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Mahale A, Alkatan H, Alwadani S, Othman M, Suarez MJ, Price A, Al-Hussain H, Jastaneiah S, Yu W, Maktabi A, Deepak EP, Eberhart CG, Asnaghi L. Altered gene expression in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:452-60. [PMID: 26916071 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma is a malignancy of the ocular surface. The molecular drivers responsible for the development and progression of this disease are not well understood. We therefore compared the transcriptional profiles of eight snap-frozen conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas and one in situ lesion with normal conjunctival specimens in order to identify diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. RNA was analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays, and a wide range of transcripts with altered expression identified, including many dysregulated in carcinomas arising at other sites. Among the upregulated genes, we observed more than 30-fold induction of the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 and MMP-11, as well as a prominent increase in the mRNA level of a calcium-binding protein important for the intracellular calcium signaling, S100A2, which was induced over 20-fold in the tumor cohort. Clusterin was the most downregulated gene, with an approximately 180-fold reduction in the mRNA expression. These alterations were all confirmed by qPCR in the samples used for initial microarray analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the overexpression of MMP-11 and S100A2, as well as reductions in clusterin, in several independent in situ carcinomas of conjunctiva. These data identify a number of alterations, including upregulation of MMP-9, MMP-11, and S100A2, as well as downregulation of clusterin, associated with epithelial tumorigenesis in the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Mahale
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alkatan
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alwadani
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maha Othman
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria J Suarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antoinette Price
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wayne Yu
- Microarray Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Azza Maktabi
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward P Deepak
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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102
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Comparative Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinase Family Members Reveals That MMP9 Predicts Survival and Response to Temozolomide in Patients with Primary Glioblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151815. [PMID: 27022952 PMCID: PMC4811585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with GBM. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, are key modulators of tumor invasion and metastasis due to their ECM degradation capacity. The aim of the present study was to identify the most informative MMP member in terms of prognostic and predictive ability for patients with primary GBM. Method The mRNA expression profiles of all MMP genes were obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) and the GSE16011 dataset. MGMT methylation status was also examined by pyrosequencing. The correlation of MMP9 expression with tumor progression was explored in glioma specimens of all grades. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association of MMP9 expression with survival and response to temozolomide. Results MMP9 was the only significant prognostic factor in three datasets for primary glioblastoma patients. Our results indicated that MMP9 expression is correlated with glioma grade (p<0.0001). Additionally, low expression of MMP9 was correlated with better survival outcome (OS: p = 0.0012 and PFS: p = 0.0066), and MMP9 was an independent prognostic factor in primary GBM (OS: p = 0.027 and PFS: p = 0.032). Additionally, the GBM patients with low MMP9 expression benefited from temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy regardless of the MGMT methylation status. Conclusions Patients with primary GBMs with low MMP9 expression may have longer survival and may benefit from temozolomide chemotherapy.
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103
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Kuang J, Zhao M, Li H, Dang W, Li W. Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3009-3014. [PMID: 27123054 PMCID: PMC4840659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the potential target genes and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by bioinformatics analysis. Microarray data of a Gene Expression Omnibus series GSE6631 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which was generated from paired samples of HNSCC and normal tissue from 22 patients, and was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the functions of the identified DEGs. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape software. Between HNSCC and normal samples there was a difference in 419 DEGs, including 196 upregulated and 223 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and collagen metabolic process, while the downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with epidermis development and epidermal cell differentiation. The DEGs were enriched in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and drug metabolism. Fibronectin 1 (FN1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) were hub nodes in the PPI network. These results suggested that cell adhesion and drug metabolism may be associated with HNSCC development, and genes such as FN1, EGFR, COL4A1 and MMP-9 may be potential therapeutic target genes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kuang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of News Office, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Huilian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Healthcare, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Ai F, Zhang X, Li X, Qin Z, Ye Q, Tian L, Tang A, Li N, Li G, Ma J, Shen S. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in a mouse model of chemically induced colitis-associated cancer: the role of microRNAs. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5412-25. [PMID: 25742789 PMCID: PMC4467157 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implicated microRNAs in regulating the production of multiple inflammatory mediators including cytokines and chemokines. We previously elucidated the dynamic activation of key signals that link colitis to colorectal cancer. In this study, we observed a sharp increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) that provided a basis for the inflammation-cancer link, and we questioned whether this was a consequence of the dysregulation of Mmp-specific microRNAs, at least partly. We assayed a panel of murine microRNAs that were predicted to target Mmps and found they were downregulated in the inflammation-cancer link. Furthermore, we demonstrated that three murine microRNAs, namely miR-128, -134, and -330, can target the three Mmps Mmp3, Mmp10, and Mmp13, respectively. We also found that the level of the microRNA-processing enzyme Dicer1 was decreased in the inflammation-cancer link. These microRNAs functioned as tumor suppressors in colon cancer cells, attenuating the proliferation, migration, and invasion potential of murine colon cancer cells as well as angiogenesis and the growth of tumors derived from these cells. Our results suggest that microRNAs modulate the production of key inflammatory mediators and that microRNA dysfunction may contribute to the non-resolving inflammation associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiurong Ye
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
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105
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Ding Z, Lao Y, Zhang H, Fu W, Zhu L, Tan H, Xu H. Griffipavixanthone, a dimeric xanthone extracted from edible plants, inhibits tumor metastasis and proliferation via downregulation of the RAF pathway in esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1826-1837. [PMID: 26646323 PMCID: PMC4811500 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis causes a large number of deaths among esophageal cancer patients. The activation of RAF family proteins elevates tumor metastasis and proliferation. In screen targeting the RAF protein, we identified that Griffipavixanthone (GPX), a dimeric xanthone isolated from Garcinia esculenta, is a B-RAF and C-RAF inhibitor against esophageal cancer cells. Using wound healing, transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays, we confirmed that GPX significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, exposure to GPX rendered cell proliferation and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Our mechanistic study showed that GPX suppressed cancer metastasis and proliferation through downregulation of RAF-MEK-ERK cascades proteins as well as RAF mRNA levels. In a pulmonary metastasis model, the intraperitoneal injection of GPX significantly suppressed esophageal tumor metastasis and ERK protein level in vivo. In conclusion, our present study suggested that GPX could inhibit tumor migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro and in vivo, which indicated the potential of GPX for preventing and treating esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lunlun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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106
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Lu HL, Chen SS, Hsu WT, Lu YC, Lee CC, Wu TS, Lin ML. Suppression of phospho-p85α-GTP-Rac1 lipid raft interaction by bichalcone analog attenuates cancer cell invasion. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2106-2120. [PMID: 26756739 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) acts as a key regulator of cell proliferation and motility, which mediates signals that confer chemoresistance to many human cancer cells. Using small interfering RNAs against matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the MMP-2 promoter-driven luciferase assay, we showed that the new synthetic bichalcone analog TSWU-CD4 inhibits the invasion of human cancer cells by down-regulating MMP-2 expression. Treatment with TSWU-CD4 inhibited MMP-2 expression and cell invasion, which were restored by ectopic wild type (wt) p85α or a constitutively active form of MAPK kinase 3 (CA MKK3), CA MKK6, or CA p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The attenuated formation of lipid raft-associated phospho (p)-p85α-GTP-Rac1 complexes, protein kinase B (Akt) Ser 473 phosphorylation, and cell invasion by TSWU-CD4 was reversed by overexpression of wt p85α or the p85α Brc-homology (BH) domain. The ectopic expression of CA Rac1L61 (but not wt Rac1) could overcome the suppression of Ser 473 phosphorylation, lipid raft association of Akt, the interaction between GTP-bound Rac1 and p85α in lipid rafts, and cell invasion by TSWU-CD4. The involvement of Akt activity in the functions of NF-κB-mediated MMP-2 was further confirmed through the attenuation of Akt phosphorylation signaling using the Akt-specific inhibitor MK-2206 and ectopic expression of NF-κB p65. Collectively, the inhibitory effect of TSWU-CD4 on cancer cell invasion was likely to suppress the p-p85α-GTP-Rac1 interaction in lipid rafts by targeting the p85α BH domain, which resulted in the suppression of MMP-2 expression via the PI3K-Akt-mediated ERK-MKK3/MKK6-p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lu
- Division of Laboratory, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tung Hsu
- Division of Laboratory, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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107
