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Tan YS, Sansanaphongpricha K, Prince MEP, Sun D, Wolf GT, Lei YL. Engineering Vaccines to Reprogram Immunity against Head and Neck Cancer. J Dent Res 2018; 97:627-634. [PMID: 29533731 PMCID: PMC5960883 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518764416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Food and Drug Administration's approval of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) offers exciting promise to improve patient outcome and reduce morbidities. A favorable response to ICR blockade relies on an extensive collection of preexisting tumor-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). ICR blockade reinvigorates exhausted CD8+ T cells and enhances immune killing. However, resistance to ICR blockade is observed in about 85% of patients with HNSCC, therefore highlighting the importance of characterizing the mechanisms underlying HNSCC immune escape and exploring combinatorial strategies to sensitize hypoimmunogenic cold HNSCC to ICR inhibition. Cancer vaccines are designed to bypass the cold TME and directly deliver cancer antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs); these vaccines epitomize a priming strategy to synergize with ICR inhibitors. Cancer cells are ineffective antigen presenters, and poor APC infiltration as well as the M2-like polarization in the TME further dampens antigen uptake and processing, both of which render ineffective innate and adaptive immune detection. Cancer vaccines directly activate APC and expand the tumor-specific T-cell repertoire. In addition, cancer vaccines often contain an adjuvant, which further improves APC function, promotes epitope spreading, and augments host intrinsic antitumor immunity. Thus, the vaccine-induced immune priming generates a pool of effectors whose function can be enhanced by ICR inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the major HNSCC immune evasion strategies, the ongoing effort toward improving HNSCC vaccines, and the current challenges limiting the efficacy of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tan
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Sansanaphongpricha
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M E P Prince
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Sun
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G T Wolf
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y L Lei
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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202
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Zhan H, Ma JY, Jian QC. Prognostic significance of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in melanoma patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:136-140. [PMID: 29856976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been widely evaluated in many cancers. Here we assessed the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR in melanoma. METHODS A range of online databases was systematically searched up to March,2018 for identify available studies which assessed the prognostic significance of NLR. Data from studies reporting a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were weighted by generic inverse-variance and pooled in random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Twelve studies with 4593 individuals were included. Patients with elevated NLR had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.28-1.90, p < .001) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.24-2.80; P = .003). Subgroup analyses showed that the negative prognostic effect of elevated NLR on OS remained substantial in North American and Europen populations and patients with non-metastatic and metastatic stage. Additionally, elevated NLR was related to worse OS in patients with melanoma, regardless of the sample size and the cut-off value. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that elevated pretreatment NLR was associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients, suggesting NLR might be a prognostic factor in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Qi-Chao Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China.
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203
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Hu RJ, Liu Q, Ma JY, Zhou J, Liu G. Preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts breast cancer outcome: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:1-6. [PMID: 29775617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prognostic value of the preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with breast cancer (BC). METHODS Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from the online Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CNKI databases published until February 2018. The end points were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological parameters. Meta-analysis was performed using hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect measures. RESULTS Ten studies with 5667 individuals were included. The synthesized analysis demonstrated that that low LMR was significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.90, p = .009) and DFS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49-0.74, p < .001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the negative prognostic impact of low LMR on OS outcomes remained substantial in Asian populations, triple-negative patients, and patients with non-metastatic and mixed stage. However, low LMR was not significantly related to clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION The preoperative LMR might be a predictive factor of poor prognosis for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Hu
- Department of Breast surgery, Thyroid surgery, Pancreatic surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No.141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, Thyroid surgery, Pancreatic surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No.141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Department of Breast surgery, Thyroid surgery, Pancreatic surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No.141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Breast surgery, Thyroid surgery, Pancreatic surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No.141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, Thyroid surgery, Pancreatic surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, No.141, Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei, China.
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204
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Yokosawa EB, Arthur AE, Rentschler KM, Wolf GT, Rozek LS, Mondul AM. Vitamin D intake and survival and recurrence in head and neck cancer patients. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E371-E376. [PMID: 29756240 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS With an unacceptably low 5-year survival rate and few identified modifiable factors that affect head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes, HNC survival remains an important public health problem. Vitamin D has been shown to be associated with immune reactivity and improved outcomes for some cancer sites, but findings are mixed, and few studies have examined vitamin D in relation to HNC. This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D intake and survival outcomes in HNC patients. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS This study utilized data on 434 HNC patients with valid pretreatment food frequency questionnaire data who participated in the University of Michigan Head and Neck Specialized Program of Research Excellence epidemiology project. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between total, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D intake and HNC outcomes, while adjusting for other known prognostic factors. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, we found a statistically significant inverse trend between total vitamin D intake and recurrence (Q4 vs. Q1 hazard ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.20-1.10, P trend = .048). We observed no association with dietary or supplemental intake separately, and no association was observed with all-cause or HNC-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HNC patients with lower levels of vitamin D intake are at higher risk of recurrence. If borne out in future studies, our results suggest that increased vitamin D intake through dietary intervention or the use of supplements may be a feasible intervention for prevention of recurrence in HNC patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. Laryngoscope, E371-E376, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva B Yokosawa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Medical Oncology, Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Katie M Rentschler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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205
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Strobel SB, Safferling K, Lahrmann B, Hoffmann JH, Enk AH, Hadaschik EN, Grabe N, Lonsdorf AS. Altered density, composition and microanatomical distribution of infiltrating immune cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of organ transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:405-412. [PMID: 29479687 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory tumour microenvironment is crucial for effective tumour control, and long-term immunosuppression has been identified as a major risk factor for skin carcinogenesis. In solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs) undergoing long-term pharmacological immunosuppression, an increased incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and more aggressive tumour growth compared with immunocompetent patients has been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine the density and phenotype of immune cells infiltrating SCC and surrounding skin in OTRs, and to characterize the microanatomical distribution patterns in comparison with immunocompetent patients. METHODS We analysed immune cell infiltrates within SCC and at defined regions of interest (ROIs) of tumour-surrounding skin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of 20 renal transplant patients and 18 carefully matched immunocompetent patients by high-resolution semiautomated microscopy on complete tissue sections stained for CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68. RESULTS The overall immune cell density of SCC arising in OTRs was significantly reduced compared with immunocompetent patients. Particularly CD4+ infiltrates at the directly invasive margin and tumour vicinity, intratumoral CD8+ T-cell densities and the overall density of CD20+ tumour-infiltrating B cells were significantly reduced in the tissue of OTRs. CONCLUSIONS Immune cell infiltrates within SCC and at defined ROIs of tumour-surrounding skin in OTRs differ markedly in their composition and microanatomical distribution compared with tumours arising in immunocompetent patients. Our findings substantially broaden the understanding of how long-term systemic immunosuppression modulates the local inflammatory microenvironment in the skin and at the site of invasive SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Strobel
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Safferling
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Lahrmann
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E N Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - N Grabe
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A S Lonsdorf
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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206
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Platelet-lymphocyte ratio acts as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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207
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Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have recently gained FDA approval for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by outperforming standard of care chemotherapy and inducing durable responses in a subset of patients. These monoclonal antibodies unleash the patient's own immune system to target cancer cells. HNSCC is a good target for these agents as there is ample evidence of active immunosurveillance in the head and neck and a number of immune evasion mechanisms by which HNSCCs form progressive disease including via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. As HNSCCs typically possess a moderately high mutation burden, they should express numerous mutation-derived antigen targets for immune detection. However, with response rates less than 20% in clinical trials, there is a need for biomarkers to screen patients as well as clinical trials evaluating novel combinations to improve outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide historical and mechanistic context for the use of checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck cancer and provide a perspective on the role of novel checkpoints, biomarkers, and combination therapies that are evolving in the near term for patients with HNSCC.
