201
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Deuis JR, Whately E, Brust A, Inserra MC, Asvadi NH, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF, Cabot PJ, Vetter I. Activation of κ Opioid Receptors in Cutaneous Nerve Endings by Conorphin-1, a Novel Subtype-Selective Conopeptide, Does Not Mediate Peripheral Analgesia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26225903 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of peripheral κ opioid receptors (KORs) may overcome the dose-limiting adverse effects of conventional opioid analgesics. We recently developed a vicinal disulfide-stabilized class of peptides with subnanomolar potency at the KOR. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effects of one of these peptides, named conorphin-1, in comparison with the prototypical KOR-selective small molecule agonist U-50488, in several rodent pain models. Surprisingly, neither conorphin-1 nor U-50488 were analgesic when delivered peripherally by intraplantar injection at local concentrations expected to fully activate the KOR at cutaneous nerve endings. While U-50488 was analgesic when delivered at high local concentrations, this effect could not be reversed by coadministration with the selective KOR antagonist ML190 or the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone. Instead, U-50488 likely mediated its peripheral analgesic effect through nonselective inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, including peripheral sensory neuron isoforms NaV1.8 and NaV1.7. Our study suggests that targeting the KOR in peripheral sensory nerve endings innervating the skin is not an alternative analgesic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Deuis
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ella Whately
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Marco C. Inserra
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Naghmeh H. Asvadi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter J. Cabot
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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202
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Liu C, Fang X, Wu Q, Jin G, Zhen X. Prefrontal cortex gates acute morphine action on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:299-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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203
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Goll Y, Atlan G, Citri A. Attention: the claustrum. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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204
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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205
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Cruz WS, Pereira LA, Cezar LC, Camarini R, Felicio LF, Bernardi MM, Teodorov E. Role of steroid hormones and morphine treatment in the modulation of opioid receptor gene expression in brain structures in the female rat. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:355. [PMID: 26191482 PMCID: PMC4503706 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of acute treatment with morphine on the expression of the Oprm1, Oprk1, and Oprd1 genes (which encode μ, κ, and δ receptors, respectively) in the striatum, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in ovariectomized female rats treated with estrogen. Ovariectomized female rats were divided into five equal groups. Two groups received estrogen (50 µg/kg, 54 h before testing) and saline (ES group) or 3.5 mg/kg morphine (EM group) 2 h before euthanasia. The SS group received saline solution 54 and 2 h before the experiments. The SM group received saline 54 h and 3.5 mg/kg morphine 2 h before the experiments. The W group remained undisturbed. The genes expression were evaluated. Oprm1 and Oprk1 expression were activated, respectively, in the hypothalamus and PAG and in the striatum and PAG by morphine only in estrogen-treated animals. Oprd1 expression in the hypothalamus and PAG was activated by morphine in both estrogen-treated and -nontreated animals. The Oprm1 and Oprk1 gene response to morphine might depend on estrogen, whereas the Oprd1 gene response to morphine might not depend on estrogen, supporting the hypothesis of a functional role for ovarian hormones in opioid receptor-mediated functional adaptations in the female brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Soares Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Lucas Assis Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho Cezar
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Cidade Universitária, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Luciano Freitas Felicio
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 270 Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil ; Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, CEP 09210-971 Brazil ; Av dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP CEP 09210-970 Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Teodorov
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, CEP 09210-971 Brazil
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206
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Bianchi E, Menicacci C, Ghelardini C. Dual effect of morphine in long-term social memory in rat. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 168:1786-93. [PMID: 23171436 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bimodal dose-response relationships have been demonstrated in animals and humans following morphine administration. We examined if systemic administration of morphine, in extremely low (μg) and high (mg, analgesic) doses, changed the learning process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the social learning test, an adult rat investigates a juvenile. The juvenile is submitted to a second encounter after a few days and investigation by the adult should be reduced. Morphine was administered before the first encounter between rats, and the critical test was performed 24, 72 or 168 h later, when animals were re-exposed to each other, in the absence of morphine. KEY RESULTS Low doses of morphine, comparable with endogenous brain concentrations, enhanced long-term memory recognition; while high doses did the reverse, indicating the adult failed to recognize the juvenile. Recognition of a familiar rat appeared to be mediated within the brain accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) by an opioid system intrinsic to the olfactory system through μ-opioid receptors (MORs). At this supraspinal site, the PLC/PKC signalling pathway was activated by extremely low morphine doses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Morphine treatment administration may either disrupt or facilitate social memory, depending on the dose, extending to memory formation the bimodal effects of morphine previously shown in pain. Social memory formation elicited by extremely low morphine doses, was mediated within the AOB by an opioid system, intrinsic to the olfactory system through MORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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207
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Pavan CG, Roncari CF, Barbosa SP, De Paula PM, Colombari DS, De Luca LA, Colombari E, Menani JV. Activation of μ opioid receptors in the LPBN facilitates sodium intake in rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 288:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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208
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Noble F, Lenoir M, Marie N. The opioid receptors as targets for drug abuse medication. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3964-79. [PMID: 25988826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system is largely expressed in the brain, and both endogenous opioid peptides and receptors are present in areas associated with reward and motivation. It is well known that this endogenous system plays a key role in many aspects of addictive behaviours. The present review summarizes the modifications of the opioid system induced by chronic treatment with drugs of abuse reported in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the action of opioid antagonists and agonists on the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, with therapeutic perspectives. We have focused on the effects of chronic psychostimulants, alcohol and nicotine exposure. Taken together, the changes in both opioid peptides and opioid receptors in different brain structures following acute or chronic exposure to these drugs of abuse clearly identify the opioid system as a potential target for the development of effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of addiction and the prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Noble
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Lenoir
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Marie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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209
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Chronic Morphine Reduces Surface Expression of δ-Opioid Receptors in Subregions of Rostral Striatum. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:500-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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210
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Pačesová D, Volfová B, Červená K, Hejnová L, Novotný J, Bendová Z. Acute morphine affects the rat circadian clock via rhythms of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and GSK3β kinases and Per1 expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3638-49. [PMID: 25828914 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioids affect the circadian clock and may change the timing of many physiological processes. This study was undertaken to investigate the daily changes in sensitivity of the circadian pacemaker to an analgesic dose of morphine, and to uncover a possible interplay between circadian and opioid signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A time-dependent effect of morphine (1 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) applied either during the day or during the early night was followed, and the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, GSK3β, c-Fos and Per genes were assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The effect of morphine pretreatment on light-induced pERK and c-Fos was examined, and day/night difference in activity of opioid receptors was evaluated by [(35) S]-GTPγS binding assay. KEY RESULTS Morphine stimulated a rise in pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) when applied during the day but significantly reduced both kinases when applied during the night. Morphine at night transiently induced Period1 but not Period2 in the SCN and did not attenuate the light-induced level of pERK1/2 and c-Fos in the SCN. The activity of all three principal opioid receptors was high during the day but decreased significantly at night, except for the δ receptor. Finally, we demonstrated daily profiles of pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the rat ventrolateral and dorsomedial SCN. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that the phase-shifting effect of opioids may be mediated via post-translational modification of clock proteins by means of activated ERK1/2 and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Volfová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucie Hejnová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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211
