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Acute, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of essential oils assessed with alternative in vitro and in vivo systems. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:673-691. [PMID: 33159585 PMCID: PMC7870616 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have attracted increased interest for different applications such as food preservatives, feed additives and ingredients in cosmetics. Due to their reported variable composition of components, they might be acutely toxic to humans and animals in small amounts. Despite the necessity, rigorous toxicity testing in terms of safety evaluation has not been reported so far, especially using alternatives to animal models. Here, we provide a strategy by use of alternative in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans, hen’s egg test) approaches for detailed investigation of the impact of commonly used rosemary, citrus and eucalyptus essential oil on acute, developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as on mucous membrane irritation. In general, all EOs under study exhibited a comparable impact on measured parameters, with a slightly increased toxic potential of rosemary oil. In vitro cell culture results indicated a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability for all EOs, with mean IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.17% [v/v]. Similar results were obtained for the C. elegans model when using a sensitized bus-5 mutant strain, with a mean LC50 value of 0.42% [v/v]. In wild-type nematodes, approximately tenfold higher LC50 values were detected. C. elegans development and reproduction was already significantly inhibited at concentrations of 0.5% (wild-type) and 0.1% (bus-5) [v/v] of EO, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of xenobiotic and oxidative stress genes such as cyp-14a3, gst-4, gpx-6 and sod-3. Furthermore, all three EOs under study showed an increased short-time mucous membrane irritation potential, already at 0.5% [v/v] of EO. Finally, GC–MS analysis was performed to quantitate the relative concentration of the most prominent EO compounds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EOs can exhibit severe toxic properties, already at low concentrations. Therefore, a detailed toxicological assessment is highly recommended for each EO and single intended application.
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202
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Yue Y, Li S, Qian Z, Pereira RF, Lee J, Doherty JJ, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Clark JM, Timme-Laragy AR, Park Y. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) impaired reproduction and altered offspring physiological functions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111695. [PMID: 32835727 PMCID: PMC7554236 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a shorter chain Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) cognate of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), has been used as replacement for the toxic surfactant PFOS. However, emerging evidences suggest safety concerns for PFBS and its effect on reproductive health is still understudied. Therefore, the current work aimed to investigate the effect of PFBS, in comparison to PFOS, on reproductive health using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo animal model. PFOS (≥10 μM) and PFBS (≥1000 μM) significantly impaired the reproduction capacity of C. elegans, represented as reduced brood size (total egg number) and progeny number (hatched offspring number), without affecting the hatchability. Additionally, the preconception exposure of PFOS and PFBS significantly altered the embryonic nutrient loading and composition, which further led to abnormalities in growth rate, body size and locomotive activity in F1 offspring. Though the effective exposure concentration of PFBS was approximately 100 times higher than PFOS, the internal concentration of PFBS was lower than that of PFOS to produce the similar effects of PFOS. In conclusion, PFOS and PFBS significantly impaired the reproductive capacities in C. elegans and the preconception exposure of these two compounds can lead to offspring physiological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Sida Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Zhuojia Qian
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | | | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Jeffery J Doherty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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203
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Wei CC, Yen PL, Chaikritsadakarn A, Huang CW, Chang CH, Liao VHC. Parental CuO nanoparticles exposure results in transgenerational toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans associated with possible epigenetic regulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111001. [PMID: 32888585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental nanomaterials contamination is a great concern for organisms including human. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely used in a huge range of applications which might pose potential risk to organisms. This study investigated the in vivo transgenerational toxicity on development and reproduction with parental CuO NPs exposure in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that CuO NPs (150 mg/L) significantly reduced the body length of parental C. elegans (P0). Only about 1 mg/L Cu2+ (~0.73%) were detected from 150 mg/L CuO NPs in 0.5X K-medium after 48 h. In transgenerational assays, CuO NPs (150 mg/L) parental exposure significantly induced developmental and reproductive toxicity in non-exposed C. elegans progeny (CuO NPs free) on body length (F1) and brood size (F1 and F2), respectively. In contrast, parental exposure to Cu2+ (1 mg/L) did not cause transgenerational toxicity on growth and reproduction. This suggests that the transgenerational toxicity was mostly attributed to the particulate form of CuO NPs. Moreover, qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of met-2 and spr-5 genes were significantly decreased at P0 and F1 upon only maternal exposure to CuO NPs (150 mg/L), suggesting the observed transgenerational toxicity was associated with possible epigenetic regulation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Amornrat Chaikritsadakarn
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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204
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Coccoloba alnifolia Leaf Extract as a Potential Antioxidant Molecule Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3928706. [PMID: 33101587 PMCID: PMC7569468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3928706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Coccoloba is widely used in traditional folk medicine, but few scientific data exist for this genus. The goal of this study was to characterise the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of C. alnifolia leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo assays. Six extracts were obtained: hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME), water end extract (WEE), and water extract (WE). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids. In vitro assays demonstrated substantial antioxidant potential, especially for polar extracts (EE, ME, WEE, and WE). Moreover, no toxic effects were observed on mammalian cell lines for most of the extracts at the concentrations evaluated. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was also used as an in vivo model for testing antioxidant potential. The EE and WE were chosen, based on previously obtained results. It was observed that neither the EE nor the WE had any toxic effect on C. elegans development. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as a stressor agent. The EE increased the life span of C. elegans by 28% compared to that of the control, and the WE increased the range to 39.2-41.3%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) showed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin in the WE. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the antioxidant potential of C. alnifolia extracts and their possible biotechnological applications.