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208
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Zhou C, Wu Y, Jiang L, Li Z, Diao P, Wang D, Zhang W, Liu L, Wang Y, Jiang H, Cheng J, Yang J. Density and location of CD3 + and CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:359-367. [PMID: 29469989 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are regarded as adaptive immune response of the host to cancer cells and valuable prognostic factors. Here, we sought to characterize the densities and locations of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and assess their clinicopathological and prognostic significance. METHODS A total number of 169 OSCC samples from 2 independent patient cohorts (Nanjing cohort, 93 cases; Wuxi cohort, 76 cases) were retrospectively collected. The numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs at tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM) of OSCC were identified by immunohistochemistry and calculated. The optimal cutoff values for CD3+ and CD8+ TILs to stratify patients were determined by X-tile software in Nanjing cohort and further utilized in Wuxi cohort. The associations between CD3+ /CD8+ TILs and clinicopathological parameters or patient survival were assessed. The prognostic values of CD3+ / CD8+ TILs were evaluated by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS CD3+ and CD8+ TILs were identified at both CT and IM and enriched at IM. High density of CD3+ TILs at IM (CD3 IM) was significantly associated with increased overall and disease-specific survival (P < .05). High density of CD8+ TILs at CT (CD8 CT) was significantly associated with increased overall but not disease-specific survival. Moreover, CD3 IM and CD8 CT were identified as independent prognostic factors for patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide further evidence to support the prognostic values of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs for OSCC, suggesting that TIL subsets might be viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets with translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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209
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Kindt N, Descamps G, Seminerio I, Bellier J, Lechien JR, Mat Q, Pottier C, Delvenne P, Journé F, Saussez S. High stromal Foxp3-positive T cell number combined to tumor stage improved prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2018; 67:183-191. [PMID: 28351575 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), one of the most frequent cancers in the world, are largely infiltrated by inflammatory immune cells. Our aim was to evaluate the number of Foxp3+ T cells in HNSCC, reporting its prognostic power in comparison to other risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our clinical series was composed of 21 tumor-free peri-tumoral epithelia, 49 low grade dysplasia, 43 high grade dysplasia and 110 carcinoma samples including some cases with HPV infection. In vivo experiments were conducted on 80 C3H/HeN mice which were orthotopically injected with SCCVII CT, E7, E6 and E6/E7 cell lines. RESULTS Foxp3+ T cell infiltration increased with tumor progression from normal epithelia, dysplasia to carcinoma and the increase is more important in HPV+ patients than in negative ones. Animal experiments revealed that E7 oncoprotein expression was significantly associated with an increase in Foxp3+ T cell recruitment in tumor, a delay in tumor onset and improved animal survival. Univariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that high Foxp3+ T cell number in stromal compartment is associated with longer patient recurrence-free and overall survivals. Foxp3+ T cell number improved the prognostic value of tumor stage. Multivariate analyses reported that stromal Foxp3+ T cell number is a strong prognostic factor independent of classical risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and HPV status. CONCLUSION Foxp3+ T cell number is a significant prognostic factor for HNSCC, improving the tumor stage, and that viral E7 may play a role in the Foxp3+ T cell infiltration to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Imelda Seminerio
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Justine Bellier
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme R Lechien
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Quentin Mat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Charles Pottier
- Department of Pathology, C.H.U. - SART TILMAN, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, C.H.U. - SART TILMAN, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journé
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels (ULB), CHU St-Pierre, Rue Haute, 322, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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210
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Matsutani S, Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Fukuoka T, Iseki Y, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Verification of the methodology for evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15180-15197. [PMID: 29632635 PMCID: PMC5880595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to reflect antitumor immune response and correlate with prognosis in malignancy. However, the methodology for evaluating the density of TILs by an immunohistochemical analysis differs among reports. The aim of this study was to verify the methodology for evaluating the density of TILs by immunohistochemical analysis and thereby identify the optimum methodology in clinical setting. Methods Three-hundred-thirteen patients who underwent curative operation for stage II/III colorectal cancer were enrolled. We retrospectively examined the density of TILs using immunohistochemical staining according to each method as follows: 1) subset of lymphocytes (i.e. CD4+/CD8+), 2) selected fields (i.e. at random or focusing on hot spots), 3) location in low-power field (i.e. the invasive margin [TILsIM] or the center of the tumor [TILsCT] or the surface of the tumor [TILsST]), and 4) location in high-power field (i.e. in tumor stroma [sTILs] or intra-tumor cells [iTILs] or total TILs [tTILs: sTILs+iTILs]). We then assessed the prognostic value of the density of TILsIM evaluated as described above. We also evaluated the correlation between the density of TILsIM and that of TILsCT/TILsST. Results Only the densities of CD8+sTILsIM and CD8+tTILsIM evaluated in randomly selected fields were significantly associated with the survival. Furthermore, the density of CD8+TILsIM was significantly associated with that of CD8+TILsCT and CD8+TILsST. Conclusions We concluded that best and easiest way to evaluate the density of TILs in the clinical setting may be to assess the density of CD8+tTILsIM in randomly selected fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Iseki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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211
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Soulières D, Licitra L, Mesía R, Remenár É, Li SH, Karpenko A, Chol M, Wang YA, Solovieff N, Bourdeau L, Sellami D, Faivre S. Molecular Alterations and Buparlisib Efficacy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Biomarker Analysis from BERIL-1. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2505-2516. [PMID: 29490986 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The preplanned exploratory analysis of the BERIL-1 trial presented here aimed to identify biomarkers of response to the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel.Patients and Methods: BERIL-1 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study. Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) progressing on/after one previous platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in the recurrent or metastatic setting were treated with either buparlisib plus paclitaxel or placebo plus paclitaxel. Archival tumor tissue and ctDNA samples were analyzed for molecular alterations and immune infiltration using next-generation sequencing or immunohistochemistry.Results: Biomarker analyses were performed in randomized patients (n = 158) with available biomarker data. The most frequently (>5%) mutated genes were TP53, FAT1, TET2, KMT2D, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, NFE2L2, NOTCH2, CCND1, and CDKN2A Patients with SCCHN tumors (from various primary sites) having HPV-negative status (HR = 0.51), TP53 alterations (HR = 0.55) or low mutational load (HR = 0.57) derived overall survival (OS) benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. OS benefit with this combination was also increased in patients with presence of intratumoral TILs ≥10% (HR = 0.51), stromal TILs ≥15% (HR = 0.53), intratumoral CD8-positive cells ≥5% (HR = 0.45), stromal CD8-positive cells ≥10% (HR = 0.47), or CD8-positive cells in invasive margins >25% (HR = 0.37). A trend for improved progression-free survival with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel was also observed in these patients.Conclusions: The BERIL-1 biomarker analyses showed that patients with TP53 alterations, HPV-negative status, low mutational load, or high infiltration of TILs or CD8-positive cells derived survival benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2505-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Soulières
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-L'Hospitalet, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Éva Remenár
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Andrey Karpenko
- Leningrad Regional Oncology Dispensary, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Ying A Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nadia Solovieff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dalila Sellami
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Sandrine Faivre
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France.