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Chandolia B, Basu SK, Kumar M. Can MMP-9 be a Prognosticator Marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC09-13. [PMID: 26894167 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/14128.7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasion and metastasis of malignant tumours severely endanger the life of cancer patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonly found malignancies in the oral cavity and its survival rate has not improved from past few decades. Since an important risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma is the presence of epithelial dysplasia, it is necessary to check the presence of a prognosticator marker in both of them. As matrix metalloproteinase's (MMP's) are involved in degradation of type IV collagen, which are one of the important components of extracellular matrix components which play a relevant role in several steps of tumour progression such as invasion and metastasis. We have studied MMP-9 expression to evaluate its prognostic potential in oral cancers as well as oral epithelial dysplasia along with tissues of normal oral epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression was examined using immunohistochemistry procedure with MMP-9 in 100 samples including cases of epithelium from normal oral mucosa, oral dysplastic lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. One set of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of the three categories were stained by haematoxylin and eosin. The sections were then evaluated under microscope. Data was examined for statistical significance using SPSS 13.0 by Mann-Whitney Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. RESULTS With MMP-9 gain of expression was noted from Control group to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cytoplasmic staining was seen with MMP-9. Statistically highly significant differences were seen between oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma and statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the oral squamous cell carcinoma group. CONCLUSION This study suggested that oral squamous cell carcinoma shows higher MMP-9 expression as compared to oral epithelial dysplasia followed by epithelium from normal oral mucosa. However, no correlation was found among the histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Chandolia
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.M. College of Dental Sciences and Research , Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Basu
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, M.M. College of Dental Sciences and Research , Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, M.M. College of Dental Sciences and Research , Ambala, Haryana, India
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Abstract
Clear-cell chondrosarcoma is a rare, low-grade variant of chondrosarcoma characterized by slow growth, low metastatic potential, and a predilection for local recurrence long after treatment. We report an unusually aggressive case of clear-cell chondrosarcoma of the humerus with early metastasis to multiple bony sites including femur, thoracic and lumbar spine, sacrum, and iliac bone. Our purpose is to alert physicians to the sarcoma's potential for aggressive behavior, necessitating closer and more frequent followups for early detection and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis. We also review the reported imaging and histological features, which may help identify aggressive cases.
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109
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Quetglas EG, Mujagic Z, Wigge S, Keszthelyi D, Wachten S, Masclee A, Reinisch W. Update on pathogenesis and predictors of response of therapeutic strategies used in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12519-12543. [PMID: 26640330 PMCID: PMC4658608 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that characterize specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has received substantial interest in the past years and is moving forward rapidly with the help of modern technologies. Nevertheless, there is a direct demand to identify adequate biomarkers for predicting and evaluating therapeutic response to different therapies. In this subset, pharmacogenetics deserves more attention as part of the endeavor to provide personalized medicine. The ultimate goal in this area is the adjustment of medication for a patient’s specific genetic background and thereby to improve drug efficacy and safety rates. The aim of the following review is to utilize the latest knowledge on immunopathogenesis of IBD and update the findings on the field of Immunology and Genetics, to evaluate the response to the different therapies. In the present article, more than 400 publications were reviewed but finally 287 included based on design, reproducibility (or expectancy to be reproducible and translationable into humans) or already measured in humans. A few tests have shown clinical applicability. Other, i.e., genetic associations for the different therapies in IBD have not yet shown consistent or robust results. In the close future it is anticipated that this, cellular and genetic material, as well as the determination of biomarkers will be implemented in an integrated molecular diagnostic and prognostic approach to manage IBD patients.
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110
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Liu R, Zheng H, Li W, Guo Q, He S, Hirasaki Y, Hou W, Hua B, Li C, Bao Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Pei Y, Zhang Y. Anti-tumor enhancement of Fei-Liu-Ping ointment in combination with celecoxib via cyclooxygenase-2-mediated lung metastatic inflammatory microenvironment in Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:366. [PMID: 26597177 PMCID: PMC4656184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fei-Liu-Ping (FLP) ointment is an oral prescription medication that has been widely applied to treat lung cancer patients in China. Regulation of the metastatic microenvironment is an important therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The advantage of Traditional Chinese Medicine management of lung cancer lies in the prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Our previous study has demonstrated that FLP ointment could regulate lung inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. However, the effects of FLP on the tumor microenvironment in vivo are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of FLP alone or in combination with celecoxib in the prevention of lung cancer progression by Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 mediated tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Methods 120 Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mice were divided equally into four groups: vehicle, FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib. The dynamic growth of the xenografted tumors was observed using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Mice were sacrificed on day 14, day 21, and day 28, and tumor specimens and lung tissues were harvested to detect the metastasis-associated protein expression. Results Tumor inhibition rate was 15.4, 44.2, 47.4 % at day 14, 37.3, 34.7, 61.5 % at day 21, and 15.5, 10.3, 32.5 % at day 28 after treatment of FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib, respectively. Upon treatment of FLP and celecoxib together, lung metastasis rate was 30 % (8 metastatic nodules) lower than other groups. FLP inhibited Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, FLP inhibited N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and Vimentin expression. Treatment of FLP in combination with celecoxib was more effective than FLP or celecoxib alone in inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptors β, microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression, but increased E-cadherin expression. Conclusions FLP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a Lewis lung xenograft mice model through the Cox-2 pathway. FLP in combination with celecoxib enhanced the antitumor growth and anti-metastasis effects. Traditional Chinese herbs combined with anti-inflammatory drugs might offer a promising strategy to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shulin He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yoshiro Hirasaki
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Conghuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yebo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yingxia Pei
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Peng X, Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Li J, Wang L, Ai P. Evodiamine inhibits the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro via repressing MMP-2 expression. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1173-84. [PMID: 26546460 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evodiamine is one of active alkaloids isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham and has various pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated its effects on the migration, invasion, and associated mechanism in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay after evodiamine treatment. Wound-healing assay and Boyden transwell system were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of evodiamine on cell migration and invasion. MMP-2/9 activity was determined using commercial detection kits. The levels of associated proteins involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Evodiamine effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of HONE1 and CNE1 cells, and hardly affected cell proliferation, but significantly suppressed cell adhesion activity in vitro. Additionally, evodiamine treatment significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and its activity in the NPC cells, but had little effects on MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels and its activity. Further investigation revealed that evodiamine inhibited the translocation of NF-κB p65, which involves the regulation of MMP-2 expression in cancer invasion. Additionally, evodiamine treatment did not significantly affect the protein levels of JNK, p38, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms and ERK1/2, but strongly attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation level, which at least partly accounts for the signal pathway of evodiamine-inhibited migration and invasion of NPC cells. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that evodiamine inhibits the migration and invasiveness of NPC cells, and it is probably a potential agent for the treatment of NPC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbing Peng
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Ai
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
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NIU FENG, ZHAO SONG, XU CHANGYAN, SHA HUI, BI GUIBIN, CHEN LIN, YE LONG, GONG PING, NIE TIANHONG. Potentiation of the antitumor activity of adriamycin against osteosarcoma by cannabinoid WIN-55,212-2. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2415-2421. [PMID: 26622862 PMCID: PMC4580018 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to identify novel therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma, by assessing the antitumor activity of the cannabinoid WIN-55,212-2 and its combined effect with adriamycin (ADM) against the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line. To evaluate the antiproliferative action of these molecules, a Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used. The ability of cannabinoid to inhibit the migration, invasion and angiogenic activity of MG-63 cells were assessed by scratch, Transwell® chamber and angiogenesis assays, respectively, in vitro. To examine the alterations in expression of targeted genes, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used. The administration of cannabinoid combined with ADM was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of MG-63 cells, resulting in a cell viability of 32.12±3.13%, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with the cell viability following treatment with cannabinoid (70.86±7.55%) and ADM (62.87±5.98%) alone. Greater antimetastasis and antiangiogenic activities were also observed following the coadministration of the two agents compared with individual treatments and controls. In addition, the expression levels of Notch-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in MG-63 cells were downregulated following the treatments with cannabinoid alone or in combination with ADM. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that cannabinoid WIN-55,212-2 may significantly potentiate the antiproliferative, antimetastasis and antiangiogenic effects of ADM against MG-63 cells via the downregulation of Notch-1, MMP-2 and VEGF. These findings may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG NIU
