL, Lowrey AJ, Horne DC, Nguyen V, Satterfield AR, Ross TD, Harrod AE, Uchakina ON, McKallip RJ. Using glycyrrhizic acid to target sumoylation processes during Epstein-Barr virus latency. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217578. [PMID: 31125383 PMCID: PMC6534330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular sumoylation processes are proposed targets for anti-viral and anti-cancer therapies. We reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) dysregulates cellular sumoylation processes, contributing to its oncogenic potential in EBV-associated malignancies. Ginkgolic acid and anacardic acid, known inhibitors of sumoylation, inhibit LMP1-induced protein sumoylation; however, both drugs have adverse effects in hosts. Here we test the effects of glycyrrhizic acid, a medicinal botanical extract with anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-viral properties, on cellular sumoylation processes. While glycyrrhizic acid is known to inhibit EBV penetration, its affect on cellular sumoylation processes remains to be documented. We hypothesized that glycyrrhizic acid inhibits cellular sumoylation processes and may be a viable treatment for Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies. Results showed that glycyrrhizic acid inhibited sumoylation processes (without affecting ubiquitination processes), limited cell growth, and induced apoptosis in multiple cell lines. Similar to ginkgolic acid; glycyrrhizic acid targeted the first step of the sumoylation process and resulted in low levels of spontaneous EBV reactivation. Glycyrrhizic acid did not affect induced reactivation of the virus, but the presence of the extract did reduce the ability of the produced virus to infect additional cells. Therefore, we propose that glycyrrhizic acid may be a potential therapeutic drug to augment the treatment of EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L. Bentz
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela J. Lowrey
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dustin C. Horne
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Austin R. Satterfield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tabithia D. Ross
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Abigail E. Harrod
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Olga N. Uchakina
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert J. McKallip
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, United States of America
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113
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Liang HX, Liu HW. Inducible Expression of Ran1 and Its GDP- and GTP-Bound Mimetic Mutants Leads to Defects in Amitosis and Cytokinesis with Abnormal Cytoplasmic Microtubule Assembly. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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114
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Ambaye ND. Noncovalent structure of SENP1 in complex with SUMO2. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 75:332-339. [PMID: 31045562 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19004266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification in which a small ubiquitin-like molecule (SUMO) is appended to substrate proteins and is known to influence myriads of biological processes. A delicate interplay between several families of SUMOylation proteins and their substrates ensures the proper level of SUMOylation required for normal cell function. Among the SUMO proteins, SUMO2 is known to form mono-SUMOylated proteins and engage in poly-SUMO chain formation, while sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is a key enzyme in regulating both events. Determination of the SENP1-SUMO2 interaction is therefore necessary to better understand SUMOylation. In this regard, the current paper reports the noncovalent structure of SENP1 in complex with SUMO2, which was refined to a resolution of 2.62 Å with R and Rfree values of 22.92% and 27.66%, respectively. The structure shows that SENP1-SUMO2 complex formation is driven largely by polar interactions and limited hydrophobic contacts. The essential C-terminal motif (QQTGG) of SUMO2 is stabilized by a number of specific bonding interactions that enable it to protrude into the catalytic triad of SENP1 and provide the arrangement necessary for maturation of SUMO and deSUMOylation activity. Overall, the structure shows a number of structural details that pinpoint the basis of SENP1-SUMO2 complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus D Ambaye
- Department of Immune-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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115
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Kaur A, Gourav, Kumar S, Jaiswal N, Vashisht A, Kumar D, Gahlay GK, Mithu VS. NMR characterization of conformational fluctuations and noncovalent interactions of SUMO protein from Drosophila melanogaster (dSmt3). Proteins 2019; 87:658-667. [PMID: 30958586 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity in the native-state ensemble of dSmt3, the only small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in Drosophila melanogaster, was investigated and compared with its human homologue SUMO1. Temperature dependence of amide proton's chemical shift was studied to identify amino acids possessing alternative structural conformations in the native state. Effect of small concentration of denaturant (1M urea) on this population was also monitored to assess the ruggedness of near-native energy landscape. Owing to presence of many such amino acids, especially in the β2 -loop-α region, the native state of dSmt3 seems more flexible in comparison to SUMO1. Information about backbone dynamics in ns-ps timescale was quantified from the measurement of 15 N-relaxation experiments. Furthermore, the noncovalent interaction of dSmt3 and SUMO1 with Daxx12 (Daxx729 DPEEIIVLSDSD740 ), a [V/I]-X-[V/I]-[V/I]-based SUMO interaction motif, was characterized using Bio-layer Interferometery and NMR spectroscopy. Daxx12 fits itself in the groove formed by β2 -loop-α structural region in both dSmt3 and SUMO1, but the binding is stronger with the former. Flexibility of β2 -loop-α region in dSmt3 is suspected to assist its interaction with Daxx12. Our results highlight the role of native-state flexibility in assisting noncovalent interactions of SUMO proteins especially in organisms where a single SUMO isoform has to tackle multiple substrates single handedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gourav
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Nancy Jaiswal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Vashisht
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gagandeep K Gahlay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Venus S Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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116
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Fox BM, Janssen A, Estevez-Ordonez D, Gessler F, Vicario N, Chagoya G, Elsayed G, Sotoudeh H, Stetler W, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. SUMOylation in Glioblastoma: A Novel Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081853. [PMID: 30991648 PMCID: PMC6514907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is a dynamic post-translational modification which is involved in a diverse set of physiologic processes throughout the cell. Of note, SUMOylation also plays a role in the pathobiology of a myriad of cancers, one of which is glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, herein, we review core aspects of SUMOylation as it relates to GBM and in so doing highlight putative methods/modalities capable of therapeutically engaging the pathway for treatment of this deadly neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Fox