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Birdsong WT, Arttamangkul S, Bunzow JR, Williams JT. Agonist Binding and Desensitization of the μ-Opioid Receptor Is Modulated by Phosphorylation of the C-Terminal Tail Domain. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:816-24. [PMID: 25934731 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.097527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of G protein-coupled receptors can lead to a rapid decline in signaling through acute receptor desensitization. In the case of the μ-opioid receptor (MOPr), this desensitization may play a role in the development of analgesic tolerance. It is understood that phosphorylation of MOPr promotes association with β-arrestin proteins, which then facilitates desensitization and receptor internalization. Agonists that induce acute desensitization have been shown to induce a noncanonical high-affinity agonist binding state in MOPr, conferring a persistent memory of prior receptor activation. In the current study, live-cell confocal imaging was used to investigate the role of receptor phosphorylation in agonist binding to MOPr. A phosphorylation cluster in the C-terminal tail of MOPr was identified as a mediator of agonist-induced affinity changes in MOPr. This site is unique from the primary phosphorylation cluster responsible for β-arrestin binding and internalization. Electrophysiologic measurements of receptor function suggest that both phosphorylation clusters may play a parallel role during acute receptor desensitization. Desensitization was unaffected by alanine mutation of either phosphorylation cluster, but was largely eliminated when both clusters were mutated. Overall, this work suggests that there are multiple effects of MOPr phosphorylation that appear to regulate MOPr function: one affecting β-arrestin binding and a second affecting agonist binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James R Bunzow
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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212
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Potts LF, Park ES, Woo JM, Dyavar Shetty BL, Singh A, Braithwaite SP, Voronkov M, Papa SM, Mouradian MM. Dual κ-agonist/μ-antagonist opioid receptor modulation reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesia and corrects dysregulated striatal changes in the nonhuman primate model of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:930-41. [PMID: 25820831 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective medical management of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains an unmet need for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Changes in opioid transmission in the basal ganglia associated with LID suggest a therapeutic opportunity. Here we determined the impact of modulating both mu and kappa opioid receptor signaling using the mixed agonist/antagonist analgesic nalbuphine in reducing LID and its molecular markers in the nonhuman primate model. METHODS 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated macaques with advanced parkinsonism and reproducible LID received a range of nalbuphine doses or saline subcutaneously as: (1) monotherapy, (2) acute coadministration with levodopa, and (3) chronic coadministration for 1 month. Animals were assessed by blinded examiners for motor disability and LID severity using standardized rating scales. Plasma levodopa levels were determined with and without nalbuphine, and postmortem brain samples were subjected to Western blot analyses. RESULTS Nalbuphine reduced LID in a dose-dependent manner by 48% (p < 0.001) without compromising the anti-PD effect of levodopa or changing plasma levodopa levels. There was no tolerance to the anti-LID effect of nalbuphine given chronically. Nalbuphine coadministered with levodopa was well tolerated and did not cause sedation. Nalbuphine monotherapy had no effect on motor disability. Striatal tissue analyses showed that nalbuphine cotherapy blocks several molecular correlates of LID, including overexpression of ΔFosB, prodynorphin, dynorphin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and increased phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at threonine-34. INTERPRETATION Nalbuphine reverses the molecular milieu in the striatum associated with LID and is a safe and effective anti-LID agent in the primate model of PD. These findings support repurposing this analgesic for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Potts
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eun S Park
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Bhagya L Dyavar Shetty
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Stella M Papa
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - M Maral Mouradian
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ.,MentiNova, New Brunswick, NJ
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213
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Watanabe N, Piché M, Hotta H. Types of skin afferent fibers and spinal opioid receptors that contribute to touch-induced inhibition of heart rate changes evoked by noxious cutaneous heat stimulation. Mol Pain 2015; 11:4. [PMID: 25884917 PMCID: PMC4335417 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In anesthetized rats and conscious humans, a gentle touch using a soft disc covered with microcones (with a texture similar to that of a finger), but not with a flat disc, inhibits nociceptive somatocardiac reflexes. Such an inhibitory effect is most reliably evoked when touch is applied to the skin ipsilateral and closest to nociceptive inputs. However, the mechanism of this inhibition is not completely elucidated. We aimed to clarify the types of cutaneous afferent fibers and spinal opioid receptors that contribute to antinociceptive effects of microcone touch. Results The present study comprised two experiments with urethane-anesthetized rats. In the first experiment, unitary activity of skin afferent fibers was recorded from the saphenous nerve, and responses to a 10-min touch using a microcone disc and a flat disc (control) were compared. Greater discharge rate during microcone touch was observed in low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferent units, whereas many Aβ afferents responded similarly to the two types of touch. In the second experiment, the effect of an intrathecal injection of opioid receptor antagonists on the inhibitory effects of microcone touch on heart rate responses to noxious heat stimulation was examined. The magnitude of the heart rate response was significantly reduced by microcone touch in rats that received saline or naltrindole (δ-opioid receptor antagonist) injections. However, such an inhibition was not observed in rats that received naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist) or Phe-Cys-Tyr-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP; μ-opioid receptor antagonist) injections. Conclusions Microcone touch induced greater responses of low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferent units than control touch. The antinociceptive effect of microcone touch was abolished by intrathecal injection of μ-opioid receptor antagonist. These results suggest that excitation of low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferents produces the release of endogenous μ-opioid ligands in the spinal cord, resulting in the inhibition of nociceptive transmission that contributes to somatocardiac reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. Des Forges, C.P 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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214
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Fujiyama F, Takahashi S, Karube F. Morphological elucidation of basal ganglia circuits contributing reward prediction. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:6. [PMID: 25698913 PMCID: PMC4318281 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies in monkeys have shown that dopaminergic neurons respond to the reward prediction error. In addition, striatal neurons alter their responsiveness to cortical or thalamic inputs in response to the dopamine signal, via the mechanism of dopamine-regulated synaptic plasticity. These findings have led to the hypothesis that the striatum exhibits synaptic plasticity under the influence of the reward prediction error and conduct reinforcement learning throughout the basal ganglia circuits. The reinforcement learning model is useful; however, the mechanism by which such a process emerges in the basal ganglia needs to be anatomically explained. The actor–critic model has been previously proposed and extended by the existence of role sharing within the striatum, focusing on the striosome/matrix compartments. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to confirm morphologically, partly because of the complex structure of the striosome/matrix compartments. Here, we review recent morphological studies that elucidate the input/output organization of the striatal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumino Fujiyama
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Department of Systems Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Department of Systems Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Department of Systems Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan
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215
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µ- and κ-Opioid receptor activation in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter differentially modulates panic-like behaviours induced by electrical and chemical stimulation of the inferior colliculus. Brain Res 2015; 1597:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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216
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Rorick-Kehn LM, Witcher JW, Lowe SL, Gonzales CR, Weller MA, Bell RL, Hart JC, Need AB, McKinzie JH, Statnick MA, Suico JG, McKinzie DL, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Mitch CH, Stoltz RR, Wong CJ. Determining pharmacological selectivity of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 using pupillometry as a translational biomarker in rat and human. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu036. [PMID: 25637376 PMCID: PMC4368892 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective kappa opioid receptor antagonism is a promising experimental strategy for the treatment of depression. The kappa opioid receptor antagonist, LY2456302, exhibits ~30-fold higher affinity for kappa opioid receptors over mu opioid receptors, which is the next closest identified pharmacology. METHODS Here, we determined kappa opioid receptor pharmacological selectivity of LY2456302 by assessing mu opioid receptor antagonism using translational pupillometry in rats and humans. RESULTS In rats, morphine-induced mydriasis was completely blocked by the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (3mg/kg, which produced 90% mu opioid receptor occupancy), while 100 and 300 mg/kg LY2456302 (which produced 56% and 87% mu opioid receptor occupancy, respectively) only partially blocked morphine-induced mydriasis. In humans, fentanyl-induced miosis was completely blocked by 50mg naltrexone, and LY2456302 dose-dependently blocked miosis at 25 and 60 mg (minimal-to-no blockade at 4-10mg). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of translational pupillometry in the context of receptor occupancy to identify a clinical dose of LY2456302 achieving maximal kappa opioid receptor occupancy without evidence of significant mu receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Rorick-Kehn
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz).