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - SONG ZHAO
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - CHANG-YAN XU
- Department of Medical Records, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - HUI SHA
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - GUI-BIN BI
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - LIN CHEN
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - LONG YE
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - PING GONG
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - TIAN-HONG NIE
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Huang CH, Jayakumar T, Chang CC, Fong TH, Lu SH, Thomas PA, Choy CS, Sheu JR. Hinokitiol Exerts Anticancer Activity through Downregulation of MMPs 9/2 and Enhancement of Catalase and SOD Enzymes: In Vivo Augmentation of Lung Histoarchitecture. Molecules 2015; 20:17720-34. [PMID: 26404213 PMCID: PMC6332280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201017720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is extremely resistant to chemotherapy and the death rate is increasing hastily worldwide. Extracellular matrix promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells through the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. Evidence has shown that natural dietary antioxidants are capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth. Our recent studies showed that hinokitiol, a natural bioactive compound, inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and platelets aggregation. The present study is to investigate the anticancer efficacy of hinokitiol against B16-F10 melanoma cells via modulating tumor invasion factors MMPs, antioxidant enzymes in vitro. An in vivo mice model of histological investigation was performed to study the patterns of elastic and collagen fibers. Hinokitiol inhibited the expression and activity of MMPs-2 and -9 in B16-F10 melanoma cells, as measured by western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. An observed increase in protein expression of MMPs 2/9 in melanoma cells was significantly inhibited by hinokitiol. Notably, hinokitiol (1–5 μM) increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the reduction in melanoma cells. Also, hinokitiol (2–10 µM) concentration dependently reduced in vitro Fenton reaction induced hydroxyl radical (OH·) formation. An in vivo study showed that hinokitiol treatment increased elastic fibers (EF), collagens dispersion, and improved alveolar alterations in the lungs of B16/F10 injected mice. Overall, our findings propose that hinokitiol may be a potent anticancer candidate through down regulation of MMPs 9/2, reduction of OH· production and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Tsorng-Harn Fong
- Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Philip Aloysius Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Cheuk-Sing Choy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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114
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Malaponte G, Hafsi S, Polesel J, Castellano G, Spessotto P, Guarneri C, Canevari S, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Matrixmetalloproteinases activation is mediated by osteopontin overexpression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:483-489. [PMID: 26381542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative malignancies with variable patterns of behavior and responses to therapy. NHL development and invasion depend on multiple interactions between tumor cells and non-neoplastic cells. Such interactions are usually modulated by several cytokines. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were activated in human lymphoid cell lines by interleukin-6 (IL-6). The activation of these enzymes is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in human cancers. MMPs are also activated in several cancers by osteopontin (OPN), a secreted glycoprotein that regulates cell adhesion, migration, and survival. However, it is still unclear if MMPs play a role in NHL development and if their activation is determined by OPN and/or IL-6. In the present study, two groups of 78 NHL patients and 95 healthy donors were recruited for the analysis of OPN, MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-6.Significant higher circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, OPN and IL-6 were observed in NHL patients when compared to healthy donors. Similar data were obtained by analyzing the activity of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. The multivariate regression model indicates that, in both NHL cases and healthy donors, OPN is associated with the increase of MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels independently of IL-6. These data were first confirmed by “in silico” analyses and then by “in vitro” experiments conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells randomly selected from both NHL patients and healthy donors.Overall, our data suggest that the activation of MMPs in NHL development is mostly associated with OPN. However, IL-6 may play an important role in the lymphomagenesis through the activation of other molecular pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Malaponte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sameh Hafsi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Santo S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Brown GT, Murray GI. Current mechanistic insights into the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis. J Pathol 2015; 237:273-81. [PMID: 26174849 DOI: 10.1002/path.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent mechanistic developments elucidating the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tumour invasion and metastasis. The ability of tumour cells to invade, migrate, and subsequently metastasize is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. Tumour invasion and metastasis are increasingly being characterized by the dynamic relationship between cancer cells and their microenvironment and developing a greater understanding of these basic pathological mechanisms is crucial. While MMPs have been strongly implicated in these processes as a result of extensive circumstantial evidence--for example, increased expression of individual MMPs in tumours and association of specific MMPs with prognosis--the underpinning mechanisms are only now being elucidated. Recent studies are now providing a mechanistic basis, highlighting and reinforcing the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of specific MMPs as key players in tumour invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Brown
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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116
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Adabi Z, Mohsen Ziaei SA, Imani M, Samzadeh M, Narouie B, Jamaldini SH, Afshari M, Safavi M, Roshandel MR, Hasanzad M. Genetic Polymorphism of MMP2 Gene and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:546-50. [PMID: 26319608 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The polymorphic genetic variants of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) can play critical roles in development and progression of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate if any association exists between MMP2 -1306/T and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS This case-control study comprised a total number of 241 subjects, including 102 patients with PCa and 139 controls with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MMP2 genotypes were detected by RFLP. RESULTS There is no significant difference between different genotypes of MMP2 polymorphism and risk of developing PCa (p = 0.08). Although these genotypes increased the risk of developing PCa 79% (CT vs. CC) and 54% (TT vs. CC), none had a significant effect (p = 0.09 and p = 1 respectively). There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between patients with low and high degrees of PCa (p = 0.4). Therefore, this polymorphism cannot be considered as a protective factor for PCa metastasis. It seems that MMP2 polymorphism has no protective effect on the grading of the tumor (p = 0.8). Our results indicated that MMP2 polymorphism had no role in the vascular invasion of PCa. CONCLUSION We found no association between MMP2 polymorphism and cancer risk, overall or by grade, stage or age of diagnosis. Finally, there was no association between the different genotypes and PSA plasma levels among cases or controls. Further evaluations with larger samples from our population may illuminate the effects of polymorphisms on PCa risk and thus help early diagnosis, follow-up and prognostic determinations for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Adabi
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mohsen Ziaei
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Imani
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samzadeh
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Jamaldini
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Majid Safavi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Roshandel
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ha NH, Woo BH, Kim DJ, Ha ES, Choi JI, Kim SJ, Park BS, Lee JH, Park HR. Prolonged and repetitive exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis increases aggressiveness of oral cancer cells by promoting acquisition of cancer stem cell properties. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9947-60. [PMID: 26178482 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition occurring in the human oral cavity, but our knowledge on its contribution to oral cancer is rather limited. To define crosstalk between chronic periodontitis and oral cancer, we investigated whether Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, plays a role in oral cancer progression. To mimic chronic irritation by P. gingivalis in the oral cavity, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells were infected with P. gingivalis twice a week for 5 weeks. Repeated infection of oral cancer cells by P. gingivalis resulted in morphological changes of host cancer cells into an elongated shape, along with the decreased expression of epithelial cell markers, suggesting acquisition of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. The prolonged exposure to P. gingivalis also promoted migratory and invasive properties of OSCC cells and provided resistance against a chemotherapeutic agent, all of which are described as cellular characteristics undergoing EMT. Importantly, long-term infection by P. gingivalis induced an increase in the expression level of CD44 and CD133, well-known cancer stem cell markers, and promoted the tumorigenic properties of infected cancer cells compared to non-infected controls. Furthermore, increased invasiveness of P. gingivalis-infected OSCC cells was correlated with enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-10 that was stimulated by interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This is the first report demonstrating that P. gingivalis can increase the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes and the acquisition of stemness, implicating P. gingivalis as a potential bacterial risk modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hee Ha
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Bok Hee Woo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Da Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Eun Sin Ha
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jeom Il Choi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Sung Jo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea.,Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan-Si, Kyeongsangnam-Do, 626-870, South Korea. .,Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea.