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 121, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew Janssen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 97, Torre Biologica, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Galal Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Houman Sotoudeh
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Jefferson Tower N419-619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - William Stetler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Jefferson Tower N419-619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder 512, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 121, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as the sole bidirectional gateway of macromolecules in and out of the nucleus. Owing to its size and complexity (∼1,000 protein subunits, ∼110 MDa in humans), the NPC has remained one of the foremost challenges for structure determination. Structural studies have now provided atomic-resolution crystal structures of most nucleoporins. The acquisition of these structures, combined with biochemical reconstitution experiments, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and cryo-electron tomography, has facilitated the determination of the near-atomic overall architecture of the symmetric core of the human, fungal, and algal NPCs. Here, we discuss the insights gained from these new advances and outstanding issues regarding NPC structure and function. The powerful combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches toward determining the structure of the NPC offers a paradigm for uncovering the architectures of other complex biological machines to near-atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - André Hoelz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
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118
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Nakamura M, Notsu K, Nakagawa M. Heat shock protein 60 negatively regulates the biological functions of ubiquitin-like protein MNSFβ in macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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119
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Wu D, Wu L, An H, Bao H, Guo P, Zhang B, Zheng H, Zhang F, Ge W, Cai Y, Xi Y, Yang X. RanGAP-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport of Prospero regulates neural stem cell lifespan in Drosophila larval central brain. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12854. [PMID: 30549175 PMCID: PMC6351831 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By the end of neurogenesis in Drosophila pupal brain neuroblasts (NBs), nuclear Prospero (Pros) triggers cell cycle exit and terminates NB lifespan. Here, we reveal that in larval brain NBs, an intrinsic mechanism facilitates import and export of Pros across the nuclear envelope via a Ran‐mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport system. In rangap mutants, the export of Pros from the nucleus to cytoplasm is impaired and the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Pros becomes one‐way traffic, causing an early accumulation of Pros in the nuclei of the larval central brain NBs. This nuclear Pros retention initiates NB cell cycle exit and leads to a premature decrease of total NB numbers. Our data indicate that RanGAP plays a crucial role in this intrinsic mechanism that controls NB lifespan during neurogenesis. Our study may provide insights into understanding the lifespan of neural stem cells during neurogenesis in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Litao Wu
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Huanping An
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hongcun Bao
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Huimei Zheng
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics The Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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120
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van Wijk SJ, Fulda S, Dikic I, Heilemann M. Visualizing ubiquitination in mammalian cells. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846520. [PMID: 30665942 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification of proteins with ubiquitin is essential for the majority of biological processes in mammalian cells. Numerous proteins are conjugated with single or multiple ubiquitin molecules or chains in a dynamic fashion, often determining protein half-lives, localization or function. Experimental approaches to study ubiquitination have been dominated by genetic and biochemical analysis of enzyme structure-function relationships, reaction mechanisms and physiological relevance. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in microscopy-based imaging of ubiquitination, available reagents and technologies. We discuss the progress in direct and indirect imaging of differentially linked ubiquitin chains in fixed and living cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, illustrated by the role of ubiquitin in antibacterial autophagy and pro-inflammatory signalling. Finally, we speculate on future developments and forecast a transition from qualitative to quantitative super-resolution approaches to understand fundamental aspects of ubiquitination and the formation and distribution of functional E3 ligase protein complexes in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Jl van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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121
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Alves da Costa C, Duplan E, Rouland L, Checler F. The Transcription Factor Function of Parkin: Breaking the Dogma. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:965. [PMID: 30697141 PMCID: PMC6341214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PRKN (PARK2) is a key gene involved in both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease that encodes parkin (PK). Since its discovery by the end of the 90s, both functional and more recently, structural studies led to a consensual view of PK as an E3 ligase only. It is generally considered that this function conditions the cellular load of a subset of cytosolic proteins prone to proteasomal degradation and that a loss of E3 ligase function triggers an accumulation of potentially toxic substrates and, consequently, a neuronal loss. Furthermore, PK molecular interplay with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a serine threonine kinase also involved in recessive cases of Parkinson’s disease, is considered to underlie the mitophagy process. Thus, since mitochondrial homeostasis significantly governs cell health, there is a huge interest of the scientific community centered on PK function. In 2009, we have demonstrated that PK could also act as a transcription factor (TF) and induces neuroprotection via the downregulation of the pro-apoptotic and tumor suppressor factor, p53. Importantly, the DNA-binding properties of PK and its nuclear localization suggested an important role in the control of several genes. The duality of PK subcellular localization and of its associated ubiquitin ligase and TF functions suggests that PK could behave as a key molecular modulator of various physiological cellular signaling pathways that could be disrupted in pathological contexts. Here, we update the current knowledge on PK direct and indirect TF-mediated control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Alves da Costa
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) DistAlz", Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Duplan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) DistAlz", Valbonne, France
| | - Lila Rouland
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) DistAlz", Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) DistAlz", Valbonne, France