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205
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Shah SI, Williams AC, Lau WM, Khutoryanskiy VV. Planarian toxicity fluorescent assay: A rapid and cheap pre-screening tool for potential skin irritants. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:105004. [PMID: 33010358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a new planarian (Dugesia lugubris) fluorescent assay as a rapid and cheap pre-screening tool to predict strong skin irritants. Our aim was to provide a simple and cost-effective in vivo method that avoided use of higher vertebrates. Adapting previously reported methods for planaria mobility alongside an acute toxicity assay, different irritants at five concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% and 0.005% w/v) were tested but both methods failed to discriminate the irritation potential of the test compounds. Therefore, a new alternative fluorescence assay was developed, hypothesising that increasing damage from the irritant to the planarian outer protective membrane will increase accumulation of sodium fluorescein in the flatworm. Fourteen test chemicals were selected representing strong, moderate, mild and non-irritants. In general, results showed increasing sodium fluorescein accumulation within planaria following acute exposure to increasingly strong skin irritants; on exposure to the strong irritants, benzalkonium chloride, citronellal, methyl palmitate, 1-bromohexane and carvacrol, fluorescence within the planaria was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the negative controls and the common non-irritants PEG-400, dipropylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol; fluorescence values of planaria tested with negative controls and non-irritants were not significantly different. For all test compounds, Fluorescence Intensity of the planaria was compared with literature Primary Irritation Index data and generated a statistically significant (P < 0.005) Pearson correlation (r) of 0.87. Thus, the planarian fluorescent assay is a promising tool for rapid early testing of potential strong skin irritants, and non-irritants, and avoids use of higher vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ibrahim Shah
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
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206
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Hunt PR, Camacho JA, Sprando RL. Caenorhabditis elegans for predictive toxicology. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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207
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Cong Y, Yang H, Zhang P, Xie Y, Cao X, Zhang L. Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in Acidic Stress Environments. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1107. [PMID: 33013473 PMCID: PMC7511720 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and acid rain, caused by modern industries' fossil fuel burning, lead to a decrease in the living environmental pH, which results in a series of negative effects on many organisms. However, the underlying mechanisms of animals' response to acidic pH stress are largely unknown. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model to explore the regulatory mechanisms of organisms' response to pH decline. Two major stress-responsive pathways were found through transcriptome analysis in acidic stress environments. First, when the pH dropped from 6.33 to 4.33, the worms responded to the pH stress by upregulation of the col, nas, and dpy genes, which are required for cuticle synthesis and structure integrity. Second, when the pH continued to decrease from 4.33, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway genes (cyp, gst, ugt, and ABC transporters) played a major role in protecting the nematodes from the toxic substances probably produced by the more acidic environment. At the same time, the slowing down of cuticle synthesis might be due to its insufficient protective ability. Moreover, the systematic regulation pattern we found in nematodes might also be applied to other invertebrate and vertebrate animals to survive in the changing pH environments. Thus, our data might lay the foundation to identify the master gene(s) responding and adapting to acidic pH stress in further studies, and might also provide new solutions to improve assessment and monitoring of ecological restoration outcomes, or generate novel genotypes via genome editing for restoring in challenging environments especially in the context of acidic stress through global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengchi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yusu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liusuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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208
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Uram Ł, Markowicz J, Misiorek M, Filipowicz-Rachwał A, Wołowiec S, Wałajtys-Rode E. Celecoxib substituted biotinylated poly(amidoamine) G3 dendrimer as potential treatment for temozolomide resistant glioma therapy and anti-nematode agent. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105439. [PMID: 32615261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a one of the most widely diagnosed and difficult to treat type of central nervous system tumors. Resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy prolongs patients' survival only for 12 - 15 months after diagnosis. Moreover, many patients develop TMZ resistance, thus important is search for a new therapy regimes including targeted drug delivery. Most types of GBM reveal increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), that are considered as valuable therapeutic target. In these studies, the anti-tumor properties of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (CXB) and biotinylated third generation of the poly(amidoamine) dendrimer substituted with 31 CXB residues (G3BC31) on TMZ -resistant U-118 MG glioma cell line were examined and compared with the effect of TMZ alone including viability, proliferation, migration and apoptosis, as well as the cellular expression of COX-2, ATP level, and PGE2 production. Confocal microscopy analysis with the fluorescently labeled G3BC31 analogue has shown that the compound was effectively accumulated in U-118 MG cells in time-dependent manner and its localization was confirmed in lysosomes but not nuclei. G3BC31 reveal much higher cytotoxicity for U-118 MG cells at relatively low concentrations in the range of 2-4 µM with compared to CBX alone, active at 50-100 µM. This was due to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and migration. Observed effects were concomitant with reduction of PGE2 production but independent of COX-2 expression. We suggest that investigated conjugate may be a promising candidate for therapy of TMZ-resistant glioblastoma multiforme, although applicable in local treatment, since our previous study of G3BC31 did not demonstrate selectivity against glioma cells compared to normal human fibroblasts. However, it has to be pointed that in our in vivo studies conducted with model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans indicated high anti-nematode activity of G3BC31 in comparison with CXB alone that confirms of usefulness of that organism for estimation of anti-cancer drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Markowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maria Misiorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipowicz-Rachwał
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Information Technology and Management, 2 Sucharskiego Str, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wołowiec
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology,75 Koszykowa Str, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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209
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Moliner C, López V, Barros L, Dias MI, Ferreira ICFR, Langa E, Gómez-Rincón C. Rosemary Flowers as Edible Plant Foods: Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090811. [PMID: 32882905 PMCID: PMC7554989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L., commonly known as rosemary, has been largely studied for its wide use as food ingredient and medicinal plant; less attention has been given to its edible flowers, being necessary to evaluate their potential as functional foods or nutraceuticals. To achieve that, the phenolic profile of the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis flowers was determined using LC-DAD-ESI/MSn and then its antioxidant and anti-ageing potential was studied through in vitro and in vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans. The phenolic content was 14.3 ± 0.1 mg/g extract, trans rosmarinic acid being the predominant compound in the extract, which also exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity in vitro and increased the survival rate of C. elegans exposed to lethal oxidative stress. Moreover, R. officinalis flowers extended C. elegans lifespan up to 18%. Therefore, these findings support the potential use of R. officinalis flowers as ingredients to develop products with pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moliner
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (C.M.); (V.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (C.M.); (V.L.); (E.L.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (M.I.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +351-273-303-219 (I.C.F.R.F.); +34-976-060-100 (C.G.-R.)
| | - Elisa Langa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (C.M.); (V.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (C.M.); (V.L.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +351-273-303-219 (I.C.F.R.F.); +34-976-060-100 (C.G.-R.)
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210
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Andrade G, Orlando HCS, Scorzoni L, Pedroso RS, Abrão F, Carvalho MTM, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR, Bastos JK, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Martins CHG, Pires RH. Brazilian Copaifera Species: Antifungal Activity against Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Cellular Target, and In Vivo Toxicity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030153. [PMID: 32872100 PMCID: PMC7560146 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the genus Copaifera are widely used in Brazil due to their antimicrobial properties, among others. The re-emergence of classic fungal diseases as a consequence of antifungal resistance to available drugs has stimulated the search for plant-based compounds with antifungal activity, especially against Candida. The Candida-infected Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate the in vitro antifungal potential of Copaifera leaf extracts and trunk oleoresins against Candida species. The Copaifera leaf extracts exhibited good antifungal activity against all Candida species, with MIC values ranging from 5.86 to 93.75 µg/mL. Both the Copaifera paupera and Copaifera reticulata leaf extracts at 46.87 µg/mL inhibited Candida glabrata biofilm formation and showed no toxicity to C. elegans. The survival of C. glabrata-infected nematodes increased at all the tested extract concentrations. Exposure to Copaifera leaf extracts markedly increased C. glabrata cell vacuolization and cell membrane damage. Therefore, Copaifera leaf extracts are potential candidates for the development of new and safe antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Andrade
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Haniel Chadwick Silva Orlando
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
- Science and Technology Institute of São José dos Campos (ICT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Santos Pedroso
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Health Technical School (ESTES), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-732, Brazil
| | - Fariza Abrão
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil;
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
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Kaiser L, Weinschrott H, Quint I, Blaess M, Csuk R, Jung M, Kohl M, Deigner HP. Metabolite Patterns in Human Myeloid Hematopoiesis Result from Lineage-Dependent Active Metabolic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176092. [PMID: 32847028 PMCID: PMC7504406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of hematotoxicity from environmental or xenobiotic compounds is of notable interest and is frequently assessed via the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Identification of the mode of action of single compounds is of further interest, as this often enables transfer of results across different tissues and compounds. Metabolomics displays one promising approach for such identification, nevertheless, suitability with current protocols is restricted. Here, we combined a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion approach with distinct lineage differentiations, resulting in formation of erythrocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils. We examined the unique combination of pathway activity in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, polyamine synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, as well as glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. We further assessed their interconnections and essentialness for each lineage formation. By this, we provide further insights into active metabolic pathways during the differentiation of HSPC into different lineages, enabling profound understanding of possible metabolic changes in each lineage caused by exogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany;
| | - Helga Weinschrott
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Isabel Quint
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany;
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Associated member of Tuebingen University, Faculty of Science, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7720-307-4232
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212
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Boyle S, Kakouli-Duarte T. Differential gene expression in the insect pathogen Steinernema feltiae in response to chromium VI exposure in contaminated host cadavers. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107331. [PMID: 32781309 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boyle
- enviroCORE, Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland.