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LIU FEN, ZHANG TING, ZOU SHITAO, JIANG BO, HUA DONG. B7-H3 promotes cell migration and invasion through the Jak2/Stat3/MMP9 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5455-60. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Dai QS, Zhou HY, Wu ZH, Long JT, Shao N, Cheang TY, Wang SM. Osterix transcriptional factor is involved in the metastasis of human breast cancers. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1870-1874. [PMID: 26622767 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor Osterix is specifically expressed in bone tissues to regulate the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. Recent studies have also identified the expression of Osterix in a number of cancer tissues, such as kidney and lung cancers. However, the association of Osterix with the metastasis of breast cancers has never been reported. The present study, for the first time, provides evidence supporting the involvement of Osterix in breast cancer metastasis. Western blotting was employed to investigate the expression of Osterix in a number of human breast cancer cell lines with different metastatic features. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed in MCF7 cells (low level of metastasis) and MDA-MB-361 cells (high level of metastasis). The expression of several metastasis-associated genes was analyzed by western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A firefly luciferase-based reporter gene assay was conducted in order to study whether Osterix regulated the promoter activities of the MMP2 and MMP9 genes, which play critical roles in cancer metastasis. The results showed that Osterix was highly expressed in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361 cells, but was not detectable in the MCF7 cells. The overexpression of Osterix in the MCF7 cells promoted the expression of VEGF, MMP9 and β-catenin, while downregulating the expression of E-cadherin. In addition, suppression of Osterix expression in the MDA-MB-361 cells reversed the alteration of VEGF, MMP9, β-catenin and E-cadherin expression. A reporter gene assay suggested that Osterix activated MMP2 and MMP9 promoter activity. In conclusion, Osterix is involved in the metastasis of human breast cancer and may be a target for the efficient treatment of human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Dai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhou
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang-Hong Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ting Long
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Nan Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Ming Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Liu X, Xu Y, Pang Z, Guo F, Qin Q, Yin T, Sang Y, Feng C, Li X, Jiang L, Shu P, Wang Y. Knockdown of SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) suppresses cancer malignancy and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:67. [PMID: 26063074 PMCID: PMC4483218 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) is the sole E1-activating enzyme required for numerous important protein SUMOylation, abnormal of which is associated with carcinogenesis. SAE2 inactivation was recently reported to be a therapeutic strategy in cancers with Myc overexpression. However, the roles of SAE2 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are largely unknown. Methods Stably SAE2 knockdown in H446 cells were established with a lentiviral system. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometric assay. Expression of SAE2 mRNA and protein were detected by qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Cell invasion and migration assay were determined by transwell chamber assay. H446 cells with or without SAE2 knockdown, nude mice models were established to observe tumorigenesis. Results SAE2 was highly expressed in SCLC and significantly correlated with tumorigenesis in vivo. Cancer cells with RNAi-mediated reduction of SAE2 expression exhibited growth retardation and apoptosis increasing. Furthermore, down-regulation of SAE2 expression inhibited migration and invasion, simultaneously increased the sensitivity of H446 to etoposide and cisplatin. Conclusions SAE2 plays an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivity of H446 and is a potential clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in SCLC with high c-Myc expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0164-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongguo Pang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Qin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengjun Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Shu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Liu H, Luo X, Deng J, Pan Y, Liang H. Overexpression of SMYD3 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are associated with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4377-4386. [PMID: 25627005 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) plays a key role in the progression of human cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is being related to tumor progression. It has been reported that SMYD3 and MMP-9 are overexpressed in human cancers. However, the exact roles of SMYD3 and MMP-9 in the metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. The expressions of SMYD3 and MMP-9 were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in gastric cancer and adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, SMYD3 and MMP-9 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed samples from 186 gastric cancer patients. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of SMYD3 and MMP-9 in gastric cancer tissues were both significantly higher than those in adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, the expression of SMYD3 was correlated with size of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis, while size of primary tumor and serosal invasion were identified as the independently relative factors of MMP-9 expression in GC tissues. SMYD3 expression and MMP-9 expression in GC tissues were significantly and positively correlated. Multivariate analysis results demonstrated that degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, SMYD3 expression, and MMP-9 expression were the independent prognostic indicators of gastric cancer. SMYD3 and MMP-9 may play important roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis and could work as promising targets for prognostic prediction in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Shi H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhou M, Yan S, Chen Z, Gu D, Cai Y. Liquiritigenin Potentiates the Inhibitory Effects of Cisplatin on Invasion and Metastasis Via Downregulation MMP-2/9 and PI3 K/AKT Signaling Pathway in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Mice Model. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:761-70. [PMID: 25978595 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1037962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavanone extracted from glycyrrhizae. Previous studies have demonstrated that LQ possesses antimigration properties in HELA and A549 cells. The present research, as an extension of our earlier ones, investigated whether LQ can enhance the antimigration and antiinvasion effect of cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) in B16F10 melanoma cell. The data indicated that LQ (25, 50, 100, 200 μM) combined with CDDP (2 μM) significantly reduced B16F10 cell viability compared to CDDP (2 μM)-treated only. The different doses of LQ combined with CDDP significantly suppressed cell migration (21.5%, 49.6%, 75.6%) and cell invasion (26.2%, 51.4%, 69.5%) compared with CDDP-treated alone, suggesting that LQ enhance the inhibition action of CDDP on cell migration and invasion. Moreover, LQ/CDDP combination led to the downregulation of protein expression of MMP-2/9, PI3 K, p-AKT, and upregulated PTEN protein level that play an important role in tumor metastasis progression. Further study demonstrated the enhancement effect of LQ on CDDP suppressing lung metastasis in a mice model being inoculated by the B16F10 melanoma cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that LQ plays an intensive role on CDDP suppressing invasion and metastasis through regulating the PI3 K/AKT signal pathway and suppressing the protein expression of MMP-2/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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123
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Ayakannu T, Taylor AH, Willets JM, Konje JC. The evolving role of the endocannabinoid system in gynaecological cancer. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:517-35. [PMID: 25958409 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'endocannabinoid system' (ECS), comprising endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and their regulating enzymes, together with the cannabinoid receptors, has attracted a great deal of attention because it affects not only all facets of human reproduction, from gametogenesis through to parturition and beyond, but also targets key mechanisms affecting some hallmarks of cancer. Recent evidence showing that cannabinoid receptors play a very important role in the development of malignancies outside of the reproductive organs suggests a similar role for the ECS in the establishment or continued development of gynaecological malignancy. METHODS Primary papers and review articles, and primary sources within these papers, up to December 2014, on the evolving role of the ECS in cancer, with a special focus on gynaecological cancers, were obtained by Medline and PubMed searches using the search terms: 'cancer', 'cannabinoid', 'endocannabinoid', 'gynaecology' and 'malignancy'. Non-English manuscripts were excluded. RESULTS More than 2100 sources were obtained from which only 112 were specifically important to the topic. Analysis of those articles supports a role of the ECS in gynaecological cancers but leaves many gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled. How some of the relevant receptors are activated and cause changes in cell phenotypes that progress to malignancy remains undiscovered and an area for future research. Increasing evidence suggests that malignant transformation within the female genital tract could be accompanied by deregulation of components of the ECS, acting through rather complex cannabinoid receptor-dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The paucity of studies in this area suggests that research using animal models is needed to evaluate endocannabinoid signalling in cancer networks. Future randomized clinical studies should reveal whether endocannabinoids or their derivatives prove to be useful therapeutic targets for gynaecological and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK