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122
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Pappas SS, Liang CC, Kim S, Rivera CO, Dauer WT. TorsinA dysfunction causes persistent neuronal nuclear pore defects. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:407-420. [PMID: 29186574 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical challenge to deciphering the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disease is identifying which of the myriad abnormalities that emerge during CNS maturation persist to contribute to long-term brain dysfunction. Childhood-onset dystonia caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the AAA+ protein torsinA exemplifies this challenge. Neurons lacking torsinA develop transient nuclear envelope (NE) malformations during CNS maturation, but no NE defects are described in mature torsinA null neurons. We find that during postnatal CNS maturation torsinA null neurons develop mislocalized and dysfunctional nuclear pore complexes (NPC) that lack NUP358, normally added late in NPC biogenesis. SUN1, a torsinA-related molecule implicated in interphase NPC biogenesis, also exhibits localization abnormalities. Whereas SUN1 and associated nuclear membrane abnormalities resolve in juvenile mice, NPC defects persist into adulthood. These findings support a role for torsinA function in NPC biogenesis during neuronal maturation and implicate altered NPC function in dystonia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumin Kim
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
| | | | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,VA Ann Arbor Health System, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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123
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) happen after or during protein translation. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins are covalently attached to certain lysine residues of the target proteins to modify their activity, stability, or localization. This process is called SUMOylation, which is a reversible PTM: SUMO protease enzymes can cleave SUMOs off the target protein backbone. Although many ubiquitinated proteins are targeted for degradation, SUMOylation does not necessary lead to the degradation of the modified protein but lead to the regulation of various physiological responses. SUMOylation of the examined protein cannot simply be monitored by immunoblotting techniques performed on total protein extracts, due to the SUMO-specific signals derived from other modified molecules. Furthermore, the fact that only a limited fraction of the target protein pool is SUMOylated makes the detection of SUMOylated proteins challenging. This protocol shows how SUMOylated phytochrome B (phyB) molecules can be detected using homologous and heterologous experimental systems in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Orosa
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, County Durham, UK
| | - András Viczián
- Biological Research Centre, Plant Biology Institute, Szeged, Hungary.
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124
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Zhang DY, Yu K, Yang Z, Liu XZ, Ma XF, Li YX. Variation in expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers in injured sciatic nerve of mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1455-1461. [PMID: 30964073 PMCID: PMC6524499 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November 8, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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125
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Sun S. Deciphering the SUMO code in the kidney. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:711-719. [PMID: 30506859 PMCID: PMC6349152 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation of proteins is an important regulatory element in modulating protein function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, diabetes, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Growing evidence has pointed to a significant role of SUMO in kidney diseases such as DN, RCC, nephritis, AKI, hypertonic stress and nephrolithiasis. Recently, emerging studies in podocytes demonstrated that SUMO might have a protective role against podocyte apoptosis. However, the SUMO code responsible for beneficial outcome in the kidney remains to be decrypted. Our recent experiments have revealed that the expression of both SUMO and SUMOylated proteins is appreciably elevated in hypoxia‐induced tubular epithelial cells (TECs) as well as in the unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) mouse model, suggesting a role of SUMO in TECs injury and renal fibrosis. In this review, we attempt to decipher the SUMO code in the development of kidney diseases by summarizing the defined function of SUMO and looking forward to the potential role of SUMO in kidney diseases, especially in the pathology of renal fibrosis and CKD, with the goal of developing strategies that maximize correct interpretation in clinical therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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126
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Trinh LA, Chong-Morrison V, Sauka-Spengler T. Biotagging, an in vivo biotinylation approach for cell-type specific subcellular profiling in zebrafish. Methods 2018; 150:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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127
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Wang M, Jiang X. The significance of SUMOylation of angiogenic factors in cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:130-137. [PMID: 30261153 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1523854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of endothelial cell migration and proliferation induced by angiogenic factors, which is essential for the development of tumors. In recent years, studies have reported that SUMOylation acts on tumor angiogenesis by targeting angiogenic factors as one of post-translational modifications of proteins. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a new treatment method for tumor treatment following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and it inhibits tumor growth by blocking tumor blood vessels. Therefore, SUMOylation may become a potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy. This article focuses on the effect of SUMOylation on vascular growth factors, important signaling pathways proteins, and the migration and function of endothelial cells, in order to provide a new research idea for the anti-angiogenic therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- a Tumor laboratory, Department of Tumor Oncology , The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Lianyungang City , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- b Department of Tumor Oncology , The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Lianyungang City , Jiangsu Province , China
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128