| | - Thomais Kakouli-Duarte
- enviroCORE, Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland
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213
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Bulterijs S, Braeckman BP. Phenotypic Screening in C. elegans as a Tool for the Discovery of New Geroprotective Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E164. [PMID: 32722365 PMCID: PMC7463874 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is one of the largest challenges of the 21st century. As more people live to advanced ages, the prevalence of age-related diseases and disabilities will increase placing an ever larger burden on our healthcare system. A potential solution to this conundrum is to develop treatments that prevent, delay or reduce the severity of age-related diseases by decreasing the rate of the aging process. This ambition has been accomplished in model organisms through dietary, genetic and pharmacological interventions. The pharmacological approaches hold the greatest opportunity for successful translation to the clinic. The discovery of such pharmacological interventions in aging requires high-throughput screening strategies. However, the majority of screens performed for geroprotective drugs in C. elegans so far are rather low throughput. Therefore, the development of high-throughput screening strategies is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bulterijs
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P. Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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214
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Marsova M, Poluektova E, Odorskaya M, Ambaryan A, Revishchin A, Pavlova G, Danilenko V. Protective effects of Lactobacillus fermentum U-21 against paraquat-induced oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse models. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:104. [PMID: 32632560 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to identify in vivo manifestations of antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from healthy human biotopes and to show the possibility of protective action of the selected strain on the model of oxidative stress induced by paraquat in the model of early Parkinson's disease (PD) in mice. We studied the protective effects of 14 Lactobacillus strains belonging to five species on the lifespan of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans experiencing oxidative stress induced by paraquat. The Lactobacillus strains used in this study were selected previously based on their ability to reduce oxidative stress in vitro. One of the strains that showed promising results on C. elegans was tested in a mouse model of PD in which C57/BL6 mice were injected regularly with paraquat. We assessed the state of their internal organs, the preservation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as well as their motor coordination. The positive impact of Lactobacillus fermentum U-21 strain supplementation on paraquat treated animals was observed. L. fermentum U-21 strain reduced the toxicity of paraquat in C. elegans model: the lifespan of the soil nematode C. elegans was extended by 25%. L. fermentum U-21 protected the mice against anatomical and behavioral changes typical of PD: there were no changes in the coordination of movement and the preservation of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Life span of the nematode C. elegans pre-grown on a lawn of E. coli OP50 + Lactobacillus under oxidative stress conditions; the concentration of the oxidizing agent paraquat in the S medium was 50 mmol l-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Odorskaya
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Ambaryan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina Pavlova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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215
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Joller C, De Vrieze M, Moradi A, Fournier C, Chinchilla D, L’Haridon F, Bruisson S, Weisskopf L. S-methyl Methanethiosulfonate: Promising Late Blight Inhibitor or Broad Range Toxin? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060496. [PMID: 32580401 PMCID: PMC7350374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: S-methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS), a sulfur containing volatile organic compound produced by plants and bacterial species, has recently been described to be an efficient anti-oomycete agent with promising perspectives for the control of the devastating potato late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. However, earlier work raised questions regarding the putative toxicity of this compound. To assess the suitability of MMTS for late blight control in the field, the present study thus aimed at evaluating the effect of MMTS on a wide range of non-target organisms in comparison to P. infestans. (2) Methods: To this end, we exposed P. infestans, as well as different pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, bacteria, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as well as the plant Arabidopsis thaliana to MMTS treatment and evaluated their response by means of in vitro assays. (3) Results: Our results showed that fungi (both mycelium and spores) tolerated MMTS better than the oomycete P. infestans, but that the compound nevertheless exhibited non-negligible toxic effects on bacteria, nematodes and plants. (4) Conclusions: We discuss the mode of action of MMTS and conclude that even though this compound might be too toxic for chemical application in the field, its strong anti-oomycete activity could still be exploited when naturally released at the site of infection by plant-associated microbes inoculated as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Joller
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Mout De Vrieze
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Aboubakr Moradi
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudine Fournier
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Delphine Chinchilla
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Floriane L’Haridon
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastien Bruisson
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.J.); (M.D.V.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (F.L.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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216
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Xue C, Hu Y, Khan A, Liu F, Cai L. Ecotoxicity assessment of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate and its micro-sized metal chelates in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137666. [PMID: 32325596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) is a widely used heavy metal chelating agent in harmless treatment of wastewater and hazardous waste, but SDDC and its heavy metal chelates may leak into the environment and bring potential ecological risks. In this study, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the toxic effect of SDDC and its heavy metal Cu, Pb chelates. Multiple endpoints were investigated by subacute exposure to SDDC (0.01-100 mg/L) and micro-sized Cu, Pb chelates of SDDC (1-100 mg/L). Our data indicated that the LC50 value of SDDC was 139.39 mg/L (95% Cl: 111.03, 174.75 mg/L). In addition, SDDC was found that concentration of 1 mg/L is a safe limit value for nematode C. elegans, and concentration above 1 mg/L caused adverse effects on the survival, growth, locomotion behaviors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of exposed nematodes. Furthermore, all tested SDDC-Cu and SDDC-Pb chelates had obviously lower toxic effect than untreated Cu, Pb metals. These two chelates also had a lower toxic effect than SDDC agent due to its more stable structure. Moreover, SDDC-Cu had a higher toxic effect than SDDC-Pb at the same concentration. Thus, our results suggest that SDDC as a kind of chelating agent applied in harmless treatment of heavy metals, the safe addition limit should not be exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Asim Khan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuwen Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lankun Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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217
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Unravelling the anticancer potential of functionalized chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines for breast cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103942. [PMID: 32450388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A selection of new chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines was prepared from chromenylacrylonitriles and N-substituted piperazines, using a novel and efficient synthetic procedure. The compounds were tested for their anticancer activity using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, Hs578t and MDA-MB-231 and the non-neoplastic cell line MCF-10A for toxicity evaluation. In general, compounds showed higher activity towards the luminal breast cancer subtype (MCF-7), competitive with the reference compound Doxorubicin. The in vivo toxicity assay using C. elegans demonstrated a safe profile for the most active compounds. Chromene 3f revealed a promising drug profile, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, apoptosis and microtubule destabilization. The new compounds presented exciting bioactive features and may be used as lead compounds in cancer related drug discovery.
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218
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Priya A, Pandian SK. Piperine Impedes Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Morphogenesis of Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:756. [PMID: 32477284 PMCID: PMC7237707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the primary etiological agent associated with the pathogenesis of candidiasis. Unrestricted growth of C. albicans in the oral cavity may lead to oral candidiasis, which can progress to systemic infections in worst scenarios. Biofilm of C. albicans encompasses yeast and hyphal forms, where hyphal formation and yeast to hyphal morphological transitions are contemplated as the key virulence elements. Current clinical repercussions necessitate the identification of therapeutic agent that can limit the biofilm formation and escalating the susceptibility of C. albicans to immune system and conventional antifungals. In the present study, a plant-derived alkaloid molecule, piperine, was investigated for the antibiofilm and antihyphal activities against C. albicans. Piperine demonstrated a concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity without exerting negative impact on growth and metabolic activity. Inhibition in the hyphal development was witnessed through confocal laser-scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, piperine displayed a tremendous potential to inhibit the virulence-associated colony morphologies, such as filamentation and wrinkling. Furthermore, piperine regulated morphological transitions between yeast and hyphal forms by inhibiting hyphal extension and swapping hyphal phase to yeast forms yet under filamentation-inducing circumstances. Remarkably, piperine-challenged C. albicans exhibited low potential for spontaneous antibiofilm resistance development. In addition, piperine effectively reduced in vivo colonization and prolonged survival of C. albicans-infected Caenorhabditis elegans, thereby expounding the distinct antivirulent potential. Transcriptomic analysis revealed piperine significantly downregulating the expression of several biofilm related and hyphal-specific genes (ALS3, HWP1, EFG1, CPH1, etc.). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was observed in the HBECs and nematodes exposed to piperine. Altogether, results from this study reveals the potential of piperine to inhibit biofilm and hyphal morphogenesis, and its in vivo efficacy and innocuous nature to HBECs suggests that piperine may be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of biofilm-associated C. albicans infection, especially for oral candidiasis.