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212
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Mishra AK, Kadoishi T, Wang X, Driver E, Chen Z, Wang XJ, Wang JH. Squamous cell carcinomas escape immune surveillance via inducing chronic activation and exhaustion of CD8+ T Cells co-expressing PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibitory receptors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81341-81356. [PMID: 27835902 PMCID: PMC5340255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second commonest type of skin cancer. Moreover, about 90% of head and neck cancers are SCCs. SCCs develop at a significantly higher rate under chronic immunosuppressive conditions, implicating a role of immune surveillance in controlling SCCs. It remains largely unknown how SCCs evade immune recognition. Here, we established a mouse model by injecting tumor cells derived from primary SCCs harboring KrasG12D mutation and Smad4 deletion into wild-type (wt) or CD8−/− recipients. We found comparable tumor growth between wt and CD8−/− recipients, indicating a complete escape of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses by these SCCs. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cells apparently were not defective in infiltrating tumors given their relatively increased percentage among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ TILs exhibited phenotypes of chronic activation and exhaustion, including overexpression of activation markers, co-expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as well as TCRβ downregulation. Among CD4+ TILs, T regulatory cells (Tregs) were preferentially expanded. Contradictory to prior findings in melanoma, Treg expansion was independent of CD8+ T cells in our SCC model. Unexpectedly, CD8+ T cells were required for promoting NK cell infiltration within SCCs. Furthermore, we uncovered AKT-dependent lymphocyte-induced PD-L1 upregulation on SCCs, which was contributed greatly by combinatorial effects of CD8+ T and NK cells. Lastly, dual blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibited the tumor growth of SCCs. Thus, our findings identify novel immune evasion mechanisms of SCCs and suggest that immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in a cancer-type specific and context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet K Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tanya Kadoishi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Driver
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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213
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Groza D, Gehrig S, Kudela P, Holcmann M, Pirker C, Dinhof C, Schueffl HH, Sramko M, Hoebart J, Alioglu F, Grusch M, Ogris M, Lubitz W, Keppler BK, Pashkunova-Martic I, Kowol CR, Sibilia M, Berger W, Heffeter P. Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant to oxaliplatin chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomatosis. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1424676. [PMID: 29721389 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1424676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. At late stage of the disease CRC often shows (multiple) metastatic lesions in the peritoneal cavity which cannot be efficiently targeted by systemic chemotherapy. This is one major factor contributing to poor prognosis. Oxaliplatin is one of the most commonly used systemic treatment options for advanced CRC. However, drug resistance - often due to insufficient drug delivery - is still hampering successful treatment. The anticancer activity of oxaliplatin includes besides DNA damage also a strong immunogenic component. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bacterial ghosts (BGs) as adjuvant immunostimulant on oxaliplatin efficacy. BGs are empty envelopes of gram-negative bacteria with a distinct immune-stimulatory potential. Indeed, we were able to show that the combination of BGs with oxaliplatin treatment had strong synergistic anticancer activity against the CT26 allograft, resulting in prolonged survival and even a complete remission in this murine model of CRC carcinomatosis. This synergistic effect was based on an enhanced induction of immunogenic cell death and activation of an efficient T-cell response leading to long-term anti-tumor memory effects. Taken together, co-application of BGs strengthens the immunogenic component of the oxaliplatin anticancer response and thus represents a promising natural immune-adjuvant to chemotherapy in advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Groza
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Gehrig
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Dinhof
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma H Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Hoebart
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatih Alioglu
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Pashkunova-Martic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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214
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Steuer CE, Griffith CC, Nannapaneni S, Patel MR, Liu Y, Magliocca KR, El-Deiry MW, Cohen C, Owonikoko TK, Shin DM, Chen ZG, Saba NF. A Correlative Analysis of PD-L1, PD-1, PD-L2, EGFR, HER2, and HER3 Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:710-716. [PMID: 29440293 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored potential associations of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway with clinical characteristics, outcome, and expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using an institutional database. Protein expression was assessed by IHC on tissue microarray sections (EGFR, HER2, HER3) or whole tissue sections (PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2). Expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was quantified on tumor cells. Maximum density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes was measured on a scale of 0 to 4 within the tumor mass and peritumoral stroma. Associations between biomarkers and patient outcomes were tested using descriptive and inferential statistics, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. We analyzed tissue samples from 97 OPSCC cases: median age 59 years, p16+ (71%), male (83.5%), never smokers (18%), stage 3 to 4 disease (77%). Twenty-five percent of cases were PD-L1 positive. The proportion of PD-L1+ tumors was higher in p16+ (29%) than p16- OPSCC (11%, P = 0.047). There was no correlation between PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, EGFR, HER2, or HER3 expression. Positive PD-L1 status correlated with advanced nodal disease on multivariate analysis (OR 5.53; 95% CI, 1.06-28.77; P = 0.042). Negative PD-L2 expression was associated with worse survival (HR 3.99; 95% CI, 1.37-11.58; P = 0.011) in p16- OPSCC. Lower density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma was associated with significantly increased risk of death on multivariate analysis (HR 3.17; 95% CI, 1.03-9.78; P = 0.045) after controlling for prognostic factors such as stage and p16 status. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells correlates with p16 status and advanced nodal status in OPSCC. PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 710-6. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor E Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher C Griffith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mihir R Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark W El-Deiry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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215
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Hong AM, Vilain RE, Romanes S, Yang J, Smith E, Jones D, Scolyer RA, Lee CS, Zhang M, Rose B. PD-L1 expression in tonsillar cancer is associated with human papillomavirus positivity and improved survival: implications for anti-PD1 clinical trials. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77010-77020. [PMID: 27776338 PMCID: PMC5363566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 99 patients with tonsillar cancer and known human papillomavirus (HPV) status to assess its clinical significance. We showed that the pattern of PD-L1 expression is strongly related to HPV status. The PD-L1 positivity rate was 83.3% in HPV-positive cases and 56.9% in HPV-negative cases (p < 0.05). Patients with HPV-positive/PD-L1-positive cancer had significantly better event free survival and overall survival compared with patients with HPV-negative/PD-L1-negative cancer. Relative to those patients with HPV-negative/PD-L1-negative disease who had the highest risk of death, patients with HPV-positive/PD-L1-positive cancers had a 2.85 fold lower risk of developing an event (HR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.79) and a 4.5 fold lower risk of death (HR =0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.53). Our findings will help to guide future clinical trial design in immunotherapy based on PD-L1 expression in tonsillar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Hong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricardo E Vilain
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia.,Pathology North (Hunter), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Romanes
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Deanna Jones
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - C Soon Lee
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Zhang
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Rose
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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216
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Yang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Lv Y, Chen X, Zuo Y, Hao D. Clinical significance of the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer patients. Mol Omics 2018; 14:341-351. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune infiltrates of ovarian cancer were quite cohort and subtype dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yi Pan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yingli Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock
- College of Life Sciences
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot
- China
| | - Dapeng Hao
- Department of Pathology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin
- China
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217
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Proportion of CD4 and CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes predicts survival in persistent/recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 77:83-89. [PMID: 29362129 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been shown to be an important prognostic factor in patients with previously untreated head and neck cancer. After organ preservation therapy for laryngeal cancer and subsequent persistence/recurrence, the prognostic value of TILs is unknown. Our goal was to determine if TILs have value as a prognostic biomarker in patients with surgically salvageable persistent/recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Levels of TILs were quantified on tissue microarrays from 183 patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy for persistent/recurrent laryngeal cancer after radiation or chemoradiation between 1997 and 2014. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted. Immunohistology evaluation included CD4, CD8, PDL-1, p16, CD31, Vimentin, EGFR, and p53. Elevated levels of either CD8 or CD4 positive TILs were associated with improved disease specific survival (CD8: HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.88, CD4: HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21-0.89) and disease free survival (CD8: HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.94, CD4: HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.27-0.99). Levels of CD8 (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.47-1.17) or CD4 (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.40-1.08) TILs were not significantly associated with overall survival. In bivariate analysis, patients with elevated CD4 and/or CD8 TILs had significantly improved disease specific survival (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21-0.83) and disease free survival (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24-0.84) compared to patients with low levels of CD4 and CD8. PDL-1, p16, CD31, Vimentin, EGFR, and p53 were not significant prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, elevated CD8 TILs were associated with improved disease specific survival (HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.14-0.88, p = .02) and disease free survival (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.17-0.96, p = .04). CD8, and possibly CD4, positive TILs are associated with favorable disease free and disease specific survival for recurrent/persistent laryngeal cancer.