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh P, Singh DP. Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 repairs aberrant Sumoylation-mediated Sp1 dysregulation-dependent Prdx6 repression and cell injury in aging and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2284-2315. [PMID: 30215601 PMCID: PMC6188488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of antioxidant response in aging is a major culprit in the initiation of age-related pathobiology induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a marked reduction in transcription factor Sp1 and its mediated Prdx6 expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs) leading to cell death. Herein, we examined how Sp1 activity goes awry during oxidative stress/aging, and whether it is remediable. We found that Sp1 is hyper-Sumoylated at lysine (K) 16 residue in aging LECs. DNA binding and promoter assays revealed, in aging and oxidative stress, a significant reduction in Sp1 overall binding, and specifically to Prdx6 promoter. Expression/overexpression assay revealed that the observed reduction in Sp1-DNA binding activity was connected to its hyper-Sumoylation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sumo1 levels, and reduced levels of Senp1, Prdx6 and Sp1. Mutagenesis of Sp1 at K16R (arginine) residue restored steady-state, and improved Sp1-DNA binding activity and transactivation potential. Extrinsic expression of Sp1K16R increased cell survival and reduced ROS levels by upregulating Prdx6 expression in LECs under aging/oxidative stress, demonstrating that Sp1K16R escapes the aberrant Sumoylation processes. Intriguingly, the deleterious processes are reversible by the delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6, an antioxidant, which would be a candidate molecule to restrict aging pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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129
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Wang Z, Wu C, Aslanian A, Yates JR, Hunter T. Defective RNA polymerase III is negatively regulated by the SUMO-Ubiquitin-Cdc48 pathway. eLife 2018; 7:35447. [PMID: 30192228 PMCID: PMC6128692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is an essential cellular process, and mutations in Pol III can cause neurodegenerative disease in humans. However, in contrast to Pol II transcription, which has been extensively studied, the knowledge of how Pol III is regulated is very limited. We report here that in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pol III is negatively regulated by the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO), an essential post-translational modification pathway. Besides sumoylation, Pol III is also targeted by ubiquitylation and the Cdc48/p97 segregase; these three processes likely act in a sequential manner and eventually lead to proteasomal degradation of Pol III subunits, thereby repressing Pol III transcription. This study not only uncovered a regulatory mechanism for Pol III, but also suggests that the SUMO and ubiquitin modification pathways and the Cdc48/p97 segregase can be potential therapeutic targets for Pol III-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Catherine Wu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
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130
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Stankovic-Valentin N, Melchior F. Control of SUMO and Ubiquitin by ROS: Signaling and disease implications. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30059710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) ensure rapid signal transmission from sensors to effectors. Reversible modification of proteins by the small proteins Ubiquitin and SUMO are involved in virtually all cellular processes and can modify thousands of proteins. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation is the reversible attachment of these modifiers to lysine residues of a target via isopeptide bond formation. These modifications require ATP and an enzymatic cascade composed of three classes of proteins: E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. The reversibility of the modification is ensured by specific isopeptidases. E1 and E2 enzymes, some E3 ligases and most isopeptidases have catalytic cysteine residues, which make them potentially susceptible for oxidation. Indeed, an increasing number of examples reveal regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation by reactive oxygen species, both in the context of redox signaling and in severe oxidative stress. Importantly, ubiquitination and SUMOylation play essential roles in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, participating in the control of ROS production and clearance. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between ROS homeostasis, Ubiquitin and SUMO pathways and the implications for the oxidative stress response and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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131
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Stankova T, Piepkorn L, Bayer TA, Jahn O, Tirard M. SUMO1-conjugation is altered during normal aging but not by increased amyloid burden. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12760. [PMID: 29633471 PMCID: PMC6052395 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper equilibrium of post-translational protein modifications is essential for normal cell physiology, and alteration in these processes is key in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Recently, for instance, alteration in protein SUMOylation has been linked to amyloid pathology. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the role of protein SUMOylation during aging and increased amyloid burden in vivo using a His6 -HA-SUMO1 knock-in mouse in the 5XFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, we did not observe any alteration in the levels of SUMO1-conjugation related to Alzheimer's disease. SUMO1 conjugates remained localized to neuronal nuclei upon increased amyloid burden and during aging and were not detected in amyloid plaques. Surprisingly however, we observed age-related alterations in global levels of SUMO1 conjugation and at the level of individual substrates using quantitative proteomic analysis. The identified SUMO1 candidate substrates are dominantly nuclear proteins, mainly involved in RNA processing. Our findings open novel directions of research for studying a functional link between SUMOylation and its role in guarding nuclear functions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayana Stankova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG); Göttingen Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Marilyn Tirard
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
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132
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Site-specific characterization of endogenous SUMOylation across species and organs. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2456. [PMID: 29942033 PMCID: PMC6018634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are post-translational modifications that play crucial roles in most cellular processes. While methods exist to study exogenous SUMOylation, large-scale characterization of endogenous SUMO2/3 has remained technically daunting. Here, we describe a proteomics approach facilitating system-wide and in vivo identification of lysines modified by endogenous and native SUMO2. Using a peptide-level immunoprecipitation enrichment strategy, we identify 14,869 endogenous SUMO2/3 sites in human cells during heat stress and proteasomal inhibition, and quantitatively map 1963 SUMO sites across eight mouse tissues. Characterization of the SUMO equilibrium highlights striking differences in SUMO metabolism between cultured cancer cells and normal tissues. Targeting preferences of SUMO2/3 vary across different organ types, coinciding with markedly differential SUMOylation states of all enzymes involved in the SUMO conjugation cascade. Collectively, our systemic investigation details the SUMOylation architecture across species and organs and provides a resource of endogenous SUMOylation sites on factors important in organ-specific functions. Proteomics is a powerful method to study protein SUMOylation, but system-wide insights into endogenous SUMO2/3 modification events are still sparse. Here, the authors develop a more sensitive SUMO proteomics approach, providing detailed maps of endogenous SUMO2/3 sites in human cells and mouse tissues.