| | - Jennifer W Witcher
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Stephen L Lowe
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Celedon R Gonzales
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Mary Ann Weller
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Robert L Bell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - John C Hart
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Anne B Need
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Jamie H McKinzie
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Michael A Statnick
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Jeffrey G Suico
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - David L McKinzie
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Sitra Tauscher-Wisniewski
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Charles H Mitch
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Randall R Stoltz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
| | - Conrad J Wong
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Rorick-Kehn, Witcher, Lowe, Gonzales, Bell, Hard, Need, J. McKinzie, Statnick, Suico, D. McKinzie, Tauscher-Wisniewski, Mitch, and Wong); inVentiv Health Clinical, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Weller); Covance Clinical Research Unit, Inc., Evansville, Indiana (Dr Stoltz)
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Baimel C, Bartlett SE, Chiou LC, Lawrence AJ, Muschamp JW, Patkar O, Tung LW, Borgland SL. Orexin/hypocretin role in reward: implications for opioid and other addictions. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:334-48. [PMID: 24641197 PMCID: PMC4292951 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Addiction is a devastating disorder that affects 15.3 million people worldwide. While prevalent, few effective treatments exist. Orexin receptors have been proposed as a potential target for anti-craving medications. Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are neuropeptides produced in neurons of the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus and perifornical area, which project widely throughout the brain. The absence of orexins in rodents and humans leads to narcolepsy. However, orexins also have an established role in reward seeking. This review will discuss some of the original studies describing the roles of the orexins in reward seeking as well as specific works that were presented at the 2013 International Narcotics Research Conference. Orexin signalling can promote drug-induced plasticity of glutamatergic synapses onto dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region implicated in motivated behaviour. Additional evidence suggests that orexin signalling can also promote drug seeking by initiating an endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic depression of GABAergic inputs to the VTA, and thereby disinhibiting dopaminergic neurons. Orexin neurons co-express the inhibitory opioid peptide dynorphin. It has been proposed that orexin in the VTA may not mediate reward per se, but rather occludes the 'anti-reward' effects of dynorphin. Finally, orexin signalling in the prefrontal cortex and the central amygdala is implicated in reinstatement of reward seeking. This review will highlight recent work describing the role of orexin signalling in cellular processes underlying addiction-related behaviours and propose novel hypotheses for the mechanisms by which orexin signalling may impart drug seeking. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Baimel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute, Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Muschamp
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omkar Patkar
- Translational Research Institute, Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Li-Wei Tung
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
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218
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Riley AP, Groer CE, Young D, Ewald AW, Kivell BM, Prisinzano TE. Synthesis and κ-opioid receptor activity of furan-substituted salvinorin A analogues. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10464-75. [PMID: 25426797 PMCID: PMC4281103 DOI: 10.1021/jm501521d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A, found in the leaves of Salvia divinorum, is a potent κ-opioid receptor agonist, making it an attractive scaffold for development into a treatment for substance abuse. Although several successful semisynthetic studies have been performed to elucidate structure-activity relationships, the lack of analogues with substitutions to the furan ring of salvinorin A has prevented a thorough understanding of its role in binding to the κ-opioid receptor. Herein we report the synthesis of several salvinorin A derivatives with modified furan rings. Evaluation of these compounds in a functional assay indicated that sterically less demanding substitutions are preferred, suggesting the furan ring is bound in a congested portion of the binding pocket. The most potent of the analogues successfully reduced drug-seeking behavior in an animal model of drug-relapse without producing the sedation observed with other κ-opioid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Riley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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219
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Sohn J, Hioki H, Okamoto S, Kaneko T. Preprodynorphin-expressing neurons constitute a large subgroup of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the mouse neocortex. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1506-26. [PMID: 24122731 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dynorphins, leumorphin, and neoendorphins are preprodynorphin (PPD)-derived peptides and ligands for κ-opioid receptors. Using an antibody to PPD C-terminal, we investigated the chemical and molecular characteristics of PPD-expressing neurons in mouse neocortex. PPD-immunopositive neuronal somata were distributed most frequently in layer 5 and less frequently in layers 2-4 and 6 throughout neocortical regions. Combined labeling of immunofluorescence and fluorescent mRNA signals revealed that almost all PPD-immunopositive neurons expressed glutamic acid decarboxylase but not vesicular glutamate transporter, indicating their γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic characteristics, and that PPD-immunopositive neurons accounted for 15% of GABAergic interneurons in the primary somatosensory area. As GABAergic interneurons were divided into several groups by specific markers, we further examined the chemical characteristics of PPD-expressing neurons by the double immunofluorescence labeling method. More than 95% of PPD-immunopositive neurons were also somatostatin (SOM)-immunopositive in the primary somatosensory, primary motor, orbitofrontal, and primary visual areas, but only 24% were SOM-immunopositive in the medial prefrontal cortex. In the primary somatosensory area, PPD-immunopositive neurons constituted 50%, 79%, 55%, and 17% of SOM-immunopositive neurons in layers 2-3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Although SOM-expressing neurons contained calretinin-, neuropeptide Y-, nitric oxide synthase-, and reelin-expressing neurons as subgroups, only reelin immunoreactivity was detected in many PPD-immunopositive neurons. These results indicate that PPD-expressing neurons constitute a large subgroup of SOM-expressing cortical interneurons, and the PPD/SOM-expressing GABAergic neurons might serve not only as inhibitory elements in the local cortical circuit, but also as modulators for cortical neurons expressing κ-opioid and/or SOM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaerin Sohn
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, 102-8472, Japan
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220
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Zhang HY, Gao M, Liu QR, Bi GH, Li X, Yang HJ, Gardner EL, Wu J, Xi ZX. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate midbrain dopamine neuronal activity and dopamine-related behavior in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5007-15. [PMID: 25368177 PMCID: PMC4246322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413210111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) have been recently reported to modulate brain dopamine (DA)-related behaviors; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying these actions are unclear. Here we report that CB2Rs are expressed in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons and functionally modulate DA neuronal excitability and DA-related behavior. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assays detected CB2 mRNA and CB2R immunostaining in VTA DA neurons. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that activation of CB2Rs by JWH133 or other CB2R agonists inhibited VTA DA neuronal firing in vivo and ex vivo, whereas microinjections of JWH133 into the VTA inhibited cocaine self-administration. Importantly, all of the above findings observed in WT or CB1(-/-) mice are blocked by CB2R antagonist and absent in CB2(-/-) mice. These data suggest that CB2R-mediated reduction of VTA DA neuronal activity may underlie JWH133's modulation of DA-regulated behaviors.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Animals
- Appetitive Behavior/drug effects
- Appetitive Behavior/physiology
- Cannabinoids/administration & dosage
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cocaine/administration & dosage
- Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology
- Dopamine/physiology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/physiology
- Feeding Behavior/drug effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microinjections
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/physiology
- Reward
- Self Administration
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Ventral Tegmental Area/drug effects
- Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Ming Gao
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hong-Ju Yang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jie Wu
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004; and Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 210854, China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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221