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218
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Prognostic value of CD45 transcriptional expression in head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:225-232. [PMID: 29177949 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a recognized antitumor activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CD45 is one of the most highly expressed proteins in lymphocytes. We carry out a study to assess the prognostic value of transcriptional expression of CD45 in HNSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the transcriptional expression of CD45 in 160 consecutive HNSCC patients and compared the TIL values according to the CD45 expression. RESULTS Five-year disease-free survival for patients with a high transcriptional expression of CD45 (n = 107) was 62.4% and for patients with a low expression (n = 53) it was 36.2% (P = 0.003). Patients with a high expression of CD45 had a better local recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival. The results of a multivariate analysis showed that patients with a low expression of CD45 had 2.0-fold high risk of recurrence (95% CI 1.2-3.2, P = 0.003). In oropharyngeal carcinomas, HPV-positive tumors showed a higher transcriptional CD45 expression than HPV-negative tumors. Tumors with high CD45 expression had immunohistochemical TIL scores significantly higher than those with low CD45 expression. CONCLUSION According to our results, CD45 expression is a potential marker for tumor outcome in HNSCC patients.
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219
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Poropatich K, Fontanarosa J, Swaminathan S, Dittmann D, Chen S, Samant S, Zhang B. Comprehensive T-cell immunophenotyping and next-generation sequencing of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Pathol 2017; 243:354-365. [PMID: 28771750 DOI: 10.1002/path.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The success of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibition in achieving a clinical response in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients emphasizes the need to better understand the immunobiology of HNSCC. Immunophenotyping was performed for 30 HCSCC patients [16 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive; 14 HPV-negative] on matched tissue from the primary tumour site, locally metastatic cervical lymph nodes (LNs), uninvolved local cervical LNs, and peripheral blood. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lymphocytes obtained from tissue were analysed for expression levels of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, TIM-3 and CTLA-4. Next-generation sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain was performed on patients (n = 9) to determine receptor repertoire diversity and for clonality analysis. HPV-negative HNSCC patients, particularly those with stage IV disease, had significantly higher proportions of CD8+ T cells expressing CTLA-4 in tumour tissue (P = 0.0013) and in peripheral blood (P = 0.0344) than HPV-positive patients, as well as higher expression levels of TIM-3+ PD-1+ CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0072) than controls. For all patients, PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells - particularly in HPV-negative HNSCC cases - strongly correlated (r = 0.63, P = 0.013) with tumour size at the primary site. The top CD8+ TCR clones from tumour tissue significantly overlapped with circulating peripheral blood TCR clones (r = 0.946), and HPV-positive patients had frequently expanded TCR clones that were more hydrophobic - and potentially more immunogenic - than those from HPV-negative patients. Collectively, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that high-stage HPV-negative HNSCC patients with primary tumours at different sites in the head and neck have elevated peripheral CTLA-4+ CD8+ T-cell levels, that tumour-familiar CD8+ T cells are detectable in peripheral blood from HNSCC patients, and that TCRs from HPV-positive HNSCC patients potentially recognize distinctly immunogenic cognate antigens. However, our findings are preliminary, and need to be further confirmed in a larger patient cohort; also, how these factors affect patient response to immunotherapy needs to be determined. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Fontanarosa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine - Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dave Dittmann
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandeep Samant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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220
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Koneva LA, Zhang Y, Virani S, Hall PB, McHugh JB, Chepeha DB, Wolf GT, Carey TE, Rozek LS, Sartor MA. HPV Integration in HNSCC Correlates with Survival Outcomes, Immune Response Signatures, and Candidate Drivers. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:90-102. [PMID: 28928286 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharynx cancer has steadily increased over the past two decades and now represents a majority of oropharyngeal cancer cases. Integration of the HPV genome into the host genome is a common event during carcinogenesis that has clinically relevant effects if the viral early genes are transcribed. Understanding the impact of HPV integration on clinical outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is critical for implementing deescalated treatment approaches for HPV+ HNSCC patients. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from HNSCC tumors (n = 84) were used to identify and characterize expressed integration events, which were overrepresented near known head and neck, lung, and urogenital cancer genes. Five genes were recurrent, including CD274 (PD-L1) A significant number of genes detected to have integration events were found to interact with Tp63, ETS, and/or FOX1A. Patients with no detected integration had better survival than integration-positive and HPV- patients. Furthermore, integration-negative tumors were characterized by strongly heightened signatures for immune cells, including CD4+, CD3+, regulatory, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells, compared with integration-positive tumors. Finally, genes with elevated expression in integration-negative specimens were strongly enriched with immune-related gene ontology terms, while upregulated genes in integration-positive tumors were enriched for keratinization, RNA metabolism, and translation.Implications: These findings demonstrate the clinical relevancy of expressed HPV integration, which is characterized by a change in immune response and/or aberrant expression of the integration-harboring cancer-related genes, and suggest strong natural selection for tumor cells with expressed integration events in key carcinogenic genes. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 90-102. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada A Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shama Virani
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pelle B Hall
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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de Ruiter EJ, Ooft ML, Devriese LA, Willems SM. The prognostic role of tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356148. [PMID: 29147608 PMCID: PMC5674970 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background - The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with an improved prognosis and a better response to therapy in different types of cancer. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the prognostic value of T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods - In a systematic review, Pubmed and Embase were searched for publications that investigated the prognostic value of T cells in HNSCC. A meta-analysis was performed including all studies assessing the association between CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ TILs and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), or locoregional control (LRC). Results - A pooled analysis indicated a favorable, prognostic role for CD3+ TILs (HR 0.64 (95%CI 0.47-0.85) for OS, HR 0.63 (95%CI 0.49-0.82) for DFS) and CD8+ TILs (HR 0.67 (95%CI 0.58-0.79) for OS, HR 0.50 (95%CI 0.37-0.68) for DFS, and HR 0.82 (95%CI 0.70-0.96) for LRC) in the clinical outcome of HNSCC. FoxP3+ TILs were also associated with better OS (HR 0.80 (95%CI 0.70-0.92)). Conclusion - This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed the favorable, prognostic role of CD3+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in HNSCC patients and found an association between FoxP3+ TILs and improved overall survival. Future studies using homogeneous patient cohorts with regard to tumor subsite, stage and treatment are necessary to provide more insight in the predictive value of TILs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J de Ruiter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lot A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sumner WA, Stokes WA, Oweida A, Berggren KL, McDermott JD, Raben D, Abbott D, Jones B, Gan G, Karam SD. Survival impact of pre-treatment neutrophils on oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy. J Transl Med 2017; 15:168. [PMID: 28764811 PMCID: PMC5539641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) represents an array of disease processes with a generally unfavorable prognosis. Inflammation plays an important role in tumor development and response to therapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of HNSCC patients to explore the relationship of the lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), local control (LC) and distant control (DC). Materials/methods All patients received definitive treatment for cancers of the oropharynx or larynx between 2006–2015. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were collected pre-, during-, and post-treatment. The correlations of patient, tumor, and biological factors to OS, CSS, LC and DC were assessed. Results 196 patients met our inclusion criteria; 171 patients were Stage III or IV. Median follow-up was 2.7 years. A higher neutrophil count at all treatment time points was predictive of poor OS with the pre-treatment neutrophil count and overall neutrophil nadir additionally predictive of DC. Higher pre-treatment and overall NLR correlated to worse OS and DC, respectively. Conclusion A higher pre-treatment neutrophil count correlates to poor OS, CSS and DC. Lymphocyte counts were not found to impact survival or tumor control. Higher pre-treatment NLR is prognostic of poor OS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1268-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Sumner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William A Stokes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ayman Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica D McDermott
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diana Abbott