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133
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Nie X, Li B, Wang S. Epigenetic and Posttranslational Modifications in Regulating the Biology of Aspergillus Species. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 105:191-226. [PMID: 30342722 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic and posttranslational modifications have been proved to participate in multiple cellular processes and suggested to be an important regulatory mechanism on transcription of genes in eukaryotes. However, our knowledge about epigenetic and posttranslational modifications mainly comes from the studies of yeasts, plants, and animals. Recently, epigenetic and posttranslational modifications have also raised concern for the relevance of regulating fungal biology in Aspergillus. Emerging evidence indicates that these modifications could be a connection between genetic elements and environmental factors, and their combined effects may finally lead to fungal phenotypical changes. This article describes the advances in typical DNA and protein modifications in the genus Aspergillus, focusing on methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and neddylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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134
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Gu Y, Wang JM, Zhang ZF, Wang J, Cao YL, Pan CJ, Yin LR, Du J. The association between polymorphisms of genes related to inflammation and recurrent pregnancy loss. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:349-352. [PMID: 29084471 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1395837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in 1-2% of pregnant women and about 50% of RPL cases are unexplained. Previous studies have shown that genetic variation in immune response genes can contribute to the risk in pregnancy maintenance during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between RPL and genes those have previously been associated with an inflammatory process on 107 RPL cases and 187 healthy controls. METHODS In this work, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms was examined by utilizing the direct sequencing and the Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULTS The FAU rs769440 G allele had higher frequencies in patients with RPL (p = .019). No association was observed between other polymorphisms and RPL. CONCLUSION The results showed an association between FAU rs769440 polymorphism and RPL in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- a The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jian Mei Wang
- a The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhao Feng Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yun Lei Cao
- b Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Cai Jun Pan
- a The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Li Rong Yin
- a The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jing Du
- b Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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135
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Reichman R, Shi Z, Malone R, Smolikove S. Mitotic and Meiotic Functions for the SUMOylation Pathway in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline. Genetics 2018; 208:1421-1441. [PMID: 29472245 PMCID: PMC5887140 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly regulated process, partly due to the need to break and then repair DNA as part of the meiotic program. Post-translational modifications are widely used during meiotic events to regulate steps such as protein complex formation, checkpoint activation, and protein attenuation. In this paper, we investigate how proteins that are obligatory components of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway, one such post-translational modification, affect the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We show that UBC-9, the E2 conjugation enzyme, and the C. elegans homolog of SUMO, SMO-1, localize to germline nuclei throughout prophase I. Mutant analysis of smo-1 and ubc-9 revealed increased recombination intermediates throughout the germline, originating during the mitotic divisions. SUMOylation mutants also showed late meiotic defects including defects in the restructuring of oocyte bivalents and endomitotic oocytes. Increased rates of noninterfering crossovers were observed in ubc-9 heterozygotes, even though interfering crossovers were unaffected. We have also identified a physical interaction between UBC-9 and DNA repair protein MRE-11 ubc-9 and mre-11 null mutants exhibited similar phenotypes at germline mitotic nuclei and were synthetically sick. These phenotypes and genetic interactions were specific to MRE-11 null mutants as opposed to RAD-50 or resection-defective MRE-11 We propose that the SUMOylation pathway acts redundantly with MRE-11, and in this process MRE-11 likely plays a structural role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Reichman
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Zhuoyue Shi
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Robert Malone
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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136
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Pawale VS, Yadav P, Roy RP. Facile One-Step Assembly of Bona Fide SUMO Conjugates by Chemoenzymatic Ligation. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1137-1141. [PMID: 29575440 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) to target proteins occurs through a complex machinery that involves sequential action of at least three enzymes. SUMOylation performs crucial regulatory functions in several cellular processes. The availability of well-defined SUMO conjugates is necessary for untangling the mechanism of SUMOylation. However, assembly of homogeneous SUMO conjugates represents a challenge because of the multi-step synthesis involved and the unwieldiness of the reconstituted biosynthetic systems. Here we describe a simple one-step chemoenzymatic strategy for conjugating engineered SUMO (eSUMO) proteins to a prefabricated isopeptide-linked SUMO target peptide. Notably, the eSUMOs were efficiently recognized by the enzymes of the SUMOylation machinery and the SUMO conjugates served as bona fide substrates for DeSUMOylating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S Pawale
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prity Yadav
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajendra P Roy
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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137
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Tang B, Zhang CY. The strategies for identification and quantification of SUMOylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:6989-6998. [PMID: 28589199 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that plays critical roles in a multitude of cellular processes including transcription, cellular localization, DNA repair and cell cycle progression. Similar to ubiquitin, the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are covalently attached to the epsilon amino group of lysine residues in the substrates. To understand the regulation and the dynamics of post-translational modifications (PTMs), the identification and quantification of SUMOylation is strictly needed. Although numerous proteomic approaches have been developed to identify hundreds of SUMO target proteins, the number of SUMOylation signatures identified from endogenous modified proteins is limited, and the identification of precise acceptor sites remains a challenge due to the low abundance of in vivo SUMO-modified proteins and the high activity of SUMO-specific proteases in cell lysates. In particular, very few sensitive strategies are available for accurate quantification of SUMO target proteins. Within the past decade, mass spectrometry-based strategies have been the most popular technologies for proteome-wide studies of SUMOylation. Recently, some new approaches such as single-molecule detection have been introduced. In this review, we summarize the strategies that have been exploited for enrichment, purification and identification of SUMOylation substrates and acceptor sites as well as ultrasensitive quantification of SUMOylation. We highlight the emerging trends in this field as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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138
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Khayachi A, Gwizdek C, Poupon G, Alcor D, Chafai M, Cassé F, Maurin T, Prieto M, Folci A, De Graeve F, Castagnola S, Gautier R, Schorova L, Loriol C, Pronot M, Besse F, Brau F, Deval E, Bardoni B, Martin S. Sumoylation regulates FMRP-mediated dendritic spine elimination and maturation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:757. [PMID: 29472612 PMCID: PMC5823917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent inherited cause of intellectual disability and the best-studied monogenic cause of autism. FXS results from the functional absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leading to abnormal pruning and consequently to synaptic communication defects. Here we show that FMRP is a substrate of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway in the brain and identify its active SUMO sites. We unravel the functional consequences of FMRP sumoylation in neurons by combining molecular replacement strategy, biochemical reconstitution assays with advanced live-cell imaging. We first demonstrate that FMRP sumoylation is promoted by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. We then show that this increase in sumoylation controls the homomerization of FMRP within dendritic mRNA granules which, in turn, regulates spine elimination and maturation. Altogether, our findings reveal the sumoylation of FMRP as a critical activity-dependent regulatory mechanism of FMRP-mediated neuronal function. Fragile X syndrome patients display intellectual disability and autism, caused by mutations in the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Here, the authors show that FMRP sumoylation is required for regulating spine density and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Gwizdek