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Periaqueductal gray μ and κ opioid receptors determine behavioral selection from maternal to predatory behavior in lactating rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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222
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Xu J, Lu Z, Xu M, Rossi GC, Kest B, Waxman AR, Pasternak GW, Pan YX. Differential expressions of the alternatively spliced variant mRNAs of the µ opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, in brain regions of four inbred mouse strains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111267. [PMID: 25343478 PMCID: PMC4208855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The µ opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, undergoes extensive alternative pre-mRNA splicing in rodents and humans, with dozens of alternatively spliced variants of the OPRM1 gene. The present studies establish a SYBR green quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to more accurately quantify mouse OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs. Using these qPCR assays, we examined the expression of OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs in selected brain regions of four inbred mouse strains displaying differences in µ opioid-induced tolerance and physical dependence: C56BL/6J, 129P3/J, SJL/J and SWR/J. The complete mRNA expression profiles of the OPRM1 splice variants reveal marked differences of the variant mRNA expression among the brain regions in each mouse strain, suggesting region-specific alternative splicing of the OPRM1 gene. The expression of many variants was also strain-specific, implying a genetic influence on OPRM1 alternative splicing. The expression levels of a number of the variant mRNAs in certain brain regions appear to correlate with strain sensitivities to morphine analgesia, tolerance and physical dependence in four mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grace C. Rossi
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Post Campus, Brookville, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Kest
- Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Neuroscience, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Waxman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Neuroscience, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Gavril W. Pasternak
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ying-Xian Pan
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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223
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Lim SAO, Kang UJ, McGehee DS. Striatal cholinergic interneuron regulation and circuit effects. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:22. [PMID: 25374536 PMCID: PMC4204445 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum plays a central role in motor control and motor learning. Appropriate responses to environmental stimuli, including pursuit of reward or avoidance of aversive experience all require functional striatal circuits. These pathways integrate synaptic inputs from limbic and cortical regions including sensory, motor and motivational information to ultimately connect intention to action. Although many neurotransmitters participate in striatal circuitry, one critically important player is acetylcholine (ACh). Relative to other brain areas, the striatum contains exceptionally high levels of ACh, the enzymes that catalyze its synthesis and breakdown, as well as both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor types that mediate its postsynaptic effects. The principal source of striatal ACh is the cholinergic interneuron (ChI), which comprises only about 1-2% of all striatal cells yet sends dense arbors of projections throughout the striatum. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the factors affecting the excitability of these neurons through acute effects and long term changes in their synaptic inputs. In addition, we discuss the physiological effects of ACh in the striatum, and how changes in ACh levels may contribute to disease states during striatal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S McGehee
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Hippocampal oscillations are critical for information processing, and are strongly influenced by inputs from the medial septum. Hippocamposeptal neurons provide direct inhibitory feedback from the hippocampus onto septal cells, and are therefore likely to also play an important role in the circuit; these neurons fire at either low or high frequency, reflecting hippocampal network activity during theta oscillations or ripple events, respectively. Here, we optogenetically target the long-range GABAergic projection from the hippocampus to the medial septum in rats, and thereby simulate hippocampal input onto downstream septal cells in an acute slice preparation. In response to optogenetic activation of hippocamposeptal fibers at theta and ripple frequencies, we elicit postsynaptic GABAergic responses in a subset (24%) of septal cells, most predominantly in fast-spiking cells. In addition, in another subset of septal cells (19%) corresponding primarily to cholinergic cells, we observe a slow hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a decrease in input resistance, particularly in response to prolonged high-frequency (ripple range) stimulation. This slow response is partially sensitive to GIRK channel and D2 dopamine receptor block. Our results suggest that two independent populations of septal cells distinctly encode hippocampal feedback, enabling the septum to monitor ongoing patterns of activity in the hippocampus.
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225
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Gardon O, Faget L, Chu Sin Chung P, Matifas A, Massotte D, Kieffer BL. Expression of mu opioid receptor in dorsal diencephalic conduction system: new insights for the medial habenula. Neuroscience 2014; 277:595-609. [PMID: 25086313 PMCID: PMC4164589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The habenular complex, encompassing medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) divisions, is a highly conserved epithalamic structure involved in the dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDC). These brain nuclei regulate information flow between the limbic forebrain and the mid- and hindbrain, integrating cognitive with emotional and sensory processes. The MHb is also one of the strongest expression sites for mu opioid receptors (MORs), which mediate analgesic and rewarding properties of opiates. At present however, anatomical distribution and function of these receptors have been poorly studied in MHb pathways. Here we took advantage of a newly generated MOR-mcherry knock-in mouse line to characterize MOR expression sites in the DDC. MOR-mcherry fluorescent signal is weak in the LHb, but strong expression is visible in the MHb, fasciculus retroflexus (fr) and interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), indicating that MOR is mainly present in the MHb-IPN pathway. MOR-mcherry cell bodies are detected both in basolateral and apical parts of MHb, where the receptor co-localizes with cholinergic and substance P (SP) neurons, respectively, representing two main MHb neuronal populations. MOR-mcherry is expressed in most MHb-SP neurons, and is present in only a subpopulation of MHb-cholinergic neurons. Intense diffuse fluorescence detected in lateral and rostral parts of the IPN further suggests that MOR-mcherry is transported to terminals of these SP and cholinergic neurons. Finally, MOR-mcherry is present in septal regions projecting to the MHb, and in neurons of the central and intermediate IPN. Together, this study describes MOR expression in several compartments of the MHb-IPN circuitry. The remarkably high MOR density in the MHb-IPN pathway suggests that these receptors are in a unique position to mediate analgesic, autonomic and reward responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gardon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - L Faget
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - P Chu Sin Chung
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - A Matifas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - D Massotte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - B L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch, France.
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226
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Butorphanol suppression of histamine itch is mediated by nucleus accumbens and septal nuclei: a pharmacological fMRI study. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:560-568. [PMID: 25211175 PMCID: PMC4289457 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors in the central nervous system are important modulators of itch transmission. In this study, we examined the effect of mixed-action opioid butorphanol on histamine itch, cowhage itch and heat pain in healthy volunteers. Using functional MRI, we investigated significant changes in cerebral perfusion to identify the critical brain centers mediating the antipruritic effect of butorphanol. Butorphanol suppressed the itch induced experimentally with histamine, reduced the intensity of cowhage itch by approximately 35%, and did not affect heat pain sensitivity. In comparison with the placebo, butorphanol produced a bilateral deactivation of claustrum, insula and putamen, areas activated during itch processing. Analysis of cerebral perfusion patterns of brain processing of itch vs. itch inhibition under the effect of the drug, revealed that the reduction of cowhage itch by butorphanol was correlated with changes in cerebral perfusion in the midbrain, thalamus, S1, insula and cerebellum. The suppression of histamine itch by butorphanol was paralleled by the activation of nucleus accumbens and septal nuclei, structures expressing high levels of kappa opioid receptors. In conclusion, important relays of the mesolimbic circuit were involved in the inhibition of itch by butorphanol and could represent potential targets for the development of antipruritic therapy.