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219
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Lee D, Hwang H, Kim JS, Park J, Youn D, Kim D, Hahn J, Seo M, Lee H. VATA: A Poly(vinyl alcohol)- and Tannic Acid-Based Nontoxic Underwater Adhesive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20933-20941. [PMID: 32233363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few studies aiming to develop a glue with an underwater reusable adhesive property have been reported because combining the two properties of reusable adhesion and underwater adhesion into a single glue formulation is a challenging issue. Herein, preparation of a simple mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and a well-known phenolic compound, namely, tannic acid (TA), results in an underwater glue exhibiting reusable adhesion. We named the adhesive VATA (PVA + TA). Using VATA, two stainless steel objects (0.77 kg each) are able to be instantly attached. In addition to the high adhesive strength, surface-applied VATA in water retains its adhesive capability even after 24 h. In contrast, cyanoacrylate applied under the same water condition rapidly loses its adhesive power. Another advantage is that VATA's adhesion is reusable. Bonded objects can be forcibly detached, and then the detached ones can be reattached by the residual VATA. VATA maintains nearly 100% of its initial adhesive force, even after 10 repetitions of attach-detach cycles. VATA bonds various materials ranging from metals and polymers to ceramics. Particularly, we first attempt to test the toxicity of the underwater adhesives using an invertebrate nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans and gold fish (vertebrate) due to potential release to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Honggu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- KOLON Advanced Research Cluster, KOLON One & Only Tower, 110, Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, South Korea
| | - Jun-Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Duhwan Kim
- KOLON Advanced Research Cluster, KOLON One & Only Tower, 110, Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, South Korea
| | - Jungseok Hahn
- KOLON Advanced Research Cluster, KOLON One & Only Tower, 110, Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, South Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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220
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Zebrafish CYP1A expression in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans protects from exposures to benzo[a]pyrene and a complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture. Toxicology 2020; 440:152473. [PMID: 32360973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental toxicants primarily produced during incomplete combustion; some are carcinogens. PAHs can be safely metabolized or, paradoxically, bioactivated via specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to more reactive metabolites, some of which can damage DNA and proteins. Among the CYP isoforms implicated in PAH metabolism, CYP1A enzymes have been reported to both sensitize and protect from PAH toxicity. To clarify the role of CYP1A in PAH toxicity, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans that express CYP1A at a basal (but not inducible) level. Because this species does not normally express any CYP1 family enzyme, this approach permitted a test of the role of basally expressed CYP1A in PAH toxicity. We exposed C. elegans at different life stages to either the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) alone, or a real-world mixture dominated by PAHs extracted from the sediment of a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA). This site, the former Atlantic Wood Industries, was declared a Superfund site due to coal tar creosote contamination that caused very high levels (in the [mg/mL] range) of high molecular weight PAHs within the sediments. We demonstrate that CYP1A protects against BaP-induced growth delay, reproductive toxicity, and reduction of steady state ATP levels. Lack of sensitivity of a DNA repair (Nucleotide Excision Repair)-deficient strain suggested that CYP1A did not produce significant levels of DNA-reactive metabolites from BaP. The protective effects of CYP1A in Elizabeth River sediment extract (ERSE)-exposed nematodes were less pronounced than those seen in BaP-exposed nematodes; CYP1A expression protected against ERSE-induced reduction of steady-state ATP levels, but not other outcomes of exposure to sediment extracts. Overall, we find that in C. elegans, a basal level of CYP1A activity is protective against the examined PAH exposures.
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221
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Heaton A, Faulconer E, Milligan E, Kroetz MB, Weir SM, Glaberman S. Interspecific Variation in Nematode Responses to Metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1006-1016. [PMID: 32072668 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Performing toxicity testing on multiple species with differing degrees of evolutionary relatedness can provide important information on how chemical sensitivity varies among species and can help pinpoint the biological drivers of species sensitivity. Such knowledge could ultimately be used to design better multispecies predictive ecological risk assessment models and identify particularly sensitive species. However, laboratory toxicity tests involving multiple species can also be resource intensive, especially when each species has unique husbandry conditions. We performed lethality tests with 2 metals, copper chloride and zinc chloride, on 5 different nematode species, which are nested in their degree of evolutionary relatedness: Caenorhabditis briggsae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Oscheius myriophila, Oscheius tipulae, and Pristionchus pacificus. All species were successfully cultured and tested concurrently with limited resources, demonstrating that inexpensive, multispecies nematode toxicity testing systems are achievable. The results indicate that P. pacificus is the most sensitive to both metals. Conversely, C. elegans is the least sensitive species to copper, but the second most sensitive to zinc, indicating that species relationships do not necessarily predict species sensitivity. Toxicity testing with additional nematode species and types of chemicals is feasible and will help form more generalizable conclusions about relative species sensitivity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1006-1016. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Heaton
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Emma Milligan
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary B Kroetz
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Scott M Weir
- Department of Biology, Queens University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott Glaberman
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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222
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Palacios-Gorba C, Pina R, Tortajada-Girbés M, Jiménez-Belenguer A, Siguemoto É, Ferrús MA, Rodrigo D, Pina-Pérez MC. Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model to assess fucoidan bioactivity preventing Helicobacter pylori infection. Food Funct 2020; 11:4525-4534. [PMID: 32393934 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Helicobacter pylori is the unique biological carcinogenic agent. The search for antimicrobial alternatives to antibiotics against this pathogen has been categorized as a priority due to the drastic failure associated with current applied antibiotic therapy. The present study assessed the bioactive antimicrobial capability of fucoidan ("Generally Recognized as Safe" approval - European Commission December 2017) from different species of Phaeophyceae algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Undaria pinnatifida, Macrocystis pyrifera) against H. pylori. All the studied fucoidans showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects at the studied concentrations [5-100] μg ml-1 and exposure times [0-7 days]. The most effective anti-H. pylori fucoidan was validated in Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. C. elegans feed was supplemented with Undaria pinnatifida [0-100] μg ml-1 fucoidan, resulting in a significant improvement in lifespan, lowered H. pylori concentration in the digestive tract, and increased egg-laying pattern. New research lines proposing this compound as an active agent in nutraceutical and preventive novel therapies should be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Facultad de Veterinaria, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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223
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Nagar Y, Thakur RS, Parveen T, Patel DK, Ram KR, Satish A. Toxicity assessment of parabens in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125730. [PMID: 31927363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid such as methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP) are used as a preservative in food, personal care products (PCPs), and pharmaceuticals, due to their antimicrobial properties. Parabens are continuously released into the environment, during washout of PCPs, disposal of industrial waste from the pharmaceutical and paper industries. Parabens have been detected in the indoor dust, wastewater stream, surface water of rivers, and the marine system. Recent eco-toxicological data and the environmental presence of parabens, has raised concerns regarding the safety and health of environment/humans. Thus, to further understand the toxicity of parabens, the present study was carried out in the soil nematode and well established biological model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, LC50 of MeP, EtP, PrP and BuP for 72 h exposures from L1 larva to adult stage was found to be 278.1, 217.8, 169.2, and 131.88 μg/ml, respectively. Further exposure to 1/5th of LC50 of parabens yielded an internal concentration ranging from 1.67 to 2.83 μg/g dry weight of the organism. The toxicity of parabens on the survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction of the C. elegans was found in the order of BuP > PrP > EtP > MeP. Worms exposed to parabens show significant down-regulation of vitellogenin genes, high levels of reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant transcripts, the latter being concordant with nuclear localization of DAF-16 and up-regulation of HSF-1 and SKN-1/Nrf. Hence, parabens caused endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and toxicity in C. elegans at environment relevant internal concentration of parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Nagar
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tuba Parveen
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kristipati Ravi Ram
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aruna Satish