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Gwénola Poupon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Damien Alcor
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Magda Chafai
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Cassé
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Maurin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Marta Prieto
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | | | - Romain Gautier
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Lenka Schorova
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Céline Loriol
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie Pronot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Florence Besse
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Emmanuel Deval
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphane Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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139
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Han ZJ, Feng YH, Gu BH, Li YM, Chen H. The post-translational modification, SUMOylation, and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1081-1094. [PMID: 29484374 PMCID: PMC5843405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification which has emerged as a crucial molecular regulatory mechanism, involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, immune responses, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Four SUMO isoforms have been identified, which are SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and SUMO4. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression, cellular signaling and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The SUMO catalytic cycle includes maturation, activation, conjugation, ligation and de-modification. The dysregulation of the SUMO system is associated with a number of diseases, particularly cancer. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. SUMO can be used as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we briefly outline the basic concepts of the SUMO system and summarize the involvement of SUMO proteins in cancer cells in order to better understand the role of SUMO in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hu Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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140
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Song Y, Sun B, Hao L, Hu J, Du S, Zhou X, Zhang L, Liu L, Gong L, Chi X, Liu Q, Shao S. Elevated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 expression is involved in proliferation and invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58470-58482. [PMID: 27542262 PMCID: PMC5295444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EF2), is a critical enzyme solely responsible for catalyzing the translocation of the elongated peptidyl-tRNA from the A to P sites of the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis. EF2 is found to be highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and is correlated with cancer cell progression and recurrence. The present study was designed to uncover the function of EF2 on lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cancer cell growth and progression. Our results from clinical tissue studies showed that EF2 protein was significantly overexpressed in LSCC tissues, compared with the adjacent normal lung tissues, which was confirmed by western blotting and tissue microarray. Forced expression of EF2 resulted in the enhancement of lung squamous carcinoma NCI-H520 cells growth through promotion of G2/M progression in cell cycle, activating Akt and Cdc2/Cyclin B1. In nude mice cancer xenograft model, overexpression of EF2 significantly facilitated cell proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, forced expression of EF2 in the cells increased the capabilities of migration and invasion by changing the expressions of EMT-related proteins and genes. These results provided novel insights into the role of EF2 in tumorigenesis and progression in LSCC. EF2-targeted therapy could become a good strategy for the clinical treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - LiHong Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sha Du
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - LiYuan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - LinLin Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - XinMing Chi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Liaoning, China
| | - ShuJuan Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
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141
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Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Arumugam S, Chinnathambi A, Jinsong B, Warrier S, Wang LZ, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Sethi G, Lakshmanan M. Role of novel histone modifications in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11414-11426. [PMID: 29541423 PMCID: PMC5834259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenesis is a multistep process mediated by a variety of factors including epigenetic modifications. Global epigenetic post-translational modifications have been detected in almost all cancers types. Epigenetic changes appear briefly and do not involve permanent changes to the primary DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications occur in key oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and transcription factors, leading to cancer initiation and progression. The most commonly observed epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone lysine methylation and demethylation, histone lysine acetylation and deacetylation. However, there are several other novel post-translational modifications that have been observed in recent times such as neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, poly-ADP ribosylation, ubiquitination as well as transcriptional regulation and these have been briefly discussed in this article. We have also highlighted the diverse epigenetic changes that occur during the process of tumorigenesis and described the role of histone modifications that can occur on tumor suppressor genes as well as oncogenes, which regulate tumorigenesis and can thus form the basis of novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Surendar Arumugam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bian Jinsong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Ling Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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142
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Sumoylation of histone deacetylase 1 regulates MyoD signaling during myogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e427. [PMID: 29328071 PMCID: PMC5799798 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation, the conjugation of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein to a target, has diverse cellular effects. However, the functional roles of the SUMO modification during myogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that basal sumoylation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) enhances the deacetylation of MyoD in undifferentiated myoblasts, whereas further sumoylation of HDAC1 contributes to switching its binding partners from MyoD to Rb to induce myocyte differentiation. Differentiation in C2C12 skeletal myoblasts induced new immunoblot bands above HDAC1 that were gradually enhanced during differentiation. Using SUMO inhibitors and sumoylation assays, we showed that the upper band was caused by sumoylation of HDAC1 during differentiation. Basal deacetylase activity was not altered in the SUMO modification-resistant mutant HDAC1 K444/476R (HDAC1 2R). Either differentiation or transfection of SUMO1 increased HDAC1 activity that was attenuated in HDAC1 2R. Furthermore, HDAC1 2R failed to deacetylate MyoD. Binding of HDAC1 to MyoD was attenuated by K444/476R. Binding of HDAC1 to MyoD was gradually reduced after 2 days of differentiation. Transfection of SUMO1 induced dissociation of HDAC1 from MyoD but potentiated its binding to Rb. SUMO1 transfection further attenuated HDAC1-induced inhibition of muscle creatine kinase luciferase activity that was reversed in HDAC1 2R. HDAC1 2R failed to inhibit myogenesis and muscle gene expression. In conclusion, HDAC1 sumoylation plays a dual role in MyoD signaling: enhancement of HDAC1 deacetylation of MyoD in the basally sumoylated state of undifferentiated myoblasts and dissociation of HDAC1 from MyoD during myogenesis.