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bernard Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gregory Gan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Téglási V, Reiniger L, Fábián K, Pipek O, Csala I, Bagó AG, Várallyai P, Vízkeleti L, Rojkó L, Tímár J, Döme B, Szállási Z, Swanton C, Moldvay J. Evaluating the significance of density, localization, and PD-1/PD-L1 immunopositivity of mononuclear cells in the clinical course of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:1058-1067. [PMID: 28201746 PMCID: PMC5570158 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of lung cancer patients who suffer from brain metastases represents a major challenge. Considering the promising results with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, evaluating the status of immune cell (IC) infiltrates in the prognosis of brain metastasis may lead to better therapeutic strategies with these agents. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of ICs and determine the expression of the checkpoint molecules programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, in brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and to analyze their clinicopathological correlations. METHODS We determined the presence of peritumoral mononuclear cells (mononuclear ring) and the density of intratumoral stromal mononuclear cells on brain metastasis tissue sections of 208 LUAD patients. PD-L1/PD-1 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mononuclear rings were significantly associated with better survival after brain metastasis surgery. Cases with massive stromal IC infiltration also showed a tendency for better overall survival. Lower expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was associated with better survival in patients who underwent surgery for the primary tumor and had multiple brain metastases. Steroid administration and chemotherapy appear not to influence the density of IC in brain metastasis. CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating the independent prognostic value of mononuclear rings in LUAD cases with brain metastasis. Our results also suggest that the density of tumor-associated ICs in addition to PD-L1 expression of tumor cells and ICs as well as PD-1 expression of ICs may hold relevant information for the appropriate selection of patients who might benefit from anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Téglási
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Katalin Fábián
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Orsolya Pipek
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Irén Csala
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Attila G Bagó
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Péter Várallyai
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Laura Vízkeleti
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lívia Rojkó
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - József Tímár
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Balázs Döme
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Judit Moldvay
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Radiology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary; Sixth Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Molecular Oncology Research Unit, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Li Y, Lu Z, Che Y, Wang J, Sun S, Huang J, Mao S, Lei Y, Chen Z, He J. Immune signature profiling identified predictive and prognostic factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356147. [PMID: 29147607 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding interactions between tumor and the host immune system holds great promise to uncover biomarkers for targeted therapies and clinical outcomes. However, systematical analysis of immune signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unstudied. In this study, immune signatures containing 708 immune related genes were curated from mRNA microarray data with tumor and paired normal tissues from 119 ESCC patients. Differential expression and survival analysis were performed with validations from Human Protein Atlas and an independent cohort of 110 ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry staining. We identified a total of 186 significantly dysregulated genes in ESCC, including downregulated genes SPINK5, IL1RN and upregulated genes SPP1 and PLAU, which were further confirmed in Human Protein Atlas data. Moreover, nine immune related genes (ABL1, ATF2, ATG5, C6, CD38, HMGB1, ICOSLG, IL12RB2 and PLAU) were significantly associated with patients' overall survival, among which, prognostic model was built including three independent factors ABL1, CD38 and ICOSLG. Validation by immunohistochemistry staining suggested that combination with tumor infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes would yield higher performance in distinguishing cases as high or low risk of unfavorable prognosis. In summary, we profiled the immune status in ESCC and established predictive and prognostic factors for ESCC, which could reflect immune disorders within tumor microenvironments and independently distinguish patients with a high risk of reduced survival, providing novel predictive and therapeutic targets for ESCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Poropatich K, Hernandez D, Fontanarosa J, Brown K, Woloschak G, Paintal A, Raparia K, Samant S. Peritumoral cuffing by T-cell tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes distinguishes HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017. [PMID: 28632936 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear why human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has improved clinical behavior compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. We sought to better characterize the immune microenvironment of tongue cancers by examining the CD3 and CD8 TIL pattern in HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. METHODS Histologic sections from 40 oral tongue and oropharyngeal cases were analyzed (n=21 HPV DNA-positive, n=19 HPV DNA-negative). CD3 and CD8 T-cell immunostaining were performed on whole-slide sections to quantify tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density and assess its morphology. RESULTS A subset of cases (HPV-positive) displayed a unique TIL pattern consisting of circumferential peritumoral population T cells, which was absent in the HPV-negative cases. The presence of peritumoral cuffing was strongly predictive of improved recurrence-free survival compared to cases that lacked this morphologic pattern of immune infiltrate. Four HPV-positive cases lacked the pattern, including two cases with disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show an architectural pattern of immune infiltrate in HNSCC is seen exclusively in HPV-positive patients with improved recurrence-free survival and suggests an organized host immunological response contributes to disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Fontanarosa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Koshonna Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ajit Paintal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandeep Samant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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226
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Barnes TA, Amir E. HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:451-460. [PMID: 28704840 PMCID: PMC5558691 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between immune and malignant cells have been known to have clinical relevance for decades. The potential for immune control is now being therapeutically enhanced with checkpoint inhibitors and other novel agents to improve outcomes in cancer. The importance of the immune infiltrate as a prognostic marker is increasingly relevant. In this minireview, we present an overview of the immune infiltrate and its spatial organisation, and summarise the prognostic value of immune cells in different cancer types. International collaborative efforts are standardising histopathologic reporting of the immune infiltrate, to allow application of these parameters in the clinical and research settings. In general terms, a 'pro-inflammatory' tumour microenvironment and infiltrating CD8-expressing T lymphocytes are associated with improved clinical outcomes in a broad range of tumour types. The inhibitory function of other immune cells, for example, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, appear to have a major role in disrupting the capacity for the immune control of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Barnes
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Eitan Amir
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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227
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Lechner A, Schlößer H, Rothschild SI, Thelen M, Reuter S, Zentis P, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Theurich S, Wennhold K, Garcia-Marquez M, Tharun L, Quaas A, Schauss A, Isensee J, Hucho T, Huebbers C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Beutner D. Characterization of tumor-associated T-lymphocyte subsets and immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44418-44433. [PMID: 28574843 PMCID: PMC5546490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) reflects biology and immunogenicity of cancer. Here, we characterize T-cell subsets and expression of immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed TIL subsets in primary tumors (n = 34), blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); n = 34) and non-cancerous mucosa (n = 7) of 34 treatment-naïve HNSCC patients and PBMC of 15 healthy controls. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a highly variable T-cell infiltration mainly of an effector memory phenotype (CD45RA-/CCR7-). Naïve T cells (CD45RA+/CCR7+) were decreased in the microenvironment compared to PBMC of patients, while regulatory T cells (CD4+/CD25+/CD127low and CD4+/CD39+) were elevated. Furthermore, we performed digital image analyses of entire cross sections of HNSCC to define the 'Immunoscore' (CD3+ and CD8+ cell infiltration in tumor core and invasive margin) and quantified MHC class I expression on tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. Immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) were increased in TILs compared to peripheral T cells in flow-cytometric analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors showed higher numbers of TILs, but a similar composition of T-cell subsets and checkpoint molecule expression compared to HPV negative tumors. Taken together, the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC is characterized by a strong infiltration of regulatory T cells and high checkpoint molecule expression on T-cell subsets. In view of increasingly used immunotherapies, a detailed knowledge of TILs and checkpoint molecule expression on TILs is of high translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Lechner
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Schlößer
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thelen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reuter
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Garcia-Marquez
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Huebbers
- Jean-Uhrmacher Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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228
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HNSCC subverts PBMCs to secrete soluble products that promote tumor cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60860-60874. [PMID: 28977830 PMCID: PMC5617390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system detects shifts from homeostasis and eliminates altered cells. However, neoplastic cells can modulate the host response to escape immunosurveillance thereby allowing tumor progression. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most immunosuppressive cancers but its role in co-opting the immune system to actively promote tumor growth has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the influence of soluble factors secreted by HNSCC and non-neoplastic epithelial cells on proliferation, apoptosis, activation, cytokine gene expression and phenotypic polarization of immune cells of healthy donors. Then, we determined if the immunomodulation caused by HNSCC-derived soluble products leads to immunosubversion by assessing proliferation, migration and survival of tumor cells exposed to soluble products secreted by modulated immune cells or co-cultured with immune cells. Soluble products from HNSCC inhibited proliferation and cytokine expression in PBMCs, activation of T cells, and polarization of CD4+ towards the Th17 phenotype. These changes co-opted the immune cells to favor cell proliferation, survival and migration of HNSCC. This immunosubversion was observed both indirectly with secreted products and with direct cell-to-cell contact. We conclude that HNSCC-derived secreted products create an immunosuppressive environment that facilitates evasion of tumor cells and subverts the immune cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype.