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Chen RJ, Chen YY, Liao MY, Lee YH, Chen ZY, Yan SJ, Yeh YL, Yang LX, Lee YL, Wu YH, Wang YJ. The Current Understanding of Autophagy in Nanomaterial Toxicity and Its Implementation in Safety Assessment-Related Alternative Testing Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2387. [PMID: 32235610 PMCID: PMC7177614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has rapidly promoted the development of a new generation of industrial and commercial products; however, it has also raised some concerns about human health and safety. To evaluate the toxicity of the great diversity of nanomaterials (NMs) in the traditional manner, a tremendous number of safety assessments and a very large number of animals would be required. For this reason, it is necessary to consider the use of alternative testing strategies or methods that reduce, refine, or replace (3Rs) the use of animals for assessing the toxicity of NMs. Autophagy is considered an early indicator of NM interactions with cells and has been recently recognized as an important form of cell death in nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Impairment of autophagy is related to the accelerated pathogenesis of diseases. By using mechanism-based high-throughput screening in vitro, we can predict the NMs that may lead to the generation of disease outcomes in vivo. Thus, a tiered testing strategy is suggested that includes a set of standardized assays in relevant human cell lines followed by critical validation studies carried out in animals or whole organism models such as C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster)for improved screening of NM safety. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which NMs perturb biological systems, including autophagy induction, is critical for a more comprehensive elucidation of nanotoxicity. A more profound understanding of toxicity mechanisms will also facilitate the development of prevention and intervention policies against adverse outcomes induced by NMs. The development of a tiered testing strategy for NM hazard assessment not only promotes a more widespread adoption of non-rodent or 3R principles but also makes nanotoxicology testing more ethical, relevant, and cost- and time-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Mei-Yi Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 651, Taiwan;
| | - Zi-Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ling Lee
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tainan Hospital of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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225
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Preez GD, Fourie H, Daneel M, Miller H, Höss S, Ricci C, Engelbrecht G, Zouhar M, Wepener V. Oxygen consumption rate of Caenorhabditis elegans as a high-throughput endpoint of toxicity testing using the Seahorse XF e96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4239. [PMID: 32144330 PMCID: PMC7060326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans presents functioning, biologically relevant phenotypes and is frequently used as a bioindicator of toxicity. However, most C. elegans in vivo effect-assessment methods are laborious and time consuming. Therefore, we developed a novel method to measure the oxygen consumption rate of C. elegans as a sublethal endpoint of toxicity. This protocol was tested by exposing 50 larval stage one C. elegans individuals for 48 h (at 20 °C) to different concentrations of two toxicants i.e. benzylcetyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-C16) and cadmium (Cd). Following exposures, the oxygen consumption rate of the C. elegans individuals were measured using the high-throughput functionality of the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Dose-response curves for BAC-C16 (R2 = 0.93; P = 0.001) and Cd (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.001) were created. Furthermore, a strong, positive correlation was evidenced between C. elegans oxygen consumption rate and a commonly used, ecologically relevant endpoint of toxicity (growth inhibition) for BAC-C16 (R2 = 0.93; P = 0.0001) and Cd (R2 = 0.91; P = 0.0001). The data presented in this study show that C. elegans oxygen consumption rate can be used as a promising functional measurement of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa.
| | - H Fourie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - M Daneel
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - H Miller
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - S Höss
- Ecossa, Giselastrasse 6, 82319, Starnberg, Germany
- University of Bielefeld, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Ricci
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Engelbrecht
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - M Zouhar
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Wepener
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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226
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Capela R, Garric J, Castro LFC, Santos MM. Embryo bioassays with aquatic animals for toxicity testing and hazard assessment of emerging pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135740. [PMID: 31838430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review article gathers the available information on the use of embryo-tests as high-throughput tools for toxicity screening, hazard assessment and prioritization of new and existing chemical compounds. The approach is contextualized considering the new legal trends for animal experimentation, fostering the 3R policy, with reduction of experimental animals, addressing the potential of embryo-tests as high-throughput toxicity screening and prioritizing tools. Further, the current test guidelines, such as the ones provided by OECD and EPA, focus mainly in a limited number of animal lineages, particularly vertebrates and arthropods. To extrapolate hazard assessment to the ecosystem scale, a larger diversity of taxa should be tested. The use of new experimental animal models in toxicity testing, from a representative set of taxa, was thoroughly revised and discussed in this review. Here, we critically review current tools and the main advantages and drawbacks of different animal models and set researcher priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Capela
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; IRSTEA - National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture - Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA - National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture - Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, Lyon-Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Luís Filipe Costa Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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227
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Ijomone OM, Miah MR, Akingbade GT, Bucinca H, Aschner M. Nickel-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in C. elegans Includes Cholinergic, Dopaminergic and GABAergic Degeneration, Altered Behaviour, and Increased SKN-1 Activity. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:1018-1028. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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228
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López-García G, Cilla A, Barberá R, Genovés S, Martorell P, Alegría A. Effect of plant sterol and galactooligosaccharides enriched beverages on oxidative stress and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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229
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Agotegaray M, Blanco MG, Campelo A, García E, Zysler R, Massheimer V, De Rosa MJ, Lassalle V. β-cyclodextrin coating: improving biocompatibility of magnetic nanocomposites for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:22. [PMID: 32002683 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-6361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role Beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) on improving biocompatibility on healthy cellular and animal models was studied upon a formulation obtained from the development of a simple coating procedure. The obtained nanosystems were thoroughly characterized by FTIR, TGA, atomic absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, TEM/HR-TEM and magnetic properties. βCD might interact with the magnetic core through hosting OA. It is feasible that the nanocomposite is formed by nanoparticles of MG@OA dispersed in a βCD matrix. The evaluation of βCD role on biocompatibility was performed on two healthy models. To this end, in vivo studies were carried out on Caenorhabditis elegans. Locomotion and progeny were evaluated after exposure animals to MG, MG@OA, and MG@OA-βCD (10 to 500 µg/mL). The influence of βCD on cytotoxicity was explored in vitro on healthy rat aortic endothelial cells, avoiding alteration in the results derived from the use of transformed cell lines. Biological studies demonstrated that βCD attaching improves MG biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Agotegaray
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)-UNS, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Blanco
- Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET)-UNS, Lab. de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Adrián Campelo
- Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET)-UNS, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Elba García
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)-UNS, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Roberto Zysler
- CONICET-Centro Atómico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro, S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Virginia Massheimer
- Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET)-UNS, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María José De Rosa
- Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET)-UNS, Lab. de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Lassalle
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)-UNS, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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230