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Sasaki K, Sumiyoshi A, Nonaka H, Kasahara Y, Ikeda K, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Watanabe M, Kawashima R, Sora I. Specific regions display altered grey matter volume in μ-opioid receptor knockout mice: MRI voxel-based morphometry. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:654-67. [PMID: 24913308 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE μ Opioid receptor knockout (MOP-KO) mice display several behavioural differences from wild-type (WT) littermates including differential responses to nociceptive stimuli. Brain structural changes have been tied to behavioural alterations noted in transgenic mice with targeting of different genes. Hence, we assess the brain structure of MOP-KO mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and histological methods were used to identify structural differences between extensively backcrossed MOP-KO mice and WT mice. KEY RESULTS MOP-KO mice displayed robust increases in regional grey matter volume in olfactory bulb, several hypothalamic nuclei, periaqueductal grey (PAG) and several cerebellar areas, most confirmed by VBM analysis. The largest increases in grey matter volume were detected in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, ventrolateral PAG (VLPAG) and cerebellar regions including paramedian and cerebellar lobules. Histological analyses confirm several of these results, with increased VLPAG cell numbers and increased thickness of the olfactory bulb granule cell layer and cerebellar molecular and granular cell layers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MOP deletion causes previously undescribed structural changes in specific brain regions, but not in all regions with high MOP receptor densities (e.g. thalamus, nucleus accumbens) or that exhibit adult neurogenesis (e.g. hippocampus). Volume differences in hypothalamus and PAG may reflect behavioural changes including hyperalgesia. Although the precise relationship between volume change and MOP receptor deletion was not determined from this study alone, these findings suggest that levels of MOP receptor expression may influence a broader range of neural structure and function in humans than previously supposed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasu Sasaki
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Short term morphine exposure in vitro alters proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and promotes apoptosis via mu receptors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103043. [PMID: 25072277 PMCID: PMC4114742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic morphine treatment inhibits neural progenitor cell (NPC) progression and negatively effects hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effect of acute opioid treatment on cell development and its influence on NPC differentiation and proliferation in vitro is unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of a single, short term exposure of morphine on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of NPCs and the mechanism involved. METHODS Cell cultures from 14-day mouse embryos were exposed to different concentrations of morphine and its antagonist naloxone for 24 hours and proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis were studied. Proliferating cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and cell fate was studied with immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Cells treated with morphine demonstrated decreased BrdU expression with increased morphine concentrations. Analysis of double-labeled cells showed a decrease in cells co-stained for BrdU with nestin and an increase in cells co-stained with BrdU and neuron-specific class III β-tubuline (TUJ1) in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, a significant increase in caspase-3 activity was observed in the nestin- positive cells. Addition of naloxone to morphine-treated NPCs reversed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of morphine. CONCLUSIONS Short term morphine exposure induced inhibition of NPC proliferation and increased active caspase-3 expression in a dose dependent manner. Morphine induces neuronal and glial differentiation and decreases the expression of nestin- positive cells. These effects were reversed with the addition of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Our results demonstrate the effects of short term morphine administration on the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs and imply a mu-receptor mechanism in the regulation of NPC survival.
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229
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Kawabe T, Ueyama T, Hano T, Sapru HN. Cardiovascular responses to microinjections of endomorphin-2 into the nucleus of the solitary tract are attenuated in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:197-206. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.933969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawabe
- Center for Educational Research and Development, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan,
| | - Takashi Ueyama
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan, and
| | - Takuzo Hano
- Center for Educational Research and Development, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan,
| | - Hreday N. Sapru
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Gendron L, Mittal N, Beaudry H, Walwyn W. Recent advances on the δ opioid receptor: from trafficking to function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:403-19. [PMID: 24665909 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Within the opioid family of receptors, δ (DOPrs) and μ opioid receptors (MOPrs) are typical GPCRs that activate canonical second-messenger signalling cascades to influence diverse cellular functions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. These receptors activate well-known pathways to influence ion channel function and pathways such as the map kinase cascade, AC and PI3K. In addition new information regarding opioid receptor-interacting proteins, downstream signalling pathways and resultant functional effects has recently come to light. In this review, we will examine these novel findings focusing on the DOPr and, in doing so, will contrast and compare DOPrs with MOPrs in terms of differences and similarities in function, signalling pathways, distribution and interactions. We will also discuss and clarify issues that have recently surfaced regarding the expression and function of DOPrs in different cell types and analgesia. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de physiologie et biophysique, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Brewer KL, Baran CA, Whitfield BR, Jensen AM, Clemens S. Dopamine D3 receptor dysfunction prevents anti-nociceptive effects of morphine in the spinal cord. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:62. [PMID: 24966815 PMCID: PMC4052813 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates spinal reflexes, including nociceptive reflexes, in part via the D3 receptor subtype. We have previously shown that mice lacking the functional D3 receptor (D3KO) exhibit decreased paw withdrawal latencies from painful thermal stimuli. Altering the DA system in the CNS, including D1 and D3 receptor systems, reduces the ability of opioids to provide analgesia. Here, we tested if the increased pain sensitivity in D3KO might result from a modified μ-opioid receptor (MOR) function at the spinal cord level. As D1 and D3 receptor subtypes have competing cellular effects and can form heterodimers, we tested if the changes in MOR function may be mediated in D3KO through the functionally intact D1 receptor system. We assessed thermal paw withdrawal latencies in D3KO and wild type (WT) mice before and after systemic treatment with morphine, determined MOR and phosphorylated MOR (p-MOR) protein expression levels in lumbar spinal cords, and tested the functional effects of DA and MOR receptor agonists in the isolated spinal cord. In vivo, a single morphine administration (2 mg/kg) increased withdrawal latencies in WT but not D3KO, and these differential effects were mimicked in vitro, where morphine modulated spinal reflex amplitudes (SRAs) in WT but not D3KO. Total MOR protein expression levels were similar between WT and D3KO, but the ratio of pMOR/total MOR was higher in D3KO. Blocking D3 receptors in the isolated WT cord precluded morphine's inhibitory effects observed under control conditions. Lastly, we observed an increase in D1 receptor protein expression in the lumbar spinal cord of D3KO. Our data suggest that the D3 receptor modulates the MOR system in the spinal cord, and that a dysfunction of the D3 receptor can induce a morphine-resistant state. We propose that the D3KO mouse may serve as a model to study the onset of morphine resistance at the spinal cord level, the primary processing site of the nociceptive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kori L Brewer
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christine A Baran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brian R Whitfield
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - A Marley Jensen
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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Yang HY, Pu XP, Liu Y. Chronic morphine treatment induces over-expression of HSP70 in mice striatum related with abnormal ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 139:53-9. [PMID: 24685564 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that opioid dependence-related neuronal plasticity may rely not only on protein synthesis, but also on protein degradation, mainly mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of morphine on the regulation of protein degradation in the brain and to determine which proteins are involved in the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were given chronic morphine administration and the state of morphine dependence was confirmed by induction of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping. The level of ubiquitinated proteins in the striatum and spinal cord of morphine-dependent mice was detected by Western blotting. One of the abnormal-ubiquitinated proteins in mice striatum was identified by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and the result was further confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence method. RESULTS We found that the expression of some ubiquitinated proteins was clearly decreased in the striatum of morphine-depnendent mice, but not in the spinal cord. And we identified a ubiquitinated protein (>79 kDa) decreased in the striatum as heat shock cognate 70 protein, one member of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70). Moreover, we confirmed the level of HSP70 protein was significantly increased in mice striatum. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest morphine-induced HSP70 overexpression in the striatum is closely related with its abnormal degradation by UPS and it seems to be an important mechanism associated with morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicial Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Pu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