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143
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Matunis MJ, Rodriguez MS. Concepts and Methodologies to Study Protein SUMOylation: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1475:3-22. [PMID: 27631794 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6358-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) was simultaneously discovered by several groups at the middle of the 1990s. Although distinct names were proposed including Sentrin, GMP1, PIC1, or SMT3, SUMO became the most popular. Early studies on the functions of SUMOylation focused on activities in the nucleus, including transcription activation, chromatin structure, and DNA repair. However, it is now recognized that SUMOylation affects a large diversity of cellular processes both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm and functions of SUMOylation appear to have undefined limits. SUMO-conjugating enzymes and specific proteases actively regulate the modification status of target proteins. The recent discoveries of ubiquitin-SUMO hybrid chains, multiple SUMO-interacting motifs, and macromolecular complexes regulated by SUMOylation underscore the high complexity of this dynamic reversible system. New conceptual frameworks suggested by these findings have motivated the development of new methodologies to study pre- and post-SUMOylation events in vitro and in vivo, using distinct model organisms. Here we summarize some of the new developments and methodologies in the field, particularly those that will be further elaborated on in the chapters integrating this book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Room W8118, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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144
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Ritterhoff T, Das H, Hao Y, Sakin V, Flotho A, Werner A, Melchior F. Reconstitution of the Recombinant RanBP2 SUMO E3 Ligase Complex. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1475:41-54. [PMID: 27631796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6358-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the few proteins that have SUMO E3 ligase activity is the 358 kDa nucleoporin RanBP2 (Nup358). While small fragments of RanBP2 can stimulate SUMOylation in vitro, the physiologically relevant E3 ligase is a stable multi-subunit complex comprised of RanBP2, SUMOylated RanGAP1, and Ubc9. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to in vitro reconstitute the RanBP2 SUMO E3 ligase complex. With the exception of RanBP2, reconstitution involves untagged full-length proteins. We describe the bacterial expression and purification of all complex components, namely an 86 kDa His-tagged RanBP2 fragment, the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, RanGAP1, and SUMO1, and we provide a protocol for quantitative SUMOylation of RanGAP1. Finally, we present details for the assembly and final purification of the catalytically active RanBP2/RanGAP1*SUMO1/Ubc9 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ritterhoff
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Das
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuqing Hao
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkan Sakin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Flotho
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Werner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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145
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Wang C, Zeng N, Liu S, Miao Q, Zhou L, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Yang H. Interaction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus proteins with SUMO-conjugating enzyme reveals the SUMOylation of nucleocapsid protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189191. [PMID: 29236778 PMCID: PMC5728522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the function of target protein. In this study, we first predicted by software that the multiple proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could be sumoylated. Next, we confirmed that Nsp1β, Nsp4, Nsp9, Nsp10 and nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV could interact with the sole SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9, and Ubc9 could be co-localized with Nsp1β, Nsp4, Nsp9 and Nsp10 in the cytoplasm, while with N protein in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Finally, we demonstrated that N protein could be sumoylated by either SUMO1 or SUMO2/3. In addition, the overexpression of Ubc9 could inhibit viral genomic replication at early period of PRRSV infection and the knockdown of Ubc9 by siRNA could promote the virus replication. These findings reveal the SUMOylation property of PRRSV N protein and the involvement of Ubc9 in PRRSV replication through interaction with multiple proteins of PRRSV. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating the interplay between SUMO modification system and PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanfang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XG); (HY)
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XG); (HY)
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146
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Komiya M, Ito A, Endo M, Hiruma D, Hattori M, Saitoh H, Yoshida M, Ozawa T. A genetic screen to discover SUMOylated proteins in living mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17443. [PMID: 29234079 PMCID: PMC5727073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is indispensable for diverse biological mechanisms. Although various attempts have been made to discover novel SUMO substrate proteins to unveil the roles of SUMOylation, the reversibility of SUMOylation, and the differences in the SUMOylation level still makes it difficult to explore infrequently-SUMOylated proteins in mammalian cells. Here, we developed a method to screen for mammalian SUMOylated proteins using the reconstitution of split fluorescent protein fragments in living mammalian cells. Briefly, the cells harboring cDNAs of SUMOylated proteins were identified by the reconstituted fluorescence emission and separated by cell sorting. The method successfully identified 36 unreported SUMO2-substrate candidates with distinct intracellular localizations and functions. Of the candidates, we found Atac2, a histone acetyltransferase, was SUMOylated at a lysine 408, and further modified by multiple SUMOs without isoform specificity. Because the present method is applicable to other SUMO isoforms and mammalian cell-types, it could contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of SUMOylation in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Saitoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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147