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Lee S, Kim Y, Choi J. Effect of soil microbial feeding on gut microbiome and cadmium toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109777. [PMID: 31670241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community of an organism plays an important role on its fitness, including stress responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of the culturable subset of soil microbial community (SMB) on the stress response of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, upon exposure to one of the major soil contaminants, cadmium (Cd). Life history traits and the stress responses to Cd exposure were compared between SMB- and Escherichia coli strain OP50-fed worms. SMB-fed worms showed higher reproduction rates and longer lifespans. Also, the SMB-fed worms showed more tolerant response to Cd exposure. Gene expression profiling suggested that the chemical stress and immune response of worms were boosted upon SMB feeding. Finally, we investigated C. elegans gut microbial communities in the presence and absence of Cd in OP50- and SMB-fed C. elegans. In the OP50-fed worms, changes in microbial community by Cd exposure was severe, whereas in the SMB-fed worms, it was comparatively weak. Our results suggest that the SMB affects the response of C. elegans to Cd exposure and highlight the importance of the gut microbiome in host stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbaek Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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231
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Dieltjens L, Appermans K, Lissens M, Lories B, Kim W, Van der Eycken EV, Foster KR, Steenackers HP. Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 31919364 PMCID: PMC6952394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria commonly form dense biofilms encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are often extremely tolerant to antimicrobials but their reliance on shared EPS may also be a weakness as social evolution theory predicts that inhibiting shared traits can select against resistance. Here we show that EPS of Salmonella biofilms is a cooperative trait whose benefit is shared among cells, and that EPS inhibition reduces both cell attachment and antimicrobial tolerance. We then compare an EPS inhibitor to conventional antimicrobials in an evolutionary experiment. While resistance against conventional antimicrobials rapidly evolves, we see no evolution of resistance to EPS inhibition. We further show that a resistant strain is outcompeted by a susceptible strain under EPS inhibitor treatment, explaining why resistance does not evolve. Our work suggests that targeting cooperative traits is a viable solution to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial biofilms rely on shared extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and are often highly tolerant to antibiotics. Here, the authors show in in vitro experiments that Salmonella does not evolve resistance to EPS inhibition because such strains are outcompeted by a susceptible strain under inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Dieltjens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenny Appermans
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maries Lissens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Lories
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Zoology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kevin R Foster
- Department of Zoology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hans P Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Zoology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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232
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Atakan HB, Ayhan F, Gijs MAM. PDMS filter structures for size-dependent larval sorting and on-chip egg extraction of C. elegans. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:155-167. [PMID: 31793616 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00949c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
C. elegans-based assays require age-synchronized populations prior to experimentation to achieve standardized sets of worm populations, due to which age-induced heterogeneous phenotyping effects can be avoided. There have been several approaches to synchronize populations of C. elegans at certain larval stages; however, many of these methods are tedious, complex and have low throughput. In this work, we demonstrate a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic filtering device for high-throughput, efficient, and extremely rapid sorting of mixed larval populations of C. elegans. Our device consists of three plasma-activated and bonded PDMS parts and permits sorting of mixed populations of two consecutive larval stages in a matter of minutes. After sorting, we also retain the remaining larval stage of the initially mixed worm population on the chip, thereby enabling collection of the two sorted larval populations from the device. We demonstrated that the target larvae could be collected from a mixed worm population by cascading these devices. Our approach is based on only passive hydrodynamics filter structures, resulting in a user-friendly and reusable tool. In addition, we employed the equivalent of a standard bleaching procedure that is practiced in standard worm culture on agar plates for embryo harvesting on our chip, and we demonstrated rapid egg extraction and subsequent harvesting of a synchronized L1 larvae population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Baris Atakan
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Furkan Ayhan
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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233
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Cho CW, Yun YS. Application of general toxic effects of ionic liquids to predict toxicities of ionic liquids to Spodoptera frugiperda 9, Eisenia fetida, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113185. [PMID: 31522005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modeling for the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is necessary to fill data gaps for untested chemicals and to understand the relevant mechanisms at the molecular level. In order for many researchers to easily predict toxicity and/or develop some prediction model, simple method(s) based on a single parameter should be proposed. Therefore, previously our group developed a comprehensive toxicity prediction model with unified linear free-energy relationship descriptors to address the single parameter for predicting the toxicities, as follows (Cho et al., 2016b). Log 1/toxicity in the unit of mM= (2.254 Ec - 2.545 Sc + 0.646 Ac - 1.471 Bc + 1.650 Vc + 2.917 J+ - 0.201 Ea + 0.418 Va + 0.131 J-) - 0.709. It is considered that the model can calculate the general toxicological effect of ILs in parenthesis, as it was developed on the basis of numerous toxic effects i.e., 58 toxicity testing methods and about 1600 data points. In order to check the hypothesis, the values calculated by the model were correlated with four different datasets from insect cell line (Spodoptera frugiperda 9), earthworm (Eisenia fetida), nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio). The results clearly showed that the calculated values are in good agreement with each dataset. In the case of S. frugiperda 9 cells, the calculated parameters were correlated with log1/LC50 values, measured after 24 h and 48 h incubation, in R2 of 0.67 and 0.88, respectively. The R2 values for the earthworm, nematode, and fish were 0.88, 0.96, and 0.94-0.95, respectively. This study confirmed that the comprehensive model can be simply and accurately used to predict toxicity of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Chonbuk, South Korea.
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Sammi SR, Foguth RM, Nieves CS, De Perre C, Wipf P, McMurray CT, Lee LS, Cannon JR. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Produces Dopaminergic Neuropathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:417-434. [PMID: 31428778 PMCID: PMC6876260 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely utilized in numerous industries. Due to long environmental and biological half-lives, PFOS is a major public health concern. Although the literature suggests that PFOS may induce neurotoxicity, neurotoxic mechanisms, and neuropathology are poorly understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine if PFOS is selectively neurotoxic and potentially relevant to specific neurological diseases. Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were exposed to PFOS or related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for 72 h and tested for evidence of neuropathology through examination of cholinergic, dopaminergic, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotoninergic neuronal morphologies. Dopaminergic and cholinergic functional analyses were assessed through 1-nonanol and Aldicarb assay. Mechanistic studies assessed total reactive oxygen species, superoxide ions, and mitochondrial content. Finally, therapeutic approaches were utilized to further examine pathogenic mechanisms. Dopaminergic neuropathology occurred at lower exposure levels (25 ppm, approximately 50 µM) than required to produce neuropathology in GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons (100 ppm, approximately 200 µM). Further, PFOS exposure led to dopamine-dependent functional deficits, without altering acetylcholine-dependent paralysis. Mitochondrial content was affected by PFOS at far lower exposure level than required to induce pathology (≥1 ppm, approximately 2 µM). Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure also enhanced oxidative stress. Further, mutation in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase rendered animals more vulnerable. Neuroprotective approaches such as antioxidants, PFAS-protein dissociation, and targeted (mitochondrial) radical and electron scavenging were neuroprotective, suggesting specific mechanisms of action. In general, other tested PFAS were less neurotoxic. The primary impact is to prompt research into potential adverse outcomes related to PFAS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | | | - Chloe De Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
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Souto C, Göethel G, Peruzzi CP, Cestonaro LV, Garcia I, Ávila DS, Eifler‐Lima V, Carmo H, Bastos MDL, Garcia SC, Arbo MD. Piperazine designer drugs elicit toxicity in the alternative in vivo model
Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:363-372. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Souto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Caroline Portela Peruzzi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Larissa Vivan Cestonaro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Ingrid Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE)Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | - Vera Eifler‐Lima