| | - Jonathan M Willets
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
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Chang WL, Yu CC, Chen CS, Guh JH. Tubulin-binding agents down-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells – a critical role of Cdk1 in mitotic entry. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:12-21. [PMID: 25615907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is an important target for anticancer therapy. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids are two groups of tubulin-binding agents in cancer chemotherapy. Besides tubulin binding, these groups of agents can also down-regulate protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, two important cancer-associated zinc-dependent endopeptidases in invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism of action waits to be explored. In this study, protein levels but not mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and -9 were down-regulated by paclitaxel (a microtubule-stabilization agent), vincristine and evodiamine (two tubulin-depolymerization agents). These agents induced an increase of protein expression of cyclin B1, MPM2 (mitosis-specific phosphoprotein) and polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 phosphorylation. The data showed a negative relationship between the levels of mitotic proteins and MMP-2 and -9 expressions. MG132 (a specific cell-permeable proteasome inhibitor) blocked mitotic entry and arrested cell cycle at G2 phase, preventing down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9. Cell cycle synchronization experiments by thymidine block or nocodazole treatment showed that mitotic exit inhibited the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9, confirming negative relationship between cell mitosis and protein levels of MMP-2 and -9 expressions. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 1 is a key kinase in mitotic entry. Knockdown of Cdk1 almost completely inhibited the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9 induced by tubulin-binding agents. In conclusion, the data suggest that mitotic entry and Cdk1 plays a central role in down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9 protein expressions. Tubulin-binding agents cause mitotic arrest and Cdk1 activation, which may contribute largely to the down-regulation of both MMP-2 and -9 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan; The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chia-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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125
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Xiao H, Jiang N, Zhou B, Liu Q, Du C. TAZ regulates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:151-9. [PMID: 25495189 PMCID: PMC4399022 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) has been reported to be one of the nuclear effectors of Hippo-related pathways. TAZ is expressed in many primary tumors and could regulate many biological processes. However, little is known about the role of TAZ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we show that TAZ regulates cellular proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC. TAZ is overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines and upregulation of TAZ correlates with a lower overall survival rate of HCC patients after hepatic resection. TAZ knockdown results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through decreases in expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, Nanog, and SOX2). Reduction in HCC cell migration and invasion is also evident through reversal of EMT by increases E-cadherin expression, decreases in N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, and Slug expression, and suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In a xenograft tumorigenicity model, TAZ knockdown could effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis through reversal of the EMT pathway. In conclusion, TAZ is associated with the proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells, and the TAZ gene may contribute to a novel therapeutic approach against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Manoharan S, Rajasekaran D, Prabhakar MM, Karthikeyan S, Manimaran A. Modulating Effect of Enicostemma littorale on the Expression Pattern of Apoptotic, Cell Proliferative, Inflammatory and Angiogenic Markers During 7, 12-Dimethylbenz (a) Anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis. Toxicol Int 2015; 22:130-40. [PMID: 26862274 PMCID: PMC4721161 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.172276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enicostemma littorale leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases, including inflammation and cancer. This study has taken effort to explore the antitumor initiating potential of E. littorale leaves (ElELet) by analyzing the expression pattern of apoptotic (p53, Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X-protein), cell-proliferative (cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen), angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor), invasive (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9), and inflammatory (NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2) markers during 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors were induced in the buccal pouches of hamsters using the potent site and organ specific carcinogen, DMBA. DMBA application 3 times a week for 14 weeks resulted in tumor formation in the buccal pouches. Hundred percent tumor formations with dysregulation in the expression pattern of apoptotic, cell proliferative, inflammatory, angiogenic, and invasive markers were observed in the buccal pouches of hamsters treated with DMBA alone. ElELet at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight orally to DMBA treated hamsters significantly prevented the tumor formation as well as corrected the abnormalities in the expression pattern of above mentioned molecular markers. ElELet thus modulated the expression pattern of all the above mentioned molecular markers in favor of the suppression of cell proliferation occurring in DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duraisamy Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sekar Karthikeyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asokan Manimaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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127
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New Insights into Antimetastatic and Antiangiogenic Effects of Cannabinoids. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 314:43-116. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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128
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Gallelli L, Falcone D, Scaramuzzino M, Pelaia G, D'Agostino B, Mesuraca M, Terracciano R, Spaziano G, Maselli R, Navarra M, Savino R. Effects of simvastatin on cell viability and proinflammatory pathways in lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:67. [PMID: 25432084 PMCID: PMC4280703 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is characterized by a high mortality rate probably attributable to early metastasis. Oxidative stress is involved in development and progression of lung cancer, through cellular and molecular mechanisms which at least in part overlap with proinflammatory pathways. Simvastatin is a statin with pleiotropic effects that can also act as an anti-oxidant agent, and these pharmacologic properties may contribute to its potential anti-cancer activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82, the effects of a 24-hour treatment with simvastatin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced changes in cell viability, ERK phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, innate immunity signaling, NF-κB activation and IL-8 secretion. Cell counting was performed after trypan blue staining, cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay, and apoptosis was evaluated through caspase-3 activation and Tunel assay. Western blotting was used to analyze protein extracts, and IL-8 release into cell culture supernatants was assessed by ELISA. Our results show that simvastatin (30 μM) significantly (P <0.01) inhibited the proliferative effect of H2O2 (0.5 mM) and its stimulatory actions on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NF-κB activation and IL-8 production. Furthermore, simvastatin decreased H2O2-mediated induction of the cellular expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as of several components of the signaling complex activated by innate immune responses, including MyD88, TRAF2, TRAF6 and TRADD. In conclusion, these findings suggest that simvastatin could play a role in prevention and treatment of lung cancer via modulation of important proinflammatory and tumorigenic events promoted by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80136 Naples, Italy.