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229
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Maleki Vareki S, Garrigós C, Duran I. Biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:116-124. [PMID: 28693793 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer that has recently shown unprecedented survival benefits in selected patients. A number of immunomodulatory agents that target immune system checkpoints such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), the programmed death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), have received regulatory approval for the treatment of multiple cancers including malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors have little or no benefit while these treatments are costly and might have associated toxicities. Hence, the establishment of valid predictors of treatment response has become a priority. This review summarizes the current evidence around biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition, considering features related to the tumor and to the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Maleki Vareki
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Carmen Garrigós
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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230
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Ooft ML, van Ipenburg JA, Braunius WW, Zuur CI, Koljenović S, Willems SM. Prognostic role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in EBV positive and EBV negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:16-25. [PMID: 28688685 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlate with both better and worse prognosis in solid tumors. As therapeutic modalities for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are limited, immunotherapy could be a potential alternative. Up till now there is limited prognostic data on the role of TILs in NPC, so we assessed the prognostic role of TILs in Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) positive and negative NPC. METHODS Tissue of 92 NPCs was assessed for CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1 and PDL1 expression in the tumor's micro-environment. Correlations between clinicopathological characteristics was assessed using the Pearson X2 test, Fisher's exact test and ANOVA. Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Differences in CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1, PDL1 counts/(co)expression between EBV positive and negative NPCs were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two-tailed P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS EBV positive NPC contains significantly more CD3, CD4 and CD8 TILs than EBV negative NPC. In the whole NPC group, increased CD8 count is associated with better overall survival (OS) (HR 0.219 (95%CI 0.075-0.640)), but also in cases with PDL1 co-expression (HR 0.073 (95%CI 0.010-0.556)). In EBV positive NPC co-expression of CD8 and PDL1 showed better disease free survival (HR 0.407 (95%CI 0.195-0.850)) and OS (HR 0.170 (95%CI 0.037-0.787)). CONCLUSIONS Although TILs are significantly different between EBV positive and negative NPCs, it is especially composition of the infiltrate which determines prognosis. Effects of PD1 and CD8 need more study, because these findings show much potential in using immunotherapeutic modalities in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolique A van Ipenburg
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I Zuur
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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231
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Fang J, Li X, Ma D, Liu X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lui VWY, Xia J, Cheng B, Wang Z. Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:375. [PMID: 28549420 PMCID: PMC5446725 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic factors aid in the stratification and treatment of cancer. This study evaluated prognostic importance of tumor infiltrating immune cell in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Profiles of infiltrating immune cells and clinicopathological data were available for 78 OSCC patients with a median follow-up of 48 months. The infiltrating intensity of CD8, CD4, T-bet, CD68 and CD57 positive cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test was used to compare immune markers expression and clinicopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard models were used to assess the prognostic discriminator power of immune cells. The predictive potential of immune cells for survival of OSCC patients was determined using ROC and AUC. Results The mean value of CD8, CD4, T-bet, CD68 and CD57 expression were 28.99, 62.06, 8.97, 21.25 and 15.75 cells per high-power field respectively. The patient cohort was separated into low and high expression groups by the mean value. Higher CD8 expression was associated with no regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.033). Patients with more abundant stroma CD57+ cells showed no metastasis into regional lymph node (p = 0.005), and early clinical stage (p = 0.016). The univariate COX regression analyses showed that no lymph node involvement (p < 0.001), early clinical stage (TNM staging I/II vs III/IV, p = 0.007), higher CD8 and CD57 expression (p < 0.001) were all positively correlated with longer overall survival. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that no lymph node involvement (p = 0.008), higher CD8 (p = 0.03) and CD57 (p < 0.001) expression could be independent prognostic indicators of better survival. None of CD4, T-bet or CD68 was associated with survival in ether univariate or multivariate analysis. ROC and AUC showed that the predictive accuracy of CD8 and CD57 were all superior compared with TNM staging. CD57 (AUC = 0.868; 95% CI, 0.785–0.950) and CD8 (AUC = 0.784; 95% CI, 0.680–0.889) both provided high predictive accuracy, of which, CD57 was the best predictor. Conclusion Tumor stroma CD57 and CD8 expression was associated with lymphnode status and independently predicts survival of OSCC patients. Our results suggest an active immune microenvironment in OSCC that may be targetable by immune drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Da Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xiangqi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 56, Lingyuanwest Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
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De Meulenaere A, Vermassen T, Aspeslagh S, Zwaenepoel K, Deron P, Duprez F, Rottey S, Ferdinande L. Prognostic markers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: focus on CD70 and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Pathology 2017; 49:397-404. [PMID: 28427753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the expression of CD70 as biomarker for prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We also examined the prognostic value of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in our study cohort. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue originating from the oropharynx of 78 patients was immunohistochemically stained for CD70, CD3, CD8 and FoxP3. Expression of CD70, CD3, CD8, FoxP3 and HPV status was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. Overall survival (OS) was determined by a log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test whereas the Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. CD70 expression demonstrated no influence on OS. Tumours heavily infiltrated by TILs were linked with better outcome, for the total number of TILs as well as for the CD3+ and CD8+ T cell count. A Cox proportional hazard model proved that solely CD8+ infiltrating T cells exhibit a positive effect on OS (HR=0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.72). Our results demonstrate that CD8+ TILs constitute an independent prognosticator in patients diagnosed with OSCC. Further validation of the prognostic value of CD8+ TILs in OSCC is warranted and could provide us with a better insight into the immunological status of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tijl Vermassen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Philippe Deron
- Department of Head, Neck and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fréderic Duprez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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233
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Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with improved survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44823. [PMID: 28322245 PMCID: PMC5359661 DOI: 10.1038/srep44823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We undertook a study of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a large and relatively homogeneous group of patients with completely resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of 235 ESCC tumours were evaluated for density of TILs in intratumoural (iTIL) and stromal compartments (sTIL). Foxp3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in tumoural and stromal areas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Of the 235 tumours, high sTIL (>10%), and iTIL (>10%) were observed in 101 (43.0%) and 98 (41.7%), respectively. The median follow-up period was 36.0 months (95% CI 29.929–42.071). Univariate analysis revealed that sTIL (>10%), iTIL (>20%), vessels involvement, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage were significantly associated with postoperative outcome. In multivariate analysis, high sTIL (HR: 0.664, P = 0.019 for Disease free survival; HR: 0.608, P = 0.005 for Overall survival) was identified as independent better prognostic factor. Further analysis, sTIL was identified as independently prognostic factor in Stage III-IVa disease, which was not found in Stage I-II disease. Our study demonstrated that sTIL was associated with better ESCC patients’ survival, especially in Stage III-IVa disease. Assessment of sTIL could be useful to discriminate biological behavior for ESCC patients.