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Departamento de Produção de Matéria Prima, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Solange C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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Yang Y, Yu S, Liu N, Xu H, Gong Y, Wu Y, Wang P, Su X, Liao Y, De Saeger S, Humpf HU, Wu A. Transcription Factor FOXO3a Is a Negative Regulator of Cytotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxin in GES-1 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:370-381. [PMID: 30169763 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanism and key factors responsible for cytotoxicity against mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) from Fusarium pathogens are rarely elucidated. In this study, rapid increases of ROS were first observed in human gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells under DON exposure. Mitochondrial DNA damage, impaired respiratory chain, and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) values, as well as G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, were also detected. Via combinatorial approaches of a large-scale microarray of differentially expressed genes, high content and RNAi analysis, a transcription factor of Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) was found with crucial functionalities, regulated some apoptotic genes associated with mitochondrial toxicity and cell death after activation by nuclear translocation. Namely, knockdown of FOXO3a decreased the cytotoxicity of DON to GES-1 cells. Moreover, knockdown of the FOXO ortholog DAF16 in Caenorhabditis elegans increased the resistance to DON-induced cytotoxicity. Simultaneously, the signaling pathway of ROS/JNK/FOXO3a of DON-induced cytotoxicity was newly proposed. In total, FOXO3a via ROS/JNK/FOXO3a plays a critical role to function as negative regulator associating with DON-induced cytotoxicity, with the potential extending to other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Institute of nutrition, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200000, Shanghai, P.R China
| | - Song Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Institute of nutrition, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200000, Shanghai, P.R China
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Institute of nutrition, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200000, Shanghai, P.R China
| | - Haibin Xu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessmen (CFSA), 100000, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Gong
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessmen (CFSA), 100000, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessmen (CFSA), 100000, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100000, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100000, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430000, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 00329, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Institute of nutrition, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200000, Shanghai, P.R China
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Wittkowski P, Marx-Stoelting P, Violet N, Fetz V, Schwarz F, Oelgeschläger M, Schönfelder G, Vogl S. Caenorhabditis elegans As a Promising Alternative Model for Environmental Chemical Mixture Effect Assessment-A Comparative Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12725-12733. [PMID: 31536708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge of mixture toxicity testing is that a multitude of substances with even more combinations need to be tested in a broad dose range. Consequently testing in rodent bioassays, the current gold standard of toxicity testing, is hardly feasible. High-throughput compatible cell culture systems, however, suffer from limitations with respect to toxicokinetics, tissue interactions, and compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, simple organisms like the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, combining relevant advantages of complex in vivo and fast in vitro assays might prove highly valuable within a testing strategy for mixtures. To investigate the comparability between results obtained with C. elegans and traditional rodent assays, we used five azole fungicides as well investigated model substances. Our findings suggest that azoles act additively in C. elegans which is in line with previous results in rats. Additionally, we show that toxicokinetics are one important factor for the differences in the relative toxicity of the azoles in both species. Importantly, we also demonstrate that in contrast to most rodent in vivo studies, C. elegans assays provide well-defined concentration-response relationships which are a very good basis for the prediction of mixture effects. We conclude that C. elegans may be an appropriate model for mixture toxicity testing at least within a first step to identify and prioritize relevant mixtures for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wittkowski
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Norman Violet
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Oelgeschläger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gilbert Schönfelder
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , 10117 Berlin , Germany
| | - Silvia Vogl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
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Dwivedi M, Muralidhar S, Saluja D. Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Inhibits Adhesion, Biofilm Initiation and Formation in Candida albicans. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 60:96-106. [PMID: 32089579 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms act as reservoirs for pathogenic sessile microbes which reside inside the three dimensional matrix of the biofilm, and are thus protected against anti-microbial drugs. Most of the anti-microbial drugs fail to completely abolish the biofilm associated infections. In the present study, we provide evidence of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) extract having possible anti-microbial activity, with emphasis on Candida albicans biofilm. The Hs extract was shown to be effective against C. albicans pre-formed biofilm at 3.125 mg/ml and was able to inhibit the hyphae initiation and adherence of cells. Furthermore, Hs extract was able to reduce the C. albicans load in C. elegans by effectively killing the Candida cells thereby reducing the viable colony count and effectively increasing the lifespan of worms. The percentage of viable hatched progeny of worms exposed to Hs extract (both at conc. 1.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml), was also comparable to that of the control untreated eggs. The Hs extract was also found to be significantly effective against fluconazole resistant C. albicans isolated from patients. Thus, we, for the first time, propose Hs extract as a prospective drug candidate and substitute for eradicating pre-formed biofilm and inhibiting the growth of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dwivedi
- 1Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Sumathi Muralidhar
- 2Apex-Regional STD Centre and State Reference Laboratory for HIV, Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Daman Saluja
- 1Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Swetha TK, Pooranachithra M, Subramenium GA, Divya V, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. Umbelliferone Impedes Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis via Impairment of Initial Attachment and Intercellular Adhesion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:357. [PMID: 31681633 PMCID: PMC6813203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic human pathogen, which is involved in numerous nosocomial and implant associated infections. Biofilm formation is one of the prime virulence factors of S. epidermidis that supports its colonization on biotic and abiotic surfaces. The global dissemination of three lineages of S. epidermidis superbugs highlights its clinical significance and the imperative need to combat its pathogenicity. Thus, in the current study, the antibiofilm activity of umbelliferone (UMB), a natural product of the coumarin family, was assessed against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). UMB exhibited significant antibiofilm activity (83%) at 500 μg/ml concentration without growth alteration. Microscopic analysis corroborated the antibiofilm potential of UMB and unveiled its potential to impair intercellular adhesion, which was reflected in auto-aggregation and solid phase adherence assays. Furthermore, real time PCR analysis revealed the reduced expression of adhesion encoding genes (icaD, atlE, aap, bhp, ebh, sdrG, and sdrF). Down regulation of agrA and reduced production of secreted hydrolases upon UMB treatment were speculated to hinder invasive lifestyle of MRSE. Additionally, UMB hindered slime synthesis and biofilm matrix components, which were believed to augment antibiotic susceptibility. In vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans divulged the non-toxic nature of UMB and validated the antibiofilm, antivirulence, and antiadherence properties of UMB observed in in vitro assays. Thus, UMB impairs MRSE biofilm by turning down the initial attachment and intercellular adhesion. Altogether, the obtained results suggest the potent antibiofilm activity of UMB and the feasibility of using it in clinical settings for combating S. epidermidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Velayutham Divya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
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Lipidomic insights to understand membrane dynamics in response to vanillin in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:263-276. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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242
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Automated Platform for Long-Term Culture and High-Content Phenotyping of Single C. elegans Worms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14340. [PMID: 31586133 PMCID: PMC6778082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a suitable model organism in drug screening. Traditionally worms are grown on agar plates, posing many challenges for long-term culture and phenotyping of animals under identical conditions. Microfluidics allows for 'personalized' phenotyping, as microfluidic chips permit collecting individual responses over worms' full life. Here, we present a multiplexed, high-throughput, high-resolution microfluidic approach to culture C. elegans from embryo to the adult stage at single animal resolution. We allocated single embryos to growth chambers, for observing the main embryonic and post-embryonic development stages and phenotypes, while exposing worms to up to 8 different well-controlled chemical conditions. Our approach allowed eliminating bacteria aggregation and biofilm formation-related clogging issues, which enabled us performing up to 80 hours of automated single worm culture studies. Our microfluidic platform is linked with an automated phenotyping code that registers organism-associated phenotypes at high-throughput. We validated our platform with a dose-response study of the anthelmintic drug tetramisole by studying its influence through the life cycle of the nematodes. In parallel, we could observe development effects and variations in single embryo and worm viability due to the bleaching procedure that is standardly used for harvesting the embryos from a worm culture agar plate.