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129
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Kim HJ, Lee DW, Yim GW, Nam EJ, Kim S, Kim SW, Kim YT. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is associated with human cervical cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:521-30. [PMID: 25405331 PMCID: PMC4277242 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human cancers remain to be clarified. The lncRNA Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been reported to reprogram chromatin organization and promote breast and colorectal cancer metastasis, the involvement of lncRNAs in cervical cancer is just beginning to be studied. In the present study, we examined the expression and the functional role of HOTAIR in cervical cancer. HOTAIR expression was determined in cervical cancer tissues (n=111) and corresponding normal tissues (n=40) by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and its correlation with clinical parameters and prognosis were analyzed. To determine the effect of HOTAIR knockdown and overexpression in cervical cancer cell lines, we used the CCK-8 assay, wound healing migration and Matrigel invasion assay. The expression level of HOTAIR in cervical cancer tissues was higher than that in corresponding non-cancerous tissues. High HOTAIR expression correlated with lymph node metastasis, and reduced overall survival. A multivariate analysis showed that HOTAIR was a prognostic factor for predicting cervical cancer recurrence. Knockdown of HOTAIR reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cervical cancer cell lines. Moreover, HOTAIR regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, which are important for cell motility and metastasis. Therefore, HOTAIR may promote tumor aggressiveness through the upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 and EMT-related genes. These findings indicate that HOTAIR may represent a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and prognosis and serve as a promising therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Won Yim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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130
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Theocharis AD, Gialeli C, Bouris P, Giannopoulou E, Skandalis SS, Aletras AJ, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK. Cell-matrix interactions: focus on proteoglycan-proteinase interplay and pharmacological targeting in cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281:5023-42. [PMID: 25333340 PMCID: PMC5036392 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are major constituents of extracellular matrices, as well as cell surfaces and basement membranes. They play key roles in supporting the dynamic extracellular matrix by generating complex structural networks with other macromolecules and by regulating cellular phenotypes and signaling. It is becoming evident, however, that proteolytic enzymes are required partners for matrix remodeling and for modulating cell signaling via matrix constituents. Proteinases contribute to all stages of diseases, particularly cancer development and progression, and contextually participate in either the removal of damaged products or in the processing of matrix molecules and signaling receptors. The dynamic interplay between proteoglycans and proteolytic enzymes is a crucial biological step that contributes to the pathophysiology of cancer and inflammation. Moreover, proteoglycans are implicated in the expression and secretion of proteolytic enzymes and often modulate their activities. In this review, we describe the emerging biological roles of proteoglycans and proteinases, with a special emphasis on their complex interplay. We critically evaluate this important proteoglycan-proteinase interactome and discuss future challenges with respect to targeting this axis in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrisostomi Gialeli
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bouris
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Alexios J. Aletras
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
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131
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Wieczorek E, Jablonska E, Wasowicz W, Reszka E. Matrix metalloproteinases and genetic mouse models in cancer research: a mini-review. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:163-75. [PMID: 25352026 PMCID: PMC4315474 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep and also a multifactorial process that involves agents like genetic and environmental factors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are major proteolytic enzymes which are involved in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Genetic variations in genes encoding the MMPs were shown in human studies to influence cancer risk and phenotypic features of a tumor. The complex role of MMPs seems to be important in the mechanism of carcinogenesis, but it is not well recognized. Rodent studies concentrated particularly on the better understanding of the biological functions of the MMPs and their impact on the pathological process, also through the modification of Mmp genes. This review presents current knowledge and the existing evidence on the importance of selected MMPs in genetic mouse models of cancer and human genetic association studies. Further, this work can be useful for scientists studying the role of the genetic impact of MMPs in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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132
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Kwak TK, Sohn EJ, Kim S, Won G, Choi JU, Jeong K, Jeong M, Kwon OS, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum on osteopontin mediated metastasis of NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:419. [PMID: 25345853 PMCID: PMC4219006 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is one of important molecular targets in cancer progression, metastasis as a calcium-binding, extracellular-matrix-associated protein of the small integrin-binding ligand and, N-linked glycoprotein. In the present study, anti-metastatic mechanism of ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) was elucidated on OPN enhanced metastasis in NCI-H460 non- small cell lung cancer cells. Methods Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Adhesion and invasion assays were carried out to see that EEOS inhibited cell adhesion and invasion in OPN treated and non-treated NCI-H 460 cells. RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of uPA, uPAR, and EGFR. Results EEOS significantly inhibited cell adhesion and invasion in OPN treated and non treated NCI-H460 cells, though EEOS did not show any toxicity up to 200 μg/ml. EEOS effectively attenuated the expression of OPN and CD44 and also OPN activated the expression of CD44 in NCI-H460 cells. In addition, EEOS effectively suppressed the expression of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the phosphorylation of Akt at protein level in OPN treated NCI-H460 cells. Also, EEOS significantly attenuated the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at mRNA level and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and MMP-9 activity in OPN treated NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 enhanced anti-metastatic potential of EEOS to attenuate the expression of uPA and MMP-9 in OPN treated NCI-H 460 cells. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that anti-metastatic mechanism of EEOS is mediated by inhibition of PI3K/Akt in OPN treated NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells.
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Gopalakrishnan N, Sivasithamparam ND, Devaraj H. Synergistic association of Notch and NFκB signaling and role of Notch signaling in modulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:310-8. [PMID: 25257945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Notch1 signaling plays a key role in normal developmental processes and in cancer. The association between Notch activation and development of cancer has been well documented. Notch activation and outcome of the disease depend upon the crosstalk with other regulatory pathways including Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway. In this study, we have investigated the interaction of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) with NFκBp65 in colorectal cancer which resulted in the upregulation of Bcl-xL resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis. Mesenchymal marker Slug expression and down regulation of E-cadherin, an epithelial phenotypic marker were demonstrated in colon cancer tissues. The study was also illustrated by using the gamma secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) in HT29 cells. Immunohistochemistry (NICD, NFκBp65, and Slug) and double immunofluorescence analysis (NICD, NFκBp65) revealed that NICD and NFκBp65 were highly expressed in HT29 cells and in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Slug and Bcl-xL protein expressions were significantly reduced in DAPT treated HT 29 cells. Immunoprecipitation and dual staining emphasized the strong interaction of NICD with NFκBp65 in adenocarcinoma than in normal tissue. It appeared that Notch1 and NFκB could independently contribute to tumor progression. However, their interaction and synergism might be the determinants that would affect the outcome of the disease and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Gopalakrishnan
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Aparna M, Rao L, Kunhikatta V, Radhakrishnan R. The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as prognostic markers in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:345-52. [PMID: 25212455 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue cancer is the most common intra-oral malignancy with a high rate of morbidity and mortality owing to its increased propensity for tumor invasion and metastasis. These processes require a controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are known to be important regulators of matrix lysis and play a significant role in the metastasis of malignancies. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To study the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and find the association between their expression and local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates of the subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-nine tumor biopsy samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in T1 N0 M0 and T2 N0 M0 stages were immunostained with MMP-2 and MMP-9 antibodies. The immunohistochemical expression was compared with the patient characteristics and outcome. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression of MMP-2 correlated with that of MMP-9 (r = 0.716, P < 0.001). Greater expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in patients who subsequently developed local recurrence (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively), regional and/or distant metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) of the tumor. Further, a higher expression of these biomarkers was associated with shorter survival. MMP-9 was found to have better specificity for local recurrence, metastasis and survival. CONCLUSION Our results showed that these biomarkers may serve as indicators of a patient's risk potential for poor prognosis and presage the need for more aggressive treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikkath Aparna
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Fagan-Solis KD, Schneider SS, Pentecost BT, Bentley BA, Otis CN, Gierthy JF, Arcaro KF. The RhoA pathway mediates MMP-2 and MMP-9-independent invasive behavior in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:1385-94. [PMID: 23255405 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that varies in its biology and response to therapy. A foremost threat to patients is tumor invasion and metastasis, with the greatest risk among patients diagnosed with triple-negative and/or basal-like breast cancers. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell spreading is needed as 90% of cancer-associated deaths result from metastasis. We previously demonstrated that the Tamoxifen-selected, MCF-7 derivative, TMX2-28, lacks expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and is highly invasive, yet maintains an epithelial morphology. The present study was designed to further characterize TMX2-28 cells and elucidate their invasion mechanism. We found that TMX2-28 cells do not express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and progesterone receptor (PR), in addition to lacking ERα, making the cells triple-negative. We then determined that TMX2-28 cells lack expression of active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and other genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) suggesting that TMX2-28 may not utilize mesenchymal invasion. In contrast, TMX2-28 cells have high expression of Ras Homolog Gene Family Member, A (RhoA), a protein known to play a critical role in amoeboid invasion. Blocking RhoA activity with the RhoA pathway specific inhibitor H-1152, or a RhoA specific siRNA, resulted in inhibition of invasive behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that TMX2-28 breast cancer cells exploit a RhoA-dependent, proteolytic-independent invasion mechanism. Targeting the RhoA pathway in triple-negative, basal-like breast cancers that have a proteolytic-independent invasion mechanism may provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with increased risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina D Fagan-Solis