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234
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Bethmann D, Feng Z, Fox BA. Immunoprofiling as a predictor of patient's response to cancer therapy-promises and challenges. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 45:60-72. [PMID: 28222333 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration is common to many tumors and has been recognized by pathologists for more than 100 years. The application of digital imaging and objective assessment software allowed a concise determination of the type and quantity of immune cells and their location relative to the tumor and, in the case of colon cancer, characterized overall survival better than AJCC TNM staging. Subsequently, expression of PD-L1, by 50% or more tumor cells, identified NSCLC patients with double the response rate to anti-PD-1. Soon, automated staining methods will improve reproducibility of multiplex staining and allow for CLIA standards so that multiplex staining can be used to make clinical decisions. Ultimately, machine-learning algorithms will help interpret data from tissue images and lead to improved delivery of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bethmann
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pathology, Halle, Germany; Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zipei Feng
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, United States; School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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235
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Merlotti A, Mazzola R, Alterio D, Alongi F, Bacigalupo A, Bonomo P, Maddalo M, Russi EG, Orlandi E. What is the role of postoperative re-irradiation in recurrent and second primary squamous cell cancer of head and neck? A literature review according to PICO criteria. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 111:20-30. [PMID: 28259292 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-irradiation has been increasingly offered as a potential effective treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) loco-regional recurrence as well as second primary tumor in previously irradiated area. This review focused on the role of postoperative re-irradiation (POreRT) in terms of feasibility, toxicity and long-term outcomes in HNSCC patients. The key issue for the research was formulated in two questions according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria. A total of 16 publications met the inclusion criteria for a total of 919 patients; in 522 patients POreRT was performed. POreRT in recurrent and second primary HNSCC seems to be feasible in highly selected patients with the intent to guarantee an acceptable LC compared to surgery alone. The optimal RT schedule remains unclear due to the heterogeneity of literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merlotti
- Radiation Oncology, A.S.O. S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Rosario Mazzola
- Radiation Oncology, Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Cancer Care Center, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Alterio
- Radiation Oncology, Advanced Radiotherapy Center, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Alongi
- Radiation Oncology, Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Cancer Care Center, Negrar-Verona, Italy.
| | - Almalina Bacigalupo
- Radiation Oncology, AOU IRCCS San Martino - IST National Cancer Research Institute and University, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Maddalo
- Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ester Orlandi
- Radiotherapy 2 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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236
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Zhu Y, Si W, Sun Q, Qin B, Zhao W, Yang J. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio acts as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:1023-1030. [PMID: 27906679 PMCID: PMC5352031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a hematological parameter which is investigated as a biomarker for prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Due to the controversial results from previous studies, we performed a meta-analysis. Databases of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies. STATA version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. Seven studies with 3,741 patients were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. High PLR was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.07-2.25, p = 0.022) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.3-2.3, p < 0.001) in breast cancer patients. Subgroup analyses disclosed that elevated PLR could predict worse OS in Asian populations and poor DFS in both Asian and non-Asian patients. In addition, PLR remains a significant prognostic marker for OS in patients receiving systemic treatment (HR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.06-2.99, p = 0.03) and patients receiving chemotherapy (HR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.09-7.26, p = 0.032). High PLR also indicates poor DFS in patients who receive chemotherapy (HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.47-4.61, p = 0.001), surgery (HR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.12-2.89, p = 0.016) and systemic treatment (HR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.03-4.01, p = 0.042). Moreover, PLR was also in association with HER-2 positivity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.2-1.83, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis revealed that PLR could serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qiong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Boyu Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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237
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CD68/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker. J Transl Med 2017; 97:4-13. [PMID: 27869795 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD68 is a heavily glycosylated glycoprotein that is highly expressed in macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes. Traditionally, CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. CD68 alone or in combination with other cell markers of tumor-associated macrophages showed a good predictive value as a prognostic marker of survival in cancer patients. Lowression of CD68 was found in the lymphoid cells, non-hematopoietic cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, etc), and tumor cells. Cell-specific CD68 expression and differentiated expression levels are determined by the complex interplay between transcription factors, regulatory transcriptional elements, and epigenetic factors. Human CD68 and its mouse ortholog macrosialin belong to the family of LAMP proteins located in the lysosomal membrane and share many structural similarities such as the presence of the LAMP-like domain. Except for a second LAMP-like domain present in LAMPs, CD68/microsialin has a highly glycosylated mucin-like domain involved in ligand binding. CD68 has been shown to bind oxLDL, phosphatidylserine, apoptotic cells and serve as a receptor for malaria sporozoite in liver infection. CD68 is mainly located in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment but can rapidly shuttle to the cell surface. However, the role of CD68 as a scavenger receptor remains to be confirmed. It seems that CD68 is not involved in binding bacterial/viral pathogens, innate, inflammatory or humoral immune responses, although it may potentially be involved in antigen processing/presentation. CD68 could be functionally important in osteoclasts since its deletion leads to reduced bone resorption capacity. The role of CD68 in atherosclerosis is contradictory.