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Zheng MQ, Kim SJ, Holden D, Lin SF, Need A, Rash K, Barth V, Mitch C, Navarro A, Kapinos M, Maloney K, Ropchan J, Carson RE, Huang Y. An Improved Antagonist Radiotracer for the κ-Opioid Receptor: Synthesis and Characterization of (11)C-LY2459989. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1185-91. [PMID: 24854795 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The κ-opioid receptors (KORs) are implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases and addictive disorders. PET with radioligands provides a means to image the KOR in vivo and investigate its function in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to develop the selective KOR antagonist (11)C-LY2459989 as a PET radioligand and characterize its imaging performance in nonhuman primates. METHODS LY2459989 was synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding to opioid receptors. Ex vivo studies in rodents were conducted to assess its potential as a tracer candidate. (11)C-LY2459989 was synthesized by reaction of its iodophenyl precursor with (11)C-cyanide, followed by partial hydrolysis of the resulting (11)C-cyanophenyl intermediate. Imaging experiments with (11)C-LY2459989 were performed in rhesus monkeys with arterial input function measurement. Imaging data were analyzed with kinetic models to derive in vivo binding parameters. RESULTS LY2459989 is a full antagonist with high binding affinity and selectivity for KOR (0.18, 7.68, and 91.3 nM, respectively, for κ, μ, and δ receptors). Ex vivo studies in rats indicated LY2459989 as an appropriate tracer candidate with high specific binding signals and confirmed its KOR binding selectivity in vivo. (11)C-LY2459989 was synthesized in high radiochemical purity and good specific activity. In rhesus monkeys, (11)C-LY2459989 displayed a fast rate of peripheral metabolism. Similarly, (11)C-LY2459989 displayed fast uptake kinetics in the brain and an uptake pattern consistent with the distribution of KOR in primates. Pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg, intravenously) resulted in a uniform distribution of radioactivity in the brain. Further, specific binding of (11)C-LY2459989 was dose-dependently reduced by the selective KOR antagonist LY2456302 and the unlabeled LY2459989. Regional binding potential values derived from the multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method, as a measure of in vivo specific binding signal, were 2.18, 1.39, 1.08, 1.04, 1.03, 0.59, 0.51, and 0.50, respectively, for the globus pallidus, cingulate cortex, insula, caudate, putamen, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and thalamus. CONCLUSION The novel PET radioligand (11)C-LY2459989 displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, a specific and KOR-selective binding profile, and high specific binding signals in vivo, thus making it a promising PET imaging agent for KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Su Jin Kim
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Anne Need
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karen Rash
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Michael Kapinos
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Kathleen Maloney
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Santos FM, Grecco LH, Pereira MG, Oliveira ME, Rocha PA, Silva JT, Martins DO, Miyabara EH, Chacur M. The neural mobilization technique modulates the expression of endogenous opioids in the periaqueductal gray and improves muscle strength and mobility in rats with neuropathic pain. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2014; 10:19. [PMID: 24884961 PMCID: PMC4050394 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural mobilization (NM) technique is a noninvasive method that has been proven to be clinically effective in reducing pain; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze whether NM alters the expression of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) and the Kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and improves locomotion and muscle force after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. METHODS The CCI was imposed on adult male rats followed by 10 sessions of NM every other day, starting 14 days after the CCI injury. At the end of the sessions, the PAG was analyzed using Western blot assays for opioid receptors. Locomotion was analyzed by the Sciatic functional index (SFI), and muscle force was analyzed by the BIOPAC system. RESULTS An improvement in locomotion was observed in animals treated with NM compared with injured animals. Animals treated with NM showed an increase in maximal tetanic force of the tibialis anterior muscle of 172% (p < 0.001) compared with the CCI group. We also observed a decrease of 53% (p < 0.001) and 23% (p < 0.05) in DOR and KOR levels, respectively, after CCI injury compared to those from naive animals and an increase of 17% (p < 0.05) in KOR expression only after NM treatment compared to naive animals. There were no significant changes in MOR expression in the PAG. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that a non-pharmacological NM technique facilitates pain relief by endogenous analgesic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Martinez Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
- Special Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã 05503-900 SP, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Henrique Grecco
- Special Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã 05503-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes Pereira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Evany Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Abreu Rocha
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Teixeira Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Haruka Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil
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Funk D, Coen K, Lê AD. The role of kappa opioid receptors in stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Brain Behav 2014; 4:356-67. [PMID: 24944865 PMCID: PMC4055186 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress is related to heavy alcohol use and relapse in alcoholics. Using the reinstatement model, we have shown that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) underlies stress-induced relapse to alcohol seeking in laboratory rodents. Little is known about how other neurotransmitters interact with CRF in these effects. Dynorphin and its receptor (kappa opioid receptor, KOR) are involved in stress responses and in alcohol seeking. KOR and CRF receptors (CRF R) may interact in the production of stress-related behaviors but it is not known whether this interaction is involved in reinstatement of alcohol seeking. METHODS Male Long Evans rats were trained to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v). After extinction of responding, we determined the effects of the KOR agonist, U50,488 (2.5, 5 mg/kg) on reinstatement of alcohol seeking, and their sensitivity to the selective KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) (10 mg/kg) administered at different times before U50,488. We then examined the effects of nor-BNI on reinstatement induced by the stressor yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg) and on reinstatement induced by exposure to alcohol-associated cues. Finally, we determined whether CRF R1 blockade with antalarmin (10, 20 mg/kg) attenuates alcohol seeking induced by U50,488. RESULTS U50,488 reinstated alcohol seeking. Prior treatment with nor-BNI 2, but not 24 h before administration of U50,488 or yohimbine blocked reinstatement induced by these drugs. Cue-induced reinstatement was blocked by nor-BNI administered 2 h prior to testing. Finally, U50,488-induced reinstatement was blocked by antalarmin. CONCLUSIONS These data further support a role for KOR in reinstatement of alcohol seeking under nonstress and stressful conditions and that KOR and CRF R interact in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Funk
- Neurobiology of Alcohol Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathleen Coen
- Neurobiology of Alcohol Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Canada
| | - A D Lê
- Neurobiology of Alcohol Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto Toronto, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, Canada
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236
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Oude Ophuis RJA, Boender AJ, van Rozen AJ, Adan RAH. Cannabinoid, melanocortin and opioid receptor expression on DRD1 and DRD2 subpopulations in rat striatum. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:14. [PMID: 24723856 PMCID: PMC3972466 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum harbors two neuronal populations that enable action selection. One population represents the striatonigral pathway, expresses the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) and promotes the execution of motor programs, while the other population represents the striatopallidal pathway, expresses the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and suppresses voluntary activity. The two populations integrate distinct sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional information streams and their combined activity enables the selection of adaptive behaviors. Characterization of these populations is critical to the understanding of their role in action selection, because it aids the identification of the molecular mechanisms that separate them. To that end, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization to quantify the percentage of striatal cells that (co)express dopaminergic receptors and receptors of the cannabinoid, melanocortin or opioid neurotransmitters systems. Our main findings are that the cannabinoid 1 receptor is equally expressed on both populations with a gradient from dorsal to ventral striatum, that the opioid receptors have a preference for expression with either the DRD1 or DRD2 and that the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is predominantly expressed in ventral parts of the striatum. In addition, we find that the level of MC4R expression determines its localization to either the DRD1 or the DRD2 population. Thereby, we provide insight into the sensitivity of the two dopaminoceptive populations to these neurotransmitters and progress the understanding of the mechanisms that enable action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J A Oude Ophuis
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Boender
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea J van Rozen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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237
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Urbano M, Guerrero M, Rosen H, Roberts E. Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2021-32. [PMID: 24690494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research community has increasingly focused on the development of OPRK antagonists as pharmacotherapies for the treatment of depression, anxiety, addictive disorders and other psychiatric conditions produced or exacerbated by stress. Short-acting OPRK antagonists have been recently developed as a potential improvement over long-acting prototypic ligands including nor-BNI and JDTic. Remarkably the short-acting LY2456302 is undergoing phase II clinical trials for the augmentation of the antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression. This Letter reviews relevant chemical and pharmacological advances in the identification and development of OPRK antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Urbano
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Edward Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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238
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Casal-Dominguez JJ, Furkert D, Ostovar M, Teintang L, Clark MJ, Traynor JR, Husbands SM, Bailey SJ. Characterization of BU09059: a novel potent selective κ-receptor antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:177-84. [PMID: 24410326 DOI: 10.1021/cn4001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa-opioid receptor (κ) antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for a range of psychiatric disorders. The feasibility of developing κ-antagonists has been limited by the pharmacodynamic properties of prototypic κ-selective antagonists; that is, they inhibit receptor signaling for weeks after a single administration. To address this issue, novel trans-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl) piperidine derivatives, based on JDTic, were designed using soft-drug principles. The aim was to determine if the phenylpiperidine-based series of κ-antagonists was amenable to incorporation of a potentially metabolically labile group, while retaining good affinity and selectivity for the κ-receptor. Opioid receptor binding affinity and selectivity of three novel compounds (BU09057, BU09058, and BU09059) were tested. BU09059, which most closely resembles JDTic, had nanomolar affinity for the κ-receptor, with 15-fold and 616-fold selectivity over μ- and δ-receptors, respectively. In isolated tissues, BU09059 was a potent and selective κ-antagonist (pA2 8.62) compared with BU09057 (pA2 6.87) and BU09058 (pA2 6.76) which were not κ-selective. In vivo, BU09059 (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly blocked U50,488-induced antinociception and was as potent as, but shorter acting than, the prototypic selective κ-antagonist norBNI. These data show that a new JDTic analogue, BU09059, retains high affinity and selectivity for the κ-receptor and has a shorter duration of κ-antagonist action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Furkert