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Dilshara MG, Choi YH, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Kim GY. Tianeptine sodium salt suppresses TNF-α-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human carcinoma cells via suppression of the PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:502-9. [PMID: 25168152 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tianeptine sodium salt (TSS) is a selective facilitator of serotonin, but there are no reports regarding anti-invasive effects of TSS. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TSS on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and invasion in three different human carcinoma cell lines. Our findings showed that MMP-9 activity was significantly increased in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and that TSS reduced TNF-α-induced MMP-9 activity in a dose-dependent manner. TSS also downregulated both MMP-9 expression and TNF-α-induced MMP-9 promoter activity. Using a matrigel invasion assay, we showed that TSS significantly attenuated invasive rates in TNF-α-stimulated LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. Furthermore, TSS suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity, which is a potential transcriptional factor for regulating many invasive genes, including MMP-9, by suppressing IκB degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. TSS also downregulated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and Akt, and a selective PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, diminished TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation followed by levels of MMP-9, suggesting that TSS also reduces MMP-9 expression by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathway. These results indicate that TSS is a potential anti-invasive agent by suppression of TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression via inhibition of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matharage Gayani Dilshara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Shin EM, Hay HS, Lee MH, Goh JN, Tan TZ, Sen YP, Lim SW, Yousef EM, Ong HT, Thike AA, Kong X, Wu Z, Mendoz E, Sun W, Salto-Tellez M, Lim CT, Lobie PE, Lim YP, Yap CT, Zeng Q, Sethi G, Lee MB, Tan P, Goh BC, Miller LD, Thiery JP, Zhu T, Gaboury L, Tan PH, Hui KM, Yip GWC, Miyamoto S, Kumar AP, Tergaonkar V. DEAD-box helicase DP103 defines metastatic potential of human breast cancers. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3807-24. [PMID: 25083991 DOI: 10.1172/jci73451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancement in breast cancer treatment, 30% of patients with early breast cancers experience relapse with distant metastasis. It is a challenge to identify patients at risk for relapse; therefore, the identification of markers and therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancers is imperative. Here, we identified DP103 as a biomarker and metastasis-driving oncogene in human breast cancers and determined that DP103 elevates matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) levels, which are associated with metastasis and invasion through activation of NF-κB. In turn, NF-κB signaling positively activated DP103 expression. Furthermore, DP103 enhanced TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) phosphorylation of NF-κB-activating IκB kinase 2 (IKK2), leading to increased NF-κB activity. Reduction of DP103 expression in invasive breast cancer cells reduced phosphorylation of IKK2, abrogated NF-κB-mediated MMP9 expression, and impeded metastasis in a murine xenograft model. In breast cancer patient tissues, elevated levels of DP103 correlated with enhanced MMP9, reduced overall survival, and reduced survival after relapse. Together, these data indicate that a positive DP103/NF-κB feedback loop promotes constitutive NF-κB activation in invasive breast cancers and activation of this pathway is linked to cancer progression and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, our results suggest that DP103 has potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Chu D, Zhu S, Li J, ji G, Wang W, Wu G, Zheng J. CD147 expression in human gastric cancer is associated with tumor recurrence and prognosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101027. [PMID: 24979746 PMCID: PMC4076217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 is correlated with tumor aggressiveness in various human malignancies. Here, we investigated CD147 protein expression in 223 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with disease-free and overall survival. CD147 was increased in gastric cancer compared to normal tissues. Additionally, CD147 expression was associated with gastric cancer invasion, metastasis and TNM stage, whereas it was not related to age, sex, differentiation status, tumor site or Lauren classification. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that CD147 was associated with disease-free and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer; i.e., patients with positive CD147 staining tend to have worse disease-free and overall survival. Moreover, Cox's proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that CD147 was an independent marker of disease-free and overall survival for patients with gastric cancer. These results confirm the association of CD147 with gastric cancer invasion and metastasis and prove that CD147 might be an indicator of tumor recurrence and prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaojun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (GW)
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (GW)
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Gong Y, Chippada-Venkata UD, Oh WK. Roles of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in prostate cancer progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1298-327. [PMID: 24978435 PMCID: PMC4190542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, play an important role in tissue remodeling associated with various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, as well as pathological processes including cirrhosis, arthritis and cancer. The MMPs are well established as mediators of tumor invasion and metastasis by breaking down connective tissue barriers. Although there has been a vast amount of literature on the role of MMPs in invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of various cancers, the role of these endopeptidases in prostate cancer progression has not been systematically reviewed. This overview summarizes findings on the tissue and blood expression of MMPs, their function, regulation and prognostic implication in human prostate cancer, with a focus on MMP-2, -7, -9, MT1-MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). This review also summarizes the efficacy and failure of early-generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and highlights the lessons and challenges for next generation MMPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Gong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Uma D Chippada-Venkata
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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141
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Gu ZY, Li SY, Li J, Xiao ZW, Zhou T. Expression of MMP-14 and COX-2 in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2300-2305. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i16.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protein expression of MMP-14 and COX-2 in gastric cancer to further reveal the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
METHODS: The protein expression of MMP-14 and COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in human gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues, and the relationship between the protein expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The protein expression of MMP-14 in human gastric cancer tissues at different TNM stages was also explored.
RESULTS: The expression rates of MMP-14 and COX-2 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP-14 was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, invasion depth and TNM stage of gastric cancer (P < 0.01). The expression of COX-2 was correlated with invasion depth and TNM stage of gastric cancer (P < 0.05). MMP-14 expression was positively correlated with COX-2 expression in gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.01). MMP-14 expression increased with the elevation of TNM stage and showed a tendency from the cytoplasm to cell membrane.
CONCLUSION: Stimulating overexpression and intracellular translocation of MMP-14 may be one of mechanisms for COX-2 protein to contribute to the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer.
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Aomatsu N, Yashiro M, Kashiwagi S, Kawajiri H, Takashima T, Ohsawa M, Wakasa K, Hirakawa K. Carbonic anhydrase 9 is associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with taxane and anthracycline. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:400. [PMID: 24893880 PMCID: PMC4058694 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is one of the standard care regimens for patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer. It would be advantageous to determine the chemosensitivity of tumors before initiating NAC. One of the parameters potentially compromising such chemosensitivity would be a hypoxic microenvironment of cancer cells. The aim of this study was thus to clarify the correlation between expression of the hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) and chemosensitivity to NAC as well as prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 102 patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer was treated with NAC consisting of FEC (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide) followed by weekly paclitaxel before surgery. Core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens and resected tumors were obtained from all patients before and after NAC, respectively. Chemosensitivity to NAC and the prognostic potential of CA9 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results CA9 positivity was detected in the CNB specimens from 47 (46%) of 102 patients. The CA9 expression in CNB specimens was significantly correlated with pathological response, lymph node metastasis, and lymph-vascular invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the CA9 expression in CNB specimens was an independent predictive factor for pathological response. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed a significant negative correlation (p = 0.013) between the disease-free survival (DFS) and the CA 9 expression in resected tissues after NAC. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that the CA9 expression in resected tissues was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. Conclusions CA9 expression in CNB specimens is a useful marker for predicting chemosensitivity, and CA9 expression in resected tissue is prognostic of DFS in patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer treated by sequential FEC and weekly paclitaxel prior to resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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MMP9 Deficiency Increased the Size of Experimentally Induced Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:658-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu C, Huang H, Wang C, Kong Y, Zhang H. Involvement of ephrin receptor A4 in pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasion. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2165-2169. [PMID: 24932309 PMCID: PMC4049679 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin (EPH) receptors can be classified into EPHA and EPHB receptors and are important in diverse cellular processes. EPHA4, a member of the EPHA receptors, has been demonstrated to be elevated in various human cancers and involved in the tumor progression. However, the role of EPHA4 in pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear. Therefore, the present study transfected Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the expression of EPHA4. Wound healing and invasion assays were then performed to assess the effect of EPHA4 knockdown on the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the knockdown of EPHA4 by siRNA inhibits the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, gelatin zymography assay showed that EPHA4 may regulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. In addition, the knockdown of EPHA4 increased the expression of epithelial (E)-cadherin, as well as decreased the expression of Snail. Overall, these results suggested that EPHA4 may promote the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via the upregulation of MMP-2 and Snail, as well as the downregulation of E-cadherin. Thus, EPHA4 may act as a useful target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Sartor ITS, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Albanus RD, Dalmolin RJS, Moreira JCF. Computational analyses reveal a prognostic impact of TULP3 as a transcriptional master regulator in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1461-8. [PMID: 24668219 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recognized world-wide as an aggressive disease with poor prognosis in patients with or without resection. Further knowledge about the biological mechanisms of PDAC is necessary to enable the identification of novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and improved treatment. Transcription factors are the final effectors of signaling pathways and regulate a number of cellular functions. Changes in their expression may contribute to cellular transformation and tumor progression. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the Master Regulators (MRs) of transcription potentially involved in PDAC disease. To achieve this goal, we utilized microarray data to correlate MR genes with the tumor phenotype. Analyses were performed with RTN, Limma, and Survival packages in the R environment. We identified Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) as a MR of transcription in PDAC samples. The prognostic value of TULP3 was assessed in three independent cohort analyses. Our data demonstrated that pancreatic cancer patients exhibiting high transcriptional levels of TULP3 showed a poor overall survival rate. High expression levels of TULP3 may play an essential role in pancreatic cancer progression and possibly lead to a poor clinical outcome. Our results highlight the potential use of TULP3 as a clinical prognostic biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T S Sartor
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90035-003, Brazil.