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243
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Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Jaruga P, Hanna SK, Sims CM, Almeida JL, Catoe D, Coskun E, Golan R, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Measurement of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans with High-Salt DNA Extraction and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12149-12155. [PMID: 31454479 PMCID: PMC6996937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively as a medical and toxicological model organism. However, little is known about background levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage in the nematode or how culturing methods affect DNA damage levels. The tough C. elegans cuticle makes it challenging to extract genomic DNA without harsh procedures that can artifactually increase DNA damage. Therefore, a mild extraction protocol based on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been developed and optimized. This method allows for efficient extraction of >50 μg DNA using a minimum of 250000 nematodes grown in liquid culture. The extracted DNA exhibited acceptable RNA levels (<10% contamination), functionality in polymerase chain reaction assays, and reproducible DNA fragmentation. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution measured lower lesion levels in high-salt extracts than in phenol extracts. Phenolic extraction produced a statistically significant increase in 8-hydroxyguanine, a known artifact, and additional artifactual increases in 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyadenine. The high-salt DNA extraction procedure utilizes green solvents and reagents and minimizes artifactual DNA damage, making it more suitable for molecular and toxicological studies in C. elegans. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of GC-MS/MS to measure multiple 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides in a toxicologically important terrestrial organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jamie L. Almeida
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David Catoe
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachel Golan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Solecki R, Rauch M, Gall A, Buschmann J, Kellner R, Kucheryavenko O, Schmitt A, Delrue N, Li W, Hu J, Fujiwara M, Kuwagata M, Mantovani A, Makris SL, Paumgartten F, Schönfelder G, Schneider S, Vogl S, Kleinstreuer N, Schneider M, Schulze F, Fritsche E, Clark R, Shiota K, Chahoud I. Update of the DevTox data database for harmonized risk assessment and alternative methodologies in developmental toxicology: Report of the 9th Berlin Workshop on Developmental Toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:124-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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245
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In vitro prenatal developmental toxicity induced by some petroleum substances is mediated by their 3- to 7-ring PAH constituent with a potential role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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246
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Ganesan S, Amirthalingam M, Arivalagan P, Govindan S, Palanisamy S, Lingassamy AP, Ponnusamy VK. Absolute removal of ciprofloxacin and its degraded byproducts in aqueous solution using an efficient electrochemical oxidation process coupled with adsorption treatment technique. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:409-417. [PMID: 31163378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical-based contaminants are the major reasons for morbidity and mortality in aquatic animals and lead to several side effects and diseases in human community. Availability of proper, efficient, and cost-effective treatment technologies is still scarce. In this study, an efficient combined treatment technique (electrochemical oxidation and adsorption processes) was developed for the complete detoxification of most commonly used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution. Electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin was performed using titanium-based tri-metal oxide mesh type anode, and the effective oxidative potential, electrolysis time, and pH for the degradation of ciprofloxacin were thoroughly evaluated. Sulfate, fluoride ions and toxic byproducts generated during electrochemical oxidation of ciprofloxacin were subsequently removed through a simple adsorption treatment using activated charcoal for 90 min. Further, the toxicity of the treated water was assessed with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans species at different time intervals by observing the expressions of important stress-responsive genes viz., sod-3, hsp-16.2, ctl-1,2,3 and gst-4. The results exhibited that the combined process of electrochemical oxidation and adsorption treatment is simple, low-cost as well as effective to eliminate ciprofloxacin and its toxic byproducts in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarasan Ganesan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City-807, Taiwan; Environmental Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohankumar Amirthalingam
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pugazhendhi Arivalagan
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labor Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shanmugam Govindan
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararaj Palanisamy
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Pragasan Lingassamy
- Environmental Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City-807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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247
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Eom HJ, Choi J. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involved in uptake and toxicity of silica nanoparticles in Caenohabditis elegans. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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248
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Reproductive Toxicity of Pomegranate Peel Extract Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multigeneration Study in C. elegans. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8767943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
C. elegans is a preferential model for testing environmental toxicity of compounds including nanomaterials. The impact of multigeneration exposure of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the lifespan and fertility of C. elegans is not known and therefore is investigated in this study. We used pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts as a reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PPE-AuNPs) from chloroauric acid. Nematodes were grown till adult stage and then exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of PPE-AuNPs at 20°C for 72 hours and then assessed for lifespan and fertility. The same protocols were followed for subsequent F1, F2, and F3 generations. The results showed that PPE-AuNPs dose-dependently but insignificantly reduced the lifespan of C. elegans. Exposure of PPE-AuNPs significantly and dose-dependently reduced the fertility of C. elegans in terms of the number of eggs produced. The reproductive toxicity of PPE-AuNPs was found to be minimal in parental generation (F0) and maximal in F3 generation. In conclusion, biologically synthesized PPE-AuNPs adversely affect the fertility of C. elegans while the factors responsible for reproductive toxicity are inherited by subsequent generations.
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249
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Baken KA, Lambrechts N, Remy S, Mustieles V, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Neophytou CM, Olea N, Schoeters G. A strategy to validate a selection of human effect biomarkers using adverse outcome pathways: Proof of concept for phthalates and reproductive effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:235-256. [PMID: 31146096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring measures the concentrations of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in body fluids or tissues. Complementing exposure biomarkers with mechanistically based effect biomarkers may further elucidate causal pathways between chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes. We combined information on effect biomarkers previously implemented in human observational studies with mechanisms of action reported in experimental studies and with information from published Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), focusing on adverse reproductive effects of phthalate exposure. Phthalates constitute a group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in consumer products and have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects. As a result of a comprehensive literature search, we present an overview of effect biomarkers for reproductive toxicity that are substantiated by mechanistic information. The activation of several receptors, such as PPARα, PPARγ, and GR, may initiate events leading to impaired male and female fertility as well as other adverse effects of phthalate exposure. Therefore, these receptors appear as promising targets for the development of novel effect biomarkers. The proposed strategy connects the fields of epidemiology and toxicology and may strengthen the weight of evidence in observational studies that link chemical exposures to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Christiana M Neophytou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicolas Olea
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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250
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Early life exposure of a biocide, CMIT/MIT causes metabolic toxicity via the O-GlcNAc transferase pathway in the nematode C. elegans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:1-8. [PMID: 31100289 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Unusual cases of fatal lung injury, later determined to be a result of exposure to chemicals used as humidifier disinfectants, were reported among Korean children from 2006 to 2011. This resulted in considerable study of the pulmonary toxicity of humidifier disinfectant chemicals to establish the causal relationship between exposure and lung disease. However, the systemic toxicity of the former and health effects other than lung disease are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT/MIT), among the humidifier disinfectants used in the accidents, on the development of metabolic toxicity in the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans using an exposure scenario comparison. We screened the potential of CMIT/MIT to induce metabolic toxicity using C. elegans oga-1(ok1207) and ogt-1(ok1474) mutants. We also performed a pathway analysis based on C. elegans transcription factor RNAi library screening to identify the underlying toxicity mechanisms. Finally, to understand the critical window of exposure for metabolic toxicity, responses to exposure during different periods in the life cycles of the worms were compared. We determined that CMIT/MIT could induce metabolic toxicity through O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase and early life seems to be the critical window for exposure for metabolic toxicity for this substance. The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase pathway is conserved from worms to humans; our results thus insinuate that early-life exposure to CMIT/MIT could cause metabolic health problems during adult life in humans. We therefore suggest that a systemic toxicity approach should be considered to comprehensively understand the adverse health effects of humidifier disinfectant misuse.
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