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mehrnoosh Ostovar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Linnea Teintang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary J. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen. M. Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Bailey
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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239
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Fu CY, Xia RL, Zhang TF, Lu Y, Zhang SF, Yu ZQ, Jin T, Mou XZ. Hemokinin-1(4-11)-induced analgesia selectively up-regulates δ-opioid receptor expression in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90446. [PMID: 24587368 PMCID: PMC3938741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that an active fragment of human tachykinins (hHK-1(4-11)) produced an opioid-independent analgesia after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection in mice, which has been markedly enhanced by a δ OR antagonist, naltrindole hydrochloride (NTI). In this study, we have further characterized the in vivo analgesia after i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11) in mouse model. Our qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of several ligands and receptors (e.g. PPT-A, PPT-C, KOR, PDYN and PENK) have not changed significantly. Furthermore, neither transcription nor expression of NK1 receptor, MOR and POMC have changed noticeably. In contrast, both mRNA and protein levels of DOR have been up-regulated significantly, indicating that the enhanced expression of δ opioid receptor negatively modulates the analgesia induced by i.c.v. injection of hHK-1(4-11). Additionally, the combinatorial data from our previous and present experiments strongly suggest that the discriminable distribution sites in the central nervous system between hHK-1(4-11) and r/mHK-1 may be attributed to their discriminable analgesic effects. Altogether, our findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the complicated mechanisms regarding the nociceptive modulation of hemokinin-1 as well as its active fragments at supraspinal level, but may also lead to novel pharmacological interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tachykinins/administration & dosage
- Tachykinins/chemistry
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tachykinins/metabolism
- Tachykinins/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Fu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Rui-Long Xia
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Fu Zhang
- Lab of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
| | - Tao Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CF); (XM); (ZY)
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240
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Bardoni R, Tawfik VL, Wang D, François A, Solorzano C, Shuster SA, Choudhury P, Betelli C, Cassidy C, Smith K, de Nooij JC, Mennicken F, O'Donnell D, Kieffer BL, Woodbury CJ, Basbaum AI, MacDermott AB, Scherrer G. Delta opioid receptors presynaptically regulate cutaneous mechanosensory neuron input to the spinal cord dorsal horn. Neuron 2014; 81:1312-1327. [PMID: 24583022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous mechanosensory neurons detect mechanical stimuli that generate touch and pain sensation. Although opioids are generally associated only with the control of pain, here we report that the opioid system in fact broadly regulates cutaneous mechanosensation, including touch. This function is predominantly subserved by the delta opioid receptor (DOR), which is expressed by myelinated mechanoreceptors that form Meissner corpuscles, Merkel cell-neurite complexes, and circumferential hair follicle endings. These afferents also include a small population of CGRP-expressing myelinated nociceptors that we now identify as the somatosensory neurons that coexpress mu and delta opioid receptors. We further demonstrate that DOR activation at the central terminals of myelinated mechanoreceptors depresses synaptic input to the spinal dorsal horn, via the inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels. Collectively our results uncover a molecular mechanism by which opioids modulate cutaneous mechanosensation and provide a rationale for targeting DOR to alleviate injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Vivianne L Tawfik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Amaury François
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Carlos Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Scott A Shuster
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Papiya Choudhury
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chiara Betelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Colleen Cassidy
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kristen Smith
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Joriene C de Nooij
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Françoise Mennicken
- AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, Department of Translational Science, Montreal, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Dajan O'Donnell
- AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, Department of Translational Science, Montreal, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7104 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, U964 INSERM, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - C Jeffrey Woodbury
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amy B MacDermott
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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241
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Atwood BK, Kupferschmidt DA, Lovinger DM. Opioids induce dissociable forms of long-term depression of excitatory inputs to the dorsal striatum. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:540-8. [PMID: 24561996 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As prescription opioid analgesic abuse rates rise, so does the need to understand the long-term effects of opioid exposure on brain function. The dorsal striatum is an important site for drug-induced neuronal plasticity. We found that exogenously applied and endogenously released opioids induced long-term depression (OP-LTD) of excitatory inputs to the dorsal striatum in mice and rats. Mu and delta OP-LTD, although both being presynaptically expressed, were dissociable in that they summated, differentially occluded endocannabinoid-LTD and inhibited different striatal inputs. Kappa OP-LTD showed a unique subregional expression in striatum. A single in vivo exposure to the opioid analgesic oxycodone disrupted mu OP-LTD and endocannabinoid-LTD, but not delta or kappa OP-LTD. These data reveal previously unknown opioid-mediated forms of long-term striatal plasticity that are differentially affected by opioid analgesic exposure and are likely important mediators of striatum-dependent learning and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady K Atwood
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Kupferschmidt
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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242
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Rorick-Kehn LM, Witkin JM, Statnick MA, Eberle EL, McKinzie JH, Kahl SD, Forster BM, Wong CJ, Li X, Crile RS, Shaw DB, Sahr AE, Adams BL, Quimby SJ, Diaz N, Jimenez A, Pedregal C, Mitch CH, Knopp KL, Anderson WH, Cramer JW, McKinzie DL. LY2456302 is a novel, potent, orally-bioavailable small molecule kappa-selective antagonist with activity in animal models predictive of efficacy in mood and addictive disorders. Neuropharmacology 2014; 77:131-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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243
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Kupchik YM, Scofield MD, Rice KC, Cheng K, Roques BP, Kalivas PW. Cocaine dysregulates opioid gating of GABA neurotransmission in the ventral pallidum. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1057-66. [PMID: 24431463 PMCID: PMC3891949 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4336-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is a target of dense nucleus accumbens projections. Many of these projections coexpress GABA and the neuropeptide enkephalin, a δ and μ opioid receptor (MOR) ligand. Of these two, the MOR in the VP is known to be involved in reward-related behaviors, such as hedonic responses to palatable food, alcohol intake, and reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Stimulating MORs in the VP decreases extracellular GABA, indicating that the effects of MORs in the VP on cocaine seeking are via modulating GABA neurotransmission. Here, we use whole-cell patch-clamp on a rat model of withdrawal from cocaine self-administration to test the hypothesis that MORs presynaptically regulate GABA transmission in the VP and that cocaine withdrawal changes the interaction between MORs and GABA. We found that in cocaine-extinguished rats pharmacological activation of MORs no longer presynaptically inhibited GABA release, whereas blocking the MORs disinhibited GABA release. Moreover, MOR-dependent long-term depression of GABA neurotransmission in the VP was lost in cocaine-extinguished rats. Last, GABA neurotransmission was found to be tonically suppressed in cocaine-extinguished rats. These substantial synaptic changes indicated that cocaine was increasing tone on MOR receptors. Accordingly, increasing endogenous tone by blocking the enzymatic degradation of enkephalin inhibited GABA neurotransmission in yoked saline rats but not in cocaine-extinguished rats. In conclusion, our results indicate that following withdrawal from cocaine self-administration enkephalin levels in the VP are elevated and the opioid modulation of GABA neurotransmission is impaired. This may contribute to the difficulties withdrawn addicts experience when trying to resist relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan M Kupchik
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland 20892, Pharmaleads SAS, 75013 Paris, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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244
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Shim I, Stratford TR, Wirtshafter D. Dopamine is differentially involved in the locomotor hyperactivity produced by manipulations of opioid, GABA and glutamate receptors in the median raphe nucleus. Behav Brain Res 2013; 261:65-70. [PMID: 24333380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The median raphe nucleus (MR) has been shown to exert a powerful influence on behavioral arousal and marked locomotor hyperactivity can be produced by intra-MR injections of a variety of drugs including GABAA and GABAB agonists, excitatory amino acid antagonists, and μ- and δ-opioid agonists. Other studies have indicated that the MR exerts an inhibitory influence on ascending dopamine systems, suggesting that MR induced alterations in activity may be mediated through changes in dopaminergic transmission. In the present study, we explored this possibility by examining whether systemic administration of the preferential D2 dopamine antagonist haloperidol is able to antagonize the hyperactivity produced by intra-MR injections of various drugs. We found that haloperidol completely blocked the locomotor response to intra-MR injections of the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO and the δ-opioid receptor agonist DPDPE. In marked contrast, at doses which abolished the locomotor response to systemic amphetamine, haloperidol had no effect on the hyperactivity induced by intra-MR injections of GABAA agonist muscimol, the GABAB agonist baclofen, or the kainate/quisqualate antagonist pBB-PZDA, even though it suppressed baseline activity in these same animals. These results indicate that there must be at least two mechanisms capable of influencing behavioral arousal within the MR region, one of which is dependent on D2 dopamine receptors and the other is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insop Shim
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago M/C 285 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago 60607-7137, IL, U.S.A; AMSRC, Department of Basic Science College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Thomas R Stratford
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago M/C 285 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago 60607-7137, IL, U.S.A
| | - David Wirtshafter
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago M/C 285 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago 60607-7137, IL, U.S.A.