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Dilshara MG, Park SR, Choi YH, Hyun JW, Chang WY, Kim GY. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses TNF-α induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor by suppressing the Akt-dependent NF-κB pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:751-8. [PMID: 24613819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanism through which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various types of cancer cells. We found that treatment with GA reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced Matrigel invasion with few cytotoxic effects. Our findings also showed that MMP-9 and VEGF expression increases in response to TNF-α; however, GA reverses their expression. In addition, GA inhibited inhibitory factor kappa B degradation, sustained nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits, p65 and p50, in the cytosol compartments, and consequently suppressed the TNF-α-induced DNA-binding activity and luciferase activity of NF-κB. Specific NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, MG132, and PS-1145, also attenuated TNF-α-mediated MMP-9 and VEGF expression as well as activity by suppressing their regulatory genes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of TNF-α-induced phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt was significantly downregulated in the presence of GA accompanying with the inhibition of NF-κB activity, and as presumed, the specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased MMP-9 and VEGF expression as well as activity. These results suggest that GA operates as a potential anti-invasive agent by downregulating MMP-9 and VEGF via inhibition of PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB activity. Taken together, GA might be an effective anti-invasive agent by suppressing PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matharage Gayani Dilshara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Rul Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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147
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Osthole suppresses the migratory ability of human glioblastoma multiforme cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3889-903. [PMID: 24599080 PMCID: PMC3975374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. GBM often invades surrounding regions of the brain during its early stages, making successful treatment difficult. Osthole, an active constituent isolated from the dried C. monnieri fruit, has been shown to suppress tumor migration and invasion. However, the effects of osthole in human GBM are largely unknown. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for the metastasis of cancer cells. Results from this study show that osthole can not only induce cell death but also inhibit phosphorylation of FAK in human GBM cells. Results from this study show that incubating GBM cells with osthole reduces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and cell motility, as assessed by cell transwell and wound healing assays. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in reducing FAK activation, MMP-13 expression, and cell motility in human GBM cells.
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148
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Alcantara MB, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a natural matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor: a comparison with classical matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors used for cancer treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:895-902. [PMID: 24697787 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the 1990s, the discovery of the important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cancer angiogenesis, growth and metastasis galvanised research efforts to search for ways to inhibit these MMPs. To date, this has resulted in the investigation of approximately 50 MMPIs which have undergone various phases of clinical trials. However, despite a large body of research being devoted to discovery and development of MMPIs, results have largely not been supportive of this approach to anticancer treatment. KEY FINDINGS The reasons for the general failure of these drugs in clinical trials include various unwanted side-effects, the use of healthy volunteers to provide drug dosages which did not correctly reflect dosages for cancer patients, and the exclusion of patients with early stage cancer in clinical trials despite MMPs being determined to be critical for the angiogenic switch, a process associated with early tumour growth. In contrast, a naturally-occurring endogenous protein and a non-functional serine protease inhibitor (serpin), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), has been proposed for cancer therapy partly due to its ability to regulate specific MMPs central to cancer progression. SUMMARY PEDF has been found to specifically downregulate membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and furthermore, potentially matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), two of the most commonly implicated MMPs in neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marice B Alcantara
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia
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149
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Yang X, Hu JW, Qiu MT, Li M, Yin R, Wang J, Xu L, Zhang Q. Association of matrix metalloproteinase-3 -1171(5A>6A) polymorphism with cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 41 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87562. [PMID: 24489939 PMCID: PMC3906197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Evidence has shown that matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) is important for cancer progression. Recent studies about the association between the -1171(5A>6A) polymorphism in MMP3 promoter region and cancer risk have yielded conflicting results. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a meta-analysis of 41 studies including 11112 cases and 11091 controls to determine whether the -1171(5A>6A) polymorphism of MMP3 was associated with cancer risk. We assessed the strength of association and performed sub-group analyses by cancer types, ethnicity, smoking status, genotyping method, source of controls and sample size. The pooled results revealed that no significant association of the -1171(5A>6A) polymorphism with overall cancer risk in any of four models. Further sub-group analysis revealed that individuals with the 6A allele had lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer in two models: heterozygote comparison (6A/5A vs. 5A/5A: OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.60—0.91; I2 = 1.9%), and dominant model (6A/6A+6A/5A vs. 5A/5A: OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.64—0.94; I2 = 29.0%). Additionally, the associations were significant in Asian populations for three models: homozygote comparison (6A/6A vs. 5A/5A, OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52—0.90; I2 = 26.7%), heterozygote comparison (6A/5A vs. 5A/5A: OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.58—0.98; I2 = 0.0%), and dominant model (6A/6A+6A/5A vs. 5A/5A: OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.54—0.88; I2 = 0.5%). It was noteworthy that we had a contrary finding in non-smokers: the variant 6A/6A homozygote might statistically increase cancer risk compared with 6A/5A+5A/5A genotype (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.25—2.96; I2 = 72.7%). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that the -1171(5A>6A) polymorphism in MMP3 promoter region is not associated with overall cancer risk, but it may contribute to decreased cancer risk in Asian population when compared with Caucasian population and significantly reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Man-Tang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (QZ)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (QZ)
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150
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Wang L, Wang Q, Li HL, Han LY. Expression of MiR200a, miR93, metastasis-related gene RECK and MMP2/MMP9 in human cervical carcinoma--relationship with prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:2113-8. [PMID: 23679328 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND Cervical cancer remains the third most common cancer in women globally after breast and colorectal cancer. Well-characterized biomarkers are necessary for early diagnosis and to predict metastatic progression and effective therapy. MiRNAs can regulate gene expression, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation in tumor cells. The present study was conducted to assess expression of miR93, miR200a, RECK, MMP2, MMP9 in invasive cervical carcinoma, and analyze their clinical significance. METHOD A total of 116 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma and 100 patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign lesions were retrospectively examined. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine expression of miR93 and miR200a while RECK, MMP2, MMP9 and MVD were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Cervical carcinoma patients demonstrated up-regulation of miR-93, miR-200a, MMP2 and MMP9, with down-regulation of RECK as compared to benign lesion tissues. RECK was significantly inversely related to invasion and lymphatic metastasis. The 5-year survival rate for patients with strong RECK expression was significantly higher than that with weakly expressing tumors. CONCLUSION MiR-93 and miR-200a are associated with metastasis and invasion of cervical carcinoma. Thus together with RECK they are potential prognostic markers for cervical carcinoma. RECK cooperating with MMP2, MMP9 expression is a significant prognostic factor correlated with long-term survival for patients with invasive cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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