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238
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Kwak Y, Koh J, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim WH, Lee HS. Immunoscore encompassing CD3+ and CD8+ T cell densities in distant metastasis is a robust prognostic marker for advanced colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:81778-81790. [PMID: 27835889 PMCID: PMC5348429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunoscore (IS), an index based on the density of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM), has gained considerable attention as a prognostic marker. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have also been reported to have prognostic value. However, its clinical significance has not been fully clarified in patients with advanced CRC who present with distant metastases. METHODS The density of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD68+, and CD163+ immune cells within CRC tissue procured from three sites-the primary CT, IM, and distant metastasis (DM)-was determined using immunohistochemistry and digital image analyzer (n=196). The IS was obtained by quantifying the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in the CT and IM. IS-metastatic and IS-macrophage-additional IS models designed in this study-were obtained by adding the score of CD3 and CD8 in DM and the score of CD163 in primary tumors (CT and IM), respectively, to the IS. RESULTS Higher IS, IS-metastatic, and IS-macrophage values were significantly correlated with better prognosis (p=0.020, p≤0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that only IS-metastatic was an independent prognostic marker (p=0.012). No significant correlation was observed between KRAS mutation and three IS models. However, in the subgroup analysis, IS-metastatic showed a prognostic association regardless of the KRAS mutational status. CONCLUSIONS IS is a reproducible method for predicting the survival of patients with advanced CRC. Additionally, an IS including the CD3+ and CD8+ TIL densities at DM could be a strong prognostic marker for advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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239
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Xu Q, Wang C, Yuan X, Feng Z, Han Z. Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2016; 10:10-16. [PMID: 27888708 PMCID: PMC5123038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains controversial. Additionally, there is no standardized approach or cutoff value for evaluating TIL levels. The aim of this study was to establish a feasible method and criterion to assess TIL levels for future clinical practice and research use and to explore the relationship between TIL levels and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records and pathological sections of 202 patients with HNSCC who were surgically treated at Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1998 to January 2011. The predictor variable was the TIL level. The main outcome assessment parameters were disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULT: The T stage (P = .008), smoking history (P = .042), alcohol history (P = .048), need for radiotherapy (P = .012) and microscopic extracapsular spread (ECS) (P = .012) were associated with the TIL level. A cutoff value equal to 70% could be taken as a threshold for TIL assessment, with a TIL level higher than 70% associated with a better prognosis (DFS rate: 51.9%, P = .018; DSS rate: 59.3%, P = .049). The Cox regression model showed that the TIL level was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio (HR): 0.786, 95% CI: 0.618-0.999, P = .049). CONCLUSION: The TIL level is closely related to the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. A threshold value of 70% is appropriate for TIL assessment, as patients with a TIL level higher than 70% show a better prognosis. Thus, the TIL level might serve as an independent predictor for HNSCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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240
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Wang J, Wang S, Song X, Zeng W, Wang S, Chen F, Ding H. The prognostic value of systemic and local inflammation in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7177-7185. [PMID: 27920556 PMCID: PMC5123657 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-related systemic inflammation has been demonstrated to be associated with poor outcome in multiple types of cancers. Meanwhile, the local inflammation, which is characterized by dense intratumoral immune infiltrate, is a favorable predictor of survival outcome. Purpose To evaluate the role of systemic and local inflammation in predicting outcome in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients and methods In this retrospective study, 120 patients who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy were enrolled. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as calculated from pretreatment whole blood counts, were used to indicate systemic inflammation. The optimal cutoff values of NLR and PLR were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density, as assessed by pathologist review of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, was used to represent local inflammation. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results The best cutoff was 2.79 for NLR and 112 for PLR. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that high NLR, high PLR, and low TILs density were significantly correlated with inferior OS and RFS, respectively (all P<0.05). The Cox proportional multivariate hazard model showed that a high pretreatment PLR and a low TILs density were both independently correlated with poor OS and RFS, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion Markers of systemic and local inflammation, especially PLR and TILs density, are reliable prognostic factors in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Shengzi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xinmao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Wenjiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University
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241
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Kindt N, Descamps G, Seminerio I, Bellier J, Lechien JR, Pottier C, Larsimont D, Journé F, Delvenne P, Saussez S. Langerhans cell number is a strong and independent prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2016; 62:1-10. [PMID: 27865360 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) exhibit great biological heterogeneity and relatively poor prognosis. Tobacco and alcohol consumption is involved in the cause of the majority of these cancers, but over the last several years, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection has increased specifically in oropharyngeal cancers and become an additional risk factor. Here, we evaluated the number of Langerhans cells (LCs) in HNSCC and reporting its prognostic power in comparison to other risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our clinical series was composed of 25 tumor-free peritumoral epithelium, 64 low-grade dysplasia, 54 high-grade dysplasia and 125 carcinoma samples. HPV was detected by E6/E7 qPCR and p16 immunohistochemistry. CD1a-positive LCs were counted in intra-tumoral and stromal compartments as well as lymph nodes. MIP-3α was assessed in carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Univariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that high LC number is associated with longer recurrence-free survival in both intra-tumoral and stromal compartments and longer overall survival in stromal compartment. Tobacco and alcohol habits, but not HPV status, are also correlated with poor prognoses in terms of recurrence. Multivariate analyses reported stromal LC number as a strong prognostic factor independent of tobacco, alcohol and HPV status. Moreover, LC number is higher in tumors and invaded lymph nodes than dysplastic lesions but it decreases in HPV-positive cancer patients. Further, LC number correlates with MIP-3α expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LC number is a significant and independent prognostic factor for HNSCC. LC infiltration is increased in cancer lesions but decrease with HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Imelda Seminerio
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Justine Bellier
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme R Lechien
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Charles Pottier
- Department of Pathology, C.H.U. - SART TILMAN, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Anatomopathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journé
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, C.H.U. - SART TILMAN, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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242
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Bryan RB, Gough MJ, Seung SK, Jutric Z, Weinberg AD, Fox BA, Crittenden MR, Leidner RS, Curti B. Cytoreductive surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the new age of immunotherapy. Oral Oncol 2016; 61:166-76. [PMID: 27614589 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoreductive surgery is an approach to cancer treatment that aims to reduce the number of cancer cells via resection of primary tumor or metastatic deposits, in an effort to minimize a potentially immunosuppressive tumor burden, palliate symptoms, and prevent complications. Furthermore, it provides a platform for investigation of biomarkers with the goal of optimizing immunotherapy to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance adaptive immune responses. Ultimately, our group aims to exploit the concept that successful cancer therapy is dependent upon an effective immune response. Surgery will remain an integral part of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment in the future, even as checkpoint inhibitors, co-stimulatory molecules, vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy and other novel agents enter clinical routine. Cytoreductive resection may provide an effective platform for immunotherapy and biomarker directed interventions to improve outcomes for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bryan Bryan
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 6N50, Portland, OR 97213, United States; Head and Neck Institute, 1849 NW Kearney, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97209, United States.
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Steven K Seung
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 6N50, Portland, OR 97213, United States; The Oregon Clinic, Department of Radiation Oncology, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Zeljka Jutric
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Andrew D Weinberg
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 6N50, Portland, OR 97213, United States; The Oregon Clinic, Department of Radiation Oncology, 4805 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Rom S Leidner
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States; Providence Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Program and Clinic, Providence Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 6N50, Portland, OR 97213, United States
| | - Brendan Curti
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. Suite 2N35, Portland, OR 97213, United States
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243
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Lei Y, Xie Y, Tan YS, Prince ME, Moyer JS, Nör J, Wolf GT. Telltale tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in oral, head & neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2016; 61:159-65. [PMID: 27553942 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence gleaned from recent studies on the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) suggests that cancer is not only a genetic disease but also an immunologic disease. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has been a significant model to study cancer cell-immune cell interactions. First, immune cell infiltration is an important feature of these tumors. Second, HNSCC frequently develops resistance to immunogenic cytotoxicity, which provides a window to decipher how tumors engage the immune system to establish immune tolerance. Finally, chemoradiation therapy, as a central modality for HNSCC treatment, has been shown to elicit immune activation. The presence of effector immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is often associated with superior clinical response to adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, an activated immune system, in addition to limiting tumor initiation and progression, could also exert selective pressure to promote the growth of less immunogenic tumors, as a pivotal immunoediting process. But it remains unclear how cancer cell signaling regulates tumor immunogenicity and how to mitigate HNSCC-potentiated TIL suppression. In this review, we will revisit the prognostic role of TILs in HNSCC, and collectively discuss how cancer cell machinery impacts upon the plasticity of TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Translational Oncology Program, U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Yee Sun Tan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Translational Oncology Program, U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jacques Nör
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Translational Oncology Program, U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Translational Oncology Program, U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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244
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Immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2016; 9:66-69. [PMID: 27429658 PMCID: PMC4923082 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-016-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years immuno-oncology has evolved and become a novel promising strategy for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, which target the interaction between programmed death receptor 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PDL-1) and PDL-2, have been recently approved for the treatment of various malignancies and are currently being investigated in clinical phase III trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data available from these trials indicate substantial activity accompanied by a favorable safety and toxicity profile in this patient population. This review article focuses on the molecular background, gives an overview of current clinical data of checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC, and points out future challenges such as the need for appropriate biomarkers for these novel compounds.
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