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245
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Zhou L, Lovell KM, Frankowski KJ, Slauson SR, Phillips AM, Streicher JM, Stahl E, Schmid CL, Hodder P, Madoux F, Cameron MD, Prisinzano TE, Aubé J, Bohn LM. Development of functionally selective, small molecule agonists at kappa opioid receptors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36703-16. [PMID: 24187130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is widely expressed in the CNS and can serve as a means to modulate pain perception, stress responses, and affective reward states. Therefore, the KOR has become a prominent drug discovery target toward treating pain, depression, and drug addiction. Agonists at KOR can promote G protein coupling and βarrestin2 recruitment as well as multiple downstream signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 MAPK activation. It has been suggested that the physiological effects of KOR activation result from different signaling cascades, with analgesia being G protein-mediated and dysphoria being mediated through βarrestin2 recruitment. Dysphoria associated with KOR activation limits the therapeutic potential in the use of KOR agonists as analgesics; therefore, it may be beneficial to develop KOR agonists that are biased toward G protein coupling and away from βarrestin2 recruitment. Here, we describe two classes of biased KOR agonists that potently activate G protein coupling but weakly recruit βarrestin2. These potent and functionally selective small molecule compounds may prove to be useful tools for refining the therapeutic potential of KOR-directed signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- From the Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience and
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246
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Silva ML, Silva JR, Prado WA. Analgesia induced by 2- or 100-Hz electroacupuncture in the rat tail-flick test depends on the anterior pretectal nucleus. Life Sci 2013; 93:742-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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247
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Abstract
Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of dysentery. Opium contains high concentrations of both morphine and codeine, along with thebaine, which is used in the synthesis of a number of semisynthetic opioid analgesics. Thus, it is not surprising that new agents were initially based upon the morphine scaffold. The concept of multiple opioid receptors was first suggested almost 50 years ago (Martin, 1967), opening the possibility of new classes of drugs, but the morphine-like agents have remained the mainstay in the medical management of pain. Termed mu, our understanding of these morphine-like agents and their receptors has undergone an evolution in thinking over the past 35 years. Early pharmacological studies identified three major classes of receptors, helped by the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides and receptor subtypes-primarily through the synthesis of novel agents. These chemical biologic approaches were then eclipsed by the molecular biology revolution, which now reveals a complexity of the morphine-like agents and their receptors that had not been previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavril W Pasternak
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
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248
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Abstract
The expression and contribution of μ (MOPR) and δ opioid receptors (DOPR) in polymodal nociceptors have been recently challenged. Indeed, MOPR and DOPR were shown to be expressed in distinct subpopulation of nociceptors where they inhibit pain induced by noxious heat and mechanical stimuli, respectively. In the present study, we used electrophysiological measurements to assess the effect of spinal MOPR and DOPR activation on heat-induced and mechanically induced diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs). We recorded from wide dynamic range neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of anesthetized rats. Trains of 105 electrical shocks were delivered to the excitatory cutaneous receptive field. DNICs were triggered either by immersion of the hindpaw in 49°C water or application of 300 g of mechanical pressure. To study the involvement of peptidergic primary afferents in the activation of DNIC by noxious heat and mechanical stimulations, substance P release was measured in the spinal cord by visualizing neurokinin type 1 receptor internalization. We found that the activation of spinal MOPR and DOPR similarly attenuates the DNIC and neurokinin type 1 receptor internalization induced either by heat or mechanical stimuli. Our results therefore reveal that the activation of spinal MOPR and DOPR relieves both heat-induced and mechanically induced pain with similar potency and suggest that these receptors are expressed on polymodal, substance P-expressing neurons.
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249
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Lunden JW, Kirby LG. Opiate exposure and withdrawal dynamically regulate mRNA expression in the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuroscience 2013; 254:160-72. [PMID: 24055683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous results from our lab suggest that hypofunctioning of the serotonergic (5-HT) dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is involved in stress-induced opiate reinstatement. To further investigate the effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal on the 5-HT DRN system, we measured gene expression at the level of mRNA in the DRN during a model of morphine dependence, withdrawal and post withdrawal stress exposure in rats. Morphine pellets were implanted for 72h and then either removed or animals were injected with naloxone to produce spontaneous or precipitated withdrawal, respectively. Animals exposed to these conditions exhibited withdrawal symptoms including weight loss, wet dog shakes and jumping behavior. Gene expression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), corticotrophin releasing-factor (CRF)-R1, CRF-R2, alpha 1 subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAA-α1), μ-opioid receptor (MOR), 5-HT1A receptor, tryptophan hydroxylase2 (TPH2) and the 5-HT transporter was then measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at multiple time-points across the model of morphine exposure, withdrawal and post withdrawal stress. Expression levels of BDNF, TrkB and CRF-R1 mRNA were decreased during both morphine exposure and following 7days of withdrawal. CRF-R2 mRNA expression was elevated after 7days of withdrawal. 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression was decreased following 3h of morphine exposure, while TPH2 mRNA expression was decreased after 7days of withdrawal with swim stress. There were no changes in the expression of GABAA-α1, MOR or 5-HT transporter mRNA. Collectively these results suggest that alterations in neurotrophin support, CRF-dependent stress signaling, 5-HT synthesis and release may underlie 5-HT DRN hypofunction that can potentially lead to stress-induced opiate relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lunden
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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250
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Gago B, Fuxe K, Brené S, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Reina-Sánchez MD, Suárez-Boomgaard D, Roales-Buján R, Valderrama-Carvajal A, de la Calle A, Rivera A. Early modulation by the dopamine D4receptor of morphine-induced changes in the opioid peptide systems in the rat caudate putamen. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1533-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gago
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Science, University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine, University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth Roales-Buján
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Science, University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | | | - Adelaida de la Calle
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Science, University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Science, University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
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