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Liu J, Tao X, Zhang J, Wang P, Sha M, Ma Y, Geng X, Feng L, Shen Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Fang S, Shen Y. Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma progression via mediating p65 nuclear translocation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22206-18. [PMID: 26993772 PMCID: PMC5008356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins participate in a post-translational modification called SUMOylation and regulate a variety of intracellular processes, such as targeting proteins for nuclear import. The nuclear transport of p65 results in the activation of NF-κB, and p65 contains several SUMO interacting motifs (SIMs). However, the relationship between p65 and SUMO1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the potential roles of SUMO1 in HCC via the regulation of p65 subcellular localization. We found that either SUMO1- or p65-positive immunoreactivity was remarkably increased in the nuclei of tumor tissues in HCC patients compared with non-tumor tissues, and further analysis suggested a correlation between SUMO1- and nuclear p65-positive immunoreactivities (R = 0.851, P = 0.002). We also verified the interaction between p65 and SUMO1 in HCC by co-immunoprecipitation. TNF-α and hypoxia increased SUMO1 protein levels and enhanced SUMO1-modified p65 SUMOylation. Moreover, the knockdown of SUMO1 decreased p65 nuclear translocation and inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity. Further the results of this study revealed that the knockdown of SUMO1 suppressed the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. These results suggest that SUMO1 contributes to HCC progression by promoting p65 nuclear translocation and regulating NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manqi Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Chinese People's Liberation Army 123 Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Actuarial Science, School of Continuing Education, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengyun Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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148
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Morris JR, Garvin AJ. SUMO in the DNA Double-Stranded Break Response: Similarities, Differences, and Cooperation with Ubiquitin. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3376-3387. [PMID: 28527786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the varied role that ubiquitination plays in promoting signal amplification, novel protein interactions, and protein turnover has progressed rapidly. This is particularly remarkable in the examination of how DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are repaired, with many components of the ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation, de-conjugation, and recognition machinery now identified as key factors in DSB repair. In addition, a member of the Ub-like family, small Ub-like modifier (SUMO), has also been recognised as integral for efficient repair. Here, we summarise our emerging understanding of SUMOylation both as a distinct modification and as a cooperative modification with Ub, using the cellular response to DNA DSBs as the primary setting to compare these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomics, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomics, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
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149
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Chymkowitch P, Enserink JM. Regulation of tRNA synthesis by posttranslational modifications of RNA polymerase III subunits. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1861:310-319. [PMID: 29127063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) transcribes tRNA genes, 5S RNA as well as a number of other non-coding RNAs. Because transcription by RNAPIII is an energy-demanding process, its activity is tightly linked to the stress levels and nutrient status of the cell. Multiple signaling pathways control RNAPIII activity in response to environmental cues, but exactly how these pathways regulate RNAPIII is still poorly understood. One major target of these pathways is the transcriptional repressor Maf1, which inhibits RNAPIII activity under conditions that are detrimental to cell growth. However, recent studies have found that the cell can also directly regulate the RNAPIII machinery through phosphorylation and sumoylation of RNAPIII subunits. In this review we summarize post-translational modifications of RNAPIII subunits that mainly have been identified in large-scale proteomics studies, and we highlight several examples to discuss their relevance for regulation of RNAPIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chymkowitch
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway; Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371, Norway.
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Jiménez-Canino R, Lorenzo-Díaz F, Odermatt A, Bailey MA, Livingstone DEW, Jaisser F, Farman N, Alvarez de la Rosa D. 11β-HSD2 SUMOylation Modulates Cortisol-Induced Mineralocorticoid Receptor Nuclear Translocation Independently of Effects on Transactivation. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4047-4063. [PMID: 28938454 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) has an essential role in aldosterone target tissues, conferring aldosterone selectivity for the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by converting 11β-hydroxyglucocorticoids to inactive 11-ketosteroids. Congenital deficiency of 11β-HSD2 causes a form of salt-sensitive hypertension known as the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. The disease phenotype, which ranges from mild to severe, correlates well with reduction in enzyme activity. Furthermore, polymorphisms in the 11β-HSD2 coding gene (HSD11B2) have been linked to high blood pressure and salt sensitivity, major cardiovascular risk factors. 11β-HSD2 expression is controlled by different factors such as cytokines, sex steroids, or vasopressin, but posttranslational modulation of its activity has not been explored. Analysis of 11β-HSD2 sequence revealed a consensus site for conjugation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) peptide, a major posttranslational regulatory event in several cellular processes. Our results demonstrate that 11β-HSD2 is SUMOylated at lysine 266. Non-SUMOylatable mutant K266R showed slightly higher substrate affinity and decreased Vmax, but no effects on protein stability or subcellular localization. Despite mild changes in enzyme activity, mutant K266R was unable to prevent cortisol-dependent MR nuclear translocation. The same effect was achieved by coexpression of wild-type 11β-HSD2 with sentrin-specific protease 1, a protease that catalyzes SUMO deconjugation. In the presence of 11β-HSD2-K266R, increased nuclear MR localization did not correlate with increased response to cortisol or increased recruitment of transcriptional coregulators. Taken together, our data suggests that SUMOylation of 11β-HSD2 at residue K266 modulates cortisol-mediated MR nuclear translocation independently of effects on transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Jiménez-Canino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fabián Lorenzo-Díaz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn E W Livingstone
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolette Farman
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
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